Podcasts about Utnapishtim

Relax with a gentle retelling of the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest stories ever told. Follow the mighty king of Uruk on a journey of friendship, loss, and the search for meaning. Including the stories of Enkidu, Cedar Forest, Humbada, Ishtar, Bull of Heaven, eternal life, Utnapishtim etc. Let this ancient Sumerian tale of courage and reflection guide you into a deep and peaceful sleep. 

Please donate to Aseel in Gaza here: https://chuffed.org/project/118973-save-aseels-family-from-genocide-in-gaza  Guest: Sheila We're so back! First, a Sumerian poem about Gilgamesh which mentions his trip to see Ziusudra (also known as Atrahasis, Utnapishtim, and/or Noah), which some have interpreted as evidence for the kind of mass human sacrifice we see in these tombs. Then, the famous Royal Tombs of Ur, first excavated a century ago, with their famous treasures and aforementioned mass human sacrifice! For the first time, we're able to look at the royal family through the generations rather than dealing with isolated kings' names. We might even be able to identify some of their bodies, unlike their dozens of unlucky victims. Then, we look at several of the famous artifacts which these tombs produced: the Standard of Ur, the Royal Game of Ur, and several bull-head lyres, including the Great Lyre, along with other musical instruments. We finish up with a look at four tombs: Personal Grave (PG) 1236, possibly the early king Aya-Anzu; PG 1237 (or the Great Death Pit), possibly King Meskalamdu; PG 755, possibly a later member of the royal family also named Meskalamdu; and PG 800, tomb of the famous Pu-abi with her famous jewelry. Then: Gilgamesh, he of well-proportioned limbs, has lain down and is never to rise again! Sheila (who had just got back from visiting family in India when we recorded this way back in 2023) compares modern Hindu practices with the style of Sumerian oral performances like this one. Questions? Feedback? Email us at drumbeatforeverafter@gmail.com. Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @drumbeatforever Works cited

TJ and Kris devote a whole episode to a Giant Question about the authority of the Biblical flood story, as opposed to those of other ancient traditions.

Grandpa Bill today overviews The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia. It is the oldest known work of literature, dating back to the 3rd millennium BC. The epic tells the story of Gilgamesh, the king of Uruk, and his quest for immortality. The epic is divided into 12 tablets, each of which tells a different part of Gilgamesh's story. The first tablet introduces Gilgamesh as a powerful but tyrannical king. The gods, responding to the people's pleas, create Enkidu, a wild man, to challenge Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh and Enkidu become fast friends, and together they embark on many adventures. They defeat the monster Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven, and they travel to the Cedar Forest, where they cut down a sacred tree. However, Enkidu dies soon after their return to Uruk. Gilgamesh, grief-stricken, sets out on a quest to find the secret of immortality. He travels to the ends of the earth and meets many strange and wonderful creatures, including the goddess Ishtar and the immortal sage Utnapishtim. In the end, Gilgamesh does not find the secret of immortality, but he does learn to accept his own mortality. He returns to Uruk and rules wisely until his death. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a complex and multi-layered work. It can be read as a story about friendship, adventure, and loss. It can also be read as a meditation on the nature of mortality and the meaning of life. The epic has been translated into many languages and is still widely read today. It is a classic work of world literature and a valuable source of insight into the ancient Mesopotamian worldview. Here are some of the key themes of the Epic of Gilgamesh: Friendship: Gilgamesh's friendship with Enkidu is one of the central themes of the epic. Their friendship is deep and enduring, and it helps Gilgamesh to grow and change. Adventure: Gilgamesh is a restless and adventurous spirit. He is always seeking new challenges and new experiences. His quest for immortality takes him to all corners of the known world. Loss: Gilgamesh experiences the loss of his friend Enkidu, which forces him to confront his own mortality. This loss helps him to become more compassionate and understanding. Mortality: The Epic of Gilgamesh is a meditation on the nature of mortality and the meaning of life. Gilgamesh's quest for immortality ultimately fails, but he learns to accept his own mortality and live life to the fullest. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a powerful and moving story that has resonated with readers for centuries. It is a story that explores universal themes such as friendship, adventure, loss, and mortality. Planet Nine or some say planet 10? Hypothetical large planet in the far outer Solar System Planet Nine is a hypothetical ninth planet in the outer region of the Solar System. Its gravitational effects could explain the peculiar clustering of orbits for a group of extreme trans-Neptunian objects, bodies beyond Neptune that orbit the Sun at distances averaging more than 250 times that of the Earth. #solarsystem #space #solar #astronomy #solarenergy #nasa #universe #solarpanels #solarpower #science #cosmos #galaxy #planets #spacex #moon #astrophotography #solarpanel #earth #renewableenergy #stars #astrophysics #sun #greenenergy #energy #milkyway #gogreen #mars #cleanenergy #planet #cosmology --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/bhsales/message

In the Epic of Gilgamesh, written over 4,000 years ago, Enkidu, the great friend of the demigod Gilgamesh, dies. Afraid of death, Gilgamesh asks the sage Utnapishtim, the only survivor of the Great Flood, about the secret to immortality. Utnapishtim gives Gilgamesh a number of tasks, all of which he fails. But that was the point. Gilgamesh learned that immortality is beyond his grasp and returns to Uruk to live out the rest of his life as king.  The first emperor of China was Shi Huang Di. Buried in a tomb decorated with the famous terracotta soldiers, he also feared death and called on Chinese alchemists to create an elixir that would allow him to live forever. The alchemists believed they could make immortality possible through a perfect balance of the five elements: water, wood, fire, earth, and metal. Unfortunately for the emperor, the elixir contained mercury (because it is both a liquid and a metal), which likely contributed to the emperor's death.  Attempts to achieve immortality have continued (and continued to fail) right up to our own time. Medieval European alchemists believed they could produce “the philosopher's stone,” which would perfect the imperfect, turning lead into gold and making mortal life immortal. Enlightenment thinkers of the late 18th century rejected the mysticism of alchemy but continued to speculate about the means to attain physical immortality. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was written as a cautionary tale about scientific hubris, in response to the more modern attempts of medicine and biology to preserve, extend, and improve life.  Today, the quest for immortality continues. Through cryogenics, freshly deceased persons or animals are frozen, their blood replaced with “medical grade antifreeze” to prevent ice crystals from destroying cells. So, the idea goes, once medical technology is able to heal whatever caused their deaths, these creatures can be thawed, healed, and restored to life, possibly with additional enhancements. This approach assumes, among other things, that life and memory can be repaired if the body is repaired and the heart restarted.   In other words, life is seen in purely mechanical terms. This is an equal and opposite error to those pursuing immortality through cybertechnologies, believing that if our consciousness can be downloaded into computers, we can continue to exist as a sort of ghost in a machine. In this techno-gnosticism, our bodies are optional and not a necessary part of life. In this way of thinking, we are our minds, and our minds are nothing more than sophisticated software that can be downloaded into a computer, machine, or perhaps a new robotic body.  Other modern attempts at the Fountain of Youth—such as nutritional strategies, supplements, alternative medical practices, and gene-editing technologies like CRISPR—do not seek as much to avoid death as to extend life. These range from becoming more serious about healthy living to more extreme alternatives. A number of billionaires have been investing in research into life extension, including Sam Altman of OpenAI, Jeff Bezos, Google co-founder Larry Page, and Brian Armstrong of Coinbase. Some believe that our medical technologies will eventually reach a state of “Longevity Escape Velocity,” in which advances are increasing lifespans faster than the years go by, therefore bringing us to the point of immortality.  Despite our long history of failed attempts to live forever, many of which caused more harm than good, scientific hubris remains a temptation almost impossible to avoid. But we should take Mary Shelley's warnings seriously. Some of these longevity experiments will be interesting and ultimately harmless. Some may even help. Others, such as those involving gene-editing technology, will leave their own monsters waiting in the shadows, and it is unlikely, if history is any indication, that we will be able to see them coming.  A more basic problem is trying to defeat death while thinking it is only a material problem to be solved. No latter-day elixir can satisfy our fear of death, which is a physical consequence of metaphysical realities. What ancient emperors and modern tech barons so desperately seek is exactly what's offered in Christ: His eternal life exchanged for our mortal, sinful life. This exchange does not come from a laboratory bottle filled with who knows what, but from an empty tomb. Ultimately, because He defeated death, our bodies will be perfected beyond what even the most optimistic biohacker could dream.   Yes, death remains an enemy. But it is a defeated foe, and all who are in Christ will ultimately see its defeat when we are resurrected to life eternal. This is the truth behind what are reported to have been Tim Keller's final words: “There is no downside for me leaving, not in the slightest.” And Dietrich Bonhoeffer's, as well: “This is the end—for me, the beginning of life.”  This Breakpoint was co-authored by Dr. Glenn Sunshine. For more resources to live like a Christian in this cultural moment, go to breakpoint.org. 

30:17 – In addition to the Biblical account of the Great Flood, there were at least three earlier Middle Eastern accounts, in the Eridu Genesis, the Epic of Atrahasis, and the Epic of Gilgamesh. The human heroes of these stories were Ziusudra, Atrahasis, and Utnapishtim, respectively. Were these just different names for Noah, or were […]

O homem imortal: Utnapishtim e sua esposa; Um presente de despedida: Mitos da grande inundação --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/pedro-mendes-ju00fanior/message

Hidden within the poetic verses of the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the world's oldest religious texts, are indispensable clues to the nature and origin of the world's earliest religious tradition- "The Ancient Tradition".  Once you've given Tablet X a listen, turn your ear to our sister podcast, "The Ancient Tradition", where we reveal striking similarities in the ancient record- myths, cosmologies, theologies, and sacred writings- which point to an original, pure religion in deep antiquity.  Is it the true religion?  If so, you are in for the theological adventure of a lifetime.In this audio recording of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet X, King Gilgamesh encounters Shiduri, a tavern-keeper, outside of the garden, near the seashore.  Gilgamesh confides in her the sorrow he feels over the death of his friend, Enkidu, and seeks her aid to cross the Waters of Death so he can continue his quest for Utnapishtim, guardian of the secret of eternal life.  Shiduri warns him of the perils of crossing the Waters and directs him towards  Ur-shanabi, Utnapsithtim's boatman, who can ferry him across.  Ur-shanabi and Gilgamesh successfully cross the Waters.  Upon landing, Gilgamesh  encounters Utnapishtim.Join us for this episode and visit us on the web at theancienttradition.com and www.youtube.com/@theancienttradition for more amazing comparative religion.

Hidden within the poetic verses of the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the world's oldest religious texts, are indispensable clues to the nature and origin of the world's earliest religious tradition- "The Ancient Tradition".  Once you've given Tablet XI a listen, turn your ear to our sister podcast, "The Ancient Tradition", where we reveal striking similarities in the ancient record- myths, cosmologies, theologies, and sacred writings- which point to an original, pure religion in deep antiquity.  Is it the true religion?  If so, you are in for the theological adventure of a lifetime.In this audio recording of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet XI, King Gilgamesh asks Utnapishtim how he found eternal life.  Utnapishtim gives an account of building a boat, stocking it with provisions, and sealing the hatch on the day commanded by the Sun God.  Utnapishtim recounts how, upon surviving the deluge, the god Enlil boarded the boat, touched Utnapishtim and his wife on the forehead and transformed them into gods.   Gilgamesh desires the same for himself.  Utnapisthtim tests Gilgamesh's fortitude by challenging him to go without sleep for a week.  Gilgamesh fails the test.  Unable to conquer sleep, Gilgamesh relents, knowing he is incapable of conquering death.  Utnapishtim tells Gilgamesh of a precious plant at the bottom of the sea capable of restoring youth.  Gilgamesh acquires the plant.  The plant is stolen by a snake.  Gilgamesh returns to Uruk without eternal life.Join us for this episode and visit us on the web at theancienttradition.com and www.youtube.com/@theancienttradition for more amazing comparative religion.

Hidden within the poetic verses of the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the world's oldest religious texts, are indispensable clues to the nature and origin of the world's earliest religious tradition- "The Ancient Tradition".  Once you've given Tablet IX a listen, turn your ear to our sister podcast, "The Ancient Tradition", where we reveal striking similarities in the ancient record- myths, cosmologies, theologies, and sacred writings- which point to an original, pure religion in deep antiquity.  Is it the true religion?  If so, you are in for the theological adventure of a lifetime.In this audio recording of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet IX, King Gilgamesh, upon Enkidu's death, wanders the earth in search of Utnapishtim, who guards the secret of immortality.  Upon reaching Mount Musha, Gilgamesh encounters a scorpion-man whose charge is to guard the passage under the mountain.  The scorpion-man grants Gilgamesh passage.  Gilgamesh races through twelve sets of double doors and arrives in Dilmun, the Garden of the Gods, a garden of jeweled trees.Join us for this episode and visit us on the web at theancienttradition.com and www.youtube.com/@theancienttradition for more amazing comparative religion.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 741, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Sports Nicknames 1: "Shaq". Shaquille O'Neal. 2: "The Brown Bomber" of boxing. Louis. 3: "Papa Bear". George Halas. 4: It's not really important, but the last player to be picked in the NFL draft is given this nickname. Mr. Irrelevant. 5: The Ice Manof 1970s tennis. (Bjorn) Borg. Round 2. Category: Mythellaneous 1: The mythical Sumerian hero Utnapishtim built a big vessel at God's urging and thereby survived this catastrophe. a flood. 2: 2 offspring that Poseidon and Medusa may have produced are the giant Chrysaor and this winged horse. Pegasus. 3: The first 3 ports of call of this ship were Lemnos, Samothrace and Cyzicus. Argo. 4: In Zuni myth, a kachina named Paiyatemu attracted these colorfully winged insects when she played the flute. butterflies. 5: Riding this winged horse made it possible for Bellerophon to approach and kill the chimera. Pegasus. Round 3. Category: Games Of Chance 1: In craps, it's a hardway roll of six. double threes. 2: Play Honeymoon In Vegas or anywhere and you're playing a variation of this card game. Bridge. 3: In blackjack you can only make an insurance bet if the dealer's up card is one of these. Ace. 4: Jimmy the Greek defined it as a place "where the windows clean you". Racetrack. 5: In bingo the "B" numbers run 1-15; the "O" numbers run from 61 to this. 75. Round 4. Category: Masks 1: This hero first donned his mask in the 1919 story "The Curse of Capistrano". Zorro (Don Diego de la Vega). 2: The Medico de la Peste mask was originally worn in the 17th century by a doctor treating victims of this bubonic contagion. the Black Plague. 3: Among the men who wore their own distinct styles of these were Rogatien Vachon and Tony Esposito. hockey goalie masks. 4: These 2 antonymic forms of theater are symbolically represented by masks. comedy and tragedy. 5: This Dumas novel suggests that the prisoner is actually the twin brother of Louis XIV. The Man in the Iron Mask. Round 5. Category: Innovations 1: This handheld lens is one of Mr. Wizard's 10 most significant inventions of the last millennium. Magnifying glass. 2: 1893:Fashion fastener. a zipper. 3: Rubber sink plugs and drainboard mats were innovations by this company with "Rubber" in its name. Rubbermaid. 4: Big construction projects often include Francois Hennebique's reinforced type of this building material. Concrete. 5: 1852: Otis' okay origination. an elevator. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia! Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/

Today we have the opportunity to sit down with Cameron Kerkau to learn more about Gilgamesh: Eternal #1-2 and his experience creating #indiecomics! Be sure to check the links below to stay in touch with his future works! "The world's first story continues in the world's greatest storytelling medium. The Epic of Gilgamesh is the world's oldest story, dating back almost five millennia. But Gilgamesh's dilemma is something that remains relevant to us all today, and always will. How can you live peacefully after you've been truly confronted by your own mortality? Gilgamesh: Eternal is a reimagining of The Epic of Gilgamesh as a fantasy-action comic written by Cameron Kerkau with art by Kostas Pantoulas (IRWIN ALLEN'S LOST IN SPACE: THE LOST ADVENTURES, FREAK SNOW: WASHED IN BLOOD) and letters by Mira Mortal (DOLL ISLAND, MADE UP: ZOMBIE CLOWN CIRCUS). Gilgamesh the God-King is not what he once was. In the wake of the Goddess Inanna's meddling, his city is shattered and his lover, Enkidu, has fallen. Broken, Gilgamesh ventures deep into the unknown wilderness in search of Utnapishtim, the Immortal. For Enkidu was his equal and exact opposite, and if Enkidu can be killed - what does that mean for Gilgamesh? Meanwhile, Shamhat, the high priestess to Inanna and the closest companion of Gilgamesh, is elected King Regent of Uruk in his absence. A political pawn amidst gods, Shamhat must navigate celestial ambitions while campaigning for peace amongst her people.." ZOOP - https://zoop.gg/c/gilgamesheternal --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Instagram - https://instagram.com/CamKerkau Twitter - https://twitter.com/CamKerkau --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To stay up to date with my content creation as well as my day-to-day thoughts, feel free to follow my Twitter - https://twitter.com/keepingitgeekly For single-issue breakdowns and more be sure to visit my TikTok over at https://tiktok.com/keepingitgeekly Be sure to drop by my Twitch channel where I live stream every Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday at 11 PM EST https://twitch.tv/job_for_a_cody My personal Discord -https://discord.gg/vg9zEyKt Intro Music - https://twitter.com/PersyThePianist | http://linktr.ee/PersyNotes Background Music - [FREE] Kota The Friend Type Beat - "Laid Back" - Kota https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QIY19VZa3FY&t=83s --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/keepingitgeekly/support

Guest: Lily First: the world's oldest known wisdom literature, in the form of a series of proverbs delivered from the eponymous Shuruppak (king of Shuruppak) to his son Zi-ud-sura (alias Utnapishtim, the Noah figure from the Sumerian flood myth). Only insults and stupid speaking receive the attention of the Land! Then we visit the city of Shuruppak, in central Sumer. After a quick look at its early administration during the Jemdet Nasr and "Archaic" periods, we introduce the Fara period (roughly 2600-2450 BCE), a phase in the development of cuneiform writing that more or less corresponds to the Early Dynastic IIIA period. Most importantly, we have literature now!  Then, we look at Shuruppak's place in the world, including the copious evidence for intensive trade with the broader region. What was its relation to the "city league"? Was it part of the kingdom of Kish? Who destroyed Shuruppak, and why? Then: more proverbs from Shuruppak of Shuruppak. You should not beat a farmer's son; he has constructed your embankments and ditches! Questions? Feedback? Email us at drumbeatforeverafter@gmail.com. Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @drumbeatforever Works cited

The Ninevite version of the epic begins with a prologue in praise of Gilgamesh, part divine and part human, the great builder and warrior, knower of all things on land and sea. In order to curb Gilgamesh's seemingly harsh rule, the god Anu causes the creation of Enkidu, a wild man who at first lives among animals. Soon, however, Enkidu is initiated into the ways of city life and travels to Uruk, where Gilgamesh awaits him. Tablet II describes a trial of strength between the two men in which Gilgamesh is the victor; thereafter, Enkidu is the friend and companion (in Sumerian texts, the servant) of Gilgamesh. In Tablets III–V the two men set out together against Huwawa (Humbaba), the divinely appointed guardian of a remote cedar forest, but the rest of the engagement is not recorded in the surviving fragments. In Tablet VI Gilgamesh, who has returned to Uruk, rejects the marriage proposal of Ishtar, the goddess of love, and then, with Enkidu's aid, kills the divine bull that she sends to destroy him. Tablet VII begins with Enkidu's account of a dream in which the gods Anu, Ea, and Shamash decide that Enkidu must die for slaying the bull. Enkidu then falls ill and dreams of the “house of dust” that awaits him. Gilgamesh's lament for his friend and the state funeral of Enkidu are narrated in Tablet VIII. Afterward, Gilgamesh makes a dangerous journey (Tablets IX and X) in search of Utnapishtim, the survivor of the Babylonian Flood, in order to learn from him how to escape death. When he finally reaches Utnapishtim, Gilgamesh is told the story of the Flood and is shown where to find a plant that can renew youth (Tablet XI). But after Gilgamesh obtains the plant, it is seized and eaten by a serpent, and Gilgamesh returns, still mortal, to Uruk. An appendage to the epic, Tablet XII, relates the loss of objects called pukku and mikku (perhaps “drum” and “drumstick”) given to Gilgamesh by Ishtar. The epic ends with the return of the spirit of Enkidu, who promises to recover the objects and then gives a grim report on the underworld.

Become a producer and get your name mentioned on the show! Sign up at www.themidnighttrainpodcast.com   The Grim Reaper Nothing in life is guaranteed, except for death and taxes, as the old adage goes. We boldly circle April 15th  in red on our calendars so that it stands out like a swollen thumb. Of course, there is also the Internal Revenue Service here in the US, which has taken in over 3 trillion dollars in taxes from over 250 million taxpayers and felt that we aren't paying enough and hired 87,000 more agents and gave them powers much like a government police force including lethal force. But we don't need to be on that soap box today.    What about death, though? The other certainty of being human is, for most of us, not quite as certain. Biologists define death as the complete cessation of all life processes, which eventually take place in all living organisms. Sadly, that description doesn't provide a clear picture. It doesn't describe what death feels like. How will you feel then? How will it look? What are our plans? Where are we headed?   The embodiment of death in a black robe and scythe in hand, the Grim Reaper, enters. We all know of this deity and its so-called motivations. It approaches everyone while watching for the last sand particle to fall, holding an hourglass in its hand. When that happens, it cuts the soul free with a razor-sharp slice that it has perfected over time. Although it may not be a pretty picture, it is distinct and obvious.   Putting a human face on the idea of death is ultimately the Grim Reaper's "job." But why did people feel the need to give the Grim Reaper such a gloomy appearance? Why not turn him into a welcoming and useful tour guide for the underworld? Why must he also be a man, for that matter?   We'll examine the Grim Reaper's history, the symbolism attached to his appearance, and how he's portrayed in other cultures. We'll also look at how the Reaper has been depicted in literature, film, and art. When we're done, you'll understand the identity of the Grim Reaper, his methods, and most crucially, the reason for his existence (should you see him prowling around your deathbed).   As Lewis Carroll once said, it's best to begin at the beginning. And for the Grim Reaper, the beginning can be found in the creation myths present in all cultures.   Death itself must exist before the Grim Reaper, a personification of death, can exist. Humans were initially formed as immortal creatures who descended from their level of perfection in almost all civilizations and religions. The Bible's most famous example is the story of Adam and Eve's fall. The Book of Genesis claims that God made Adam and Eve to care for the world He had made and to help populate it. The Garden of Eden was a paradise where the first man and woman resided. Adam was instructed by God to tend to the garden and gather fruit from all the trees, with the exception of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Unfortunately, Eve was duped into eating the fruit by Satan, who was speaking via a serpent. She then gave Adam the fruit, who consumed it as well despite being aware that it was wrong. Adam and Eve died physically and spiritually as a result of defying God.   In other religions, people were formed as mortals who made valiant attempts to become immortal but failed. This tale is told in The Epic of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh, a character from Mesopotamian literature, was the progeny of a goddess and a human ruler. Gilgamesh, however, was still a mortal being, just like his closest buddy Enkidu. When Enkidu passes away, the great hero is troubled by the idea of dying and embarks on a mission to become immortal. He meets Utnapishtim, a man who has been granted eternal life by the gods, during his travels. Gilgamesh is promised immortality by Utnapishtim if he can last a week without sleeping. Gilgamesh eventually nods off, but Utnapishtim still gives him a plant that can restore its owner's health. Any hopes Gilgamesh had of becoming eternal are dashed when the plant is devoured by a hungry snake on the way home.   Gilgamesh returns home in the mythology of Mesopotamia and joyfully accepts his life as a mortal man. But most people aren't that laid back. The thought of our own mortality disturbs us. Everything we accomplish is constantly plagued by the shadow of death. Research supports this. According to a 2022 survey, 20% of Americans over the age of 50 experience anxiety when they consider their afterlife. 53 percent of respondents think ghosts or spirits exist, and 73 percent think there is life after death.   Undoubtedly, and as it has been for thousands of years, what happens to us as we die, as well as what occurs after we die, is a huge issue. Humans use a tried-and-true strategy: they give death a form they are familiar with in order to make sense of dying and mortality. As a result, a vague, invisible phenomenon becomes a concrete, observable phenomenon. You can comprehend death if you see a familiar face in it. Better yet, if you can put your anxieties aside and perceive death as a kind, gentle face.   It can, of course, also go the other way. Looking at death might reveal a frightful countenance. The terrifying visage of the Grim Reaper arose following a particularly trying period in human history, as we'll discover in the following section.   Why not give death a kind face if you're going to give it a human one? The Greeks adopted that strategy and gave death the name Thanatos. Hypnos, the deity of sleep, and his twin brother Thanatos were both shown as attractive, young males. Thanatos is depicted in some images as having wings and a put out flame. He had the responsibility of going to Hades, the Greek underworld, with the deceased. There, Charon, the ferryman on the River Styx, would receive the souls from Thanatos. In this interpretation, death is lovely and beneficial rather than fearful and ugly.   There are also feminine variations of death. The Valkyries were depicted as stunning young women in Norse mythology who carried soldiers' souls to their afterlife as well as acting as messengers for Odin. In actuality, the word "Valkyries" refers to "slain's choosers." They would ride on winged horses during battle and pick intrepid soldiers to perish by scouting the battlefield. They would then deliver these spirits to Odin's realm, Valhalla. The valiant spirits were recruited to participate in the terrible struggle known as Ragnarok after they reached the afterlife.   The Valkyries are comparable to angels, who serve as a spiritual bridge between God and people. Angels provide messages to mankind or defend them in some myths. In other tales, they converse with the dead and torture the sinners. Many religions and civilizations feature the Angel of Death, a spirit that removes a person's soul from the body at the moment of death. In Judeo-Christian tradition, the archangels Michael and Gabriel have served as death angels. The Islamic Angel of Death known as Azrael can occasionally be seen as a terrifying ghost with eyes and tongues covering every inch of his body. Every soul in the world has a birth and a death recorded in a vast ledger that Azrael keeps updated.   By the Middle Ages, the Angel of Death had been conceptually ingrained in both European religion and culture. But in the latter half of the 14th century, an epidemic occurrence changed how the common person perceived and reacted to death. The plague of the Middle Ages, one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, was that occurrence. The initial plague outbreak claimed at least 25 million lives, while subsequent plague outbreaks that recurred for centuries resulted in millions more deaths [source: National Geographic]. Fear swept the entire continent: fear of death, fear of an unknown epidemic, fear of the agony of the disease's late stages, when the skin on a victim's extremities grew black and gangrenous. All activities were characterized by a morbid atmosphere, which also had an impact on the period's writers and painters.   Unsurprisingly, skeletons started to represent death in artwork at this time. In reality, the skeletal form of death was frequently depicted in a similar manner by painters. He was frequently pictured with a crossbow, dart, or other weapon. These tools would eventually give way to the scythe, a mowing instrument with a long, curved blade attached at an angle to a long handle. Many artworks depicted the hereafter chopping down souls like grain by swinging its scythe through a throng of humanity. A young woman would occasionally stand at the grave to serve as a reminder of the connection between life and death. The idea that death might communicate with the living and lure them into the hereafter was another prevalent one. Due of this, skeletons are depicted dancing and having fun with people from all walks of life in the Dance of Death, also known as Danse Macabre.   These post-plague images of death led to the creation of the Grim Reaper. We'll look at the significance of his form and physique on the following page.   The Grim Reaper is an incredibly symbolic figure. When he eventually arrives, the items he is carrying and even the clothes he is wearing will reveal something about his character and his objectives. Let's examine some of the symbolism one symbol at a time.   Skeletons and skulls. It was common to observe piles of decaying bodies as the disease spread through Europe and Asia. One in five Londoners perished during the Great Plague of London, which struck the city between 1665 and 1666 [source: National Geographic]. Given how common death and dying are, it is reasonable that artists and illustrators started to represent death in the form of a corpse or skeleton. The skeleton figure serves as a metaphor for the decomposition of human flesh—what remains after worms and maggots have done their dirty work. It also feeds into one of the biggest concerns that people have: the dread of annihilation.   Black cloak. Black has long been connected to loss and gloom. Funeral attendees dress in black, and black hearses are used to transport the deceased. Black, however, is frequently associated with bad energies. The Reaper exudes mystery and danger thanks to his dark cloak. The Reaper hides beneath the shadows of his cloak, playing off our fears of the unknown because the things we can't see worry us just as much as the things we can see.   Scythe. The Reaper is seen clutching arrows, darts, spears, or crossbows in early depictions. These are the tools he use to kill his victim. A scythe eventually took the place of these other tools of killing. A scythe was an implement used for cutting grass or reaping grain. It made sense for this symbol to be put to death in an agricultural community where harvesting in the fall signified the end of a year. Death harvests souls for their passage into the hereafter in a similar manner to how we harvest our crops.   Hourglass. Sand pours from the upper to bottom glass bulb of the traditional hourglass over the course of an hour. It has endured into the digital age as a reminder to be patient as our computer loads a Web page or executes a command because it is such a potent representation of time and how it passes. Additionally, the Grim Reaper holds an hourglass, reminding us that time is running out. Our time is up when the sand is gone. We can only pray that we have more time to live than an hour.   It was so common to see this representation of the Grim Reaper in religious writings. The Book of Revelation in the Bible provides the best illustration. Four horsemen appear in Revelation 6:1–8 to bring about tragedies signifying the end of the world. Pestilence, war, famine, and death are the four horsemen. Only Death is expressly mentioned out of the four. He is seated on a pale horse, which is frequently mistaken for pale green, the hue of illness and decay. Most often, Death is portrayed as the Reaper himself, with a grimacing skull and scythe in hand, ready for the gory labor that lies ahead.   The Grim Reaper is still a popular subject for writers today. We'll examine at a few instances of the Reaper in popular culture in the section that follows.   Without a doubt, the Grim Reaper makes a fantastic character, which explains why he has long been a part of myths and legends. One typical tale, known as the "cheating death" tale, describes a person who tries to deceive the Grim Reaper in order to avoid dying. A well-known illustration is "The Legend of Rabbi Ben Levi" by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Death for the holy man in Longfellow's poem arrives with the somber proclamation, "Lo! the time approaches near/When thou must die." Can I hold the sword of death? the rabbi enquiries. The rabbi receives the weapon from Death, who hurriedly flees and hides until God can step in to save him. Ben Levi is not killed when God appears, but the rabbi is instructed to give the sword back to its rightful owner.   Other influential works, such the Danse Macabre, or Dance of Death, a sort of drama that appeared after the Black Death, have established our contemporary understanding of the Reaper. These plays were intended to help churchgoers accept the certainty of death. A victim's encounter with death, symbolized as a skeleton, was portrayed in the performance, which typically took place in a cemetery or churchyard. The victim makes various justifications for why his life should be saved, but these are rejected, and death eventually follows him away with an entourage of other skeletal creatures. Several German engravers, like Bernt Notke and Hans Holbein, found that the scenes from this play made for interesting themes. These artists' prints depicted dancing skeletons amid people from all social classes as a message that nobody, not even royalty, could avoid death.   Ingmar Bergman's "The Seventh Seal" has had a similar impact on current culture. The 1957 movie is about Antonius Block, a knight who returns from the Crusades to discover that the disease has killed many of his countrymen. Max von Sydow plays Antonius Block in the role. Block is also awaited by Death, who is portrayed by Bengt Ekerot. Having reached a standstill, the knight challenges Death to a game of chess, which Block ultimately loses. The image of Ekerot's Death, a menacing white visage disguised beneath a black cloak, endures so vividly despite the story's unsettling nature.   The Grim Reaper also plays a key role in the following works:   "(Don't Fear) The Reaper," a song released by Blue Öyster Cult in 1976 and now regarded as a rock classic "Because I could not stop for Death," a poem by Emily Dickinson, in which the narrator shares a carriage ride with Death "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens, in which the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, cloaked and skeletal, appears to show Scrooge how he will die The Discworld novels by Terry Pratchett, which feature Death as an ally of mankind The Sandman by Neil Gaiman, a groundbreaking series of comic books in which Death appears as a girl "Death Takes a Holiday," a 1934 film about Death's decision to take a break from his normal business to see what it's like being mortal; a 1998 remake, "Meet Joe Black," starred Brad Pitt in the role of Death. "Scream," a 1996 homage to slasher flicks in which a murderous teen stalks his victims in a Reaper-like costume "Dead Like Me," a Showtime series that explores the lives (or afterlives) of a group of grim reapers who walk among the living   Whether he is funny or terrifying, a man or a woman, the Grim Reaper will probably always be a part of our pop culture diet. The Reaper will calmly wait in the shadows and come for each of us in the end, even if storytellers grow weary of dealing with death and dying.   Lastly, we thought since we are talking about the personification of death, we should also include some theories as to what happens after we die. Let's see how many you, the listeners, agree with; and how many we think are stupid and illogical. Let's begin!   Excretion  The idea that the universe is actually one enormous brain of a higher species has been around for many years. In certain containers, it might be one or more brains. This hypothesis states that the solar system is merely a brain cell. Humans are insignificant components of this cell as well. For that enormous brain, our thousands of millions of years of history occurred in a fraction of a second. Let's examine what it says on life after death. How are our own dead cells handled? They are discarded after being sloughed off. Similar things will happen to us if we are a small piece of a vast mind. That is, the universe will leave our consciousness where it dumps its waste when we pass away. Oh, how disgusting. I am aware that this notion is a little unusual and a little challenging to understand, but that is only because we do not fully understand it.   Just like that, my life became meaningless.   You enter the cosmic consciousness   Life: What is it? Knowing the answer to this question is crucial. We are conscious of our existence and are fully in charge of our own thinking. Only 20 watts of power are required for this by our brain. Most light bulbs use more electricity than that because this power is so low. Biologists are still unable to properly explain how our brain makes every decision so precisely. Our area of expertise is consciousness, but we do not understand its origin. And where does it go after we pass away? In accordance with Sir Roger Penrose and Stuart Hameroff's orchestrated objective reduction theory of the mind, coherent quantum processes in clusters of microtubules within brain neurons are biologically "orchestrated" to produce consciousness. You can imagine this universe as a sea of consciousness, according to this notion. Human mind originates from this place and travels back there once we die. Consciousness connects all things in the cosmos. You can think of it like this: If you think of the universe as a sea, then our consciousness would be a wave. It remains on the ground for some time before going back. The conclusion is that after we die, our consciousness returns to the universe, where it may remain eternally or it may temporarily inhabit another body.   Our consciousness is therefore deeply ingrained in the cosmos and is inherently perplexing.   Being Human Is just One Level   Reincarnation theory holds that after we die, our souls transfer into new bodies, giving rise to a subsequent birth. Dr. Ian Stevenson has studied incarnation and looked into countless instances of young people claiming to have lived before. He established the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia and was an academic psychiatrist. He describes incarnation as the "survival of personality after death" at times. Along with genes and environment, he thinks it can provide a plausible justification for a variety of personality traits, including phobias. However, no one's allegations have been shown to be true. When this notion first emerged, little was understood about the universe's complexity and mysticism. Because of this, they only thought that our spirit may reincarnate in a different body on earth. What if your soul has a different physical body somewhere else in the universe? What if your spirit adopts a shape that we are unaware of rather than moving into a new body? This idea holds that our Souls or conscious entities can travel anyplace in the cosmos. This implies that you could once more be a person, a cool alien, a pointless insect, or something else else. In reality, we have no idea who or what we will be after we no longer exist as humans.   The Universe Ends   Can you demonstrate the reality of this world and the cosmos? The likelihood is that you will affirm and provide the objects and people in your environment with proof. However, according to the solipsistic hypothesis, there is nothing outside of your mind and brain. For you, what you see and hear is accurate, but you can never establish the veracity of the people in your immediate vicinity. Let's use GTA 5 as an example. When you are at a specific location in this game, everything around you is functional. There are other close residents there, so nothing strange is happening to you. What about the locations where you are not? Actually, those places didn't exist back then. According to this hypothesis, there is no other life in the cosmos besides you. Therefore, the universe stops existing after you pass away. That implies that every person you know and love likewise vanishes. Simply said, everything and everyone is a projection of your subconscious mind.   Therefore, take another look at the world and stop griping about pointless things. After all, you are the one who made it all.   Life Starts over again   I'm sure you've experienced this at least once in your life. that a location or person appears familiar to you, despite the fact that you've never been there or interacted with them before. This is known as déjà-vu. What if everything feels familiar? That implies that your life keeps repeating itself? Therefore, it appears that you may be familiar with that location or that individual. Two things could lead to this. First of all, your life is like a movie that never ends. Second: Although your life is repeated, you always have more influence over it. This reminds me a lot of the film Groundhog Day. Obviously, there are some significant differences; in this case, life restarts after death rather than after a day, and you have significantly less influence than in the film. Therefore, have luckier next time, bro. God knows how many times we are experiencing a life (which stinks) without even realizing it is a déjà-vu.   You have successfully entered a loop.   The Dreamer Wakes Up   It's entirely possible that our existence is nothing more than a creature's dream, despite the fact that this may sound like some made-up stories from the 1980s. You must have all had dreams. Only until we wake up do we know that dreams were just illusions. We become unable to distinguish between reality and dreams. Since dreams come from our own subconscious minds, their reality may or may not be in question. Vital Signs: The Nature and Nurture of Passion author Gregg Levoy concurs. And some of the most well-known concepts in the modern world, including Google, the Theory of Relativity, the first periodic table, etc., had their origins in dreams. Thus, it is possible for dreams to be quite real. So it's possible that we wake up in the "actual" world after we pass away. very similar to Inception The subject of what occurs when a dreaming creature passes away now arises. For the time being, there is no clear response to this query. We have no idea if the person who is waking up from sleep is a soul, a human, or something else entirely.   You Get Re-programmed   This hypothesis proposes that our world is a computer simulation. The most prevalent option on this list is this. It's likely that you have heard of this before. Nick Bostrom, an Oxford philosopher, made the initial suggestion in 2003. It contends that either all intelligent species perish before being able to produce an ancestor simulation or choose not to do so for some reason. Or perhaps we are merely acting out a simulation. In the event that we are simulations of our ancestors, our Consciousness is programmed. We play a very small part in the simulation. So, after erasing your memories, our programmer can transport us to a different space and time in the simulation when we pass away. They only need to make a few tweaks as they already have our base code. It is really difficult to foresee what those programmers will perform. They have a wide range of options at their disposal. What a blast?   Our Consciousness Is Unreal   The simulation hypothesis is also related to this notion. Avoid saying, "There are two theories on the same hypothesis." Theo Musk believes that the odds of us actually living in the "true" world are one billion to one. It is completely believable. This side, though, is substantially darker. As your "Consciousness" is merely programming, we lack our own free will. We appear to be operating according to a code. They are free to run or remove your code whenever they wish. They might have entered your code the last time you closed your eyes. While you slept last night, all of your memories were implanted in you. Even though it has only been a few hours, you suddenly believe you have been this person for years. They can also alter or remove your code the next time you go to bed. Depending on what they need, they could simply "remove" you from the simulation or completely change who you are. This reminds me a lot of Westworld. In this case, a fictitious universe is made, and characters are formed with certain duties allocated to them. We all contribute to some larger narratives. By simply adding new memories of a different location and possibly even time to the code, they can change the role of any person according to their needs. Everything you believe yourself to be is merely an illusion. Therefore, all that we are is a collection of 0s and 1s. And we carry out our pre-programmed actions.   We can at least be glad that our life, despite appearing to have no purpose, has helped our creators in some way. Or why did they even decide to make us?   Death Is An Illusion   Humans are the only animals on Earth with understanding of time, in contrast to other animals. We are aware that Time can only advance in units of days, months, or years. But is it really this time of day? The concept of time that we have today was developed by humans. Anything we believe about time could be incorrect. We think that time always flows like a river's stream. It is not required for the Universe to function in the same manner that we perceive time to function. Along with the present, the past and the future also exist in the cosmos, but we are not able to view them. Imagine that consciousness is the projecting light that causes us to see the film and that reality is a film strip. We are unable to notice the light unless a frame is placed in front of it. Its presence, however, cannot be disputed. The same principles govern Time and Reality. The past and future are not visible to us, but they coexist with the present. Three-dimensional space-time surrounds us and binds us. So how does this relate to death? You don't actually die. Death is just a fantasy. Because you are unable to exist in frames where you are dead, you must always exist in frames where you are living. Just that other people think you are dead because this does not hinder ‘their' existence.   Anything is Possible   About what happens after death, we cannot be certain. The many-worlds interpretation hypothesis postulates that there are an almost unlimited number of realities. There are countless parallel universes, each containing every conceivable concept. There is a universe where you are a billionaire, Hillary won the election, and I am reading this essay you wrote. Therefore, in some universes, anything is conceivable after death. Reincarnation occurs in some universes, or heaven and hell exist in some as well. In some universes, after we pass away, we become zombies, whereas in others, we simply pass away. In some alternate universe, all of the aforementioned theories are plausible. We simply don't know what universe we reside in, or perhaps it hasn't been determined yet. You might pass away in the cosmos or theory you hold dear. According to the solipsism theory, your universe will come to an end when you pass away. Anything is possible, after all. 

This one is all about how to think about your story among the stories of ancient literature.Join us to talk abouthow Gilgamesh's convo with "the Faraway" leads us to a pretty familiar story.why so many ancient cultures have a flood story.how to think about your story and comparative literature.all about how the ancients thought about the founding of ancient cities.your mom built an ark, and so did a lot of other folks.a little Mesopotamian cosmology, if you're down tot clown.Anchors away, Utnapishtim!⚓️⚓️⚓️⚓️We hope this discussion of what is ancient makes your tomorrow better!You can find out about all things TEXT AND ROCK by clicking HEREor by heading to www.textandrock.com. Feel free to contact us with comments or questions at info@textandrock.com. We LOVE to hear from you.Be good to each other,Mark and EricJoin the TEXT AND ROCK FACEBOOK GROUP by clicking HERE. For a limited time, join our community and get a free digital press item as a free gift.For Text and Rock Poetry, Podcasts, and Video Content or to contact Mark and Eric, visit us at www.textandrock.com.Want to support the show, experience our best creative work, buy merchandise or give an uncommonly better gift or art and heart? Ha! Head to the TEXT AND ROCK DIGITAL PRESS.

Hey Text and Rockers!This one is all about the randomness the central human question about death and dying.Join us to talk aboutGilgamesh's journey to Utnapishtim, the Mesopotamian Noah character.why humans have to die, gods get to live, and how to pull it forward as a modern.how the danger comes when you try to find a divine reason for sickness or death.Mark's fleeting reflections on the scariest teachers of his childhood.mapping divine spaces/places of gods and monsters, city and wild in any ancient story.human evolution telescoped into character archetype aka Gilgamesh the man-toddler.We come from the land of the ice and snowFrom the midnight sun where the hot springs flow

We're joined by Sharon Hill to look into the vital 1970s question: Was Noah's Ark Real? (And does it disprove Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection?)  spoilers: No and No.  The episode opens with "footage" (re-creations, repurposed footage) of the famous 1889 Flood. The footage in the movie appears to be from a short film called The World that Perished (1977) but we couldn't find a version of that to share.  The 1976 film In Search of Noah's Ark is available (in poor quality) on YouTube.  Nimoy reminds of us the other Ark with this library fashion-alert moment. The episode re-creates the famous "undressing in excitement" story of George Smith discovering the Utnapishtim version of the flood myth.  (Later in the episode we get a better shot of Nimoy in the Library.) We discussed the "Ararat Anomaly" briefly. The many searches for Noah's Ark. Physicist Rainer Berger (1930 - 2003) puts a lot of fake evidence to rest with his radiocarbon dating skills. Creationist Henry Morris "an expert in the flow of water??" Jeb discusses Abzu briefly. The "Creation Research Society" is behind a lot of the content in this episode. The episode calls him "Dr. Clifford Burdick" but he doesn't appear to have actually been a PhD.   Burdick reminded some of us of Reverend Kane from Poltergeist 2. There is some mention of the Younger Dryas - a favorite of Hancockian enthusiasts.   Many cultures around the world have flood myths. Many cultures around the world have floods. There may be some connection?   Discussion of the site called Doggerland. Warm Mineral Springs in Florida. The Black Sea Deluge hypothesis.   Burdick did look a little lost in the desert at one point...

En esta emisión, Pacho O´Donnell rememoró el mito sumerio de Utnapishtim, en el que siglos antes de la cristiandad se narran acontecimientos similares a la leyenda de Noé donde los dioses deciden eliminar a gran parte de la humanidad mediante un diluvio universal. En la segunda parte del programa, Pacho entrevistó al actor Gerardo Otero, uno de los creadores del prestigioso espacio teatral porteño, Timbre 4, quien contó acerca de la apertura de una nueva sede este espacio en Madrid. Otero también relató su experiencia de paternidad mediante vientre subrogado, los proyectos de obras a estrenar, la activad teatral argentina en España y dio detalles de la historia y las actividades de Timbre 4.

The other day I was looking through my collection of Zecharia Sitchin books and that got me to thinking about the Sumerian Flood Myth and how it predates the Biblical Deluge tale by around a thousand years. As I was thinking about this, I slowly began to realize that there are more than just those two tales of a great deluge – there are, in fact, several. The Biblical Deluge tale is no-doubt the best known of them, but did you know that all other tales of a great deluge predate the Bible? Not only that, but there are many other religious tales of some kind of great cataclysm that nearly destroys mankind! The Christian tale of the Great Deluge is just one of them. And that, my friends, is what I will be investigating tonight on ParaReality. First, I'll take a look at some of the Great Deluge tales from various religions, then, in part 2, I'll discuss some of the other great cataclysm tales. To learn more, you'll have to Turn On, Tune In, & Find Out!

Today Hunter talks about catching a catastrophic cold and why guys actually do have worse symptoms. He then goes into religion; please no anger… --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Episode 114 – A Flood of Truth Part 10 – An Ark's Worth of Evidence Part 10 Welcome to Anchored by Truth brought to you by Crystal Sea Books. In John 14:6, Jesus said, “I am the way, the truth, and the life.” The goal of Anchored by Truth is to encourage everyone to grow in the Christian faith by anchoring themselves to the secure truth found in the inspired, inerrant, and infallible word of God. Script/Notes: [God said] Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the rainbow appears in the clouds, I will remember my covenant between me and you and all living creatures of every kind. Never again will the waters become a flood to destroy all life. Genesis, Chapter 9, verses 14 and 15, New International Version ******** VK: Hello. I'm Victoria K welcoming you to another episode of Anchored by Truth. I'm in the studio today with RD Fierro, author and Founder Crystal Sea Books as we wrap up the series we called “A Flood of Truth.” RD, would you like to say a word of greeting and give us a little preview of what we are going to hear about in this final episode of our series? RD: Greetings to all the Anchored by Truth listeners. Well, in our last episode of Anchored by Truth we began our review of a baker's dozen of facts that listeners can rely upon to assure themselves that the Bible's account of Noah and the flood is literal history. We understand that in this day and time that skepticism of the Bible's historicity is widespread. That's one of the biggest reasons we do Anchored by Truth – to help listeners understand that that skepticism is quite often not grounded in evidence or reason. We also understand that one part of the Bible that is frequently attacked by the skeptic is the first few chapters of Genesis – which is of course where we find the story of Noah and the flood – in chapters 6 through 9. That's why we wanted to do this series on Noah – to reexamine the evidence that supports the Bible's historicity. So, in our wrap-up we're going back over 13 data points that listeners can absorb quickly and easily to assure themselves that the Bible's account of Noah, the ark, and the flood is trustworthy. VK: And by extension that other parts of Genesis – and the entire Bible for that matter – are equally trustworthy. We know that a lot, probably most, of the listeners do trust the Bible. But we also know that in today's world people are often so overwhelmed with the details of life that it can be hard for them to find time to assemble the facts and evidence that can reinforce their faith in the Bible. That's what we want to do on Anchored by Truth. We want to look at the Bible – and many of the criticisms that are directed against it from the standpoint of an honest layman. And we want to find out whether a reasoned analysis of available evidence supports the Bible's truth claims or the critic's. When people do so we think that they find that evidence from a wide variety of disciplines provides overwhelming support of the Bible's trustworthiness RD: Yes. So last time we went through the first 7 of our baker's dozen of data points. Today we want to go through the last 6 data points. VK: So, just as a brief review the first 3 data points are that the Bible's description of the ark show that the ark had the size and strength to carry a huge cargo of animals, their food, and Noah's family. Even when you use conservative estimates the ark had the capacity to transport at least 19,000 sheep sized animals. Also, the ark's 6-to-1 ratio of length to width is the same basic design proportion used for modern, ocean going vessels so it could be expected to be stable even in rough waters. And, third, the interior and exterior coating of pitch not only sealed the ark against leaks but also improved its impact resistance against collisions with debris. Especially during the earliest parts of the flood the wind and waves would have been tossing huge amounts of vegetation being torn off the sinking lands. RD: Exactly. And data point 4 is that even the incidental details mentioned in the instructions given to Noah make sense. The opening below the roof would have helped manage the heat load and the 3 decks made sense from the standpoint of both cargo capacity and load management. VK: And data points 5, 6, and 7 have to do with the fact that there is abundant geological evidence that at one time there was water covering the surface of the entire globe and that that water moved enormous volumes of sediment and earth in exactly the way you would expect in the Biblical flood. Marine fossils are found in a limestone layer just below the summit of Mount Everest. There are layers of sedimentary rock found on every continent on earth and some of these layers are hundreds of feet thick and extend over thousands of miles. Finally, many geologists such as J. Harlan Bretz who is a recipient of the Geological Society of America's highest award acknowledge that there are canyons on many continents that were not carved gradually through the slow erosion of a particular river. Instead, they were carved suddenly, catastrophically by floods of unimaginable proportions. RD: Exactly. So, those are 7 of our 13 data points that listeners can return to when they hear assertions that the Bible's flood story is just a fictional morality tale. Data point 8 is that the earth's fossil beds contain abundant evidence of a past, sudden catastrophe that caused an immediate burial of both marine and land creatures. For instance, here is an exquisitely preserved fossil of an extinct marine reptile called an ichthyosaur. The mother ichthyosaur is shown having almost completed giving birth to a live infant—the beak of the young reptile is still inside mother's birth canal. If you find a fossil of an isolated tooth or shell, for example, it is not possible to say how quickly or slowly it formed. But there are countless examples of fossils like this one concerning which it is obvious that long time-spans could not have been involved. In this case, not only is the fossil exquisitely preserved, but the fact that mother and infant are 'trapped' in a not-yet-completed birth process makes it profoundly clear that both were rapidly overwhelmed by catastrophic burial, consistent with the world flood of Noah's day. It is, of course, not feasible that mother just lay on the bottom of the ocean floor giving birth for thousands of years while being slowly covered up by accumulating sediments! Unlike many other reptiles, ichthyosaurs gave birth to live young. This means that if the birth had been completed the youngster would have immediately gone to the surface for its first breath. VK: That's certainly a dramatic example that, at some point in the earth's past history, vast quantities of sediment were being swirled around in the oceans. If the bodies of the dead animals that became fossils had been exposed for any length of time fossils wouldn't have formed at all. So, fossils like that which have features so beautifully preserved must have been buried and hardened before they could be damaged by scavengers or decay. Is that the only fossil evidence that demonstrates the earth was subjected to a massive flood that covered the entire surface? RD: Definitely not. So, data point 9 is that there are large fossil beds that contain mixtures of marine animals and land animals. Since it is unlikely that these kinds of animals would have lived in close proximity to one another during life, their burial together suggests they were swept up in a common catastrophe and quickly deposited under a thick layer of protective sediment. The fact that marine and land animals were all quickly buried together strongly suggests the burial took place underwater. For instance, one of the richest fossil discoveries ever was made near a huge deposit of coal basin near Autun in France. Some of the fossils discovered in this deposit were saltwater marine creatures. Some were definitely freshwater dwellers (e.g. amphibious), and some were definitely land creatures such as spiders, scorpions, millipedes other insects and reptiles. This kind of mixing of creatures from widely separated regions could easily have occurred when the creatures were brought together by ultra-massive flooding. VK: And this kind of fossil bed where land and sea creatures are mixed isn't limited to that bed. Fossils discovered in Hell Creek rock formation in Montana contained not only the largest ever T. rex fossil but also the teeth of various species of small marine sharks. The T. rex fossil also contained intact soft tissue and protein. The discovery of soft tissue that was still “soft and stretchy” and intact proteins really poses a problem for the hypothesis that dinosaurs lived tens of millions of years ago. Even the chief of the team that first discovered the intact soft tissue, Dr. Mary Schweitzer has admitted there is no known way soft tissue could be intact after tens of millions of years. They also discovered proteins such as collagen, hemoglobin, osteocalcin, and tubulin. These are complex molecules that continually tend to break down to simpler ones. All of these discoveries are perfectly consistent with dinosaurs being around in Noah's time and the fossils being created by a worldwide flood. RD: Right. And data point 10 is that there are other features on the earth that point out at some time in the past there was a huge hydrological event that created vast deposits of vegetation that would be extremely hard to explain in any other way. In Australia there's an enormous coal deposit called the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures. The coal seams there occur within thick layers of clay, sand and basaltic lava, which together form a 2,300-foot sequence of rocks. These lie in a large, deep depression, called a ‘basin', shaped like a triangle that's almost 200 miles wide and long. Most of the basin lies under the ocean off the southern coast of Australia. Offshore the coal measures are estimated to be almost 3 miles thick. Latrobe Valley coal consists of a mass of very fine plant debris containing partly-decomposed plant remains. It is clear that a great quantity of plant material accumulated in the past to produce such huge deposits of coal. A worldwide, catastrophic flood is the easiest explanation for how so much vegetation could have accumulated in this pattern in one place. VK: But, of course, there are geologists who believe that a Biblical flood didn't cause the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures, aren't there. Some geologists believe that the coal deposits were created by an enormous swamp where plants just grew for hundreds of thousands of years and as they died they gradually accumulated in layers deep enough to form the coal. They say that the vegetation accumulated as peat in a swamp during ideal climatic and geologic conditions. They say the swamps formed on floodplains near the coast, which were slowly sinking and eventually inundated by the ocean. Isn't that a possibility? RD: It's a possibility but there are problems with this explanation. First, there is no sign of soil under the coal, as there would be if the vegetation grew and accumulated in a swamp. Instead, the coal rests on a thick layer of clay and there is contact edge between the coal and clay is so clean it could be a knife edge This kaolin clay is so pure that it could be used for high-class pottery. Furthermore, there are no roots penetrating the clay. Second, not only is there no soil, but the vegetation found in the coal is not the kind that grows in swamps today. Instead, it is mostly the kind that is found in mountain rainforests. The best match for the mix of vegetation in the coal occurs in the mountains of the western half of the island of New Guinea some 4,000–7,000 feet above sea level. Similar vegetation is also found in the mountains in Australia, Malaysia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. The kinds of plants that make up the coal did not grow in a swamp on a floodplain. Third, within the coal seams are pollen-rich layers up to 20 inches thick. It makes sense that the pollen was washed there by water, because flowing water would sort vegetation into its different components. The idea that such huge pollen-rich layers could gradually accumulate in a coastal swamp over long periods of time does not make sense. Finally, when the brown coal burns, it leaves hardly any ash behind. The ash produced from most of these coals ranges from 1.5–5%, which is less than the 3–18% ash in typical peat. The low ash is consistent with the vegetation being transported and washed by water, not with lying in a swamp for tens of thousands of years. Then there are a number of distinct volcanic ash layers that run horizontally through the coal. If the vegetation had grown in a swamp, these distinct ash layers would not be there. After each volcanic eruption, the volcanic texture of the ash would have been obliterated when the swamp plants recolonized the ash, turning it into soil. VK: And the Latrobe Valley Coal Measures is not the only feature we see on the face of the earth that points to a massive flood as its cause. But it's one that is easy to think about concretely and absorb readily. And listeners who would like to study this point more thoroughly can go to creation.com which is the website for Creation Ministries International. So, what is data point 11? RD: Data point 11 is that we see genetic evidence of the flood in the composition of the human population that's currently living on the earth. We can see this through what is known as mitochondria DNA. This is a limited set of DNA that is not found in a cell's nucleus but in the organelle that is the more-or-less the power plant of the cell which is called the mitochondrion. Mitochondria DNA is generally inherited only from our mothers. As such the mitochondria DNA distribution of the world's population can give us insight into our female ancestors. Well, genetic studies have shown that there are three main mitochondria lines of DNA present around the world. Evolutionists refer to these lines as “M,” “N,” and “R.” Evolutionists were surprised at the lack of diversity present in the mitochondrial lines but this evidence is entirely consistent with the Bible's flood account. VK: Yes. It's important to remember that all the people living today are descendants of Noah's 3 sons and their wives. So, the lines of mitochondrial DNA that would be present could only have come from one of the four women on the ark: Noah's wife or his 3 daughters-in-law. But the Bible never tells us that Noah had any daughters – only sons. Noah's sons would not have contributed to the mitochondrial descent lines. So, it reasonable to conclude that the 3 main mitochondrial DNA lines we see present on the earth today trace back to Noah's 3 daughters-in-law. Again, this is observational evidence that is consistent with the Bible's flood account. Listeners who would like to investigate this subject further should visit creation.com where there are several good articles on mitochondrial DNA or there's a discussion of the flood effect on mitochondrial DNA in chapter 19 of Dr. Jonathan Sarfati's commentary on Genesis called The Genesis Account. So, data point 11 is that even human genetics points out that at one point in the past there was a something that caused a bottleneck in the population. This bottleneck resulted in the preservation of three primary lines of mitochondrial DNA. And one simple explanation for how that happened is provided by the Bible's flood account. So, what about data point 12? RD: Data point 12 is what I call “the story of the story.” With any event as catastrophic as the Biblical flood you would expect the generation that experienced the event and the succeeding generations to repeat the story over and over. But of course, when the story is repeated it won't always remain the same. It will grow, be embellished, or just repeated erroneously. And that's what we see with the flood story. Some observers have counted almost 200 different variants on the flood story around the world and just about every culture on earth has one. VK: What are some of the best known of variants? RD: As we mentioned in our last episode, one of the best known of the variants and probably the one that most closely tracks the Biblical account is the Babylonian flood narrative. In the Babylonian narrative their Noah is called Utnapishtim. Utnapishtim is warned by a friendly god in advance that a great flood is coming and orders him to build an ark to save not only his own family but also a group of representative animals. The ark finally grounds on a mountain named Nisir in a mountain range northeast of Babylon. VK: But as we also mentioned last time, the design of Utnapishtim's ark reveals that the Biblical account is far more reasonable. In the Babylonian account the ark Utnapishtim built was a perfect cube with six decks. It goes without saying that - in complete opposition to the stability of the Biblical ark - a cube-shaped vessel would roll and capsize quite easily in open waters. Such a vessel could never have remained upright in the roiling seas that would have been present in the initial flood conditions. RD: Yes, and that same kind of lack of reasonability marks the other flood legends. An Ojibwa Indian legend from around Lake Superior tells of a great snow that fell one September at the beginning of time. A bag contained the sun's heat until a mouse nibbled a hole in it. The warmth spilled over, melting the snow and producing a flood that rose above the tops of the highest pines. Everyone drowned except for an old man who drifted about in his canoe rescuing animals. There is another Native American tribe, the Havasupai, attributes the Grand Canyon's carving to a catastrophic flood down the Colorado River that occurred when the god Ho-ko-ma-ta unleashed a tremendous rainstorm. A more benevolent god, Pu-keh-eh, put his daughter in a hollowed-out log to save her from the monstrous current. After the flood receded, she crawled out and became mother of all humanity. VK: So, it's easy to see that these kind of legends contain mythological elements that are quite different from the reserved and historical character of the Biblical account. Ok. What about your 13th data point? RD: My 13th data point is that the ice age is a good case where the Biblical flood account makes more sense than the conventional explanation. The Bible says that the cause of the flood wasn't just a torrential rain for 40 days but also that the “fountains of the great deep burst open.” Many Biblical geologists agree that this referred to not only underwater volcanoes erupting into the oceans but also subterranean reservoirs of extremely hot water also being injected into the oceans. This activity would have formed the ideal conditions for an ice age to develop. The ocean's temperature would have risen. Warm water evaporates more quickly than cool water so there would have been abundant precipitation for an extended period. At the same time, the volcanic ash that would have entered the atmosphere would have reflected sunlight producing a protracted period of colder weather. This would have been a perfect condition to allow ice sheets to form over the land in the upper parts of the northern hemisphere and Antarctica. The cooler temperatures in the summer would have reduced the glacial melt allowing the glaciers to gradually extend to the limits that are now evident. VK: But, of course, this isn't the only possible explanation for how the extensive glaciers of the Ice Age could have formed, is it? Non-Christian geologists believe that change in the tilt of the earth's axis may have produced extended periods of colder temperature – conceivably up to thousands or even tens of thousands of years. RD: That is another possible explanation for the Ice Age but the kind of changes proposed in the earth's orbital geometry have too small an effect. And if the earth had cooled in this way it would have become much drier. There would have been less evaporation from gradually cooling oceans, not more. This would interfere with snow development and the formation of the enormous ice sheets which all scientists agree once existed. By some calculations the air would have been as much as 60% drier in the proposed scenario – which is pretty much a fatal problem for the recurrent precipitation/freeze/accumulation cycle that would have been required. This is why the Ice Age is a major challenge for secular scientists. There are over 60 ideas (theories) on the origin of the Ice Age. That is why David Alt who is a professor of geology at the University of Montana, stated: “Although theories abound, no one really knows what causes ice ages.” VK: So, all 13 of these data points – plus a great many more that we didn't have time to cover in this series – points out the conclusion is that the Bible's flood account is consistent with scientific observations of the earth and life on the earth. And for anyone who would like to investigate this topic more thoroughly we are including several helpful links to the podcast notes that will be available through most major podcast apps. We would also recommend visiting the website for Creation Ministries International at creation.com. Do you have any final thoughts for today? RD: Yes. We are well aware that a great many people do not agree with the conclusions that we have reached during our Flood of Truth series. But one thing I would point out is that a worldwide flood as described by the Bible points to a clear and straightforward explanation for all of the phenomena that we have discussed. If you dismiss the historicity of the flood account you have to come up with another explanation and very often these explanations are only plausible, at best, for one or two of the phenomena but not the others. The Bible's explanation clearly, easily, and straightforwardly accounts for them all. VK: People need to study these subjects and make up their own minds. But as we've set so often, approaching these topics through a lens that rejects the Bible's historicity is not more scientific than a lens that accepts the reliability of the Bible. Bible critics may doubt the Bible but their doubt is just that - doubt. Doubt is not evidence. Sounds to me like a good time for a prayer. Today let's listen to a prayer for the upcoming celebration of American independence – the fourth of July. ---- PRAYER FOR FOURTH OF JULY We hope you'll be with us next time and we hope you'll take some time to encourage some friends to tune in too, or listen to the podcast version of this show. If you'd like to hear more, try out crystalseabooks.com where “We're not famous but our Boss is!” (Bible Quote from the New International Version) Genesis, Chapter 9, verses 14 and 15, New International Version https://creation.com/topics/global-flood https://activechristianity.org/6-unbelievably-good-reasons-to-read-your-bible https://considerthegospel.org/2014/03/28/the-noah-controversy-could-that-flood-have-happened/ How could Noah get all the animals on the Ark? - creation.com Fascinating French fossil find - creation.com Hell Creek Formation supports the Bible - creation.com What caused Ice Age - creation.com Marine Fossils on Mount Everest - Media Center - creation.com Also, consult Chapters 17 through 20 of “The Genesis Account” by Dr. Jonathan Sarfati available from creation.com.

Episode 109 – A Flood of Truth Part 5 – The Story of the Story Welcome to Anchored by Truth brought to you by Crystal Sea Books. In John 14:6, Jesus said, “I am the way, the truth, and the life.” The goal of Anchored by Truth is to encourage everyone to grow in the Christian faith by anchoring themselves to the secure truth found in the inspired, inerrant, and infallible word of God. Script/Notes: God said to Noah and his sons: I am giving you my blessing. Have a lot of children and grandchildren, so people will live everywhere on this earth. … Noah and his sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, left the boat. Ham later had a son named Canaan. All people on earth are descendants of Noah's three sons. The Book of Genesis, chapter 9, verses 1 and 18 and 19. Contemporary English Version ******** VK: Hello. I'm Victoria K welcoming you to another episode of Anchored by Truth. I'm in the studio today with RD Fierro, author and Founder Crystal Sea Books. Today we're going to continue our discussion about Noah and the flood that's described in chapters 6 through 9 of the book of Genesis. We've been talking about Noah for a few episodes now – in part because the story is so well known. But despite the story being so well known, the story is quite often misunderstood. RD, would you like to say hello to the Anchored by Truth audience and give us a quick overview of some of what we've been talking about? RD: Sure and hello to all the Anchored by Truth listeners. Let's start by reminding everyone that the Bible treats the story of Noah as literal history. As you mentioned the story of Noah is often misunderstood in popular culture today. Frequently, the story is either regarded as just another ancient myth at worst or a sort of allegorical morality tale at best. But that‘s not at all how the Bible presents the story. The Bible is clear that at one time, over 4,000 years ago, widespread wickedness in the world made it necessary for God to destroy almost all of the land life on the earth. And as we heard in our opening scriptures God restarted the human race with Noah, his 3 sons, and their wives. So, that's one big point. At one point in history there was a gigantic bottleneck in the human population of the earth. Therefore, if the story is true, which we certainly believe it is, the effects of that bottleneck should be perceivable genetically today. We're going to talk about that in a second along with another phenomenon that emerged from the flood event. I call this phenomenon the “story of the story.” VK: Hmmm. That sound's slightly mysterious but also intriguing. But before we get too far along into the “story of the story” let's start off by looking at the final part of Crystal Sea's Life Lessons with a Laugh series on Noah. This Life Lesson reinforces the historical reasonability of the ark's design that comes to us from the Bible, especially the fact that the ark was designed with the strength that it would need in a hostile environment. ---- NOAH 5 – Strength in the Storm VK: Hmmm. All that sounds a little intriguing and scary at the same time. Ok. Let's listen to you and Jerry unearthing – so to speak – one more lesson from the story of Noah and the Genesis flood. ---- NOAH 5 – Strength in the Storm VK: Ok. There were two big surprises in that lesson. First, you got Jerry's name right, not once but twice. Second, that you pointed out that a detail as seemingly insignificant as God's direction to coat the ark with pitch actually helps confirm the truth of the entire account. RD: Well, the fact that I got Jerry's name right might be a surprise but the value of adding the pitch to the ark is a detail that many others have noted. There's a good article that gives more detail about the pitch's role in ship building on creation.com. The article is entitled, aptly enough, “The Pitch for Noah's Ark.” VK: So in the last three Life Lessons we've covered the fact that the Biblical description of the ark makes sense in the real world. As described in the Bible the ark would have had the size to carry the animals and their food. It had the right dimensions to remain stable in rough seas. And the nature of the wood available in Noah's location combined with the coating of pitch would have produced a very strong vessel. All these factors help increase our confidence that Biblical story is a true story. But you said that today you wanted to talk about two things. First, you want to discuss the genetic evidence of the fact that there was at one point in history a major bottleneck in the human population of the earth. Second, you want to discuss the “story of the story.” What in the world do you mean by that? RD: Well, let's start by thinking about other kinds of stories especially the kind that old guys like me like to tell. VK: Uh, oh. This is starting to sound scary too… RD: Not really. You'll like this illustration. Let's suppose that there's a high school athlete – we'll call him Jermajesty – who was a baseball player and one year Jermajesty's hits a single that drives home the winning run. His team goes on to make it to the playoffs in part due to that win. That's the kind of story that Jermajesty would likely repeat many times during the rest of his life, right? VK: Well, if Jermajesty is like you … RD: Exactly. If Jermajesty is like a lot of us he's going to tell that story a lot of times... VK: Every time he meets a new neighbor, goes to the barber… RD: Yeah. The story is going to be repeated a lot. But, will it always be told in the same way? Or will it grow a little over time? VK: You mean by the time Jermajesty is in his 40's now the single has become a double or a triple? RD: Yes. And after Jermajesty's retirement it's now a grand slam. And he hit it with two outs and a full count in the bottom of the 9th. You get the idea. Stories don't always end up where they start out, even when there is a completely true story to begin with. So, it should not be surprising then, with an event as catastrophic as a Biblical flood that as Noah's descendants began to repopulate the earth and move around the flood story would go with them. And over time, as the Noah's children and grandchildren moved, aged, changed, and had children of their own, the original story also moved and changed. Some observers have counted almost 200 different variants on the flood story around the world and just about every culture on earth has one. VK: What are some of the best known of variants? RD: One of the best known of the variants and probably the one that most closely tracks the Biblical account is the Babylonian flood narrative. In the Babylonian narrative their Noah is called Utnapishtim. Utnapishtim is warned by a friendly god in advance that a great flood is coming and orders him to build an ark to save not only his own family but also a group of representative animals. The ark finally grounds on a mountain named Nisir in a mountain range northeast of Babylon. Similar to the Biblical account, Utnapishtim sends out a dove, a swallow, and a raven to check out the conditions. Finally, Utnapishtim and his family are able to emerge where they offer sacrifices to the gods, but in the Babylonian epic the gods are famished because they couldn't receive altar-food while the flood waters were on the earth. VK: Quite a difference from the God of the Bible who is completely self-sufficient and never has need of anything from the hand of men. RD: Yes. Because of the extent of the similarities between the Biblical account and the Babylonian account some observers have suggested that the Biblical account arose from the Babylonian but this seems highly unlikely given some extremely significant differences between the two. VK: Such as? RD: Such as the design of Utnapishtim's ark. In the Babylonian account the ark Utnapishtim built was a perfect cube with six decks. It goes without saying that - in complete opposition to the stability of the Biblical ark - a cube-shaped vessel would roll and capsize quite easily in open waters. Such a vessel could never have remained upright in the roiling seas that would have been present in the initial flood conditions. Any passengers of such a vessel would have likely been beaten to death – literally – even if the vessel itself continued to float. No modern boats from kayaks, canoes, or ocean going vessels ever use a cube as a basic design shape. Furthermore, the Babylonian account contains many dramatic details, but says nothing about specific dates whereas the Biblical account is very specific about the details of time. Noah was 500 before he had children. He was 600 when the flood started. It rained for 40 days and it took 150 days for the water to recede. The ark rested on Mount Ararat on the 17th day of the 7th month. On the 27th day of the 2nd month the earth was dry. It was almost like God was filling in a day-planner with the dates he did things. VK: And even though there is uncertainty about how those dates might translate into the Gregorian calendar we used today, 3,000 plus years ago when Moses first wrote the account those dates would have been well understood. RD: Yes. There is a popular tendency today to doubt the veracity of a historical account if we don't see how it immediately fits into the reference marks we use in our world. If we can't assign a precise Gregorian date to an event some people will deny it could be true, but this obviously makes little or no sense. The Gregorian calendar only started to come into popular use in 1582 and there are still countries that don't use it. When you think about it, the majority of the world's history occurred before our current calendar even took effect. But when it comes to ancient calendars there is some tantalizing confirmation of the Biblical dates from a surprising source. VK: This sounds interesting. RD: It is. Lxtlilxochitl, VK: Easy for you to say. RD: Yeah. No. Not so much. Anyway, Lxtlilxochitl was an Aztec native historian who wrote that the world lasted 1716 years before it was destroyed by a flood. What's fascinating about this is that this figure is only 60 years different from the 1656 years which the Bible gives by addition of the ages in the genealogy presented in Genesis chapter 5. VK: Well, that is a fascinating coincidence if that's what it is. Have you come across any other tantalizing tidbits? RD: There are some truly interesting hints that either the Genesis story or even Noah's name has been preserved in surprising ways around the world. As most people know the traditional Chinese language uses symbols or characters for words as opposed to the way Western written languages use a combination of alphabetic letters to form words. Well, the Chinese character for a large ship is a combination of three radicals which individually mean “boat” or “vessel”, the number “8” and the symbol for “mouths” or “persons.” Remember that the Bible says that eight people were saved from death by the ark: Noah, his three sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth and their wives. This is particularly fascinating because a lot of scholars date the existence of the written Chinese language to the general time frame of twelve hundred or so years before the birth of Christ which is about the time orthodox Christian scholars believe Moses wrote the book of Genesis. Some scholars believe that the Chinese characters predate the existence of a written version of Genesis meaning that the character was derived from another source not an early version of the Biblical book. One distinct possibility is that the Chinese character's origin just harkens back to the original story. With respect to the potential preservation of Noah's name the Hottentots of South America believe they are descended from “Noh.” The Hawaiians report a flood from which only “Nu-u” and his family were saved. VK: Those are intriguing details. But you say that some of the variant flood narratives also point to distinct differences with the Genesis narrative that lend more credence to the historicity of the Biblical one. RD: Yes, just a couple of quick examples before we close for today. An Ojibwa Indian legend from around Lake Superior tells of a great snow that fell one September at the beginning of time. A bag contained the sun's heat until a mouse nibbled a hole in it. The warmth spilled over, melting the snow and producing a flood that rose above the tops of the highest pines. Everyone drowned except for an old man who drifted about in his canoe rescuing animals. There is another Native American tribe, the Havasupai, attributes the Grand Canyon's carving to a catastrophic flood down the Colorado River that occurred when the god Ho-ko-ma-ta unleashed a tremendous rainstorm. A more benevolent god, Pu-keh-eh, put his daughter in a hollowed-out log to save her from the monstrous current. After the flood receded, she crawled out and became mother of all humanity. It's easy to see that these kind of legends contain mythological elements that are quite different from the reserved and historical character of the Biblical account. VK: All right. That gives us some good insight into what you mean by the story of the story. What about the genetic evidence you were referring to that demonstrates that at one time there was a major bottleneck in the human population? RD: We see genetic evidence of the flood through what is known as mitochondria DNA. This is a limited set of DNA that is not found in a cell's nucleus but in the organelle that is the more-or-less the power plant of the cell which is called the mitochondrion. Mitochondria DNA is generally inherited only from our mothers. As such the mitochondria DNA distribution of the world's population can give us insight into our female ancestors. Well, genetic studies have shown that there are three main mitochondria lines of DNA present around the world. Evolutionists refer to these lines as “M,” “N,” and “R.” Evolutionists were surprised at the lack of diversity present in the mitochondrial lines but this evidence is entirely consistent with the Bible's flood account. Remember that all the people living today are descendants of Noah's 3 sons and their wives. So, the lines of mitochondrial DNA that would be present could only have come from one of the four women on the ark: Noah's wife or his 3 daughters-in-law. But the Bible never tells us that Noah had any daughters – only sons. The sons would not have contributed to the mitochondrial descent lines. So, it reasonable to conclude that the 3 main mitochondrial DNA lines we see present on the earth today trace back to Noah's 3 daughters-in-law. Again, this is observational evidence that is consistent with the Bible's flood account. Listeners who would like to investigate this subject further should visit creation.com where there are several good articles on mitochondrial DNA or there's a discussion of the flood effect on mitochondrial DNA in chapter 19 of Dr. Jonathan Sarfati's commentary on Genesis called The Genesis Account . VK: So, the main point is that here is another point from scientific observation that is consistent with the description of the flood account. We've covered a lot of ground in the last few weeks and our listeners have probably heard things about Noah's story they had never heard before. But we haven't yet talked about the animals on the ark and I think you want to begin that discussion next time. RD: I do. And one final reminder for today. By their very nature past events, especially those of the distant past – like the flood of Noah - cannot be repeated. So to make intelligent assessments about whether such a flood took place or is highly likely to have occurred we have to look evidence that is available today. And as we reminded everyone last time, all investigators, all interpreters of evidence, bring a viewpoint, a lens through which they interpret evidence. I'm hesitant to say they bring a bias because that word can have a negative connotation but we certainly should be aware of our interpretive lens. This is particularly important when it comes to evaluating the historicity of Bible events. VK: That is a very important point. Today Bible critics may try to criticize – say a geologist – who believes that the earth's crust provides evidence that a worldwide flood occurred by saying the geologist is a Christian. But that criticism would be no more valid than someone criticizing a non-Christian geologist who doesn't believe a flood occurred by pointing out that that geologist isn't a Christian. It's no more fair to say that a Christian geologist can't interpret geological evidence fairly than to say that a non-Christian geologist can't. Sounds to me like a good time for a prayer. Today let's listen to a prayer for Christian missionaries who carry the good news about Jesus to peoples and cultures all over the world. ---- PRAYER FOR CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES (#9) We hope you'll be with us next time and we hope you'll take some time to encourage some friends to tune in too, or listen to the podcast version of this show. If you'd like to hear more, try out crystalseabooks.com where “We're not famous but our Boss is!” (Bible Quote from the Contemporary English Version) The Book of Genesis, chapter 9, verses 1 and 18 and 19. Contemporary English Version https://creation.com/topics/global-flood https://activechristianity.org/6-unbelievably-good-reasons-to-read-your-bible https://answersingenesis.org/noahs-ark/safety-investigation-of-noahs-ark-in-a-seaway/ https://christiananswers.net/q-abr/abr-a007.html Safety investigation of Noah's Ark in a seaway - creation.com https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/geologic-evidences-for-the-genesis-flood/ https://discovermagazine.com/2012/jul-aug/06-biblical-type-floods-real-absolutely-enormous https://considerthegospel.org/2014/03/28/the-noah-controversy-could-that-flood-have-happened/ https://www.bibleinfo.com/en/questions/there-evidence-flood-was-global https://creation.com/the-pitch-for-noahs-ark https://discovermagazine.com/2012/jul-aug/06-biblical-type-floods-real-absolutely-enormous https://considerthegospel.org/2014/03/28/the-noah-controversy-could-that-flood-have-happened/ https://creation.com/cmi-misrepresents-ancient-chinese-language

If you want to understand a culture you have to understand its stories. What culture and what stories stand behind the text of Scripture as we have it? When we watch a film or read a book there will often be nods and references to other films or books. Getting these nods helps us/can be essential to get what’s going on. The same is true with the Bible. This episode, Neil talks to Roxanna about some of the older Mesopotamian myths we can hear the echoes of in our reading of the Hebrew Bible. Talking about the myths and stories of ancient Mesopotamia and a few other places where the biblical writers drew their stories from, they show a few places where the echoes are very clear, and what the Hebrew theologians do with them.Things we mentioned that you might want to look up: Mesopotamia - Modern-day IraqThe Epic of Gilgamesh - A poem from ancient Mesopotamia, about a king called Gilgamesh. He and his friend Enkidu go on adventures, and when Enkidu dies Gilgamesh goes out to seek the secret of eternal life. This leads him to travel to meet Utnapishtim (spelled various ways) who tells him the story of when he survived the great flood. The poem is available in Penguin Classics and in other places (if you read it you’ll get the details better than from my telling).Cuneiform - the writing system of ancient Mesopotamia. Written on clay tablets.Rob Bell - writer and speaker on biblical and theological themes.Greco-Roman myth - the myths and stories coming out of ancient Greece and Rome.Norse myth - the myths and stories coming out of Scandinavia. We have records of them going back to the middle ages but they are definitely older than that.Metanarrative - a big picture story we fit our lives into. For example, that the society is constantly progressing.The Exile - when the Israelites were forcibly removed from the land of Israel/Palestine and taken to BabylonCanaanites - the people who lived in Palestine before the Israelites, or the people from whom the Israelites are descended (people differ on this point). They had their own culture and religion, we have recently found some of their written works (available here for instance)Deuteronomistic History - the books of the Bible from Judges to 2 Kings. Many now see this sequence as the work of one master editor who put them all together, though using earlier materials.Martin Noth - German biblical scholar who, among many other things, came up with the idea that the Deuteronomistic History was one continuous work.Frozen - a Disney movie, children quite like it.

I Mytologipodden utforskas hela världens mytologier: skapelsemyter, gudar, varelser, händelser, universella teman, arketyper och artificiella mytologier inom populärkultur. Den sista måndagen i månaden släpps ett nytt avsnitt där Eric och Lee turas om att välja ämne.I årets och säsongens första avsnitt tar sig Eric och Lee vatten över huvudet och diskuterar det våta ämnet Översvämningsmyter. Till en början kastar avsnittet loss och ger sig ut på djupt vatten ombord Noas ark för att sedan minnas hur Utnapishtim överlevde de förargade Mesopotamiska gudarnas översvämning.I mellansnacket rotar vi i huruvida det finns någon verklig översvämning som bidragit till de här myternas uppkomst och i andra halvan av avsnittet pratar Eric om översvämningar i Fornordisk mytologi. I sista delen tar vi oss till andra sidan jordklotet för att se vad ormen har med översvämningar att göra hos Aborginerna i Australien. Så på med flytvästen och håll andan! __________________________www.mytologipodden.comFacebook | @mytologipoddenInstagram | @mytologipodd#MytologiMåndag__________________________Lista med källor, länkar och tips finns på vår hemsida under fliken "Bibliotek".__________________________Musik- Jade by Scott Buckley - https://www.scottbuckley.com.au/Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/- Skaga by Alexander Nakarada - https://www.serpentsoundstudios.com/Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/- Blacksmith by Alexander Nakarada - https://freepd.com/world.phpLicensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/__________________________OmslagsbildLee W Lundin https://leewlundin.com/TeckensnittCaesar Dressing Regular by Open Window https://www.1001fonts.com/caesar-dressing-font.html Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Gilgamesh written by Joshua J. Mark and narrated by DW Draffin: https://ancient.eu/gilgamesh/ Find it on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/TheStudyofAntiquityandtheMiddleAges/featured If you like our audio articles, please support us by becoming a member or donating to our non-profit company: - www.ancient.eu/membership/ - www.ancient.eu/donate/ - www.patreon.com/ahe Interested in the ANTIQVVS magazine? Find out more here → https://www.antiqvvs-magazine.com/ Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk in Mesopotamia best known from The Epic of Gilgamesh (written c. 2150 - 1400 BCE) the great Sumerian/Babylonian poetic work which pre-dates Homer’s writing by 1500 years and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic world literature. The motif of the quest for the meaning of life is first fully explored in Gilgamesh as the hero-king leaves his kingdom following the death of his best friend, Enkidu, to find the mystical figure Utnapishtim and gain eternal life. Gilgamesh's fear of death is actually a fear of meaninglessness and, although he fails to win immortality, the quest itself gives his life meaning. This theme has been explored by writers and philosophers from antiquity up to the present day.

Così Utnapishtim salvò i viventi dal Diluvio.

Learn about how the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest texts in the world, was first translated not by a scientist, but by an engraver’s apprentice named George Smith; how horses lost their toes; and why sperm swim differently than scientists previously thought. Some Random Guy Stumbled Upon and Translated a Legendary Ancient Text by Reuben Westmaas Damrosch, D. (2007, May). Epic Hero. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/epic-hero-153362976/  ‌Rym Ghazal. (2011, April 13). World’s oldest writing not poetry but a shopping receipt. The National. https://www.thenational.ae/uae/world-s-oldest-writing-not-poetry-but-a-shopping-receipt-1.568456  Here’s Why Horses Lost Their Toes by Ashley Hamer Hyracotherium. (2011). www.prehistoric-wildlife.com. http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/h/hyracotherium.html  ‌Biewener, A. A. (1998). Muscle-tendon stresses and elastic energy storage during locomotion in the horse. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 120(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(98)00024-8  About Chestnuts and Ergots On Horses.  (2013). CowboyWay.com. http://www.cowboyway.com/What/WhatAreChestnuts.htm  We were wrong about the way sperm swim by Cameron Duke Gadêlha, H., Hernández-Herrera, P., Montoya, F., Darszon, A., & Corkidi, G. (2020). Human sperm uses asymmetric and anisotropic flagellar controls to regulate swimming symmetry and cell steering. Science Advances, 6(31), eaba5168. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba5168 Wilson, C. (n.d.). Sperm have a weird way of swimming and we only noticed after 300 years. New Scientist. Retrieved August 13, 2020, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2250415-sperm-have-a-weird-way-of-swimming-and-we-only-noticed-after-300-years/ ‌Spinning otter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1bl_V_nMxQ Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY See omnystudio.com/policies/listener for privacy information.

Symbolic reading of world flood myths and comparative mythology of the Middle East, through academic Bible study of Noah's Flood in Genesis and close reading of the flood of Utnapishtim in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/user?u=31997265 Ambiment - The Ambient by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-...Artist: http://incompetech.com/ --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

This is our first #StudentSpecial. In these episodes we'll discuss some special interest topics with some of our students. In this one, Mel van Deventer and Natasha Peters join me to talk about the world's oldest written story. It was found on clay tablets in ancient Mesopotamia and tells the story of a famous king of Uruk. We lay out the different parts of the story and discuss some of the themes. We meet characters like Enkidu and Utnapishtim and consider the interesting twists in the story. We've drawn on the work of Professor Glenn S Holland @TheGreatCourses and Cynthia Stokes Brown at Oer Project.Support the show (https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=Q8KGSAT37YCPA&source=url)

October 4, 2019 / 16:08 / Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm St / Roswell Hospital Fountain & Reflection Pool / Where is the pool at Bethesda, the flow from the Ganges, the Fount of Miriam? Will cancer see in us Gilgamesh or Utnapishtim; will God see in us Khezr, with his waters of immortality, or the companion he sought, who “impatiently prepares [himself] to die … as quick birds avoid a snare, to soar up in the free, untrammeled air?” 1 I sat beside the Roswell fountain and reflecting pool; I wondered if I could be healed: my mental health restored enough to finish medical school, to assuage suffering as a physician in Gilead, to one day sit beside this fountain and encourage another that “life is movement and we are healing and breaking and making and being made all of the time.” 2 1: The Conference of the Birds by Farid ud-din Attar, translated by Afham Darbandi and Dick Davis 2: It’s All Worth Living For by Levi The Poet

This week! Uncle Mark reads the weather report for 2600 BCE with Ziasudra, Uncle Dan proves that the god of the Bible is a mess, and Uncle Doug challenges us to make the post-plague world a better place.

Gilgamesh is searching for the secret of Immortality. He visits Utnapishtim the Far Away who tells him how he survived the Great Flood when the gods decided to destroy humankind. Support the show.

Today we finish the epic of Gilgamesh with the story of the mysterious hermit Utnapishtim, a tale that goes all the way back to when the earth was young. We will see labor disputes and quite a lot of geological investigation while learning three ways for a mortal to gain immortality. Online at oldeststories.net

Mark Shaffer and Eric Madison take Text and Rockers into the deluge...and shut the ark door behind you. First they talk about how to line up literary stations to compare parallel ancient texts. Then they line up parts of the flood account with the story of Utnapishtim in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Finally, they ask what it means that Yahweh decides on and carries out the great flood for the biblical writers. Exploring a couple of rabbinical comments on elements of the story, Mark and Eric talk about what to do with fantastic elements in sacred texts as a modern.

"Wading In" is now "Lore and Legends" visit LoreandLegends.net for more info! Support via paypal.me/loreandlegends or Patreon.com/loreandlegends This episode is the Part 2 of the Epic of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh, in his grief over the death of Enkidu and fear of his own mortality sets out to find eternal life by seeking the legendary Utnapishtim, who was granted eternal life by the gods after surviving the great flood. Gilgamesh confronts demons, gods, and his own fear as his story comes to its conclusion and becomes legend… Music in this Episode: “Return of the Mummy” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Dark Times” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Division" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ "Shadowlands Codex” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Lost Frontier”by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Sneaky Snitch” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Our Story Begins”by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “The Pyre” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Oppressive Gloom” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Curse of the Scarab” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Gregorian chant” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ “Jalandahar” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Art: Gilgamesh, by Samantha, CC BY 2.0 Gilgamesh Story used with permission from http://www.aina.org/books/eog/eog.pdf --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

After the Great Flood, the eight surviving descendents of Adam and Eve along with God had the challenge of setting new terms for the human civilizations which would subsequently bloom from this family. These terms would take the form of a covenant, or contract, between God and the survivors of the flood.

Live far away and you die of thirst; live too close and beware of floods… and so is the rule in life where one is bored as emotions flee and shocked as they flood. Somehow, he always thought of Noah’s arch as soon as he heard any mention of a flood. For him it really always seemed quite an artificial drama – how can all be covered by water?.. And is that really something experienced or imagined by those who wrote for us the stories of t floods?.. He thought the bible was the book that started all stories. He thought: there, that’s the collection of what people believed and what now is the foundation of Christianity. He never read and imagined the stories there literally – no, he thought of those stories as metaphors… Je was later astounded by how much of the biblical stuff could be attributed to ancient Greeks, and their world of myths, gods, cruelty, lust, sex, violence… And there also, Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Utnapishtim riding out of a cosmic flood… Weird… How the people where afraid, how the stories of floods were and are still perceived as stories of global floods, rather than local ones… All those, all floods, all covered all earth, – that’s how he also understood the stories… Well, honestly, the story of Noah he did know, th Gilgamesh, he just heard of… Anyways, are those things of the past? Are they, people, afraid of a global flood these days? Drowning. Fear of being drowned. Air!.. Need Air! He remembered he was still afraid of depth… Floods… All too much… He always thought it was so stupid, terrible, unreasonable, unfair, dumb, catastrophic, indeed, to have somebody dead because of a flood… These days when humans reach skies, stars, with the speed, strength, technologies… and still, there… News… Floods, disasters, people suffering, – how? why?.. Is it water though? He now thinks with fear about one’s own thoughts, wishes, information, all arriving at speeds unseen, quantity unimaginable, variety immense.. Flood… He is flooded with choices, options, questions, issues, problems, thoughts of worry, anxiety, – all flooding – the psyche and its flood – much more dangerous then the nature. — He’s unsure… How shall one survive? — Absorb? Impossible… — Divert? Impossible… — Isolate? Impossible… Where to escape to?.. Do we have those high-rises, mountains, strong enough, high enough, to climb up there and keep calm and be above the flood… Or to have the vessel… Like Noah?.. The boat? The ark? We are perhaps all destined to face floods… Sooner or later they come, they are to cover everything around us. We will be unable to understand, handle, choose, differentiate, decide, – we will be helpless… Unless we’ve managed to have our ark, before the flood hits… How do we know when?.. We can’t know… It’s about having that ark ready, built, floating – to save us when we see water rising… Find the materials. Build your ark… Have people, things, concepts, points, ideas, – all that are most important – with you – take those to ark… Thank you for joining me in this journey towards emotional healing, finding oneself and remembering what makes us happy. The topics covered in these podcast episodes are: #Emotional Healing #Finding Yourself #Following your wings #Happiness is a Choice #Meditating #Peace of Mind #Psychological Journey #Reminiscences #Thinking Aloud #Thoughts #Leap of Faith #Short Stories #Short Story Series #Blogging Everyday #Thinking Along Writing #Finding inner self #Therapy #Art Therapy #Psycho flow #Read at night #What to believe in #Why to live #What makes life beautiful #Imagination #Creativity #Inspiration #Life is a story #Faith #Uncensored #Symbols #Short stories --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/zack-followingz/message

The Great Flood was a catastrophic storm engineered to wipe out all life on earth, and if you take the Bible at its word, was large enough to cover even the highest mountains of the land. This narrative, like the account of the six days of creation, is often used by skeptics as evidence that the Bible could not possibly be historical or factual.

Kumusta mga higala, lain na pud nga episode sa atong programa nga Bag-ong Dan-ag. Kini nga programa dedicated para sa pag-usbaw sa atong critical thinking (pagkamatukion nga pangisip) ug ang skepticism (pagkamadudahon) sa atong katilingbang Pilipinhon ilabi na gyud kitang mga Bisaya ug labaw pa gyud para sa atong mga kabatan-unan karon.Para ni ilabi na gyud sa kadtung mga batan-un nga gipangpugos ug pasimba sa ilang mga ginikanan. Gipangpugos ug pasilbi sa mga simbahan. Para inyo ni. Ayaw mo kahadlok, ayaw mo ka-ulaw ug tawag sa atong programa. Safe space ni para ninyo. Pangutana mo. Ipadayag ang inyong mga hunahuna, mga kabalaka ug uban pa kabahin sa mga pagtuotuo sa inyong mga pamilya. Anonymous man ta dinhi. Ayaw itug-an ang tinuod ninyo nga pangalan. Ayaw i-butyag ang inyong identity. Wala koy paki kung kinsa man galing mo. Ani-a ta dinhi aron pagtuki, paglantugi niining mga pagtuotuo sa atong katilingban.Padayun ta karon sa estorya nga mabasa nato dinhi sa libro sa Genesis. Karon ang atong tukion kay ang estorya kabahin sa usa ka tawo nga gihinganlan ug Noah.Genesis 6Ang Pagkadaotan sa Katawhan1-2Niadtong- panahona daghan na ang mga tawo sa kalibotan ug maanyag ang ilang mga anak nga babaye. Nakita kini sa pipila ka langitnong mga binuhat ug gipangasawa nila ang ilang nagustohan. 3Unya ang Ginoo miingon, “Dili ko tugotan ang tawo nga mabuhi hangtod sa kahangtoran kay tawo lamang siya. Sukad karon kutob ra gayod sa 120 ka tuig ang ilang kinabuhi.” 4Niadtong- mga adlawa ug bisan pa gani sa misunod nga panahon, dihay mga higante sa kalibotan. Sila mga anak sa mga babaye nga sama nato ug sa mga langitnong binuhat. Sila mao ang mga bayani ug mga bantogang tawo sa karaang panahon.Ang mga babaye nakit-an sa pipila ka mga langitnong mga binuhat. Ang mga lalaki diay? O ba kaha, pulos lalaki ang mga langitnon nga mga binuhat? Walay babaye nga langitnon nga binuhat? Propareha man gyud ni no sa mga estorya sa karaang panahon sa Greece. Nga kuno ang mga ginoo, nakighi-usa sa mga makalibutanon nga mga binuhat ug mao naka-anak ug mga "demi-gods." Katunga tawo, katunga ginoo. Kanumdom mo nila ni Achilles, Heracles ug Perseus? Kung mao to sila ang mga bayani ug mga bantugang mga tawo sa karaang panahon, kinsa man ni sila? Nganong wala man ta nakadungug ani nila? Wala man gali pangalan man lang nga nakalista dinhi.Then ani-a pa gyud ning mga higante. Higante daw. Unsay may pasabot sa higante? Giants di ba? Ang pulong nga "giant" gikuha nato sa pulong nga Gigantes sa Greek. Gikan ni sa Greek Mythology. Usa ka kaliwat nga mga aggresive ug mga kusgan nga mga binuhat. Mga anak ni Gaia (Mother Earth) ug sa mga tulo sa dugo ni Uranus (Sky). Sama sa tawo ang ilang mga dagway ug gani, sama ra pud sa tawo ang ilang gidak-on. Dili na mao nga higante ang imong gi-imagine karon, nga dako kaayo o ba kaha taas kaayo nga tawo. Susama ra nato ang kadak-on.Sa mas karaan pang mga panahon, pila ka gatus ka tuig nga nag-una, sa wala pa mahasulat ang libro sa Genesis, duna nay mga estorya kabahin niining gitawag ug Gigantes. Apan ang mga detalye kay nagsagolsagol nalang no. Duna pa gani mga higante daw nga bitin ang mga tiil. Unya usahay pa gyud, masipyatan pa ang mga higante sa mga Titans -- ang mga ancestor sa mga ginoo sa Olympia. Sa ato pa, kung ang nagsulat niining maong libro, na-inpluwensya sa mga estorya sa karaan, dili ta mahibulong nga dunay gamay dinhi nga kasayuran kabahin niining gitawag ug higante.Unya human, mipahamtang ug limit "tagal" ang ginoo sa kinabuhi sa tawo nga kutob nalang 120 ang edad. Unsa man ni? Mao ni silot sa tungod sa mga gibuhat sa mga langitnong mga nilalang nga nakighi-usa sa mga tawo? Mura mag nabu-ak ni diri nga estorya no. Lain na pud nga tampalos sa mga kamot sa editor niining maong libro.5Unya- nakita sa Ginoo nga hilabihan kadaotan sa mga tawo sa kalibotan ug kanunay lamang ngil-ad ang ilang gihunahuna. 6Nagbasol siya nga gibuhat niya ang tawo diha sa kalibotan ug nakapasubo kini kaniya. 7Busa miingon siya, “Laglagon ko ang tanang tawo nga akong gibuhat. Laglagon ko usab ang tanang mananap ug mga langgam kay nagbasol ako nga gibuhat ko sila.” 8Apan gikahimut-an sa Ginoo si Noe.Nagbasol ang ginoo nga gibuhat niya ang tawo sa kalibotan. Kay kuno, hilabihan kadautan ug kanunay lamang ngil-ad ang ilang gihunahuna. Duna bay option ang ginoo nga magmugna ug tawo nga pulos buutan? Pwede ba siya makabuhat ug mga tawo nga sama niini? Mga buutan. Mga matinahuron ug dili makahunahuna ug ngil-ad. Pwede ba? Kang kinsa man nang sala nga ang mga tawo dautan? Gani, mahinumdoman nato sa milabay nga estorya sa Genesis, nga ang tawo wala gani nakahibalo ug unsay maayo ug unsay dautan. Hangtud nga gitug-anan sila sa serepente, mao nga nakakaon sa kahoy sa kahibalo sa unsay maayo ug unsay dautan, mao nga duna na silay kahibalo human adtong hitabo-a.So kung dunay option ang ginoo sa kung unsa nga matang sa mga tawo ang iyang i-mugna, iyaha ra ning sala nga nagmugna ug tawo nga dautan ug ngil-ad ang panghunahuna.Unya karon, daw sama sa usa ka gamay nga bata, nga wala nakuha ang iyang gusto, ming-ingon ang ginoo nga laglagon niya ang tanang tawo. Apil pa gani pud ang mga mananap, laglagon pud niyag apil. Ingon ani ka putong ang maong ginoo. Ingon ani ka childish. Nag-tantrum!Sa iyang kagamhanan, kay gamhanan man kuno ni siya; ug sa iyang kamaalamon, kay maalamon man daw ni siya, ug sa iyang pagkamahigugmaon, kay mahigugmaon man daw ni siya -- mao ni iyang solution, laglagon nalang ang tanang tawo nga binuhat niya. Unya sa kaputong sa iyang utok, apilon pa gyud niya ug laglag ang mga mananap.Pagka-irresponsable! Unya mao ni nga ginoo ang magpadayeg? Ang magpasimba?! Ang magpa-ampo?! Uy, pastilan! Kinsa mang tawo, nga sakto sa pangisip, ang dunay amor nga makadayeg ug makasimba niining maong ginoo?!Naghimo si Noe ug Arka9Mao- kini ang sugilanon mahitungod ni Noe nga usa ka matarong nga tawo. Siya lamang ang gikahimut-an sa Dios niadtong panahona kay nagmatinumanon man siya sa Dios. 10Aduna siyay tulo ka anak: Si Sem, si Ham ug si Japet. 11Apan ang katawhan daotan atubangan sa Dios ug ang kalibotan napuno sa ilang pagkadaotan. 12Gitan-aw sa Dios ang kalibotan ug nakita niya nga ngil-ad kini kay daotan man kaayo ang binuhatan sa mga tawo.13Unya ang Dios miingon kang Noe, “Nakahukom ako sa paglaglag sa tanang tawo. Puohon ko sila sa hingpit kay ila mang gipadagsang sa kalibotan ang ilang daotang mga buhat. 14Busa paghimog arka gikan sa kahoy nga goper. Buhati kinig mga lawak ug buliti ug aspalto ang sulod ug ang gawas niini. 15Ang gitas-on niini 133 ka metros,+ 22 ka metros ang gilapdon ug 13 ka metros ang kahabugon. 16Buhatig atop+ ang arka ug palabwa kini ug 44 ka sentimetros ibabaw sa mga bungbong niini. Himoa ang arka nga tulo ka andana ug buhatig pultahan sa kilid niini. 17Palunopan ko ang kalibotan aron pagpuo sa tanang binuhat. Ang tanan nga anaa ibabaw sa yuta mangamatay 18apan magbuhat akog kasabotan tali kanimo ug kanako. Sakay sa arka uban sa imong asawa ug mga anak ug sa ilang mga asawa. 19-20Pagdalag laki ug baye sa tanang matang sa mga mananap ug sa matag matang sa mga langgam aron dili sila mapuo. 21Pagdala usab sa tanang matang sa pagkaon ug tipigi kini aron inyong makaon ug makaon usab sa mga mananap.” 22Gituman- ni Noe kining tanan sumala sa gisugo sa Dios kaniya.Ani-a na, ang bantugan nga estorya kabahin ni Noah ug ang lunop sa tibuok kalibutan. Gihatagan ug mga detalye kabahin sa arka nga gipabuhat sa ginoo ni Noah. Akong balikon. Sa kaalam, sa kagamhanan ug sa kamahigugmaon niining ginoo-ha, ang paglaglag sa tanang binuhat niya, except lang ni Noah ug sa iyang pamilya, mao ang solution nga iyang nakab-ut!Ang Lunop1Ang Ginoo miingon kang Noe, “Sakay sa arka uban sa tibuok mong panimalay kay sa tanang mga tawo ikaw lamang ang nagbuhat ug matarong. 2Pagdala ug pito ka parisan nga laki ug baye sa tanang mananap nga giisip nga hinlo apan tagsa ka paris lamang ang dad-a sa mga mananap nga giisip nga hugaw. 3Pagdala usab ug pito ka parisan nga laki ug baye sa mga langgam aron dili sila mapuo. 4Kay human sa pito ka adlaw gikan karon, paulanon ko ug 40 ka adlaw ug 40 ka gabii aron pagpuo sa tanan kong binuhat nga may kinabuhi ibabaw sa yuta.” 5Ug gituman ni Noe ang tanan nga gisugo sa Ginoo kaniya.Unya ang mga bata nga naa sa sabakan sa ilang mga inahan, apil pud to sila ug kamatay? Unya karon, gipahipos sa ginoo si Noah ug mga paris sa mananap aron kuno dili sila mapuo. Unya buhaton kini ni Noah sulod lamang sa pito ka adlaw. Unya ang mga tanom diay? Gi-unsa man pagkabuhi sa mga tanom? Mga mananap ra man ning gipahipos sa ginoo?Ngano kaha gyud no, kung wagtangon lang diay sa ginoo ang dautan? Wagtangon lang diay ang mga ngil-ad nga panghunahuna? Dili makabuhat ang ginoo ana? Unya mao ni, magpadayeg, magpa-ampo, magpa-simba?!6Si Noe nagpanuigon ug 600 sa dihang gilunopan ang kalibotan. 7Siya- ug ang iyang asawa ingon man ang ilang mga anak uban sa ilang mga asawa nanakay sa arka aron dili sila mangamatay sa lunop. 8Ang tanang matang sa mananap nga hinlo ug dili hinlo ingon man sa mga langgam 9nanakay sa arka nga nagtinagurha, laki ug baye, kuyog kang Noe sumala sa gisugo sa Dios kaniya. 10Ug pagkatapos sa pito ka adlaw gilunopan ang yuta.Si Noah 600 na ang edad. Ayaw mo kalimot nga si Noah, ug iyang asawa, ug ilang tulo ka anak ug ilang mga asawa, mo ra ni sila ang nagpanday sa maong arka. Walo ka mga tawo, nga naghimo ug arka nga hilabihan kadako nga kuno gisak-an sa tanang matang sa mananap. Walo ka tawo.Ang pinakadako nga "wooden ship" ever built, kay ang gitawag ug Wyoming. Gilunsad niadtong 1909. Nagamit kini sulod sa 15 ka tuig ug milubog niadtong 11 Marso 1924. Gikataho nga ang maong barko, pirming masudlan ug tubig. Pirmi flooded. Ug mag-sige ug ka-inat ug lubag samtang maglawig kay tungod ang kahoy, dili man maka-maintain sa iyang porma. Mag-inat-inat, mag-lubag-lubag ug pirming masudlan ug tubig. Hangtud nga minglubog gyud pag 1924.The Wyoming was so equipped that it could be operated by a minimal crew of thirteen. The Wyoming represented the highest development in the construction of wooden sailing vessels. --From Wyoming Tales and Trails11Si- Noe nagpanuigon nag 600 ug sa ika-17 nga adlaw sa ikaduhang bulan, mibuhagay ang tanang mga tubod sa tubig gikan sa kahiladman sa yuta ug nangaabli ang mga bintana sa langit 12ug nag-ulan sulod sa 40 ka adlaw ug 40 ka gabii.13Niadto gayong adlawa, nanakay sa arka si Noe ug ang iyang asawa uban sa ilang tulo ka anak nga si Sem, si Ham ug si Japet ug ang ilang mga asawa. 14Nanakay usab uban kanila ang tanang matang sa mga mananap, mga ihalas ug binuhi, mga dagko ug gagmay ug ang tanang matang sa mga langgam. 15Laki ug baye sa matag matang sa tanang binuhat nanakay sa arka uban kang Noe 16sumala sa gisugo sa Dios. Unya gisirhan sa Ginoo ang pultahan sa arka.17Mipadayon paglunop sulod sa 40 ka adlaw ug milalom pag-ayo ang tubig ug milutaw ang arka. 18Milalom pa gayod ug dugang ang tubig ug ang arka naglutawlutaw niini. 19Hilabihan gayod ang pagsaka sa tubig nga gilapawan niini ang tanang habog nga bukid sa kalibotan. 20Ang tubig milapaw ug mga pito ka metros sa tumoy sa kabukiran. 21Busa nangamatay ang tanang may kinabuhi: ang mga langgam, mga kahayopan, ang tanang gagmayng mananap ug ang tanang tawo. 22Ang tanang binuhat nga may gininhawa nga nagpuyo sa yuta nangamatay. 23Gipuo sa Ginoo ang tanang may kinabuhi sa ibabaw sa kalibotan: ang mga tawo, ang mga kahayopan, ang tanang gagmayng mananap ug mga langgam. Si Noe lamang ug ang iyang mga kauban didto sa arka ang wala mamatay. 24Ang lunop misugod paghubas human sa 150 ka adlaw.Nanga-abli ang mga bintana sa langit?! Atong balikon nga kini nga detalye, pinasubay ni sa karaan nga panghunahuna nga ang langit kuno, daw kisami sa balay, murag takob sa kalibutan. Kung diin gipatapot ang mga bituun ug ang adlaw ug ang bulan. Apan, karon, nasayud naman kita, pina-agi sa atong pagtuki gamit sa science, nga walay "firmament" o gahi nga structure sa ibabaw sa atong panganud. Walay hibanggaan nga kisami ang mga "rockets" kung mogawas sa kalibutan padulong sa space. Ignorante pa intawn ang nagsulat niining maong estorya. Mas magpabug-at pa gayud nga "fiction" lang ning estoryaha. Ug nganong dunay motuo niini nga literally nahitabo gyud, ambot lamang gayud. Mga tapolan mohunahuna O ba kaha, bunga lang gyud sa ilahang naagi-an nga indoctrination no. Pero ok lang ni, education fixes ignorance. Pasensyahan lang nato ni sila no, ug tabangan nato nga makakita sa kamatuoran.Dili nalang nako lahuson ug basa no sa Genesis kapitolo 8 hangtud sa 10. Nalipong na ko ug hunahuna nga dunay mga tawo, nga mga edukado ug maalamon, apan motuo nga literally nahitabo ning estorya ni Noah.Nalukop nalang ug tuyoktuyok ang pipila ka mga believers niining estoryaha aron sa pagpangita ug ebidensya. Apan hangtud karon, pakyas lang gihapon. Walay ebidensya arka, walay ebidensya sa usa ka lunop sa tibuok kalibutan (worldwide flood). Maghunahuna gani ta, ang usa ka lunop, lunop sa tibuok kalibutan, nga kuno minglanat ug usa ka tuig, dili kaha magbilin ug ebidensya? Geological evidence niini, magsyagit unta sa ka-obvious! Apan wala gyud. Pila na ka expedition ngadto sa Ararat mountain ranges dinha sa Eastern Turkey, wala gyud. Pila na ka pagpanlungag, pagpangkalut sa yuta sa lainlaing lugar sa kalibutan, wala gyuy ebidensya sa worldwide flood. Zero.Daghan pa gyud ug issue ang maong estorya:Diin man gikan ang tubig? Unya diin man padulong?Ang mga mananap, gi-unsa nila pag sanay ug balik? Ug gi-unsa man pud nila pagbalik sa ilahang natural habitat? Kangaroos sa Australia? Kung gikan silag Turkey, gi-unsa man nila pagbalik sa Australia? Unya kung hinayhinay sila mingsanay ug mingbiyahe padulong sa Australia, nganong wala man gyud tay makit-an nga mga bukog sa kangaroo between Turkey ug Australia?Gi-unsa pagsurvive sa mga hulmigas? Lalaki ug babaye nga hulmigas, igo na na? Usa ka community ang survival sa hulmigas, tungod kay duna silay tagsa-tagsa ka mga bahin. Dunay queen ug dunay workers.Ang nagkalain-laing kaliwat sa tawo. Realistic ba nga gikan lang ta sa walo ka mga tawo? Ang pamilya ni Noah?Kung nalukop ug tubig ang kalibutan, mausab ang atmosphere. Mamahimong matubigon ang hangin nga malumos ka gani sa pagginhawa lamang.Duna toy tawo nga ginganlan ug Utnapishtim, nga usa ka survivor. Nakasurvive siya, uban sa iyang pamilya ug kuyog sa pipila ka mga mananap ug mga artesano (craftsmen). Ming survive sila tungod sa pahimangnu sa ginoo nga si Ea. Gitug-anan siya ni Ea nga pagagub-on sa mga ginoo ang tanang buhi sa kalibutan pinaagi sa usa ka lunop. Mao nga gipahimo niya si Utnapishtim ug dako nga barko aron nga maluwas sila sa lunop. Tuod man, gilunopan ang tibuok kalibutan ug naluwas gyud si Utnapishtim ug ang iyang mga kuyog sa barko. Human gihimong immortal si Utnapishtim sa mga ginoo.Kaning maong estorya naka-ukit sa kapin sa napulo ka mga clay tablets sa ancient Sumeria. Ang maong clay napetsahan nga gisulat niadtong mga 2000 BCE. Atong hinumdoman nga ang Genesis napetsahan nga gisulat between 1000 BCE to 500 BCE. Sa simpleng pagkabutang, ang estorya ni Noah ang usa sa pinakakaraan nga example sa plagiarism -- ang pagpangopya sa ginama sa laing tawo.Dugang pa, duna sad toy tawo nga ginganlan ug Atrahasis, usa pud ka survivor. Nakasurvive siya, uban sa iyang pamilya. Ming survive sila tungod sa pahimangnu sa ginoo nga si Enki. Gitug-anan siya ni Enki nga pagagub-on sa mga ginoo ang tanang buhi sa kalibutan pinaagi sa usa ka lunop. Oops! Taympa ra gud! Nakabasa naman ta ani?! Kaning maong sugilanon ni Atrahasis, nagagikan ni sa ancient tablet sa Akkadia. Napetsahan nga gisulat around 1600 BCE. Mas nauna ang sugilanon sa Gilgamesh apan mas nauna pa ni sa sugilanon ni Noah.Uy pastilan daghan diay ni sila? Dili diay original ang sugilanon ni Noah? Duna pa gyud ang Eridu Genesis (Sumerian gihapon). Ang sugilanon ni King Manu sa India. Ang sugilanon ni Tata ug Nena sa Aztec. -- pulos sugilanon sa ginoo nga mingpapas sa iyang binuhat pina-agi sa lunop. Pulos naglambagit ug barko o arka.Kini ug uban pa, ang atong hisgutan sa sunod nga mga episodes dinhi sa atong programa.Kung intersado mo sa pag explore niini, ayaw kalimot ug Subscribe ug share niini. Para ato ning tanan.Dinhi lang usa, hangtud sa sunod higayon. Daghang salamat.Question everything. 

From tales of Utnapishtim and Noah to Yü and Manu, everyone loves a good mythical deluge. But why are flood myths so important? What sort of natural phenomena could cause the sort of massive flooding likely to resonate through the heritage memories of a flood-traumatized civilization? Join Robert and Christian for a Stuff to Blow Your Mind exploration. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://news.iheart.com/podcast-advertisers

GILGAMESH – la ricerca dell’immortalità Dietro le quinte: interviste, trailer. Ascolta con cuffie. DUE ATTORI, TANTI MICROFONI, TANTA FISICITÀ l’antica epopea sumera rivisitata con immagini e suoni in un viaggio teatrale ai confini del tempo. con KEVIN BLASER e TOMMASO GIACOPINI creazione e regia PATRIZIA BARBUIANI Produzione podcast: RADIO PETRUSKA Creazione audio: Markus Zohner http://www.barbuiani.com/gilgamesh-la-ricerca-dellimmortalita-nuova-produzione/ L’epopea di Gilgamesh è uno dei più antichi poemi conosciuti e narra le gesta di un antichissimo e leggendario re sumero, Gilgamesh, alle prese con il problema che da sempre ha assillato l’umanità: la morte e il suo impossibile superamento. Questa primissima epopea nella storia dell’essere umano è stata rilevata su 12 colonne. L’epopea (o più semplicemente „il Gilgamesh“) è anteriore ai poemi omerici (VIII sec. a.C.) e ai Veda indiani (1500 a.C.). Le prime redazioni sumeriche del poema sono fatte risalire ad oltre il 2000 a.C. Documenti su Gilgamesh sono stati rinvenuti più o meno ovunque in Mesopotamia, ma anche al di fuori, come in Anatolia (Hattusa, capitale dell’impero ittita) o in Palestina (Megiddo). Da un testo così antico emerge una tematica di grande attualità nella nostra società. A distanza di 4000 anni, gli uomini sono ancora impegnati nella ricerca dell’immortalità. Gilgamesh, per due terzi divino, per un terzo uomo, spadroneggia nella città di Uruk da lui fatta costruire con grande ingegno e sontuosità. Protetto dagli dei, favorito dal Dio del Sole Shamash, egli utilizza la sua grande forza in guerre continue in cui coinvolge i giovani della città. Il suo impeto non si arresta, il suo potere si fa più oppressivo, finché gli abitanti di Uruk, stanchi dei soprusi invocano gli dei affinché li aiutino. Gli dei creano una copia umana e rozza simile a lui per forza e coraggio, Enkidu, in modo da anteporgli un eroe di egual temperamento. Dopo uno scontro Gilgamesh ed Enkidu diventano amici inseparabili e partono per nuove avventure. Combattono contro il guardiano della Foresta dei Cedri, Humbaba, contro il Toro Celeste, ma per volere divino Enkidu deve morire. Gilgamesh stravolto dal dolore per la perdita dell’amico, inizia un lungo viaggio che lo porterà lontano, oltre il mare, alla ricerca di Utnapishtim, colui che ha superato il Diluvio e che conosce il segreto dell’immortalità.

This program is the third and final episode in my telling of the ancient Sumerian myth of Gilgamesh, the hero-king of Uruk. Gilgamesh was two-thirds god and one-third human, and the gifts and challenges of this in-between situation are a major theme in the story.In Part 1, Gilgamesh wreaked havoc instead of being a good king to his people because he had no peers. Without limits he couldn’t fulfill his potential. So the gods provided him with Enkidu the wild man, his foil and friend. In Part 2 I told of their adventures and how they fulfilled Gilgamesh’s destiny to perform heroic deeds and make a name for himself.But this came at a cost. Enkidu is dead. It seems that this was necessary to maintain the proper balance of power between the gods and the semi-god Gilgamesh, and his mortal companion. And now Gilgamesh will struggle with the ultimate problem presented by his human side…. Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/mythmatterspodcast)