Podcasts about astrocytes

We tend to think of neurons as the sole engine of our thoughts, emotions, and everything in between.  For decades, a group of large brain cells called astrocytes have been thought of as mere packing peanuts for the brain. But new research suggests otherwise. On this episode of The Quanta Podcast, host Samir Patel speaks with writer Ingrid Wickelgren about these big cells' big responsibilities, which include controlling brain states like hopelessness, sleep, and hunger. This topic was covered in a recent story for Quanta Magazine. Each week on The Quanta Podcast, Quanta Magazine editor in chief Samir Patel speaks with the people behind the award-winning publication to navigate through some of the most important and mind-expanding questions in science and math. Audio Coda by NASA.

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5lsQIJUPgQ4&t=15sPart 1: https://youtu.be/uKa3wzpRoxQ?si=57tk2tO14VNVdzcpIn this episode, you can learn:Why the brain repeats rewarding behaviors and avoids costly onesHow dopamine and norepinephrine shape motivation, effort, persistence, and quittingWhy habits and routines emerge as energy-saving strategiesHow autistic cognition can heighten attention to detail, discrepancy detection, and internal weightingWhy the brain is always trying to maximize expected value while minimizing metabolic costSee the show notes from episode 1 of the Internal Calculators and Motivation for previous links.@daylightcomputerco‬ Daylight Computer Company, use "autism" for $50 off at https://buy.daylightcomputer.com/autismand Daylight Kids (!!!) https://kids.daylightcomputer.com/autism ‪@getchroma‬ Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount at https://getchroma.co/?ref=autism0:00 Internal Calculation Review: Reward, Cost, Value, Control & Habit Formation3:01 Uncertainty, Control, the ACC & Why Habits Reduce Effort5:40 Autism, Sensory Precision & Detecting Small Discrepancies6:36 Dopamine, Reinforcement & the Biology of Motivation11:57 Norepinephrine, Attention, Effort & Cognitive Engagement15:17 Astrocytes, Persistence, Quitting & Effort vs Outcome17:12 Reward Hijacking: Addiction, Smartphones, Social Media & Repetition20:33 The Equation of Life: Expected Value – Metabolic Cost22:39 Stable vs Chaotic States: Which Brain Networks Dominate24:38 Deep Focus, Flow, Habits & Why the Brain Automates Responses26:39 Final Takeaway: Maximize Value, Minimize Uncertainty & Conserve EnergyX: https://x.com/rps47586YT: / @fromthespectrum@Rfsafe https://rfsafe.org/mel/podcasts.php?pick=source%3Afromthespectrumemail: info.fromthespectrum@gmail.com

The cells amplify oxytocin—and may be responsible for sex differences in social behavior, two preprints find.

For decades, Alzheimer's research has focused on clearing amyloid plaques from the brain. But new drugs that successfully remove plaques have proven clinically "underwhelming", leaving the field searching for alternative approaches.Stanford neurologist Katrin Andreasson has spent twenty years pursuing a different path—investigating how aging triggers an energy crisis in the brain's immune and support cells. Her work reveals that inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in microglia and astrocytes may be the real drivers of Alzheimer's pathology. Most remarkably, her recent research—supported by the Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience here at the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute—shows that targeting inflammation in the peripheral immune system—outside the brain entirely—can restore memory in mouse models of the disease. While human trials are still needed, Andreasson's findings offer fresh hope and demonstrate the critical importance of supporting curiosity-driven science, even when it challenges prevailing dogma.Learn More:Alzheimer's Association honors Katrin AndreassonResearch links age-related inflammation, microglia and Alzheimer's DiseaseQ&A: How the aging immune system impacts brain healthRethinking Alzheimer's: Could it begin outside the brain?Why new Alzheimer's drugs may not work for patientsParkinson's comes in many forms. New biomarkers may explain why.Send us a text!Thanks for listening! If you're enjoying our show, please take a moment to give us a review on your podcast app of choice and share this episode with your friends. That's how we grow as a show and bring the stories of the frontiers of neuroscience to a wider audience. We want to hear from your neurons! Email us at at neuronspodcast@stanford.edu Learn more about the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford and follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.

Send us a textIntegration of brain metabolism with neural signaling, highlighting how core metabolites regulate energy use and protect neurons.Topics Discussed:Brain energy efficiency: Brains are much more energy-efficient than computers for similar processing, relying on adaptive metabolic strategies evolved under energy scarcity.Metabolism vs. information processing: Core metabolites like glutamate bridge basic cellular energy production and neural signaling.Lactate as a signal: Produced during exercise, lactate diffuses from muscles to brain, modulating neuronal excitability and providing neuroprotection.BHB in ketosis: During fasting or ketogenic diets, beta-hydroxybutyrate displaces glucose as fuel, enhances antioxidant defenses, and activates protective potassium channels in neurons.Adenosine and sleep: Accumulates from ATP breakdown during wakefulness, triggering sleep and locally inhibiting overactive neural networks for energy conservation.Glial cells' role: Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes handle sophisticated metabolism, release signaling molecules like lactate, and modulate synapses, and influence diseases like Alzheimer's.Practical Takeaways:Regular exercise elevates lactate, which signals the brain to adapt metabolism and may enhance neuroprotection against stress.Intermittent fasting or ketogenic diets can induce ketosis with BHB, potentially boosting brain antioxidant defenses and preconditioning against metabolic stress.Prioritizing sleep helps clear adenosine buildup, restoring energy balance and supporting long-term neural health.About the guest: Dr. Luis Felipe Barros, MD, PhD is a Chilean neurobiologist and professor at the Universidad de Valparaíso, where he leads a lab studying brain metabolism from glucose transport to mitochondrial function.Related Episode:M&M 255 | Unlocking Energy: How Nutrition & Drugs Impact Your Mitochondria | Chris Masterjohn*Not medical advice.Support the showAffiliates: Lumen device to optimize your metabolism for weight loss or athletic performance. Special sale Nov 10 - Dec 1: Lumen is half off ($599 → $299), and MINDMATTER gets another 15% off. AquaTru: Water filtration devices that remove microplastics, metals, bacteria, and more from your drinking water. Through link, get $100 off for AquaTru Carafe, Classic and Under the Sink Units, and $300 off Freestanding models. Seed Oil Scout: Find restaurants with seed oil-free options, scan food products to see what they're hiding, with this easy-to-use mobile app. KetoCitra—Ketone body BHB + electrolytes formulated for kidney health. Use code MIND20 for 20% off any subscription (cancel anytime) For all the ways you can support my efforts

Disrupting the astrocyte-neuronal dynamic in mice destabilizes their memory of fear conditioning.

Neurologist Michelle Monje studies the close relationship between cancer and the nervous system, particularly in an aggressive brain cancer that often strikes in childhood. Her research shows that the cancer cells are electrically integrated into the brain itself and these connections actually help the cancer to grow. Monje and collaborators have now developed an immunotherapy that has shown great promise in mice and early human trials. One patient had a “complete response” and is cancer-free four years after treatment, Monje tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Michelle MonjeConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest Michelle Monje, a professor of pediatric neurology at Stanford University.(00:03:39) Focus on Cancer ResearchMonje's clinical observations led to exploring cancer-neuron interactions.(00:05:28) Neurons and Glial CellsThe role of neurons and glial cells in brain function and disease.(00:08:32) Gliomas in ChildrenAn overview of gliomas and their origins in glial precursor cells.(00:10:12) Rethinking Brain Cancer BehaviorHow gliomas don't just grow—they integrate with brain circuits.(00:14:49) Mechanisms of Tumor GrowthTwo primary mechanisms by which cancer exploits the nervous system.(00:16:32) Synaptic Integration of Cancer CellsThe discovery that glioma cells form synapses with neurons.(00:20:06) CAR T-Cell TherapyAdapting CAR T-cell immunotherapy to target brain tumors.(00:22:52) Targeting GD2 AntigenIdentification of a surface marker enables precision CAR T-cell therapy.(00:24:35) Immune Access to the BrainThe ability of CAR T-cells to reach the brain, despite prior understanding.(00:26:16) First Clinical Trial ResultsThe significant tumor reduction and response from CAR T-cell therapy.(00:28:21) Combined TherapiesPairing immune therapy with neural signaling blockers for better outcomes.(00:30:35) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

En este episodio nos adentramos en una dimensión tan esencial como olvidada de la recuperación neurológica: la sensibilidad. Exploramos con profundidad la neurofisiología de los sistemas sensoriales, los tipos de sensibilidad, las vías implicadas y los déficits somatosensoriales que pueden aparecer tras un ictus. Hablamos de evaluación clínica y neurofisiológica, de escalas, de estereognosia, de patrones exploratorios, y de la implicación cortical tras una lesión. Abordamos también las principales intervenciones terapéuticas, desde la estimulación eléctrica sensitiva (SAES) hasta el entrenamiento activo sensitivo, repasando la evidencia más actual y las claves para una rehabilitación sensitiva eficaz. Referencias del episodio: 1. Bastos, V. S., Faria, C. D. C. M., Faria-Fortini, I., & Scianni, A. A. (2025). Prevalence of sensory impairments and its contribution to functional disability in individuals with acute stroke: A cross-sectional study. Revue neurologique, 181(3), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2024.12.001 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39765442/). 2. Boccuni, L., Meyer, S., Kessner, S. S., De Bruyn, N., Essers, B., Cheng, B., Thomalla, G., Peeters, A., Sunaert, S., Duprez, T., Marinelli, L., Trompetto, C., Thijs, V., & Verheyden, G. (2018). Is There Full or Proportional Somatosensory Recovery in the Upper Limb After Stroke? Investigating Behavioral Outcome and Neural Correlates. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 32(8), 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968318787060 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29991331/). 3. Carey, L. M., Matyas, T. A., & Oke, L. E. (1993). Sensory loss in stroke patients: effective training of tactile and proprioceptive discrimination. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 74(6), 602–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9993(93)90158-7 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8503750/). 4. Carey, L. M., Oke, L. E., & Matyas, T. A. (1996). Impaired limb position sense after stroke: a quantitative test for clinical use. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 77(12), 1271–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90192-6 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8976311/). 5. Carey, L. M., & Matyas, T. A. (2005). Training of somatosensory discrimination after stroke: facilitation of stimulus generalization. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 84(6), 428–442. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.phm.0000159971.12096.7f (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15905657/). 6. Carey, L., Macdonell, R., & Matyas, T. A. (2011). SENSe: Study of the Effectiveness of Neurorehabilitation on Sensation: a randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 25(4), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968310397705 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21350049/). 7. Carey, L. M., Abbott, D. F., Lamp, G., Puce, A., Seitz, R. J., & Donnan, G. A. (2016). Same Intervention-Different Reorganization: The Impact of Lesion Location on Training-Facilitated Somatosensory Recovery After Stroke. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 30(10), 988–1000. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968316653836 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27325624/). 8. Carey, L. M., Matyas, T. A., & Baum, C. (2018). Effects of Somatosensory Impairment on Participation After Stroke. The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 72(3), 7203205100p1–7203205100p10. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2018.025114 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29689179/). 9. Chilvers, M., Low, T., Rajashekar, D., & Dukelow, S. (2024). White matter disconnection impacts proprioception post-stroke. PloS one, 19(9), e0310312. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310312 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39264972/). 10. Conforto, A. B., Dos Anjos, S. M., Bernardo, W. M., Silva, A. A. D., Conti, J., Machado, A. G., & Cohen, L. G. (2018). Repetitive Peripheral Sensory Stimulation and Upper Limb Performance in Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 32(10), 863–871. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968318798943 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6404964/#SM1). 11. Cuesta, C. (2016). El procesamiento de la información somatosensorial y la funcionalidad de la mano en pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido (https://burjcdigital.urjc.es/items/609ccf16-4688-0c23-e053-6f19a8c0ba23). 12. De Bruyn, N., Meyer, S., Kessner, S. S., Essers, B., Cheng, B., Thomalla, G., Peeters, A., Sunaert, S., Duprez, T., Thijs, V., Feys, H., Alaerts, K., & Verheyden, G. (2018). Functional network connectivity is altered in patients with upper limb somatosensory impairments in the acute phase post stroke: A cross-sectional study. PloS one, 13(10), e0205693. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205693 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30312350/). 13. De Bruyn, N., Saenen, L., Thijs, L., Van Gils, A., Ceulemans, E., Essers, B., Alaerts, K., & Verheyden, G. (2021). Brain connectivity alterations after additional sensorimotor or motor therapy for the upper limb in the early-phase post stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Brain communications, 3(2), fcab074. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab074 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33937771/). 14. Grant, V. M., Gibson, A., & Shields, N. (2018). Somatosensory stimulation to improve hand and upper limb function after stroke-a systematic review with meta-analyses. Topics in stroke rehabilitation, 25(2), 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2017.1389054 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050540/). 15. Kessner, S. S., Schlemm, E., Cheng, B., Bingel, U., Fiehler, J., Gerloff, C., & Thomalla, G. (2019). Somatosensory Deficits After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke, 50(5), 1116–1123. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023750 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30943883/). 16. Ladera V, Perea MV. Agnosias auditivas, somáticas y táctiles. Rev Neuropsicol y Neurociencias. 2015;15(1):87–108 (http://revistaneurociencias.com/index.php/RNNN/article/view/82). 17. Laufer, Y., & Elboim-Gabyzon, M. (2011). Does sensory transcutaneous electrical stimulation enhance motor recovery following a stroke? A systematic review. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 25(9), 799–809. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968310397205 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21746874/). 18. Lederman, S. J., & Klatzky, R. L. (1987). Hand movements: a window into haptic object recognition. Cognitive psychology, 19(3), 342–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(87)90008-9 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3608405/). 19. Meyer, S., De Bruyn, N., Lafosse, C., Van Dijk, M., Michielsen, M., Thijs, L., Truyens, V., Oostra, K., Krumlinde-Sundholm, L., Peeters, A., Thijs, V., Feys, H., & Verheyden, G. (2016). Somatosensory Impairments in the Upper Limb Poststroke: Distribution and Association With Motor Function and Visuospatial Neglect. Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 30(8), 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968315624779 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26719352/). 20. Miguel-Quesada, C., Zaforas, M., Herrera-Pérez, S., Lines, J., Fernández-López, E., Alonso-Calviño, E., Ardaya, M., Soria, F. N., Araque, A., Aguilar, J., & Rosa, J. M. (2023). Astrocytes adjust the dynamic range of cortical network activity to control modality-specific sensory information processing. Cell reports, 42(8), 112950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112950 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37543946/). 21. Moore, R. T., Piitz, M. A., Singh, N., Dukelow, S. P., & Cluff, T. (2024). The independence of impairments in proprioception and visuomotor adaptation after stroke. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 21(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-024-01360-7 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38762552/). 22. Opsommer, E., Zwissig, C., Korogod, N., & Weiss, T. (2016). Effectiveness of temporary deafferentation of the arm on somatosensory and motor functions following stroke: a systematic review. JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports, 14(12), 226–257. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003231 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28009677/). 23. Sharififar, S., Shuster, J. J., & Bishop, M. D. (2018). Adding electrical stimulation during standard rehabilitation after stroke to improve motor function. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 61(5), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2018.06.005 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29958963/). 24. Stolk-Hornsveld, F., Crow, J. L., Hendriks, E. P., van der Baan, R., & Harmeling-van der Wel, B. C. (2006). The Erasmus MC modifications to the (revised) Nottingham Sensory Assessment: a reliable somatosensory assessment measure for patients with intracranial disorders. Clinical rehabilitation, 20(2), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215506cr932oa (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16541937/). 25. Turville, M., Carey, L. M., Matyas, T. A., & Blennerhassett, J. (2017). Change in Functional Arm Use Is Associated With Somatosensory Skills After Sensory Retraining Poststroke. The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 71(3), 7103190070p1–7103190070p9. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.024950 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28422633/). 26. Turville, M. L., Cahill, L. S., Matyas, T. A., Blennerhassett, J. M., & Carey, L. M. (2019). The effectiveness of somatosensory retraining for improving sensory function in the arm following stroke: a systematic review. Clinical rehabilitation, 33(5), 834–846. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215519829795 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30798643/). 27. Villar Ortega, E., Buetler, K. A., Aksöz, E. A., & Marchal-Crespo, L. (2024). Enhancing touch sensibility with sensory electrical stimulation and sensory retraining. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 21(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-024-01371-4 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38750521/). 28. Yilmazer, C., Boccuni, L., Thijs, L., & Verheyden, G. (2019). Effectiveness of somatosensory interventions on somatosensory, motor and functional outcomes in the upper limb post-stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. NeuroRehabilitation, 44(4), 459–477. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-192687 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31256086/). 29. Zamarro-Rodríguez, B. D., Gómez-Martínez, M., & Cuesta-García, C. (2021). Validation of Spanish Erasmus-Modified Nottingham Sensory Assessment Stereognosis Scale in Acquired Brain Damage. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(23), 12564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312564 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34886287/).

Astrocytes serve as crucial mediators of neuromodulatory processes previously attributed to direct communication between neurons, four new studies show.

In this episode of Research Renaissance, host Deborah Westphal sits down with Dr. Alberto Serrano-Pozo, Assistant Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, staff neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, and a 2022 Toffler Scholar. Together, they explore Dr. Serrano-Pozo's pioneering research into the role of glial cells—specifically astrocytes—and the APOE gene in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease.Dr. Serrano-Pozo discusses how astrocytes, long overlooked in favor of neurons, are now recognized as key players in maintaining brain health—and how their dysfunction may contribute to Alzheimer's pathology. The conversation also covers the complexities of the APOE gene variants, how recent discoveries are reshaping our understanding of Alzheimer's across different populations, and promising advances in gene-editing research.Dr. Serrano-Pozo also reflects on the dual role he plays as both a researcher and a clinician, how patient interactions inspire his lab work, and why cautious optimism is warranted as new therapies and technologies emerge.What You'll Learn:Why astrocytes are crucial to brain function—and how they change in Alzheimer'sThe evolving understanding of the APOE gene's role in Alzheimer's riskHow glial cells interact with amyloid plaques and tau tanglesWhy certain APOE variants affect populations differentlyAdvances in gene-editing that may offer future protection against Alzheimer'sThe real-world challenges and rewards of balancing clinical practice with researchA hopeful look at the accelerating pace of Alzheimer's research and innovationKey Quotes: 

This year's AD/PD Conference was held in Vienna, Austria from the 1st to 5th April. In this first of a two-part special we bring you highlights from the first three days of the conference. The AD/PD Conference focuses on basic science and translational and clinical research bringing New insights on disease mechanisms and etiologies, the latest findings from clinical trials, innovative outlooks on therapy and prevention and advances in diagnostic markers. In this special on-location recording our guest host Dr Amanda Heslegrave, Principle Investigator and Co-Lead of fluid biomarker laboratory from the UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London talks with: Dr Loukia Katsouri, Senior Research Fellow at the UCL Gatsby Foundation. Loukia studies the molecular mechanisms of tau propagation in Alzheimer's disease. She aims to understand how the presence of tau is affecting the spread and the severity of the disease. Dr Anna Mallach, Research Fellow in the UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London. Anna's work focusses on understanding the role of cellular interactions in contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Dr Imogen Swift, Research Scientist at Vesper Bio. Imogen is a neuroscience specialist focusing on biomarker and preclinical development in neurodegenerative therapeutics spanning frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's Disease. Here are just a few highlights from the discussion:

Tom Jenson, a postdoc researcher at UCL Institute of Neurology, chats about his research on astrocytes and their role in neuronal communication. He explains the differences between astrocytes and neurons, the challenges of using human brain tissue for research, and shares preliminary results from his studies on calcium signaling in astrocytes! The conversation also touches on the creative aspects of scientific research and the beauty of visualising brain cells through microscopy. ------------------------------------------

In this episode, I discuss how different forms of exercise impact brain health and performance in both the short and long term. I explain how many of the positive effects of exercise on brain function occur through the action of specific neurochemicals that increase alertness. I also cover how to best time exercise and which specific types of exercise to include in your weekly routine to maximize benefits for your brain. Additionally, I explain how certain types of exercise trigger the release of a hormone from your bones called osteocalcin, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Together, these substances increase neuroplasticity and enhance learning. The positive effects of exercise on brain oxygenation, blood supply, and fuel utilization are also discussed. Listeners will learn how to design a weekly exercise program that optimizes physical fitness, brain health, longevity, and performance, along with the mechanistic logic behind those recommendations. Find show notes with articles, resources and more at hubermanlab.com. Pre-order Andrew's upcoming book, Protocols: https://go.hubermanlab.com/protocols Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinui.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Exercise, Brain Health & Performance; Protocols Book 00:04:03 Sponsors: BetterHelp & Helix Sleep 00:06:55 Brain Health, Cardiovascular & Resistance Training 00:11:51 Exercise & Positive Impact on Brain Performance; Arousal 00:18:20 Learning & Arousal 00:23:18 Sponsors: AG1 & David 00:26:01 Exercise & Acute Learning 00:29:16 Tool: High-Intensity Training & Cognitive Flexibility; Over-Training 00:33:32 Long-Term Brain Health; Tool: Exercise “Snacks”, Cognitive Performance 00:36:57 Exercise, Brain & Body Energy, Adrenaline, Norepinephrine 00:44:08 Adrenal “Burnout”?; Exercise to Increase Energy, Adrenaline 00:48:20 Tool: Core, Compound Movements; Mind-Body Connection 00:53:58 Sponsor: Function 00:55:45 Bones, Osteocalcin, BDNF & Hippocampus; Tool: Jump Training 01:01:30 Exercise, Fuel, Multifactorial Pathways; BDNF & Activity 01:05:06 Lactate, Astrocytes & Brain Function; VEGF & Brain Health 01:11:17 Tools: Zone 2, High-Intensity Training, Time Under Tension Training 01:19:54 Sponsor: Maui Nui 01:21:37 Tools: Time Under Tension; Explosive Jumping, Eccentric Control Training 01:25:30 Injury & Exercise, Illness 01:28:09 Sleep; Injury, Sleep-Deprivation & Exercise 01:33:51 SuperAgers, Anterior Mid-Cingulate Cortex, Grit & Persistence 01:42:04 Tool: Embrace Challenges; Deliberate Cold Exposure, Rope Flow 01:47:39 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

TWiN explains a study showing that while groups of neurons, form the basis for memory, astrocytes are key components of the adaptive reponse to learning experiences, and regulate the flow of information during circuit plasticity and memory recall. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Tim Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Write your Senator, oppose RFK Jr nomination Astrocytes and memory (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

Is unlocking the full potential of your brain even possible, or just a myth from the movie Limitless? In this eye-opening episode, neuroscientist and author Dr. Mithu Storoni joins Dave to dive deep into the science of brain optimization for hyper-efficient work performance. Together, they break down the surprising roles of astrocytes in supporting neurons, the influence of the brain's “blue dot” region (the locus coeruleus) on focus and mental clarity, and how harnessing neuroplasticity can lead to improved cognitive efficiency and resilience in high-stress environments. Get ready to discover actionable science-backed hacks for enhancing work productivity and maintaining focus—even in the face of constant distractions. Dr. Storoni also explains how optimizing your breathing rhythm, managing your brain's arousal state, and tapping into the natural flow of ultradian rhythms can dramatically improve your mental output. Whether you're looking to elevate your workflow, supercharge your mental performance, or unlock the science of hyper-efficiency, this episode delivers essential strategies to cultivate a high-performing mind for work and beyond. Tune in to understand how the latest neuroscience can transform how you think, focus, and excel every day. Sponsors -Quantum Upgrade | Go to Quantum Upgrade | Go to https://quantumupgrade.io/Dave for a free trial. -Our Place | Head to https://fromourplace.com/ and use the code DAVE for 10% off your order. Resources: • Dr. Mithu Storoni's Website – https://www.mithustoroni.com • Hyper Efficient: Optimize Your Brain to Transform the Way You Work by Dr. Mithu Storoni – https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/mithu-storoni/hyperefficient/9780316566933/ • Dr. Mithu Storoni on Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/drmithustoroni/ • Dr. Mithu Storoni's LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/in/mithu-storoni-0488872a/ • Dave Asprey's Website – https://daveasprey.com • Dave Asprey's Book: Smarter Not Harder – https://daveasprey.com/books • Danger Coffee – https://dangercoffee.com • Danger Coffee Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/dangercoffeeofficial/ • Dave Asprey's Linktree – https://linktr.ee/daveasprey • Upgrade Collective: Join The Human Upgrade Podcast Live – https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Own an Upgrade Labs – https://ownanupgradelabs.com • Upgrade Labs – https://upgradelabs.com • 40 Years of Zen – Neurofeedback training for advanced cognitive enhancement – https://40yearsofzen.com Timestamps • 00:00 – Introduction to Brain Complexity • 00:29 – The Human Upgrade with Dave Asprey • 01:42 – Meet Dr. Mijtu Storoni • 02:16 – Understanding Brain Efficiency • 02:57 – The Role of Astrocytes • 04:37 – Brain Adaptability and Environment • 06:55 – Biohacking and Environmental Signals • 08:34 – Power vs. Efficiency Debate • 11:26 – The Importance of Glial Cells • 18:10 – The Brain as a Predictive Machine • 23:14 – Nutrition and Brain Health • 32:33 – The Gut-Brain Connection • 36:36 – Eye Health as a Proxy for Brain Health • 40:47 – Aligning the Brain: The Blue Dot Network • 41:54 – Understanding Brain Gears and Stress Management • 42:27 – Maintaining the Goldilocks Zone for Optimal Brain Function • 43:09 – The Role of Creativity and Daydreaming • 44:28 – Strategies to Stay in Optimal Mental States • 47:44 – Biohacking for Enhanced Efficiency • 51:00 – The Science Behind Flow States • 57:09 – Harnessing Innate Curiosity for Mental Efficiency • 01:03:46 – Breathing Techniques for Mental Regulation • 01:13:32 – The Importance of Ultradian Rhythms • 01:17:40 – Practical Tips for Efficient Breaks • 01:21:20 – Conclusion: Embracing Hyper Efficiency See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In today's episode, we dive into the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, with a particular focus on how gut-derived endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), perturb the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and propagate neuroinflammatory cascades. In more detail, we'll discuss how intestinal dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability can allow endotoxins such as LPS to enter systemic circulation and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where they activate microglia via the TLR4 signaling pathway. We will explore symptoms including brain fog, memory impairment, mood disturbances, decreased concentration, and cognitive fatigue; as well as tools to support the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Topics: 1. Introduction to Neuroinflammation - Definition and general overview - Key brain cells: neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells - Chronic neuroinflammation and microglial cells 2. Cellular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation - Role of microglia in detecting damage or infection - Microglial activation through PRRs/TLRs - Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) - Impact on neurons and synaptic plasticity: memory and learning 3. Astrocytes in Neuroinflammation - Astrocytes' contribution to the inflammatory response 4. Chronic Neuroinflammation and Brain Health - Prolonged activation: oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic function - Impairment of synaptic plasticity and cognitive decline - Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death cascades - Compromised blood-brain barrier integrity 5. Contributing Factors to Neuroinflammation - Environmental toxins and pollutants, viral or bacterial infections, chronic sleep deprivation, and more 6. Intestinal Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation - Role of Gram-negative bacteria and LPS (lipopolysaccharides) - Increased intestinal permeability and passage of LPS - LPS transport: transcellular and paracellular pathways - Impact on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) 7. LPS Activation of Microglia - LPS binding to TLR4 on immune cells - Microglial activation and cytokine release - Cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative processes 8. Intestinal Hyperpermeability - Bioindividual approaches: prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, bacteriophages - Support for intestinal mucus secretions and sources of mucilage - Butyrate - Glutamine 9. Beneficial Gut Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Brain Health - Types of metabolites: SCFAs, tryptophan metabolites, polyphenol metabolites - Role of butyrate in crossing the BBB and modulating brain function - Influence on gene expression and synaptic plasticity - Contribution to gut barrier integrity and protection against endotoxins 10. Conclusion - Recap of neuroinflammation's impact on cognitive function + symptoms Thank you to our episode sponsor: 1. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daily Nouri⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for 20% off your order. Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

In today's episode, we dive into the crucial roles that gut-derived microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, play in supporting the health of neurons and glial cells, ultimately promoting cognitive function. We explore how enhancing the body's natural production of these metabolites through a healthy gut microbiome and how strategic supplementation can both benefit brain health. The discussion includes detailed insights into the cellular mechanisms in the brain and practical strategies for fostering a healthy gut microbiome capable of producing high quantities of these beneficial compounds. Topics: 1. Introduction to Brain Cellular Makeup - Overview of Neurons and Glial Cells - Neurons: Structure and Function - Glial Cells: Types and Roles 2. Neuronal Communication and Synaptic Function - Neuronal Structure: Soma, Dendrites, Axon - Synaptic Communication: Presynaptic Terminal, Synaptic Cleft, Postsynaptic Membrane 3. Energy Demands - ATP Utilization and Energy Demands - Mitochondrial Function and Neuronal Vulnerability 4. Astrocytes and Microglial Cells - Astrocytes: Functions and Role in CNS Homeostasis - Microglial Cells: Immune Functions and Role in Neuroinflammation 5. Roles of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Supporting Brain Health - Overview of Gut-Derived Metabolites - Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate - Tryptophan Metabolites: Indole, Indole-3-Propionate (IPA) 6. Impact of Gut-Derived Metabolites on Neurons - Promotion of Neurogenesis by SCFAs - Neuroprotective Effects of Tryptophan Metabolites 7. Impact of Gut-Derived Metabolites on Glial Cells - Impact on Astrocytes - Impact on Microglial Cells 8. Strategies to Enhance Metabolite Production - Diversity - Probiotic Supplementation - Fiber - Amino Acids 9. Direct Supplementation Options - Sodium Butyrate: Role in Neuroprotection and Cognitive Function Thank you to our episode sponsors: 1. Check out ⁠Daily Nouri⁠ and use code ⁠CHLOE20⁠ for 20% off your order. 2. Check out ⁠⁠AX3 Astaxanthin⁠⁠ and use discount code ⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠ for 20% off your first order. 3. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Liver Medic and use code Chloe20 to save 20% on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠"Leaky Gut Repair"⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Brendan's YouTube Channel⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/livermedic⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

Previously thought to be mere connective tissue and support for neurons, astrocytes are now understood to have many functions in the nervous system that are linked with seizures and epilepsy. Dr. Cecilie Nome spoke with Dr. Peter Bedner about astrocytes' involvement in epilepsy and how identifying and resolving astrocyte dysfunction is a new frontier in drug development.Relevant articles:de Ceglia R., et al. 2023. Specialized astrocytes mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the CNS. Nature 622, 120–129.Grote A., et al. 2023. ‘Hippocampal innate inflammatory gliosis only' in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 146(2), 549-560.Ravi V.M., et al. 2015. Astrocyte uncoupling as a cause of human temporal lobe epilepsy. 2015. Brain 138(5), 1208-1222. Support the Show.Sharp Waves episodes are meant for informational purposes only, and not as clinical or medical advice.Let us know how we're doing: podcast@ilae.org.The International League Against Epilepsy is the world's preeminent association of health professionals and scientists, working toward a world where no person's life is limited by epilepsy. Visit us on Facebook, X (Twitter), Instagram, and LinkedIn.

Astrocytes are cells in the central nervous system crucial for supporting neurones and their function. A glioblastoma is a dangerous, rapidly growing type of brain tumour. Guess how they are linked.  

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

What aspects of the brain differ between autistic people and non-autistic people? Do these brain differences lead to things like synesthesia in autistic people? Synesthesia is when your senses or perceptions overlap, like when you think of a number and see waves of red or some other colour. Or when you can feel in your own body the sensations and physical pain of another, just by looking at them!In this episode, I also talk about ableist perspectives in autism research, secondary autism, neurons, glial cells, early brain development, mirror-touch synesthesia as the basis of deep empathy, and much more!Watch this episode on YouTube.If you'd like to know more about topics discussed in this episode, check out:"What Is Synaptic Pruning?" By Jacquelyn Cafasso"Astroglia in Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Kinga Gzielo and Agnieszka Nikiforuk"Regional Differences in Synaptogenesis in Human Cerebral Cortex" by Peter Huttenlocher and Arun Dabholkar"Microglia in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorders" by Ryuta Koyama and Yuji Ikegaya"Astrocytes and Microglia and Their Potential Link With Autism Spectrum Disorders" by Francesco Petrelli et al."Balancing Excitation and Inhibition in the Autistic Brain" by Charlotte Pretzsch and Dorothea Floris"Synaptic Growth, Synesthesia and Savant Abilities" by Martin Silvertant"Neuroinflammation, Mast Cells, and Glia: Dangerous Liaisons" by Stephen D. Skaper et al."Lack of Neuron 'Pruning' May Be Behind Many Brain-Related Conditions" by Clare Wilson"Microglia and Astrocytes Underlie Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Susceptibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Yue Xiong et al.Episode outro music: "It's Too Much" by Kristen Hovet  Theme music: "Everything Feels New" by Evgeny Bardyuzha. All episodes written and produced by Kristen Hovet.To submit a question to possibly be answered in a future episode, please email kristen.hovet@gmail.comBecome a patron on Patreon!Buy me a coffee!

In this episode, hosts Joe and Lesley chat with Dr. Debosmita Sardar about her research into the roles of astrocytes, epigenetics, and serotonylation during odor processing. Dr. Sardar is a K99 Postdoctoral Fellow at Baylor College of Medicine and a selected MPFI NeuroMEETS speaker. Episode Notes: Max Planck NeuroMEETS: https://www.mpfi.org/science/max-planck-neuromeets Episode Guest: Debosmita Sardar @debo_Astrocyte Episode Hosts: Lesley Colgan - @Lesley Colgan Joe Schumacher - @JWscience Do you enjoy the podcast? Feel free to like this episode and follow us to hear more episodes! Max Planck Florida's Neurotransmissions Podcast Website: https://www.mpfi.org/news-media/podcast Social Media: @MPFneuro Twitter: https://twitter.com/MPFNeuro Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mpfneuro Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MPFNeuro

BUFFALO, NY- October 24, 2023 – A new research paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 15, Issue 19, entitled, “Metabolic switch in the aging astrocyte supported via integrative approach comprising network and transcriptome analyses.” Dysregulated central-energy metabolism is a hallmark of brain aging. Supplying enough energy for neurotransmission relies on the neuron-astrocyte metabolic network. In their new study, researchers Alejandro Acevedo, Felipe Torres, Miguel Kiwi, Felipe Baeza-Lehnert, L. Felipe Barros, Dasfne Lee-Liu, and Christian González-Billault from Universidad de Chile, Cedenna, University of California, San Diego, Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Universidad San Sebastián, and the Buck Institute for Research on Aging aimed to identify genes contributing to age-associated brain functional decline. “[...] we formulated an approach to analyze the metabolic network by integrating flux, network structure and transcriptomic databases of neurotransmission and aging.” Their findings support that during brain aging: (1) The astrocyte undergoes a metabolic switch from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, decreasing lactate supply to the neuron, while the neuron suffers intrinsic energetic deficit by downregulation of Krebs cycle genes, including mdh1 and mdh2 (Malate-Aspartate Shuttle); (2) Branched-chain amino acid degradation genes were downregulated, identifying dld as a central regulator; (3) Ketone body synthesis increases in the neuron, while the astrocyte increases their utilization, in line with neuronal energy deficit in favor of astrocytes. “The genes identified here are valuable candidates for future studies to understand the molecular mechanisms of healthy brain aging and prevent brain age-associated failure using energy metabolism as a target.” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204663 Corresponding authors - Christian González-Billault - chrgonza@uchile.cl, and Dasfne Lee-Liu - dasfne.lee@uss.cl Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.204663 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, astrocyte, neuron, brain aging, flux balance analysis, network centrality About Aging-US Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways. Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us: SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/Aging-Us Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Media Contact 18009220957 MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/CxLwrZDxJXL/ A new study from Harvard's Mass General Hospital suggests how the exercise-induced hormone irisin is able to reduce brain levels of the amyloid deposits that are the hallmark of Alzheimer's dementia.  Investigators at the hospital's Genetics and Aging Unit studied the process in their own ground-breaking Alzheimer's Disease model using a 3D cell human brain cell culture. They discovered that the addition to the brain cells of the hormone irisin, normally produced in active muscles, boosts the astrocyte production of the enzyme neprilysin which, in turn, dissolves the chemical hallmark of Alzheimer's, amyloid.  Astrocytes are star-shaped cells with many functions including control of the blood-brain barrier and helping to repair the brain and spinal cord after trauma. If these findings are confirmed in clinical settings, they could serve the basis for more effective Alzheimer's Disease therapy.  Meanwhile, it's another reason to keep your body super-active at any stage of life. https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(23)00623-2?_returnURL=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0896627323006232?showall=true #alzheimers #exercise #irisin #astrocytes #neprilysin #amyloid #massgeneral #harvard

But multiple independent researchers say they are not convinced by its results, which fail to confirm high-profile findings from 2017.

But multiple independent researchers say they are not convinced by its results, which fail to confirm high-profile findings from 2017.

Vidcast:  https://www.instagram.com/p/Crun3B6vKnm/ Eating those fries and donuts modifies your brain cells and they begin to whisper, “eat more and more.”  Penn State neuroscience and behavioral scientists now report their mouse model studies demonstrating that a high-fat diet continuing even 3 to 5 days desensitizes the brain astrocytes.   Astrocytes normally react to circulating fat and trigger appetite suppression by slowing stomach emptying and prolonging a feeling of being full.  With astrocytes bombarded and eating suppression reduced, you eat more and more further depressing your astrocytes and completing a vicious circle leading to weight gain and obesity. https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/JP283566 #fat #astrocytes #appetite #obesity

Vidcast: https://youtu.be/s7V2tMk8Org Eating those fries and donuts modifies your brain cells and they begin to whisper, “eat more and more.” Penn State neuroscience and behavioral scientists now report their mouse model studies demonstrating that a high-fat diet continuing even 3 to 5 days desensitizes the brain astrocytes. Astrocytes normally react to circulating fat and trigger appetite suppression by slowing stomach emptying and prolonging a feeling of being full. With astrocytes bombarded and eating suppression reduced, you eat more and more further depressing your astrocytes and completing a vicious circle leading to weight gain and obesity. https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1113/JP283566 #fat #astrocytes #appetite #obesity

PODCAST SHOWNOTES FOR JULY, 2022: CELEBRATING EXCELLENCE IN AUTISM – GREG CONNORS AND ADAM JONES – SPECIAL GUESTS!   Support the Els for Autism FORE! Autism Podcast! http://weblink.donorperfect.com/FOREAutismPodcast NEWS AND UPDATES Listen to us through these resources!   Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/fore-autism/id1518739492   Podbean: https://elsforautism.podbean.com/   Els for Autism Web Site: https://www.elsforautism.org/fore-autism-podcast/   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3gZALxJDPJbP8sVEwcuiMa   Read each blog article as it is published! https://www.elsforautism.org/category/blog/   Nominate someone you know for the Autism Spectrum Award 2022! https://www.elsforautism.org/autism-spectrum-award/   NATE'S STORIES   NATE'S STORY 1: Astrocytes and Autism: Not a Science Fiction Article   Source:  https://news.weill.cornell.edu/news/2022/04/some-autism-spectrum-disorder-symptoms-linked-to-astrocytes An article on Nutritional Resources for individuals with autism https://thespectrum.org.au/autism-support-services/professionals/dietitians/   NATE'S STORY 2: Social Media Use and Autism   Great related article: https://www.autismspeaks.org/science-news/social-media-offers-benefits-autistic-community   MERRICK'S STORIES   MERRICK'S STORY 1: John O'Kane – Living life with autism and football   Great related article: https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12422732/john-okane-exclusive-interview-from-manchester-uniteds-class-of-92-to-becoming-a-care-worker-and-loving-it   MERRICK'S STORY 2: It is Still Summertime  Source: https://www.marcus.org/autism-resources/autism-tips-and-resources/maintaining-skills-over-the-summer The overnight Summer Camp I was referring to: https://www.campballibay.com/ (Important because I got my first sweet taste of Radio from my second year there)    

Cool Facts are quick hits of new human and world science curated into short bursts of information just for you. This fun compilation publishes one Friday a month.Drugs that cut down cancer risk by 61% aren't really drugs.Take the right type of Vitamin D for the most benefit.Stressing cells in the sauna could help reverse neurological disease.A new discovery in brain communication and function.Making stem cells younger in less time.Active brown fat could be a marker for pre-diabetes.EPISODE SPONSOR: Infrared Sauna Benefits with Sunlighten. https://www.sunlighten.com/DAVE. Save up to $600 on your sauna purchase! Mention code "DaveAsprey" for discount.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Support the show to get full episodes and join the Discord community. Brains are often conceived as consisting of neurons and "everything else." As Elena discusses, the "everything else," including glial cells and in particular astrocytes, have largely been ignored in neuroscience. That's partly because the fast action potentials of neurons have been assumed to underlie computations in the brain, and because technology only recently afforded closer scrutiny of astrocyte activity. Now that we can record calcium signaling in astrocytes, it's possible to relate how astrocyte signaling with each other and with neurons may complement the cognitive roles once thought the sole domain of neurons. Although the computational role of astrocytes remains unclear, it is clear that astrocytes interact with neurons and neural circuits in dynamic and interesting ways. We talk about the historical story of astrocytes, the emerging modern story, and Elena shares her views on the path forward to understand astrocyte function in cognition, disease, homeostasis, and - Elena's favorite current hypothesis - their integrative role in negative feedback control. Elena's website.Twitter: @elenagalea1Related papersA roadmap to integrate astrocytes into Systems Neuroscience.Elena recommended this paper: Biological feedback control—Respect the loops. 0:00 - Intro 5:23 - The changing story of astrocytes 14:58 - Astrocyte research lags neuroscience 19:45 - Types of astrocytes 23:06 - Astrocytes vs neurons 26:08 - Computational roles of astrocytes 35:45 - Feedback control 43:37 - Energy efficiency 46:25 - Current technology 52:58 - Computational astroscience 1:10:57 - Do names for things matter

TWiN explains the finding that in the mouse visual cortex, astrocytes are key elements in the experience-dependent wiring of brain circuits. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiN! Links for this episode Astrocytes close the critical period (Science) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

Anxiety was escalating at a rapid rate before 2020, and now it's just crazy. Long-haulers, mandates, lockdowns, wars, masks, headlines, our kids.....let's just say it isn't expected to  get any better anytime soon, hence counseling services are increasing, doctors visits and prescriptions are increasing, but so are people searching for information and trying to solve their anxiety puzzle without medications, on their own. There are tons of options for medications, supplements, and general advice out there - where do you turn and what do you do?? Understand the mechanisms of anxiety, neuroinflammation, and autoimmunity. UNDERSTANDING MECHANISMS PROVIDE SOLUTIONS!I have at least 20 things in my Vitamin Store that I have used in my clinic that have helped people tremendously with anxiety, including magnesium, CBD, L-theanine, B6 and other B vitamins, keto diet, avoiding gluten or dairy, binders, methyl donors, sauna,  herbs for pathogens, probiotics, adaptogens, vagus nerve stimulation. Some of these people were mold, Lyme, EBV, IBS, or autoimmune disease patients with a list of 10+ other symptoms, but some were kids, moms, dads, people who just dealt with a lot of anxiety but otherwise had few complaints. It can happen to anybody. What are the mechanisms for YOU?? Here is a list of 10 things you need to know about when searching for the next clue to solve your health puzzle:1. Mitochondria - the batteries behind it all!! Also the cause behind it all.....listen to episodes 30, 31, 32 for more info on mitochondria but you have a QUADRILLION of them in your brain, so they are kinda important.....2. Brain Cells - Neurons vs. Microglia vs. Mast Cells vs. Astrocytes.....you don't need to know everything, but a little bit about each one can help!3. Brain Regions - limbic regions - amygdala, insula, hippocampus, hypothalamus; cerebellar-vestibular regions4. Neurotransmitters - GABA/Glutamate, Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetycholine, Epinephrine, Norepipheprine5. Hormones - HPA Axis (adrenals), Thyroid, Androgens, Estrogens, and most importantly Cortisol 6. Blood-Brain-Barrier - protector of the brain - damaged by head traumas, glutathione depletion, histamine, gut inflammation and permeability (leaky gut)7. Dysfunctional Pathways - Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS), LPS, Mast Cell Activation, Kynurenine Pathway, Methylation, NO/ONOO, iNOS, excitotoxins (MSG, red 40), EMF radiation8. Nervous System Balance - Sympathetic/Parasympathetic balance - "fight or flight" vs. "rest and digest"9. Mitophagy/Autophagy - the clearing of "junk" from the brain10. Autoimmunity! - Self-tissue antibodies against things like GAD-65, cerebellum, thyroid, Myelin Basic Protein, Synapsin, Asiologanglioside, etcThese are 10 heavy topics!! But they are all important. You don't need to know everything about them, but knowing a little bit about each topic can help you figure out a bit more what's going on in your brain!