Podcasts about echidnas

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 17, 2024 9:30

Summary: Some echidna senses don't make much sense, but they're really cool! Join Kiersten as she discusses echidna senses. For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean “Functional Diversity and Evolution of Bitter Taste Receptors in Egg-Laying Mammals,” by Akihito Itoigawa, Akashi Hayakawa, Yang Zhou, Adrian D. Manning, Goujie Zhang, Frank Grutzner, Hire Imai. Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 39, Issue 6, June 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msac107 “Distortion product otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem responses in the echidna(Tachyglossus aculeatus),” by D M Mills and R K Shepard. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2001 Jun; 2(2): 130-46. “Color vision evolution in egg-laying mammals: insights from visual photoreceptors and daily activities of Australian echidnas,” by Shiina Sakamoto, Yuka Matsushita, Akihiro Itoigawa, Takumi Ezawa, Takeshi Fujitani, Kenichiro Takakura, Yang Zhou, Goujie Zhang, Frank Grutzner, Shoji Kawamura, and Akashi Hayakawa. Zoological Letters, 2024; 10: 2. Music written and performed by Katherine Camp Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating. This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the ninth thing I like about these incredible animals is their senses. Just like most mammals echidnas have eyes, ears, a nose, and a tongue which covers four of the five senses. We know they use their eyes to see, their ears to hear, and their nose to smell and we're going to talk about all of these things in this episode. Whether they use their tongue to taste, I'm not sure, but we'll try and find out an answer. I do know they use their nose for more than just smelling. Let's get started. We'll begin with vision. Echidnas are often described as nocturnal, as I said in previous episodes, but some researchers and zookeepers have seen them active during the day. What does this have to do with their vision? Whether an animal is diurnal or nocturnal can, evolutionarily speaking, influence the development of color vision. Not many controlled studies have been done to truly determine the daily behaviors of the echidna, but scientists have been able to determine that echidnas do have some color vision. Since reports say echidnas are active both day and night it does stand to reason they have at least some color vision opsins. Their distance vision is nothing to write home about. In other words, not great, but they are excellent at discerning shapes. They can distinguish a human shape from other forms, so that means they can probably distinguish other animal and plant forms, as well. They don't rely on vision too much, but it is helpful during the daylight hours when and if they are active. Hearing is a sense that many animals with poor vision will depend on to survive. Echidnas are no expiation to this rule. They do have ears with which to hear, but the do not have external pinnae. The fleshly part of the ear that sticks out from the side of the head is called the pinna. We have them, dogs, and cat's have them, many mammals have them, but not echidnas. They have a large slit behind their eyes, often hidden in their fur and spines. This opening connects to their auditory canal and allows them to hear. A study published in 2001, determined that echidna hearing is as sensitive as other mammals such as gerbils and rabbits but it is a much narrower frequency range. They did establish that echidnas have some sort of cochlear amplifier inside the structure of the ear but it is not the same as other mammals. Echidnas can hear frequencies above 20 kHz which is higher than typical bird or reptile hearing but lower than typical mammal hearing. Let's take a quick lick, oh sorry, look at the sense of taste. The echidna has taste buds at the base of the tongue. The presence of taste buds implies that they can taste something. But what can they taste? A study published in 2022, looked at the bitter taste in the echidna. Bitter taste receptors are typically thought to help identify toxic chemicals in plants and invertebrates. This would be very important for an animal that eats invertebrates. This research concluded that echidnas do have just enough bitter taste buds to help keep them safe while foraging for food. More research will need to be done to find out if they have any other taste profiles. The nose. This is where we get to the really cool stuff. Echidnas have an excellent sense of smell. Their nose is located at the end of their long snout. They rely on their sense of smell to find food underground. Their keen sense of smell allows them to find termites, ants, earthworms and other soft bodied larvae in the ground. This isn't unusual or the truly exciting thing about their noses. The really cool thing about their noses is that they can sense electrical currents with it. That's pretty cool. I'm going to read you a paragraph from the Nature Comes Standard website that explains how this works. Quoting from the article entitled E.S.P: Echidna Sensory Perception, “The snout senses vibrations via both electrical and mechanical signals. A prey's movement creates a vibration that reaches the snout, acting upon a nanoscale column of cells like a combustion engine's push-rod. The push-rod transfers the signal to a nerve ending, creating an electric signal, and a mechanoreceptor creating a similar sensation as a humans fingertip. This information is processed to sense the presence and motion of prey. Like counting the time delay between a lightning flash and a thunder boom, the echidna can sense a prey's distance and speed.” End quote. That, I think, is quite a cool nose. There are even scientists studying how this works to improve human navigation and develop new methods of scanning objects. I love it when we take the time to learn from Nature. That's it for echidna senses, and I have a feeling that you found it just as interesting as I did because it's my ninth favorite thing about them. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change. Join me next week for the final episode about echidnas. (Piano Music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

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Echidna: Dreamers?

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 10, 2024 8:20

Summary: Do echidnas dream? Join Kiersten as she travels into the sleep cycles of the echidna to find out if they dream. For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean Show Notes: “Monotremes and the evolution of rapid eye movement of sleep,” J. M. Siegel, P. R. Manger, R. Nienhuis, H. M. Fahringer, and J. D. Pettigrew. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, B (1998) 353, 1147-1157. “The Echidna Tachyglossus aculeates Combines REM and Non-REM Aspects in a Single Sleep State: Implications for the Evolution of Sleep,” by J. M. Siegel, P. R. Manger, R. Nienhuis, H. M. Fahringer, and J. D. Pettigrew. The Journal of Neuroscience, May 15, 1996, 16 (10): 3500-3506. Music written and performed by Katherine Camp Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating. This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the eighth thing I like about this rule breaking mammal is the possibility that they may dream. I'm not kidding listeners, echidnas may actually dream. Let's dive into this subject by finding out what happens when echidnas sleep. Discovering what happens when echidnas sleep has been a long a winding path. First, it's pretty difficult to determine what a hard to find, nocturnal animal is doing when they're sleeping. So most of the research done involving echidna sleep is done with the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeates, because they are more easily found. In 1972, a report was published about the electrophysiological study of the short-beaked echidna. They were interested in the waking and sleeping state of the echidna. The way you study that is by recording the electrical impulses created by the brain during different activities. The 1972 study showed that echidnas do not enter REM sleep, the state of sleep in which dreams occur. Echidnas remained in a non-REM sleep the entire time they were unconscious. Based on this information, researchers postulated new hypotheses on when sleep developed two sleep stages. Since echidnas are biologically some of the oldest living mammals, some say primitive but I think that word makes them sound unimportant, the stages of sleep they exhibit could have meaningful implications on when mammalian sleep developed two distinct sleep stages. For years science excepted this result for the 1972 study. There was no reason to question the results. The research was sound and a second study published in 1996 seemed to support these results. The second study actually found that the typical sleep patterns of non-monotreme mammals, which is every mammal except echidnas and platypus, did not match the sleep patterns of the echidna. The really interesting result of this study was that they found that echidna sleep resembled both non-REM sleep patterns and REM sleep patterns in the same cycle. This is significant because in the average mammal REM and non-REM sleep happens in separate cycles. Using different methods of judging sleep and waking activity in the brain, revealed a truth that called for a reevaluation of the previous results. Really fascinating! Who knew the sleep patterns of an ancient-lineage mammal could mean so much to modern research? With these two studies kind of rubbing against each other, further research was definitely needed. In 1998, a study did look closer at the sleep patterns of the echidna. The previous two studies had used changes in EEG, electromyogram, and eye movement to determine whether the echidna actually experienced REM sleep. These researchers recognized the discrepancies created using these recoding methods and decided to look at the neuronal activity in the brainstem. The 1998 study added another layer to the echidna sleep mystery. Using new evaluation methods this study showed that echidnas do experience a sleep state resembling REM sleep in the brainstem, while the forebrain remains in a state resembling non-REM sleep. One of the questions that arose during this line of study was why do echidnas not show typical signs of REM sleep such as the rapid eye movement that gives this sleep cycle its name. Twitching of various body parts, as well as, eye movement is indicative of REM sleep in many mammalian species, including platypus which is the other extant monotremes on the planet. So why don't echidnas display twitching muscles during REM? The scientists in this study thought that might be due to the fact that echidnas sleep in more exposed areas than platypus. The twitching of their spines would be audible and visible to predators, but in the last episode I just talked about how echidnas dig dens into the side of sloped ground. So, I don't know if I buy that explanation. They may need to go back to the drawing board on that. But this evidence gives them one more hypothesis on when REM sleep developed in mammals. The forebrain aspects of REM sleep may be recent inventions in the mammalian line. How does any of this relate back to the title of this episode? REM sleep is the sleep cycle when dreaming happens. Research into human sleep patterns shows that dreaming happens during the REM sleep cycle. Mammals that experience REM sleep may also dream. Now the cortex of the brain must be activated during REM sleep to produce dreams, and what we just learned about echidna sleep tells us that their brainstem is involved in their REM sleep. So do echidnas dream? They do have a large neocortex compared to other mammalian brains, and I've just shown that different routes of research can shed more light on what is actually happening in an animal. Maybe brainstem REM sleep also creates dreams and we just haven't found evidence of it yet. It's an intriguing question and I'll leave you with one more before I end this episode. If echidnas dream, what do they dream about? Thanks again listeners for following me down the winding path of the echidna. I'm glad you joined me today because my eight favorite thing about them is the possibility that they dream. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change. Join me next week for another episode about echidnas. (Piano Music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Echidna: Social Structure

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 3, 2024 9:23

Summary: Do echidnas ever get on each others nerves? Join Kiersten as she talks about the social structure of echidnas to find out! For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean Show Notes: Short-beaked Echidna. Bush Heritage Australia, https://www.bushheritage.org.au Eastern long-beaked echidna, Animalia, https://animlia.bio “Home Ranges, Movement, and Den Use in Long-beaked Echidnas, Zaglossus bartoni, From Papua New Guinea,” by Muse D. Opiang. Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 90, Issue 2, 14 April 2009, pages 340-346. https://doi.org/10.1644/08-MaMM-A-108.1 Music written and performed by Katherine Camp Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating. This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the seventh thing I like about them is their social structure. Overall, all species of echidnas are solitary animals. They spend the majority of their lives alone, only coming together during breeding season. Then mothers will remain with the puggles until they are about 7 months old and they are able to leave the den and forage for themselves. Outside of breeding season and puggle-raising duties, echidnas live solitary lives. We do base this information on what we currently know about this enigmatic creature which, sadly, is not a lot. They are hard to study in the wild because they are typically nocturnal and they often dig dens that they stay in during the day. Researchers haven't given up and do continue to try and learn as much as we can about their everyday lives. A study published in 2009 looked at the home ranges and movement of the eastern long-beaked echidna, Zaglossus bartoni. The study showed that mature adult home ranges did not overlap with each other, but juvenile echidnas occasionally overlapped with female echidna home ranges. It is possible that these juveniles may have been the offspring of the females, but that was not proven. Home range size was estimated for 11 individual echidnas. Seven were positively identified by sex and 4 were estimated, giving a total of seven females and four males with three juveniles. Researchers strapped telemetry anklets to the subjects to document as many points as possible to estimate home range size. By the end of the research period, home ranges sizes varied from 2.2 hectares to 168.2 hectares. If you're thinking that's quite a large difference in home range sizes, you'd be right. Let's look a little closer at these results. The individual with the smallest home range size only had 4 points of reference, so we'd probably throw that one out because of lack of data. The largest home range of 168.2 hectares was a juvenile with 43 points of reference, so most likely this is a good estimate of the home range. Because it's a juvenile, the researchers believe that it was still trying to decide on a home range and that's why it was wandering so far and wide. Most likely this is not indicative of a typical echidna home range size. This individual was also the one that overlapped with other home ranges. The more median size home range is what we're really interested in. This gives us a better idea of the typical home range size of the average eastern long-beaked echidna. If we add all the home ranges together and divide we get and average of about 25 hectares. This is a pretty good size home range, lots of area to find insects to munch on and a nice place to find a den. Interestingly, the home range with the most points recorded was a size of 75 hectares for an adult female. Considering this individual was recored with 65 points of reference this might be a more typical home range size, but it could also just be this individual's preference. This study was incredibly interesting and a great start to mapping out the needs of the eastern long-beaked echidna. So what makes a good home range? There are a few necessities that a good home range must contain. Food is definitely important. You must have enough food to sustain yourself before you settle down. Water is also important, but echidnas do not rely on standing bodies of water as much as other mammals. They can get water from the food they eat. The last thing that is incredibly important in a home range is a place to make a den. During this study, 223 dens of long-beaked echidnas were found. 209 of them were underground dens. Of the ones found above ground, it appears that most of them were utilized by juvenile echidnas. Maybe there is a learning curve for how and where a great den is created. Or the juveniles hadn't established a permanent home range, yet. When creating a den the echidna will dig out a main resting place with two separate entrances. That's good thinking there, always have an escape hatch. If at all possible these dens will be located on the side of sloped earth. It may be easier to dig into a sloped mound and it can also help keep the den from becoming flooded. Boy! These echidnas really know how to build the perfect house! Whenever I find out that an animal that mates with others of the opposite sex leads a solitary life in a fairly large home range, I know I always ask How do they find each other when it's time to make babies? I asked this question about the echidna. So how do they find each other? Through scent. When breeding season begins both males and females emit a scent that attracts the opposite sex to them. Most of the responsibility of finding another echidna lies on the male, and as we discussed in the reproduction episode, he'll travel quite the distance to ensure that he's the mate for her. The spur that all echidnas have at some point in their life may have originally been used for venom like the male platypus, but now it's used for secreting a substance that may attract females during mating season. The last thing we need to discuss about echidna's social lives is what happens when they encounter each other outside of breeding season. And that appears to be not much. No sources that I've used for this series have said anything about echidna on echidna aggression. It seems that when they do encounter each other outside of the breeding season, they just kind of avoid each other. During breeding season, the worst a male will do to another male is push them out of the love train. No blood and guts death matches for echidnas. That's it for the social structure of echidnas. Thanks for listening to this episode because the social lives of echidnas is my seventh favorite thing about them. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change. Join me next week for another episode about echidnas. (Piano Music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

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Echidna: Spines

Pangolin: The Conservation Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 28, 2023 8:29

Summary: Ouch! Echidna spines are no joke! Join Kiersten as she discusses this amazing echidna anatomy. For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean Show Notes: Short-beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeates) Fact Sheet: Physical Characteristics, San Diego Wildlife Alliance Library. https://iecl.libguides.com “Observations on Fur Development in Echidna (Monotremata, Mammalia) Indicate the Spines Precede Hairs in Ontogeny,” by Lorenzo Alibardi, and George Rogers. The Anatomical Record, Vol 298, Issue4, p. 761-770. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23081 Music written and performed by Katherine Camp Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating. This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the sixth thing I like about them is their spines. Last episode we talked about how they defend themselves from the very few predators they have and one of those defense mechanisms was the spines they have on their backs. Today we're going to take a closer look at these spines and find out what exactly they are and how they work. All four species of echidnas have spines. You may be asking what exactly is a spine, and this is a great question, listeners. You actually have spines all over your body right now! Not exactly, but spines are modified hairs. They are made out of keratin just like all mammalian hair, including human hair and nails. Spines grow out of the skin just like thin hairs. So spines are made up of a medulla, which is the innermost layer of hair. It's the softest and most fragile layer and functions as the marrow of the hair. The medulla is surrounded by a cortex. This is the thickest layer of a hair and contains most of the pigment, when hair has pigment. The outermost layer is the cuticle which is made up of dead cells. This is also the same anatomy of the softer hairs most mammals carry, including the echidna. Underneath the skin the canal that the spines grow out of holds a thick inner root sheath made of cornified cells which surround the growing shaft. This shaft will eventually exit the skin with a sharp, pointed end and grow into the spine. Echidnas grow spines on the dorsal, that's the top, and the lateral, that's the sides of the body. The number of spines taper off toward the underside of the echidna where you find only softer hairs. Echidnas do have softer hairs on their back and sides, as well as the spines giving them a slightly fuzzy appearance. Echidna spines will vary in size depending on where they are on the body. Some will be longer and some will be shorter so they fit nicely along the body. The spines of echidnas have long roots that are embedded in a special layer of muscle. This layer of muscle allows the echidna to move each spine individually. Could you imagine be able to move the hairs on your body individually? That would be so cool! This of course aides the echidna in using its spines to protect itself from harm. The spines can be moved individually or as a group depending on what the echidna is doing. When used for protection against a predator, the idea is that the predators will get a nose or mouth full of sharp spines that will hopefully make them think twice about trying to continue eating this echidna. You may be thinking of another animal that does the same thing with quills, the North American porcupine. They use their quills to defend themselves just like the echidna with one little difference. When a North American porcupine encounters a predator they will back into the predator's muzzle or whatever portion of their body that is exposed and the porcupine's quills will release and stick in the animal's body part. Definitely gets their point across. This is not what happens with the echidna. When a predator bites at or swipes at an echidna, their spines stay put. They are not hooked at the ends like the North American Porcupine's quills and they are made to stay attached until they are naturally shed with age. The spines of an echidna can stay attached for years. This may have brought up another question from my intelligent listeners. What is the difference between a quill and a spine? To be completely honest I can't find a great answer to this question. I can tell you that spines are used to refer to a broader group of modified hairs where quills are a specific type of spine. You often hear the term quill used when talking about porcupines. When doing research for this podcast all the sources I referenced said echidnas have spines. In a scientific paper published in 2014 titled “Observations on Fur Development in Echidna” the authors question whether spines are actually modified hairs. They looked at various ages of preserved specimens of baby echidnas to determine if the spines grew from modified hair follicles or different follicles altogether. Turns out they form from different follicles than those of hair, so maybe the spines are not modified hairs at all, but something unique to itself. It will be interesting to see what further research reveals. Thanks for joining me for this pointed discussion of echidna spines because it's my sixth favorite thing about this amazing monotreme. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change. Join me next week for another episode about echidnas. (Piano Music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

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83. A Great Big Happy Recap of Conservation in 2023! [New Year Special]

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 27, 2023 56:00

Happy New Year! Today Jack looks back on all of the year's best conservation stories. That means we get to talk about everything from Redwoods to Manta Rays, from Echidnas to Puffins! Jack also discusses his personal highs and lows, makes some New Year's Resolutions and reflects on what he wants to see in 2024! Thank you so much for an amazing 2023! ✨ Useful Links Don't forget to subscribe to the show and follow us on ⁠⁠Twitter⁠⁠, ⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠, ⁠⁠LinkedIn⁠⁠, ⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠ & ⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠! We are @PangolinPodcast

Echidna: Defense

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Play Episode Listen Later Dec 21, 2023 6:30

Summary: Echidnas don't have a lot of natural predators but they do have some great defense strategies. Join Kiersten as talks defense in echidnas. For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean Show Notes: Short-beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeates) Fact Sheet: Behavior and Ecology, San Diego Wildlife Alliance Library. https://iecl.libguides.com Eastern long-beaked echidna, Animalia, https://animlia.bio Music written and performed by Katherine Camp Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating. This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the fifth thing I like about this monotreme is how they defend themselves. Echidnas don't have many natural predators but they do have to worry about feral dogs trying to take a bite out of them. So, if something like this happens an echidna has four options. Option one is to run. Let's do a little comparison of anatomy quickly. Many breeds of dogs have legs that are made for running. Of course, there are those that have gotten the short end of the genetic stick and have the short legs that don't take them very far very fast, but most breeds can run fast. I wouldn't say that echidnas legs are shot but they are not as long as most dogs, and their bodies are a bit wobbly and round. They certainly don't have the fastest gait and they will not be out running a feral dog. So option number one, may not be the best choice. The second option is to dig. Now digging would certainly not be my first choice to protect myself from a predator, but I don't have large claws made for digging. Remember from the habitat episode that we found out echidnas favor environments that have softer, looser soil. This allows them to find food but it also allows them to dig quickly down into the soil. So, option number two is to dig quickly down into the soil deep enough to cover their vulnerable underside and then pop up their spines. Hopefully, the dog will get a snout full of ouchy spines and decide to pursue another meal. Option three is hide. If they can find cover quickly they may be able to wedge themselves into a rock crevice or hollow long. They'll squeeze in far enough to cover their face, legs and belly leaving their spines sticking out. This makes it pretty difficult for a predator to get a good grip and pull them out. The fourth option is similar to the last two but without all the digging. That statement probably gives it away, so listener, you've probably figured out that their spines are their fourth option. If they cannot dig or run, they will simply curl up into a ball and pop their spines out. The short-beaked echidna is one of Australia's most abundant mammals, so these options must be working out for them. That's all for this episode on defense. Thanks for listening because this is my fifth favorite thing about echidnas. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change. Join me next week for another episode about echidnas. (Piano Music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Echidnas Have a Four-headed Pecker

Strange by Nature Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 20, 2023 46:22

Hello Dear Listeners. Here's what we have for you this week. Victoria kicks things off by telling the tale of her recent encounter with one of the world's few venomous mammals and you'll never guess where she found it...her basement! Kirk invents a weird quiz about strange ways nature might try to kill you. Which is more likely, getting hit in the face by a duck while jet skiing or being gored by a bison? Rachel shares about a relative of the playtpus, the Echidna, and wow does she ever save the most disturbing fact until the end. Join us weekly for more strange nature. Our supporters on Patreon get every episode ad free! Support us: patreon.com/strangebynature Email us: contact@strangebynaturepodcast.com Visit us at: strangebynaturepodcast.com

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Echidna: Reproduction

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Play Episode Listen Later Dec 14, 2023 9:27

Summary: Making baby echidnas is weird! Join Kiersten as she talks echidna baby-making. For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean Show Notes: “Echidna penises: Why They're so Weird,” by Angela Heathcote, Australian Geographic, May 24, 2021. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au “Echidna trains: Explained,” by Australian Geographic, August 6, 2021. https://www.australiangeographic.com.au “Getting out of a mammalian egg: the egg tooth and caruncle of the echidna,” by Jane C. Fenelon, Abbie Bennetts, Neal Anthill, Micheal Pyne, Stephen D. Johnston, Alistair R. Evans, Abigail S. Tucker, and Marilyn B. Renfree. Developmental Biology, Volume 495, March 2023, pg 8-18. “Unveiling the echidna pouch: Insights from recent research.” The Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland. https://wildlife.org.au Classification of Living Things: Echidna Reproduction, by Denis O'Neil. https://www.palomar.edu Music written and performed by Katherine Camp Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating. This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the fourth thing I like about them is how they reproduce. I have to tell ya that this is the best episode yet! Be prepared to have your mind blown because echidna reproduction is unbelievable. Reproduction always starts with the wooing, so let's start there, as well. You can always tell when echidna mating season is by the lines of males that are following a female. No kidding, male echidnas form “love trains” behind a female and follow her for days. I have found several different sources that say mating can occur anywhere from mid-May to early September. Males will follow a female around until they are the last one standing. Love trains can vary in number from 4 males to 11 males. The males will follow the females jostling each other, sometimes even pushing each other into ditches, to be the last male following the female. Once they've joined a love train the males are very focused on what they're doing. Very few things can distract them from their goal of mating, including being weighed by scientists. Peggy Rismiller has studied echidnas for 30 years and she has picked up the last male in a love train to weigh them and, as soon as she puts them down, they are off again following the female. Males will travel long distances to court a female. She tracked one male who traveled 2 km or 1.2 miles a day to court two different females. If the male looses sight of the female he's courting, no worries, he can follow her scent. Both males and females emit a musky scent during breeding season. After a male has outlasted the others, if the female is receptive, she'll lay down on the ground and relax her spines. But his hard work is not done. Now the male has to dig down into the soil next to the female so he can line up their cloacas. Mating is performed cloaca to cloaca. Once the positioning is just right, the male will insert his penis into the female's cloaca. Copulation can last from 30 minutes to an hour and a half. We're going to take a moment to talk about the echidna penis because this particular organ has been deemed the weirdest reproductive organ in the animal kingdom by Smithsonian Magazine. An echidna's penis is bright red in color and has four heads. Yes, you heard correctly, four heads. They do not use their penis for urination, like most other mammals, so the penis was able to become more elaborate. It appears that they only use two of the heads at a time when breeding. This is very unusual for mammals but it is see in some reptiles. More research needs to be done to understand how the echidna penis works and why it is structured the way it is. The penis is also fairly long reaching approximately 1/3 of the echidnas body length when erect. Stay with me listeners because it just keeps getting weirder. Once the female is pregnant she develops a pouch. Only pregnant female echidnas develop a pouch, and they only keep it while they are incubating their single egg. There are four stages of the pouch. Dr. Kate Dutton-Regester has been researching echidna pouches and took over 200 pictures of nine female echidna's developing pouches. At the beginning of the breeding season the pouch is flat and difficult to see, by the time the female needs to incubate her egg the pouch margins have drawn together like a drawstring bag closing the pouch so incubation can begin. Once her offspring has left the pouch, it recedes over 12-30 days until it is once again flat. That is truly amazing!! Next step: lay an egg. Echidna females lay only one egg a year, or at least as far as we know. The egg is 1/2 to 2/3 of an inch long. The shell is like hard leather, similar to some reptile eggs. The egg is laid through the cloaca, then the mother has to get it into her pouch. To do this, she'll curve her body into a tight “C” shape scooping up the egg with the tops of her hind feet and then lifting up her feet until the egg rolls into the pouch. Whoosh! I'm tired just thinking of doing that. Talk about good core strength. The egg will incubate for approximately 10 days before it hatches. Echidna eggs have much less yolk than reptile and bird eggs because the embryo only needs that nutrient source for 10 days. To emerge from the egg, the embryo develops and egg tooth similar to an egg tooth on a baby reptile. This egg tooth helps the young echidna break out of the leathery egg shell, then disappears. Baby echidnas are called puggles. That is literally the cutest name I have ever heard for any animal offspring. I just can't right now! The puggle is only the size of a raisin when it hatches and is hairless and blind. The tiny puggle will grasp the coarse hair inside the pouch and pull itself up to the milk patches inside the pouch. While puggles are in the pouch they consume milk produced by the mother's mammary glands. They do not suckle because echidnas have no nipples, so instead they lick the milk as it seeps through the skin over the mammary glands. Puggles will remain in the pouch for approximately 45 days until they begin to develop spines. That could be a sticky situation. Once they leave the pouch, the puggle will remain in a den for 6 to 7 months. During that time, mom will leave to forage for food and come back to feed the puggle milk. At 7 months, the puggle is old enough to strike out on its own. Echidnas can live from 15 to 40 years, but average about 10 years in the wild. I don't know about you, but this was one weird reproduction episode, but it is definitely my fourth favorite thing about echidnas. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change. Join me next week for another episode about echidnas. (Piano Music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Echidna: Diet and Digestion

wild original diet researchers feeding nose piano digestion echidna piano music characterizing echidnas

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 6, 2023 9:02

Summary: We all gotta eat, right? The echidna eats insects. Take a trip with Kiersten as she travels through the digestive track of the echidna. For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean Show Notes: Short-beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeates) Fact Sheet: Diet and Feeding, San Diego Wildlife Alliance Library. https://iecl.libguides.com “Characterizing the Gut Microbiomes in Wild and Captive Short-Beaked Echidnas Reveals Diet-Associated Changes,” by Tahlia Perry, Ella West, Raphael Eisenhower, Alan Stenhouse, Isabella Wilson, Belinda Laming, Peggy Rismiller, Michelle Shaw, and Frank Grützner Music written and performed by Katherine Camp Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating. This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the third thing I like about this amazing monotreme is what they eat and how they digest it. I know that sound like a strange thing to like, but it's really quite interesting. One of the ways to tell if you have an echidna nearby is the distinctive way they hunt for food. The prey that echidnas are after lives mainly underground, so they poke holes in the soil with their long snouts. The holes are called ‘nose pokes”. Nose pokes are the width of the echidnas snout and the depth can tell you the species of echidna that's digging around in your backyard. The depth, of course, depends on the length of the echidna's snout. Long-beaked echidnas will produce deeper nose pokes than short-beaked echidnas. Once they find what they'er looking for, they use their long claws to tear open the invertebrates nests. How they find their prey is not well understood. Do they use a sense of smell? Do they use vibration detection? Do they use the sense of touch? We're not entirely sure, but it may be a combination of all three. So, what are these echidnas digging around for underground. They are classified as myrmecophages. If you can remember way back to our first series about pangolins, you know that myrmecophages eat mainly ants. And that is one of the main prey items of the echidna. They specialize in eating termites, ants, scarab beetle larvae also known as pasture grubs, and moth larvae also known as grass grubs. When they come across beetle larva during the nose poke stage, scientists have noticed them using a corkscrew like motion to extract the larvae. They actually prefer the social living invertebrates such as termites and ants because they offer more reward for their effort. Which I can totally understand! Of those two insects, termites are higher on the list because they have softer bodies than ants and they tend to live in larger colonies. When possible, echidnas avoid ants, termites, and other insects that bite, sting, or have other chemical defenses. Sometime they have no choice but to go after ants, so they focus their efforts on the more defenseless areas of the ant colony such as the queen, the larvae, and the pupae. The general rule of thumb is to avoid prey that bites back, but after hibernation and before raising young, echidnas may endure some abuse to build up their fats stores. They have also been seen foraging around trees. Here they'll stick their snouts under loose bark looking for termites and insect larvae. If it is a rotted tree or log, they will use their powerful claws to tear open the trunk exposing the insects within. They are not reliant on water to drink so they can live in areas without easy access to water sources. So now we know what they eat, let's find out how they eat. It all starts with a long sticky tongue. The short-beaked echidna can extend its tongue seven inches or 18 cm out of its mouth. They can do that more than 100 times a minute! Their genus name, Tachyglossus, actually means fast tongue. A combination of circular and longitudinal muscles allows the tongue to extend and contract. The tip of the tongue is very flexible. It's so flexible it can curve into a U-shape. That's probably pretty helpful for scooping up lots of yummy termites. They do posses taste buds which are located at the back of the tongue. They must eat small ants and termites limited to only 55mm because that's the only thing that will fit in their mouths. Their mouth doesn't open very wide. If you ever hear someone say an echidna bit them, we know that's a tall tail! Now, of course, they mainly focus on prey items that are already that size of smaller, but they can tear apart things that might be a bit bigger but is something worth consuming. They can hold the item down with their claws and tear it apart with their tongue. Like many other animals who have an ant based diet, echidnas have no teeth. The do have a hard palate on the roof of their mouth that they use in conjunction with their tongue to grind their food. There are keratin spines at the base of the tongue that smoosh the food up against the hard palate grinding the insects into a paste. Mmmm. Nothing like a little insect paste to hit the spot. Echidnas digestion is very slow. Their stomach is a single chambered organ that is elastic. It can hold a lot of insects, but it has very low levels of acid, so their stomach is not like many other species of animals, including humans, that rely on acid to digest the food they injest. Echidnas stomachs act more like a cow's rumen which is a chamber that holds food and digests it with the help of bacteria. Digestion in these monotremes is not well understood but scientists have determined that plant matter may have a bigger role in echidna digestion than previously thought. Echidnas held in captivity such as zoos and rehabilitation facilities tend to have quite a few gastric problems. Researchers are now collecting scat, that's poo, from wild echidnas and captive echidnas to determine what a healthy microbiome looks like for an echidna. The more we know about what keeps their stomachs functioning properly in the wild, the better we can make their diets in captivity. Thanks for following the digestive track of the echidna with me because it's make third favorite thing about them. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change. Join me next week for another episode about echidnas. (Piano Music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Echidna: Modern Enigma

Brian Carlton: The Spoonman

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 23, 2023 10:06

Summary: Ech-what? Echindas are mammals that break all the rules of Nature! Join Kiersten as she takes us on a journey into the weird world of the echidna. For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean Show Notes: “The Princeton Encyclopedia of Mammals,” edited by David W. Macdonald Echidna Fact Sheet, March 18, 2022. PBS Nature. https://ww.pbs.org “The Creature Feature: 10 Fun Facts About the Echidna,” by Mary Bates, Wired, Jul 3, 2014. Short-beaked Echidna. Bush Heritage Australia, https://www.bushheritage.org.au Music written and performed by Katherine Camp Transcript (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Kiersten - Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… This is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating. My name is Kiersten and I have a Master's Degree in Animal Behavior and did my thesis on the breeding behavior of the Tri-colored bat. I was a zookeeper for many years and have worked with all sorts of animals from Aba Aba fish to tigers to ravens to domesticated dogs and so many more in between. Many of those years were spent in education programs and the most important lesson I learned was that the more information someone has about a particular animal the less they fear them. The less they fear them the more they crave information about them and before you know it you've become an advocate for that misunderstood animal. This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This is the first episode of the next Ten Things I Like About…series. These ten episodes will be about the echidna! Ech-what? You say? The echidna. It's an animal found in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea. You know what that means…It's gonna be cool! And the mere existence of the echidna is the first thing I like about this exceptional animal. The echidna, also known as the spiny anteater, is an animal that bends the rules that nature has established. It is a mammal, but it reproduces by laying eggs. It feeds it young milk that is produces itself, but has no nipples. It has a pouch like a kangaroo but it is not a marsupial. The echidna is definitely a modern enigma. Let's start off with what the echidna looks like. It's kind of a combination between an anteater, a hedgehog, and the Niffler from Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Not at all kidding. Okay here is my best attempt at a verbal description. Echidnas have a long beak like snout with a small nose and mouth at the end. Their eyes sit farther back on the face and are surrounded by dark brown fur that is generously laced with long thick light brown or yellow spines. They have large, long claws on their from feet to help dig into the soil. Their body is round and covered with the dark fur and spines. They do have a tail but you hardly notice it because of the spines. Their back feet also have claws but not quite as long as the front feet. They are short and hug the ground as they waddle around. They can grown to 35-75 centimeters or 14 to 30 inches with a 4 inch tail, depending on species. They can weigh between 5.5 to 22 pounds, once again depending on species. They really are quite a strange looking animal, but absolutely fascinating! And boy oh boy do they have cute little faces. There are four species of echidna. The short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeates), the Sir David's long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus attenboroughi), the eastern long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bartoni), and the western long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bruijnii). The short-beaked echidna also known as the common echidna ranges in size from 12-18 inches or 35-40 cm. They can weigh 5 1/2 to 17 lbs or 2 1/2 to 8kg. Males of this species can be up to 25% larger than females. They can range in color from black to light brown with spines on the back and along the sides. They have a long, narrow, hairless snout. The western long-beaked echidna also known as the long-nosed echidna can be 18 to 35 inches or 45-90 cm. They can weigh between 11 to 22 lbs or 5-10kg. The coat color can also range from black to brown. They do have spines but they are shorter than other species' and are often hidden by their longer fur. They have a very long snout that is curved slightly downward at the tip. Not much is known about the Sir David's long-beaked echidna. It is the smallest of the long-beaked echidna's. There is only a single specimen of this species of echidna collected by a Dutch explorer in 1961 in the Cyclops mountains of Indonesia. The eastern long-beaked echidnas is very similar to our short-beaked echidna except with a longer snout. There are several different subspecies listed under this echidna that may, with further research, turnout to be separate species altogether. Those of you that have been listening from the beginning know how much I like to talk taxonomy! No really. I do find taxonomy interesting but also a little tedious. I am going to walk you through this with the echidna though because it leads us into why I chose to include echidnas in Ten Things I Like About… We're going to start at the beginning with our taxonomy: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order (this is where is gets really cool or weird): Monotremata (more on this in a moment) Family: Tachyglossidae Genus: Tachyglossus and Zaglossus Let's hop back to the Order of the echidna, Monotremata. What exactly is that? It's what makes echidnas so special in the animal kingdom. Monotremes are mammals. Think back with me to those days in elementary science class when we learned what constituted a mammal. A mammal has hair somewhere on its body and it produces milk to feed its young. Well the echidna has both of these, actually we can go even farther and say that the echidna checks off more mammalian boxes. They also have a single bone in the lower jaw, and three bones in the ear. All of these are characteristics of mammals. What makes monotremes so special is that they lays eggs instead of giving live birth. You may have caught that in my opening. Yes! Echidnas are mammals that lay eggs! The only other mammal alive today that lays eggs is the platypus, and yes they are also found in Australia. Monotremata actually means “one-holed creature“. Echidnas and platypus have one opening in their body that acts as the entrance and the exit you could say. Bodily fluids, such as feces, exit through this opening called the cloaca and mating happens through this opening, as well. Most mammals are also endothermic which means the body temperature is controlled internally. Like Humans, we have a constant body temperature of about 98 degrees F, give or take a few degrees. It's a constant temperature whether it's cold in our environment or hot in our environment. Echidnas are the same but they have the lowest recorded body temperature of any mammal. At 89 degrees F or 32 degrees Celsius the echidna is quite the anomaly. We don't really know why but their body temperature can vary by up to 8 degrees throughout the day!. Okay, I hope I have whet your appetite for more information about this unbelievable animal because their mere existence is only my first favorite thing about the echidna. If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change. Join me next week for another thing I like about the echidna. (Piano Music plays) This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Echidnas

The Animal Sexperts

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 8, 2023 10:47

Echidnastyyy

echidnas

Echidnas | Dr Christine Cooper

The Future Of

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 30, 2023 26:36

As one of the world's rarest mammals, the iconic echidna has developed surprising ways to adapt to a warming climate.In this episode, David Karsten was joined by Dr Christine Cooper from Curtin's School of Molecular and Life Sciences to discuss the unique traits of echidnas and what the future holds.What is a monotreme? 01:30Dr Cooper explains how echidnas use vocalisations to mate [8:05]The differences between echidnas across the country [14:09]How echidnas survive in extreme heat [22:03]Learn moreCurtin study suggests rare echidna noises could be the ‘language of love'Study finds blowing bubbles among echidna's tricks to beat the heatConnect with our guestsDr Christine Cooper, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin UniversityChristine Cooper is an expert in vertebrate ecophysiology. She completed her PhD in zoology at UWA, focusing on numbat physiology and behaviour. Since becoming a lecturer at Curtin in 2005, Christine splits her time between teaching, supervising research projects, and studying Australian birds and mammals. She has established extensive collaborative networks nationally and internationally, and maintains strong links with wildlife and conservation organisations.LinkedInCurtin staff profileJoin Curtin UniversityThis podcast is brought to you by Curtin University. Curtin is a global university known for its commitment to making positive change happen through high-impact research, strong industry partnerships and practical teaching.Work with usStudy a research degreeStart postgraduate educationGot any questions, or suggestions for future topics?Email thefutureof@curtin.edu.auSocial mediaTwitterFacebookInstagramYouTubeLinkedInTranscriptRead the transcriptBehind the scenesHost: David KarstenContent creator: Anne Griffin-AppadooProducer and Recordist: Emilia JolakoskaSocial Media: Amy Hosking Executive Producers: Anita ShoreFirst Nations AcknowledgementCurtin University acknowledges the traditional owners of the land on which Curtin Perth is located, the Whadjuk people of the Nyungar Nation, and on Curtin Kalgoorlie, the Wongutha people of the North-Eastern Goldfields; and the First Nations peoples on all Curtin locations.MusicOKAY by 13ounce Creative Commons — Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported — CC BY-SA 3.0 Music promoted by Audio Library.Curtin University supports academic freedom of speech. The views expressed in The Future Of podcast may not reflect those of Curtin University.

FRI 27 OCT | How rare are blonde echidnas in Tassie? | Two lucky locals win Learn to Fly experience

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 26, 2023 42:12

Greg Irons, Director of Bonorong Wildlife Sanctuary, tells Tubes and Producer Rhea all about Tasmanian wildlife with golden fur. And, the two winners of our Par Avion Learn to Fly experiences are announced!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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FULL SHOW: Echidnas In The Domenican Republic

Will & Woody

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 11, 2023 45:01

What do you like to sniff? Callers Of The Week G Flip Phone Alone Dad Pong Join Us Brothers See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

republic echidnas

Episode 17: Expedition to West Papua

Mammalwatching

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 9, 2023 52:10

Charles and Jon are reunited with Carlos Bocos who inspired, designed and guided their hugely successful trip to West Papua in June 2023. From Long-beaked Echidnas to Long-fingered Trioks, we talk about the incredible mammalwatching on New Guinea, the extraordinary local communities who helped us along the way, and a death-defying BASE jumping Ground Cuscus.Here is the YouTube trailer.For more information visit www.mammalwatching.com/podcastNotes: Here is Jon's trip report from West Papua. Page 22 of the IUCN Antelope Specialist Group's Gnunewsletter has the article that Charles mentioned at the start of the podcast: using Dromedary Camel patrols to search for the last few Addax in the remotest areas of Niger. And S3 E48 of Charley Hesse's Naturally Adventurous podcast, where he talks mammalwatching with Charles and Jon, is here. Cover art: Western Long-beaked Echidna, Jon HallDr Charles Foley is a mammalwatcher and biologist who, together with his wife Lara, spent 30 years studying elephants in Tanzania. They now run the Tanzania Conservation Research Program at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago.Jon Hall set up mammalwatching.com in 2005. Genetically Welsh, spiritually Australian, currently in New York City. He has looked for mammals in over 100 countries.

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Towards Net Zero

BBC Inside Science

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 16, 2023 31:51

Former Energy Minister Chris Skidmore's report into Net Zero calls for ambitious policies to drive energy transition, framing it as a huge economic opportunity to drive national growth. Using and conserving energy in the home is one theme the report tackles. We discuss home insulation with Colm Britchfield , policy advisor at E3G. His recent report found those in some of the worst housing , in the private rented sector could save hundreds of pounds a year if their homes were properly insulated. But what is the incentive for landlords to pay for insulation? Electric heat pumps have been heralded as an alternative to gas boilers, but they are currently more expensive and finding an installer is not easy. Rebecca Dibb-Simkin from Octopus Energy tells us how they are working to make the technology more available. And what is the role of local authorities in the strive for net zero? We hear from Polly Billington, chief executive of UK 100 – a network of local government leaders committed to sustainability policies. How do you catch a poacher? One way might be through their own mobile phone. Another is using a camera trap which sends a signal to game wardens. These are technologies developed by Tim Van Deursen and Thijs Suijten from Hack the Poacher. And we look at new findings on one of Australia's Iconic species – Echidnas. Dr Christine Cooper at Cutin University in Western Australia, found this marsupial is actually remarkably heat tolerant, and capable of handling temperatures which were previously thought to be lethal. BBC Inside Science is produced in partnership with the Open University.

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Can echidnas keep cool? No sweat!

The Science Show - Separate stories podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 11, 2023 5:58

Christine Cooper has found echidnas, wherever they live, hot or cold, stay comfy by blowing bubbles!

no sweat echidnas

Can echidnas keep cool? No sweat!

The Science Show - Separate stories podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 11, 2023 5:58

Christine Cooper has found echidnas, wherever they live, hot or cold, stay comfy by blowing bubbles!

no sweat echidnas

Earth Oddity 252: I like my eggs smuggled please

Earth Oddity Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 25, 2023 69:21

News Links for the Week:As egg prices rise, so do seizures at US border: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64337403‘Super pigs' from Canada could soon invade US: https://straightarrownews.com/cc/super-pigs-from-canada-could-soon-invade-us/Echidnas blow snot bubbles and do belly flops to keep cool, scientists find: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/18/echidnas-blow-snot-bubbles-and-do-belly-flops-to-keep-cool-scientists-findFlorida woman pulled from storm drain for third time in 2 years: https://www.wfla.com/news/florida/florida-woman-pulled-from-storm-drain-for-third-time-in-2-years/The lights have been on at a Massachusetts school for over a year because no one can turn them off: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/lights-massachusetts-school-year-no-one-can-turn-rcna65611Thief steals St. Michael statue from church, trips, and is injured by the angel's sword: https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253368/thief-steals-st-michael-statue-from-church-trips-and-is-injured-by-the-angel-s-swordVisit our brand spanking new home on the web @ www.earthoddity.net!!!We would to thank Cajun Curl Original Spice for their support! For some spice that's extra nice that taste spicy but doesn't feel spicy, check them out over at www.cajuncurl.com. Be sure and use coupon code "EOP10" and get ten percent off your order.Special thanks to Silencyde for providing the music! Check out his music on Soundcloud here: https://soundcloud.com/silencyde or on his YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/user/Silencyde and on Facebook here: https://www.facebook.com/Silencyde/Like what you hear? Please consider joining our Patreon. Sign up at the $5 dollar level and get access to Earth Oddity Extended where you get an extended version of the show and an all exclusive show once a month! You can find that at www.patreon.com/earthoddity We want to hear from you! Please email the show You can also follow us on Twitter @_earthoddity and on Instagram at _earthoddity. You can call us at (662) 493-2059! Please don't hesitate to leave us a voicemail, we want to hear your voice! don't forget to join our group page and take part in all the hilarity that ensues! Finally, Earth Oddity Podcast has a Discord server now. Would you like to join? Use this link; https://deref-mail.com/mail/client/Xr1c2SWng28/dereferrer/?redirectUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscord.gg%2FW9BKfXC and tell us who you are. Have a great week and we love you! God bless you every one!

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Earth Oddity 252: I Like My Eggs Smuggled Please

Fringe Radio Network

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 25, 2023 69:21

News Links for the Week:As egg prices rise, so do seizures at US border: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64337403‘Super pigs' from Canada could soon invade US: https://straightarrownews.com/cc/super-pigs-from-canada-could-soon-invade-us/Echidnas blow snot bubbles and do belly flops to keep cool, scientists find: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/18/echidnas-blow-snot-bubbles-and-do-belly-flops-to-keep-cool-scientists-findFlorida woman pulled from storm drain for third time in 2 years: https://www.wfla.com/news/florida/florida-woman-pulled-from-storm-drain-for-third-time-in-2-years/The lights have been on at a Massachusetts school for over a year because no one can turn them off: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/lights-massachusetts-school-year-no-one-can-turn-rcna65611Thief steals St. Michael statue from church, trips, and is injured by the angel's sword: https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253368/thief-steals-st-michael-statue-from-church-trips-and-is-injured-by-the-angel-s-swordVisit our brand spanking new home on the web @ www.earthoddity.net!!!We would to thank Cajun Curl Original Spice for their support! For some spice that's extra nice that taste spicy but doesn't feel spicy, check them out over at www.cajuncurl.com. Be sure and use coupon code "EOP10" and get ten percent off your order.Special thanks to Silencyde for providing the music! Check out his music on Soundcloud here: https://soundcloud.com/silencyde or on his YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/user/Silencyde and on Facebook here: https://www.facebook.com/Silencyde/Like what you hear? Please consider joining our Patreon. Sign up at the $5 dollar level and get access to Earth Oddity Extended where you get an extended version of the show and an all exclusive show once a month! You can find that at www.patreon.com/earthoddity We want to hear from you! Please email the show You can also follow us on Twitter @_earthoddity and on Instagram at _earthoddity. You can call us at (662) 493-2059! Please don't hesitate to leave us a voicemail, we want to hear your voice! don't forget to join our group page and take part in all the hilarity that ensues! Finally, Earth Oddity Podcast has a Discord server now. Would you like to join? Use this link; https://deref-mail.com/mail/client/Xr1c2SWng28/dereferrer/?redirectUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscord.gg%2FW9BKfXC and tell us who you are. Have a great week and we love you! God bless you every one!

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Mierenegels blazen snottenbellen om af te koelen

Wetenschap Vandaag | BNR

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 22, 2023 1:28

Als je ooit in Australië bent geweest, dan heb je daar misschien wel een mierenegel voorbij zien waggelen. Zo niet, stel je dan een kruising tussen - je verwacht het niet - een egel en een miereneter voor. Het diertje komt dus voor op één van de warmste continenten op aarde, maar mist een aantal skills om van die warmte af te komen. Hij kan niet zweten, hij lost het niet op met hijgen en ook niet met likken. Toch is zijn lichaamstemperatuur de op één na laagste van alle zoogdieren. Australische onderzoekers hebben thermische metingen gebruikt om te kijken hoe de mierenegel zichzelf nou koel houdt. Hij blijkt snotbubbels te blazen en die vervolgens te laten knappen om het einde van hun snuit af te laten koelen, waarin zich veel bloed bevindt. Ook gaan ze met hun stekelloze buik en pootjes op koele stukken grond liggen om warmte kwijt te raken. De wetenschappers zijn nu benieuwd of ze kunnen uitrekenen bij welke temperaturen de diertjes het lastig krijgen. Hebben ze genoeg aan deze skills als het nog veel warmer wordt? En wat hebben ze nodig om te kunnen blijven overleven? Lees meer: Echidnas blow snot bubbles and do belly flops to keep cool, scientists find.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Keeping Cool with SNOT BUBBLES and a Big NASA Update!

Fun Kids Science Weekly

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 21, 2023 32:31

This week Dan is chatting to Anna Horleston, Planetary Seismologist all about the recent information from NASA's InSight Mars Mission - which will help us figure out just what Mars is made of! We also find out the gross way that Echidnas keep cool in Australia - the clue is in the title! In Dangerous Dan we learn about the DEADLY rushing waters of 'Angel Falls' in Venezuela, and Engers is back with another round of engineering education, and Deep Space High is Minerals!Join Fun Kids Podcasts+: https://funkidslive.com/plusSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Fork-headed trilobite, echidnas blow snot bubbles, Perseverance delivery drop-off, farming fish lose their fertilizer and inoculation against misinformation.

Quirks and Quarks Complete Show from CBC Radio

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 20, 2023 54:11

An ancient sea creature sported a massive fork on its head — what for?; Echidnas blow snot bubbles to keep cool under the Australian sun; The Mars Perseverance rover is caching samples for return to Earth; Farming fish lose their fertilizer to invasive rats; How to fight an infodemic with cognitive vaccines.

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Ken Penders is gone! Quick everyone start posting Echidnas!

Good Talk

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 3, 2023 56:58

My brother and I went over several Sonic OCs, critiquing them, and also ranting about topics tangental to the OCs.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/good-talk/donations

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Angie Who

Music Mothers and Others

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 17, 2022 26:44

Angie Who has been on our radar for quite some time, and we are so happy to have her as the final guest for this series of Music Mothers and Others! She's the host of “Sing-a-Song” on Kinderling radio, she's an independent singer-songwriter (with albums “Little Folk” and “I love you the most” + the book) , and she performed recently at the inaugural Major Minor Music Australia Awards —known as “The Ma's”! - we're exhausted thinking about it all. Coming up next for Angie is a collaboration with NZ performer, Claudia Robin Gunn, for a lovely kids' lullaby song about Echidnas!! She's a performer that captures the joy of parenting, and makes music that brings families together. Welcome to the show, Angie Who!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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2 Sonic 2 Hedgehog (four in total)

The Shipping Forecast

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 11, 2022 95:54

This week we rush to the finish line, of both the year and our last round of fic reviews for the year. In today's episode, James reviews a fic that takes us back to the edgy days of the mid 2000s, to explore the moral dilemma on everyone's minds: "What would happen if Sonic the Hedgehog had a Death Note?". Nick takes us back to the fanfiction tropes of the 2010s, by asking "What if Knuckles approved of human trafficking?". And finally Grace decides to give us all whiplash, by reading the fluffiest fic we've ever seen from her, while also teaching us about the dark secrets of Echidnas. Fics and Timestamps* It's Complex Morality For Our Simple Minds by etceterasundries: 12:13 And...Sold! by ZinkeyZe: 41:19 Made to be Broken by Murdsmouse: 1:01:48 *some podcast players don't like hyperlinks, but you can find these on our tumblr too: https://www.tumblr.com/blog/the-shipping-forecasters As always feel free to reach out to us on twitter @theshipforecast, our tumblr we are The Shipping Forecasters or contact us the old fashioned way, at thefanshippingforecast@gmail.com. We're also on Tiktok now, fellow kids, and can be found at https://www.tiktok.com/@thefanshippingforecast/. We're also on Linkedin now, if you can find us... We've also got a new show! Come listen to Fanfics and Chil, where we read a full fanfic and do sketchy accents, on all of the podcast places you can find this.

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Ep 40: Bells and Echidnas

Witchy Bites: once bitten, twice witch

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 22, 2022 105:25

Whelp, we're a little late this month, but we have two topics that are both near and dear to our hearts. Hanny is covering the history and magic of bells. Liz is covering echidnas, both science-y and witchy! We would love to hear how you use both of these in your practice!Bell References:https://witchcraftandwitches.com/witchcraft/terms-bell/https://otherworldlyoracle.com/witches-bells/https://spells8.com/witches-bells/https://spellswiccanstore.com/witch-bell-the-essential-guide-for-using-bells-in-witchcraft/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_metalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronzehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vairocanahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BellfoundingThe Elements Encyclopedia of Witch Craft by Judoka IllesEchidna References:Rock engraving of an echidna - The Australian Museum The Echidna and the Shade Tree movie - YouTubeAugee, M., Gooden, B., & Musser, A. (2006). Echidna : extraordinary egg-laying mammal. Collingwood: CSIRO.King, S. A. (2007). Animal Dreaming: the sybolic & spiritual lanague of the Australasian animals. Glen Waverley: Blue Angel Publishing.Nicol, S., & Andersen, N. (2002). The timing of hibernation in Tasmanian echidnas: why do they do it when they do? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 131(4), 603-611.Reed, A. (1993). Aboriginal myths, legends & fables. Frenchs Forest: Reed New Holland.Rismiller, P. (1999). The echidna : Australia's enigma. Hugh Lauter Levin Associates.Roberts, K., & Hughes, B. (2022). Wild Wisdom Australia: guidebook. Glen Waverly : Blue Angel Publishing.Van Dyck, S., Gynther, I., & Baker, A. (2013). Field compantion to the mammals of Australia. Sydney: New Holland Publishers.Vogelnest, L., & Portas, T. (2019). Current therapy in medicine of Australian Mammals. Clayton South: CSIRO.Watts, D. (2002). Tasmanian Mammals: a field guild. Kettering: Peregine Press. Witch Bites Socials: Facebook - Witchy Bites Podcast Instagram: Witchy Bites (@witchy.bites) Opening/Closing song Indie Folk (King Around Here) | Royalty Free Music - Pixabay

Episode 5: Karina Karenina & Andrey Giljov

Mammalwatching

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 12, 2022 50:57

Charles and Jon talk to Russian biologists and mammalwatchers Karina Karenina and Andrey Giljov (aka The Travelling Zoologists) from their new home in Paraguay. In a journey that runs from the Russian steppes to the Paraguayan chaco, they talk about their work to save Russia's Saiga Antelopes and the role mammalwatching has played. They discuss how their experience as biologists has helped them to develop new techniques to watch mammals around the world. And we learn that Long-beaked Echidnas make wonderful pets.Notes: Here is more information on the comeback of European wildlife including carnivores that Charles talked about. Cover art: Selfie by Karina and Andrey.Here is the YouTube trailer.For more information visit www.mammalwatching.com/podcastDr Charles Foley is a mammalwatcher and biologist who, together with his wife Lara, spent 30 years studying elephants in Tanzania. They now run the Tanzania Conservation Research Program at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago.Jon Hall set up mammalwatching.com in 2005. Genetically Welsh, spiritually Australian, currently in New York City. He has looked for mammals in over 100 countries.

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The secret love affairs of Tasmanian echidnas

Brian Carlton: The Spoonman

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 4, 2022 3:42

Warning: This conversation mentions anatomically correct language in reference to the love affairs of echidnas. In a conversation a little too racy to be played live on air, Woody and Tubes find out all about the reproductive anatomy of the Tasmanian echidna.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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216 - Deaf Echidnas

Fitbet with Dilruk Jayasinha and Ben Lomas Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 26, 2022 50:00

It's that time of the year where Ben and Dil get up to some super weird shit. Is it for their health? or is it to generate some sweet sweet content. Either away it's super silly, dumb and full of fun!?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

deaf dil echidnas

The Poisoning of Queen Stateira, Echidnas, and the Khodynka Tragedy

Fact Off

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 7, 2022 36:54

Tap to Vote: Alex explains why the Echidna is one of the most fascinating creatures around. Mike tells the horrible tale of a coronation celebration turned deadly. Pat reveals how a Persian King's mother ended up assassinating the Queen. Facebook/Twitter/Instagram: @factoffpod Email: thefactoffpodcast@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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How Do Echidnas Work?

BrainStuff

Play Episode Listen Later May 21, 2022 5:37 Very Popular

Echidnas are spiny, toothless, egg-laying mammals -- and they only get weirder from there. Learn more about them in this episode of BrainStuff, based on this article: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/echidna.htm See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Episode 182 - Easter Echidnas

Checkpoint Chat

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 18, 2022 85:23

This week on Checkpoint Chat, we wax lyrical about Tunic and revisit childhood memories with Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga. There's also some food crimes about melting chocolate eggs, don't call the police.

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Hog Story #251 – Iraq and Peanut

Hog Story

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 4, 2022 111:52

Hog Story #251 – Iraq and Peanut- Exec. Prod., – nodebit, voidzero, SirPuck – Fletcher and Carolyn discuss Betty White, Tasmanian Devil, Echidnas, painting giveaway draw, your voicemails and much more! NOTES Raining Fish in Texas Betty White on Tonight Show w/ Johnny Carson Animalogic ART GIVEAWAY

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November 24, 2021: We're talking about echidnas and a puggle at Taronga Zoo!

Morning Kids

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 23, 2021 6:47

Happy Wednesday! It's November 24, 2021 and today, we're talking about echidnas and a puggle at Taronga Zoo! Come join us.

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Todd Gray - Footy Finals Preview with James Gardiner also, Michelle Jones from GG Wildlife Rescue

Todd For Breakfast - Triple M 98.1 Geraldton

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 29, 2021 15:01

James Gardiner Previews the first round of finals in the GNFL Michelle Jones from GG Wildlife Rescue gives us some tips regarding reptiles and echidnas See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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BumbleKast Q&A – For August 9th, 2021

KNGI Network Podcast Master Feed

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 9, 2021 95:04

Flynnheart Glomgold is here to make it rain! WAAAAAAAHAHAHAHAHA! Support the show on Patreon and Ko-Fi! Shop the BumbleStore! Find all previous questions on the Q&A Master List! Show Information Your hosts: Ian "BumbleKing" Flynn - Head writer of Sonic the Hedgehog comics for IDW Publishing and Mega Man for Archie Comics, Narrative Director for Rivals of Aether, writing for Archie, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and more Kyle "KyleJCrb" Crouse - Founder & Administrator of the KNGI Network, host of the Nitro Game Injection video game music podcast Subscribe and listen on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher and Google Play RSS Feed for podcast apps and readers Check out BumbleKing Comics and the KNGI Network Like BumbleKing Comics & KNGI on Facebook Follow @BumbleKast, @IanFlynnBKC & @KyleJCrb on Twitter Get some BumbleGear at the BumbleStore Original music in this episode composed by Ken "coda" Snyder, used with permission – Check out his music on Bandcamp Special Thanks to our friends at Noise Channel! Pay what you want for the theme song and more great music as part of their charity compilation Noisechan & Nugget: Adventures in Chiptunes Want to have your product promoted on the show? Check out the Patreon site to find out how! Want to ask us a question? Ask at: Twitter at @BumbleKast Email bumblekast [at] yahoo [dot] com YouTube comments Patrons can post on Patreon – https://patreon.com/bumblekast Scruffymatt The classic Sonic games compilations of the 2000s - Sonic Mega Collection and Sonic Gems Collection - featured numerous bonus games you could unlock, including Knuckles the Echidna in Sonic 2, Sonic 3 & Knuckles, Get Blue Spheres, and a bunch of Game Gear games. But now there is a new classic Sonic games compilation on the horizon! What unlockable bonus games do you think should be included in Sonic Origins? I want to see Knuckles' Chaotix and SegaSonic the Hedgehog, regardless of the problematic hardware. Let. :clap: Mighty. :clap: And Ray. :clap: And the Chaotix. :clap: Out. :clap: To play. :clap: Again! Speed Weed what is the most memorable, stand-out moment for you playing throughout the franchise, or even your favorite moment in any external media (manga, comics, etc.)? What is your favorite Metroid game, and what are your hopes for the future of the franchise beyond Dread? Also just a little side thing for the sonic fan in all of us, what abilities would you think Samus would have while traversing Sonic's loop-filled world, beyond the usual classic abilities? Colors and other media can count too if you'd like to so include them. Scurvy Piratehog (KoFi) Just for pure fun and hilarity (And let's face it, that's the best kind of reason)... How do you imagine a meeting between Cream the Rabbit.. and ELMER FUDD would go? And.. it's "Wabbit Season." Diane W. What kind of ice cream flavour would each of the Sonic cast like? Dove So... Does Sega recognize Knuckles as : "Last of the Echidna" "Last guardian" "Last of the Knuckles Clan" Or some mix of the above? Because except for that first option, they leave room for there to be more Echidnas in the world. Just curious the official word on more monotremes. N'Oni When will [Aleah Baker] be back on the Bumblekast? Wulfsbane I found House of Cards to be one of the more interesting arcs as we got to see Tails be the "antagonist" for a few issues. We rarely, if ever, see the good guys be bad in Sonic. Though over the years, I heard a rumor that Sega and/or Archie only allowed Tails to be the "bad guy" for only 2 issues. Is there any truth to this? And, given the chance to do it again, what would be the changes you would make, assuming that you would want to make any changes? Awf In the preboot comics we had the ruling monarchy, and then, that oh so wonderful completely un-biased Council of Acorn the run the kingdom. Does the world of IDW having a ruling body? If their a king, queen,

spotify game radio open mountain shop council stitcher sonic mighty colors snyder cream rabbit sonic the hedgehog teenage mutant ninja turtles sega house of cards rivals circuit administrators dread tails kofi mega man metroid knuckles nitro injection idw acorn aether samus archie comics elmer fudd game gear idw publishing echidna sonic origins overcoats master list molehill echidnas game fuel chaotix diane w kngi kylejcrb nitro game injection bumblekast kngi network noise channel bumbleking comics ian bumbleking flynn head kyle kylejcrb crouse founder bumblegear noisechan nugget adventures bumblekast email

BumbleKast Q&A – For August 9th, 2021

BumbleKing Comics Presents: BumbleKast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 9, 2021 95:04

Flynnheart Glomgold is here to make it rain! WAAAAAAAHAHAHAHAHA! Support the show on Patreon and Ko-Fi! Shop the BumbleStore! Find all previous questions on the Q&A Master List! Show Information Your hosts: Ian "BumbleKing" Flynn - Head writer of Sonic the Hedgehog comics for IDW Publishing and Mega Man for Archie Comics, Narrative Director for Rivals of Aether, writing for Archie, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and more Kyle "KyleJCrb" Crouse - Founder & Administrator of the KNGI Network, host of the Nitro Game Injection video game music podcast Subscribe and listen on YouTube, Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher and Google Play RSS Feed for podcast apps and readers Check out BumbleKing Comics and the KNGI Network Like BumbleKing Comics & KNGI on Facebook Follow @BumbleKast, @IanFlynnBKC & @KyleJCrb on Twitter Get some BumbleGear at the BumbleStore Original music in this episode composed by Ken "coda" Snyder, used with permission – Check out his music on Bandcamp Special Thanks to our friends at Noise Channel! Pay what you want for the theme song and more great music as part of their charity compilation Noisechan & Nugget: Adventures in Chiptunes Want to have your product promoted on the show? Check out the Patreon site to find out how! Want to ask us a question? Ask at: Twitter at @BumbleKast Email bumblekast [at] yahoo [dot] com YouTube comments Patrons can post on Patreon – https://patreon.com/bumblekast Scruffymatt The classic Sonic games compilations of the 2000s - Sonic Mega Collection and Sonic Gems Collection - featured numerous bonus games you could unlock, including Knuckles the Echidna in Sonic 2, Sonic 3 & Knuckles, Get Blue Spheres, and a bunch of Game Gear games. But now there is a new classic Sonic games compilation on the horizon! What unlockable bonus games do you think should be included in Sonic Origins? I want to see Knuckles' Chaotix and SegaSonic the Hedgehog, regardless of the problematic hardware. Let. :clap: Mighty. :clap: And Ray. :clap: And the Chaotix. :clap: Out. :clap: To play. :clap: Again! Speed Weed what is the most memorable, stand-out moment for you playing throughout the franchise, or even your favorite moment in any external media (manga, comics, etc.)? What is your favorite Metroid game, and what are your hopes for the future of the franchise beyond Dread? Also just a little side thing for the sonic fan in all of us, what abilities would you think Samus would have while traversing Sonic's loop-filled world, beyond the usual classic abilities? Colors and other media can count too if you'd like to so include them. Scurvy Piratehog (KoFi) Just for pure fun and hilarity (And let's face it, that's the best kind of reason)... How do you imagine a meeting between Cream the Rabbit.. and ELMER FUDD would go? And.. it's "Wabbit Season." Diane W. What kind of ice cream flavour would each of the Sonic cast like? Dove So... Does Sega recognize Knuckles as : "Last of the Echidna" "Last guardian" "Last of the Knuckles Clan" Or some mix of the above? Because except for that first option, they leave room for there to be more Echidnas in the world. Just curious the official word on more monotremes. N'Oni When will [Aleah Baker] be back on the Bumblekast? Wulfsbane I found House of Cards to be one of the more interesting arcs as we got to see Tails be the "antagonist" for a few issues. We rarely, if ever, see the good guys be bad in Sonic. Though over the years, I heard a rumor that Sega and/or Archie only allowed Tails to be the "bad guy" for only 2 issues. Is there any truth to this? And, given the chance to do it again, what would be the changes you would make, assuming that you would want to make any changes? Awf In the preboot comics we had the ruling monarchy, and then, that oh so wonderful completely un-biased Council of Acorn the run the kingdom. Does the world of IDW having a ruling body? If their a king, queen,

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182， Echidna

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 2, 2021 1:15

the echidna can be found in New Guinea, Australian, and Newzealand, and other small islands in the Area. The echidna lives in forests,woodlands, grasslands, shrubby areas, and agricultural lands. The echidna isendangered because in new guinea it is hunted for food and fires and droughts.There is an estimated three hundred thousand individuals left. The predators of the echidna include stray dogs, cats, dingoes,and foxes. They do have a way to protect themselves though. They have multiplespines and they'll dig into the ground. They eat animals such as ants, worms,and termites. Echidnas are somewhat related to any eaters which is why theirsnout looks similar.Echidnas get their spines about 8-12 weeks after they'reborn. It's not sure how long echidnas live for in the wild but it's around 10 years.They are small and brown, with multiple yellow spines. It has a long snout andshort stubby legs. They weigh around 8 pounds and are about a foot long.for wild suzhou i'm palm tree and then you for listening.

182， Echidna

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 2, 2021 1:15

the echidna can be found in New Guinea, Australian, and Newzealand, and other small islands in the Area. The echidna lives in forests,woodlands, grasslands, shrubby areas, and agricultural lands. The echidna isendangered because in new guinea it is hunted for food and fires and droughts.There is an estimated three hundred thousand individuals left. The predators of the echidna include stray dogs, cats, dingoes,and foxes. They do have a way to protect themselves though. They have multiplespines and they'll dig into the ground. They eat animals such as ants, worms,and termites. Echidnas are somewhat related to any eaters which is why theirsnout looks similar.Echidnas get their spines about 8-12 weeks after they'reborn. It's not sure how long echidnas live for in the wild but it's around 10 years.They are small and brown, with multiple yellow spines. It has a long snout andshort stubby legs. They weigh around 8 pounds and are about a foot long.for wild suzhou i'm palm tree and then you for listening.

182， Echidna

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 2, 2021 1:15

the echidna can be found in New Guinea, Australian, and Newzealand, and other small islands in the Area. The echidna lives in forests,woodlands, grasslands, shrubby areas, and agricultural lands. The echidna isendangered because in new guinea it is hunted for food and fires and droughts.There is an estimated three hundred thousand individuals left. The predators of the echidna include stray dogs, cats, dingoes,and foxes. They do have a way to protect themselves though. They have multiplespines and they'll dig into the ground. They eat animals such as ants, worms,and termites. Echidnas are somewhat related to any eaters which is why theirsnout looks similar.Echidnas get their spines about 8-12 weeks after they'reborn. It's not sure how long echidnas live for in the wild but it's around 10 years.They are small and brown, with multiple yellow spines. It has a long snout andshort stubby legs. They weigh around 8 pounds and are about a foot long.for wild suzhou i'm palm tree and then you for listening.

182， Echidna

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 2, 2021 1:15

the echidna can be found in New Guinea, Australian, and Newzealand, and other small islands in the Area. The echidna lives in forests,woodlands, grasslands, shrubby areas, and agricultural lands. The echidna isendangered because in new guinea it is hunted for food and fires and droughts.There is an estimated three hundred thousand individuals left. The predators of the echidna include stray dogs, cats, dingoes,and foxes. They do have a way to protect themselves though. They have multiplespines and they'll dig into the ground. They eat animals such as ants, worms,and termites. Echidnas are somewhat related to any eaters which is why theirsnout looks similar.Echidnas get their spines about 8-12 weeks after they'reborn. It's not sure how long echidnas live for in the wild but it's around 10 years.They are small and brown, with multiple yellow spines. It has a long snout andshort stubby legs. They weigh around 8 pounds and are about a foot long.for wild suzhou i'm palm tree and then you for listening.