Podcasts about Londinium

LONDINIUM CHRONICLES: GAIUS & GERMANICUS PHILOSOPHIZE Summary of Audio Part 1 Gaius and Germanicus, reflecting on 21st-century events from Londinium, compare the American "princeps" (emperor) issuing ultimatums against "gangsters" in places like Gaza and Caracas to the Roman precedent of figures like Pompey suppressing the Cilician pirates, noting that emperors do not negotiate. Germanicus suggests the current US administration's approach of reducing direct administrative control over allies while maintaining titular supremacy is reminiscent of how the Roman Emperor in Constantinople dealt with emerging barbarian kingdoms by bestowing Roman titles like Consul and Patrician. They debate whether Europe's recent emergency meeting in Copenhagen regarding a "drone wall" signifies European independence or a success of the US princeps' policy of creative retrenchment, criticizing the arbitrary basis of 20th-century alliances like NATO and the discredited domino theory.

LONDINIUM CHRONICLES: GAIUS & GERMANICUS PHILOSOPHIZE Summary of Audio Part 2 Gaius and Germanicus discuss the emperor's ceremonial gathering of the legion leadership at Quantico, where the new mission of "Fortress America" was announced, an event they view as a necessary ritual to overturn previous command disobedience and re-establish the emperor's authority. They connect the current US political crisis to the end of the Roman Republic, observing that the constitutional system cannot sustain the ongoing conflict between the immensely rich oligarchic Senate faction (represented by "blue" elites) and the popular movement championed by the powerful leader, similar to the clash between senators and populares. This power struggle is visible in the Governor of California's challenge to the president's authority to use the National Guard against perceived "insurrections," which they believe is an unavoidable dynamic leading towards the establishment of a principate system.

3. Rituals of Command and the Cicero Revelation Londinium Chronicles Gaius & Germanicus Debate The emperor asserted command authority over the legions in a ritual event at Quantico, Virginia, with his viceroy addressing the leadership of the legions. This ceremony was designed to overturn the previous instances of "command disobedience" experienced by Trump during his first term (such as General Milley's reported actions). The message delivered was a direct command: "New mission. Fortress America. If you are uncomfortable with that, leave."Domestically, this ongoing power transition draws parallels with the murder of Caesar, which marked the end of the Roman Republic and the path toward the principate. A newly shared detail from the documents of Marcus Tullius Cicero reveals that Brutus allegedly raised his dagger while striking Caesar and shouted "Cicero." This detail suggests Cicero, the master storyteller and champion of the senatorial class, provided the intellectual legitimacy and imprimatur for the assassination, affirming that the murder was committed in the name of the Senate's vision of republicanism. 1802

Un grande ritorno con Lex Arcana, il gioco edito da @Acheron ambientato in un impero romano che non è mai caduto!Il contubernium trova un nuovo compagno a Londinium, dove vengono inviati a risolvere un caso che attanaglia la capitale della Britannia. Come sempre quando la Cohors Arcana interviene, qualcosa di grosso bolle in pentola...Speriamo vi possa piacere, consigliateci altri GDR che vi potrebbero interessare!Potete trovare i video di #IntavernadaKurt su:●⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Twitch⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠●⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠●⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠●⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Telegram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠●⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Discord⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Londinium Chronicles Part 2 Sept 28.mp3 HEADLINE: The Verres Moment: Indictment, Corruption, and the Threatened Legitimacy of the American Vote SPEAKERS: Gaius and Germanicus 200 WORD SUMMARY: Gaiusand Germanicus draw parallels between the collapse of the Roman Republic—where the people lost confidence in the Senate—and modern America. They recount the trial of Verres, the notoriously corrupt governor of Sicily in 70 B.C.E., whom Cicero prosecuted to expose corruption not just of Verres, but of the entire Roman establishment. Cicerofamously appealed to common sense and immediately brought in witnesses to demonstrate the blatant nature of the corruption. Gaius asks if the indictment of former FBI Director Comey represents a modern "Verres moment," a necessary "hinge moment" to expose deep corruption in the US political system. Germanicus confirms the goal is to expose the systemic failure that is strangling representative government. Gaius views Trump as a "tribune of the people" seeking payback against a corrupt system that undermined the vote's credibility in 2016, 2020, and 2024. Gaius expects more indictments, noting that, like Cicero, the current political appeal is to sentiment rather than solely evidence. Germanicus worries that the escalation of political combat into "lawfare" could lead to a complete breakdown of constitutional order and legitimate transfers of power, citing the Spanish Civil War. The underlying cause is the extreme inequality of wealth and income, where a tiny minority holds immense political status while the majority is reduced to "plebeians." 1902

Londinium Chronicles Part 3 Audio Sept 28.mp3 HEADLINE: How to Move the Billionaires: War, Leveling, and the Failure of Reform SPEAKERS: Germanicus and Gaius 200 WORD SUMMARY: The speakers address the internal crisis within "Fortress America": the modern-day Palatine Hill, represented by the billionaires who are untouchable and above the law. Gaius cites economist Thomas Piketty, highlighting the "gigantic" wealth amassed by the super-rich. Germanicus asserts that the only guaranteed pathway to practical leveling—bringing the super-rich back down—is through war, whether external conflict or civil war. He explains that upheaval is necessary because the rate of return on investments consistently outpaces inflation, creating extraordinary wealth imbalance. World War II and the Great Depression were instruments of leveling in the US, creating the middle class and a more cohesive society. Today, US society is highly bifurcated, with the top 7-8% of the population holding 60% of the nation's wealth. Germanicus suggests that the populares committed to radical change are not the conventional "socialist" progressives (who are "parasites" of the state), but groups motivated by non-material goals. Both speakers emphatically agree that the problem of wealth inequality and the power of the Palatine will not be solved by reforms, calling reform a "misdirection." They conclude that maintaining the "status quo" means they are deeply "in trouble." 1790 SULLA'S PROSCRIPTIONS

Londinium Chronicles Part 1 Sept 28.mp3 HEADLINE: Reorganizing the Legions: Fortress America, the Corrupt Senate, and the Stranglehold of the Military-Industrial Complex SPEAKERS: Gaius Londinium and Germanicus 200 WORD SUMMARY: The Friends of History Debating Society opens by discussing the panicking temperament of European leadership due to Russian provocations (drones, jamming) and Washington's silence on requests for Tomahawks for Kyiv. They contrast the effective Roman legions—combat units and engineers—with the modern USmilitary, which has "too many generals and too few war fighters." Major changes are anticipated, including a speech by Secretary of Defense Hegseth promoting the theme of "Fortress America" and reorganizing the military to match the needs of an empire. Germanicus argues that the US military needs an overhaul akin to Rome's transition from the Republic, having squandered its post-Cold War strength and now facing powerful rivals like Russia and China, who have adopted new technologies. He notes that the US military is hampered by reliance on 1945 weapon systems (like the heavy bomber). Germanicus believes the military is unwilling to change because the military-industrial complex (MIC), dominated by five defense firms, maintains a powerful stranglehold over procurement and general officers. This results in massive inefficiencies, such as the F-35 program, a trillion-dollar effort with only 10% combat availability. Gaius insists the core problem is the corrupt Senate (Congress), which enables these wasteful contracts and sets priorities like focusing on DEI and climate change over war fighters. 1770 PANTHEON

#LONDINIUM90AD: MICHAEL VLAHOS. FRIENDS OF HISTORY DEBATING SOCIETY. @MICHALIS_VLAHOS HEADLINE: From Dalmatia to Poland: Frontier Tensions, Roman Legacy, and the Danger of Miscalculation The discussion opens with Gaius (John Batchelor) in Londinium speaking to Germanicus (Michael Vlahos), who is in Dalmatia (the Dalmatian coast, modern Croatia), a frontier area of the former Roman Empire. Germanicus observes that this region, Ragusa, maintained its Roman continuity through the Middle Ages and was critical as it connected Italy and the Western Empire to Greece and the Eastern Empire. They reflect on Roman figures such as Augustus and Drusus(Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus), who fought in Germania. Drusus's son, Claudius, became a highly effective emperor who brought the empire to its maximal state, establishing Londinium. The conversation shifts to modern frontier tensions: the Russian probing of the Polish border using drones and warplanes, leading to NATO intervention and British assistance. Drawing on films like The Bedford Incident, they worry about accidental catastrophe due to miscalculation. Germanicus warns that tiny NATO states like the Baltics, driven by paranoia and insecurity, are acting "spasmodically and irresponsibly" and that the United Kingdom is acting like a "rogue state" aggressively pushing for conflict, creating a dangerous situation that could plunge Russia and the West into general war. 41 AD. CLAUDIUS BEGS

The Friends of History Debating Society: Setting, Immediate Events, and Media Critique The Friends of History Debating Society convenes with Gaius (also known as John Batchelor) hosting from Londinium, specifically a wine bar he favors. Michael Vlahos participates from the "Edge of the Empire." In his persona as Germanicus, Michael Vlahos is on a mission in Dalmatia, a "slightly untamed" region that serves as "connecting tissue" between the Roman Empire's eastern and western halves, visiting fortified places like Ragusa and planning a trip to Spalato. As Dramaticus, Michael Vlahos is "traveling on the road" and is reminded by Gaius to "walk with Centurions" for protection from potentially "obsequious and violent" locals. The society's purpose is to review weekly events through a "Roman eye," with participants seeing themselves as "Roman citizens" attempting to understand and potentially "help" the 21st century, while also observing. Gaius reports on a recent visit by Michael Vlahos (in his Dramaticus persona) to the "Imperial Court," or President Trump's White House, during the sad news of Mr. Kirk'sdeath. Despite this somber event, the overall atmosphere in the Oval Office was described as "busy, positive, energetic, attractive, and working perfectly," reminiscent of Augustus's imperial court. Gaius notes that the mainstream media, committed to "hurting Trump," unanimously portrays him as a "demon," "evil force," or "another Hitler," with his followers characterized as "Nazis" or "white supremacists." This rhetoric, according to Michael Vlahos, contributed to events like Mr. Kirk's assassination. Both Gaius and Michael Vlahos find this equating of speech with violence "immature and ignorant," revealing a lack of historical understanding among those in the "blue" faction.             

#Londinium90AD: Gaius & Germanicus debate the question: Do empires need allies? Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @Michalis_Vlahos. Headline: Ancient Rome's Imperial Dilemma: Alliance Strategy in 90 AD In 90 AD Londinium, two Roman figures engage in a critical debate about imperial strategy. Gaius and Germanicusexamine whether the Roman Empire requires alliances to maintain its vast territories and growing influence. Michael Vlahos of the Friends of History Debating Society moderates this historical discussion, exploring how Rome'sapproach to partnerships with client states, tribal confederations, and regional powers shaped its longevity. The debate addresses fundamental questions about imperial overextension, the costs of military occupation versus diplomatic cooperation, and whether sustainable empire-building requires collaborative governance structures. This ancient discussion resonates with modern debates about great power competition, alliance systems, and the balance between unilateral strength and multilateral cooperation in maintaining global influence and regional stability. 1712 CAESAR

#LONDINIUM90AD: Gaius & Germanicus debate the cycle of Optimates and Populares. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @Michalis_Vlahos Headline: Roman Political Factions: The Eternal Cycle of Elite vs. Popular Power In 90 AD Londinium, Gaius and Germanicus examine the recurring political struggle between the Optimates(aristocratic party) and Populares (popular party) that defined late Republican Rome. Michael Vlahos of the Friends of History Debating Society moderates this discussion of Rome's fundamental political divide. The Optimates, representing senatorial privilege and traditional governance, consistently clashed with the Populares, who appealed directly to citizens and plebeian assemblies. This cycle saw figures like Sulla and Cato defending aristocratic interests against populist leaders like Marius, Pompey, and Caesar. The debate explores how this factional warfare ultimately destroyed the Roman Republic, leading to imperial autocracy. The discussion examines whether such political polarization represents an inevitable cycle in republican governments, questioning if elite-populist tensions doom democratic institutions to cyclical breakdown and authoritarian resolution. 1783 ABDICATION OF SULLA

1.  #LONDINIUM90AD LIVE AT 6 PM ET SUNDAY: 8/31:  GAIUS & GERMANICUS DEBATE:  The Tiberius Model: Aged Leadership and Succession in the American Empire.  Gaius and Germanicus, speaking as 1st-century Romans from Londinium, discuss the "Tiberius model" to analyze challenges in 21st-century American leadership, particularly concerning the age of leaders and succession. They note that empires, much like history, often repeat themes or "rhyme". Tiberius, despite being Augustus's successful stepson and a capable general, showed little interest in being emperor after 14 AD, eventually assigning duties to Sejanus (head of the Praetorian Guard) and retiring to an island. His later years were chaotic, and his reign was followed by disruption. Germanicus describes Tiberius as "careless and irresponsible" and narcissistic, which "played havoc with the stability of Rome". The speakers draw direct parallels to recent and current American presidents, including Joe Biden and Mr. Trump, highlighting the inherent risks of age in leadership. Historically, Romans preferred a a "young and vigorous" emperor, with older rulers like Andronicus II often leading to disaster, though Nerva served as a transitional exception. In America, they recall FDR's fourth election in 1944 as retrospectively "not responsible" due to an unfixed succession plan, leading to "great turmoil" in 1945. In contrast, successful succession planning is exemplified by Eisenhower choosing a young Richard Nixon (39 years old at the time) as his running mate, providing a vital "plan B". Gaius notes that Joe Biden's presidency represented a "Tiberius moment" not only because of his age but also due to the "aged" leadership within the Democratic Party, making Kamala Harris "as infirm a choice as was Caligula" for succession. Mr. Trump is commended for being candid about his legacy and preparing for succession, which Gaius considers "sensible and grown up". The conversation emphasizes that the U.S. has effectively become an "emperor system," where the "health of the emperor is also so directly connected to the health of the nation". This makes the age issue one of "transcendent importance," teasing out the transition to this emperor system for all to see. They also acknowledge that younger generations (Gen X, millennials, Gen Z, and the alpha generation) need to understand these critical discussions about leadership and aging.  1872 EXCAVATING ROMAN FORUM. #LONDINIUM90AD LIVE AT 6 PM ET EVERY SUNDAY: GAIUS & GERMANICUS DEBATE. FRIENDS OF HISTORY DEBATING SOCIETY. @MICHALIS_VLAHOS. PRODUCED BY CHRIS NOEL.

Deux fois par jour, la marée dévoile les rives de la Tamise, permettant à des dizaines de Londoniens de venir ratisser les plages à la recherche de vestiges archéologiques. Ces trouvailles, fortement régulées par la ville, permettent de reconstruire, collaborativement, l'histoire de la capitale britannique.   Les cloches de la cathédrale Saint-Paul de Londres retentissent au loin. Les touristes font la queue devant la Tate Modern, musée situé sur la rive opposée. La marée atteindra son point le plus bas dans une demi-heure. Alors, Carolina se fraie un chemin sur la plage de galets de Cannon Street, dotée de gants en latex et de bottes imperméables. « Ici, c'est un endroit très spécial, s'enthousiasme-t-elle, on peut trouver des restes très anciens, jusqu'à l'époque romaine, mais on n'a pas le droit de creuser. »   Ce matin-là, ils sont une poignée armés, comme elle, d'un petit seau en plastique, à ratisser du regard la rive de Tamise. Leur passion : le « mudlarking », un mot intraduisible qui décrit les fouilles archéologiques entreprises par ces Londoniens amateurs sur les bords de leur fleuve. En quelques minutes, Carolina a déjà ramassé quelques trésors : « Voyez, un fragment de céramique bleue ici, sûrement un vase. Ça, c'est un bout d'os, du temps où les bouchers jetaient leurs carcasses dans la Tamise... Et là, un morceau de pipe, mais je ne vais pas le prendre. » Il faut dire que ces longs tubes d'argile, parfois accompagnés d'une chambre à tabac entière, sont trop communs pour représenter un quelconque intérêt pour les mudlarkers expérimentés.   Le frisson de la découverte  Londonienne d'adoption depuis 20 ans, Carolina s'intéresse particulièrement aux fossiles. Sur son téléphone, elle fait défiler les photos d'oursins fossilisés trouvés près de chez elle, au sud-est de la capitale. À deux pas, une autre chercheuse, Emma, s'émerveille d'un éclat de céramique romaine... Après tout, la « City » de Londres a été construite sur les frontières de Londinium, fondée au premier siècle. Emma s'empresse de prendre une photo pour la partager sur son compte Instagram : « Je viens ici parce qu'on trouve surtout des vestiges de l'époque Tudor. J'adore trouver des pièces qui datent du règne de Henri VIII ou d'Elizabeth Ire... Je frissonne quand je pense que je suis la première personne à la toucher depuis des siècles. »   Carolina connaît bien cette excitation : « On trouve de tout, c'est vraiment une manière de reconstruire l'histoire de Londres. » Et justement, parce qu'on trouve de tout et de toutes les époques, il a fallu réguler la pratique. « Il faut un permis pour mudlarker », explique Carolina, pour qui l'attente a duré plusieurs mois. Seuls 4 000 Londoniens sont accrédités en même temps, et la liste d'attente dépasse les 10 000 noms... Les agents de la Port of London Authority (PLA) contrôlent de temps en temps. « Il n'y a pas de formation, mais on doit s'engager à respecter les différentes zones, et à déclarer ce qu'on trouve si l'objet date d'il y a plus de 300 ans », poursuit Carolina. Si la trouvaille présente un intérêt archéologique, elle se retrouve sur le bureau de Stuart Wyatt, officier des trouvailles auprès du Programme d'antiquités mobile (PAS). Le chercheur l'examine, tente de reconstituer l'histoire de l'artéfact puis le restitue au mudlarker ou recommande la transmission aux institutions culturelles... Le processus prend environ cinq mois.   Une exposition pour mettre en valeur ces trésors du fleuve... et leur face sombre  Cette année, pour la première fois, un musée londonien a prêté ses étagères aux plus belles trouvailles. En quelques mois, plusieurs milliers de curieux ont franchi les portes de Secrets of the Thames, l'exposition du Museum of London Docklands.   « Nous avons des objets qui reflètent l'histoire portuaire de Londres, comme ce cadran solaire dont les deux parties ont été trouvées à huit ans d'intervalle, détaille James Stewart, guide intarissable sur l'exposition. Beaucoup de bijoux, quelques couteaux de l'époque Tudor... La vase a permis de conserver le bois et le cuir du manche. » Dans une armoire, un œil de verre des années 1920, frappant de réalisme ; dans une autre, les médailles remportées par le tennisman Peter Fleming à Wimbledon et jetées dans la Tamise par un cambrioleur...   Le guide s'arrête devant une vitrine consacrée à l'histoire coloniale de la capitale britannique, et pointe du doigt le visage d'un homme africain sculpté dans une pipe : « Dans l'Empire, on commercialisait du tabac, du sucre, dont la production dépendait de l'esclavage. Des objets comme cette pipe sont typiques des représentations du XVIIIe siècle, déshumanisantes, comme pour justifier l'esclavage. » La pipe, qui reprend les stéréotypes de l'époque, a été trouvée aux côtés de cauris, un coquillage utilisé comme monnaie en Afrique de l'Ouest, ramené en larges quantités par les marchands coloniaux.   Les premiers mudlarkers, à l'aube du XIXe siècle, peignaient les rives de la Tamise à la recherche de morceaux de charbon, de cordes, de métaux : « Des choses qu'ils pouvaient revendre pour survivre dans le Londres de l'époque victorienne », bien loin de ces nouveaux mudlarkers en quête d'un frisson de découvertes... Mais la survie de la pratique a permis de compléter le tableau déjà très riche de l'histoire de la capitale, selon James Stewart : « Tellement de gens mudlarkent aujourd'hui. Les objets qu'ils trouvent et l'endroit où ils les trouvent permettent de comprendre à quoi ressemblait la vie de nos ancêtres, plus encore qu'un livre ou qu'un tableau puisqu'il s'agit d'objets du quotidien. »   Même s'il ne représente qu'une goutte d'eau (3%) des découvertes archéologiques nationales, le mudlarking fournit chaque année 2 000 trésors potentiels aux institutions culturelles.   À lire aussiRoyaume-Uni: la préservation du mur d'Hadrien

PREVIEW LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius & Germanicus debate the drawn-out end of Ukraine as sovereign. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos 1942 UKRAINE

PREVIEW LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius & Germanicus observe Musk challenge the emperor and his heir, Vance. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos 1672 ACTIUM

PREVIEW LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius admits to Germanicus that he had not understood before reading that the 5th century Visigoths were Romans. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos 1750 ROME

PREVIEW LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius & Germanicus debate why the 21st century intelligentsia avoids acknowledging that America is an empire in the Roman model. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos 1700 ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA

PREVIEW LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius & Germanicus praise the American emperor for a good week of dominating foe and friend, especially at the NATO summit. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos 1799 Agrippina Minor, wife and poisoner of an emperor, mother of an emperor.

PREVIEW LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius & Germanicus remark that Russia manages the Ukraine front in the way Rome managed the Danube and Rhine front with occasional extreme violence. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos 1600 SABINE WOMEN

PREVIEW LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius & Germanicus do not see much of a difference comparing US attack on BRICS and SCO member Iran and Russia's attack on EU and NATO candidate Ukraine.  Empires strike at a client of the rival. More. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos 1855 CRIMEAN WAR TATARS

PREVIEW LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius & Germanicuss observe that the Republican Party divides between the younger voters led by VPOTUS Vance and the aged boomers led by POTUS. More. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos 1981 REAGAN

LONDINIUM 90AD: Gaius and Germanicus observe that the Americans do not appear informed that the Iranians are the uncowed, unconquered Parthians of Crassus and Caesar aka Persians of Sparta and Athens -- except for Alexander 4th century BCE. More. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @michalis_vlahos

Londinium 90 AD Gaius & Germanicus compare the fourth century acclamatory Roman Senate to the twenty-first century acclamatory US Congress. Michael Vlahos Friends of History Debating Society @michalis_vlahos 1750 ROME

Londinium 90 AD Is Ukraine another fragmented Yugoslavia for Europe to pay for? Michael Vlahos Friends of History Debating Society @michalis_vlahos https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/russian-drone-fragments-set-kyiv-apartment-building-ablaze-official-says-2025-05-24/ 1941 Italian invasion of Yugoslavia

Londinium 90 AD Gaius & Germanicus weigh the Tiberius failures of extreme age with the failure of Mark Twain and Joe Biden to resist staffer manipulation in their seniority. Michael Vlahos Friends of History Debating Society @michalis_vlahos 1907 MARK TWAIN

Londinium 90 AD Gaius & Germanicus consider the choice of the Eastern Roman Empire capital, Constantinople, for peace talks. Michael Vlahos Friends of History Debating Society @michalis_vlahos 1870

Londinium 90 AD Gaius & Germanicus puzzle at the inadequacy of Emperor Tiberius, aka Joe Biden. Michael Vlahos Friends of History Debating Society @michalis_vlahos AUGUSTUS AND CLEOPATRA

Londinium 90 AD Gaius & Germanicus celebrate the poet laureate of the American Revolution, Vergil. Michael Vlahos Friends of History Debating Society @michalis_vlahos 1776 AFTER TRENTON

Eine Frau führt im Jahr 60 n.Chr. die Rebellion der Kelten gegen die römischen Besatzer in Britannien an. Boudicca feiert gibt erste Siege, das antike Londinium brennt - dann schlägt Rom zurück... Von Tobias Sauer.

#countessogbrightonandhackney

GOOD EVENING: The show begins in Hong Kong at the show trial of Jimmy Lai... 1930 Hong Kong CBS EYE ON THE WORLD WITH JOHN BATCHELOR FIRST HOUR 9-915 1/2: #HONG KONG: Jimmy Lai on trial for speaking of freedom. Mark Simon, Apple Daily (closed). @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill 915-930 2/2: #HONG KONG: Jimmy Lai on trial for advancing freedom. Mark Simon, Apple Daily (closed). @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill 930-945 #FRANCE: The Roman Empire city of Toulouse welcomes farmers. The Roman Empire City of Londinium provokes farmers. . Simon Constable 945-1000 #SPACEX: Starship No 6 test and the floating plastic banana. Bob Zimmerman BehindtheBlack.com SECOND HOUR 10-1015 #NUKES: What is the threshold? Peter Huessy, Deterrence Studies. @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill 1015-1030 #TAIWAN: Small arms to millions. Brandon Weichert, National Interest. @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill 1030-1045 #PLA: significance of China's J-35A, J-20, J-10. General Blaine Holt , USAF (retired). @GordonGChang, Gatestone, Newsweek, The Hill 1045-1100 #OPCW: Russia accused of CD gas drone dropped on Ukraine trenches. Andrea Stricker, FDD THIRD HOUR 1100-1115 #DOGE:  Poor idea, won't work -- and why.  Tom Modly, American Thinker. 1115-1130 #RUSSIA: Inflation level accelerating. Michael Bernstam, Hoover Institution 1130-1145 1/2: #PRC:  Recommendations for confronting and containing and even combatting CCP in the New Year. Peter Berkowitz, Hoover Institution. 1145-1200 2/2: #PRC:  Recommendations for confronting and containing and even combatting CCP in the New Year. Peter Berkowitz, Hoover Institution. FOURTH HOUR 12-1215 1/2: #HOTEL MARS :The end of SLS? Eric Berger Ars Technica. David Livingston SpaceShow.com 1215-1230 2/2: #HOTEL MARS :The end of SLS? Eric Berger Ars Technica. David Livingston SpaceShow.com 1230-1245 1/2: #RUSSIA: Abkhazia and the Black Sea railroad link to Eurasia. Ekaterina Zolotova, @GPFutures. 1245-100 AM 2/2: #RUSSIA: Abkhazia and the Black Sea railroad link to Eurasia. Ekaterina Zolotova, @GPFutures.p

#FRANCE: The Roman Empire City of Toulouse welcomes farmers. The Roman Empire City of Londinium provokes farmers. . Simon Constable, Occitanie 1911 Agrippina MInor

PREVIEW: LONDINIUM 90 AD: Using historical parallels, Michael Vlahos presents Gaius and Germanicus debating a timeless question - the balance between private ambition and imperial authority, with modern resonance to Musk's rise. Friends of History Debating Society. 1900 Rome

PREVIEW: LONDINIUM 90 AD: Historian Michael Vlahos examines a critical Roman debate - how the Teutoburg Forest disaster 80 years earlier shaped imperial thinking about Rome's expansion limits. Friends of History Debating Society presents Gaius and Germanicus in reflection. 1872 Excavating the Roman Forum

IRON CHANGED EVERYTHING: 5/8: A Rome of One's Own: The Forgotten Women of the Roman Empire  by  Emma Southon  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Rome-Ones-Own-Forgotten-Empire/dp/1419760181/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= The history of Rome has long been narrow and one-sided, essentially a history of “the Doing of Important Things.” And as far as Roman historians have been concerned, women don't make that history. From Romulus through the political stab-fest of the late Republic, and then on to all the emperors, Roman historians may deign to give you a wife or a mother to show how bad things become when women get out of control, but history is more than that. Emma Southon's A Rome of One's Own is the best kind of correction. This is a retelling of the history of Rome with all the things Roman history writers relegate to the background, or designate as domestic, feminine, or worthless. This is a history of women who caused outrage, led armies in rebellion, wrote poetry; who lived independently or under the thumb of emperors. Told with humor and verve as well as a deep scholarly background, A Rome of One's Own highlights women overlooked and misunderstood, and through them offers a fascinating and groundbreaking chronicle of the ancient world 1737 LONDINIUM

IRON CHANGED EVERYTHING: 4/8: A Rome of One's Own: The Forgotten Women of the Roman Empire  by  Emma Southon  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Rome-Ones-Own-Forgotten-Empire/dp/1419760181/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= The history of Rome has long been narrow and one-sided, essentially a history of “the Doing of Important Things.” And as far as Roman historians have been concerned, women don't make that history. From Romulus through the political stab-fest of the late Republic, and then on to all the emperors, Roman historians may deign to give you a wife or a mother to show how bad things become when women get out of control, but history is more than that. Emma Southon's A Rome of One's Own is the best kind of correction. This is a retelling of the history of Rome with all the things Roman history writers relegate to the background, or designate as domestic, feminine, or worthless. This is a history of women who caused outrage, led armies in rebellion, wrote poetry; who lived independently or under the thumb of emperors. Told with humor and verve as well as a deep scholarly background, A Rome of One's Own highlights women overlooked and misunderstood, and through them offers a fascinating and groundbreaking chronicle of the ancient world 1682 LONDINIUM

IRON CHANGED EVERYTHING:  3/8: A Rome of One's Own: The Forgotten Women of the Roman Empire  by  Emma Southon  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/Rome-Ones-Own-Forgotten-Empire/dp/1419760181/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= The history of Rome has long been narrow and one-sided, essentially a history of “the Doing of Important Things.” And as far as Roman historians have been concerned, women don't make that history. From Romulus through the political stab-fest of the late Republic, and then on to all the emperors, Roman historians may deign to give you a wife or a mother to show how bad things become when women get out of control, but history is more than that. Emma Southon's A Rome of One's Own is the best kind of correction. This is a retelling of the history of Rome with all the things Roman history writers relegate to the background, or designate as domestic, feminine, or worthless. This is a history of women who caused outrage, led armies in rebellion, wrote poetry; who lived independently or under the thumb of emperors. Told with humor and verve as well as a deep scholarly background, A Rome of One's Own highlights women overlooked and misunderstood, and through them offers a fascinating and groundbreaking chronicle of the ancient world 1569 LONDINIUM

PREVIEW: RUSSIA: BRITAIN Conversation with colleague Anatol Lieven of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft regarding how Russia could retaliate against Britain for Storm Shadow strikes inside Russia without risking Article 5. More details tonight. 1737 Londinium

In the early 5th century AD, after almost four centuries of iron-fisted Roman rule, the empire in Britain was beginning to fade. Franks, Saxons and Roman usurpers were running rampant. Britannia was on its last legs and in 410 AD, the Britons were told to ‘look to their own defences'.However the story of the fall of Roman Britain is far more complex than the traditional tale of swift Roman withdrawal. In today's episode of The Ancients, Tristan Hughes is joined by Dr Rob Collins and Dr James to journey from Londinium to Hadrians Wall and unpick the ultimate fate of Roman Britannia.Presented by Tristan Hughes. Edited by Aidan Lonergan. The producer is Joseph Knight, the senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.The Ancients is a History Hit podcast.Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original TV documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Sign up HERE for 50% off your first 3 months using code ‘ANCIENTS'. https://historyhit.com/subscriptionYou can take part in our listener survey here.

Ex periodiciis hebdomadariis ad 18 VIII 2024. ‘NUNTII IN LINGUA LATINA’ ‘IN LINGUA LATINA ET ANGLICA’ ‘AUDIS’! IN CIVITATIBUS FOEDERATAE AMERICAE. TRANSLATIONES A CASANDRA FREIRE SUNT. 'ARIZONA ET MISSURIA'. 'ABORTI IURUM SUFFRAGIA': ['haec hebdomas' 'petitio rata mensurae suffragiae aborti iurum' 'in utroque Arizona et Missuria iussa est']. // 'VASINGTONIA'. ['IMPULSU [HARRIS, 'undequinquagesima praeses vicarial Civitatum Foederatarum']: ['Minus quam post mensem' 'Joe Biden' 'denuntiavit [se rorantem e contentionem praesidentiali civitatum foederatarum'], ['inde patet'] [ 'democratae' 'iter convertunt']. ['New York Times editum' 'demonstravit Kamala Harris Donald Trump ducendo per quinquaginta centesima ad quadraginta sex centesima in tribus civitatibus'] ['ubi Biden ligatum vel trahens fuerat']: [Visconsinia, Pennsilvania et Michigania]. // NOVUM EBORACUM "TEXTGATE" SCANDALUM: ['Tres decani Universitatis Columbiae' 'ante hebdomadam abdicarunt'] ['postquam nuntii ingrata miserunt' ] [cum 'iudaici loquentium' 'curam de praeiudicio in campo expresserunt' ]. // OECONOMIA: ['Inflatio monetalis annuae Civitatum Foederatarum' 'ad dos punctum novem centesimas descendit in mense Iulio'], ['primum infra tres centesimas cum Martii duomilia vigintiuno fuit']. DE BELLO ISRAËLIANO-HAMASIANO ANNI DOMINI BIS MILESIMO VICESIMO TERTIO ET QUARTO. ‘CIVITATES FOEDERATAE AMERICAE’ ‘NAVEM SUBMARINAM’ [DUM CONTENTIO AUGMENTANT ] ‘MITTUNT’ {De syntaxe: orationem secundariam temporalem cum coniuctione ‘dum’ ATTENDE}. // ‘IN GAZA, IN PALAESTINA’. ‘ASSULTUS CUM MISSILIBUS’ ‘CONTRA SCHOLAM’ ‘CENTUM MORTUOS’ ‘PROVOCAT’. IN BRITANNIARUM REGNO. UNITED KINGDOM. TRANSLATIONES AB ALISSA SOUSA SUNT. Multae dena milia hominum Londinii, Belfasti, Edimburgi, aliisque in urbibus per Britanniam septimana proxima convenerunt ut contra pessimos tumultus extremistarum dextrorum, quos patria his decenniis vidit, protestarentur. // Londinium. Inflatio iterum crescit: Celeritas qua pretia consumptorum augentur hoc anno primum acceleravit. Index pretiorum consumptorum (Ce Pe I) mense Iulio anno pro anno (Y o Y) duo puncta duo centesimas centesimae crevit, ex duobus centesimis centesimae mense praeterito. IN HIBERNIA. ‘IN COMITATO DUBLINENSIS’. [‘UNIONIS EUROPEAE REGIONES NOVEM’ “MUSK SOCIETAS LUCRATIVA ‘EX-A-I’” [‘QUONIAM PRIVATA DATA EX ‘X’ ‘USUS FUIT’] ‘PETUNT’] {De syntaxe: orationem secundariam causalem, cum verbo in modo indicativo, et cum coniuctione ‘quoniam’ ATTENDE}. IN UCRÁINA. ‘UCRAINAE INCURSO MAGNA’ ‘IN KURSK IN RUSSIAM’ ‘NOVITAS’ ‘IN BELLO INTER UCRAINAM ET RUSSIAM’ ‘EST’. IN IRANIA. IN IRAN. ‘MAHOMETUS GIAVAD ZARIFV, IRANIAE VICEPRAESIDENS PRO STRATEGEMA,’ ‘DIMITIT’. IN IAPONIA. ‘KISHIDA FUMIO, PRIMUS MINISTER IAPONIAE’ ‘DIMISIONEM SUAM’ ‘A IAPONIAE FACTIONE LIBERALI DEMOCRATICA PRAESIDENTIAM’ ‘ADNUNTIAVIT’. [‘HOC’ ‘IMPLICAT’ [‘QUOD A PRAESIDE MINSTRORUM DIMITENDUM EST’] ] {De syntaxe: orationem secundariam relativam cum verbo in modo indicativo ut obiectum explanans ATTENDE. Etiam coniuctionem ‘quod’ habet} // ‘IN TOKIO’. ‘IAPONIA’ ‘PRIMUM MONITIONEM DE MAGNO TERRAE MOTU’ ‘EDIDIT’. IN BRASILIA. ‘IN VINHEDO, BRASILIA,’ ‘CALAMITAS VEHICULI AERIS’ ‘FUIT’. SEXAGINTA DUAE PERSONAE MORTUI FUERUNT. IN INDIA. ‘IN CALCUTTA, INDIA,’ ‘CENTENA MILIA MEDICI’ ‘IN OPERISTITIO’ ‘SUNT’. IN THAILANDIA. [‘THAILANDIAE TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONALE’ ‘DISSOLUTIONEM’ ‘EX FACTIONE POLITICA POPULARISSIMA’ ‘IMPERAVIT’ [‘QUIA’ ‘REFORMATIONEM’ ‘CONTRA LEGEM LAESAE MAIESTATIS’ ‘PROMISIT’] ] {De syntaxe: orationem secundariam causalem, cum verbo in modo indicativo, et cum coniuctione ‘quia’ ATTENDE} // ‘THAILANDIAE TRIBUNAL CONSTITUIONALE’ ‘PRIMUM MINISTRUM’ DIMITIIT. IN BIRMANIA. ‘IN BIRMANIA,’ ‘PLUS QUAM DUECENTAE PERSONAE’ ‘IN AGRESSIO CUM AEROPLANIS NON GUBERNATIS’ ‘MORTUIR FUERUNT’. IN BLANGLADESA. ‘INTERIM REGIMINIS CAPUT’ ‘IN BANGLADESA’ ‘IAM EST’. IN AFRICAE CONTINENS. ‘IN AFRICAE CONTINENS’ ‘DISCRIMEN’ ‘DE VALETUDINE’ ‘EM-VARIOLA’ ‘ADVENTURUS EST’. ‘NUNTII IN LINGUA LATINA’ ‘IN LINGUA LATINA, ANGLICA ET ITALICA’ ‘AUDIS’! IN EUROPA. TRANSLATIO A FERNANDA SOLÍS EST. Fluctus calorum in Europa quinquaginta milia personae exanimaverunt annotinae: Tempestas calefacta contaminatione elemento carboni quinquaginta milia personae exanimaverunt annotinae, cum continente calens velocior quam alteris partibus mundi continuat, studia scientiam comprehenderunt. IN OCEANO. ‘OCEANI TEMPERATURAE’ ‘MAGNUM SCOPULUM CURALII’ ‘IN AUSTRALIA’ ‘MINATUR’. ‘NUNTII IN LINGUA LATINA’ ‘IN LINGUA LATINA, ANGLICA ET GALLICA’ ‘AUDIS’! ISRAEL ET HAMAS. ISRAEL AND HAMAS. ISRAËL-HAMAS. ‘HAMAS’ ‘IN PACTO PRO PACE’ ‘NON PARTICIPABIT’. IN ORIENTE MEDIO. ‘AD BELLUM REGIONALEM’ ‘IN ORIENTE MEDIO’ ‘CONVERTIMUS?’ // ‘HAMAS’ ‘DUCEM NOVUM’ ‘HABET’. [‘YAHYA SINWAR’ ‘NOMEN EIUS’ ‘EST’] ET [PROXIMUS ‘AD IRANIAM’ ‘EST’] {De syntaxe: orationes coordinatas VIDETE}. IN VENETIOLA. ‘VENETIOLA’ ‘DICTATURA’ ‘FACTUM IRI’. IN BANGLADESIA. IN BREVIUS TEMPUS QUAM MENSIS, ‘MOTUS SCHOLARIUM’ ‘PRIMUM MINISTRUM’ ‘SHEIKH HASINA’ ‘DEIECIT’. // BANGLADESH. LA FIN D’UNE DÉRIVE AUTORITAIRE. ‘NUNTII IN LINGUA LATINA’ ‘IN LINGUA LATINA, ANGLICA ET HISPANICA’ ‘AUDIS’! IN HISPANIA. ‘PUIGDEMONT’ ‘SEMETIPSTUM’ ‘AD IUSTITIAM’ ‘NON TRADET’. IN MEXICO. TRANSLATIONES A SAID RAYMUNDO DELGADO SUNT. ‘IMPUTATIONES PENDENTES SUNT A ‘RAPTUS’ AMERICAE.’ MEXICO EXEGIT RESPONSIONES AMERICAE HAC HEBDOMADE, DE DETENTIONIBUS RECENTIBUS ISMAELO 'EL MAYO' ZAMBADA, QUOD IN SINALOA PRINCIPUS MEDICAMENTI STUPEFACTIVORUM EST, ET JOAQUINO GUZMÁN LÓPEZ QUI FILIUS PRINCIPI CAPTANTIS JOAQUINO ‘EL CHAPO' GUZMÁN EST. // PRAESENS MEXICIS, ANDREAS MANUEL LÓPEZ OBRADOR, SUGGERIT SUSPENDERE CONVERSATIONES CUM SUIS ANALOGIS BRASILIAE ET COLOMBIAE, QUAE INTENDENT URGERE VENETIOLAM, ET PRO EODEM CONSEQUI PUBLICATIONEM EVENTI DISPUTATORUM SUFFRAGIORUM PRAESIDIS. IN VENETIOLA. [‘NICOLAUS MADURO, VENETIOLAE PRAESES,’ “ACCESSUM AD ‘X’” ‘PER SEPTEM DIES’ ‘CLAUDIT’ [‘QUIA ODIUM ADHORTATUS ESSET’] {De syntaxe: orationem secundariam causalem, cum verbo in modo indicativo, et cum coniuctione ‘quoniam’ ATTENDE}. // ‘IN CARACIS’. ‘NICOLAUS MADURO, VENETIOLAE PRAESES,’ ‘HAC SEPTIMANA’ ‘ASSULTUS CONTRA OPOSITIONEM’ ‘CONTINUAVIT’. // ‘IN CARACIS’. [‘CIVITATES FOEDERATAE AMERICAE’ [‘SI’ NICOLAUS MADURO ABDICIT’,] ‘AMNESTIAM’ ‘AD MADURO’ ‘OFFERT’] {De syntaxe: orationem secundariam conditionalem ATTENDE}. IN ARGENTINA. [‘FABIOLA YAÑEZ, ANTIQUOR ARGENTINAE PRIMAE DOMINA’, ‘DECLARAVIT’ [‘QUOD ALBERTUS FERNÁNDEZ PRIOR MARITUS SUUS’ ‘EAM’ ‘ABUSUS ERAT’] ] {De syntaxe: orationem secundariam relativam cum verbo in modo indicativo ut obiectum explanans ATTENDE}. Si Nuntii in Lingua Latina traductor esse VOLUERIS, quaeso litteram electronicam ad lpesquera@up.edu.mx MITTAS’. If you would like to collaborate as a translator in Nuntii in Lingua Latina, please send an email to lpesquera@up.edu.mx

The Story of London returns with England slipping into a huge war with Scotland (and Wales, oh and France) and the circumstances behind this. In London we see the circumstances behind the rising of Charing Cross (and its sister Cheapside Cross) and the city continue under the Wardens, but we also have Vikings (no, honestly, they still around), 4 year old Scottish queens, Gascony pirates, and why someone fortified the Savoy. All of this and more…

We Are The Knight Ep #172: Batman 66 -  The Londinium Trilogy Welcome back to We Are The Knight: The Batman Podcast! This time Phil and Lilith review The Londinium trilogy from Batman 66 season 3 episodes 11, 12 and 13 featuring Batman, Robin, and Batgirl traveling overseas to Londinium to battle new foes Lord Ffogg and Lady Peasoup. PLUS: reviews of NEW issues Batman & Robin #7, Batman & Dylan Dog #1, Red Hood: The Hill #2 and MORE!   Tune in today and don't forget to review the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube, and anywhere else you can!     We Are The Knight's Links  → Twitter https://twitter.com/TheBatmanPodcst → Instagram https://www.instagram.com/clsidekicks → Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TheBatmanPodcst → YouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/CapesandLunatics   ==================  

Eine Frau führt im Jahr 60 n.Chr. die Rebellion der Kelten gegen die römischen Besatzer in Britannien an. Boudicca feiert gibt erste Siege, das antike Londinium brennt - dann schlägt Rom zurück... Von Tobias Sauer.

In italiano alcune città estere vengono chiamate con il proprio nome originale (New York, San Francisco, Madrid...), mentre altre vengono tradotte (London --> Londra, Paris --> Parigi, New Delhi --> Nuova Delhi) e così via. Esiste una regola per sapere quali nomi tradurre e quali nomi lasciare invariati? Non proprio... In ogni caso... Facciamo chiarezza! I NOMI delle CITTÀ ESTERE in ITALIANO In questo articolo parleremo delle ragioni per cui i nomi di alcune città estere sono rimasti invariati e per quali motivi altri invece sono stati tradotti! Come dicevamo, non c'è una vera e propria regola che determina quali tradurre (e quali no), ma ci si basa su consuetudini legate a motivi storici o pratici. Ragioni principali per cui i nomi di alcune città sono stati tradotti: 1. Il Latino Prima di tutto, bisogna dire che l'italiano, insieme ad altre lingue romanze, ha chiaramente subito l'influenza del latino. Di conseguenza, ha ereditato in gran parte l'etimologia latina anche per i nomi delle città, che sono rimasti pressoché invariati nella forma finale.Ad esempio, la forma Lutetia Parisiorum (antico nome di Parigi nell'opera di Cesare Il De Bello Gallico) si è successivamente trasformata in Parigi: l'influenza è notevole, nonostante alcune modifiche a livello fonetico.Stessa cosa vale anche per Barcellona, che deriva dal latino Barcinone(m).Anche Londra era già nota ai latini come Londinium, anche se in questo caso l'adattamento italiano si è un po' allontanato dalla versione latina originale, probabilmente per come è stato con il tempo trasmesso oralmente dalle persone. 2. La storia più recente e il fascismo Cosa è successo invece nella storia più recente? In linea di massima, tutti i nomi di città e Paesi con cui l'Italia aveva avuto contatti nel corso della storia venivano adattati alle norme fono-morfologiche italiane. Questo perché nel passato non era comune l'idea di “apertura” alle lingue straniere, pochi le parlavano e quindi, quando bisognava menzionare delle città straniere (perché avevano relazioni con l'Italia), venivano tradotte o adattate, per renderle più comprensibili e pronunciabili dai parlanti madrelingua. Questa pratica è rimasta in vigore fino al Novecento, e in particolare si è rafforzata durante il periodo fascista con la sua forte impronta nazionalista. Nello specifico, a partire dal luglio del 1923, Mussolini aveva eliminato l'insegnamento bilingue nelle scuole slovene e aveva modificato la denominazione dei luoghi di gran parte del nord Italia, proprio per eliminare completamente le parole non italiane nei nomi di città, tra le altre cose. Per esempio, vocaboli come “film” (che divenne “pellicola”) o “sandwich” (che si trasformò in “tramezzino”) hanno subito la stessa sorte in quel periodo. Proprio per tutto questo, abbiamo situazioni come: Colonia ma Dortmund in Germania, Nizza ma Cannes in Francia, Edimburgo ma Glasgow in Scozia. Potete facilmente intuire, tra queste coppie, quale delle due avesse più rapporti con l'Italia. 3. Mancanza di caratteri In altri casi, si ricorre alla traduzione (o all'adattamento) a causa della mancanza di certi caratteri originali del nome straniero all'interno dell'alfabeto italiano. Questo è il caso del nome Copenaghen, ad esempio, che è un'adattamento di København. È evidente che, in questo caso, la ragione è la mancanza di certe lettere dell'alfabeto danese in italiano. Per questo motivo, si è adattata la forma danese alle esigenze italiane, pur senza allontanarsi troppo dalla forma originale. 4. L'inglese I toponimi (= nomi di luoghi) anglo-americani, invece, restano principalmente nella forma originale. Perché? Per varie ragioni… Sicuramente perché molte di loro sono state fondate abbastanza recentemente. E poi per via della sempre più grande diffusione dell'inglese in Italia. È il caso di città come Sydney, Washington, Chicago,

AD.60 and Brittania is in chaos. Boudica has had a taste of victory against the formidable veteransin Camulodunum and she won't stop now. How will Roman heroes Macro and Cato fare againstthe notorious Queen of the Britons?A quick response to the rapidly advancing rebel forces, Governor Suetonius takes command leadinghis army to the besieged Londinium with prefect Cato and a mounted escort in tow.The grim reality of Britannia slipping deeper into chaos and hysteria becomes unmistakable as tribalwarriors continue to swell the ranks of Boudica's forces. Both Cato and Suetonius confront thesobering truth that minimal preparations have been made to confront a full-scale insurrection.Meanwhile, in Londinium, a heart-wrenching revelation unfolds. Centurion Macro is among thosemissing following the Camulodunum massacre. Has Cato's loyal comrade, who has faced countlessbattles, met his ultimate challenge? As disaster looms, Cato readies himself for the next strategicmove. Can he dare to hope that Macro, marked by battle and unflinching courage, has managed toevade these bloodthirsty rebels?In this pivotal military campaign, Cato knows that only one man he trusts stands beside him, and thefate of the Empire in Britannia hangs in the balance.About the author of 'Rebellion': Born in Nigeria and educated in the UK, Scarrow's multicultural background has enriched his storytelling, allowing him to bring historical eras to life with a unique perspective.Simon Scarrow is a Sunday Times No.1 bestselling author who has spent his life travelling the worldand telling stories and he now lives in Mauritius with his wife. His books have sold over 5 millioncopies and include his Eagles of the Empire novels featuring Roman soldiers Macro and Cato, mostrecently DEATH TO THE EMPEROR, THE HONOUR OF ROME, THE EMPEROR'S EXILE and TRAITORS OFROME, as well as DEAD OF NIGHT and BLACKOUT, the first two novels in the Criminal InspectorSchenke thriller series, and many more. 12 of his Eagles of the Empire novels have been SundayTimes bestsellers and REBELLION marks no.22 of Simon's Eagles of the Empire Novels.For terms of use, please visit www.versushistory.com

Season 2 Episode 3 What's up Dock?   After the simplest of pickups the crew of the Showstopper must figure out how to proceed minus their Captain. Doc Cheevs flashes back to an awkward moment and Muffin has a brief showdown with the Dock Master of Londinium.  Now to the drop off, I'm sure that will be equally simple.   Theme song by Andy Calabrese, www.andycalabrese.com   Additional Music: “Divine Comedy” by Oh the City, “Timewind” by Ted Beattie Licensed through  www.epidemicsound.com   Thanks to our patrons: Jillian & John Christensen, Suzanne Bell, Brad Cradock, Mario Savastano, and Caitlin Thompson

After the Queen, her daughters and her people were brutalized by the invading Roman army, Queen Boudica rose up to lead the Iceni and the neighboring Celtic tribes in rebellion. They burned three cities to the ground including the Roman Capital, Londinium before being defeated by the Roman army. Join me every Tuesday when I'm Spilling the Tea on History! Check out my Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/lindsayholiday Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100091781568503 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyteatimelindsayholiday/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@historyteatime Please consider supporting me at https://www.patreon.com/LindsayHoliday and help me make more fascinating episodes! Intro Music: Baroque Coffee House by Doug Maxwell Music: Folk Round by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100357 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Angevin - Thatched Villagers by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) #HistoryTeaTime #LindsayHoliday Please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Glorious Free Republic of Yorkshire is the mightiest new nation state that emerged a few decades ago from the troubled era that was early 21st century Britain. In this episode there's a visit to Yorkshire's largest wind farm. Gil Pierce's elite swamp mongrel breeding stable and an exclusive chat with King Brent of Londinium. All the (government approved) info and entertainment you could possibly want, packed into one show. (This episode features David Green, Dr Ron Harvey, Francesca Reid and Robert Frimston)

Photo: No known restrictions on publication. 1958 East Berlin @Batchelorshow #Londinium90AD:Gaius and Germanicus debate that London (two millennium after Londinium) says the Belarus Front may soon open. Michael Vlahos. #FriendsofHistoryDebatingSociety https://news.yahoo.com/belarus-leader-says-situation-escalating-000429157.html

In 43 AD, the Romans set up temporary forts along the banks of a river to wait for their Emperor, Claudius, to march onto the enemy capital of Camulodunum (Colchester), and eventually conquer Britain. The river was the River Thames. At the time, it was an area of marshy low-lying land, mostly composed of little islands. A far cry from the wall enclaved mercantile seat of authority it would become.In today's episode, Tristan is joined by Professor Dominc Perring, Director of the UCL Centre for Applied Archaeology, to discuss what the archaeology and history can tell us about the rise and fall of Roman Britain's capital, Londinium.For more Ancients content, subscribe to our Ancients newsletter here. If you'd like to learn even more, we have hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and audiobooks at History Hit - subscribe today!For your chance to win 5 Historical Non-Fiction Books (including a signed copy of Dan Snow's On This Day in History), please fill out this short survey. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.