Podcasts about Microglia

Microglia can have protective and also potentially harmful effects in the brain. They seem to be involved in dampening the nervous system during acute seizures – but also appear to play a role in neuronal loss and cortical thinning. Dr. Cecilie Nome spoke with Dr. Amy Brewster about the many faces of microglia and the current understanding of their role in epilepsy and seizures. Sharp Waves episodes are meant for informational purposes only, and not as clinical or medical advice.Let us know how we're doing: podcast@ilae.org.The International League Against Epilepsy is the world's preeminent association of health professionals and scientists, working toward a world where no person's life is limited by epilepsy. Visit us on Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn.

Send us a textEpisode Summary: Dr. Michael Wheeler talks about neuroimmune interactions, exploring how the immune system and brain communicate, particularly through the blood-brain barrier and meninges; how chronic stress and inflammation can alter brain circuits, contributing to mood disorders like depression; how drugs like psilocybin and MDMA may reduce inflammation by modulating immune cells in the meninges, offering potential therapeutic benefits.About the guest: Michael Wheeler, PhD is an Assistant Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. His lab studies how immune responses influence behavior, mood disorders, and addiction.Key Conversation Points:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is not as impermeable as once thought, allowing immune signals like cytokines to influence brain function even in healthy states.Chronic stress can weaken the BBB, increasing inflammation and affecting mood-regulating circuits, potentially contributing to depression.Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, help maintain neural circuits by pruning synapses and regulating metabolism.Psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA can reduce inflammation by prompting immune cells (monocytes) to leave the meninges, potentially via vascular effects.These psychedelics may act in a context-specific “window,” requiring a dysregulated tissue state to exert anti-inflammatory effects, not as broad-spectrum anti-inflammatories.Neuroinflammation may underlie some treatment-resistant depression cases, suggesting immunotherapy could complement traditional psychiatric treatments.The brain encodes peripheral immune signals, like gut inflammation, in specific circuits, which can “remember” and recreate inflammatory responses.Aging may naturally increase blood-brain barrier leakiness, heightening the brain's susceptibility to peripheral inflammation.Future research aims to explore how psychedelics influence plasticity and their potential in treating inflammation-related diseases beyond psychiatry.Related episode:M&M 2: Psilocybin, LSD, Ketamine, Inflammation & Novel Support the showAll episodes, show notes, transcripts, and more at the M&M Substack Affiliates: KetoCitra—Ketone body BHB + potassium, calcium & magnesium, formulated with kidney health in mind. Use code MIND20 for 20% off any subscription (cancel anytime) Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Use code MIND for 10% off Readwise: Organize and share what you read. 60 days FREE through link Athletic Greens: Comprehensive & convenient daily nutrition. Free 1-year supply of vitamin D with purchase. MASA Chips—delicious tortilla chips made from organic corn and grass-fed beef tallow. No seed oils or artificial ingredients. Use code MIND for 20% off For all the ways you can support my efforts

Cancer cachexia isn't just weight loss—it's a hijacking of motivation

There is a cell in the brain called the microglia which has been traditionally overlooked as a target for therapies. New research supported by ASF and @FraxAresearch suggests that altering the function of microglia in the brain may help support the development of healthy and functional connections in the brain that may be impaired in … Continue reading "Microglia as a target for new interventions"

This year's AD/PD Conference was held in Vienna, Austria from the 1st to 5th April. In this second of a two-part special we bring you highlights from the last three days of the conference. The AD/PD Conference focuses on basic science and translational and clinical research bringing New insights on disease mechanisms and etiologies, the latest findings from clinical trials, innovative outlooks on therapy and prevention and advances in diagnostic markers. In this special on-location recording our guest host Dr Isabel Castanho, Instructor the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), Harvard Medical School talks with: Dr Emma Garland, Research Associate at The University of Sheffield. An early career researcher with a focus on Alzheimer's, and an interest in protein pathogenesis, iPSC culture and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease. Susan Rohde, PhD Student at UMC Amsterdam. Susan is a Neurobiologist interested in (healthy) brain aging and related diseases, and currently work on the Dutch 100 Plus Study. Dr Martyna Matuszyk, Research Communications Officer at the Alzheimer's Society. Supporting the charity to communicate dementia research with the public, having previously completed a PhD and Postdoc working on Alzheimer's and MND. -- Here are just a few highlights from the discussion:

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

The Development of a Cocktail of Microglia and GFAP For Easy Diagnosis - Anisha Bhasin B.S, Sarah Holguin, MBA. B.S, Joe Vargas, M.S Microglia and GFAP are distinct neural markers, typically used separately to diagnose the degree of neurological infection and injury. Microglia, a glial cell, is used in the immune response of the central nervous system. GFAP is an astrocyte marker; astrocytes provide structural support and make up the blood-brain barrier. Using the two in conjugation with one another would prove to be an efficient diagnostic tool. A cocktail was constructed with optimal titration to observe the two markers in unison. In clinical usage, it will provide an efficient diagnosis of chronic inflammatory conditions of the central nervous system. The staining was conducted in IHC and fluorescence to compare morphology and count. Due to anatomical similarities, there tends to be morphological confusion between microglia and GFAP. However, when stained in conjunction with one another, notable differences can allow for easy distinction. This is why a cocktail run with a dual staining technique would be a superior diagnostic tool in comparison to testing the two markers independently.

In this episode, we dive into the role of microglial cells, the brain's resident immune defenders, and how their chronic activation at the cellular level contributes to neurodegeneration. We'll explore the cellular mechanisms behind microglial activation, including the involvement of P2Y12 receptors and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and TNF-α. Additionally, we'll discuss how everyday environmental toxins and stressors can trigger long-term microglial activity, potentially increasing the risk of conditions like Alzheimer's. Topics: 1. Introduction - Overview: Microglia and neurodegeneration. - Environmental toxins affecting microglia. 2. Brain and Microglial Overview - Brain has neurons and glial cells. - Microglia are the brain's immune cells. - Roles: Immune defense, synaptic pruning, neuroprotection. 3. Microglial Immune Function - Constantly monitor for infection and damage. - Activated microglia perform phagocytosis. - Clear debris and maintain brain health. 4. Cellular Mechanisms of Activation - P2Y12 receptors respond to ATP/ADP. - Microglia shift from resting to activated. - Activated microglia are highly phagocytic. 5. Role in Synaptic Pruning - Microglia help in synaptic pruning. - Remove weak synapses for efficient brain circuits. 6. Microglia in Neurodegeneration - Chronic activation leads to inflammation. - Release of cytokines like IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6. - Contributes to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's. - MHC molecules 7. Environmental Toxins and Activation - Mycotoxins cross BBB and activate microglia - Heavy metals like lead, aluminum affect neurons - Pesticides/herbicides linked to Parkinson's risk 8. Other Factors Activating Microglia - Industrial chemicals, BPA - Artificial additives, alcohol - Chronic stress 9. Conclusion - Recap: Microglial functions and overactivation. - Lifestyle factors influence microglial health. Thank you to our episode sponsors: 1. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daily Nouri⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for 20% off your order. 2. Check out the TruAge ⁠Biological Age Test⁠ from ⁠TruMe Labs⁠. Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

MILANO (ITALPRESS) - Perché lo stress causa infiammazione e sintomi diversi in tutto il corpo? Quando il suo impatto sul nostro sistema immunitario, il nostro esercito ci aiuta a difenderci dalle minacce esterne e quando innesca una guerra biologica interna, dentro di noi, che ci distrugge? Nel quarantottesimo numero di Focus Salute, format tv dell'agenzia Italpress, la ginecologa e oncologa Alessandra Graziottin analizza questi aspetti dello stress, all'interno di un ciclo di quattro conversazioni in cui vengono affrontati: le conseguenze fisiche dello stress; il ruolo del microbioma nella gestione dello stress; le malattie che lo stress aggrava o scatena. mgg/gsl

Immune discusses two stories of immune cells eating other cells: microglia engulfing brain neurons to shape cortical development and behavior, and mast cells trapping neutrophils to increase their functional and metabolic fitness. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Cindy Leifer, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Immune! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Microglia shape cortical development and behavior (Cell) Neutrophil trapping by mast cells (Cell) Time stamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music by Steve Neal. Immune logo image by Blausen Medical Send your immunology questions and comments to immune@microbe.tv

References FASEB J .2008. 22:2541-2551 Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 7;14(1):4029. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology.2015. Volume 40, April : 115-126 CHIRALITY. 2023. Volume35, Issue9 September:577-585 Lake, G . 1972. "From theBeginning". Trilogy.lp ELP. Begihttps://open.spotify.com/track/1rw12PalmC8IDoygHT3fm1?si=535ae4023d064b16 Telemann, GP. 1720-1740. Various Concertos. https://open.spotify.com/album/1KYduuF73q2mCqoeEWmpw9?si=pNd2NVG1Sbu_B_z8vbQalA --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

In this episode, Katy interviews Björn Vahsen to discuss his ongoing research on Motor neurone disease using iPSCs to co-culture microglia and motor neurons.

What aspects of the brain differ between autistic people and non-autistic people? Do these brain differences lead to things like synesthesia in autistic people? Synesthesia is when your senses or perceptions overlap, like when you think of a number and see waves of red or some other colour. Or when you can feel in your own body the sensations and physical pain of another, just by looking at them!In this episode, I also talk about ableist perspectives in autism research, secondary autism, neurons, glial cells, early brain development, mirror-touch synesthesia as the basis of deep empathy, and much more!Watch this episode on YouTube.If you'd like to know more about topics discussed in this episode, check out:"What Is Synaptic Pruning?" By Jacquelyn Cafasso"Astroglia in Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Kinga Gzielo and Agnieszka Nikiforuk"Regional Differences in Synaptogenesis in Human Cerebral Cortex" by Peter Huttenlocher and Arun Dabholkar"Microglia in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorders" by Ryuta Koyama and Yuji Ikegaya"Astrocytes and Microglia and Their Potential Link With Autism Spectrum Disorders" by Francesco Petrelli et al."Balancing Excitation and Inhibition in the Autistic Brain" by Charlotte Pretzsch and Dorothea Floris"Synaptic Growth, Synesthesia and Savant Abilities" by Martin Silvertant"Neuroinflammation, Mast Cells, and Glia: Dangerous Liaisons" by Stephen D. Skaper et al."Lack of Neuron 'Pruning' May Be Behind Many Brain-Related Conditions" by Clare Wilson"Microglia and Astrocytes Underlie Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Susceptibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Yue Xiong et al.Episode outro music: "It's Too Much" by Kristen Hovet  Theme music: "Everything Feels New" by Evgeny Bardyuzha. All episodes written and produced by Kristen Hovet.To submit a question to possibly be answered in a future episode, please email kristen.hovet@gmail.comBecome a patron on Patreon!Buy me a coffee!

Mathew Blurton-Jones presents CRISPR-based interventions for a rare brain disorder in mice by substituting defective brain cells with healthy ones. He details experiments demonstrating the efficacy of corrected cells in mitigating brain pathologies. Blurton-Jones emphasizes the need for cautious translation to human trials, advocating gradual cell replacement to preempt potential adverse effects. Additionally, he delves into the implications of microglia in Alzheimer's disease progression and explores potential interconnections among various neurodegenerative conditions. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 38333]

Mathew Blurton-Jones presents CRISPR-based interventions for a rare brain disorder in mice by substituting defective brain cells with healthy ones. He details experiments demonstrating the efficacy of corrected cells in mitigating brain pathologies. Blurton-Jones emphasizes the need for cautious translation to human trials, advocating gradual cell replacement to preempt potential adverse effects. Additionally, he delves into the implications of microglia in Alzheimer's disease progression and explores potential interconnections among various neurodegenerative conditions. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 38333]

Mathew Blurton-Jones presents CRISPR-based interventions for a rare brain disorder in mice by substituting defective brain cells with healthy ones. He details experiments demonstrating the efficacy of corrected cells in mitigating brain pathologies. Blurton-Jones emphasizes the need for cautious translation to human trials, advocating gradual cell replacement to preempt potential adverse effects. Additionally, he delves into the implications of microglia in Alzheimer's disease progression and explores potential interconnections among various neurodegenerative conditions. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 38333]

Mathew Blurton-Jones presents CRISPR-based interventions for a rare brain disorder in mice by substituting defective brain cells with healthy ones. He details experiments demonstrating the efficacy of corrected cells in mitigating brain pathologies. Blurton-Jones emphasizes the need for cautious translation to human trials, advocating gradual cell replacement to preempt potential adverse effects. Additionally, he delves into the implications of microglia in Alzheimer's disease progression and explores potential interconnections among various neurodegenerative conditions. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 38333]

References Brain Imaging Behav. 2011 Sep; 5(3): 189–202 PLoS One. 2019; 14(1): e0210888. Alcohol, 2017-12-01, Volume 65, Pages 51-62 Clapton, E. and Martin Sharp .1967 "Tales of Brave Ulysses" https://youtu.be/I32Wwfv8v1U?si=TfUX6Xldenp_f5M5 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Neurology Today Editor-in-chief Joseph E. Safdieh, MD, FAAN, discusses new studies on a promising potassium channel opener for refractory epilepsy; the impact of adverse childhood events in headache disorders; and excessive engulfment by microglia/astroctyes in dementia.

In this podcast, Dr. Rodney and Karen share 5 easy changes that will halt dementia and alzheimers. The number of Americans with Alzheimer's is predicted to more than double by 2050.Make these secrets part of your daily life:1-Take Omega 3's (DHA)DHA helps prevent Alzheimers because it reduces inflammation in the entire body (including the brain)Higher DHA levels result in a 47% drop in Alzheimers due to::Preservation of brain structureImproved blood-barrier integrityLower cerebral amyloid levelsListen to this podcast on this topic here.2-Exercise and challenge your brain to increase neuroplasticityRegular exercise can reduce the risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's by approximately 30% and 45%, respectively. Completing puzzles, playing games, and taking adult education classes can also reduce the risk of dementia after the age of 70 by up to 11%.Active mental activities like games, puzzles, and literacy classes provide the greatest cognitive benefits as they require problem-solving or processing and storing new information.3-Maintain your life purposeView life through a lens of hope (optimism)Enjoy diverse leisure activities that make a difference in the lives of othersCognitive benefits happen because of growth of neurons and synapsesMaintain and promote a sense of well-being4-Pay attention to your gut healthRecent studies suggest that there is a link between poor gut health, specifically chronic constipation, and early dementia. Chronic constipation may not only be an indicator of gut health but may also be a warning sign of cognitive decline. Researchers believe there is evidence connecting gut health to brain health. The researchers theorize that constipation and cognition are linked via the gut microbiome, which is also linked to various diseases like Alzheimer's. People with constipation and worse cognition tended to have relatively few gut bacteria that produced butyrate, which is an important fatty acid that helps control inflammation. 5-Get your teeth cleaned regularlyA study published in the Journal of Neuroinflammation has found that periodontal (gum) disease leads to changes in your brain's microglial cells.Microglia, which eliminate harmful substances in the Central Nervous System, can be generated from white blood cells called monocytes. Gum disease can hinder microglia's ability to digest amyloid plaque, leading to neuro-inflammation. Older adults with gum disease and mouth infections are more likely to develop Alzheimer's. Nearly half of Americans aged 30 and above have periodontal disease.Brush your teeth regularlyFlossUse a Waterpik Get regular dental cleanings.Follow us on Instagram.Follow us on Facebook.Visit our website. Please rate us and write a review!

Synopsis: Ivana Magovčević-Liebisch, PhD, JD, is the President and CEO of Vigil Neuroscience, a microglia-focused company dedicated to improving the lives of patients, caregivers, and families affected by rare and common neurodegenerative diseases by restoring the vigilance of microglia, the sentinel cells of the brain's immune system. Ivana shares how sitting on boards of other companies has informed how she operates as CEO at Vigil. She talks about how she's seen her role evolve as the company has grown over the last three years. She discusses the importance of having diversity and diversity of thought on the leadership team. She provides her perspective on neurology as a therapeutic area, where unmet needs still exist, and the challenges and opportunities in precision-based neurology. Finally, she shares her approach to building culture at Vigil. Biography: Ivana is an accomplished pharmaceutical and biotechnology executive focused on corporate excellence and execution. She has over 20 years of senior management experience in financing, strategic partnerships, M&A, clinical development, regulatory affairs, commercialization, legal and IP strategies, and preparation and execution of operating plans. Prior to Vigil, Ivana was Executive Vice President (EVP) and Chief Business Officer at Ipsen where she was responsible for fueling the pipeline through external innovation and led the External Innovation, Business Development and Alliance Management functions. Prior to Ipsen, Ivana was EVP, Chief Strategy and Corporate Development Officer at Axcella Health, Senior VP (SVP) and Head of Global Business Development for the specialty drug business at Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. She previously worked at Dyax Corp in management roles including EVP and Chief Operating Officer where she launched the company's first drug, Kalbitor® for an orphan indication, Hereditary Angioedema, and at Transkaryotic Therapies, Inc. Ivana serves as a member of the Board of Directors for Aeglea BioTherapeutics, Inc. Ivana holds a PhD in Genetics from Harvard University and received her JD in High Technology law from Suffolk University Law School.

References Neurol Genet. 2018 Jan 18;4(1):e211. J Immunol (2003) 171 (2): 594–599. Acta Neuropathol. 2023; 145(6): 749–772. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Microglia are specialized immune cells in the central nervous system that act as sentinels to maintain healthy brain function. They protect the brain against processes that can ultimately lead to neurodegeneration. Vigil Neuroscience is developing precision medicines designed to target microglia and restore and enhance the performance of these cells when they fail to act as they should due to disease. The company's lead program is in development as a treatment for ALSP, a rare, genetic, neurodegenerative condition. We spoke to Ivana Magovčević-Liebisch, president and CEO of Vigil Neuroscience, about the role of microglia, what happens to these cells in ALSP, and why the company's approach can have implications for a range of rare and common neurodegenerative conditions.

Dr. Mario Capecchi is a professor of genetics at the University of Utah & Nobel laureate. He discussed: his latest work in neurobiology, looking at the role of microglia in anxiety & Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD); his Nobel Prize-winning work in molecular genetics; molecular biology & genetics; his childhood experiences as an orphan in Italy during World War II; immigrating to the US; his education & scientific career; his exercise & diet; advice for aspiring scientists; and more.Support the showSign up for the free weekly Mind & Matter newsletter:[https://mindandmatter.substack.com/?sort=top]Learn how you can further support the podcast: [https://mindandmatter.substack.com/p/how-to-support-mind-and-matter]Become a Premium Subscriber to access full content library, including full premium episodes:[https://mindandmatter.substack.com/subscribe?utm_source=menu&simple=true&next=https%3A%2F%2Fmindandmatter.substack.com%2F]Try the Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Use code MIND for $50 off:[https://www.lumen.me/shop?fid=8731&utm_source=influencer&utm_medium=influencer&discount=MIND]

Dive into a deeper understanding of the role of inflammation in causing injury to the brain and spinal cord in multiple sclerosis. It's a journey marked by ups and downs, where the adaptive immune system composed of lymphocytes (T and B cells) attack myelin and the innate immune system clears damaged myelin. An immune cell called microglia can create smoldering inflammation in MS that poses a threat of progressive disability. Explore the arsenal of MS treatment strategies developed over the past 3 decades to either alter or suppress the immune system to reduce inflammation. Triumphs and limitations of our current MS therapies shared. Antioxidant research, diet and new therapeutics tackling smoldering inflammation bring newfound hope. Barry Singer MD, Director of The MS Center for Innovations in Care, interviews: Klaus Schemierer MB BS, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Neurology at the Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, and Consultant Neurologist at The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust. Michael Kornberg MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Neurology at John Hopkins.

The chimeric mouse model could provide a more realistic way to study microglia's roles in brain conditions such as autism.

The chimeric mouse model could provide a more realistic way to study microglia's roles in brain conditions such as autism.

One of the strangest and most disconcerting things about the COVID 19 pandemic has been the story of long COVID.Many COVID long-haulers  have continued experiencing cognitive symptoms long after their initial COVID infection — loss of attention, concentration, memory, and mental sharpness — what scientists are calling "brain fog".  For some patients, the condition is so serious that it can be impossible to go back to their pre-COVID lives.Today's guest, actually had an early intuition that COVID-19 could trigger a neurological health crisis.Michelle Monje is a pediatric neuro-oncologist here at Stanford who treats kids with serious brain cancers. She also runs a neuroscience research lab that studies how the brain develops during early life. For the past decade, she has been focused on how chemotherapy triggers a cascade of inflammation in the brain that leads to so called “chemo-fog” — a very similar set of symptoms that we now see in many people with long covid.In this episode, Monje helps us understand what brain fog is, what seems to be causing it, and how her team and others are trying to develop treatments that could help with other conditions linked to inflammation in the brain, such as chronic fatigue syndrome.ReferencesFernández-Castañeda A, Lu P, Geraghty AC, et al. (Iwasaki A, Monje M) Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation. Cell. 2022;185(14):2452-2468.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.008Monje M, Iwasaki A. The neurobiology of long COVID. Neuron. 2022;110(21):3484-3496. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.006Read more about Monje's workOne of Long COVID's Worst Symptoms Is Also Its Most Misunderstood (The Atlantic)Brain fog after COVID-19 has similarities to ‘chemo brain,' Stanford-led study finds (Stanford Medicine)In ‘chemo brain,' researchers see clues to unravel long Covid's brain fog (STAT News)Even Mild Covid-19 Can Cause Brain Dysfunction And Cognitive Issues (Forbes)Episode CreditsThis episode was produced by Michael Osborne, with production assistance by Morgan Honaker, and hosted by Nicholas Weiler. Art by Aimee Garza.Thanks for listening! Learn more about the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford and follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.

TWiN reviews the field of microgial research, which has advanced in recent decades but is constrained by nomenclature that is necessary but often implies specific functions. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode Microglia states and nomenclature (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

The approach could help test hypotheses about how atypical function of the brain's immune cells contributes to autism. The post Mapping tool reveals microglia's shape-shifting secrets appeared first on Spectrum | Autism Research News.

The approach could help test hypotheses about how atypical function of the brain's immune cells contributes to autism.

The approach could help test hypotheses about how atypical function of the brain's immune cells contributes to autism.

Videos : Niall Ferguson – Woke Totalitarianism (0:19 to 18:14) Heather Mac Donald On How The Delusion of Diversity Destroys Our Common Humanity (11:14) Elon Musk: “Klaus Schwab Is LYING!!!” (9:45) Lycopene, lutein supplements show skin protection from within against UV radiation Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (Germany), November 10, 2022 The study's findings, published in the British Journal of Dermatology , indicated that oral supplementation with the carotenoids changed the expression of genes that are indicators of oxidative stress, photo-dermatoses and photo-aging. “To the best of our knowledge we show here for the 1st time that (i) tomato nutrient complex as well as lutein do not only protect healthy human skin against UVB/A, but also against long wave UVA1 radiation, and (ii) that oral photo-protection of healthy human skin can be demonstrated at the level of HO-1, ICAM-1 and MMP-1 gene expression,” wrote researchers from IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine in Dusseldorf. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) are reported to be UVA1/UVB radiation-inducible genes. “On top of that, as part of the photo-aging process we have evidence of the effect of our ingredients on the levels of expression of genes involved in collagen degradation, suggesting a link not only to skin health but also to skin appearance. This study suggests an effect of natural antioxidants on overall skin wellness, which is relevant for men and women in all age groups.” The new study included 65 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 60. The participants were randomly assigned to randomly consume 20 mg per day of the tomato nutrient complex or placebo for 12 weeks, or 20 mg per day of lutein or placebo for 12 weeks. A two-week washout period separated the placebo and active intervention periods. At the beginning and at the end of each phase the skin was irradiated.Results of the placebo-controlled, double blinded, randomized cross-over study indicated that the tomato nutrient complex (TNC) totally inhibited the upregulation of HO-1, ICAM-1 and MMP1 mRNA by both UVA1 and UVA/B. On the other hand, lutein only completely inhibited gene expression if taken during the first 12 weeks (ie. prior to placebo), while a significantly smaller effect was observed if it was taken during the second 12 week phase (ie. after placebo), compared to TNC. (NEXT) Diallyl trisulfide in garlic induces apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma Kyoto Pharmaceutical University (Japan), November 7, 2022 Reports from Kyoto Pharmaceutical University stated, “The allyl sulfides, including diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DAD), and diallyl trisulfide (DAT), contained in garlic and members of the Allium family, have a variety of pharmacological activities. Therefore, allyl sulfides have been evaluated as potential novel chemotherapeutic agents.” Our news editors obtained a quote from the research, “Here, we found that DAT inhibited nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling and induced apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a subtype of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We examined the cytotoxic effects of DAS, DAD and DAT on PEL cells. DAT significantly reduced the viability of PEL cells compared with uninfected B-lymphoma cells, and induced the apoptosis of PEL cells by activating caspase-9. DAT induced stabilization of IkBa, and suppressed NF-kB transcriptional activity in PEL cells. We examined the mechanism underlying DAT-mediated IkBa stabilization. The results indicated that DAT stabilized IkBa by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IkBa by the IkB kinase (IKK) complex. Furthermore, DAT induced proteasomal degradation of TRAF6, and DAT suppressed IKKb-phosphorylation through downregulation of TRAF6. It is known that activation of NF-kB is essential for survival of PEL cells. In fact, the NF-kB inhibitor BAY11-7082 induced apoptosis in PEL cells. In addition, DAT suppressed the production of progeny virus from PEL cells. The administration of DAT suppressed the development of PEL cells and ascites in SCID mice xenografted with PEL cells.” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “These findings provide evidence that DAT has antitumor activity against PEL cells in-vitro and in-vivo, suggesting it to be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of PEL.” (NEXT) PTSD May Speed Up Cellular Aging Boston University, November 13, 2022 From birth to death, a lot may change, but our DNA—the long, double-helix molecule that contains all of a person's genetic code—stays the same. The instructions for reading that code can shift, however, as the chemical tags on and around a DNA sequence change throughout our lives, depending on our age, environment, and behavior. This outside influence on how our genes are read and expressed by cells is called epigenetics—and researchers studying it have discovered clues that may show why some veterans live longer than others. In a new study of military veterans published in Translational Psychiatry, researchers report findings that suggest former service personnel with PTSD are at greater risk of early death. “Our study found that PTSD and comorbid conditions, like substance misuse, are associated with a cellular marker of early death found in DNA methylation patterns,” says Erika Wolf, a professor of psychiatry at the Boston University School of Medicine and senior author of the study. The study included two samples of veterans that had representative levels of trauma and other psychiatric conditions, like substance use and personality disorders. One group included 434 veterans in their early 30s, who had served in post-9/11 conflicts; the other group included 647 middle-age veterans and their trauma-exposed spouses. Both groups were assessed for a range of psychological conditions, and had blood drawn to obtain genetic information and to test for levels of a variety of inflammatory molecules. The results indicate PTSD symptoms were a factor in faster cellular aging—.36 of a year faster. So, for every year that the cells of someone without PTSD age, the cells of someone with more severe PTSD symptoms age a year and a third. (NEXT) Higher sense of purpose in life may be linked to lower mortality risk Boston University, November 14, 2022 Growing research indicates that one's purpose—i.e., the extent to which someone perceives a sense of direction and goals in their life—may be linked to health-protective benefits such as better physical functioning and lower risks of cardiovascular disease or cognitive decline. Now, a new study led by a Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) researcher found that people with higher levels of purpose may have a lower risk of death from any cause, and that this association is applicable across race/ethnicity and gender. Published in the journal Preventive Medicine, the study results did suggest that this association is slightly stronger among women than it is among men, but there was no significant difference by race/ethnicity. “In another study I led, we found that the effect of purpose on lowering all-cause mortality may differ by socioeconomic status. In this study, we extended the prior evidence and found that the beneficial effect of purpose persisted regardless of gender and race/ethnicity.” For the study, the team assessed self-reported sense of purpose among more than 13,000 people, based on the “purpose in life” of the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scales, a widely used tool that measures different aspects of well-being and happiness. The researchers also examined mortality risk over an eight-year period beginning between 2006-2008. The results showed that people with the highest sense of purpose indicated the lowest risk of death (15.2 percent mortality risk), compared to people with the lowest sense of purpose (36.5 percent mortality risk). The team also gathered data on additional factors that can influence health, such socioeconomic status, other demographic characteristics, baseline physical health, and depression, and found that an increase in these factors was also associated with increases in a higher sense of purpose. (NEXT) Hibiscus compound shows anti-Alzheimer disease activity Pohang University of Science and Technology, November 16 2022. A report published in Alzheimer's Research & Therapy revealed that gossypetin, a flavonoid occurring in the calyx of the hibiscus flower, activates a process that reduces brain accumulation of amyloid beta, a protein that clumps to form toxic brain plaques in people with Alzheimer disease. Gossypetin has been reported to have antioxidant, antiatherosclerotic and anticancer effects. Earlier research had suggested a benefit for gossypetin, which is structurally similar to quercetin, against the aggregation of amyloid beta and tau proteins that occurs in Alzheimer disease. However, gossypetin's action in animal models of the disease had not been evaluated. Researchers at Pohang University of Science and Technology administered gossypetin or a control substance to mice that were bred to develop a condition similar to that of Alzheimer disease in humans. After 13 weeks of daily treatment, mice that received the flavonoid had less amyloid beta in the brain's hippocampus (an area involved in memory and learning) and cortex in comparison with the control mice. Gossypetin-treated animals also demonstrated better spatial learning and memory than untreated mice. Rather than affecting the production of amyloid beta, the research team found that gossypetin helped clear it by enhancing the scavenging ability of the brain's immune cells, which are known as microglia. Microglia normally consume amyloid beta but can become exhausted by continual exposure, which leads to a chronic damaging inflammatory reaction. (NEXT) Over a billion young people are potentially at risk of hearing loss from headphones, earbuds, loud music venues Mayo Clinic, November 15, 2022 More than 1 billion teens and young people are potentially at risk of hearing loss because of their use of headphones and earbuds and attendance at loud music venues, concludes a pooled data analysis of the available evidence, published in the open access journal BMJ Global Health. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 430 million people worldwide currently have disabling hearing loss. Young people are particularly vulnerable because of their use of personal listening devices (PLDs), such as smartphones, headphones and earbuds, and attendance at loud music venues, amid poor regulatory enforcement. Previously published research suggests that PLD users often choose volumes as high as 105 dB while average sound levels at entertainment venues range from 104 to 112 dB, exceeding permissible levels (80 dB for adults; 75 dB for children) even if for very short periods of time. A group of 33 studies, corresponding to data from 35 records and 19,046 participants, was included; 17 records focused on PLD use and 18 focused on loud entertainment venues. The pooled data analysis indicates that the prevalence of unsafe listening practices from PLD use and attendance at loud entertainment venues is common worldwide—24% and 48%, respectively, among teens and young people. Based on these figures, the researchers estimate that the global number of teens and young adults who could potentially be at risk of hearing loss as a result ranges from 0.67 to 1.35 billion.

A new research paper was published in Aging (listed as “Aging (Albany NY)” by MEDLINE/PubMed and “Aging-US” by Web of Science) Volume 14, Issue 20, entitled, “Age-associated changes in microglia activation and Sirtuin-1- chromatin binding patterns.” The aging process is associated with changes in mechanisms maintaining physiology, influenced by genetics and lifestyle, and impacting late life quality and longevity. Brain health is critical in healthy aging. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a histone deacetylase with silencing properties, is one of the molecular determinants experimentally linked to health and longevity. In this new study, researchers Liana V. Basova, Nikki Bortell, Bruno Conti, Howard S. Fox, Richard Milner, and Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes from San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Oncovalent Therapeutics compared brain pathogenesis and Sirt1-chromatin binding dynamics in brain pre-frontal cortex from 2 groups of elder rhesus macaques (rhesus monkeys), divided by age of necropsy: shorter-lived animals (18-20 years old (yo)), equivalent to 60-70 human yo; and longer-lived animals (23-29 yo), corresponding to 80-100 human yo and modeling successful aging. These were compared with young adult brains (4-7 yo). “Our findings indicated drastic differences in the microglia marker Iba1, along with factors influencing Sirt1 levels and activity, such as CD38 (an enzyme limiting NAD that controls Sirt1 activity) and mir142 (a microRNA targeting Sirt1 transcription) between the elder groups.” Iba1 was lower in shorter-lived animals than in the other groups, while CD38 was higher in both aging groups compared to young. mir142 and Sirt1 levels were inversely correlated in longer-lived brains (>23yo), but not in shorter-lived brains (18-20 yo). They also found that Sirt1 binding showed signs of better efficiency in longer-lived animals compared to shorter-lived ones, in genes associated with nuclear activity and senescence. “Overall, differences in neuroinflammation and Sirt1 interactions with chromatin distinguished shorter- and longer-lived animals, suggesting the importance of preserving microglia and Sirt1 functional efficiency for longevity.” DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204329 Corresponding Author: Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes - cmarcondes@SDBRI.org Keywords: aging, brain, rhesus macaques, microglia, Sirtuin-1 Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article: https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.204329 Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cz33TWM4so4 About Aging-US: Launched in 2009, Aging (Aging-US) publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways. Please visit our website at www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us: SoundCloud – https://soundcloud.com/Aging-Us Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Twitter – https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/agingus​ LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Reddit – https://www.reddit.com/user/AgingUS Pinterest – https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ For media inquiries, please contact media@impactjournals.com

En el episodio de hoy Hugo y Clara hablan del origen y composición química del jabón y de cómo el cerebro se mantiene limpio.Notas:Redes sociales:Puedes seguirnos en Twitter, Instagram y Facebook para estar al tanto de cualquier novedad.Si quieres aprender más sobre Neurociencia, puedes seguir a Clara en su canal de YouTube “Cerebrotes”, donde sube vídeos semanales hablando de Neurociencia y Psicología. También la puedes encontrar en Twitter, Instagram y Facebook con el nombre artístico de Cerebrotes. A Hugo sólo puedes seguir por la calle, porque no está en redes sociales.Nuestro contenido y opiniones no representan a nuestros empleadores. -Referencias de Hugo:-Historia y químicahttps://www.cleaninginstitute.org/understanding-products/why-clean/soaps-detergents-historyhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542893/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00033793900201191?journalCode=tasc20https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/higiene-entre-antiguos-egipcios_15894-Cómo se hace el jabón?https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02645899-El glicerol ( o glicerina)https://pioneerthinking.com/what-is-glycerin/-Referencias de Clara:-Sistema glinfático y líquido cefalorraquídeo:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4636982/#:~:text=The%20glymphatic%20system%20is%20a,from%20the%20central%20nervous%20system.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2019.01114/fullhttps://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0605843103https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/lactate-shuttlehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6562853/-Imagen del sistema glinfático:https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Outline-of-the-glymphatic-system-This-figure-illustrates-that-perivascular-clearance_fig1_322688508-Microglia:https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/microgliahttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279396/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-018-0057-5https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/embj.2020104464

We normally focus on the function of brain cells that send signals to eachother and communicate across small or long distances, which show differences in ASD. However, we rarely pay attention to the other cells in the brain. One type of cell, called the microglia, has been shown to not only help “pick up the … Continue reading "The Meaning of Microglia"

TWiN explains how central nervous system resident macrophages known as microglia coordinate cellular interactions during spinal cord repair in mice. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Links for this episode Microglia coordinate spinal cord repair (Nat Commun) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

Bad analogies, awkward singing, and strange voices? It must be a Tom episode! Tom joins Amielle for a lot of silliness, doorbell ringing, and cetaceans. When they aren't insulting their own mothers, Tom and Amielle manage to talk about two new research papers. Tom gets into a methods paper where researchers make some microglia. Then Amielle dives into a paper all about how seals and whales survive without oxygen during long underwater dives. Also, “You Ask a Mouse a Cookie.”

Jonathan Dayton is the Executive Director of the Maryland Rural Health Association. (MHRA) The Maryland Rural Health Association (MRHA) educates and advocates for the optimal health and wellness of rural Marylanders at the federal, state, and local levels. Maryland Rural Health Association MHRA Conference BBQ for Brains - Tickets Key Brewery Taphouse For more information you can visit www.biamd.org or call the free helpline at 1-800-221-6443. #5ThoughtsFriday Flashback: Matches, Microglia, and Messes Disclaimer: This podcast is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute endorsement of treatments, individuals, or programs which appear herein. Any external links on the website are provided for the visitor's convenience; once you click on any of these links you are leaving the BIAMD website. BIAMD has no control over and is not responsible for the nature, content, and availability of those sites. 

Anxiety was escalating at a rapid rate before 2020, and now it's just crazy. Long-haulers, mandates, lockdowns, wars, masks, headlines, our kids.....let's just say it isn't expected to  get any better anytime soon, hence counseling services are increasing, doctors visits and prescriptions are increasing, but so are people searching for information and trying to solve their anxiety puzzle without medications, on their own. There are tons of options for medications, supplements, and general advice out there - where do you turn and what do you do?? Understand the mechanisms of anxiety, neuroinflammation, and autoimmunity. UNDERSTANDING MECHANISMS PROVIDE SOLUTIONS!I have at least 20 things in my Vitamin Store that I have used in my clinic that have helped people tremendously with anxiety, including magnesium, CBD, L-theanine, B6 and other B vitamins, keto diet, avoiding gluten or dairy, binders, methyl donors, sauna,  herbs for pathogens, probiotics, adaptogens, vagus nerve stimulation. Some of these people were mold, Lyme, EBV, IBS, or autoimmune disease patients with a list of 10+ other symptoms, but some were kids, moms, dads, people who just dealt with a lot of anxiety but otherwise had few complaints. It can happen to anybody. What are the mechanisms for YOU?? Here is a list of 10 things you need to know about when searching for the next clue to solve your health puzzle:1. Mitochondria - the batteries behind it all!! Also the cause behind it all.....listen to episodes 30, 31, 32 for more info on mitochondria but you have a QUADRILLION of them in your brain, so they are kinda important.....2. Brain Cells - Neurons vs. Microglia vs. Mast Cells vs. Astrocytes.....you don't need to know everything, but a little bit about each one can help!3. Brain Regions - limbic regions - amygdala, insula, hippocampus, hypothalamus; cerebellar-vestibular regions4. Neurotransmitters - GABA/Glutamate, Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetycholine, Epinephrine, Norepipheprine5. Hormones - HPA Axis (adrenals), Thyroid, Androgens, Estrogens, and most importantly Cortisol 6. Blood-Brain-Barrier - protector of the brain - damaged by head traumas, glutathione depletion, histamine, gut inflammation and permeability (leaky gut)7. Dysfunctional Pathways - Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS), LPS, Mast Cell Activation, Kynurenine Pathway, Methylation, NO/ONOO, iNOS, excitotoxins (MSG, red 40), EMF radiation8. Nervous System Balance - Sympathetic/Parasympathetic balance - "fight or flight" vs. "rest and digest"9. Mitophagy/Autophagy - the clearing of "junk" from the brain10. Autoimmunity! - Self-tissue antibodies against things like GAD-65, cerebellum, thyroid, Myelin Basic Protein, Synapsin, Asiologanglioside, etcThese are 10 heavy topics!! But they are all important. You don't need to know everything about them, but knowing a little bit about each topic can help you figure out a bit more what's going on in your brain!

How easy is it to change our Habits? Today we have the important job of working out what neuroplasticity is all about. 50 years ago we thought the adult brain remained the same after reaching maturity. Now since the discovery that in fact our neural networks remain ‘plastic', which means adaptable, a host of research has opened up fuelled by our desire to thrive and improve rather than just survive. Along with that knowledge, as so often with popular science, has come a host of exaggerations and quick fix claims, that prey on the wishful thinker, and today we're aiming to sort the facts form the fiction and really understand what can change in our neural networks in adulthood and perhaps even offer some tools to facilitate that. Who better to discuss this with than developmental neurobiologist turned freelance science writer Moheb Costandi. He writes stories and articles for various popular publications like New Scientist and the Guardian, is often cited from his Neurophilosophy blog, and is the author of the books Neuroplasticity and 50 Human Brain Ideas You Really Need to Know. Things we discuss in this episode: 00:00 A good psychology teacher 04:30 The controversial history of neuroplasticity 11:46 Longterm potentiation (LTP) 12:41 Stem Cells and the tipping point for neuroplasticity 14:47 What's the significance of neuro-genesis? 16:00 What actually happens when neurons adapt? 18:00 Electro-chemical neurocommunication at high speed 22:00 Are there neurons all over the body? 23:30 The gut's enteric nervous system (ENS) 25:00 Calling out spurious false rumours about neuroplasticity 31:40 ‘Awareness of plasticity doesn't empower us in any way' 33:00 The wellness, self help and new age industries have manipulated neuroplasticity to exploit the public 37:05 Can we use plasticity to reprogram negative habits? 40:30 The bidirectional link between brain and behaviour. 44:00 The longer we have a particular behaviour the stronger those pathways become 47:00 Stress hormones stimulate plasticity. Negative emotions encode memories more strongly. 50:00 Microglia: the brain's immune cells 53:00 Plasticity even in white matter tracts of myelin 55.00 Mitigating age-related cognitive decline using plasticity 01:01:00 Learning a musical instrument or new language can help mitigate dementia 1:05:00 Are there any limits to how plastic the mind can be? 1:12:00 Are brain computer-interfaces going to cause a plasticity adaptation in the brain? 1:16:00 Technology could cause a lowering of brain function rather than a bionic super race References: ‘Neuroplasticity' by Moheb Costandi 'Neurophilosophy' Mo's blog Charles Darwin - Dissent of Man Santiago Ramone Cahall and Camill Gogi - Nobel prize The Raticularists Paul Bach-y-Rita Longterm potentiation LTP Microglia: the brain's immune cells

A Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a complex and convoluted process that leads to the disruption of brain function. The initial injury, can be represented by traumatic or non-traumatic injuries. In traumatic injuries there is a transfer of physical energy from outside the individual to the inside which might be represented by blunt head trauma as in an assault, blast wave trauma from an IED, acceleration-decceleration injury as in a motor vehicle accident or a fall, and repetitive impact injury as in boxing, gunfire, football, and even skiing. Non-traumatic injuries can be precipitated by chronic stress, certain medications, x-rays, surgical procedures, viral and bacterial infections, auto-immune illnesses, and inflammatory bowel diseases to name a few. Regardless of the causation, the effect is the turning on of cells in the brain called Microglia. These are the main immune cells in the brain that protects us from infections and help to keep our brain clear from the accumulation of by-products of cellular metabolism, death, and bad chemistry. Over time, the inflammation generated can affect your cognitive and emotional health which is associated with poor short and long-term memory, emotional lability and one or more mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and bi-polar disorder. Recent scientific literature is making the association of these inflammatory cytokines with all formed of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).   Originally residency trained and board certified in Family Medicine (1984), Dr. Mark L. Gordon continued his medical education in Clinical Orthopedics (1990), Cosmetic Dermatology (1993), and Sports Medicine. His book, The Clinical Application of Interventional Medicine (2008), is recognized by his peers as a primer for the standards of care and assessment for Interventional Endocrinology (anti-aging medicine). He is currently the Medical Director of CBS Studios (2001-date), and has also participated on projects with HBO, ESPN, CNN, FOX, Good Morning, and a number of international news programs. Dr. Gordon has appeared on the Joe Rogan Experience (#438, #574, #700, #1056) to discuss Traumatic Brain Injury associated hormonal dysfunction syndrome which generated national and international interest. In May 2015, his book Traumatic Brain Injury – A clinical approach to diagnosis and treatment, was launched along with a three-day workshop attended by an international and national group of medical specialists seeking advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of TBI. Dr. Mark Gordon is the owner and Medical Director of Millennium-TBI, located in Encino, California.   Learn more about what Dr. Gordon is doing at: WWW.TBIHELPNOW.ORG