Podcasts about astrocytes

This year's AD/PD Conference was held in Vienna, Austria from the 1st to 5th April. In this first of a two-part special we bring you highlights from the first three days of the conference. The AD/PD Conference focuses on basic science and translational and clinical research bringing New insights on disease mechanisms and etiologies, the latest findings from clinical trials, innovative outlooks on therapy and prevention and advances in diagnostic markers. In this special on-location recording our guest host Dr Amanda Heslegrave, Principle Investigator and Co-Lead of fluid biomarker laboratory from the UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London talks with: Dr Loukia Katsouri, Senior Research Fellow at the UCL Gatsby Foundation. Loukia studies the molecular mechanisms of tau propagation in Alzheimer's disease. She aims to understand how the presence of tau is affecting the spread and the severity of the disease. Dr Anna Mallach, Research Fellow in the UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London. Anna's work focusses on understanding the role of cellular interactions in contributing to neurodegenerative diseases. Dr Imogen Swift, Research Scientist at Vesper Bio. Imogen is a neuroscience specialist focusing on biomarker and preclinical development in neurodegenerative therapeutics spanning frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's Disease. Here are just a few highlights from the discussion:

Tom Jenson, a postdoc researcher at UCL Institute of Neurology, chats about his research on astrocytes and their role in neuronal communication. He explains the differences between astrocytes and neurons, the challenges of using human brain tissue for research, and shares preliminary results from his studies on calcium signaling in astrocytes! The conversation also touches on the creative aspects of scientific research and the beauty of visualising brain cells through microscopy. ------------------------------------------

In this episode, I discuss how different forms of exercise impact brain health and performance in both the short and long term. I explain how many of the positive effects of exercise on brain function occur through the action of specific neurochemicals that increase alertness. I also cover how to best time exercise and which specific types of exercise to include in your weekly routine to maximize benefits for your brain. Additionally, I explain how certain types of exercise trigger the release of a hormone from your bones called osteocalcin, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Together, these substances increase neuroplasticity and enhance learning. The positive effects of exercise on brain oxygenation, blood supply, and fuel utilization are also discussed. Listeners will learn how to design a weekly exercise program that optimizes physical fitness, brain health, longevity, and performance, along with the mechanistic logic behind those recommendations. Find show notes with articles, resources and more at hubermanlab.com. Pre-order Andrew's upcoming book, Protocols: https://go.hubermanlab.com/protocols Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman David: https://davidprotein.com/huberman Function: https://functionhealth.com/huberman Maui Nui: https://mauinui.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Exercise, Brain Health & Performance; Protocols Book 00:04:03 Sponsors: BetterHelp & Helix Sleep 00:06:55 Brain Health, Cardiovascular & Resistance Training 00:11:51 Exercise & Positive Impact on Brain Performance; Arousal 00:18:20 Learning & Arousal 00:23:18 Sponsors: AG1 & David 00:26:01 Exercise & Acute Learning 00:29:16 Tool: High-Intensity Training & Cognitive Flexibility; Over-Training 00:33:32 Long-Term Brain Health; Tool: Exercise “Snacks”, Cognitive Performance 00:36:57 Exercise, Brain & Body Energy, Adrenaline, Norepinephrine 00:44:08 Adrenal “Burnout”?; Exercise to Increase Energy, Adrenaline 00:48:20 Tool: Core, Compound Movements; Mind-Body Connection 00:53:58 Sponsor: Function 00:55:45 Bones, Osteocalcin, BDNF & Hippocampus; Tool: Jump Training 01:01:30 Exercise, Fuel, Multifactorial Pathways; BDNF & Activity 01:05:06 Lactate, Astrocytes & Brain Function; VEGF & Brain Health 01:11:17 Tools: Zone 2, High-Intensity Training, Time Under Tension Training 01:19:54 Sponsor: Maui Nui 01:21:37 Tools: Time Under Tension; Explosive Jumping, Eccentric Control Training 01:25:30 Injury & Exercise, Illness 01:28:09 Sleep; Injury, Sleep-Deprivation & Exercise 01:33:51 SuperAgers, Anterior Mid-Cingulate Cortex, Grit & Persistence 01:42:04 Tool: Embrace Challenges; Deliberate Cold Exposure, Rope Flow 01:47:39 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Protocols Book, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer & Disclosures

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

Martin Kampmann, Ph.D., explores how CRISPR screening and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can uncover new insights into neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. His lab uses CRISPR to identify genes that influence protein aggregation and cellular vulnerability, focusing on neurons, astrocytes, and microglia derived from human stem cells. Kampmann highlights the roles of mitochondria, autophagy, and other cellular pathways in disease progression, emphasizing the importance of understanding both protective and damaging processes. He also discusses the potential contributions of glial cells—especially microglia and astrocytes—to neurodegeneration, sparking ideas for therapeutic targets. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39461]

TWiN explains a study showing that while groups of neurons, form the basis for memory, astrocytes are key components of the adaptive reponse to learning experiences, and regulate the flow of information during circuit plasticity and memory recall. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, and Tim Cheung Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Write your Senator, oppose RFK Jr nomination Astrocytes and memory (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

Is unlocking the full potential of your brain even possible, or just a myth from the movie Limitless? In this eye-opening episode, neuroscientist and author Dr. Mithu Storoni joins Dave to dive deep into the science of brain optimization for hyper-efficient work performance. Together, they break down the surprising roles of astrocytes in supporting neurons, the influence of the brain's “blue dot” region (the locus coeruleus) on focus and mental clarity, and how harnessing neuroplasticity can lead to improved cognitive efficiency and resilience in high-stress environments. Get ready to discover actionable science-backed hacks for enhancing work productivity and maintaining focus—even in the face of constant distractions. Dr. Storoni also explains how optimizing your breathing rhythm, managing your brain's arousal state, and tapping into the natural flow of ultradian rhythms can dramatically improve your mental output. Whether you're looking to elevate your workflow, supercharge your mental performance, or unlock the science of hyper-efficiency, this episode delivers essential strategies to cultivate a high-performing mind for work and beyond. Tune in to understand how the latest neuroscience can transform how you think, focus, and excel every day. Sponsors -Quantum Upgrade | Go to Quantum Upgrade | Go to https://quantumupgrade.io/Dave for a free trial. -Our Place | Head to https://fromourplace.com/ and use the code DAVE for 10% off your order. Resources: • Dr. Mithu Storoni's Website – https://www.mithustoroni.com • Hyper Efficient: Optimize Your Brain to Transform the Way You Work by Dr. Mithu Storoni – https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/mithu-storoni/hyperefficient/9780316566933/ • Dr. Mithu Storoni on Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/drmithustoroni/ • Dr. Mithu Storoni's LinkedIn – https://www.linkedin.com/in/mithu-storoni-0488872a/ • Dave Asprey's Website – https://daveasprey.com • Dave Asprey's Book: Smarter Not Harder – https://daveasprey.com/books • Danger Coffee – https://dangercoffee.com • Danger Coffee Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/dangercoffeeofficial/ • Dave Asprey's Linktree – https://linktr.ee/daveasprey • Upgrade Collective: Join The Human Upgrade Podcast Live – https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Own an Upgrade Labs – https://ownanupgradelabs.com • Upgrade Labs – https://upgradelabs.com • 40 Years of Zen – Neurofeedback training for advanced cognitive enhancement – https://40yearsofzen.com Timestamps • 00:00 – Introduction to Brain Complexity • 00:29 – The Human Upgrade with Dave Asprey • 01:42 – Meet Dr. Mijtu Storoni • 02:16 – Understanding Brain Efficiency • 02:57 – The Role of Astrocytes • 04:37 – Brain Adaptability and Environment • 06:55 – Biohacking and Environmental Signals • 08:34 – Power vs. Efficiency Debate • 11:26 – The Importance of Glial Cells • 18:10 – The Brain as a Predictive Machine • 23:14 – Nutrition and Brain Health • 32:33 – The Gut-Brain Connection • 36:36 – Eye Health as a Proxy for Brain Health • 40:47 – Aligning the Brain: The Blue Dot Network • 41:54 – Understanding Brain Gears and Stress Management • 42:27 – Maintaining the Goldilocks Zone for Optimal Brain Function • 43:09 – The Role of Creativity and Daydreaming • 44:28 – Strategies to Stay in Optimal Mental States • 47:44 – Biohacking for Enhanced Efficiency • 51:00 – The Science Behind Flow States • 57:09 – Harnessing Innate Curiosity for Mental Efficiency • 01:03:46 – Breathing Techniques for Mental Regulation • 01:13:32 – The Importance of Ultradian Rhythms • 01:17:40 – Practical Tips for Efficient Breaks • 01:21:20 – Conclusion: Embracing Hyper Efficiency See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In today's episode, we dive into the molecular mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, with a particular focus on how gut-derived endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), perturb the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and propagate neuroinflammatory cascades. In more detail, we'll discuss how intestinal dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability can allow endotoxins such as LPS to enter systemic circulation and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), where they activate microglia via the TLR4 signaling pathway. We will explore symptoms including brain fog, memory impairment, mood disturbances, decreased concentration, and cognitive fatigue; as well as tools to support the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Topics: 1. Introduction to Neuroinflammation - Definition and general overview - Key brain cells: neurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells - Chronic neuroinflammation and microglial cells 2. Cellular Mechanisms of Neuroinflammation - Role of microglia in detecting damage or infection - Microglial activation through PRRs/TLRs - Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) - Impact on neurons and synaptic plasticity: memory and learning 3. Astrocytes in Neuroinflammation - Astrocytes' contribution to the inflammatory response 4. Chronic Neuroinflammation and Brain Health - Prolonged activation: oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic function - Impairment of synaptic plasticity and cognitive decline - Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death cascades - Compromised blood-brain barrier integrity 5. Contributing Factors to Neuroinflammation - Environmental toxins and pollutants, viral or bacterial infections, chronic sleep deprivation, and more 6. Intestinal Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation - Role of Gram-negative bacteria and LPS (lipopolysaccharides) - Increased intestinal permeability and passage of LPS - LPS transport: transcellular and paracellular pathways - Impact on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) 7. LPS Activation of Microglia - LPS binding to TLR4 on immune cells - Microglial activation and cytokine release - Cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative processes 8. Intestinal Hyperpermeability - Bioindividual approaches: prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, bacteriophages - Support for intestinal mucus secretions and sources of mucilage - Butyrate - Glutamine 9. Beneficial Gut Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Brain Health - Types of metabolites: SCFAs, tryptophan metabolites, polyphenol metabolites - Role of butyrate in crossing the BBB and modulating brain function - Influence on gene expression and synaptic plasticity - Contribution to gut barrier integrity and protection against endotoxins 10. Conclusion - Recap of neuroinflammation's impact on cognitive function + symptoms Thank you to our episode sponsor: 1. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Daily Nouri⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use code ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ for 20% off your order. Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

In today's episode, we dive into the crucial roles that gut-derived microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, play in supporting the health of neurons and glial cells, ultimately promoting cognitive function. We explore how enhancing the body's natural production of these metabolites through a healthy gut microbiome and how strategic supplementation can both benefit brain health. The discussion includes detailed insights into the cellular mechanisms in the brain and practical strategies for fostering a healthy gut microbiome capable of producing high quantities of these beneficial compounds. Topics: 1. Introduction to Brain Cellular Makeup - Overview of Neurons and Glial Cells - Neurons: Structure and Function - Glial Cells: Types and Roles 2. Neuronal Communication and Synaptic Function - Neuronal Structure: Soma, Dendrites, Axon - Synaptic Communication: Presynaptic Terminal, Synaptic Cleft, Postsynaptic Membrane 3. Energy Demands - ATP Utilization and Energy Demands - Mitochondrial Function and Neuronal Vulnerability 4. Astrocytes and Microglial Cells - Astrocytes: Functions and Role in CNS Homeostasis - Microglial Cells: Immune Functions and Role in Neuroinflammation 5. Roles of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Supporting Brain Health - Overview of Gut-Derived Metabolites - Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate - Tryptophan Metabolites: Indole, Indole-3-Propionate (IPA) 6. Impact of Gut-Derived Metabolites on Neurons - Promotion of Neurogenesis by SCFAs - Neuroprotective Effects of Tryptophan Metabolites 7. Impact of Gut-Derived Metabolites on Glial Cells - Impact on Astrocytes - Impact on Microglial Cells 8. Strategies to Enhance Metabolite Production - Diversity - Probiotic Supplementation - Fiber - Amino Acids 9. Direct Supplementation Options - Sodium Butyrate: Role in Neuroprotection and Cognitive Function Thank you to our episode sponsors: 1. Check out ⁠Daily Nouri⁠ and use code ⁠CHLOE20⁠ for 20% off your order. 2. Check out ⁠⁠AX3 Astaxanthin⁠⁠ and use discount code ⁠⁠CHLOE20⁠⁠ for 20% off your first order. 3. Check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Liver Medic and use code Chloe20 to save 20% on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠"Leaky Gut Repair"⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Brendan's YouTube Channel⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://x.com/livermedic⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠" Follow Chloe on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@synthesisofwellness⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠synthesisofwellness.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support

Previously thought to be mere connective tissue and support for neurons, astrocytes are now understood to have many functions in the nervous system that are linked with seizures and epilepsy. Dr. Cecilie Nome spoke with Dr. Peter Bedner about astrocytes' involvement in epilepsy and how identifying and resolving astrocyte dysfunction is a new frontier in drug development.Relevant articles:de Ceglia R., et al. 2023. Specialized astrocytes mediate glutamatergic gliotransmission in the CNS. Nature 622, 120–129.Grote A., et al. 2023. ‘Hippocampal innate inflammatory gliosis only' in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain 146(2), 549-560.Ravi V.M., et al. 2015. Astrocyte uncoupling as a cause of human temporal lobe epilepsy. 2015. Brain 138(5), 1208-1222. Support the Show.Sharp Waves episodes are meant for informational purposes only, and not as clinical or medical advice.Let us know how we're doing: podcast@ilae.org.The International League Against Epilepsy is the world's preeminent association of health professionals and scientists, working toward a world where no person's life is limited by epilepsy. Visit us on Facebook, X (Twitter), Instagram, and LinkedIn.

Astrocytes are cells in the central nervous system crucial for supporting neurones and their function. A glioblastoma is a dangerous, rapidly growing type of brain tumour. Guess how they are linked.  

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

Medical advances have significantly improved the survival of preterm babies and term neonates with brain injuries due to environmental hypoxia or genetic causes. Anca Pasca, M.D., shares her work to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders associated with fetal and neonatal brain injury. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39453]

What aspects of the brain differ between autistic people and non-autistic people? Do these brain differences lead to things like synesthesia in autistic people? Synesthesia is when your senses or perceptions overlap, like when you think of a number and see waves of red or some other colour. Or when you can feel in your own body the sensations and physical pain of another, just by looking at them!In this episode, I also talk about ableist perspectives in autism research, secondary autism, neurons, glial cells, early brain development, mirror-touch synesthesia as the basis of deep empathy, and much more!Watch this episode on YouTube.If you'd like to know more about topics discussed in this episode, check out:"What Is Synaptic Pruning?" By Jacquelyn Cafasso"Astroglia in Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Kinga Gzielo and Agnieszka Nikiforuk"Regional Differences in Synaptogenesis in Human Cerebral Cortex" by Peter Huttenlocher and Arun Dabholkar"Microglia in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorders" by Ryuta Koyama and Yuji Ikegaya"Astrocytes and Microglia and Their Potential Link With Autism Spectrum Disorders" by Francesco Petrelli et al."Balancing Excitation and Inhibition in the Autistic Brain" by Charlotte Pretzsch and Dorothea Floris"Synaptic Growth, Synesthesia and Savant Abilities" by Martin Silvertant"Neuroinflammation, Mast Cells, and Glia: Dangerous Liaisons" by Stephen D. Skaper et al."Lack of Neuron 'Pruning' May Be Behind Many Brain-Related Conditions" by Clare Wilson"Microglia and Astrocytes Underlie Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Susceptibility in Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Yue Xiong et al.Episode outro music: "It's Too Much" by Kristen Hovet  Theme music: "Everything Feels New" by Evgeny Bardyuzha. All episodes written and produced by Kristen Hovet.To submit a question to possibly be answered in a future episode, please email kristen.hovet@gmail.comBecome a patron on Patreon!Buy me a coffee!

In this episode, hosts Joe and Lesley chat with Dr. Debosmita Sardar about her research into the roles of astrocytes, epigenetics, and serotonylation during odor processing. Dr. Sardar is a K99 Postdoctoral Fellow at Baylor College of Medicine and a selected MPFI NeuroMEETS speaker. Episode Notes: Max Planck NeuroMEETS: https://www.mpfi.org/science/max-planck-neuromeets Episode Guest: Debosmita Sardar @debo_Astrocyte Episode Hosts: Lesley Colgan - @Lesley Colgan Joe Schumacher - @JWscience Do you enjoy the podcast? Feel free to like this episode and follow us to hear more episodes! Max Planck Florida's Neurotransmissions Podcast Website: https://www.mpfi.org/news-media/podcast Social Media: @MPFneuro Twitter: https://twitter.com/MPFNeuro Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mpfneuro Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MPFNeuro

BUFFALO, NY- October 24, 2023 – A new research paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 15, Issue 19, entitled, “Metabolic switch in the aging astrocyte supported via integrative approach comprising network and transcriptome analyses.” Dysregulated central-energy metabolism is a hallmark of brain aging. Supplying enough energy for neurotransmission relies on the neuron-astrocyte metabolic network. In their new study, researchers Alejandro Acevedo, Felipe Torres, Miguel Kiwi, Felipe Baeza-Lehnert, L. Felipe Barros, Dasfne Lee-Liu, and Christian González-Billault from Universidad de Chile, Cedenna, University of California, San Diego, Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Universidad San Sebastián, and the Buck Institute for Research on Aging aimed to identify genes contributing to age-associated brain functional decline. “[...] we formulated an approach to analyze the metabolic network by integrating flux, network structure and transcriptomic databases of neurotransmission and aging.” Their findings support that during brain aging: (1) The astrocyte undergoes a metabolic switch from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, decreasing lactate supply to the neuron, while the neuron suffers intrinsic energetic deficit by downregulation of Krebs cycle genes, including mdh1 and mdh2 (Malate-Aspartate Shuttle); (2) Branched-chain amino acid degradation genes were downregulated, identifying dld as a central regulator; (3) Ketone body synthesis increases in the neuron, while the astrocyte increases their utilization, in line with neuronal energy deficit in favor of astrocytes. “The genes identified here are valuable candidates for future studies to understand the molecular mechanisms of healthy brain aging and prevent brain age-associated failure using energy metabolism as a target.” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204663 Corresponding authors - Christian González-Billault - chrgonza@uchile.cl, and Dasfne Lee-Liu - dasfne.lee@uss.cl Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.204663 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, astrocyte, neuron, brain aging, flux balance analysis, network centrality About Aging-US Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways. Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us: SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/Aging-Us Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Media Contact 18009220957 MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.01.551248v1?rss=1 Authors: Baraibar, A. M., Colomer, T., Moreno-Garcia, A., Bernal-Chico, A., Sanchez, E., Utrilla, C., Serrat, R., Soria-Gomez, E., Rodriguez-Antiguedad, A., Araque, A., Matute, C., Marsicano, G., Mato, S. Abstract: Cortical pathology involving inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS) and a correlate of disease progression and cognitive decline. Astrocytes play a pivotal role in MS initiation and progression but astrocyte-neuronal network alterations contributing to gray matter pathology remain undefined. Here we measured astrocytic calcium in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS using fiber photometry in freely behaving mice and two-photon imaging ex vivo. We identified the emergence of spontaneously hyperactive cortical astrocytes displaying calcium transients of increased duration as well as dysfunctional responses to cannabinoid, glutamate and purinoreceptor agonists during acute EAE disease. Deficits in astrocyte calcium responses are associated to abnormal signaling by Gi and Gq protein coupled receptors in the inflamed cortex and are partially mirrored in cells activated with pro-inflammatory factors both in vitro and ex vivo thus suggesting cell-autonomous effects of the cortical neuroinflammatory environment. Finally, we show that deregulated astrocyte calcium activity is associated to an enhancement of glutamatergic gliotransmission and a shift of astrocyte-mediated short-term and long-term plasticity mechanisms towards synaptic potentiation. Overall our data identities astrocyte-neuronal network dysfunction as key pathological feature of the inflammatory gray matter that may contribute to MS symptomatology and clinical progression. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.31.551259v1?rss=1 Authors: Starck, L., Sarem, M., Heimrich, B., Sawarkar, R., Ritz, M.-F., Hutter, G., Shastri, V. P. Abstract: While the direct biological factors underlying the progression of GBM, an aggressive form of brain cancer, have been extensively studied, emerging evidence suggests that indirect biological triggers, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), may also have a role. Since reactive astrocytes are associated with TBI, and astroglial cells are the source of proteoglycans which contribute to changes in biophysical characteristics (stochastic topography, stiffness) of the brain, we postulated a role for stochastic nanoroughness in the induction of glioma. Using a model system to emulate such physical cues, we demonstrate that human cortical astrocytes undergo spontaneous organization into spheroids in response to nanoroughness and retain the spheroid phenotype even upon withdrawal of the physical cues. Furthermore, spheroids serve as aggregation foci for naive astrocytes; express activated MMP2, and disseminate upon implantation in mouse brain. RNA-seq revealed a tumoral phenotype with a gene expression pattern involving p53, ADAMTS proteases and fibronectin. Moreover, nanoroughness mediates a cross-talk between cancer cells and astrocytes through induced senescence. These findings implicate a role for stochastic biophysical cues in driving a potential malignant transformation of astrocytes. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

But multiple independent researchers say they are not convinced by its results, which fail to confirm high-profile findings from 2017.

But multiple independent researchers say they are not convinced by its results, which fail to confirm high-profile findings from 2017.

In this flash back episode, Sarah explores the latest research on astrocytes, gut bacteria and neuroinflammation with scientist and medical researcher Dr. Francisco Quintana. Dr. Quintana is a Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School and an Associate Scientist at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. He describes some of the causes of neuroinflammation including infection, tumours and auto-immune disease. So what does all of that have to do with astrocytes?  Astrocytes are a type of glial cell found in the central nervous system. These cells were first described over 100 years ago and were given their celestial name because they are shaped like a star. Even though they are the most abundant type of cell in the brain, Dr. Quintana points out that we are just now beginning to understand their function. One of the important functions of the glymphatic system is in regulating the movement of fluids in and out of the brain. Once seen as having more of a supportive role in the brain, astrocytes are now understood to help regulate inflammation – an important finding in the study of diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimers and Parkinson's disease. In fact, Dr. Quintana states that the astrocytes can, “boost and drive inflammation and that's very important because, so far, we have no therapies to actually suppress those pro-inflammatory activities.”Read the full show notes. 

PODCAST SHOWNOTES FOR JULY, 2022: CELEBRATING EXCELLENCE IN AUTISM – GREG CONNORS AND ADAM JONES – SPECIAL GUESTS!   Support the Els for Autism FORE! Autism Podcast! http://weblink.donorperfect.com/FOREAutismPodcast NEWS AND UPDATES Listen to us through these resources!   Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/fore-autism/id1518739492   Podbean: https://elsforautism.podbean.com/   Els for Autism Web Site: https://www.elsforautism.org/fore-autism-podcast/   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3gZALxJDPJbP8sVEwcuiMa   Read each blog article as it is published! https://www.elsforautism.org/category/blog/   Nominate someone you know for the Autism Spectrum Award 2022! https://www.elsforautism.org/autism-spectrum-award/   NATE'S STORIES   NATE'S STORY 1: Astrocytes and Autism: Not a Science Fiction Article   Source:  https://news.weill.cornell.edu/news/2022/04/some-autism-spectrum-disorder-symptoms-linked-to-astrocytes An article on Nutritional Resources for individuals with autism https://thespectrum.org.au/autism-support-services/professionals/dietitians/   NATE'S STORY 2: Social Media Use and Autism   Great related article: https://www.autismspeaks.org/science-news/social-media-offers-benefits-autistic-community   MERRICK'S STORIES   MERRICK'S STORY 1: John O'Kane – Living life with autism and football   Great related article: https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/12422732/john-okane-exclusive-interview-from-manchester-uniteds-class-of-92-to-becoming-a-care-worker-and-loving-it   MERRICK'S STORY 2: It is Still Summertime  Source: https://www.marcus.org/autism-resources/autism-tips-and-resources/maintaining-skills-over-the-summer The overnight Summer Camp I was referring to: https://www.campballibay.com/ (Important because I got my first sweet taste of Radio from my second year there)    

Cool Facts are quick hits of new human and world science curated into short bursts of information just for you. This fun compilation publishes one Friday a month.Drugs that cut down cancer risk by 61% aren't really drugs.Take the right type of Vitamin D for the most benefit.Stressing cells in the sauna could help reverse neurological disease.A new discovery in brain communication and function.Making stem cells younger in less time.Active brown fat could be a marker for pre-diabetes.EPISODE SPONSOR: Infrared Sauna Benefits with Sunlighten. https://www.sunlighten.com/DAVE. Save up to $600 on your sauna purchase! Mention code "DaveAsprey" for discount.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dilek Colak, PhD, shares the results of recent work identifying aberrant Ca2+ signaling in ASD astrocytes as a mechanism that contributes to specific behavioral and neuronal deficits. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37673]

Dilek Colak, PhD, shares the results of recent work identifying aberrant Ca2+ signaling in ASD astrocytes as a mechanism that contributes to specific behavioral and neuronal deficits. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37673]

Dilek Colak, PhD, shares the results of recent work identifying aberrant Ca2+ signaling in ASD astrocytes as a mechanism that contributes to specific behavioral and neuronal deficits. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37673]

Dilek Colak, PhD, shares the results of recent work identifying aberrant Ca2+ signaling in ASD astrocytes as a mechanism that contributes to specific behavioral and neuronal deficits. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37673]

Dilek Colak, PhD, shares the results of recent work identifying aberrant Ca2+ signaling in ASD astrocytes as a mechanism that contributes to specific behavioral and neuronal deficits. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37673]

Dilek Colak, PhD, shares the results of recent work identifying aberrant Ca2+ signaling in ASD astrocytes as a mechanism that contributes to specific behavioral and neuronal deficits. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37673]

Dilek Colak, PhD, shares the results of recent work identifying aberrant Ca2+ signaling in ASD astrocytes as a mechanism that contributes to specific behavioral and neuronal deficits. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37673]

Support the show to get full episodes and join the Discord community. Brains are often conceived as consisting of neurons and "everything else." As Elena discusses, the "everything else," including glial cells and in particular astrocytes, have largely been ignored in neuroscience. That's partly because the fast action potentials of neurons have been assumed to underlie computations in the brain, and because technology only recently afforded closer scrutiny of astrocyte activity. Now that we can record calcium signaling in astrocytes, it's possible to relate how astrocyte signaling with each other and with neurons may complement the cognitive roles once thought the sole domain of neurons. Although the computational role of astrocytes remains unclear, it is clear that astrocytes interact with neurons and neural circuits in dynamic and interesting ways. We talk about the historical story of astrocytes, the emerging modern story, and Elena shares her views on the path forward to understand astrocyte function in cognition, disease, homeostasis, and - Elena's favorite current hypothesis - their integrative role in negative feedback control. Elena's website.Twitter: @elenagalea1Related papersA roadmap to integrate astrocytes into Systems Neuroscience.Elena recommended this paper: Biological feedback control—Respect the loops. 0:00 - Intro 5:23 - The changing story of astrocytes 14:58 - Astrocyte research lags neuroscience 19:45 - Types of astrocytes 23:06 - Astrocytes vs neurons 26:08 - Computational roles of astrocytes 35:45 - Feedback control 43:37 - Energy efficiency 46:25 - Current technology 52:58 - Computational astroscience 1:10:57 - Do names for things matter

TWiN explains the finding that in the mouse visual cortex, astrocytes are key elements in the experience-dependent wiring of brain circuits. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Jason Shepherd, Timothy Cheung, and Vivianne Morrison Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiN! Links for this episode Astrocytes close the critical period (Science) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your neuroscience questions and comments to twin@microbe.tv

Anxiety was escalating at a rapid rate before 2020, and now it's just crazy. Long-haulers, mandates, lockdowns, wars, masks, headlines, our kids.....let's just say it isn't expected to  get any better anytime soon, hence counseling services are increasing, doctors visits and prescriptions are increasing, but so are people searching for information and trying to solve their anxiety puzzle without medications, on their own. There are tons of options for medications, supplements, and general advice out there - where do you turn and what do you do?? Understand the mechanisms of anxiety, neuroinflammation, and autoimmunity. UNDERSTANDING MECHANISMS PROVIDE SOLUTIONS!I have at least 20 things in my Vitamin Store that I have used in my clinic that have helped people tremendously with anxiety, including magnesium, CBD, L-theanine, B6 and other B vitamins, keto diet, avoiding gluten or dairy, binders, methyl donors, sauna,  herbs for pathogens, probiotics, adaptogens, vagus nerve stimulation. Some of these people were mold, Lyme, EBV, IBS, or autoimmune disease patients with a list of 10+ other symptoms, but some were kids, moms, dads, people who just dealt with a lot of anxiety but otherwise had few complaints. It can happen to anybody. What are the mechanisms for YOU?? Here is a list of 10 things you need to know about when searching for the next clue to solve your health puzzle:1. Mitochondria - the batteries behind it all!! Also the cause behind it all.....listen to episodes 30, 31, 32 for more info on mitochondria but you have a QUADRILLION of them in your brain, so they are kinda important.....2. Brain Cells - Neurons vs. Microglia vs. Mast Cells vs. Astrocytes.....you don't need to know everything, but a little bit about each one can help!3. Brain Regions - limbic regions - amygdala, insula, hippocampus, hypothalamus; cerebellar-vestibular regions4. Neurotransmitters - GABA/Glutamate, Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetycholine, Epinephrine, Norepipheprine5. Hormones - HPA Axis (adrenals), Thyroid, Androgens, Estrogens, and most importantly Cortisol 6. Blood-Brain-Barrier - protector of the brain - damaged by head traumas, glutathione depletion, histamine, gut inflammation and permeability (leaky gut)7. Dysfunctional Pathways - Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS), LPS, Mast Cell Activation, Kynurenine Pathway, Methylation, NO/ONOO, iNOS, excitotoxins (MSG, red 40), EMF radiation8. Nervous System Balance - Sympathetic/Parasympathetic balance - "fight or flight" vs. "rest and digest"9. Mitophagy/Autophagy - the clearing of "junk" from the brain10. Autoimmunity! - Self-tissue antibodies against things like GAD-65, cerebellum, thyroid, Myelin Basic Protein, Synapsin, Asiologanglioside, etcThese are 10 heavy topics!! But they are all important. You don't need to know everything about them, but knowing a little bit about each topic can help you figure out a bit more what's going on in your brain!

アメリカでの運転免許取得、Mini2P、MATLABからPythonへの移行に関する雑談。フラッシュ論文紹介は海馬４重vivoパッチ、BLAドパミンREM睡眠、シータ波と歩くリズムの同期、第三世代Rabies、投射先アストロサイト標識、eVLPについて。(3/19収録) Show notes: COTEN RADIO バイオステーションゲスト回 catch-22 Koch Family Zipcar Tax Return: 確定申告のこと Mini2P論文 Biologyの方 Mini2p自体はNature Methodsに２報くらい 1 2 ノルウェーの会社製の（GRINじゃなくてElectrical Tunable Lens的なやつだった…） ゼロから作るDeep Learning vscode A neuroscientist's Python environment (Allenの同僚・伊藤さんによるpython開発環境の解説記事。Remote development extension packが便利そう) spyder 3090 東大入試生物2022 見たことのある実験系 Herman MillerのSayl Chair フラッシュ論文紹介: 論文１：Inhibition allocates spikes during hippocampal ripples ForwardとReverseがあるよ Pouletラボ Jouhanneauの４重パッチ 論文２：Rapid eye movement sleep is initiated by basolateral amygdala dopamine signaling in mice 櫻井研 情動脱力発作について（長谷川さんの過去仕事プレスリリース） オレキシン発見 長谷川さんの過去仕事一覧 論文３：Dynamic Synchronization between Hippocampal Spatial Representations and the Stepping Rhythm Loren Frank DeepLabCut 論文４：Single-deletion-mutant, third-generation rabies viral vectors allow nontoxic retrograde targeting of projection neurons with greatly increased efficiency 論文５：Circuit-Specific Targeting of Astrocytes for Genetic Control 論文６：Engineered virus-like particles for efficient in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins （eはEnhancedじゃなくてEngineeredでしたね…） Editorial Notes: 海馬以外の論文もちゃんと読まねば。。。（宮脇） 最近、職場の解析用PCを3070Tiで組みました。この辺がコスパ的にスイートスポットかなと（萩原）

How can we better study the complexities of the brain? Gabriel Silva explains how organoids may be the best way to understand the brain's biologic algorithms. Series: "Sanford Stem Cell Symposium" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37780]

How can we better study the complexities of the brain? Gabriel Silva explains how organoids may be the best way to understand the brain's biologic algorithms. Series: "Sanford Stem Cell Symposium" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37780]

How can we better study the complexities of the brain? Gabriel Silva explains how organoids may be the best way to understand the brain's biologic algorithms. Series: "Sanford Stem Cell Symposium" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37780]

How can we better study the complexities of the brain? Gabriel Silva explains how organoids may be the best way to understand the brain's biologic algorithms. Series: "Sanford Stem Cell Symposium" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37780]

 Coach Frank goes on a 14 minute rant about ‘internet scientists' and the whole sweet spot versus polarized debate.  He espouses how the coaches are ahead on the scientists and bring it all back to the podcast topic: the long ride.  Frank describes his three long rides and how you can progress thru each. 61558Gravel Training Plan to help you practice what's described in this podcast! In this podcast, Coach Frank covers the benefits of a long ride and goes on a rant about ‘internet scientists'. Thanks to everyone for tuning in, subscribing and reviewing on Apple Podcasts, and for engaging in our forum! Save 25% on your next training plan with code 25podcast Show Notes: How I invented Sweet Spot Training Peter Stetina Podcast I am a man of science with a masters degree in physiology and US Patent # 7202067 from my molecular biology biotech days.  I've spent days, nights in the Bowman Gray medical school library going thru thick 10 pound, 500 page medical journals trying to figure out how to get nerves to grow back on Astrocytes to help spinal cord injury patients. I even presented that work at the annual Neuroscience meetings in La Jolla and have to say – sometimes science doesn't have all the answers.  It's your experience in the field from trying failure, doing and succeed. Here's the story and what I mean: I spent 6 months in a medical school laboratory with an NIH grant trying to figure out how to get spinal cord rat astrocytes to grow in petri dish to study nerve regeneration with an in vitro spinal cord injury model.  Say that tongue twister with me again. 6 months culturing hundreds of thousands of astrocytes (cells that make up your spinal cord) day after day.  And they weren't growing. And my boss started to get pissed and I was going to the medical school library every night to find that one nugget of information to figure out how to get these astrocytes to grow in the petri dish. I Experimented with everything the scientific journals listed in their ‘methods and materials' section of the publication – the growth media, the way we harvested the cells, you name it. Finally one day I reached out to a researcher in the field who'd published a paper on astrocytes from the University of Alabama Birmingham's medical school of all places. The next day I cold called him and he picked up! Lo and behold he answered on the 2nd ring and we talked for 20 minutes and a week later I flew down to his lab to work with him and his lab tech to see if we could figure out a way to get the spinal cord injury model to work. Within the first hour of our collaboration the lab tech told me to coat the petri dishes with L-Lysine to give the Astrocytes something to bind too because they didn't like plastic. And whammo – that was the golden nugget of information.   That was the information that wasn't in the hundreds of scientific publications I had found on pub med and spent hours making copies of in the medical school library.  I asked the lab tech how she figured it out and she just shrugged her shoulders and said another researcher suggested it to her. Aha – insider information….. Long story short, cells grews, motor neurons were studied, papers were published and more NIH grants were received.  I went on to graduate school and got distracted by mountain bike racing… but I digress. The point I'd like to make is that sometimes the science, the scientists haven't found what they are looking for. And someone with 20 years of experience has,  like the coaches. Everyone on the internet is quick to point to the science this researcher has published in order to argue their point or to sound smart.  And while I read the same studies, there are paper I wish have been published looking at what I've noticed in the field from athlete performance and power data. Sometimes the coaches are ahead of the scientists because they have the ability to perform experiments and gather the power data and see the results from the athletes they coach. Coaches have n = 1000 to the lab studies that had n = 12.  And the longer they coach and the more experience they glean, the better able they are to figure out what works and what does not. By now I have close to 20 years of coaching experience and analyzing the power data of athletes and taking their data set from the whole season and seasons to measure their performance. Good coaches will micro experiment with their athletes:  Did they rider faster , win x y z race, FTP improve, endurance stretched. What worked, what did not.  Perform develop, grow , achieve. Many of you have heard my December 2018 podcast “How I Invented Sweet Spot” If not go back and give it a listen, I'll put it in the show notes too.  In there I recant my experience training with the polarized method and then the extraordinary improvement I made when I discovered and developed sweet spot training.  I went from P ½ field pack fill to winning P1/2 races. XC MTB races, Time trials and crits all of things which is opposite but I always had a good anaerobic system no doubt developed from all the intervals I did. I'm not trying to start a polarized v sweet spot debate – I think, we (at FasCat think) you should do both and when you combine them together you'll ride your fastest.  Its taken me/us close to 20 years of training, racing, analyzing to articulate that to you all when everyone else is busy arguing which side they are on. The answer from the coaches is BOOOOOTTTHHHH!! Polarized training gets you so far just like sweet spot training only gets you so far. But when you combine the two together, when you switch from base to race:  whammo – that's the stuff of peak performances The big point I want to make is these broad connecting the dots types of perspectives from real world experience, working with athletes day in and day out,  takes an open mind and years, decades of experience.  I chuckle when the internet cites a study performed over six weeks.  And then you dig deeper and the paper was written by a graduate student. Nothing against graduate student, I used to be one myself! Six weeks is just not enough time nor experience to really determine an athletes performance in a laboratory studying from following a real training plan. Studies like this can answer one single question that is more or less one layer of dozens that coaches factor into performance. Sometimes these studies answer questions about performance that honestly doesn't matter too much to coaches because its common cycling sense.  Granted they answer specific scientifica questions but many many times the coaches are ahead of the scientists AND the studies haven't even been conducted to what the coaches have already figured out. Case in point – the whole sweet spot v polarized debate. Now I like science and I like the research – if these researchers were to go on journey and follow the results then you should perk up and pay attention.  But to my knowledge no study has been done looking at sweet spot training to build one's aerobic endurance in the off and pre-season and then a switch polarised training pre competition and in season. No study except for the fact that hundreds of my coaching colleagues training athletes with this methodology to help athletes of all abilities from average Joes to World Tour Pros' ride their bikes faster. A super digression! I apologize, I was going to talk with you about the Long Ride and I just went on a huge rant pitching scientists against coaches.  I think the holy grail is an experienced coach rooted in science (like most of my colleagues)  Real world experience with a scientific background.   But if I had to choose one or another, I'd choose the experience coached over what the science says every single time. And I'm a scientist! But the honest truth is that when I went to research the benefits of the long ride I wasn't satisfied sharing the results of a paper in the Journal of Sports Med citing the increase in mitochondrial density from aerobic endurance training.  Rather let me simply share 20 years of professional coaching experience with you – what works and I won't even mention what does not.  And because I've gone on a rant let's skip the review of the week and announcement. Subscribe, leave us a review, engage with us – we want to help you ride your bike faster! We as Coaches know what works.. Why? Because we've done that ourselves and have monitored hundreds of athletes over the years that have benefited from long endurance ride training. And when I say endurance I'm talking about your aerobic endurance and you are ‘aerobic' between Zones 2 thru sweet spot. Even Zones 4 & 5 are aerobic just not for long.  Therefore I like to have athletes do three type of long rides in a progression. The first is the zone 2 ride the 2nd is the sweet spot TSS ride and the third is the AmEx TSS ride. Start with the zone 2 ride then move onto a long sweet spot ride and finally if your training has been going really well move onto the long Amex ride. Save the Amex rides for when your goal event is close.  The Zone 2 and sweet spot long rides are off and pre-season and even in season. Zones 2 is zone 2 – fairly straightforward , steady constant pedalling and avoiding any forays above zone 2 – oftentimes facilitated by choosing to ride on flat terrain. The Sweet Spot ride is actually zones 2 through Sweet Spot for the sweet spot TSS ride and Zones 2 – zone 5 for the AmEx ride.  And we'll even sprinkle in a little organic zone 6, especially if they are a road, crit, mtb and cyclocrosser. Backing up we are coming up on the end of winter where everyone needs (this is free coaching advice) to get off their trainer and increase their riding volume.  One hour a day is fine 18+ weeks out from their goal event but the progression to your training from increasing the intensity and frequency of intervals only takes one so far.  In other words, there's only so far you can ‘get' from one hour trainer rides. The next step is to increase your riding volume. And for most of us weekend warriors that comes from the long ride on the weekend.   2-3 hours at first and then add 30 minutes each successive weekend to work your way to a 5 hour ride. I think the five hour ride is within all cyclists of all abilities: young, old beginner, advanced. This is why centuries are so popular bc 20mph for 5 hours = a 100 mile century. This is also why the pros do long rides. They just do a lot of long rides to add up to some 20-25+ hour weeks. So get off your trainer, put on some cold weather riding gear and double the longest ride you've done on the trainer this winter. Say that is 1.5 hours indoors so ride 3 hours outdoors.  Ride 3.5 hours the next weekend and keep going to 4 > 4.5 and 5 hours each weekend. That is a 5 week progression. Why 5 hours? 2 reasons: #1 5 hours is specific to many of the events we are training for like an 80-100 mile road race, a gravel race, fondo, century, etc… #2 5 hours is a large dose of training (lotta mitochondrial biogenesis) but not so large that we can't recover from. For example – the first time you do a 5 hour ride you are going to be smashed from it the next day. But the next time you do a 5 hour ride you'll be less tired the next day and less tired the next time.  A 5 hour zone 2 ride will incur a training stress score of roughly 250 or 50 TSS / hour.  Experienced cyclist know they can recover from that. Especially when they've done 350 – 400 Sweet Spot TSS rides or events and have experience of what that felt like. The single day long ride progression is to go from not one long 5 hour ride on the weekend but TWO .  That's another 5 week progression after the aforementioned 5 week progression. For example – so now you are doing regular 5 hour rides every Saturday.  On Sunday's you are going to go from 2.5 hour ride and increase the duration by 30 minutes each successive Sunday on up to 5 hours. Now you are talking two long rides over the weekend for 10 hours of training + the 3 – 5 you are getting in during the week which adds up to close to are 12-15 hour training week.  That's a lot of mitochondria. And that's how you build endurance. FTP gets a lot of hype while endurance is the ugly step sister.  Let me tell you without ‘endurance' your FTP is going to be subject to fatigue during your event. Aka that 300 watt FTP at the beginning of a 4-6 hour event will be 200 watts or less in the final hour. Scenario:  If you have only been riding one hour a day 5-6 days a week  for a total of 6-8 hours of weekly training for 6+ weeks and your FTP is over 300 watts that is great. But when you start getting into your Springtime and Summer events that require endurance, that 300 watts FTP will decrease each hour going to 275 and 250 and on down and the miles roll on. However for the athletes that have put in the time in the saddle training 8 – 12 hours per week their FTP is going to decrease less over the course of a long endurance event.  Remember our podcast with Peter Stetina? He finished Unbound with the equivalent of a 170 watt FTP as measured by his normalized power in the final hour.  And he finished 3rd! And he has incredible endurance from his training and years as a world tour pro. That race is truly a test of endurance and FTP much less so. And here's my coaching experience for ya: you can incur less fatigue and have less FTP decline during an event from doing regular long rides.  No scientific paper proves or disproves that – that's just common cycling knowledge. The cyclists are ahead of the science. The long ride is the quintessential workout of aerobic endurance training for an aerobic sport. Dr Andy Coggan famously exclaimed way back, ‘its an aerobic sport, damit' referring to the fact that event pursuitors whose event is less than 5 minutes benefit from endurance training. Even MvDP and Wout van Aerto go do 20-25 hour weeks in Majorca in December to get ready for 1 hour event in January. Because it is an aerobic endurance sport. And that's also why they are such good road racers. Side note who do you think will win Strade Bianchi this weekend? Even Criterium racers and  XC mountain bikers with events less than 2 hours do long rides because its an aerobic endurance sport. Time trialists and hill climbers benefit from long rides because its an aerobic endurance sport.  And of course gravel fondo and century riders need and benefit from long rides because its specific to the event! The event is a long ride. As the expression goes, ‘long live long rides' because they are fun, can be adventurous and honestly what I'm looking forward to this Spring and Summer. In the mountains of course. Thanks for listening to my rant and be sure to subscribe because next week we'll be podcasting about switching from base to race part two – and our regular Ask a FasCat user submitted questions # 17 ! And if one of your buddies or the internet argues with you say in your best Big Lebowski voice ‘mitochondrial biogenesis man' Do your long rides and remember to “Work Hard, Ride Fast, Have Fun and as always FtFP” To practice: ride your Gravel Bike on trails! Descending!  I'm gonna give you all my cyclocross skill tips here: Steam crossings + Roots and Mud:   Copyright © 2021 FasCat Coaching – all rights reserved. Join our *FREE* Athlete Forum to nerd out with FasCat coaches and athletes about your FTP, race data, power based training, or anything related to going fast on the bike! To talk with a FasCat Coach about your long rides, please fill out a New Athlete Questionnaire to set up a complimentary coaching consultation. The post Long Rides, Coaches v Scientists, Sweet Spot AND Polarized appeared first on FasCat.