Podcasts about Roman Forum

Beppe, a native Italian, started his journey in active travel over two decades ago and, with the help of his wife Heather, co-founded Tourissimo, one of the top adventure travel companies in Italy. With years of expertise designing cycling and adventure tours across all 20 regions of Italy, Beppe and Heather have the inside scoop on the most authentic and unforgettable experiences Italy has to offer.So grab your espresso (or a glass of vino Italiano), and let's explore Italy region by region!Northern Italy: Adventure, Culture, and Alpine BeautyLombardy (Lombardia)Running along the Swiss border, Lombardy is Italy's largest and wealthiest region—a land of striking contrasts and cultural riches. Home to nearly 10 million people, Lombardy contains 12 of Italy's largest cities: Milan, Bergamo, Brescia, Como, Mantua, Pavia, Cremona, Lecco, Lodi, Monza, Sondrio, and Varese. The region blends modern sophistication with old-world charm, from the fashion capital and bustling metropolis of Milan to the serene, postcard-perfect landscapes of Lake Como.Lombardy is dotted with some of Italy's most beloved lakes, including Lake Maggiore, Lake Como, Lake Garda, Lake Iseo, Lake Idro, and many more. Picturesque villages like Bellagio offer sun-drenched escapes along Lake Como's shores, while the medieval towns of Bergamo and Mantova enchant visitors with cobblestone streets, sweeping views, and centuries of history.Culinary lovers will be spoiled for choice with Lombardy's 60 Michelin-starred restaurants—3 with three stars, 6 with two stars, and 51 with one star. Be sure to savor the region's iconic Risotto alla Milanese, a creamy saffron-infused dish that's a local staple. Wine enthusiasts won't want to miss a glass of Franciacorta, Italy's sparkling answer to Champagne.November is a wonderful time to visit, with cooler temperatures and fewer tourists. It's also the perfect season to explore Lombardy's slice of the Alps, where charming mountain towns await nestled among the peaks. For an unforgettable adventure, consider attending the 2025 Winter Olympics, which will be held in Milan-Cortina d'Ampezzo!Tourissimo Tip– If you are flying into Milan, select the correct airport because Milan has two airports! For info, check out the following Tourissimo blog: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/avoid-this-common-travel-mistake-know-milans-two-airportsVenetoVeneto, the birthplace of Prosecco, Polenta, and the iconic Spritz, is a region rich in charm, culture, and culinary delights. Stretching from the Italian Riviera to the Venetian Pre-Alps and the stunning Dolomites, Veneto is home to both natural beauty and historic towns. Its capital, the enchanting floating city of Venice, is world-famous for its canals, gondolas, labyrinthine streets, and undeniable romance.Each of Venice's islands offers something special: admire the colorful houses of Burano, renowned for its lace-making traditions; visit Murano, celebrated for its centuries-old glassblowing artistry; and soak up the peaceful atmosphere of Torcello. Exploring these islands by vaporetto (water bus) offers a quieter, more authentic glimpse into Venetian life. Tourissimo Tip–For a few more suggestions, check out Tourissimo's blog on the Venetian Lagoon: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/our-favorite-destinations-in-the-venetian-lagoonBeyond Venice, Veneto boasts a treasure trove of picturesque towns. Verona, Padua, Vicenza, and Asolo each offer their own distinct history and beauty. Visit Castelfranco Veneto for a charming escape or head to Bardolino to enjoy a boat ride on Italy's largest lake, Lago di Garda. Stroll the waterfront in Castelletto sul Garda or circle the freshwater moat of Cittadella, a red-brick medieval town full of character.In the countryside, the hills of Prosecco promise stunning vineyard views, while the medieval town of Montagnana offers a taste of the past. Nature lovers can visit the volcanic Euganean Hills in Este, and cheese lovers shouldn't miss the small town of Asiago, home to one of Italy's most famous cheeses.Veneto's culinary scene shines with 34 Michelin-starred restaurants—2 with three stars, 3 with two stars, and 29 with one star. Indulge in local specialties like Bigoli in Salsa, a hearty Venetian pasta with anchovy sauce, and toast with a glass of Prosecco, Grappa, or the regional favorite, the Select Spritz. And don't forget—Venetians love to celebrate, so let loose and join the party!Tourissimo Tips–Another fun suggestion is Veneto Marostica, the City of Chess, where they do a living chess match with hundreds of people dressed in medieval costumes every two years: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/marostica-the-city-of-chessPiedmont (Piemonte)Nestled at the foot of the Alps and bordered on three sides by the Mediterranean Sea, Piedmont is one of Italy's most underrated gems. With a diverse landscape that offers adventure and beauty year-round, this region is perfect for both winter skiing and summer hiking and biking, thanks to its stunning Alpine scenery.But Piedmont isn't just about breathtaking views—it's steeped in rich history and cultural significance. As the first capital of Italy, it boasts grand palaces, remarkable art, and sacred relics like the famed Shroud of Turin. The capital city of Turin is a vibrant hub, home to Europe's largest outdoor food market and the monthly Gran Balon flea market, a haven for vintage and antique lovers.Venture beyond the city and you'll discover a region bursting with charm and flavor. Tour the Langhe Hills, a paradise for vineyard visits, and sample Bagna Cauda, a warm anchovy and garlic dip beloved by locals. Wander the lakeside town of Stresa on Lake Maggiore, or stroll the cobbled streets of Neive, where views of rolling hills and storybook cottages create an unforgettable setting. In Asti, you can witness the September medieval horse races and visit the majestic Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta e San Gottardo. For a true fairy-tale escape, head to Macugnaga in the valley of Monte Rosa, a perfect base for both skiing and hiking. And just outside of Turin lies the hidden gem of Lake Orta, a peaceful retreat away from the crowds.Piedmont's culinary scene is just as spectacular. With 35 Michelin-starred restaurants—2 with three stars, 3 with two stars, and 30 with one star—the region is a paradise for food lovers. Dine in Alba during white truffle season (September to January), and savor iconic regional dishes like Agnolotti del Plin and Coniglio Arrosto. Wine enthusiasts will be in heaven here—Piedmont is the land of Barolo, the "king of wines," and Barbaresco, two of Italy's most prestigious reds.Tourissimo Tips:Piedmont is home to the Slow Food movement: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/why-piedmont-is-renowned-for-its-slow-foodTourissimo Tip–Check out this blog for a guide to a day of eating in Turin: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/a-day-of-eating-in-turinTourissimo Tip–One of the Best Meals of Your Life will be at the Piazza Duomo in Alba!Emilia-RomagnaLocated in central Italy along the Adriatic coast, Emilia-Romagna is a vibrant and diverse region known for its perfect blend of “slow food” and “fast cars.” This area is considered both the culinary and automotive capital of Italy, offering rich traditions, warm hospitality, and unforgettable experiences.Food lovers will be in heaven here. Emilia-Romagna is the birthplace of iconic Italian delicacies such as Mortadella, Tortellini in Brodo, Parmigiano-Reggiano, Prosciutto di Parma, traditional Balsamic Vinegar, Lambrusco, and egg-based fresh pastas like lasagna, tortellini, and tagliatelle. A visit to Parma lets you savor authentic Parmigiano-Reggiano and world-class Prosciutto, as well as enjoy the elegant Teatro Regio opera house.The region also has a need for speed—it's home to legendary automotive brands like Ferrari, Lamborghini, and Maserati. For car enthusiasts, the Ferrari Museum in Modena is a must-see. Emilia-Romagna even has a dedicated cycling tourism office, and in summer 2023, it played host to several stages of the Tour de France, which began in nearby Florence.Beyond the food and cars, Emilia-Romagna offers a range of enchanting destinations. The capital city of Bologna is known for its Piazza Maggiore, the Two Towers, and the scenic Santuario Madonna di San Luca. In Ravenna, marvel at the dazzling, colorful mosaics and the historic San Vitale Basilica. Along the coast, vibrant seaside resorts like Cervia, Cesenatico, and Rimini create a lively, carnival-like party atmosphere from late May through September. For a more peaceful experience, explore the medieval gem of Brisighella, a lesser-known treasure full of charm.When it comes to fine dining, Emilia-Romagna doesn't disappoint. The region boasts 24 Michelin-starred restaurants, including one three-star, three two-star, and twenty one-star establishments. Visitors are often struck by the warmth and generosity of the locals—some of the most hospitable people in Italy—who express their love through exceptional food and outstanding service.Tourissimo Tips:Did you know that there is a whole other country within Emilia Romagna? https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/san-marino-the-other-small-country-within-italyTourissimo Tip–Pietra di Bismantova was an inspiration for Dante: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/pietra-di-bismantova-the-inspiration-for-dantes-purgatoryTourissimo Tip–You can cross the Rubicon: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/crossing-the-rubiconTrentino-South TyrolNestled along Italy's northern border with Switzerland, Trentino–South Tyrol is a stunning mountainous region that blends Italian and Austrian influences, making it a top destination for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. With its striking Alpine scenery, exceptional cuisine, and rich cultural duality, this region offers the best of both worlds.The South Tyrol capital, Bolzano, is renowned for having the highest quality of life in Italy, combining the clean, efficient infrastructure often associated with Germany with the flavorful food and spirited lifestyle of Italian culture.Outdoor adventurers will be captivated by the Dolomites, with their dramatic limestone peaks—ideal for hiking, skiing, and breathtaking vistas. Don't miss the Alpe di Siusi, Europe's largest Alpine meadow, which is especially stunning in spring and summer. Explore shimmering Lake Garda and uncover the region's medieval past through spectacular castles like Schloss Tirol, Castel Roncolo, and Castel d'Appiano.Tourissimo Tip–An off-the-beaten-path outdoor paradise can be found in the Alps of Trentino. Check out the Val di Sole. This is one of the areas that Beppe and Heather regularly go to on their personal vacations in Italy: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/the-wild-dolomitesThe culinary offerings here reflect the region's unique blend of cultures. Traditional dishes range from Bratwurst and Goulash to Italian-style pastas with hearty meats like deer. Foodies should try Speck, a savory smoked ham, perfectly paired with a glass of Gewürztraminer, a fragrant white wine native to the area. The region also produces excellent white wines and lighter reds that pair beautifully with its alpine cuisine.When it comes to fine dining, Trentino–South Tyrol excels with 33 Michelin-starred restaurants, including three three-star, five two-star, and twenty-five one-star establishments, making it one of Italy's most impressive gourmet regions.LiguriaLocated along Italy's rugged northwestern coastline, Liguria—also known as the Italian Riviera—boasts dramatic cliffs, colorful seaside villages, and incredible culinary traditions. The region is best known for the five picturesque villages of Cinque Terre, as well as the glamorous resort towns of Portofino and Santa Margherita Ligure.Tourissimo Tip– If you visit the Cinque Terre, don't forget to look up, and hike up away from the crowds to see the heroic vineyards: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/the-heroic-winemaking-of-the-cinque-terreBecause of the narrow, winding roads with steep drop-offs, many travelers prefer to explore the region via the local train or by public or private boat. If you're planning to hike the famous trails, be aware that entrance permits are now required due to landslides and overtourism.In the regional capital of Genoa, dive into maritime history, visit the iconic San Lorenzo Cathedral, and wander the city's old port area. Just outside Genoa, discover the secluded San Fruttuoso Abbey, accessible only by boat or footpath. In Vernazza, one of the Cinque Terre towns, visit the Doria Castle and the beautiful Santa Margherita Church.Liguria is also a celebrity hotspot, and its cuisine is just as impressive as its scenery. Known as the birthplace of pesto, the region is famous for Pesto alla Genovese, made with a special local basil. Be sure to try the region's olive oil, garlic, cheeses, and exceptional seafood, especially the anchovies. Other regional specialties include Focaccia di Recco, a cheese-filled flatbread, and lighter olive oils that perfectly complement Ligurian dishes.For fine dining, Liguria is home to seven Michelin-starred restaurants, all with one star, offering refined cuisine rooted in the region's coastal and agricultural traditions.Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Friuli)Tucked between Veneto, Austria, and Slovenia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia is a lesser-known gem that offers a unique blend of Alpine landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and coastal charm. The region features part of the Dolomites, ideal for hiking, skiing, and capturing breathtaking scenery.The capital, Trieste, is a refined port city with a fascinating blend of Italian, Austro-Hungarian, and Slavic influences. Don't miss the Miramare Castle, perched over the sea with stunning views. In Cividale del Friuli, stroll through cobbled streets and sample Frico, a savory, crispy dish made of cheese and potatoes, best enjoyed with a glass of Schioppettino, a bold red wine native to the region.For outdoor adventures and relaxation, spend a beach day at Lignano Sabbiadoro, camp in Sistiana, bike the trails around Grado, or explore the ancient Roman ruins in Aquileia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Be sure to visit the enormous Grotta Gigante (Giant Cave), stroll through Unity of Italy Square, and tour the Revoltella Museum for modern art.Friuli-Venezia Giulia is also home to seven Michelin-starred restaurants, including two two-star establishments and five one-star venues, reflecting the region's quiet but impressive culinary scene.Tourissimo Tip– A hotel that Heather and Beppe love in Cormons is La Subida. It's a unique, high-end, and rustic property nestled in nature that boasts a 1-Michelin star restaurant: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/hotels-we-love-la-subidaAosta ValleyNestled in the northwestern tip of Italy, where it borders Switzerland and France, the Aosta Valley is Italy's smallest and highest region—a true mountain paradise. This alpine jewel is renowned for its dramatic snowcapped peaks, storybook castles, and a unique blend of French and Italian culture, as both languages are spoken here.The region is home to Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco), Europe's highest peak, which straddles the borders of Italy, France, and Switzerland. While the summit lies on the French side, visitors on the Italian side can experience the Skyway Monte Bianco, a breathtaking cable car ride offering panoramic views of the Alps.Key landmarks include the striking Matterhorn, the impressive Fénis and Savoy Castles, and the Bard Fortress, one of the largest and most remarkable fortifications in the Alps. After a day in the mountains, relax in one of the region's thermal spas, and indulge in Fonduta, a rich, velvety cheese fondue perfect for chilly alpine evenings.Wine lovers should sample the region's distinctive red mountain wines, especially Enfer d'Arvier, known for its bold flavor and high-altitude character.Tourissimo Tip–A fun tradition is the Friendship Cup, a communal cup of coffee: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/the-friendship-cup-of-valle-daostaCentral Italy: History, Art, and Rolling HillsTuscany (Toscana)Tuscany, the heart of the Renaissance, is a captivating region of rolling hills, cypress-lined roads, vineyards, and timeless art and architecture. Located just below Italy's northern regions, it's a haven for art lovers, history buffs, and food and wine enthusiasts alike. From Chianti to Brunello di Montalcino, the region offers a wide variety of world-class wines.The regional capital, Florence, is one of Italy's most walkable and safe major cities, making it ideal for solo travelers. Admire its architectural wonders while sipping on Chianti Classico and indulging in a local favorite—Bistecca alla Fiorentina. Must-see landmarks in Florence include the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (Duomo), Ponte Vecchio, Palazzo Vecchio, the Uffizi Gallery, and the Galleria dell'Accademia, home to Michelangelo's David. For iconic views, head to Piazzale Michelangelo.Beyond Florence, explore the historic cities of Siena, Lucca, and San Gimignano, each offering its own charm. Don't miss the Leaning Tower of Pisa or the Siena Cathedral, and spend time in the picturesque public squares like Piazza del Campo, Piazza della Signoria, and Piazza del Duomo.For off-the-beaten-path adventures, discover medieval hilltop villages such as Sorano, or head to the Maremma coast for scenic beaches and bold wines. Tuscany also shines in its culinary excellence, boasting 41 Michelin-starred restaurants—including 1 three-star, 5 two-star, and 35 one-star establishments.Tourissimo Tip–3 places in Tuscany you didn't know existed: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/three-places-in-tuscany-you-did-not-know-existedUmbriaUmbria, often called the "Green Heart of Italy," is the country's only completely landlocked region, nestled between Tuscany, Lazio, and Le Marche. Though it lacks large cities, Umbria more than makes up for it with breathtaking natural beauty, medieval towns, and a rich culinary tradition.One of Umbria's most impressive sights is the Cascata delle Marmore (Marmore Falls)—the second tallest waterfall in Europe. Nature lovers and photographers alike will be amazed by its dramatic 165-meter drop. The region is also home to Assisi, the birthplace of St. Francis, one of Italy's most revered saints, and a major pilgrimage destination.Food lovers will delight in Umbria's hearty, earthy cuisine, featuring lentils, mushroom-based dishes, cured meats, and the prized black truffle (Tartufo Nero di Norcia). Pair these specialties with a glass of Sagrantino di Montefalco, a robust red wine unique to the region.Umbria's culinary excellence is further reflected in its four Michelin-starred restaurants: Casa Vissani, Vespasia, Ada, and Elementi. Each holds one Michelin star, offering refined takes on the region's rustic flavors.Tourissimo Tip–Norcia is definitely one of Italy's culinary gems: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/norcia-one-of-italys-culinary-gemsMarcheLocated in central Italy on the Adriatic side, Marche is a beautiful region with a population of 1 million people, known for its charming towns, rich history, and welcoming, hardworking culture. The region offers stunning destinations like Urbino and Ancona, along with pristine beaches such as Spiaggia della Due Sorelle, Parco Naturale Monte San Bartolo, Mezzavalle, and the Riviera del Conero, not to mention many picturesque nature reserves.Must-see landmarks include Castello di Gradara, Palazzo Ducale di Urbino, the Sanctuary of the Holy House of Loreto, Cattedrale di San Ciriaco, Tempio del Valadier, and the breathtaking underground Frasassi Caves. Marche's favorite cities and nearby towns also include Gubbio, Assisi, Perugia, Orvieto, and Cascia.For those drawn to religious history, highlights include the Papal Basilica of Saint Francis, the Sacred Convent of Saint Francis, Basilica di Santa Maria degli Angeli, and Basilica di Santa Chiara in Assisi, as well as the Basilica of Santa Rita da Cascia. History lovers should visit Rocca Paolina, Piazza IV Novembre, Fontana Maggiore, Piazza del Comune, and Grotta di Monte Cucco, while museums like Narni Sotterranea, the National Gallery, and Nobile Collegio del Cambio offer rich cultural experiences.This region is famous for its culinary tradition, especially its mastery of seafood, and is home to seven Michelin-starred restaurants — including Uliassi in Senigallia, proudly holding three Michelin stars, along with one two-star and five one-star establishments. No visit would be complete without tasting Olive all'Ascolana, fried stuffed olives that perfectly capture Marche's local flavor. All of this, combined with the region's natural beauty and warm, fun, and friendly locals, makes Marche a truly unforgettable destination in the heart of Italy.Tourissimo Tip–Ascoli Piceno, the town where the Ascoli olive is from, is beautiful, especially at night when it appears to glow: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/ascoli-piceno-the-italian-town-that-glows-at-nightLazioLazio, one of Italy's central regions, though often considered a southern region by Italians, is a place rich with history, iconic landmarks, and hidden gems. At its heart is the capital city of Rome, a destination overflowing with opportunities for exploration. Essential sites include the Colosseum, Trevi Fountain, Pantheon, Roman Forum, Spanish Steps, St. Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and countless other remarkable attractions. No visit to Rome is complete without savoring its famous dishes, including Cacio e Pepe — a creamy cheese and pepper pasta — along with local favorites like Spaghetti alla Gricia, Pasta all'Amatriciana, and Pasta Carbonara, best enjoyed with a glass of crisp Frascati wine while taking in views of the Colosseum. Lazio as a whole has 107 two-star Michelin restaurants and 105 one-star restaurants. If you find yourself in the Trastevere neighborhood, there are many wonderful popular restaurants, including La Scaletta and Le Mani in Pasta.Another must-see is Vatican City, home to the Vatican and its world-renowned religious and artistic treasures. In December 2025, Rome will host the Jubilee, or Holy Year — a significant Catholic Church event focused on forgiveness, reconciliation, and spiritual renewal, held only once every 25 years and drawing pilgrims from across the globe.Beyond Rome, Lazio offers a beautiful coastline and peaceful countryside, perfect for travelers seeking quieter escapes. Among its hidden gems is Ostia Antica, an ancient Roman city that once served as the bustling port of Rome, located at the mouth of the Tiber River. With its blend of legendary landmarks, culinary traditions, religious significance, and off-the-beaten-path treasures, Lazio is a captivating region waiting to be explored.Tourissimo Tip–There's a wonderful project underway to create a cycle path around the perimeter of Rome: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/cycling-in-rome-grab-a-bike-and-bike-the-grabAbruzzoAbruzzo, known as Italy's green region, lies in the central-eastern part of the country and boasts a stunning combination of mountains, coastline, and unspoiled nature. Along the beautiful Trabocchi Coast, visitors can admire the historic trabocchi — ingenious wooden fishing structures built by fishermen centuries ago to safely fish the Adriatic waters, many of which have now been converted into charming seaside restaurants where you can dine on fresh seafood while suspended above the waves with sunsets as your backdrop. When it comes to dining, Abruzzo currently boasts four Michelin-starred restaurants; there are three 1-star restaurants and one 3-star restaurant. Food lovers shouldn't miss Arrosticini, the region's famous grilled lamb skewers, or a glass of bold Montepulciano d'Abruzzo red wine. Outdoor enthusiasts have countless opportunities for adventure, from swimming at the Stiffe Caves and strolling the Ponte del Mare to relaxing on the beaches of Riserva Naturale Guidata Punta Aderci and hiking to the iconic Rocca Calascio. Lakeside escapes await at Lago di Scanno and Lago di Barrea, while the towering Gran Sasso d'Italia and the expansive Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, and Lazio e Molise offer breathtaking scenery and pristine trails. The region is home to many national parks — Abruzzo, Lazio, Molise National Park, Gran Sasso and Laga Mountains National Park, and Maiella National Park — perfect for hiking, biking, trail running, and spotting the highest peaks of the Apennine Mountain Range. Cyclists can enjoy the Bike to Coast cycle path, a 131 km (81.4 mile) route running along the Adriatic coast from Pescara to Vasto. History and architecture lovers will appreciate sites like Basilica di Santa Maria di Collemaggio, Centro Storico di Sulmona, Santo Stefano di Sessanio, Abbey of San Giovanni in Venere, and the Medieval Village of Pacentro. For a uniquely tranquil experience, visit the enchanting Gardens of Ninfa. Abruzzo is also a fabulous winter skiing destination and keeps traditions alive with events like Transumanza, the seasonal migration of livestock, primarily sheep, between the high-altitude pastures of the region. With its mountain majesty, historic villages, flavorful cuisine, and coastal charm, Abruzzo offers something unforgettable for every traveler.Tourissimo Tips:More info on the trabocchi coast: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/abruzzos-trabocchi-coastAbruzzo Bike to Coast is a beautiful bike path along the coast: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/cycling-along-abruzzos-coastMoliseOne of Italy's most untouched and lesser-known regions, Molise is famously nicknamed “the region that doesn't exist,” though it's rich in history, traditions, and natural beauty. This quiet region offers a mix of beaches and mountains, including part of the National Park of Abruzzo within the Apennines mountain range, filled with abundant wildlife, hiking trails, and winter ski opportunities. Tourissimo Tip–The Region That Doesn't Exist: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/the-italian-region-that-doesnt-existThe capital city, Campobasso, is home to notable sites like Monforte Castle and several Romanesque churches, while the charming coastal town of Termoli draws visitors for its beaches, trabucchi (historic fishing huts now serving fresh seafood), and local specialties like brodetto, a traditional seafood stew. Along the Molise coast in Termoli, dining at a trabucchi offers fresh catches with a side of Adriatic views. History buffs should visit the Samnite ruins in the Pietrabbondante archaeological area, the well-preserved Saepinum Archaeological Area, and landmarks like Lago di Castel San Vincenzo, the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Purification, Monforte Castle, and the Basilica of Saint Mary of Sorrow. A must-see is the Marinelli Bell Foundry, founded in 1339. It's the oldest continuously operating bell foundry in the world, Italy's oldest family business, and the official provider of bells to the Vatican. Food lovers can sample Cavatelli, a local pasta specialty, paired with Tintilia, a rare red wine unique to Molise. The region is also home to seven one-star Michelin restaurants and several local food tours that showcase its rustic culinary traditions. While Molise's quiet charm and untouched landscapes make it a special destination, visitors should note that English is not widely spoken, making it a truly authentic Italian experience for those eager to explore one of the country's hidden gems.Southern Italy: Sun, Sea, and Ancient WondersCampania The birthplace of Neapolitan pizza, the Mediterranean Diet, and Mozzarella di Bufala, Campania is one of Italy's most vibrant and culturally rich regions. Home to the bustling regional capital Naples (Napoli), it boasts some of the country's most iconic destinations, including Pompeii, the stunning Amalfi Coast, and the tranquil Cilento Coast.Along the sparkling, deep-blue waters of the Golfo di Napoli, you'll find must-visit coastal towns like Positano, Amalfi, and Ravello, as well as the famous islands of Ischia, Capri, and the colorful Procida. Visitors can hike the breathtaking Path of the Gods, explore the hauntingly preserved ruins of Archaeological Pompeii, forever shadowed by the gray cone of Mt. Vesuvius, and savor the region's culinary gems like ultra-fresh seafood and crisp Falanghina wine.History and culture lovers shouldn't miss Sansevero Chapel Museum, San Carlo Theatre, the Catacombs of San Gennaro, and the lush Villa Cimbrone Gardens. Campania also impresses with its historic castles, including the Royal Palace of Caserta, Ovo Castle, and Castello Aragonese d'Ischia. Wine enthusiasts should head to the province of Avellino, known for producing some of the best wines in southern Italy.Tourissimo Tip–Wine is also grown inland on the Amalfi Coast, and there are some vines that are 250 years old (pre-phylloxera): https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/old-vines-on-the-amalfi-coastNature lovers will be drawn to the Cilento, Vallo di Diano, and Alburni National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site celebrated for its biodiversity, dramatic landscapes, and cultural heritage, featuring ancient ruins like Paestum and Velia, the majestic Padula Charterhouse, and idyllic coastal villages.Campania is also a paradise for food lovers, home to 51 Michelin-starred restaurants, including one three-star, eight two-star, and forty-two one-star establishments. From world-famous landmarks to hidden treasures, Campania offers an irresistible blend of history, nature, food, and coastal charm.CalabriaWith its rugged coastlines, dramatic landscapes, and hidden treasures, Calabria is a must-visit region in southern Italy. Known for its bold flavors and rich culinary traditions, visitors should sample 'Nduja, a spicy, spreadable sausage paste, and the region's famous Calabrian chiles. The local cuisine embraces cucina povera, a tradition of simple, hearty dishes featuring handmade pasta made with just flour and water. Calabria offers a growing fine dining scene with six one-star Michelin restaurants. For nature lovers, Calabria is home to three stunning national parks — Sila, Aspromonte, and Pollino — ideal for hiking, wildlife spotting, and immersing in untouched landscapes. Along the coast, Capo Vaticano stands out as one of the world's most beautiful beaches, offering breathtaking views and crystal-clear waters. History buffs and castle enthusiasts can explore impressive fortresses like Castello Ruffo di Scilla, Castello Murat, Castello di Le Castella, and Castello Aragonese. Don't miss charming towns and villages such as Tropea, famous for its clifftop views and beaches, as well as Scilla, Pentedattilo, and Le Castella. With its authentic culture, stunning coastlines, flavorful cuisine, and rich history, Calabria remains one of Italy's most captivating yet underrated regions.Tourissimo Tip–Way off the beaten path, lies a  unique museum in Mammola, Calabria https://calabriastraordinaria.it/en/news/visit-to-musaba-the-sistine-chapel-of-calabriaPugliaKnown as the Maldives of Italy, Puglia is a sun-drenched region celebrated for its whitewashed hill towns, ancient olive groves, and miles of stunning coastline. With a dry Mediterranean climate and scenery that often feels more Greek than Italian, Puglia is famed for its beaches in Salento, crystal-clear waters, and charming seaside towns. One of its most iconic sights is the fairytale-like trulli houses of Alberobello, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This region is also a food lover's paradise, offering specialties like Orecchiette pasta with turnip greens, the classic Fave e Cicoria (fava bean purée with wild chicory), and fresh seafood paired with crisp vegetables. Wine lovers can savor Primitivo, a bold local red. For fine dining, the region boasts nine one-star Michelin restaurants, blending rustic flavors with refined culinary creativity.Puglia is dotted with unique cities and towns worth exploring, including Locorotondo, Otranto, Lecce, Monopoli, Ostuni, Gallipoli, Bari, Alberobello, and Polignano a Mare. Nature and history enthusiasts will enjoy visiting extraordinary sites like the Grotte di Castellana, the dramatic Cave of Poetry, the ancient Basilica San Nicola, and the scenic Gargano Peninsula. With its thousand-year-old olive trees, Puglia is the largest olive oil producer in the world, known for its strong, spicy oils. The locals here are famously warm and welcoming, going out of their way to make visitors feel at home.Puglia's blend of natural beauty, rich tradition, and heartfelt hospitality makes it one of Italy's most captivating and underrated destinations.Tourissimo Tip–Here are some of the gems of Puglia: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/some-of-the-gems-of-pugliaBasilicataBasilicata, a remote yet captivating region with a population of just 500,000, offers a wealth of unique experiences despite its secluded location. Among its most intriguing destinations are the ghost town of Craco and the ancient cave city of Matera, both steeped in history and cinematic charm. Other towns worth visiting include Maratea and Palombaroa, each offering its own cultural and scenic appeal.Tourissimo Tip–Matera is magical! https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/destination-highlight-matera-the-city-of-stonesThe region is rich in historical and religious landmarks, such as the Crypt of Original Sin with its remarkable frescoes, and the medieval Melfi Castle. Don't miss the towering Statue of Christ the Redeemer in Maratea, a striking monument that overlooks the Tyrrhenian coast.For a taste of local flavor, try Peperoni Cruschi—crispy, sun-dried peppers that are a beloved regional delicacy. Basilicata is also known for its exceptional wines, especially the bold, full-bodied reds of Aglianico del Vulture DOC, made primarily from the Aglianico grape. White wine lovers will appreciate the region's Greco di Tufo and Fiano varietals as well. Basilicata also has a total of 14 one-star Michelin restaurants. Adventurers can experience an adrenaline rush on The Angel's Flight, a giant zip line that offers stunning views and a thrilling ride through the Lucanian landscape.SicilySicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, is a world of its own, offering a diverse landscape of coastlines, mountains, and magical towns such as Cefalù, Palermo, Taormina, Catania, Noto, Agrigento, and Syracuse. Palermo serves as the cultural and diplomatic capital of the region, while Catania stands as its business hub.A volcanic island and UNESCO World Heritage Site, Sicily boasts a rich collection of cultural and natural treasures. Highlights include the awe-inspiring Valley of the Temples, the active volcano Mount Etna, the stunning Duomo di Cefalù, and the picturesque islands of Stromboli, Bella, and Ortigia. The region is also home to the renowned Baroque Triangle in the Val di Noto region of southeastern Sicily, where the eight towns of Caltagirone, Militello Val di Catania, Catania, Modica, Noto, Palazzolo Acreide, Ragusa, and Scicli have been recognized by UNESCO for their outstanding examples of late Baroque architecture.Sicily's culinary scene is just as impressive. Indulge in traditional Sicilian cannoli, filled with sheep's milk ricotta cheese and always stuffed fresh to order. Take a street food tour to savor local favorites like arancini, and don't miss sipping on a glass of Nero d'Avola, one of Sicily's most famous wines. The region is also internationally celebrated for its top-tier agriculture and winemaking.For a taste of authentic Italian charm beyond the tourist trail, explore the towns featured in I Borghi Più Belli d'Italia—Italy's list of its most beautiful hidden gems. Tourissimo Tip–This is a great tip for all 20 regions of Italy. Find out more here: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/the-most-beautiful-small-towns-in-italyFood lovers will be delighted to know that Sicily is also home to 23 Michelin-starred restaurants, including three two-star establishments and twenty with one star.Tourissimo Tip–If you visit Corleone, you should definitely learn about the legacy of the Mafia. We in North America tend to have a romanticized view of the mafia, but for the locals, the history is more brutal. See some photos and learn more here: https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/letizia-battaglia-groundbreaking-photojournalist-who-fearlessly-documented-the-mafia-in-her-native-sicilySardiniaSardinia, the second-largest island in the Mediterranean after Sicily, is a rugged, rural paradise known for its natural beauty, deep-rooted traditions, and ancient history. The island is home to features like the Apennine Coast, the Adriatic Coast, and the Apennine Mountains. Most of Sardinia's population lives in the capital region of Cagliari, but much of the island remains untouched, offering visitors a glimpse into authentic Italian island life.One of Sardinia's most fascinating distinctions is that the Barbagia region is recognized as a Blue Zone—an area with an unusually high number of centenarians. This longevity is attributed to the region's healthy diet, active lifestyle, and strong sense of community. For outdoor enthusiasts, inland Sardinia offers some of the best biking and hiking experiences in all of Italy.Tourissimo Tip–What is a Blue Zone? https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/blue-zoneThe island's coastlines are just as enticing. Costa Smeralda is often described as paradise on earth, with stunning beaches like Spiaggia di Tuerredda, Cala Goloritzé, and Spiaggia di Porto Giunco perfect for sunbathing and swimming. Don't miss the La Maddalena Archipelago National Park (Parco Nazionale dell'Arcipelago di La Maddalena), a protected area with crystal-clear waters and pristine landscapes.Charming towns such as Alghero, Bosa, and Cagliari add to the island's appeal. Many of Sardinia's towns are nestled in the mountains located in the island's center, offering a peaceful and scenic escape.Cultural and historical attractions abound. Must-see sites include the Nora Archaeological Park, Bastione di Saint Remy, Parco Archeologico Naturalistico di Santa Cristina, and the Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Cagliari. For an unforgettable natural wonder, venture into the Frecce delle grotte srl and Neptune's Grotto, stunning sea caves accessible by boat or stairs carved into cliffs.Sardinia is also home to a unique ancient civilization. Scattered across the island are over 7,000 nuraghe—megalithic stone structures built during the Nuragic Age (c. 1900–730 BC). These mysterious, tower-like buildings are the island's most iconic symbol, and some scholars believe there were once over 10,000 nuraghe structures in total.Religious architecture also impresses, with highlights like the Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta e Santa Cecilia, the Church of the Holy Trinity of Saccargia, and the Basilica di San Simplicio showcasing Sardinia's spiritual and artistic heritage.Sardinian cuisine reflects its mountainous geography. Surprisingly, for an island, the diet leans more toward land-based ingredients than seafood. Signature dishes include Porceddu (roast pig), Fregola (a traditional Sardinian pasta), and the adventurous Casu marzu—a sheep's milk cheese intentionally infested with live maggots and considered a local delicacy. Sardinia also holds 16 one-star Michelin restaurants.To accompany these flavors, try a glass of Cannonau red wine, known for its high polyphenol content and potential health benefits, or the refreshing Vermentino white wine, perfect for warm Mediterranean days.Tourissimo Tip–Magic Trick or Pasta Making? https://www.tourissimo.travel/blog/magic-trick-or-pasta-making From the Alps to the Mediterranean, each Italian region is a world of its own. Want to see it all? Check out Tourissimo's amazing trip planning and Italian information at tourissimo.travel! Buon viaggio!From the Alps to the Mediterranean, each Italian region is a world of its own. Want to see it all? Check out Tourissimo's amazing trip planning and Italian information at tourissimo.travel! Buon viaggio! 

We're gearing up for the 2025 NCSEA Policy Forum, happening January 30th - February 1st in Washington, D.C., where child support professionals will come together to tackle key issues shaping our field. 

PREVIEW: LONDINIUM 90 AD: Historian Michael Vlahos examines a critical Roman debate - how the Teutoburg Forest disaster 80 years earlier shaped imperial thinking about Rome's expansion limits. Friends of History Debating Society presents Gaius and Germanicus in reflection. 1872 Excavating the Roman Forum

Fluent Fiction - Catalan: Unearthing Secrets at the Roman Forum: A Thrill of Discovery Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.org/unearthing-secrets-at-the-roman-forum-a-thrill-of-discovery Story Transcript:Ca: La tardor havia arribat al Fòrum Romà.En: La tardor had arrived at the Fòrum Romà.Ca: L'aire fresc feia ballar les fulles caigudes als peus de Jordi i Nuri.En: The cool air made the fallen leaves dance at the feet of Jordi and Nuri.Ca: Els dos amics havien decidit explorar les antigues ruïnes, plenes de columnes caigudes i camins de pedra desgastats pel temps.En: The two friends had decided to explore the ancient ruins, full of fallen columns and stone paths worn down by time.Ca: Jordi, amb els ulls brillants d'emoció, deia: "Avui trobarem alguna cosa increïble!En: Jordi, with eyes shining with excitement, said, "Today we're going to find something incredible!"Ca: "Nuri, amb un somriure prudent, va respondre: "D'acord, però amb compte.En: Nuri, with a cautious smile, responded, "Okay, but let's be careful.Ca: No vull que ens perdem o ens fem mal.En: I don't want us to get lost or hurt."Ca: "Després d'una estona caminant entre els vestigis del passat, van arribar a una zona menys explorada.En: After a while of walking among the relics of the past, they reached a less explored area.Ca: Jordi sentia el pes d'aquella història antiga sota els seus peus.En: Jordi felt the weight of that ancient history beneath his feet.Ca: "Mira això!En: "Look at this!"Ca: ", va dir, assenyalant una porta mig amagada pel fullatge.En: he said, pointing to a door half-hidden by foliage.Ca: "Anem a veure què hi ha a dins.En: "Let's see what's inside."Ca: "Nuri va dubtar.En: Nuri hesitated.Ca: "I si no és segur?En: "What if it's not safe?Ca: Aquestes estructures són molt velles.En: These structures are very old."Ca: "Però la curiositat de Jordi era massa gran.En: But Jordi's curiosity was too great.Ca: "Només una ullada", va insistir.En: "Just a peek," he insisted.Ca: La seva ansietat de trobar quelcom memorable el va empènyer endavant.En: His eagerness to find something memorable pushed him forward.Ca: Nuri va sospirar i va seguir-lo, decidint que no podia deixar-lo sol al perill.En: Nuri sighed and followed him, deciding that she couldn't leave him alone in danger.Ca: A mesura que es van endinsar, la foscor va augmentar i l'aire es va tornar més fred.En: As they ventured further, the darkness increased, and the air became colder.Ca: Les parets, malgrat les teranyines, semblaven conservar secrets antics.En: The walls, despite the cobwebs, seemed to hold ancient secrets.Ca: Jordi va notar una petita secció diferent en una de les parets i, amb precaució, la va empènyer.En: Jordi noticed a small different section on one of the walls and, cautiously, pushed it.Ca: La pedra es va moure lentament, revelant un compartiment secret.En: The stone moved slowly, revealing a secret compartment.Ca: Dins, hi havia diverses peces.En: Inside, there were several items.Ca: Objectes d'or i ceràmica brillant.En: Objects of gold and shiny ceramics.Ca: Els ulls de Jordi es van il·luminar.En: Jordi's eyes lit up.Ca: "Veus, t'ho havia dit!En: "See, I told you!Ca: Això és increïble!En: This is incredible!"Ca: "Però abans que poguessin celebrar-ho, van sentir un soroll inquietant.En: But before they could celebrate, they heard a disturbing sound.Ca: La terra va començar a tremolar lleugerament sota els seus peus.En: The ground began to tremble slightly beneath their feet.Ca: "Cal sortir d'aquí!En: "We need to get out of here!"Ca: ", va cridar Nuri, el seu cor bategant amb força.En: shouted Nuri, her heart pounding hard.Ca: Amb pressa, van agafar un petit objecte com a prova i van córrer cap a la sortida.En: In a hurry, they grabbed a small object as proof and ran toward the exit.Ca: Les pedres van començar a caure darrere seu mentre lluitaven per mantenir l'equilibri.En: The stones began to fall behind them as they struggled to keep their balance.Ca: Amb els braços estirats, van saltar cap a la llum del dia just a temps, amb la calor de l'adrenalina encara al seu cos.En: With arms outstretched, they jumped into the daylight just in time, with the rush of adrenaline still in their bodies.Ca: Un cop fora, respiraven profundament, mirant al seu voltant atordits però segurs.En: Once outside, they breathed deeply, looking around stunned but safe.Ca: Jordi va mirar el petit artefacte a les seves mans.En: Jordi looked at the small artifact in his hands.Ca: "Hem sobreviscut", va dir amb una rialla nerviosa.En: "We survived," he said with a nervous laugh.Ca: "Sí", va dir Nuri, encara intentant calmar el seu cor accelerat.En: "Yes," said Nuri, still trying to calm her racing heart.Ca: "Però hem d'aprendre a respectar aquests llocs.En: "But we need to learn to respect these places.Ca: Tenen un valor històric enorme.En: They hold enormous historical value."Ca: "Jordi va assentir, reconeixent la importància d'anar amb compte.En: Jordi nodded, acknowledging the importance of being careful.Ca: "Ho sé.En: "I know.Ca: Les emocions poden ser perilloses sense una mica de prudència.En: Emotions can be dangerous without some prudence.Ca: Gràcies per estar amb mi.En: Thanks for being with me."Ca: ""De res", va respondre Nuri, sentint una confiança nova.En: "You're welcome," replied Nuri, feeling a new confidence.Ca: "Crec que potser puc ser una mica més aventurera de vegades.En: "I think maybe I can be a bit more adventurous sometimes."Ca: "Amb això, es van allunyar de les ruïnes, portant amb ells no només un objecte antic, sinó també una nova apreciació per la història i una amistat més forta que mai.En: With that, they walked away from the ruins, carrying not only an ancient object but also a new appreciation for history and a stronger friendship than ever. Vocabulary Words:the autumn: la tardorthe foliage: el fullatgethe relics: els vestigisthe cobwebs: les teranyinesthe compartment: el compartimentthe artifact: l'artefactethe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesto hesitate: dubtarto tremble: tremolarto creep: arrossegarcautious: prudentthe darkness: la foscoran ancient history: una història antigaan anxiety: una ansietatthe balance: l'equilibrithe excitement: l'emocióto explore: explorarto insist: insistirthe leaves: les fullesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnesthe ruins: les ruïnes

#Londinium90AD: Germanicus surprised Gaius by recognizing the Gracchi as Trump. Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @Michalis_Vlahos 1872 Excavation of the Roman Forum

Talk Art returns for Season 23! We meet Culture-loving Rob Rinder MBE and Architecture-fan Rylan Clark as they follow in the footsteps of 19th century romantic poet Lord Byron, and other Grand Tourists, on the 200th anniversary of his death.We discuss Caravaggio, Murano glass blowing, Artemisia Gentileschi & her censored ‘Allegory of Inclination' (1816) and what it was like to become nude life models themselves. We explore how they met the Venice-based drag/art collective House of Serenissima, and hear all the gossip from the historic era of the Grand Tour.Rob and Rylan's Grand Tour follows Rob Rinder and Rylan Clark – presenters, friends, and men who love the finer things in life – as they discover the greatest art treasures in Italy, finding out more about themselves along the way. Together, they retrace the steps of countless English aristocrats who took the Grand Tour – the original gap year – leaving behind the confines of British society for freedom and discovery abroad. But can the Grand Tour still work its magic today?Starting their journey in the winding canals of Venice, Rylan and Rob are ready to embark on the Grand Tour, once a cultural rite of passage designed to turn young men into distinguished gentlemen. In the city, they unveil one of the largest canvas paintings in the world, Tintoretto's Il Paradiso, leaving them in awe. They also learn about the legacy of Italian painter Canaletto before heading off to the quaint island of Murano, famous for its glass blowing art. Rob, a lover of opera and poetry, attempts to realise a lifelong dream by conducting Vivaldi's Four Seasons in the same church it was first performed in. Meanwhile, Rylan learns all about the lesser known side of the famous Venice Carnival. In episode two, Rob and Rylan head to the Renaissance city of Florence, the “Beating Heart of Tuscany”. Famous for its many museums and art galleries, this charming city is oozing with history around every corner. Set out to uncover the secrets of the Renaissance period, the pair soak up the sights, including the well known Uffizi Gallery in the historic centre, home to pieces by legendary artists Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raffaello. They go on to visit more iconic locations: the Stibbert Museum, the Bargello Museum, Piazzale Michelangelo, Piazza Santa Croce during the final of the Calcio Storico, Piazza della Signoria, Piazza Santa Maria Novella, and Ponte alle Grazie. Along the trip, the duo learnt what it meant to be a Grand Tourist, trying on flamboyant Italian looks, fencing, dancing.On their final stop, the dynamic duo head to Italy's capital city, Rome. Here they enjoy exploring the classical ruins of the famous Colosseum and the Roman Forum as well as the Pantheon. Channelling their love of opera, Rylan and Rob enjoy a rooftop performance with sensational views of the city in the background.Rob and Rylan's Grand Tour is available now to stream on BBC iPlayer.Follow @RobRinder and @Rylan Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

#Londinium90AD: Gaius & Germanicus admire how the presidential campaign conversation switched without effort from Tiberius to Cleopatra.  Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @Michalis_Vlahos 1872 Excavation of the Roman Forum

Fluent Fiction - Catalan: Unexpected Chariot Adrenaline: A Modern Woman's Roman Adventure Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.org/unexpected-chariot-adrenaline-a-modern-womans-roman-adventure Story Transcript:Ca: El sol estiuenc es reflectia en les pedres blanques del Fòrum Romà, inundant amb llum cada cantonada del mercat bulliciós.En: The summer sun reflected off the white stones of the Roman Forum, flooding every corner of the bustling market with light.Ca: Ariadna es movia amb curiositat entre les parades, intentant imaginar la vida quotidiana de fa tants segles.En: Ariadna moved curiously between the stalls, trying to imagine daily life from so many centuries ago.Ca: Sempre havia tingut una fascinació per la història antiga, i estar allà li semblava un somni fet realitat.En: She had always had a fascination with ancient history, and being there felt like a dream come true.Ca: De sobte, va escoltar crits i rialles procedents d'una àrea més oberta del fòrum.En: Suddenly, she heard shouts and laughter coming from a more open area of the forum.Ca: Ariadna s'hi va acostar, intrigada.En: Ariadna approached, intrigued.Ca: Era una carrera de quadrigues!En: It was a chariot race!Ca: Els carros tirats per cavalls donaven voltes a gran velocitat, i el públic animava amb entusiasme.En: The horse-drawn carts sped around at great speed, and the crowd cheered enthusiastically.Ca: Ariadna es va adonar que estaven buscant participants.En: Ariadna realized they were looking for participants.Ca: Abans que pogués reaccionar, una mà la va empènyer suaument endavant.En: Before she could react, a hand gently pushed her forward.Ca: – Tu!En: "You!"Ca: – va cridar un home robust amb una túnica vermella.En: shouted a burly man in a red tunic.Ca: – Un nodus més per la cursa.En: "One more for the race.Ca: Vinga!En: Come on!"Ca: – Sense ni tan sols pensar-hi, Ariadna es va trobar asseguda en un carruatge.En: Without even thinking about it, Ariadna found herself seated in a chariot.Ca: Va intentar protestar, però l'home la va ignorar, concentrat en la carrera.En: She tried to protest, but the man ignored her, focused on the race.Ca: Amb el cor bategant fort, Ariadna es va aferrar a les regnes.En: With her heart pounding, Ariadna clung to the reins.Ca: No volia que descobrissin que no tenia ni idea de com conduir els caballs!En: She didn't want them to discover that she had no idea how to drive horses!Ca: Amb un esclat de soroll, la carrera va començar.En: With a burst of noise, the race began.Ca: Els cavalls van arrencar bruscament, i Ariadna va haver de lluitar per mantenir-se a peu.En: The horses shot forward abruptly, and Ariadna had to struggle to stay upright.Ca: Les regnes li lliscaven per les mans, però va aconseguir recuperar-les just a temps.En: The reins slipped through her hands, but she managed to recover them just in time.Ca: Els altres participants eren ràpids i habilidosos, i Ariadna es trobava en una lluita constant per no quedar-se enrere.En: The other participants were fast and skillful, and Ariadna found herself in a constant struggle not to fall behind.Ca: A mesura que avançava la cursa, va començar a sentir menys por i més adrenalina.En: As the race progressed, she began to feel less fear and more adrenaline.Ca: A la recta final, estava coll i coll amb un altre conductor.En: On the final straight, she was neck and neck with another driver.Ca: Amb la suor relliscant-li pel front, va ajuntar tota la seva força per guiar els cavalls cap a la línia de meta.En: With sweat slipping down her forehead, she mustered all her strength to guide the horses towards the finish line.Ca: Amb un últim esforç, va travessar la línia de meta al mateix temps que el seu competidor.En: With one last effort, she crossed the finish line at the same time as her competitor.Ca: El públic va explotar en aplaudiments i crits de joia.En: The crowd exploded in applause and cheers of joy.Ca: Ariadna, sense alè, va somriure.En: Ariadna, out of breath, smiled.Ca: No podia creure el que acabava d'aconseguir.En: She couldn't believe what she had just achieved.Ca: Després de la cursa, la gent la va envoltar, felicitant-la i donant-li copets a l'espatlla.En: After the race, people surrounded her, congratulating and patting her on the back.Ca: Va sentir una nova força dins seu, una confiança que mai havia tingut abans.En: She felt a new strength within her, a confidence she had never had before.Ca: Havia estat un accident, però havia demostrat a si mateixa que podia fer qualsevol cosa.En: It had been an accident, but she had proven to herself that she could do anything.Ca: Amb una mirada d'humor i orgull, Ariadna va deixar el carro i es va dirigir cap a les parades, amb un relat increïble per explicar a tothom que l'escoltés.En: With a look of humor and pride, Ariadna left the chariot and headed towards the stalls, with an incredible story to tell anyone who would listen.Ca: Havia viscut una aventura autènticament romana, i el somni que una vegada havia tingut tan sols en la imaginació, ara era una experiència ben real i inesborrable.En: She had lived a truly Roman adventure, and the dream she once had only in her imagination was now a very real and unforgettable experience.Ca: Des d'aquell dia, Ariadna va mantenir la seva passió per la història, però amb un nou esperit d'aventura i confidència.En: From that day on, Ariadna maintained her passion for history, but with a new spirit of adventure and confidence.Ca: Va aprendre que, a vegades, els accidents poden portar-nos a les experiències més memorables de la nostra vida.En: She learned that sometimes, accidents can lead us to the most memorable experiences of our lives. Vocabulary Words:the summer: l'estiuthe sun: el solthe white stones: les pedres blanquesthe Roman Forum: el Fòrum Romàthe hustle: el bullicithe curiosity: la curiositatthe stalls: les paradesthe daily life: la vida quotidianathe centuries: els seglesthe shouts: els critsthe laughter: les riallesthe chariot race: la carrera de quadriguesthe horse-drawn carts: els carros tirats per cavallsthe participants: els participantsthe burly man: l'home robustthe red tunic: la túnica vermellathe reins: les regnesthe noise: el sorollthe fear: la porthe adrenaline: l'adrenalinathe sweat: la suorthe forehead: el frontthe finish line: la línia de metathe applause: els aplaudimentsthe cheers: els crits de joiathe confidence: la confidènciathe accident: l'accidentthe strength: la forçathe humor: l'humorthe pride: l'orgull

Fluent Fiction - Italian: From Ruins to Dreams: A Journey of Love and New Beginnings Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.org/from-ruins-to-dreams-a-journey-of-love-and-new-beginnings Story Transcript:It: Lorenzo camminava lentamente tra le antiche rovine di Roma sotto il sole cocente d'estate.En: Lorenzo walked slowly through the ancient ruins of Rome under the scorching summer sun.It: Gli occhi osservavano la grande bellezza del Colosseo, ma il cuore cercava qualcosa di più.En: His eyes took in the great beauty of the Colosseum, but his heart sought something more.It: Essere un professore di storia era sempre stato il suo sogno, ma ultimamente sentiva la mancanza di avventure più emozionanti.En: Being a history professor had always been his dream, but lately, he felt the need for more exciting adventures.It: Bianca, invece, descriveva con entusiasmo la storia del Foro Romano a un gruppo di turisti.En: Bianca, on the other hand, was enthusiastically describing the history of the Roman Forum to a group of tourists.It: La sua voce era piena di passione, ma il suo cuore desiderava volare via, scrivere e vivere nuove esperienze.En: Her voice was full of passion, but her heart longed to fly away, to write, and to live new experiences.It: Originaria di Milano, amava il suo lavoro di guida turistica, ma non smetteva di sognare una vita da scrittrice di viaggio.En: Originally from Milan, she loved her job as a tour guide, but she never stopped dreaming of a life as a travel writer.It: Era Ferragosto, e le strade erano piene di musica, risate e il profumo invitante del cibo italiano.En: It was Ferragosto, and the streets were filled with music, laughter, and the inviting aroma of Italian food.It: Lorenzo decise di fare una pausa e si avvicinò a una bancarella.En: Lorenzo decided to take a break and approached a stall.It: Prese un gelato al limone, guardandosi intorno curioso.En: He got a lemon gelato, looking around curiously.It: Proprio in quel momento, notò Bianca che stava terminando il suo tour.En: Just at that moment, he noticed Bianca finishing her tour.It: "Scusami," disse Lorenzo avvicinandosi.En: "Excuse me," said Lorenzo as he approached.It: "La tua spiegazione era fantastica.En: "Your explanation was fantastic.It: Sei una scrittrice?"En: Are you a writer?"It: Bianca sorrise, sorpresa dalla domanda.En: Bianca smiled, surprised by the question.It: "No, sono solo una guida turistica, ma mi piacerebbe scrivere un giorno."En: "No, I'm just a tour guide, but I would love to write one day."It: Lorenzo annuì, sentendo una scintilla di connessione.En: Lorenzo nodded, feeling a spark of connection.It: "Anch'io cerco qualcosa di più nella mia vita.En: "I'm also looking for something more in my life.It: Sono qui per una conferenza, ma mi piacerebbe scoprire di più su Roma e me stesso."En: I'm here for a conference, but I would like to discover more about Rome and myself."It: Passarono le ore camminando insieme tra le rovine, parlando dei loro sogni e paure.En: They spent hours walking together among the ruins, talking about their dreams and fears.It: Lorenzo raccontò di come sentiva che la sua vita accademica fosse diventata monotona.En: Lorenzo spoke of how his academic life had become monotonous.It: Bianca confessò di sentirsi bloccata, desiderando volare lontano ma intrappolata dai limiti finanziari.En: Bianca confessed to feeling stuck, wanting to fly far away but trapped by financial constraints.It: "Oggi è Ferragosto," disse Bianca, guardandolo con occhi pieni di speranza.En: "Today is Ferragosto," said Bianca, looking at him with hopeful eyes.It: "C'è una festa stasera.En: "There's a party tonight.It: Vorresti venire?"En: Would you like to come?"It: Lorenzo esitò un attimo, pensando alla conferenza.En: Lorenzo hesitated for a moment, thinking about the conference.It: Poi decise di accettare.En: Then he decided to accept.It: La serata era magica.En: The evening was magical.It: Le luci, la musica e il calore delle persone intorno li avvolgevano.En: The lights, the music, and the warmth of the people around them enveloped them.It: Durante i festeggiamenti, Lorenzo e Bianca si sedettero su una panchina, osservando i fuochi d'artificio.En: During the festivities, Lorenzo and Bianca sat on a bench, watching the fireworks.It: "Sto pensando di fare una pausa dal lavoro," disse Lorenzo.En: "I'm thinking of taking a break from work," said Lorenzo.It: "Forse un anno sabbatico per viaggiare e scrivere.En: "Maybe a sabbatical year to travel and write.It: Se tu volessi, potremmo farlo insieme."En: If you wanted, we could do it together."It: Bianca lo guardò sorpresa ma felice.En: Bianca looked at him surprised but happy.It: "Davvero lo faresti?"En: "Would you really do that?"It: chiese.En: she asked.It: "Non hai paura di cambiare?"En: "Aren't you afraid of change?"It: "Sì, ho paura.En: "Yes, I'm afraid.It: Ma tu mi hai fatto capire che vale la pena rischiare," rispose Lorenzo, sorridendo.En: But you made me realize that it's worth taking the risk," Lorenzo replied, smiling.It: Bianca annuì con decisione.En: Bianca nodded decisively.It: "Lo farò anch'io.En: "I'll do it too.It: Scriverò e viaggerò.En: I'll write and travel.It: E con te, tutto sembra possibile."En: And with you, everything seems possible."It: E così, Lorenzo e Bianca decisero di iniziare il loro viaggio insieme.En: And so, Lorenzo and Bianca decided to start their journey together.It: Lorenzo scrisse il suo nuovo libro, pieno di avventure e scoperte.En: Lorenzo wrote his new book, full of adventures and discoveries.It: Bianca iniziò il suo blog di viaggi, seguita da persone di tutto il mondo.En: Bianca started her travel blog, followed by people from all over the world.It: Insieme, trovarono una nuova vita, piena di amore, sogni realizzati e avventure senza fine.En: Together, they found a new life, full of love, realized dreams, and endless adventures.It: La magia delle rovine antiche e del Ferragosto romano non li abbandonò mai, rendendo ogni giorno speciale come il primo incontro.En: The magic of the ancient ruins and the Roman Ferragosto never left them, making every day as special as their first meeting. Vocabulary Words:the ruins: le rovinethe sun: il solethe heart: il cuorethe history: la storiathe professor: il professorethe adventure: l'avventurathe passion: la passionethe experiences: le esperienzethe music: la musicathe laughter: le risatethe aroma: il profumothe gelato: il gelatothe explanation: la spiegazionethe connection: la connessionethe tour: il tourthe life: la vitathe conference: la conferenzathe dream: il sognothe fear: la paurathe constraint: il limitethe festivity: la festathe light: la lucethe warmth: il calorethe firework: i fuochi d'artificiothe sabbatical year: l'anno sabbaticothe bench: la panchinathe change: il cambiamentothe risk: il rischiothe blog: il blogthe discovery: la scoperta

We went to Rome, Italy and we're sharing the must-see highlights and attractions! We share all the attractions, what is worth the entrance fee, and how to see and do it all with just a few days. If you want to take this exact trip, you can download our Rome Itinerary, or book the same tours and hotels we did: Augusta Lucilla Palace Hotel Pantheon Skip the Line Tickets  Vatican Museum & Sistine Chapel Skip the Line Tickets  Colosseum Underground, Roman Forum, Palatine Hill  St Peter's Basilica & Dome: Guided Tour - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Trips You Can Join: New River Gorge Rafting Weekend June 7-10, 2024 Shop: Trip Itineraries, Amazon Storefront and TSP Merch Connect: YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram and contact us at travelsquadpodcast@gmail.com to submit a question of the week or inquire about guest interviews and advertising. Submit a question of the week or inquire about guest interviews and advertising. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/travel-squad-podcast/support

Join me in this VAGABOND SHORT episode, where I whisk you away on a whirlwind tour of Rome, unveiling its timeless allure and hidden treasures. 7. Roman Forum: Wander through the ancient ruins of the Roman Forum, where the past comes to life amidst broken columns and crumbling temples. It's a journey through time you won't soon forget. 6. Piazza Navona: Immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of Piazza Navona, where bustling cafes and street performers captivate your senses. It's the perfect place to soak in the essence of Roman life. 5. Spanish Steps: Take a moment to relax on the Spanish Steps, a beloved gathering place for locals and tourists alike. Climb to the top for panoramic views of the city below. 4. Trevi Fountain: Make a wish at the iconic Trevi Fountain, where tossing a coin guarantees your return to Rome. Let the sound of cascading water transport you to a realm of myth and magic. 3.The Pantheon: Behold the architectural marvel of the Pantheon, a 2000-year-old temple dedicated to the gods. Stand beneath its dome and witness the interplay of light and shadow. 2. The Colosseum: Step into ancient history at the grand Colosseum, where echoes of gladiator battles still resonate. Marvel at its colossal arches and imagine the roar of the crowd. 1. Vatican City: Explore the smallest country in the world, home to the Vatican Museums and Michelangelo's masterpiece, the Sistine Chapel. Walk in the footsteps of pilgrims and art enthusiasts alike. Links and Resources: For more information on Rome's top attractions, visit: - Colosseum - Vatican Museums - Pantheon - Trevi Fountain - Roman Forum - Spanish Steps - Piazza Navona Stay curious, keep exploring, and embrace the wanderlust with The Radio Vagabond.

Join me in this VAGABOND SHORT episode, where I whisk you away on a whirlwind tour of Rome, unveiling its timeless allure and hidden treasures. 7. Roman Forum: Wander through the ancient ruins of the Roman Forum, where the past comes to life amidst broken columns and crumbling temples. It's a journey through time you won't soon forget. 6. Piazza Navona: Immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of Piazza Navona, where bustling cafes and street performers captivate your senses. It's the perfect place to soak in the essence of Roman life. 5. Spanish Steps: Take a moment to relax on the Spanish Steps, a beloved gathering place for locals and tourists alike. Climb to the top for panoramic views of the city below. 4. Trevi Fountain: Make a wish at the iconic Trevi Fountain, where tossing a coin guarantees your return to Rome. Let the sound of cascading water transport you to a realm of myth and magic. 3.The Pantheon: Behold the architectural marvel of the Pantheon, a 2000-year-old temple dedicated to the gods. Stand beneath its dome and witness the interplay of light and shadow. 2. The Colosseum: Step into ancient history at the grand Colosseum, where echoes of gladiator battles still resonate. Marvel at its colossal arches and imagine the roar of the crowd. 1. Vatican City: Explore the smallest country in the world, home to the Vatican Museums and Michelangelo's masterpiece, the Sistine Chapel. Walk in the footsteps of pilgrims and art enthusiasts alike. Links and Resources: For more information on Rome's top attractions, visit: - Colosseum - Vatican Museums - Pantheon - Trevi Fountain - Roman Forum - Spanish Steps - Piazza Navona Stay curious, keep exploring, and embrace the wanderlust with The Radio Vagabond.

Dr. John Rao drops in to tell Laurie and Spencer about Traditionalism, The Roman School, Dorothy Day’s Catholicism, and his critique of Emmanuel Mounier’s brand of Personalism. You can find his writings here: http://jcrao.freeshell.org/, and his work with The Roman Forum here: http://www.romanforum.org/

Dr. John Rao drops in to tell Laurie and Spencer about Traditionalism, The Roman School, Dorothy Day's Catholicism, and his critique of Emmanuel Mounier's brand of Personalism. You can find his writings here: http://jcrao.freeshell.org/, and his work with The Roman Forum here: http://www.romanforum.org/

#Londinium90AD: Gaius & Germanicus compare the smears and lawfare of Cicero's Rome with the smears and lawfare of US politicss: no dofference.Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @Michalis_Vlahos https://www.telegraph.co.uk/us/politics/2024/02/11/donald-trump-russia-nato-allies/ 1872 Roman Forum

Hear about travel to Croatia's Istrian Peninsula as the Amateur Traveler talks to Olivia from inspiredbycroatia.com about her adopted country. https://amateurtraveler.com/travel-to-croatias-istrian-peninsula/ Why should you go to the Istrian Peninsula? Olivia says, "I think that Istria is still a little bit underrated. Personally, I like to Talk about it as this like a fairytale like region. It has quite a strong Italian heritage somewhat reminiscent of Tuscany, but with a Croatian flair It's filled with these emerald green hills dotted with medieval villages throughout the food there is absolutely Fantastic." "If you're a foodie you want to go to Istria, their home to lots of truffles, so you'll find truffles in a lot of the dishes there. And then in addition to the green interior, we have the rugged coastline rocky coastline, but beautiful blue pristine water and beaches, and it really just has the best of both worlds." Olivia recommends this itinerary: Day 1: Pula Explore Pula, the largest city in Istria. Visit the Roman Arena, a well-preserved amphitheater. Explore other historic sites like the Temple of Augustus and the ancient Roman Forum. Visit the Museum of Olive Oil and the castle. Drive to Verudela Peninsula for a swim in the sea and explore the rocky coastline. Optional: Attend the Pula Film Festival which is held in July. Day 2: Fažana and Brioni National Park Drive to Fažana, a village 15 minutes north of Pula. Take a day trip to Brijuni National Park, an archipelago with untouched nature and Roman ruins. Explore the islands, including a tourist train ride and optional activities like renting a golf cart or bike, or driving Tito's car. Return to Fažana for a meal at Alla Beccaccia, a family-run restaurant. Day 3: Rovinj Head north to Rovinj, a charming fishing village. Explore the town, visit the church, and walk down Grisea Street. Visit Mediterraneo Bar for a seaside cafe experience. Day 4: Visit the Limfjord Take a boat ride on the Limfjord Head to Bale for a visit to local wineries. Day 5: Porič and Umag Drive to Porič, a seaside town popular among European travelers. Visit the UNESCO World Heritage Site and stroll down the main Roman street. Spend the afternoon walking along the Riviera for swimming. Head further north to Umag, known for the Croatia Open UMAG tennis tournament. Optional: Explore Savudrija and visit the oldest lighthouse. Day 6: Green Istria - Motovun, Grožnjan, Momjan Visit Motovun, a hilltop town known for truffles. Explore the town, visit Truba Jazz and Wine Bar, and possibly attend the Motovon Summer Film Festival. Head to Grožnjan, a charming town known for artists and musicians. Explore the cobblestone streets and visit Truba Jazz and Wine Bar. End the day in Momjan at Kono Bastari Podrum for dinner and Kozlovich Winery for wine tasting. Day 7: Buzet, Truffle Tasting, and Hum Visit Buzet and tour the Aura Distillery for brandies, liqueurs, and gin tasting. Head to Karlić Tartufi for truffle tasting, a truffle hunting experience, and a cooking demonstration. Optional: Stop at Kotli for waterfalls and small pools. Visit the "smallest town in the world", Hum. Enjoy your trip to Istria!

Rome was once the capital of the world, with sprawling borders reaching from the far edges of Europe to the Middle East. The thought of the Roman empire becoming nothing more than ancient ruins visited by tourist would be unfathomable to anyone who lived under Roman rule. But as the old saying goes, nothing last forever. But that truism, is in fact that not actually true. Join Father Graebe as he explains how some things are truly eternal. Break Fast is hosted by Father Brian A. Graebe. Music and production is done by Josh Canevari. Declan Tougias and Kellam Tougias act as Executive Producers. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

When Peter wrote his second letter to the early church from a prison near the Roman Forum, he knew that Nero was going to have him executed. Knowing these would be his final words to the church, Peter packed the letter full of passionate words of encouragement and of warning. He encouraged them to remember all the promises of Jesus. He exhorted them to “make every effort” to live in obedience to Jesus' commands, to love others as He loved, and to grow in holiness. Living in this manner would be a testimony to Whom they belonged and worshiped, and an assurance of their eternal destiny. He closed his letter with the declaration for them to continue to grow in grace and knowledge of Christ—beneficial words for us today.

When Peter wrote his second letter to the early church from a prison near the Roman Forum, he knew that Nero was going to have him executed. Knowing these would be his final words to the church, Peter packed the letter full of passionate words of encouragement and of warning. He encouraged them to remember all the promises of Jesus. He exhorted them to “make every effort” to live in obedience to Jesus' commands, to love others as He loved, and to grow in holiness. Living in this manner would be a testimony to Whom they belonged and worshiped, and an assurance of their eternal destiny. He closed his letter with the declaration for them to continue to grow in grace and knowledge of Christ—beneficial words for us today.

Italy, a mesmerizing country nestled in southern Europe, boasts a rich tapestry of history, culture, and natural beauty that has captivated the world for centuries. Italy is a land of diverse landscapes, from the snow-capped peaks of the Alps in the north to the sun-drenched coasts of the Mediterranean in the south. Renowned for its exquisite cuisine, Italy tantalizes the taste buds with its pasta, pizza, and fine wines. Italy's warm hospitality, passionate people, and timeless allure make it a must-visit destination for travelers seeking a blend of history, art, and natural splendor. So grab your passport, pack a bag and let's journey across the Atlantic to Italy. Some links are affiliate links. See our disclosure. 1. Milan Historic Milan Tour with Skip-the-line Last Supper Ticket We recommend that you stay in Bergamo and spend at least a day there. 2. Cinque Terre Tours to Cinque Terre from the port city of Livorno (if you are on a cruise) 3. Tuscany Tour to Tuscany from Livorno - Wine Tasting & Tuscany Coutryside, San Gimignano & Volterra 4. Rome Walk on the Appian Way Visit the Catacombs Keyhole of the Knights of Malta Trevi Fountain & Spanish Steps (go early in the morning for less crowds) Book a Tour for the Collosseum & Roman Forum - we recommend the Underground One Vatican Early Morning Tour to be one of the first ones in the Sistine Chapel to avoid the crowds Check out the Rome by Golf Cart Tours 5. Pompeii Rick Steves Pompeii Self Guided Audio Tour (all tours in Italy link - Pompeii is at the bottom) Tours of Pompeii 6. Amalfi Coast We hired a driver to take us to the Amalfi Coast from Naples for the day. You can also take the day trip from Sorrento, which is where we would stay and what we would do if we did it again. We would also recommend a Amalfi Coast tour by boat. We would do this next time. 7. Torre Pellice (near Turin) Our recommendation is to find a smaller town (like Torre Pellice) in Italy and stay in a guesthouse or a room in someone's home and spend some time getting to know a family and more about the local culture. You may be able to eat meals in their home or at least find out their favorite local places. What's on our Italy Bucket List: The Dolomites, Venice, Florence, Sicily, Lake Garda & Lake Como, Capri, Sardina, an extended in Tuscany, & spend a few days and nights in Cinque Terre Packing Tips for Italy: Take your camera, Good Walking Shoes for the Cobblestone Streets, Be sure to cover shoulders and knees for going into churches, swimsuit for swimming in the Mediterranean Sea, pack light and use one of our favorite Ebags backpacks (see all our favorite travel things) Read more about this and other travel destinations on our BLOG Follow our travels on Facebook Follow our travels on Instagram here and here Save our travel ideas on Pinterest See our travel videos on You Tube Music Credit Music by OYStudio from Pixabay

In rome and Florence, Jarred and I walked in and out of several different buildings and churches.  We walked up and down the cobblestone streets lined with buildings. We saw buildings and structures and rodeways that have been there for centuries! The Roman Forum, where goods were traded and sold like a street market or fair, was built before Christ's time. The Colosseum was finished in 80 AD.  Over 2000 years! Almost back to Christ's time on the earth! And many other buildings and structures like Michaelangelo's David which was finished in 1504 that have been standing for centuries.  As Jarred and I were walking around and marveling at the structures, the stories, the history, all of it, I remember having a conversation about how they made things to last.  When the people built their buildings, they were meant to stand the tests of time.  They have been able to withstand weather, flooding, natural disasters, and all sorts of catastrophes through the years. And there I was, hundreds and thousands of years later, walking around and getting to see what was there. I asked Jarred, what are we building that lasts? What are we building that we could leave our kids, grandkids, and great grandkids? Join in to this week's podcast as we talk about the 2 things I think that last and matter: Knowledge Relationships We will discuss how to nurture and make those things last! Eternal Marriage by F. Burton Howard Remember What Matters Most by M. Russell Ballard

Welcome to ancient Rome. In this episode you will be walking the along the historic streets of the Roman Forum which was the heart and soul of the Roman Empire from 800 BC to 400 AD. You will hear about all the temples, basilicas and emperors of Rome in that time. We take you down the main boulevard of the Forum where the emperors would parade with their spoils of far away victories, which always included gold, plants and many exotic animals that no-one had ever seen before. We tell you all about the most famous leader of all – Caeser – his life and how he died. Palatine Hill overlooks the forum area and this is where the emperors built their palaces. Listen as we take you up the 7 levels of the Imperial ramp with its 35 metre high ceilings to the top of Palatine Hill. We share the views from the top and also the remains of the palaces and their private grounds, including a swimming pool and private arena. Walk with us as we leave the Forum past Titus's arch and enter one of the most well-known historic buildings in the world – the Colosseum. We were able to visit the arena floor which is where all the action happened and get a great insight into the tunnels, cells and trapdoors (spoiler alert - there were 88 of them). Listen as we transport you to those ancient times when the Colosseum was at capacity with 50,000 screaming spectators enjoying the “entertainment” of the day. You will want to stay listening to the end to find out exactly what that entertainment was – you might not call it entertainment and also what the crowds had barbecued for lunch.  And no, it wasn't another shrimp on the barbie. Don't forget if you want to see all the pictures and find the link to the tour we did in this episode then click here www.beachtravelwine.com/podcast/66/rome If you know anyone planning trip to Italy then please share our Italy podcasts with them at www.beachtravelwine.com/italy Please enjoy episode 66 all about Ancient Rome.  Find us at www.beachtravelwine.com --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/leanne-mccabe/message

A Journey Through History Rome's history spans over 2,000 years, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. From its legendary founding by Romulus and Remus to its evolution into the capital of the mighty Roman Empire, the city has played a pivotal role in shaping Western civilization. Rome is a treasure trove of architectural marvels that showcase the skill and creativity of generations past. The Colosseum, an imposing amphitheater, symbolizes ancient Roman engineering and entertainment. Its grandeur and the stories of gladiators and epic battles that once took place within its walls continue to inspire awe. If you are taking a tour, book the ground flour tour. You will need half a day to explore the Colosseum.Another architectural gem is the Pantheon, a feat of engineering and design with its perfectly preserved dome and oculus. Originally built as a temple to honor the gods, the Pantheon's dome remains the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world, a testament to the ingenuity of Roman architects. It is a quick visit and larger than most expect!Architectural MarvelsAnother exciting spot is Largo di Torre Argentina, where Julius Caesar was assassinated. Also known as the Area Sacra, this area is a large sunken square containing the ruins of four ancient temples and the Curia of Pompey. Area Sacra is another quick visit.For more historical sites, visit the Victor Emmanuel II National Monument and the Forum and Palatine Hill. The Victor Emmanuel II National Monument is a large national monument built between 1885 and 1935 to honor Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy. The iconic Roman Forum, a sprawling archaeological site, offers a glimpse into ancient Rome's political, social, and religious life. Walking through these ancient ruins, one can almost hear the echoes of the past and imagine the grandeur of the empire that once ruled a vast expanse of the world.The Forum and Palatine Hill are where you can find Octavian's (also known as Ceaser Agustus) house, the imperial palace, and where Romulus, the founder of Rome, lived. You will need a full day or two to explore the vast area has a multitude of history.All the churches in Rome are spectacular. You can walk into any for a beautiful historical and moving site. A favorite church in Rome was Sant'Ignazio of Loyola Church.Vatican City: A Spiritual CenterNestled within the city of Rome, Vatican City is the smallest independent state in the world and the spiritual epicenter of the Roman Catholic Church. Home to the awe-inspiring St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican Museums, this tiny enclave is a pilgrimage site for millions of faithful and art enthusiasts.St. Peter's Basilica, with its imposing dome and breathtaking interior, is a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture. The Vatican Museums house an extraordinary collection of art and artifacts amassed by the Catholic Church over centuries, including Michelangelo's stunning frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.Remember, you must walk up the dome about 500 stairs to get to the top of St. Peter's Basilica. Pay a bit extra to take the elevator or wear comfy shoes because you still need to walk 300 stairs even with taking the elevator. Don't forget to tour the Sistine Chapel. With all its facets, you can spend as little as one and as many as three days at the Vatican. They have self-guided and private tours. Don't forget to book entry & all tours.The Art If you are a lover of "Arte," the Borghese art museum is a must-see. Here, explore the works of Raphael, such as Young Woman with Unicorn, and works by Caravaggio. This museum is also one of the few sites where you don't need to pre-book or get a guide. However, the museum only allows a certain number of people each hour.Culinary DelightsItalian cuisine is renowned worldwide, and Rome is no exception. From classic pasta dishes like carbonara and cacio e pepe to mouth-watering pizzas and gelato, the city's culinary scene is a delight for the senses. Trattorias and osterias line the charming cobblestone streets, offering a chance to savor authentic flavors passed down through generations. Our top picks for all things “buonissimo” are Tempio di Bacco, Gallura. Tempio di Bacco is a delicious local spot where the owner is quite friendly. Gallura is outstanding dining with a modern twist. Don't forget to stop for gelato.Exploring the NeighborhoodsRome's neighborhoods each have a unique character and charm. With its narrow streets and colorful buildings, Trastevere exudes a bohemian atmosphere. The Spanish Steps and the Trevi Fountain are located in the charming area of Piazza di Spagna. The Trevi Fountain and the Spanish Steps are gorgeous. At the top of the Spanish Steps, The Church of the Santissima Trinità dei Monti can be found. At the same time, the historic Jewish Ghetto offers a glimpse into a lesser-known facet of Rome's history. Where to StayBook a room at the Westin Excelsior Rome for the perfect stay when in Rome. Should You Visit Rome?Rome, Italy, is a city that encapsulates the essence of human achievement, creativity, and endurance. From its ancient ruins to its modern-day vibrancy, every corner of Rome tells a story of the past and present. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an art lover, a food connoisseur, or a traveler seeking beauty and inspiration, Rome offers an unforgettable experience that will leave an indelible mark on your heart and soul. So, pack your bags and embark on a journey to the eternal city that has captured the imagination of countless generations.

My special guest this first weekend in June on Vatican Insider's interview segment is Fr. David Hulshof, director of Apostolic Formation at the Pontifical North American College in Rome. Part I of our conversation aired last weekend.There are a number of apostolates that are mandatory for all seminarians during their formation years such as working with the poor and homeless, with refugees, visiting patients in hospitals, being a guide in St. Peter's Basilica and working in an Italian parish. Fr. David explains the apostolates offered at NAC, and you will revel in his passion and joy for the priesthood, the apostolates and especially for the current class of seminarians. In this photo, Fr. David (l) was one of three guests at the May edition of EWTN's Roman Nights that took place in the historic Palazzo Grillo that overlooks the Roman Forum. The theme chosen for the gathering was “Charity Within the Church and Given by the Church.” Guest speakers were Ambassador Antonio Zanardi Landi of the Order of Malta to the Holy See, Dr. Alessandro Pernigo, of the Board of Directors for the Bio Medico University Campus of Roma, and Fr. David.

My special guest this first weekend in June on Vatican Insider's interview segment is Fr. David Hulshof, director of Apostolic Formation at the Pontifical North American College in Rome. Part I of our conversation aired last weekend.There are a number of apostolates that are mandatory for all seminarians during their formation years such as working with the poor and homeless, with refugees, visiting patients in hospitals, being a guide in St. Peter's Basilica and working in an Italian parish. Fr. David explains the apostolates offered at NAC, and you will revel in his passion and joy for the priesthood, the apostolates and especially for the current class of seminarians. In this photo, Fr. David (l) was one of three guests at the May edition of EWTN's Roman Nights that took place in the historic Palazzo Grillo that overlooks the Roman Forum. The theme chosen for the gathering was “Charity Within the Church and Given by the Church.” Guest speakers were Ambassador Antonio Zanardi Landi of the Order of Malta to the Holy See, Dr. Alessandro Pernigo, of the Board of Directors for the Bio Medico University Campus of Roma, and Fr. David.

There are a number of apostolates that are mandatory for all seminarians during their formation years such as working with the poor and homeless, with refugees, visiting patients in hospitals, being a guide in St. Peter's Basilica and working in an Italian parish. Fr. David explains the apostolates offered at NAC, and you will revel in his passion and joy for the priesthood, the apostolates and especially for the current class of seminarians. In this photo, Fr. David (l) was one of three guests at the May edition of EWTN's Roman Nights that took place in the historic Palazzo Grillo that overlooks the Roman Forum. The theme chosen for the gathering was “Charity Within the Church and Given by the Church.” Guest speakers were Ambassador Antonio Zanardi Landi of the Order of Malta to the Holy See, Dr. Alessandro Pernigo, of the Board of Directors for the Bio Medico University Campus of Roma, and Fr. David.

#traditional #catholic For the Whole Christ: Catholic Christendom versus Revolutionary Disorder (Volume 1 of Dr. John Rao's Collected Works) https://aroucapress.com/for-the-whole-christ-1   What is the Roman Forum? https://onepeterfive.com/what-is-roman-forum/   The Roman Forum http://www.romanforum.org/symposium/summer2023/   LISTEN TO the Roman Forum lectures ARCHIVE: […]

#traditional #catholic For the Whole Christ: Catholic Christendom versus Revolutionary Disorder (Volume 1 of Dr. John Rao's Collected Works) https://aroucapress.com/for-the-whole-christ-1What is the Roman Forum? https://onepeterfive.com/what-is-roman-forum/The Roman Forum http://www.romanforum.org/symposium/summer2023/LISTEN TO the Roman Forum lectures ARCHIVE: https://soundcloud.com/ben-horvath-5/sets/roman-forum

Joe Mulinaro joins the Passion for Italy Travel crew. He will be having a number of guests join him to discuss their trips to Italy.In this episode of the Podcast, Joe invites his wife, Lori, to discuss her recent trip to Italy where they visited Rome, Florence, Positano, and Capri. In this first show, they discuss the Rome portion of the vacation. They start with their planning and flight. The episode continues with five days of filling their agenda with all the major points of Rome.Monti District, Santa Maria Maggiore, Spanish Steps, Piazza Republica, Altar of the FatherlandVilla Borghese, Laghetto, Piazza del Popolo, Via Del Corso, Trevi FountainVatican Musuem tour, Castel Sant Angelo, Piazza Navona, Pantheon, Campo di Fiore, St Agnes Church, Piazza Venezia, St Peter's BasilicaColosseum, Roman Forum, Palatine Hill, Teatro Marcello, Jewish Ghetto, Capitoline Museum, Tiber IslandSo much, pizza, pasta, wine, gelato and cornetti.

David Downie shares insights about the great Italian capital city, used as the setting for his new mystery/thriller Roman Roulette.He tells us why he chose Rome as the setting of his newest book, and talks with Lea about not-to-miss sites and insider suggestions of what to do and see. We talk of food specialties, and top destinations just outside of Rome, including Ostia, and Tivoli. David ends the episode with a special memory of Rome that brings together past and present._____Born in San Francisco, David Downie is a multilingual Paris-Italian based American nonfiction author, crime novelist and journalist who writes most often about culture, food and travel. Order Roman Roulette from your local indie bookstore online (or in person) or from Amazon (if you must):_____Podcast host Lea Lane blogs at forbes.com, has traveled to over 100 countries, written nine books, including the award-winning Places I Remember,  (Kirkus Reviews: star rating and "one of the top Indie books" of  the year. ) She has contributed to many guidebooks and has written thousands of travel articles. Contact Lea!  @lealane on Twitter; PlacesIRememberLeaLane on Insta; on  Facebook, it's Places I Remember with Lea Lane. Website: placesirememberlealane.com.  New episodes drop every other week, on Tuesdays. Please tell travel lovers about us, and follow, rate and review this award-winning travel podcast.

February 2: The Presentation of the Lord Feast; Liturgical Color: White God goes to Church The various names, meanings, and traditions overlapping in today's Feast churn like the crystals in a kaleidoscope, revealing one image and then another with every slight rotation of the tube. The Presentation of the Lord in the Temple is, rotate, also the Purification of Mary. But, rotate, it's also known as the “Meeting of the Lord” in the Christian East. And, rotate, it's also the Feast of Candlemas, marking forty days after Christmas. The multiple names and meanings of today's Feast have given birth to surprisingly broad and varied cultural expressions. The biblical account of the Presentation is the source for the “two turtle doves” in the carol “The Twelve Days of Christmas,” for the sword piercing Mary's Immaculate Heart in Catholic iconography, for the Fourth Joyful Mystery of the rosary, and for the Canticle prayed by all the world's priests and nuns every single night of their lives. The Presentation is even the remote source of the frivolous American folkloric tradition of Groundhog Day. Behind all of these names and meanings are, however, a few fundamental theological facts worthy of reflection. The Lord Jesus Christ, forty days after His birth, in keeping with both the biblical significance of the number forty and with Jewish custom, was presented in the temple in Jerusalem by His parents, Mary and Joseph. Saint Luke's Gospel recounts the story. After the Presentation, Jesus was to enter the temple again as a boy and later as an adult. He would even refer to His own body as a temple which He would raise up in three days. Jesus's life was a continual self-gift to God the Father from the very beginning to the very end. His parents did not carry their infant Son to a holy mountain, a sacred spring, or a magical forest. It was in His temple that the God of Israel was most present, so they brought their Son to God Himself, not just to a reflection of Him in nature. The extraordinarily beautiful temple in Jerusalem, the building where Jesus was presented by His parents, was burned to ashes by a powerful Roman army under the future Emperor Titus in 70 A.D. It was never rebuilt. A tourist in Rome can, even today, gaze up at the marble depictions of the sack of the Jerusalem Temple carved on the inside vaults of the Arch of Titus in the Roman Forum. Christianity has never had just one sacred place equivalent to the Jewish Temple or the Muslims' Kaaba in Mecca. Christianity is historical, yes, but it has a global reach rising above any one culture or region. Christ is destined for all cultures and all times. Every Catholic church with the Blessed Sacrament is a Holy of Holies, which fully expresses the deepest mysteries of our faith. There is no strict need to go on pilgrimage to Rome or to Jerusalem once in your life. But you do have to go on pilgrimage to your local parish once a week for Mass. Every Catholic church in every place, not just one building in one place, encompasses and transmits the entirety of our faith. God's hand must have been involved in the headship of the Church migrating from Jerusalem to Rome in the first century. Our Pope does not live in the historical cradle of the faith he represents, because Saint Peter saw no need to remain in Jerusalem in order to be faithful to his Master. The Church is where Christ is, Christ is in the Holy Eucharist, and the Holy Eucharist is everywhere. We go to church, as the Jews went to their one temple or to their many synagogues, because God is more God in a church. And when we experience the true God, we experience our true selves. That is, we are more us when God is more God. God is interpreted according to the mode of the interpreter when He is sought in a glowing sunset, a rushing waterfall, or a stunning mountain. In nature, God is whoever the seeker wants Him to be. In a church, however, God is protected from misinterpretation. He is surrounded and protected by His priests, saints, sacraments, music, art, and worship. In a church, God is fully clothed, equipped, and armored. He is less likely to be misunderstood. So we go to find Him there, to dedicate ourselves to Him there, and to receive Him there in His Body and in His Blood. Lord Jesus, as an infant You were brought to the temple by Your parents out of religious duty. Help all parents to take their duties to God seriously, to inculcate their faith in the next generation by their words and actions, so that the faith will be handed on where the faith is first learned—in the family and in the home.

December 25: The Nativity of the Lord (Christmas) c. 0 Solemnity Liturgical Color: White God robes Himself in flesh, and mission impossible begins Since the dawn of time the pages of pagan mythology filled men's imaginations to the brim with wondrous stories. Educated men who could read and write Latin and Greek, broad-minded men trained in philosophy, believed that the forests were thick with fairies, that the god of war launched thunderbolts across the sky, that a wise man carried the moon and the stars in a box, and that ravens prophesied. Some ancients wore a leather pouch around their necks stuffed with crystals to ward off evil spirits. Others bowed to the morning sun to thank that great ball of fire for rising. And then…it all ended. A tired world retreated as man's true story swept like fire over the earth. In 380 A.D. an imperial decree established the faith preached by the Apostle Peter to the Romans as the religion of the empire. Grass grew high in the Roman Forum. Weeds pushed through the cracked marble slabs of the ancient temples. Cows grazed where senators in white togas once offered incense to the god of this or the god of that. The priests walked away. Pagan altars crumbled. The vestal virgins found husbands. No one cared. Gorgeous marble was removed from abandoned temples and reused to clad Christian Basilicas in glory. Candles now burned before a new God-man hanging on a cross. Slowly, imperceptibly, God the Father's hands were molding and forming and shaping a new Christian culture—our culture. Christmas is the night the future began. When we hear now that a cow jumped over the moon, that a nocturnal fairy trades coins for teeth, or that a pot of gold sits at the end of the rainbow, we chuckle and slap our knee. The river of mythology had always run parallel to the river of philosophy. But in Christ these channels merge. In the Christian land, the river of truth flows into the river of the imagination. Ancient myths did not precisely disappear but were purified and fused with the new Christian reality. Magic and meaning formed into one beautiful, sacramental, compelling, intellectually satisfying force. Yet the Christian God became a man, not a book. And He did not come just to end mythology but in order to die. God came so close to us that we killed Him. God became man, paradoxically, so that He could cease to be God and taste death. Without this sacrifice, without this being-for-death, we would be unable to interpret nature, suffering, love, death, or war. We did nothing to merit such a generous, self-emptying God. There is nothing here but grace. At Christmas, then, we commemorate not our search for God but God's search for us. His searching and finding were His first mission. It is our duty to respond to this mission. God's search for us does not cease as December rolls over into January. Christ's voice never quiets and His steps never pause. Every day of every year He is walking at our side, waiting for our response: “Yes” or “No.” And with that “Yes” or “No,” our eternity hangs in the balance. A small God is an attractive God. Christmas is the day of days for this reason—it is easy to believe in God today. Christmas makes it simple to say “Yes” to God's plan for our lives. Yet that baby, like all babies, grows up. And as He grows, He will become more demanding and more specific in His expectations of us. And our responses to Him will become nuanced and more complex. He will be a bit harder to love and much more challenging to serve. Christ will not judge us from a crib at the end of time. When His eyes sparkle like diamonds and His voice crashes like thunder at the Last Judgment, He will be the towering Christ. So while we fall in love with the Babe in the manger, we must mature with Him as the years pass.  There's a thousand ways to begin a story: “So, there I was”; “In a land far, far away”; “Once upon a time.” The Christian story starts, “This is how the birth of Jesus Christ came about…” This wondrous beginning leads to a tragic middle and a rousing end. It is the story of Jesus Christ, Emmanuel, God with us. He is born of Mary but is, more deeply, from the Father. The Christ Child is the wordless Word who begins His daring mission in all humility. He beckons us closer to the crib for a moment, but many stay at His side their entire lives. We stay because we have real questions that demand real answers that can be found nowhere else except in the Church. While all other stories fade, the Christ story becomes more and more true as we mature. This story alone gives meaning to death, purpose to suffering, cause for joy, and consolation to the broken. This story alone rises above any one culture, city, language, or nation. Its plot is everyone's drama, its heartbreak everyone's sorrow, and its victory everyone's prize. This is the story of Jesus Christ, and this story begins today. Christ in the manger, Your humble coming as man fills us with hope that our lives matter, that God is truly with us, and that we are never alone, even in death. You shared our human nature in every way but sin, and so give us hope that we will one day share life in heaven with You.

The guys wrap up their look at Book 7 this week but not before transgressing a few more liminal spaces. When Latinus throws up his hands at the storm gathering around him and his neighbors, it is up to Juno herself to descend and open the Gates of War. While this is the moment in the epic where the Iliadic violence of the second half is officially unleashed, these Gates also point to a Roman reality—the Temple of Janus and the Gates of War in the Roman Forum. A (worthy, we think) digression takes us into the history of these gates and this strange, two-faced deity. We end with a breakdown of Turnus' puzzling fashion choices on the battlefield, and a glimpse at the extraordinary swift-footed, wheat-sprinting, water-skipping warrioress, Camilla.  Keep an eye on this gal.

Why were the people building the Tower of Babel? What was their goal? They were trying to “make a name for themselves” but more subtly, they are building a Gate to God. The root word of Babel means “Gate of God.” Think of Stargate or a science-fiction Portal if it helps you. The Tower is a gateway to bring God near, to control God, to pull him down to earth. There is metaphor here in the Tower, obviously, but metaphor is how we remember and re-tell stories of great meaning. If we were robots we could just use zeroes and ones, but a Tower or Gate to heaven is meant to invoke the image of man overtaking God, which is the reverse of humility before God. Since God made us in his image and likeness, with a body and soul together, God is obviously not a robot. Thank God for that. I, for one, am glad, because staring at code all day at work does not stir me like hearing a well-told story does. Here's the central theme of Babel. If we can pull God down, and lift up ourselves, then we can become god. We can then make God into a kind of pet. That is quite a different idea of God from the great quote from St. Athanasius about why Jesus came to earth. “God became man so that man might become God.” That is a great quote, but wow, it can be easily misunderstood. This makes it sound like through prayer we can become God himself, and hardly sounds different than some of the modern meditation practices that are being used. Karlo Broussard says of this quote: “According to the original Greek of St. Athanasius, the phrase, “that we might become God” is better translated as ‘that we might be deified.'…The idea of sharing in the divine nature means we share what philosophers and theologians identify as God's communicable attributes (goodness, holiness, and love) as opposed to his incommunicable ones (omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence, and absolute simplicity).St. Athanasius could have made it easier for us and just said that we can become like God, with the full understanding that we can never become God. That distinction is enormous to gaining understanding of what it means to work toward sanctification and holiness in the Christian life. You can never be God. That's off-limits and impossible. But, you can partake in God's divine nature, particularly through prayer and receiving the Eucharist at Mass. But we never, ever, become God. Not with a million prayers or pushups or a perfect college entry exam score. The addition of the word “like” in his quote has critical meaning, because without it, we might as well be chasing after our divine selves in New Age religions. We are creatures, not divine, made like God - but must never forget that we are not God. That may have been the greatest discovery of my life. What a relief!What Babel is attempting is to justify our behavior by making God into an idol that performs vending machine operations. This God has an LED screen that reads, “Insert two dollars. Press B12 for a sandwich. C36 for drunkenness. F25 for group sex. G31 for an orgy.” At Ziggurats, the priests sacrificed people or animals, but with our vending-machine god we can just use quarters and get whatever we want approved. It's the same thing. People who assume prayer will direct God to take action are making the same assumptions of those at Babel. Prayer is powerful, but not if it's meant to control God, or if it's perceived as controlling God. In fact, again, the atheist may be better off than this person who misunderstands prayer, because prayer used in this way could just as well be a child sacrifice to bring the rain. What's the difference? Both are attempts at controlling God. We can pray for requests, but we must pray for God's will to be done, not ours. The vending machine god of Babel is just as powerless and useless as the absentee God of the Deists. While it probably looked exciting watching sacrifices on those altars at Babel, it was really just the denial of the one God, the God Most High. This is why when Jesus came, he corrected the record and said, “I desire mercy, not sacrifice.” What a statement! What about all those sacrifices in the Temple of Jerusalem? What about all that stuff in Leviticus and Numbers about the goats? I would like to go there now, but I'll continue with Babel or I'll never finish. (If this topic of sacrifice interests you at all, I highly suggest listening to the Lord of Spirits podcast - all of it, from the beginning to the end). The builders of Babel, and the deists like Franklin, and the atheists like Richard Dawkins are all doing the same thing in the end. They are speaking the common language, but Dawkins is the only one who really puts all his chips in the middle and lays his cards on the table. Atheists don't buy the bluff about Baal the storm god and know that the deists are just hedging bets on a bad hand. The only card player left for them is those who believe in the one God. The cool thing about atheists is that they are closer to coming back to belief in the one God than they ever realize, or would ever care to admit, because they've seen through all the smoke and mirrors of the meaningless and dead gods. The reality is this: the builders at Babel are trying to appease a god that is a convenient projection of their own power and desire, while the Deists of early America are tipping their wigs at a dead or fully absent version of God. The ziggurats in America are courts and the Statue of Liberty. Next time you see the Statue of Liberty in New York, you can ponder our worship of “Liberty” and consider the Tower of Babel. Dawkins just says what everyone else in power was thinking all along, which is this: God doesn't matter. He is saying that the Emperor has no clothes. He is also like the Emperor Napoleon, when an officer suggested that “God willing” they would take Brussels in the morning. Napoleon allegedly said, “God? God has nothing to do with it.” That's the same answer Dawkins gives. To Dawkins, the only towers or cathedrals that ever existed were in the mind of those built by mitosis. There is no God, or gods, living or otherwise, outside of our brains. Of course, Dawkins' grand bet on the selfish gene goes too far. He's all in with all the answers, but he left out of the equation an important variable. He fails to solve for Y, as in “Y are we here?” That is the problem with this worldview, because in a world without meaning, you have to live in that world. So does everyone else, and everyone else is not necessarily an educated PhD who can spend a lifetime inspecting in all corners of science and history. Everyone else lacks the funds and leisure time to find meaning. Everyone else, for the most part, in the end, has to rely on what someone says is true. I take it on faith that germs cause disease and not fairies, even though I have never actually saw either of them infect a person. Dawkins and company can win arguments about how the world works, but what they cannot win an arguments about is why a sunset is beautiful. When there is no satisfactory ultimate why, people spend a lifetime searching for that variable. In the end, what the world without a living God results in is someone else taking control by force and dictating that the value of Y must be what they say it is, simply because they said so. So even though I'm not a Dawkins fan, at least he isn't hedging his bets. He's all in, and I actually think deniers like him are closer to finding God than the builders of Babel or the deists like Franklin ever were. Having the door half-open to God is like letting the heat out of the house in winter. At some point, you have to make up your mind to go outside or stay inside. This makes me realize, truly, that we should pray for Richard Dawkins. He may end up bringing more people back to faith in God than we could have ever realized. He is almost at the top of the circle, since when we run away from God, we often find ourselves running right into the arms of God. At Babel, the builders may think there is a God at the end of their staircase, but if they think God can be extracted somehow, or pulled into the universe, then they have actually rejected God. They have invented something new that is not God, not the one true God. I will be coming back to this, because there is something happening at these temples, it's just not what the builders think it is. The God of Israel is outside of time and space. He cannot be accessed via a portal, or gate, or tower. The living Creator God is beyond our understanding. He is transcendent and immanent, near and far. We can know he is living, that his will is being played out at all times, but we cannot control or change God. I don't know how, but even children can understand that God is alive, that he is real. What is being done at the Tower of Babel is the creation of idols, which replace God, reduce God, and substitute God with man-made ideas and desires. An idol is the god of a cynic, not of one who has the faith of a child. When the concept of God nosedives from a living Creator God outside of time and space, it becomes nothing more than a local god that can be manipulated through a gate or a tower. What inevitably follows is that there is no longer sin, or rather, certain sins are approved while others are outlawed. It just depends on who holds power. This is happening before our eyes in America today. An elaborate ritual in a ziggurat is just a big ruse, a power play, but what is really happening is the attempt to control the concept of “God,” because gaining the upper ground on that idea is required to justify whatever behavior those in power want to dictate as acceptable behavior. In our case today, an already bad concept of God is being reduced further as Redditors and public school administrators go to great lengths to ensure that even the word God is removed from our mouths. You can't even say God today at work or at school without potentially losing your job. Interestingly, talk of “sin” is becoming less common at church, which is a clear sign that there is a widespread lack of understanding of the God of Christianity, because you cannot understand your need for God unless you understand your own weakness in sin. The affirmation of sin is the voice of the culture today, and where sin is denied, ziggurats of the mind are constructed. Today, we are witnessing the outcome of what happens when the idea of Dawkins are taken to its logical conclusion. The reason Dawkins is a fool is that he doesn't understand what the builders at Babel and the deists like Franklin understood well. The emperors and Founders of history knew that people needed religion, and to pull that rug out from society would cause the city itself to collapse. Dawkins has a middle-school concept of God that he never outgrew. He's also operating as an autonomous speaker of “his truth” without a plan or concept of how to organize a world. He doesn't have employees or mouths to feed or an economy to plan. In the walled-in academic world where the idea of “no souls” exists, Dawkins fails to realize something rather large. His theory of the “Selfish Gene” starts from the bottom, instead of the top, and therefore he cannot describe the whole. His answer of “Because of genes!” is too simple. A toe does not describe the wholeness of a person any more than a gene does, and genes cannot explain the totality of human nature. Dawkins is so smart, but he can't understand what farmers and mothers with no education understand perfectly well. You would think an evolutionary biologist would be very equipped to understand the parable of the grain of wheat, but somehow he misses it completely. We need religion. People need religion. Or they will find one. And it won't be what you expect. In the clean, childless world of our universities, ideas sound good that lack depth. Dawkins' answer is from the atomic layer, and he emerges from a quiet library to tell us that we are nothing but atoms. Meanwhile the bustle of the street doesn't hear a word he's said, because life is happening far beyond the atomic layer. When Dawkins' burst forth from his library, he was telling a very different message from what the apostles told when they emerged from the Upper Room at Pentecost, after having received the breath of life, touched by tongues of fire. No, when Dawkins and his disciples emerged in their lab coats to tell us the good news, their message was that respiration is a selfish act to propagate our genes and that there is no meaning to any of it. The apostles had a message of eternal life, while Dawkins made us ponder suicide. So while I commend Dawkins for his honesty, he is actually more foolish than the leaders of Babel. At least the leaders at Babel are offering something to believe in: “Look, here's a tower. It's a Gate to God. See?” And Jefferson and Franklin offer something, too: “Look, here's a sacred document, a Constitution, where we make a nod to God - and also - over there - see the Statue of Liberty?”Dawkins only offers the abyss. And our brains revolt at the idea. We all know the Big Empty is there, but we don't really want to stand on the edge and look into it. We can't. Not for long. The temptation to believe that Dawkins is right draws us all, as doubt is more natural to us than faith. So even if we dabble in disbelief, most move away from the edge in search of a Higher Power of some kind. The search for God, when thwarted or stifled or silenced, erupts like boils, in strange places and in uncomfortable ways. We are already seeing strange religions being born in America now, almost more strange than that of the pagan gods of Babel or America's traditional worship of the rule of law, wealth, and the slippery thing called “Liberty.” The Tower of Babel may be an expensive lie to justify power, but it is a better attempt at meaning than what Dawkins offers the masses. But again, Dawkins is the only honest one, which is why his idea is the most dangerous. He's the anti-Jesus (I don't want to call him the anti-Christ, because he lacks the charisma needed for that). Dawkins tells us that we are purely material beings without souls. He goes all the way. Most people hold back and speak the old common language that dances around this fact, finding idols and obsessions to occupy or fence off the Big Empty. Dawkins has spent his life shouting this message and now we are seeing what fruit it bears, where we are in fact atomized, solitary beings - kind of like genes. When we are just chemical machines, we act like the “selfish gene” writ large. Again, not only is this message the polar opposite of Christ, but it's brings the polar opposite result. Where people know Christ, they form communities, families, and fellowship. There is warmth amid the struggle. Dawkins inability to get past middle-school in his understanding of God leaves him out on the playground all alone. As we watch millions of community organizations and church groups fading away in America, we are clearly becoming more atomized, as people sit at home watching TV alone instead of joining the Lions' Club or a bowling team. What is worrisome about this is that Hannah Arendt, who dissected the rise of 1930's totalitarianism, said that loneliness, a.k.a atomization, is a first step toward totalitarianism, because isolated people without purpose or faith are attracted to a powerful ideology that delivers some kind of meaning. So yes, Babel may be called a fool's game, or superstitious nonsense, but in our “common language” we already play a fool's game, and are happy to do it because Dawkins' worldview makes Kurt Cobain or Morissey seem light-hearted. We don't want to mope about in atomized solitude knowing that we are nothing more than chemicals, a bunch of matter mixed together. Even if we suspect we are “just a clump of cells” we don't want to live like a meaningless mass of molecules. We want meaning. We want to kick ass and take names. We want to win the Super Bowl and go to Disney World and sleep with all the cheerleaders. We want to fight, or at the very least, to watch the fight. We want stories, winners, losers, heroes, and goats. We'll believe in that Tower of Babel or Statue of Liberty if it allows us some sport, some entertainment, a full belly, and a chance to get a little action on the side. Dawkins was honest, but even crazy Nero understood human beings better.The Tower of Babel could be summed up in the saying, “If you tell them a lie, don't tell a little one, tell a big one.” This saying has been attributed to Lenin, Hitler, Goebbels, and various other dictators, but this saying precedes those infamous names by thousands of years - probably tens of thousands of years. The “Big Lie” is old; it was just perfected in the 20th century and is now being refined. To maintain power, great narratives must be upheld, and Franklin, Jefferson, and Washington knew this. They understood it better than any ruler in the time of Babel, but the ancient leaders also knew it or they wouldn't have started building a Tower in the first place. The pyramids in Egypt are probably the most famous form the big lie. They were not a Gate to God, but a tomb that said the Pharaoh was god. Caesar was known as a god and built great structures to prove the lie. The Eiffel Tower is a Tower built in an era of denying God, built to celebrate our modern obsession with technology and engineering. In an odd reversal of Babel, the Eiffel Tower is almost like a Tower to keep God away. You might say it was the next logical step after the Statue of Liberty. Then you have, finally, the degradation into modern art structures that have absolutely no meaning whatsoever, like the Bean in Chicago or the Cherry on a Spoon in Minnesota. These are as meaningful as the world's largest ball of twine. The modern structures and buildings have no meaning because, well, you guessed it - there is none! The National Endowment for the Arts is on full Richard Dawkins' mode. You can easily see how things get uglier in art and architecture as we move away from the era of Christendom. This can also be observed in modern churches, which Bishop Robert Barron has appropriately titled “Beige Catholicism,” in a lament at the drabness of churches built in the latter part of the 20th century. Countries still build structures to symbolize their chosen-ness, their righteousness. They still try to convince citizens of blessings from above, even after they have stopped pretending that the power of the state is really just from the status quo. If you walk through the Washington D.C. mall or the Roman Forum, you can still feel awe at what the builders of Babel were intending to achieve. They were offering what the band Poison was searching for when Brett Michaels cried out, “Give me something to believe in.” Unfortunately, you will get spoon-fed poison if you are looking for some “thing” to believe in that is not the living Creator God, because he created all of the “things” that you might be offered. If you have a Gate to God, then whoever owns the Gate can conceivably talk to the god and tell us what god wants. Oddly enough, the god always wants what the owner of the Gate wants. What luck! But in reality, a Gate or Tower or Altar or Pyramid that grants access to God, like Delphi in Greece, is really a trick that those in power use to sell their claim to the crown. All of these structures are a way to kill off the true God, the Most High, the one true God, and replace him with a human who pretends to have the ear of God. What happens is that there is no longer a living Creator God. As long as the economy is looking good, most people don't really care, and bread and circuses do nicely for keeping the masses pacified. Still, it's nice to have some kind of feeling that the god has blessed the nation, even if you suspect it's all nonsense. That's the genius of the ancient kings, and that's how the “Divine Right of Kings” went off the rails in Europe. The bogus claim to power as “God-given” was abused so horribly that the French Revolution was bound to happen. Louis XIV even called himself the Sun King while simultaneously claiming to be a practicing Catholic. I will resist the urge to comment on Joe Biden here, but I will say this: those who use Christianity in the same way that the pagans used their gods, are pagans themselves. In other words, paganism never really died. As for all who would like to say it simply moved into Catholicism, I would suggest reading the Catechism of the Catholic Church before repeating what others have said and judge for yourself. The great casualty of this trick about god and power is that there is no redemptive suffering, no forgiveness, and no reason to love one another. If there is no living God, then of course there is no ultimate truth. The obvious answer is to take power for yourself and for your family. People who lambast the faithful for only behaving out of fear of hell suggest that believers would be robbing and looting if not for God. They argue that you can be good without God, but they are making that argument in the days of plenty, when famine and economic meltdown have not yet hit. The rise of atheism has coincided with the most bountiful era of food production and wealth in human history. That is not a coincidence. When the economic winds change and the grocery stores shelves are empty, we will see how “good” people are without God. After all, God helps those who help themselves. Let's now return to the Bible, to Genesis, to look at the world after the Tower of Babel story. There is a key difference in dealing with God in the post-Babel chapters, when Abraham and Jacob show up. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.whydidpetersink.com

In the Tower of Babel story, a common language is being spoken, allowing all people to work together toward this project of pulling God down to earth through this gate to the sky. Let's talk about that common language, because that too has layers to soak through and scratch off. Babylon was a world center, a superpower, like New York or Beijing today, or London or Vienna or yesteryear. You can read as such, where perhaps a common language was indeed spoken, a lingua franca, as that has happened repeatedly in history wherever cities and centers of power emerged. The nation in power dictates what language is used, because it's the language of business and trade. This movement toward one language is not even dictated so much as gravitated toward, because where there is money to be made, people come running. You can watch this happen whenever oil is discovered, or a company is started. Money is honey that draws us like flies.The most powerful nation tends to steer the world into speaking its language, and right now that language is English because America still, for now, holds the tethers of power. In Rome, Latin was the lingua franca. In Greece, it was Koine Greek. At the time when the story of the Tower of Babel was written, it was likely Akkadian. But if you want to get to the deeper meaning of this story, you need to think of the “common language” being spoken as not necessarily Sumerian or Akkadian or English or French or Chinese. The common language is about something much deeper. It is a language that explains why every nation, even every family, is in competition, right up to our time, even shedding light on why Russia and Ukraine are in open war this very instant. How can I explain this? The common language is a mindset, a way of life. If you read this story at a deeper level, the common language is not Sumerian or Akkadian. It is a worldview. Just prior to the story of the Tower of Babel is the Great Flood story, and as soon as the flood subsides, we have a world of Noah and his family left as sole survivors. Obviously they spoke the same language or dinner would have been awkward. Now, a literal reading of this may not jive neatly with our modern concept of history and archaeology (although science is now finding that the Flood story actually does merge surprisingly well with ice age data), but that's not what Genesis is about. As I've said before, you don't go to the Bible to learn about rocks and history, even though there is something to glean there, too. This is a book about the soul, not the cell, nor is it about subjects like geology, anthropology, or philology. It can be useful for those subjects, but it's not about those topics. This is where the disconnect happens for people as we tend to read it with “Google brain,” like machines, instead of people who consist of both a body and a soul. Soon after the flood, we learn of Noah falling into sin (getting drunk and naked like a college student) and that's when the family drama begins, which leads to the splintering of his sons into “the nations.” This idea of “the nations” requires a lengthy digression because of its importance in the understanding the rest of the Bible that follows, which is a thousand pages or so. The last thing we read about before the Tower of Babel is the “Table of Nations” where all the known people groups of the world are listed. So I lied, there are subjects like geography and history in Genesis, but that is not all there is. The “Table of Nations” in Genesis 10 is not just a purely mythical and ethnocentric story made up by an early Hebrew tribesman many hundreds of years “after the [alleged] facts.” It exhibits throughout a genuine knowledge of ancient Near East geography and culture. (Patheos)So who cares about a list of nations that don't match up with the names we use today? Well, I do. But so should you. However, without a tour guide on these boring sections and lists in the Bible, my eyes just glaze over. I would have never known that Javan is Greece, or that Mizraim is Egypt, or that Ashkenaz might have been the German people. We need guides here (I recommend Fr. Stephen de Young and Fr. Andrew Damick: Orthodox priests, Bible scholars, and mythology nerds.) You need a guide or it's too boring and abstract. We use tutors and guides like this for other things, and we should definitely find a guide through the Bible or we will miss why time itself is measured around the birth of Jesus Christ. For instance, if you go to Rome and walk through the Roman Forum, you will just see a bunch of ancient rocks that look mildly interesting and give you a sense of passing time. Without a guide, you will never realize how much history is represented in the weathered stones of say, the Temple of Saturn (which is kind of a Roman version of the Tower of Babel). All of those boring sections in Genesis actually have more happening than we have time to learn today, which is a shame because it's so rich in meaning. Our attention spans have shrunk dramatically. Unless you are a Bible nerd, you can't comb through this stuff without a guide, or multiple guides, and your guides need multiple disciplines of knowledge to even traverse the vast field of information. One great outcome of our modern academic deep dives into science and history is that we have more light shed on obscure texts. At the same time, however, we are in great danger of missing the purpose of the ancient texts when we reduce it to academic research. Studying myths and religion like academics often shoves God right off the stage. While we look for needles in the haystack, we forget that the purpose of the haystack is to feed a flock. We can easily skip over the spiritual part and just turn it into a never-ending study session. If that happens, then you forget that reading the Bible is an encounter with God. To get anything out of the Bible, you have to remember that point. The main point that I'm trying to get across with the question of “Why Did Peter Sink?” is that he falls when he takes his eye off Jesus. Peter sinks in the water because he allows his fears and doubts to take over. In other words, he tried to walk on water independently of God, which he cannot do. He loses his peace and control because he tried to take control, allowing his fears to take over, taking back control that must be given up. This is the great paradox of faith. You must give up control to get any kind of control, to have any kind of miracle happen in your life, as Peter illustrates for us. One last unnecessary metaphor: if we become purely academic in our reading, we will consume scripture like a stale Little Debbie snack instead of savoring it like the rich french silk pie that it is. The same goes for the Eucharist. If you don't believe that the Eucharist is the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ under the appearance of bread, then it is just a flavorless wafer. It's just a symbol, and then what's the point? Why bother? It has to be more than a symbol, just as the word of God has to be the actual Word of God. So please, ask for faith, and keep asking. Keep walking toward Jesus. As we go, Keep your eye on the Savior, not the Baal (Ball. Get it? Stupid joke. Fine, I'll stop.). Noah's family spoke the same language. The nations all came from his sons according to the story. In other words, Noah's family history is way, way back in time. Instantly, our Google brain would like to say, “No, the first homo-sapiens were from the African savannah and they spread out over thousands of years, etc, and the nations formed from tribes and people groups, etc.” To which I would reply: is the narrative of science, at its core, all that different than the story of Adam and Eve in a garden (savannah?) as the first two human parents? And as we have much evidence of ancient flooding from ice ages, is it not reasonable that civilizations were wiped out from rising seas and rivers? Sometimes I think we are talking about the same things when we argue about science and religion, it's just that the sacred writer of Genesis didn't have terabyte storage to give all the details, so the writer crammed all of pre-history into eleven short chapters. Of course we have more data today. Yet somehow archaeology keeps affirming things in Genesis as we go, just as science keeps affirming the Big Bang theory, which came from a priest, of all people, and fits insanely well with Genesis. If you are following the 30,000 year timetable of when modern people emerged across the world, then this story of Noah must be considered deep in history. My money is on 10,000 B.C. since that was the last big flood of the ice ages. Clearly “the nations” took time to develop. The Table of Nations in Genesis 10 indicates that long before the Tower of Babel was built, the worship of One God, the true God, was established, because Noah had been chosen by God to build the ark. If Noah and his family were the only people, and Noah worshipped the Creator God of Genesis, then something dramatic begins to happen after the dispersal of Noah's sons into the world, as in, the worship of other gods. This is where the famous succession myth begins, where a god like Zeus or Baal overthrew the ancient god, the first god. In other words, along with “the nations” come the idea of local gods, because if you break off from the original, you have to create a founding myth and a god that supports the myth. In other words, the schism that forms “the nations” also is the impetus that forms the gods. In the same way, companies are formed, such as how two fired executives of Handy Dan went on to found The Home Depot. You might even say that the stone that was rejected from Handy Dan became the cornerstone of Home Depot. (I've gone into this succession myth stuff a lot in a previous series called About Uranus so I won't belabor it here.) There is a time gap in between Noah's drunk night and the Tower of Babel. A lot happens in one chapter. It's not clear how much time. Perhaps one hundred years, perhaps 15,000. When construction finally began on the Tower of Babel, the nations exist, but everyone is speaking the same language. Clearly, an academic or scientist will have trouble computing this: how could languages not have developed if the nations already had? That doesn't make sense. Put a pin in that idea, because there seem to be two types of “language” being referred to here. This is where the Tower of Babel story gets interesting. Here is where you can take the simple path of understanding it as a fable, a tale of how languages and nations came from. Or, you can read the “common language” in a different way that opens the door to far more understanding of the Bible as a whole, and why Jesus came to the earth at all. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.whydidpetersink.com

Publication date 2013-12-24 Saturnalia was an ancient Roman festival in honor of the deity, Saturn, held on December 17 of the Julian calendar and later expanded with festivities through December 23. The holiday was celebrated with a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn, in the Roman Forum, and a public banquet, followed by private gift-giving, continual partying, and a carnival atmosphere that overturned Roman social norms: gambling was permitted, and masters provided table service for their slaves. The poet Catullus called it "the best of days." In Roman mythology, Saturn was an agricultural deity who was said to have reigned over the world in the Golden Age, when humans enjoyed the spontaneous bounty of the earth without labor in a state of social egalitarianism. The revelries of Saturnalia were supposed to reflect the conditions of the lost mythical age, not all of them desirable. The Greek equivalent was the Kronia. Although probably the best-known Roman holiday, Saturnalia as a whole is not described from beginning to end in any single ancient source. Modern understanding of the festival is pieced together from several accounts dealing with various aspects. The Saturnalia was the dramatic setting of the multivolume work of that name by Macrobius, a Latin writer from late antiquity who is the major source for information about the holiday. In one of the interpretations in Macrobius's work, Saturnalia is a festival of light leading to the winter solstice, with the abundant presence of candles symbolizing the quest for knowledge and truth. The renewal of light and the coming of the new year was celebrated in the later Roman Empire at the Dies Natalis of Sol Invictus, the "Birthday of the Unconquerable Sun," on December 25. Notes This material may be protected by copyright law (Title 17 U.S. Code). --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/3rdeyevizion/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/3rdeyevizion/support

In this Prime Talk Podcast Sponsored by GETIDA – Brenton Howland - Co-Founder and Co-CEO of Forum Brands - talks about the value Amazon sellers & brands bring to the marketplace, also more information about his life's journey. #BrentonHowland #ForumBrands About Brenton Howland of ForumBrands - https://www.forumbrands.com WE TAKE OUR NAME FROM THE ROMAN FORUM. The Roman Forum was the center of commerce for the ancient world. At Forum Brands, we sit at the center of the digital marketplace. We provide exit options to entrepreneurs, use technology to scale small businesses, and build brands into household names that consumers love. Find out more about GETIDA: https://getida.com/ Please subscribe to our channel and share your thoughts and comments below. Stay safe and healthy in the meantime!

November 9: Dedication of the Lateran BasilicaFeast; Liturgical Color: WhiteA venerable basilica is the mother of all churchesIn the eighth chapter of his Confessions, Saint Augustine relates the story of an old and learned Roman philosopher named Victorinus. He had been the teacher of many a Roman senator and nobleman and was so esteemed that a statue of him was erected in the Roman Forum. As a venerable pagan, Victorinus had thundered for decades about the monster gods, dark idols, and breathless demons in the pantheon of paganism. But Victorinus assiduously studied Christian texts and whispered to a friend one day, “You must know that I am a Christian.” The friend responded, “I shall not believe it…until I see you in the Church of Christ.” Victorinus responded mockingly, “Is it then the walls that make Christians?” But in his grey hairs, Victorinus finally did pass through the doors of a Catholic church to humbly bow his head to receive the waters of Holy Baptism. There was no one who did not know Victorinus, and at his conversion, Augustine writes, “Rome marveled and the Church rejoiced.”A church's walls do not make one a Christian, of course. But a church has walls nonetheless. Walls, borders, and lines delimit the sacred from the profane. A house makes a family feel like one, a sacred place where parents and children merge into a household. A church structurally embodies supernatural mysteries. A church is a sacred space where sacred actions make Christians unite as God's family. Walls matter. Churches matter. Sacred spaces matter. Today the Church commemorates a uniquely sacred space, the oldest of the four major basilicas in the city of Rome. The Lateran Basilica is the Cathedral of the Archdiocese of Rome and thus the seat of the Pope as Bishop of Rome.A basilica is like a church which has been made a monsignor. Basilicas have certain spiritual, historical, or architectural features by which they earn their special designation. Considered only architecturally, a basilica is a large, rectangular, multi-naved hall built for public gatherings. When Christianity was legalized, its faithful spilled out of their crowded house churches and into the biggest spaces then available, the basilicas of the Roman Empire. If Christians had met in arenas, then that word would have been adopted for ecclesial usage instead of basilica.The Laterani were an ancient Roman noble family whose members served several Roman Emperors. The family built a palace carrying their name on a site which in the fourth century came into the possession of the Emperor Constantine, who then turned it over to the bishop of Rome. An early pope enhanced and enlarged the basilica style palace into a large church, which, in turn, became the oldest and most important papal church in the eternal city. The popes also began to personally reside in the renovated Lateran palace. By medieval times, the Basilica was rededicated to Christ the Savior, Saint John the Baptist, and Saint John the Evangelist. The popes lived at the Lateran until the start of the Avignon papacy in present day France in 1309.With the Avignon papacy ensconced far from Rome for seven decades, the Lateran Basilica was damaged by fires and deteriorated so sadly that by the time the popes returned to Rome in 1377, they found the Basilica inadequate. An apostolic palace was eventually built next to St. Peter's Basilica on the Vatican hill and has been the seat of the successors of Saint Peter ever since. The Lateran Basilica retains its venerable grandeur, despite now being a baroque edifice with only a few architectural traces of its ancient pedigree. Beautiful churches are like precious heirlooms passed down from one generation to the next in God's family. Walls do not make us Christians, but walls do clarify that certain sacred rituals are practiced in certain sacred spaces and in no others. A family in its home. A judge in his court. A surgeon in her operating room. An actor on his stage. God on His altar. We come to God to show Him the respect He deserves. He is everywhere, yes, but He is not the same everywhere. And we are not the same everywhere either. We stand taller and straighter when we step onto His holy terrain.Heavenly Father, we praise You more worthily when we are surrounded by the holy images in Your holy churches. Through Your grace, inspire us to render You due homage in the houses of God where Your presence burns brighter and hotter than anywhere else.

Mike Isaacson: Rome gets sacked ONE TIME, and that's all these people can talk about! [Theme song] Nazi SS UFOsLizards wearing human clothesHinduism's secret codesThese are nazi lies Race and IQ are in genesWarfare keeps the nation cleanWhiteness is an AIDS vaccineThese are nazi lies Hollow earth, white genocideMuslim's rampant femicideShooting suspects named Sam HydeHiter lived and no Jews died Army, navy, and the copsSecret service, special opsThey protect us, not sweatshopsThese are nazi lies Mike: Welcome to another episode of The Nazi Lies Podcast. Today we're talking with Edward Watts, professor of history and Alkaviadis Vassiliadis Endowed Chair in Byzantine Greek History at the University of California San Diego. He's here to talk to us about his book, The Eternal Decline and Fall of Rome: The History of a Dangerous Idea. The book is an extraordinary scholarly endeavor that managed to give a detailed and engaging history of 1700 years of Roman history in under 300 pages. Welcome to the podcast, Dr. Watts. Edward Watts: Thanks so much for having me. It's exciting to be here. Mike: All right. Now, you are one of the rare guests on our show whose book was actually directed at debunking Nazi lies. Tell us what you had in mind when you were writing this book. Edward: So the thing that prompted me to write this book was a recognition that the history of Rome, and in particular the legacy of Rome as it relates to the end of Roman history, was something that was being repeatedly misused across thousands of years to justify doing all sorts of violence and horrible things to people who really in the Roman context had very little to do with the decline of Rome, and in a post-Roman context, had nothing really to do with the challenges that people using the legacy of Rome wanted to try to address. And in particular, what prompted this was the recognition after 2016 of how stories about the classical past and the Roman past were being used on the far right and the sort of fascist fringe as a way of pointing to where they saw to be challenging dynamics and changes, critical changes, in the way that society was functioning. What was happening was people were doing things like using the story of the Gothic migrations in the 4th century AD to talk about the need to do radical things in our society related to immigration. And the discussions were just misusing the Roman past in really aggressive ways as kind of proof for radical ideas that didn't really relate to anything that happened in the past and I think are generally not things that people would be willing to accept in the present. And Rome provides a kind of argument when it's misunderstood,when Roman history is misunderstood, it provides a kind of argument that people are not familiar enough with to be able to refute, that might get people who think that a certain policy is aggressive or inhumane or unnecessary to think twice about whether that policy is something that is a response to a problem that people need to consider. And that's just wrong. It's a wrong way to use Roman history. It's a wrong way to use history altogether. And it's a rhetoric that really needs to be highlighted and pointed to so that people can see how insidious these kinds of comparisons can be. Mike: Okay, so your book discusses the idea of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, which you say started before any such decline or fall in the late Republic. What was politics like in the Roman Empire before the myth of Rome's decline popped up? Edward: So this is an interesting question because the story of Roman decline actually shows up in some of the very earliest Roman literature that we have. So the very first sort of intact Latin texts that we have from the Roman period are things like the plays of Plautus. In one of the earlier plays of Plautus, he is already making fun of people for saying that Rome is in decline. And he's saying this at a time right after the Roman victory over Hannibal when there is no evidence that Rome is in decline at all. And yet we know that there are politicians who are pushing this idea that the victory over Hannibal has unleashed a kind of moral decline in Rome that is leading to the degeneration of Roman morals and Roman behaviors and Roman social structures in such a fashion that will disrupt the ability of Rome to continue. This is just not something that most people recognized to be true, but what we see when politicians in the third century and second century BC are saying things like this, they aren't particularly interested in describing an objective reality. What they're looking to do is insert ideas into popular discourse, so that people in the context of their society begin to think it might be possible that decline exists. So I think that when we look at Roman history before Roman literature, or before these pieces of Roman literature exist, we really are looking at much later reconstructions. But I think that it's fair to say that even in those reconstructions of stories about things like say, the sixth king of Rome, those stories too focus on how that particular regime was inducing a decline from the proper behaviors of Romans. So I think we could say that there is no before decline. Rome seems always to have been talking about these ideas of decline and worrying about the fact that their society was in decline, even when objectively you would look around and say there is no reason whatsoever that you should be thinking this. Mike: Okay. Now your book argues that this political framing helped politicians shape the politics of the Roman Empire in particular ways. So how did those who pushed this declensionist narrative change the Roman republic? Edward: So in the Roman republic, there are a few things that this narrative is used to do. In the second century, early second century BC, this narrative is used to attack opponents of a politician named Cato. What Cato tried to do was single out people who had been getting particularly wealthy because of the aftermath of Rome's victory in the Second Punic War over Hannibal and then its victories in the eastern Mediterranean against the Greek King, Philip V. And what Cato saw was that this wealth was something that profoundly destabilized society because now there were winners who were doing well economically in a way that the old money establishment couldn't match. And so what he's looking to do is to say that when you look around and you see prosperity of that level in the Roman state, this is a sign that things are actually bad. It's not a sign of things are good. It's a sign that things are deteriorating, and we need to take radical steps to prevent this. And the radical steps that Cato takes, and that he initially gets support for, involves very onerous taxes directed specifically against groups of people that he opposed. He also serves as the person who decides who gets to be in the Roman Senate, and he uses that position to kick out a lot of people on the basis simply of him deciding that they embody some kind of negative trajectory of the Roman State. And there's a reaction to this and Cato eventually is forced to kind of back away from this. As you move later in the second century, the narrative of decline becomes something that first is used to again justify financial policies, and then later, actual violence against officials who are seen as pushing too radical an agenda. And so this becomes a narrative that you can use to destabilize things. It doesn't matter if you're coming from what we would say is the right or the left, the kind of equal opportunity narrative that can be used to get people to question whether the structures in their society are legitimately in keeping with the way the society is supposed to function. Mike: Okay. So a lot of people have this misconception that Rome kind of snapped from being a republic to being governed by an emperor, but that's not really so. What was the imperial administration like and how did it change? Edward: The Roman republic was in many ways a very strong constitutional system that had a lot of things built into it to prevent one individual from taking over. Not only did it have a structure that was based on a kind of balance of power–and the description of that structure was something that influenced the Founding Fathers in the US to create the balances of power that we have–but in Rome, the administrative office that correlated to the presidency actually was a paired magistracy. So there were two consuls who governed together and could in theory check one another. What the decline narrative happened or allows to happen is that these structures begin to be questioned as illegitimate. And you get, starting in the later part of the second century and going all the way through the murder of Julius Caesar in 44 BC, a long set of discussions about how the Constitution is not functioning as it's supposed to, how the interests of everybody are not being represented by the representatives in the Senate and by the sorts of laws that are being put forward in assemblies. And you have a greater sense that there's an emergency, and an emergency that requires people to assent to an individual exercising more power than the structure really permits. And so this idea of decline heightens this sense of emergency and you have cycles every generation or so, where the sense of emergency gets greater and another constitutional structure snaps. Until eventually what you have is an individual in Julius Caesar, who is able to exercise complete and effective control over the direction of politics in the state. Mike: Okay. So for whatever reason, the assassination of Julius Caesar sticks strong in our cultural psyche, but reading your book it seems like assassinating emperors was kind of commonplace? Edward: It depends on the period. Yeah, there are definitely periods where the violent overthrow of emperors are somewhat common. I think with Caesar, what we have is the assassination. We're still when Caesar was assassinated in the final death throes of the Roman republic. And so it takes a while and a really brutal nearly 15-year-long sprawling Civil War for Rome to finally just accept that the republic as a governing structure is not really going to function in the way it had before. And the first emperor is Augustus. The first assassination actually occurs about 75 years after Augustus takes over. The first emperor that's assassinated is Caligula. Then you have moments of really profound peace and stability that are punctuated by these upheavals where, you know, in the year 68 the Emperor Nero commits suicide and this leads to a sprawling civil war in which four emperors take power in the course of a single year. Then things kind of calmed down. There's an assassination in 96, and no more assassinations for almost 100 years. And so you have these moments where the structures of the empire are very stable, but when they break, it breaks very seriously. It's very rare when an emperor is assassinated, that there's only one assassination and things kind of work out after that. And so generally, I think what this suggests is, if you have faith that the Imperial structure is working predictably, it's very, very hard to disrupt that. But if you have a sense that an emperor is not legitimate or is not in power or has taken power violently, there's a very serious risk that that emperor will in turn be overthrown violently, and something very serious could happen, even going so far as resulting in a civil war. Mike: Okay so one of the biggest myths surrounding the Roman Empire is that it fell in 476 AD, and that plunged Europe into the Dark Ages, but this isn't really so. What happened in 476 AD, and how did it become the legendary fall of Rome? Edward: Yes, so 476 AD is one of the greatest non-events in history. Because when we look at our history and our timeline for the fall of Rome, this is the date that stands out to us. But actually in 476, there's not a single person who seems to think that Rome fell on that day. What happens is in the middle part of the fifth century, the eastern empire and the western empire separated in 395. And in the middle part of the fifth century, the western empire has a very serious loss of territory and then a loss of stability within Italy. So that there are, in a sense, kingmakers who run the army and decide whether an emperor should be in power or not. And so you have a number of figurehead emperors, starting really in the 450s and going through 476, who are there, in a couple of cases at certain moments they do exercise real power, but much of the time they're subordinate to military commanders who don't want to be emperor, or in many cases are of barbarian descent and don't think they can make imperial power actually stick, and in 476, Odoacer who was one of these barbarian commanders overthrows an emperor in Italy and says, "We are not going to have an emperor in Italy anymore. Instead, I'm just going to serve as the agent of the eastern emperor in Italy." And for the next 50 years, there are barbarian agents–first Odoacer and then Theodoric–who serve in this constitutional way where they acknowledge the superiority and the authority of the emperor in Constantinople over Italy. And in practice, they're running Italy. But in principle, they are still affirming that they're part of the Roman Empire, the Roman senate is still meeting, Roman law is still used. It's a situation where only when the eastern empire decides that it wants to take Italy back, do you start getting these stories about well, Rome fell in 476 when these barbarians got rid of the last emperor and now it's our obligation to liberate Italians from this occupation by these barbarians. In 476, though, this is not what anyone in Constantinople or in Italy actually thought was going on. Mike: Okay. So both the east and the west of the Roman Empire eventually became Christian. How did this alter the myth of the declining Rome? Edward: So for much of Roman history, there is very much this idea that any problem that you have is a potential sign of the decline of Rome, and if you are particularly motivated, you can say that the problem requires radical solutions to prevent Rome from falling into crisis. But with Christianity, when the Roman Empire becomes Christian, there is no past that you can look back to say, "Well, we were better as a Christian empire in this time." When Constantine converts to Christianity, he's the first Christian emperor. And so it's very natural for opponents to be able to say, "Look, he made everything Christian and now things are going to hell ,and so Christianity is the problem." So what Christians instead say is what actually is going on here is we are creating a new and better Rome, a Rome where the approach to the divine is more sophisticated, it's more likely to work. And so for about 100 years, you have instead of a narrative decline, a narrative of progress where Christians are pushing a notion that by becoming Christian, the Empire is embarking on a new path that is better than it has ever been before. Not everybody accepts this. At the time of Constantine's conversion, probably 90% of the Emperor's still pagan so this would be a very strange argument to them. And by the time you get into the fifth century, you probably are in a majority Christian empire, but like a 50% majority, not like 90% majority. So there is a significant pushback against this. And in moments of crisis, and in particular after the Sack of Rome in 410, there is a very strong pagan reaction to this idea of Christian Roman progress. And Christians have to come up with evermore elaborate explanations for how what looks like decline in any kind of tangible sense that you would look at in the western empire is actually a form of progress. And the most notable production of that line of argument is Augustine's City of God, which says effectively, “Don't worry about this world. There's a better world, a Christian world that really you should be focusing on, and you're getting closer there. So the effect of what's going on in the Roman world doesn't really matter too much for you.” Mike: Okay. Now at one point, there were actually three different polities across Europe and Asia Minor all claiming the inheritance of the Roman Empire. How did this happen? Edward: There are different moments where you see different groups claiming the inheritance of Rome. In the Middle Ages, you have the rise of the Holy Roman Empire, which is a construction of Charlemagne and the papacy around the year 800. And the claim that they make is simply that there is the first empress of the Roman state who takes power all by herself in 797–this is the Empress Irene–and the claim Charlemagne makes as well that eliminates the legitimacy of the Roman Empire and Constantinople because there's no emperor. Therefore because there's no emperor, there's no empire and therefore we can just claim it. Another moment where you see this really become a source of significant conflict is during the Fourth Crusade when the Crusaders attack Constantinople and destroy the central administration of the eastern Roman Empire. After that point, you have the crusaders in Constantinople who claim that they are a Roman state. You have the remains of the Roman state that had been in Constantinople sort of re-consolidating around the city of Nicaea. You have a couple of other people who claim the inheritance of the Roman state inEpirus and Trebizond, and they all kind of fight with each other. And so ultimately, what you see is that the Roman Empire has this tremendous resonance across all of the space that was once Roman. So their empire at its greatest extent went from the Persian Gulf all the way to Scotland. And it went from Spain and the Atlantic coast of Morocco all the way down to the Red Sea. It's massive. And in a lot of those territories after Rome recedes, the legacy of Rome remains. So a lot of people who felt that they could claim the Roman legacy tried to do that, because it gave a kind of added seriousness and a more, a greater echo to these little places that are far away from the center of the world now, places like Britain or places like France or places like Northern Germany. And so you, in a sense, look like you're more important than you are if you can make a claim on the Roman imperial legacy. Mike: Okay. And so how do these would-be empires finally end up collapsing? Edward: So, each in their own way. In the case of the Holy Roman Empire, it actually lasts for very long time. It's created under Charlemagne in 800, and it lasts really until the time of Napoleon. And it collapses because it's sort of dissolved because in Germany there was a fear that Napoleon might actually use the hulk of the Holy Roman Empire and the title of Holy Roman Emperor to claim a kind of ecumenical authority that would go beyond just what he had as emperor of France. The crusader regime in Constantinople is actually reconquered by the Nicene regime in 1261. So the Crusaders take Constantinople in 1204, and then these Roman exiles who set up a kind of Roman Empire in exile in Nicaea reconquer in 1261. And they hold Constantinople for another 200 years until the Ottomans take it in 1453. The other sort of small Roman states are absorbed either by the state in Constantinople or by the Ottomans, but ultimately by the end of the 1460s, everything that had once been part of the Eastern Empire in the Middle Ages is under Ottoman control. Mike: Okay. And so despite all of the polities that could have contended for the inheritance of Rome collapsing, Rome's decline still played a large part in political considerations across what was formerly the Roman Empire but now as an instructive metaphor. How was the decline of the Roman Empire leveraged to influence politics leading into the modern era, and who were the big myth makers? Edward: Yeah, there's a couple of really important thinkers in this light. One is Montesquieu, the French thinker who uses a discussion of Roman history to launch into a much more wide and expansive and influential discussion of political philosophy that centers really on notions of representation and sets some of the groundwork for what actors in the American Revolution and French Revolution believed they were doing. Montesquieu is really, really important in understanding 18th-century political developments. And I think it's impossible really to understand what the American Revolution and the French Revolution thought they were doing without also looking at Montesquieu. But now I think the more influential figure in terms of shaping our ideas about what Roman history looked like and what Roman decline meant is Edward Gibbon. Gibbon is also an 18th-century thinker. When he started writing a history of Rome, he started writing in the 1770s when he believed that there was a firm and stable European political structure of monarchies that could work together and kind of peacefully move the continent forward. And while Gibbon is working on this, of course, you know, the American Revolution happens, and the French Revolution happens, and his whole structure that he was looking to defend and celebrate with his Roman history disappears. And so his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire becomes a book that is extracted from its historical context. And it seems like it is an objective narrative of what happens. It's not objective at all. What Gibbon is trying to do is compare the failings of one large single imperial structure and the advantages of this kind of multipolar world where everyone is balanced and cooperative. But everybody forgets that that multipolar world even existed because the book comes out after it's gone. So what you have with Gibbon is a narrative that seems to be just an account of Roman history, and a very, very evocative one. I think most of the people now who have Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire on their shelf don't read it. But they know the title. They know the concept. This means that you have a ready-made metaphor for anything that's bothering you. You know, you can talk about the decline and fall of Rome. Just about everybody in the entire world knows that Rome declined and fell. And very few of them know much about why it happened or how it happened or how long it took. And so evoking the decline and fall of Rome allows you to kind of plug in anything, as my friend Hal Drake says, anything that's bothering you at a particular moment, you can plug in and say Rome fell because of X. And if you look at the last 50 years you can see lots and lots and lots of examples of X, lots of different things that bothered people that got plugged into the story of Rome fell because of whatever's bothering me that day. Mike: I am certainly guilty of having a copy of Gibbon on my bookshelf and not having read it. [laughs] So in talking about the modern appropriation of the memory of Rome, you of course talk about Fascist Italy. You reference Claudio Fogu, whom I absolutely love, check out his book The Historic Imaginary. How did Fascists wield the memory of the Roman Empire to justify their regime? Edward: Yeah, it's so, so seductive what is done in the city of Rome in particular. And there's a sense that I think is a very real sense that creating and uncovering and memorializing the imperial center of the Roman Empire makes real the experience of walking through it, and with the right kind of curation can make it feel like you're in a contemporary environment that's linked to that ancient past. And what Mussolini and his architects tried very very hard to do was create this, in a sense, almost Roman imperial Disneyland in the area between the Colosseum and the Capital line. So when we walk there, we see a kind of disembodied and excavated giant park with a large street down the middle running from the Colosseum along the length of the Roman Forum. But that was actually neighborhoods.  Before Mussolini, there were actual houses and shops and restaurants and people living there, and very, very long-standing communities that he removed with this idea that you were in a sense restoring the past and creating a future by removing the present. And I think that's a very good metaphor for what they were up to. What they were trying to do was create an affinity for the fascist present by uncovering this Roman past and getting rid of what they saw as disorder. And the disorder, of course, was real people living their lives in their houses. But the other thing that people, you know, when tourists visit this now, they don't know that history. They don't know that when they walk on the street alongside the Forum, they're actually walking on a street that is a 20th-century street created for Fascist military parades on the ruins of modern, early modern, and medieval houses. They just see this as a way to kind of commune with this Roman past. And the Fascists very much understood that aesthetic and how seductive that aesthetic was. Mike: Okay, so let's circle back to where we started with your motivation for the book. How are people invoking the fall of Rome now, and what are they getting wrong? Edward: I think that we see, again, this temptation to take what's bothering you and attaching it to Rome. And I think even if you just look over the last 50 years, you can almost trace the sorts of things people are anxious about in a modern context based on the things that are advanced for what possibly made Rome fall. So in the 70s and early 80s, there's lots of concern about environmental contamination and the effect that this is going to have on people's lives. And we get the story of Rome fell because of lead poisoning. I mean, it didn't. It's just ridiculous that you would think Rome fell because of lead poisoning when there is no moment that it fell, the place was active and survived for well over 1500 years when it was using lead pipes. There's no evidence whatsoever that this is true. In the 70s, Phyllis Schlafly would go around and say that Rome fell because of liberated women. I think that would be a very big surprise to a lot of Roman women that they were actually liberated, definitely in the 1970's way. In the 80s, and even into the 2010s, you have people like Ben Carson talking about Rome declining because of homosexuality or gay marriage. Again, that has nothing to do with the reality of Rome. There are other places where I think people come a little bit closer to at least talking about things that Romans might acknowledge existed in their society. So when you have Colin Murphy and others in the lead up to the Iraq War talking about the overextension of military power as a factor that can lead to the decline of Rome, yeah, I mean, Rome did have at various moments problems because it was overextended militarily. But most of the time it didn't. To say that the Romans were overextended militarily because they had a large empire ignores the fact that they had that large empire for almost 400 years without losing significant amounts of territory. So comparing Roman military overextension and US military overextension could be a useful exercise, but you have to adjust the comparison for scale. And you have to adjust the comparison to understand that there are political dynamics that mean that places that in the first century BC required military garrisons, in the third century did not. And so you're not overextended because you're in the same place for 400 years. At the beginning, you might need to have an extensive military presence in a place that later you won't. So I think that what we need to do when we think about the use of the legacy of Rome, is think very critically about the kinds of things that Rome can and can't teach us, and think very clearly about the difference between history repeating itself–which I think it doesn't–and history providing us with ideas that can help us understand the present. I think that's where history is particularly useful, and Roman history in particular is useful. Because it's so long, there are so many things that that society deals with, and there are so many things that it deals with successfully as well as fails to deal with capably. All of those things offer us lessons to think with, even if they don't offer us exact parallels. Mike: Okay, so we've talked a bunch about the fabricated history of Rome and the popular memory of Rome. What does the actual history of Rome and fears of Roman decline have to teach us about the present? Edward: I think the biggest thing that we can see is if somebody is claiming that a society is in profound decline and the normal structures of that society need to be suspended so the decline can be fixed, that is a big caution flag. What that means is somebody wants to do something that you otherwise would not agree to let them do. And the justification that they provide should be looked at quite critically, but it also should be considered that, even if they identify something that might or might not be true, the solution they're proposing is not something that you absolutely need to accept. Systems are very robust. Political systems and social systems are very robust and they can deal with crises and they can deal with changes. If someone is saying that our system needs to be suspended or ignored or cast to the side because of a crisis, the first step should be considering whether the crisis is real, and then considering whether it is in fact possible to deal with that crisis and not suspend the constitutional order, and not trample on people's rights, and not take away people's property, and not imprison people. Because in all of these cases that we see Roman politicians introduced this idea of decline to justify something radical, there are other ways to deal with the problem. And sometimes they incite such panic that Romans refuse or forget or just don't consider any alternative. That has really profound and dangerous consequences because the society that suspends normal orders and rights very likely is going to lose those rights and those normal procedures. Mike: All right. Well, Dr. Watts, thank you so much for coming on The Nazi Lies Podcast to talk about the myth of the Roman Empire. The book, again, is The Eternal Decline and Fall of Rome out from Oxford University Press. Thanks again, Dr. Watts. Edward: Thanks a lot. This was great. Mike: If you enjoyed what you heard and want to help pay our guests and transcriptionist, consider subscribing to our Patreon at patreon.com/nazilies or donating to our PayPal at paypal.me/nazilies or CashApp at $nazilies [Theme song]

Nicknamed the 8th wonder of the ancient world, the Colosseum still stands in splendour today. Located in the heart of Rome, nestled at the bottom of the Palatine Hill, neighbouring the ancient Roman Forum - the Colosseum is nearly 2000 years old. But who is responsible for this colossal amphitheatre, and what exactly was it built for?Tristan is joined by Dr Nathan Elkins to talk about this monument of Roman imperialism, and to take a look at the role it has played throughout history. Taking 10 years and 3 emperors to be completed - the crumbling marble was once decorated with vibrant colours and architectural features, representative of Roman might and decadence. Home to beast hunts, gladiatorial games, and one of the most remarkable sewage systems in the ancient world - what can we learn about Roman life from one of the world's most famous monuments?For more Ancients content, subscribe to our Ancients newsletter here. If you'd like to learn even more, we have hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and audiobooks at History Hit - subscribe today! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

October 9: Saint John Leonardi, Priest1541–1609Optional Memorial; Liturgical Color: WhitePatron Saint of pharmacists“Either Christ or nothing!” was his cure for every illToday's saint was among that first wave of post-Council of Trent priests and founders whose purification of the Church started with themselves. Saint John Leonardi was a man ardently in love with Christ and Mary and the sacred field of the Catholic Church, where theological truths grow tall and dense in the richest soil. Because that sacred field was so in need of clearing, pruning, and weeding in his era, Saint John stripped from himself every single personal interest, desire, or goal and merged his life totally with that of Christ. John was like a small twig grafted onto the verdant root-stem of Christ. John, Christ, and the Church all grew and thrived together as one living thing.Like so many saints, John Leonardi was born into a large family. The hum and whistle of daily life, work, meals, conversation and prayer in large families is a small school where children learn generosity naturally. The large family's numerous siblings serve as proxies for the diverse personalities found in the broader culture, better preparing the children for life outside the home. John's parents won the battle for his soul early. He was a religiously inclined boy from the start. As a teenager, John studied to be a pharmacist under a local mentor for many years, leading to a life-long interest in medicine. But mature reflection eventually took him down another path. He would not apply essences, compounds, or poultices to patients' bodies but rather feed the sacraments to people's souls. John studied for the priesthood and was ordained in 1572.Father John served among the youth at parishes in his native city of Lucca, Italy, and was active in visiting hospitals and prisons. His ardour attracted a loyal following of laymen with whom he lived and worked and prayed. John's life and priesthood flowed effortlessly into the great river of reforms that gushed from the Council of Trent, which had concluded just a few years before John was ordained. John was intensely focused on implementing the Council's teachings. His local bishop tasked John with preaching in all of Lucca's churches to straighten the crooked lines sketched by some theologically confused priests. Father John's experience of orthodox preaching, and of the fierce resistance it generated, convinced him that only an impeccable moral and spiritual life could draw people to self reform and conversion. John thus sought to mirror every virtue, to be a lighthouse on the rugged cliff, drawing all people safely into the harbor of Christ.John's small band of brothers were eventually recognized as a Congregation by successive popes, but due to local resistance, John had to move his work to Rome. He befriended Saint Philip Neri, was entrusted with reforming several monasteries, and was instrumental in founding the seminary for the future Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, a successful Vatican entity which formed priests for service in the foreign missions. John advocated the Forty Hours Devotion, frequent reception of Holy Communion, and the Christian formation of children at as early an age as possible. By 1600 Father John Leonardi was a well-known Counter-Reformation force in Italy not due to his books, new ideas, or charisma, but due to his virtue and zeal for the house of the Lord. In 1609 our saint died well but too soon. He was infected with the plague while visiting the sick. The small Congregation he founded, the Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of Lucca, continues until today, purposely small and focused on their important work. Father John Leonardo was canonized in 1938 and is buried in a handsome baroque church near the Roman Forum.Saint John Leonardi, may your generous example of priestly service inspire a holy jealousy among priests so that they burn with the same desire that consumed you in service to Christ and Mary in the heart of the Church.

September 26: Saints Cosmas and Damian, Martyrsc. Late third–early fourth centuryOptional Memorial; Liturgical Color: RedPatron Saints of doctors, barbers, and pharmacistsHoly twins are honored for their healing, their poverty, and their deathsThe ancient walls of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem enclose the sacred ground where the life of Jesus Christ culminated in His death, burial, and resurrection. Both the modest hill of Calvary and the rock-cut tomb in which His corpse was laid are found under the roof of this venerable church. Calvary and the tomb have long been protected from relic hunters by slabs of marble and stone cladding that conceal the rough, first-century substrata resting just below. There is a custom, still common today, of allowing the faithful to sleep overnight inside the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. From the time the heavy wooden doors close at dusk until they creek open again at sunrise, the pilgrim must remain in the church. This pious custom of resting and watching in the dark, all night long, near a holy site in order to soak up its latent power is called “incubation.” The custom originated in an ancient church in Constantinople housing the remains of today's saints, Cosmas and Damian, where the faithful incubated themselves in the hope of a miraculous cure.Similar to Saint George, legends about Saints Cosmas and Damian far outrun any verifiable historical details about their lives. The devotion to today's saints across epochs and cultures is as broad as an ocean but as shallow as a lake. Upon a slender bed of long-lost documents rests the narrative that Cosmas and Damian were twins and natives of Saudi Arabia who studied medicine in Syria. They became known as the “moneyless ones” for not accepting payment for their healing services. They were likely martyred north of Antioch in the early fourth century. The earliest historical anchor planting these holy brothers in the ground of history dates to around 400 A.D., when a pagan visitor recorded a visit to a shrine dedicated to Cosmas and Damian in Asia Minor. In the fifth century, a church was built to their memory in Constantinople and, in the sixth century, a pagan temple in the Roman Forum was rededicated as a Basilica in their honor. The bright apse mosaic of Rome's Basilica of Saints Cosmas and Damian still shines and shows Saints Peter and Paul presenting the twins to the glorified Christ.Most of the wealth of miracles that have long been attributed to Saints Cosmas and Damian involve healing, in keeping with their medical profession. The fame of these miracles, together with their martyrdom, was so widespread in the early Church that they joined that elite class of martyrs, saints, virgins, and popes whose names were inserted into the Roman Canon, or Eucharistic Prayer I, where they are still read at Mass today. Their names also ring out in ancient litanies still sung at solemn Masses. Yet close familiarity with their names may dull our curiosity about their gory end.No details have been preserved, but it can be supposed that Cosmas and Damian died like so many other martyrs: by crucifixion, beheading, or drowning at sea; by the goring of beasts, or by their flesh being burned off in a roar of flames. The chilling sentence of death read by a Roman official sent a cold shiver up the spine. It was irrevocable. The martyr's fate was often to be publicly shamed, tortured, and physically destroyed in a brutal fashion in keeping with a brutal world. No miracle saved Cosmas and Damian from their violent end. As physicians, they knew well the frailty of the human body. They understood their own bodies to be cracked vessels flooded temporarily with the Holy Spirit of God. And when the time came for that earthen vessel to return to the clay from whence it came, they bravely gave up what was never theirs. They offered a witness so shocking that it was seared into the memories of those who saw it, a witness so other-worldly that a few emulated it, and untold masses of others honored it through prayer and devotion, as we still do today.Saints Cosmas and Damian, through your heroic witness of martyrdom, we ask your intercession to embolden the weak, to strengthen the hesitant, to give words to the meek, and to unleash the hidden power of the Gospel in all those who could do more.

In this episode of Accessible Art History: The Podcast, I'm exploring the Roman Forum during its creation and the Republican era. For images and sources: https://www.accessiblearthistory.com/post/podcast-episode-72-the-republican-roman-forum _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Welcome to Accessible Art History! Here, we provide a space for art lovers, students, and anyone who is curious to explore all periods of art history and human creation. Website: www.accessiblearthistory.com YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/accessiblearthistory If you would like to support me on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/accessiblearthistory?fan_landing=true Sponsor an episode: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/accessarthist Follow on Instagram: @accessible.art.history My favorite art history books: https://bookshop.org/shop/accessiblearthistory Sign up for the monthly newsletter: https://forms.gle/Dwe3mob2D43r8Hu2A All images courtesy of Public Domain and/or Creative Commons for educational purposes Music courtesy of Epidemic Sound (referral link below) https://www.epidemicsound.com/referral/kvtik0 #arthistory #art #history --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/accessiblearthistory/support

In the Roman Forum, there is a Main Street lined with arches. Each arch represents a triumph by the Romans over their enemies. After victory, the leaders would return to Rome for their triumphant parade and celebration. People would line the streets and praise the Caesar and the Generals for their success. The praises was […]

This morning I walked the streets of the Roman Forum outside the Coliseum in Rome. I saw magnificent structures built before the birth of Jesus. But, my favorite was a church. Not the biggest church, not the oldest church, and not the most beautiful church, but a church built on top of an old prison. […]

Season 1 (Across the Pond): Episode 6 After 10 years of marriage, we were packing our bags for England and Italy! In this episode, you'll hear about our time in Rome. From the moment of our arrival, we immediately started soaking up the rich Italian culture, from Trevi Fountain and the Roman Forum to the Colosseum, St. Peter's Prison and the Spanish Steps. Not to mention...we had one of our all-time favorite meals -- caco de pepe, ghnocci and millefogile at That's Amore. The Travel FOMO podcast is hosted by husband and wife duo, Jamin and Hilarie Houghton. Learn more about them at www.travelfomopodcast.com. Follow us on social media: Instagram: www.instagram.com/travelfomopodcast Facebook: www.facebook.com/travelfomopodcast TikTok: www.tiktok.com/@travelfomopodcast

Join hosts Sofia and Josiah for a sports report, a look ahead to this week's secondary Roman Forum, and a glimpse into the grammar spelling bee.  Ideas for Providence events or activities that ought to be featured on the podcast? Email them to highlanderhighlights@pccs.org.

The Feast of the Presentation of the LordFebruary 2—FeastLiturgical Color: WhiteGod goes to ChurchThe various names, meanings, and traditions overlapping in today's Feast churn like the crystals in a kaleidoscope, revealing one image and then another with every slight rotation of the tube. The Presentation of the Lord in the Temple is, rotate, also the Purification of Mary. But, rotate, it's also known as the Meeting of the Lord in the Christian East. And, rotate, it's also the Feast of Candlemas, marking forty days after Christmas, the end of that liturgical season. The multiple names and meanings of today's Feast have given birth to surprisingly broad and varied cultural expressions. The biblical account of the Presentation is the source for the “two turtle doves” in the carol “The Twelve Days of Christmas,” for the sword piercing Mary's Immaculate Heart in Catholic iconography, for the Fourth Joyful Mystery of the rosary, and for the Canticle prayed by all the world's priests and nuns every single night of their lives. The Presentation is even the remote source of the frivolous American folkloric tradition of Groundhog Day.Behind all of these names and meanings are, however, a few fundamental theological facts worth reflecting upon. The Lord Jesus Christ, forty days after His birth, in keeping with the biblical significance of the number forty and with Jewish custom, was presented in the temple in Jerusalem by His parents, Mary and Joseph. Saint Luke's Gospel recounts the story. After the Presentation, Jesus was to enter the temple again as a boy and later as an adult. He would even refer to His own body as a temple which He would raise up in three days. Jesus's life was a continual self-gift to God the Father from the very beginning to the very end. His parents did not carry their infant Son to a holy mountain, a sacred spring, or a magical forest. It was in His temple that the God of Israel was most present, so they brought their son to God Himself, not just to a reflection of Him in nature.The extraordinarily beautiful temple in Jerusalem, the very building where Jesus was presented by His parents, was burned and destroyed by a powerful Roman army under the future Emperor Titus in 70 A.D. It was never rebuilt. A tourist in Rome can, even today, gaze up at the marble depictions of the sack of the Jerusalem temple carved on the inside vaults of the Arch of Titus in the Roman Forum. Christianity has never had just one sacred place equivalent to the Jewish Temple or the Muslims' Kaaba in Mecca. Our faith is historical, yes, but it has a global reach which does not allow it to be planted in just one culture or just one location. Christ is destined for all cultures and all times. Every Catholic church with the Blessed Sacrament is a Holy of Holies, which fully expresses the deepest mysteries of our faith. There is no strict need to go on pilgrimage to Rome or to Jerusalem once in your life. But you do have to go on pilgrimage to your local parish once a week for Mass. Every Catholic church in every place, not just one building in one place, encompasses and transmits the entirety of our faith. God's hand must have been involved in the headship of the Church migrating from Jerusalem to Rome in the first century. Our Pope does not live in the historical cradle of the faith he represents, because Saint Peter saw no need to remain in Jerusalem in order to be faithful to his Master. The Church is where Christ is, Christ is in the Holy Eucharist, and the Holy Eucharist is everywhere.We go to church, as the Jews went to their one temple or to their many synagogues, because God is more God in a church. And when we experience the true God, we experience our true selves. That is, we are more us when God is more God. God is interpreted according to the mode of the interpreter, when He is sought in a glowing sunset, a rushing waterfall, or a stunning mountain. In nature, God is whoever the seeker wants Him to be. In a church, however, God is protected from misinterpretation. He is surrounded and protected by His priests, saints, sacraments, music, art, and worship. In a church, God is fully clothed, equipped, and armored. He can't be misunderstood. So we go to find Him there, to dedicate ourselves to Him there, and to receive Him there in His Body and in His Blood.Lord Jesus, as an infant You were brought to the temple by Your parents out of religious duty. Help all parents to take their duties to God seriously, to inculcate their faith in the next generation by their words and by their actions, so that the faith will be handed on where the faith is first learned—in the family and in the home.

There was a third reason that lurked in my mind as to why I wanted to do the Exodus 90 challenge, as I discussed in my last post. As I've written at length about in other posts, I was a slow convert to belief in God. But I knew that my faith was not yet rooted deep. Events in my life, plus the addition of the pandemic, made me realize how fragile this world really is. Society is a tenuous thing, held together with duct tape and bubble gum, as are corporations, and even families. Like the stock market, the social contract we live under could tumble at any time. Marriages and families crumble every day as husbands and wives capitulate to their wants and desires. Companies that are making money have high spirits, but as soon as a bad quarter comes along the lukewarm employees begin to flee like rats on a sinking ship.The wheel of fortune would spin eventually, likely soon, and I felt that I lacked the fortitude that would be needed in the inevitable chaos. The unpredictable changes of life and society could bring any outcome, as we are all pawns in an infinite game of three-dimensional chess. Having read enough dystopian novels and history books, I realize that hard times will come, that this American moment of excess and plenty is temporary. Moreover, it was obvious to me that throughout history the one thing that prevailed and still prevails is faith and the Church. Despite a thousand attacks against Christianity, from government attempts to destroy it, or the constant hatred from all sides (including from itself), still it stands. Some how, some way, faith and the Church remains, and never dies. And of course now it's easy to understand why it never dies. As long as there are people in this universe, and the story of Jesus is alive in even one person, it will return in full, always and forever.It does not take a prophet to predict the fall of nations, as the empires of this world wax and wane every hundred years, and the prophets of old could feel a nation's decline without reading The Fate of Empires or measuring economic statistics. On the one hundred year anniversary of World War I, we can marvel at the change in worldly power in a single century, as the Austro-Hungarians must have wondered what hit them. Likewise, I recall walking through the ruins of the Roman Forum, being in awe of the decay around me, where such great names like Cicero and Caesar had walked and where major events once occurred. All the while I could not help but compare it to the mall in Washington D.C., since it is a modern Forum. What will a thousand years of time and weather would do to the Lincoln Memorial and Washington Monument? The famous poem Ozymandius comes to mind.Am I ready for the change when it comes? For a time when a nation splinters and fractures into civil war? Was I even ready to handle losing my job? Or my health? What about my life?Was I prepared to deal with the loss of loved ones? Could I be the rock that others would need in that time, or would I crumble like sand? Would I stand there with nothing to offer, as I used to when I was an atheist, and say, “Let me know if I can help in any way,” offering only empty platitudes to the sorrowful? (As if mowing their lawn or running errands would help heal their heart, when they are aching for a spiritual solace.)Would I avoid talk of God or salvation because I didn't want to look like a Jesus freak? Or would I have courage, and be willing to pray with people and offer them the hope and love of Jesus who died for our sins? The way of seeing the world between the non-believer and believer is stark when the real things in life, the things that really matter, come to the fore.I do know who was able to withstand all of these changes, and stare death in the face and go to it without fear. It's painfully obvious who that person is. He was able to not only live without sin, but face the greatest sins and insults of this world, and still go to his death with hope and love. The opposite of fear is faith, and radical trust in God.The saints did their best to imitate Christ, except they were all sinners. The key thing about the saints is that they knew they were sinners, but still they had faith. The world could take everything from them, beat them, suppress them, hate them, jail them, kill them - and still, there they were, still standing with faith, hope, and charity when they drew their final breath in our world.Even today, Christians are loathed and hated and still being persecuted actively, and still the light of faith continues to pass to the next candle, and the next, and the next. You can see it every Sunday at Mass. Even as the different types of Christian faiths bicker, the light shines in all of them: Lutheran, Evangelical, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Catholic - the light does not go out, and the reason why is because it is impossible to extinguish. The world has tried everything, literally every possible way to bury this belief, and the flame remains today and still spreads, even flourishing against the fire extinguisher known as the internet, where hordes mock and deride religious people every day.By 2050, Christianity is predicted to be the largest religion, yet we are told by the media and academics that this religion called Christianity is dying. What they don't realize is that, even if this faith in Jesus is snuffed out in one corner, the fire magically re-ignites itself in a new place, somewhere else, and there is no question that a revival will come again to the places where it is fading today. No video game or drug or car or house or surgery or accomplishment or website will ever cure the needs of the heart, as much as we pretend otherwise. I could only distract myself for so long, and as St. Augustine said, “Our hearts our restless until it rests in God.”The light needed to become stronger in me. I was like a wooden match barely burning. And there was one thing, especially, that I needed to shine the light upon. Most importantly: was I strong enough and committed enough in my marriage to handle the storms? Could that light remain flickering in the darkest of nights?It took me quite a few years to realize how sacred marriage is, or to even realize that it really is sacred. Unsurprising to anyone who has the order of priority in life sorted out, this realization about marriage came to me once I had finally set God on top of my list of concerns. When you don't believe, those with faith will annoy you with tips like, “Put God first and everything else will fall into place.” That is so irritating. When you are not ordered first to faith, that sentence is like nails on a chalkboard. But then I learned to hear properly. The sentence sounds just fine once you are have priorities in the the right order.“Unless you believe, you will not understand,” or said another way, “Unless your faith is firm, you will not be firm.” Oddly enough, I ain't even mad now about my being out of tune for so long. I just wished I'd sooner listened to the music.An awareness of this gap in my faith probably aided me just enough to say yes to join the Exodus 90 group. I have found that saying “Yes” to new things, with a positive goal, is the way to strengthening my belief. However, that must come with a definitive “No” to the self, which is always vying to be the center of attention. I want to make myself first, the chosen one of my life. But for any lasting happiness, the self must be at a minimum of third. Faith must forever be first, followed by family, with marriage being at the peak of the family, even over the members known as husband and wife. As I have come to remember it, the order of things that works the best is the five F's: Faith, Family, Friends, Fitness, Finances.This must be an ongoing project, really a constant one. To grow toward faith requires care and feeding, and some days are much better than others at efforting toward that goal. Anyone who is married knows the struggles and resentments can outweigh the joys if you let it happen. The little foibles of each person become enraging annoyances if we let them, while we ignore our own foibles that enrage and annoy others.A truly great marriage requires submission of both people toward this mystical union known as “marriage”. For many years, for so many years, I failed to understand what marriage actually is, and I don't think I truly understood the word marriage until I listened to Timothy Keller's series on the topic (links below). The irony is that while being married and seemingly functional in that state, I was walking blind and oblivious to the entire purpose.If you are married and struggling, or considering marriage, or even in a relationship, or thinking of getting into a relationship, or thinking of getting a pet, or even alive and drawing oxygen - then I would encourage you to skip your next Netflix series and give these podcasts at the end of this article a listen. I came across this series and realized that having a terrific marriage does not require fasting for 40 days in the desert. It's actually much simpler than that. This too is a kind of Why Did Peter Sink? story: when you lose focus on the purpose of marriage, you start to sink.Having a great marriage requires recognizing it as something sacred and giving all to that union. As a non-believer, the idea of the sacred was a joke to me, and that was exactly why I had no anchors in life. A good marriage requires knowing and committing to the unassailable idea that “the essence of marriage is a promise.” The cause of every problem of every marriage is self-centeredness. The modern idea that the other person needs to make you happy is a recipe for failure, as we see every day in our culture. The reality is that each person must submit to the other and to the marriage, completely and wholly. The way to success is the exact opposite of what modern society teaches us about relationships. Consider the saying that is so common now: “If you can't handle me at my worst, you don't deserve me at my best.” That is probably the worst advice and most openly selfish relationship quote imaginable, but is now being passed about as sage wisdom.Ok, there is much more than I can re-iterate here. Listen to the series. There are just a few prerequisites: turn off any distractions, set aside your cynicism, and stop clutching your grudges about your wife or girlfriend. The only thing you have to lose is your ego.Marriage as Ministry PowerMarriage as CommitmentMarriage as Commitment and PriorityMarriage as Priority and FriendshipMarriage as FriendshipMarriage as Completion: One FleshMarriage as Completion: Gender Roles part 1Marriage as Completion: Gender Roles part 2Marriage Supper of the LambMarriage as Ministry PowerMarriage as CommitmentMarriage as Commitment and PriorityMarriage as Priority and FriendshipMarriage as FriendshipMarriage as Completion: One FleshMarriage as Completion: Gender Roles part 1Marriage as Completion: Gender Roles part 2Marriage Supper of the Lamb This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.whydidpetersink.com

In the Second of the Latin Mass Society's Iota Unum Series, Dr John Rao speaks with Dr Shaw on the destruction of New York in Lockdown, on the impact of the recent riots in the USA and Jacobinism and the French Revolution. John Rao received his DPhil from Oxford University, and for many years has been Associate Professor at St John's University, New York. He is also the Director of the Roman Forum which was founded by Dietrich von Hildebrand. Among other things the Roman Forum organises an annual (in normal times) Summer Symposium in the northern Italian town of Gardone Riviera. This is a major gathering of traditionally-minded Catholic writers and academics from all over Europe and North America, whose proceedings have also appeared in book form, notably Luther and His Progeny which is edited by Dr Rao. A great many of Dr Rao's talks can be downloaded (for a small fee) from the Keep the Faith website associated with the Latin Mass Magazine; the Roman Forum Church History Lectures are available on SoundCloud, and a huge number of articles and other writings can be found on the Dr Rao's website For the Whole Christ. Dr Rao's lectures have also found their way into book form, notably his Centenary Meditation on a Quest for Purification Gone Mad. Other recent books of his include a discussion of the history of the Church, Black Legends and the Light of the World and Removing the Blindfold: Nineteenth Century Catholics and the Myth of Modern Freedom.