Podcasts about Ontogeny

Maria Florencia Cesani es Licenciada en Antropología y Dra. en Ciencias Naturales por la Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Es investigadora independiente de CONICET y se desempeña como directora del Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación (LINOA) de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, de la Universidad Nacional de la Plata, donde también es Profesora de Antropología Biológica. Sus temas de investigación giran en torno al estudio del crecimiento y estado nutricional infantil y adolescente y su relación con factores sociales, económicos y ambientales que los condicionan. Actualmente trabaja en barrios vulnerables localizados en la periferia urbana de La Plata (provincia de Buenos Aires). Maria Florencia Cesani holds a degree in Anthropology and a Ph.D. in Natural Sciences from the National University of La Plata. She is an independent researcher at CONICET and Director of the Laboratory of Research on Ontogeny and Adaptation (LINOA) of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum of the National University of La Plata, where she is also Professor of Biological Anthropology. Her research interests revolve around the study of growth and nutritional status in children and adolescents and their relationship to social, economic, and environmental factors. She is currently working in vulnerable neighborhoods in the urban periphery of La Plata (Buenos Aires Province). Find the paper discussed in this episode: Cesani, M. F., Montero, M. G., & Serrano, M. D. M. (2025). Anthropometric Studies of Schoolchildren During the First Decades of the 20th Century in Spain and Argentina. American journal of human biology, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.24183 ------------------------------ Contact Dr. María Florencia Cesani: florcesani@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/florcesani ------------------------------ Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and Human Biology Association: Facebook: facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation/, Website: humbio.org, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Anahí Ruderman, Guest Co-Host, SoS Co-Producer, HBA Junior Fellow. E-mail: ruderman@cenpat-conicet.gob.ar. Twitter: @ani_ruderman Miguel Ochoa, Guest Co-Host E-mail: mochoa88@uw.edu, Cristina Gildee, SoS producer, HBA Junior Fellow Website: cristinagildee.org, E-mail: cgildee@uw.edu, Twitter:@CristinaGildee

Meredith Aulds is a practicing birth doula, community health worker, and medical anthropologist at Purdue University. As a public health worker and anthropologist, she have had the pleasure to work with both governmental and nonprofit organizations that provide free community resources to pregnant people and their families in Indiana. She is also a senior researcher in the Laboratory for Behavior, Ontogeny, and Reproduction (LABOR) at Purdue, where she have supervised undergraduate research projects in maternal-child health. She have experience in program management, grant writing, community-based programs, and qualitative/quantitative research methods. She is also a devoted dog mom, gardener, and quilting novice. In the future, she would love to become a certified yoga instructor with a focus in prenatal yoga. Find the paper discussed in this episode: Aulds, M. (2024). Prevalence of sacroiliac joint fusion in females and males depending on parity status. American journal of biological anthropology, 184(4), e24951. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24951 Contact Meredith Aulds: maulds@purdue.edu Instagram: @meredith_aulds ------------------------------ Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and Human Biology Association: Facebook: facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation/, Website: humbio.org, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Chris Lynn, Co-Host Website: cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, E-mail: cdlynn@ua.edu, Twitter:@Chris_Ly Courtney Manthey, Guest-Co-Host, Website: holylaetoli.com/ E-mail: cpierce4@uccs.edu, Twitter: @HolyLaetoli Anahi Ruderman, SoS Co-Producer, HBA Junior Fellow E-mail: aniruderman@gmail.com

A season finale is upon us. A lot remains to be said about Lysenko, epigenetics and that original cliffhanger regarding Darwins repressed theory of pangenesis. Not all has been said about Kruschev and the nuclear-bomb-corn of American Big Ag during the creation of the first truly global market of grain speculation, all has not been said about x-ray Mullers letter to Stalin that kickstarted the purge of the natural sciences or how Huxley got him into the soviet union and how they helped exiling Serebrovsky's deserter students to take part in radiation sterilisation experiments in Nazi Germany. Not much has been said about Lysenko's teachers themselves, Michurin and Timiryazev who, though already seniors when the winter palace was stormed, nonetheless gladly supported the communist reorganisation of their scientific fields.  We have yet to explore the great around-the-world adventures of Vavilov which debunked the biblical idea of a single origin of civilization, have not yet in detail told the story of Himmler's SS-biopiracy operations. During which it was not Vavilovs international Rockefeller “colleague” who defended his seed banks in Leningrad, but Lysenkoites who starved to death on their post to protect the work and legacy of a man whom western historians are telling us they saw as an enemy to be eradicated. There is a lot left to be talked about dear listener, but to really get there, we will begin today with something which our Marxist-Botanist Allan G. Morton has stated was and is “In fact, after all, the central problem of genetics, the explanation of Ontogeny.” This is a story of genetic fluidity and shaken heredity, the material dialectic critique of DNA-essentialism. 

In this episode of The Brainy Business podcast, host Melina Palmer delves into the concept of the IKEA effect, highlighting its influence on consumer behavior and business strategies. Drawing from real-life examples, Palmer emphasizes the significance of recognizing and celebrating employees' contributions in fostering a culture of innovation and engagement. By involving employees in development and change initiatives, businesses can tap into the innate need for ownership and connection.  The episode also underscores the importance of understanding human psychology and behavior as crucial elements in driving successful business outcomes. With valuable insights into leveraging the IKEA effect to optimize business strategies and enhance customer connections, the episode is a must-listen for business leaders and managers seeking to increase employee engagement and innovation. In this episode: Understand the psychological impact of the IKEA effect on consumer behavior and decision-making processes. Leverage consumer effort and engagement to drive business success. Explore the impact of perceived value on pricing strategies and consumer perception. Increase employee engagement and intrinsic motivation for enhanced productivity and innovation. Harness human psychology to drive business growth and success. Show Notes: 00:00:00 - Introduction Melina introduces the concept of the Ikea effect and its relevance in understanding consumer behavior. She explains how people value items they have built themselves more than those built by others. 00:03:43 - Understanding the Ikea Effect Melina delves into the difference between the Ikea effect and the endowment effect. She discusses studies on origami building and how individuals place higher value on their own creations, regardless of expertise. 00:09:15 - The Effort Heuristic The episode explores the concept of the effort heuristic, where people associate effort with quality, even when they are not the ones putting in the effort. Examples from research studies on art and poetry illustrate this phenomenon. 00:13:26 - Ambiguity and Effort Perception Melina discusses how perceived effort influences the valuation of ambiguous quality. Studies on medieval suits of armor reveal how the perception of effort impacts the perceived quality and value of an item, even when its quality is not easily determined. 00:16:35 - The Effort Heuristic and the IKEA Effect The discussion explores the relationship between the effort heuristic and the IKEA effect, highlighting how people value things higher when they put effort into them. 00:18:04 - Billing by the Hour The conversation delves into the challenges of billing by the hour and how it may reduce the perceived effort and value of a project, leading to misconceptions about the time and expertise required. 00:19:52 - Valuing Time and Talent The story of the engineer's minimal intervention with the cruise ship's engine illustrates the hidden time and talent that goes into certain tasks, emphasizing the need to recognize and justify the value of expertise and effort. 00:22:26 - Effort and Value Perception The discussion explores the concept of effort and value perception, citing examples of how human behavior and preferences are influenced by the perceived level of effort required for a task or product, such as with instant cake mix and build-a-bear workshops. 00:26:39 - Leveraging the IKEA Effect The conversation emphasizes the potential uses of the IKEA effect in product businesses, change management, and team dynamics, highlighting the importance of providing guidance and opportunities for creative input to enhance customer satisfaction and value perception. 00:31:45 - The Importance of Employee Feedback and Recognition Employee feedback and recognition play a crucial role in motivating employees. Celebrating employees' ideas, aligning incentives, and acknowledging their contributions can foster a culture of change and increase employee buy-in. 00:32:20 - The Power of Incentives and Social Proof Aligning incentives with the Ikea effect and using social proof can encourage employees to actively participate in change initiatives. Monetary incentives are not as effective as public recognition and acknowledgment. 00:33:19 - The Psychological Impact of the Ikea Effect The Ikea effect goes beyond marketing and change initiatives. It reflects human nature and the desire to feel connected and invested. Involving customers and employees in the creation and development process can lead to a strong sense of ownership. 00:34:09 - Human Behavior in the Age of AI Despite the increasing integration of AI and machine learning, human behavior remains essential. Businesses need to tap into the Ikea effect and other psychological concepts to enhance effectiveness and foster a sense of connection and investment. 00:35:25 -  Conclusion Melina's top insights from the conversation. What stuck with you while listening to the episode? What are you going to try? Come share it with Melina on social media -- you'll find her as @thebrainybiz everywhere and as Melina Palmer on LinkedIn. Thanks for listening. Don't forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  I hope you love everything recommended via The Brainy Business! Everything was independently reviewed and selected by me, Melina Palmer. So you know, as an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. That means if you decide to shop from the links on this page (via Amazon or others), The Brainy Business may collect a share of sales or other compensation. Let's connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube Learn and Support The Brainy Business: Check out and get your copies of Melina's Books.  Get the Books Mentioned on (or related to) this Episode:  Let's Talk, by Therese Huston The Ritual Effect, by Michael Norton What Your Employees Need and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer What Your Customer Wants and Can't Tell You, by Melina Palmer Happy Money, by Michael Norton   Top Recommended Next Episode: Endowment Effect (ep 139) Already Heard That One? Try These:  Inequity Aversion (ep 224) Confirmation Bias (ep 260) Focusing Illusion (ep 330) Change Management (ep 226) Loss Aversion (ep 316) Nick Hobson Interview (ep 161) Other Important Links:  Brainy Bites - Melina's LinkedIn Newsletter The Effort Heuristic When and How Does Labor Lead to Love? The Ontogeny and Mechanisms of the IKEA Effect The IKEA Effect: When Labor Leads to Love The IKEA Effect. A Conceptual Replication Anomalies The Endowment  Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias Little Red Wrench story from Nikki Rausch

This week, join Simon on a deep dive through time into the evolution and possible origins of neurodiversity. From the ancient wisdom of neurodivergent shamans to the brilliant minds of Einstein, Darwin, and van Gogh, we'll uncover the hidden stories of how neurodiversity has been shaping our world in unexpected ways.But it's not all sunshine and rainbows. We'll also explore the dark side of how society has often misunderstood and marginalized those who think differently, and how the fight for neurodiversity acceptance is still an ongoing battle.1. Barack, D. L., Ludwig, V. U., Parodi, F., Ahmed, N., Brannon, E. M., Ramakrishnan, A., & Platt, M. L. (2024). Attention deficits linked with proclivity to explore while foraging. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 291(1984), 20222584. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.25842. Basaglia, F. (1987). The Man Who Closed the Asylums: Franco Basaglia and the Revolution in Mental Health Care. John Foot.3. Donald, M. (1991). Origins of the Modern Mind: Three Stages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition. Harvard University Press.4. Eisenberg, D. T., Campbell, B., Gray, P. B., & Sorenson, M. D. (2008). Dopamine receptor genetic polymorphisms and body composition in undernourished pastoralists: An exploration of nutrition indices among nomadic and recently settled Ariaal men of northern Kenya. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8(1), 173. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-1735. EurekAlert. (2021, April 7). ADHD and other disorders share the same cognitive deficits. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/6480996. Feynman, R. P. (1985). "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!": Adventures of a Curious Character. W. W. Norton & Company.7. Foucault, M. (1988). Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Vintage.8. Hacking, I. (1975). Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy? Cambridge University Press.9. Laing, R. D. (1967). The Politics of Experience and The Bird of Paradise. Penguin UK.10. Mashour, G. A., & Alkire, M. T. (2013). Evolution of Consciousness: Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Emergence from General Anesthesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(Supplement 2), 10357-10364.11. New Atlas. (2023, March 10). Evolutionary benefits of ADHD illuminate why it's so common. https://newatlas.com/science/adhd-evolutionary-benefits-foraging-explore-exploit/13. Rogers, A., & Pilgrim, D. (2014). A Sociology of Mental Health and Illness. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).14. Silberman, S. (2015). NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity. Avery.15. Spikins, P. (2013). The Stone Age Origins of Autism. Recent Advances in Autism Spectrum Disorders - Volume II. InTech. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/5388316. Temple Grandin's website: https://www.templegrandin.com/, various YouTube videos and articles.17. Thagard, P. (2013, May 21). When Did Consciousness Evolve?. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hot-thought/201305/when-did-consciousness-evolve18. The Art of Autism. (2020, November 28). Was Napoleon Bonaparte on the Autism Spectrum? https://the-art-of-autism.com/was-napoleon-bonaparAs ever we thank you, our loyal listeners for sticking with us. We would love to hear from you and our Twitter is open @AtypicalThePod for messages and comments. Have a topic you would like us to cover, or do you fancy joining us for a natter, maybe tell us about your area of interest or expertise and share these things with everyone. We would also recommend our friend The Autistic Women for another great view on living with autism and our friends at the All Bets are Off podcast who cover addiction.

Hanna Mikkola, M.D., Ph.D., shares her work in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their complex renewal process. Her research aims to unravel these cells' behavior in mice and humans, offering potential insights for future medical advancements. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39258]

Hanna Mikkola, M.D., Ph.D., shares her work in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their complex renewal process. Her research aims to unravel these cells' behavior in mice and humans, offering potential insights for future medical advancements. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39258]

Hanna Mikkola, M.D., Ph.D., shares her work in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their complex renewal process. Her research aims to unravel these cells' behavior in mice and humans, offering potential insights for future medical advancements. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39258]

Hanna Mikkola, M.D., Ph.D., shares her work in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their complex renewal process. Her research aims to unravel these cells' behavior in mice and humans, offering potential insights for future medical advancements. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39258]

Hanna Mikkola, M.D., Ph.D., shares her work in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their complex renewal process. Her research aims to unravel these cells' behavior in mice and humans, offering potential insights for future medical advancements. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39258]

Hanna Mikkola, M.D., Ph.D., shares her work in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their complex renewal process. Her research aims to unravel these cells' behavior in mice and humans, offering potential insights for future medical advancements. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39258]

Hanna Mikkola, M.D., Ph.D., shares her work in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their complex renewal process. Her research aims to unravel these cells' behavior in mice and humans, offering potential insights for future medical advancements. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 39258]

Growing up is an awkward experience for everyone. Luckily, we didn't have to grow any extra legs or have the entire left side of our body become our mouth! Today we learn about how growing up works across the animal kingdom, and how we tell if a fossil animal is fully grown or not. Palaeocast Gaming Network video Gavin made about the new Pokemon Games: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIgFW91jPXc ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow us on Twitter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Topic form⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Guest Form⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Gavin's Blog⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Leave us an audio message⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube Channel --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dead-podcast/message

Thank you to the folks at Sustain (https://sustainoss.org/) for providing the hosting account for CHAOSSCast! CHAOSScast – Episode 75 In this episode, host Georg is joined by CHAOSS members, Sean, Nicole, Matt, Elizabeth, and Dawn. Today, they delve into the CHAOSS Project's goals for 2024 and beyond, highlighting efforts to establish CHAOSS metrics and models as formal international standards. The conversation covers their potential ISO standardization, strategies to grow the user community, the importance of increasing collaboration within the CHAOSS contributor community, and enhancing software contributions, acknowledging the need to value non-code contributions. They also touch on the importance of community engagement and the utility of hosted software solutions to make CHAOSS tools more accessible. We are all excited to see where this new journey takes us, and we would love for you to be a part of this journey. Hit download now to hear more! [00:02:57] The first goal discussed is to establish CHAOSS metrics and metrics models as formal international standards. Matt explains the intention to turn CHAOSS metrics into ISO standards and the early stages of this process with the Joint Development Foundation. [00:04:37] Dawn adds that having ISO standards will lend more legitimacy and visibility to their metrics. Georg differentiates between de facto standards and the goal of achieving de jure international standards. [00:06:42] The second goal is creating outreach processes and plans to promote CHAOSS and grow the user community. Nicole talks about increasing awareness and visibility of the CHAOSS Project, developing key messages, a marketing plan, and a roadmap for engagement. [00:10:20] Sean emphasizes the importance of deliberate and consistent communication. Elizabeth looks forward to sharing their outreach strategies with other open source communities. Dawn discusses focusing on user communities to distinguish them from contributors and to support user growth. [00:12:42] The third goal is to increase collaboration within the CHAOSS contributor community, with Elizabeth noting the importance of focusing on both user and contributor communities. She discusses different ways to enhance software contributions within CHAOSS and highlights the challenge of recognizing and appreciating non-code contributions, which will be a focus area for improvement. [00:14:37] Elizabeth talks about strengthening visibility and explicit partnerships with other communities and organizations, attending more events to evangelize CHAOSS and attract new community members, encouraging blogging among community members to support outreach and contribution growth, with a shoutout to Gary White's work at Verizon, and mentorship programs within CHAOSS. [00:16:41] Sean agrees on the interconnected nature of efforts to foster community engagement. Elizabeth notes that non-code contributors like project managers and community managers bring valuable skills to the community, Nicole echoes the importance of non-code contributions, Matt reflects on the complexity of community engagement. [00:20:00] Georg appreciates the ‘Chaotic of the Week' feature for its community-building benefits. He then brings up the topic of the fourth goal which is to provide hosted software as a service for consuming CHAOSS metrics, and Sean discusses the goal of providing hosted solutions to facilitate access to CHAOSS software and metrics, mentioning a survey that highlighted installation difficulties, and highlights the OSS Compass Project. [00:23:50] Dawn supports the idea of SaaS solutions for the CHAOSS software to allow less technical users to trial and decide on the best fit for their needs, Matt highlights the benefit of SaaS solutions in reducing resource constraints for different types of organizations engaging with CHAOSS metrics and models, and Georg discusses the synergy between providing hosted SaaS offerings and creating outreach processes to grow the CHAOSS user community. [00:25:15] Georg brings up the fifth goal and that is how do we provide guidance to use it and the goal is to use driven data insights to provide recommendations that help people generate new insights for their communities. Dawn shares her thoughts and mentions collaborating with various context working groups to understand their unique needs and to help interpret metric accordingly, and the creation of ‘insight guides.' [00:32:38] Dawn mentions the formation of a new data science working group with plans to involve the community in writing insight guides. Georg shares insights from a study on project health metrics and their correlation with usage data. [00:34:42] The sixth goal is discussed to evolve data policies to accommodate emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, recognizing that this an area not yet fully addressed, but is important for the future. Value Adds (Picks) of the week: [00:37:10] Georg's pick is a research project he did with Sophia Vargas on metrics. [00:37:42] Dawn's pick is an article published in ACM, called “Beyond the Repository.” [00:38:28] Nicole's pick is the book, Shoe Dog by Phil Knight. [00:39:29] Sean's pick is the book, Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny by Michael Tomasello. [00:40:15] Matt's pick is his family coming home for the holidays. [00:40:41] Elizabeth's pick is reading about this fascinating expedition into the Cyclops Mountains. Panelists: Georg Link Dawn Foster Matt Germonprez Sean Goggins Nicole Huesman Elizabeth Barron Links: CHAOSS (https://chaoss.community/) CHAOSS Project X/Twitter (https://twitter.com/chaossproj?lang=en) CHAOSScast Podcast (https://podcast.chaoss.community/) podcast@chaoss.community (mailto:podcast@chaoss.community) Georg Link Website (https://georg.link/) Dawn Foster X/Twitter (https://twitter.com/geekygirldawn) Matt Germonprez (https://www.unomaha.edu/college-of-information-science-and-technology/about/faculty-staff/matt-germonprez.php) Sean Goggins (https://www.seangoggins.net/) Nicole Huesman X/Twitter (https://twitter.com/uoduckswtd) Elizabeth Barron X/Twitter (https://twitter.com/elizabethn) Joint Development Foundation (https://jointdevelopment.org/) Metrics for OSS Viability by Gary White-CHAOSS Blog (https://chaoss.community/author/garywhite/) CHAOSSweekly (https://chaoss.community/chaossweekly-dec-04-08-2023/) Augur NEW Release v0.60.2 (https://github.com/chaoss/augur) Augur Documentation (https://oss-augur.readthedocs.io/en/main/) OSS Compass Project Information-GitHub (https://github.com/oss-compass/compass-projects-information) “Beyond the Repository” written by Amanda Casari, Julia Ferraioli, and Juniper Lovato (https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3595879) Shoe Dog by Phil Night (https://www.amazon.com/Shoe-Dog-Memoir-Creator-Nike-ebook/dp/B0176M1A44) [Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny by Michael Tomasello](https://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Human-Ontogeny-Michael-Tomasello/dp/0674248287/ref=ascdf0674248287/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=560440526833&hvpos=&hvnetw=g&hvrand=7443607677783591544&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9010778&hvtargid=pla-917360857147&psc=1&mcid=467c9a8960753e1993ff8ab6ba397646&gclid=Cj0KCQiA4NWrBhD-ARIsAFCKwWvOoZUOZjxfkIWB-bYvoppVmHMZFXFSvh-PSKvYKp2RjwXE4hQN60waArfvEALwwcB)_ Expedition Cyclops (https://www.expeditioncyclops.org/)

Summary: Ouch! Echidna spines are no joke! Join Kiersten as she discusses this amazing echidna anatomy.   For my hearing impaired listeners, a complete transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean   Show Notes:  Short-beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeates) Fact Sheet: Physical Characteristics, San Diego Wildlife Alliance Library. https://iecl.libguides.com “Observations on Fur Development in Echidna (Monotremata, Mammalia) Indicate the Spines Precede Hairs in Ontogeny,” by Lorenzo Alibardi, and George Rogers. The Anatomical Record, Vol 298, Issue4, p. 761-770.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23081 Music written and performed by Katherine Camp   Transcript  (Piano music plays) Kiersten - This is Ten Things I Like About…a ten minute, ten episode podcast about unknown or misunderstood wildlife. (Piano music stops) Welcome to Ten Things I Like About… I'm Kiersten, your host, and this is a podcast about misunderstood or unknown creatures in nature. Some we'll find right out side our doors and some are continents away but all are fascinating.  This podcast will focus ten, ten minute episodes on different animals and their amazing characteristics. Please join me on this extraordinary journey, you won't regret it. This episode continues echidnas and the sixth thing I like about them is their spines. Last episode we talked about how they defend themselves from the very few predators they have and one of those defense mechanisms was the spines they have on their backs. Today we're going to take a closer look at these spines and find out what exactly they are and how they work. All four species of echidnas have spines. You may be asking what exactly is a spine, and this is a great question, listeners. You actually have spines all over your body right now! Not exactly, but spines are modified hairs. They are made out of keratin just like all mammalian hair, including human hair and nails.  Spines grow out of the skin just like thin hairs. So spines are made up of a medulla, which is the innermost layer of hair. It's the softest and most fragile layer and functions as the marrow of the hair. The medulla is surrounded by a cortex. This is the thickest layer of a hair and contains most of the pigment, when hair has pigment. The outermost layer is the cuticle which is made up of dead cells. This is also the same anatomy of the softer hairs most mammals carry, including the   echidna. Underneath the skin the canal that the spines grow out of holds a thick inner root sheath made of cornified cells which surround the growing shaft. This shaft will eventually exit the skin with a sharp, pointed end and grow into the spine.  Echidnas grow spines on the dorsal, that's the top, and the lateral, that's the sides of the body. The number of spines taper off toward the underside of the echidna where you find only softer hairs. Echidnas do have softer hairs on their back and sides, as well as the spines giving them a slightly fuzzy appearance. Echidna spines will vary in size depending on where they are on the body. Some will be longer and some will be shorter so they fit nicely along the body.  The spines of echidnas have long roots that are embedded in a special layer of muscle. This layer of muscle allows the echidna to move each spine individually. Could you imagine be able to move the hairs on your body individually? That would be so cool!  This of course aides the echidna in using its spines to protect itself from harm. The spines can be moved individually or as a group depending on what the echidna is doing.  When used for protection against a predator, the idea is that the predators will get a nose or mouth full of sharp spines that will hopefully make them think twice about trying to continue eating this echidna. You may be thinking of another animal that does the same thing with quills, the North American porcupine. They use their quills to defend themselves just like the echidna with one little difference. When a North American porcupine encounters a predator they will back into the predator's muzzle or whatever portion of their body that is exposed and the porcupine's quills will release and stick in the animal's body part. Definitely gets their point across. This is not what happens with the echidna. When a predator bites at or swipes at an echidna, their spines stay put. They are not hooked at the ends like the North American Porcupine's quills and they are made to stay attached until they are naturally shed with age. The spines of an echidna can stay attached for years.  This may have brought up another question from my intelligent listeners. What is the difference between a quill and a spine? To be completely honest I can't find a great answer to this question. I can tell you that spines are used to refer to a broader group of modified hairs where quills are a specific type of spine. You often hear the term quill used when talking about porcupines. When doing research for this podcast all the sources I referenced said echidnas have spines.  In a scientific paper published in 2014 titled “Observations on Fur Development in Echidna” the authors question whether spines are actually modified hairs. They looked at various ages of preserved specimens of baby echidnas to determine if the spines grew from modified hair follicles or different follicles altogether. Turns out they form from different follicles than those of hair, so maybe the spines are not modified hairs at all, but something unique to itself.  It will be interesting to see what further research reveals. Thanks for joining me for this pointed discussion of echidna spines because it's my sixth favorite thing about this amazing monotreme.   If you're enjoying this podcast please recommend me to friends and family and take a moment to give me a rating on whatever platform your listening. It will help me reach more listeners and give the animals I talk about an even better chance at change.    Join me next week for another episode about echidnas.       (Piano Music plays)  This has been an episode of Ten Things I like About with Kiersten and Company. Original music written and performed by Katherine Camp, piano extraordinaire.

Epistemic Status: I've researched this broad topic for a couple of years. I've read about 30+ books and 100+ articles on the topic so far (I'm not really keeping count). I've also read many other works in the related areas of normative moral philosophy, moral psychology, moral epistemology, moral methodology, and metaethics, since it's basically my area of specialization within philosophy. This project will be my PhD thesis. However, I still have 3 years of the PhD to go, so a substantial amount of my opinions on the matter are subject to changes. Disclaimer: I have received some funding as a Forethought Foundation Fellow in support of my PhD research. But all the opinions expressed here are my own. Index. Part I - Bibliography Review Part II - Preliminary Takes and Opinions (I'm writing it, coming very soon!) More parts to be published later on. Introduction. Hi everyone, this [...] ---Outline:(00:51) Index.(01:05) Introduction.(03:55) Guiding Questions.(08:33) Who has a good Personal Fit for becoming a Moral Progress researcher?(15:05) Bibliography Review.(15:32) TL;DR / Recommended Reading Order.(17:05) Amazing books (5/5 ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ - Read them and take notes)(17:15) Allen Buchanan and Rachel Powell - The Evolution of Moral Progress: A Biocultural Theory (2018) - Genre: Moral Philosophy - No Audiobook(19:32) Steven Pinker - The Better Angels of Our Nature. The Decline of Violence in History and Its Causes (2011) - Genre: Historical Trends - Audiobook Available(21:11) Hanno Sauer - Moral Teleology: A Theory of Progress (2023) - Genre: Moral Philosophy - No Audiobook(22:07) Oded Galor - The Journey of Humanity (2020) - Genre: Historical Trends - Audiobook Available(23:02) Joseph Henrichs - The Secret of Our Success (2016) - Genre: Cultural Evolution, Pre-History - Audiobook Available(23:59) Joseph Henrich - The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous (2020) - Genre: Cultural Evolution, Historical Trends since the 1300s - Audiobook Available(26:51) Great books (4/5 ⭐⭐⭐⭐ - Read them)(26:59) Victor Kumar and Richmond Campbell - A Better Ape: The Evolution of the Moral Mind and How it Made Us Human (2022) - Genre: Moral Psychology, Moral Philosophy - Audiobook Available(27:40) Philip Kitcher - Moral Progress (2021) - Genre: Moral Philosophy, Social Movements - No Audiobook(30:22) Hans Rosling - Factfulness: Ten Reasons Were Wrong About the World and Why Things Are Better Than You Think (2018) - Genre: Post-Industrial Historical Trends. - Audiobook Available(31:10) Michael Tomasello - Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny (2018)- Genre: Cognitive Human Development - No Audiobook(32:03) Jose Antonio Marina - Biography of Inhumanity (2021) - Genre: Moral Values, Cultural Evolution - Audiobook in Spanish only(32:32) Kim Sterelnys - The Evolved Apprentice: How Evolution Made Humans Unique (2009) - Genre: Human Pre-History - Audiobook Available(33:25) Jonathan Haidt - The Righteous Mind (2011) - Genre: Political Psychology - Audiobook Available(34:52) Okay books (3/5 ⭐⭐⭐ - Skim them)(34:59) Peter Singer - The Expanding Circle: Ethics and Sociobiology (1979 [2011]) - Genre: Moral Philosophy - No Audiobook(36:19) Frans de Waal - Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved (2006) - Genre: Ape Proto-Morality - No Audiobook(37:00) Robert Wright - Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny (2000) - Genre: Cultural Evolution - Audiobook Available(37:51) Joshua Greene - Moral Tribes. Emotion, Reason, and the gap between Us and Them (2013) - Genre: Moral Psychology - Audiobook Available(38:48) Derek Parfit - On What Matters (2011) (just the section on the Triple Theory) - Genre: Moral Philosophy - No Audiobook(39:28) Steven Pinker - Enlightenment Now. The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress (2018) - Genre: Social Values / Enlightenment Values - Audiobook Available(40:15) Benedict Anderson - Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism (1983) - Genre: Modernity - No Audiobook(41:26) William MacAskill - Moral Uncertainty (2020) - Genre: Moral Philosophy - No Audiobook(42:01) Daniel Dennett - Darwins Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life (1995) - Genre: Evolution - Audiobook Available(42:52) Ingmar Persson and Julian Savulescu - Unfit for the Future: The Need for Moral Enhancement (2012) - Genre: Transhumanism, Human Nature - No Audiobook(43:25) Isaiah Berlin - The Roots of Romanticism (1965) - Genre: Romantic Values, Nationalism - No Audiobook(44:06) Mediocre books (2/5 ⭐⭐ - Skip to the relevant sections)(44:13) Kwame Anthony Appiah - The Honor Code: How Moral Revolutions Happen (2010) - Genre: Moral Philosophy, Social Movements - Audiobook Available(46:13) Steven Pinker - The Blank Slate (2000) - Genre: General Psychology - Audiobook Available(47:10) Cecilia Heyes - Cognitive Gadgets: The Cultural Evolution of Thinking (2018) - Genre: Cultural Evolution, Psychology - Audiobook Available(48:11) Cass Sunstein - How Change Happens (2019) - Genre: Social Change, Policy - Audiobook Available(48:44) Angus Deaton - The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality (2013) - Genre: Trends in Global Poverty, Health - Audiobook Available(49:09) Johan Norberg - Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future (2016) - Genre: Post-Industrial Historical Trends - Audiobook Available(49:39) David Livingstone Smith - On Inhumanity: Dehumanization and How to Resist It (2020) - Genre: - Audiobook Available(50:18) Bad books (1/5 ⭐ - Skip)(50:23) Michael Shermer - The Moral Arc: How Science Makes Us Better People (2015) - Genre: Enlightenment Values - Audiobook Available(50:51) Michele Moody-Adams - Genre: Social Movements, Moral Philosophy - Making Space for Justice (2023) - Audiobook Available(51:21) Thomas Piketty - A Brief History of Equality (2021) - Genre: Historical Trends - Audiobook Available(51:44) Article collection.(52:08) Worthwhile articles (Read them).(52:55) Alright ones (Skim them).(01:03:29) Bad ones (Skip them).(01:03:55) Havent read them yet or dont remember enough to classify them.(01:05:31) Books I havent read yet, and my reasoning for why I want to read them.(01:05:37) Important books or articles I havent read yet.(01:07:13) Books or articles I havent read yet. I might read them but I consider less directly relevant or less pressing.(01:09:56) Minor readings I might do when I have free time (e.g. over the summer just to corroborate if Im missing anything important in my own work):(01:10:58) Potentially interesting extensions but probably beyond the scope of my work.(01:13:13) EA work on Moral Progress and related topics.(01:13:29) Moral Circle Expansion.(01:15:12) Economic Growth and Moral Progress.(01:15:31) Progress Studies.(01:16:22) Social and Intellectual Movements.(01:16:58) Historical Processes.(01:17:16) Cultural Evolution and Value Drift.(01:18:37) Longtermist Institutional Reform.(01:19:17) Conclusion.(01:19:46) Acknowledgements.(01:20:05) Contact Information.--- First published: December 10th, 2023 Source: https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/YC3Mvw2xNtpKxR5sK/phd-on-moral-progress-bibliography-review --- Narrated by TYPE III AUDIO.

Join Pacific Mammal Research (PacMam) scientists to learn about different marine mammals each episode! We discuss a little about the biology, behavior and fun facts about each species. Have fun and learn about marine mammals with PacMam! This week: Harp seal Presenters: Cindy Elliser, Katrina MacIver Music by Josh Burns Sources: ⁠https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/harp-sealhttps://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/species-especes/profiles-profils/harpseal-phoquegroenland-eng.html⁠ ⁠https://www.pinnipeds.org/seal-information/species-information-pages/the-phocid-seals/harp-seal⁠ ⁠https://www.britannica.com/animal/harp-seal⁠ ⁠https://nammco.no/harp-seal/⁠ New Research: Stenson et al. 2020 - Harp Seals: Monitors of Change in Differing Ecosystem: ⁠https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.569258/full⁠ Daoust and Caraguel 2012- The Canadian harp seal hunt: observations on the effectiveness of procedures to avoid poor animal welfare outcomes: ⁠https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/animal-welfare/article/abs/canadian-harp-seal-hunt-observations-on-the-effectiveness-of-procedures-to-avoid-poor-animal-welfare-outcomes/7D9A319A8F86898827F2F03E3C50B154⁠ Stenson et al 2016 - The impact of changing climate and abundance on reproduction in an ice-dependent species, the Northwest Atlantic harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus: ⁠https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/73/2/250/2614432⁠ Gmuca et al 2015 - The Fat and the Furriest: Morphological Changes in Harp Seal Fur with Ontogeny: ⁠https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/680080⁠ Lindstrom et al 2012 Harp seal foraging behaviour during summer around Svalbard in the northern Barents Sea: diet composition and the selection of prey: ⁠https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-012-1260-x⁠ Grahl-Nielsen et al 2011 - Fatty acids in harp seal blubber do not necessarily reflect their diet: ⁠https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v426/p263-276/

References Journal of Hepatology 2012 56, 704-713DOI Eur J Immunol. 2019 Jan;49(1):38-41 Front Immunol. 2016; 7: 19. Immun Ageing. 2020; 17: 16. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jun 17; 111(24): 8913–8918. Cells. 2021 Jun; 10(6): 1332 --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Today on Mushroom Hour we have the pleasure of interviewing Dr. Francisco Kuhar. Dr. Kuhar is a Mycologist specialized in the fungal diversity of gasteroid and ectomycorrhizal fungi and biotechnological applications of fungal enzymes. He has a special interest in the evolutionary biology of sequestrate forms of fungi. Dr. Kuhar is an Associate researcher at CONICET in the Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV - UNC), curator of Fungi at the CORD Herbarium and one of the leaders of Inommy Labs helping to pioneer a new fungi-based product platform.   TOPICS:    Freud, Linguistics and Life Sciences   Hongos in Patagonia   See the Future in a Spore   Hypogeous & Sequestrate Fungi   Pedomorphosis    Mutations Happening too Fast in the Evolutionary Record   Are We Too Obsessed with Adaptation in Evolutionary Biology?   The Story of Rhizopogon and Suillis     Alan Turing Equations Predicting Biological Forms   Approaching Scientific Questions with an Open Mind   Burning Questions on Underground Fungi   Matching Genetics to Traits in Fungi   Inommy Labs   Fungal Bioprospecting    LINKS:   Francisco Kuhar IG: https://www.instagram.com/franfungi   Innomy Labs: http://innomylabs.com/index.html   Hongos De Argentina: https://hongos.ar/   "Ontogeny and Phylogeny": https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674639416   Turing pattern: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_pattern   Geastrum genus: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geastrum   

Welcome to the Juras-Sick Park-Cast podcast, the Jurassic Park podcast about Michael Crichton's 1990 novel Jurassic Park, and also not about that, too.  Find the episode webpage at: Episode 51 - Control. In this episode, my terrific guest Lindsey Kinsella joins the show to chat with me about: marketing titles internationally, his terrific novel The Lazarus Taxa, The Tanis Site and Dinosaurs: The Last Day / Dinosaur Apocalypse!, imagining living in Late Cretaceous North America, what influence does Jurassic Park play, being inspired to put in the amount of research for the novel that Michael Crichton did, why do kids love dinosaurs?, 65 (2023), time travel, Timeline, Lazarus taxa, Douglas Adams, leptoceratops, imagining dinosaur behaviours and palaeoecosystems, dinosaur diets, where to find the Lazarus Taxa, and much more! Plus dinosaur news about: Ornithischian dinosaurs in Southeast Asia: a review with palaeobiogeographic implications  Ontogeny and variation of the pachycephalosaurinedinosaur Sphaerotholus buchholtzae, and its systematics within the genus (Sphaerotholus buchholtzae) Featuring the music of Snale https://snalerock.bandcamp.com/ Intro: Shelter Dog.  Outro: Buzzsaw Party Boy. The Text: This week's text is Control, spanning from pages 298 – 314. Synopsis: While considering what to do with the tranquilized Tyrannosaur and boasting that full control has been restored to Jurassic Park, the auxiliary power runs out. As the power goes out, the waterfall is halted, and the electric door separating Grant from the kids is unlocked and opened. Arnold and Wu review the system printout and sees that they've been running on auxiliary power since they reset the system back at 5:14 a.m.  Discussions surround: Doing the Math, Malcolm's History of the Western World, Timeline, Show, don't tell, Crichton Tropes, Contrivances of Plot, Movie Adaptations, Control is a Hoax, Hammond's Dream, and Island Layout. Corrections: I said that in Utah there were more than 42 ecosystems now identified in the Mesozoic rocks, but my guest Dr. Jim Kirkland said "more than 30." So, I got that terrifically wrong! Side effects:  May cause your Leptoceratops to become a Kleptoceratops!   Find it on iTunes, on Spotify (click here!) or on Podbean (click here). Thank you! The Jura-Sick Park-cast is a part of the Spring Chickens banner of amateur intellectual properties including the Spring Chickens funny pages, Tomb of the Undead graphic novel, the Second Lapse graphic novelettes, The Infantry, and the worst of it all, the King St. Capers. You can find links to all that baggage in the show notes, or by visiting the schickens.blogpost.com or finding us on Facebook, at Facebook.com/SpringChickenCapers or me, I'm on twitter at @RogersRyan22 or email me at ryansrogers-at-gmail.com.  Thank you, dearly, for tuning in to the Juras-Sick Park-Cast, the Jurassic Park podcast where we talk about the novel Jurassic Park, and also not that, too. Until next time!  #JurassicPark #MichaelCrichton

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.16.537059v1?rss=1 Authors: Cheung, G., Pauler, F. M., Koppensteiner, P., Krausgruber, T., Streicher, C., Schrammel, M., Gutmann-Oezgen, N., Ivec, A. E., Bock, C., Shigemoto, R., Hippenmeyer, S. Abstract: The superior colliculus (SC) in the mammalian midbrain is essential for multisensory integration, attention, and complex behavior (Basso and May, 2017; Cang et al., 2018). The mature SC cytoarchitecture is organized into distinct laminae and composed of a rich variety of neuronal and glial cell types (Ayupe et al., 2023; Edwards et al., 1986; May, 2006; Xie et al., 2021; Zeisel et al., 2018). Precise execution of the developmental programs regulating the generation of SC cell-type diversity is essential, because deficits due to genetic mutations have been associated with neurodevelopmental diseases and SC dysfunction (Jure, 2018; McFadyen et al., 2020). However, the fundamentals directing the ontogeny of the SC are not well understood. Here we pursued systematic lineage tracing at the single progenitor cell level in order to decipher the principles instructing the generation of cell-type diversity in the SC. We combined in silico lineage reconstruction with a novel genetic MADM (Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers)-CloneSeq approach. MADM-CloneSeq enables the unequivocal delineation of cell lineages in situ, and cell identity based on global transcriptome, of individual clonally-related cells. Our systematic reconstructions of cell lineages revealed that all neuronal cell types in SC emerge from local progenitors without any extrinsic source. Strikingly, individual SC progenitors are exceptionally multipotent with the capacity to produce all known excitatory and inhibitory neuron types of the prospective mature SC, with individual clonal units showing no pre-defined composition. At the molecular level we identified an essential role for PTEN signaling in establishing appropriate proportions of specific inhibitory and excitatory neuron types. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that individual multipotent progenitors generate the full spectrum of excitatory and inhibitory neuron types in the developing SC, providing a novel framework for the emergence of cell-type diversity and thus the ontogeny of the mammalian SC. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.17.532588v1?rss=1 Authors: Patir, A., Barrington, J., Szymkowiak, S., Straus, D., Alfieri, A., Lefevre, L., Henderson, N. C., Horsburgh, K., Ramachandran, P., McColl, B. W. Abstract: Acute stroke causes substantial mortality and morbidity and provokes extensive changes to myeloid immune cell populations in the brain that may be targets for limiting brain damage and enhancing brain repair. The most effective immunomodulatory approaches will require precise manipulation of discrete myeloid cell phenotypes in time and space to avoid harmful effects of indiscriminate neuroimmune perturbation. We sought to define how stroke alters the composition and phenotypes of mononuclear myeloid cells with particular attention to how cell ontogeny and spatial organisation combine to expand myeloid cell diversity across the brain after stroke. Multiple reactive microglial states and dual monocyte-derived populations contributed to an extensive repertoire of myeloid cells in post-stroke brain. We identified important overlap and distinctions among different cell types and states that involved ontogeny- and spatial-related properties. Notably, brain connectivity with infarcted tissue underpinned the pattern of local and remote altered cell accumulation and reactivity. Our discoveries suggest a global but anatomically-governed brain myeloid cell response to stroke that comprises diverse phenotypes arising through intrinsic cell ontogeny factors interacting with exposure to spatially-organised brain damage and neuroaxonal cues. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.07.531566v1?rss=1 Authors: Metwalli, A. H., Pross, A., Desfilis, E., Abellan, A., Medina, L. Abstract: Understanding the neural mechanisms that regulate the stress response is critical to know how animals adapt to a changing world and is one of the key factors to be considered for improving animal welfare. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is crucial for regulating physiological and endocrine responses, triggering the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamo - pituitary - adrenal axis (HPA) during stress. In mammals, several telencephalic areas, such as the amygdala and the hippocampus, regulate the autonomic system and the HPA responses. These centers include subpopulations of CRF containing neurons that, by way of CRF receptors, play modulatory roles in the emotional and cognitive aspects of stress. CRF binding protein also plays a role, buffering extracellular CRF and regulating its availability. CRF role in activation of the HPA is evolutionary conserved in vertebrates, highlighting the relevance of this system to help animals cope with adversity. However, knowledge on CRF systems in the avian telencephalon is very limited, and no information exists on detailed expression of CRF receptors and binding protein. Knowing that the stress response changes with age, with important variations during the first week posthatching, the aim of this study was to analyze mRNA expression of CRF, CRF receptors 1 and 2, and CRF binding protein in chicken telencephalon throughout embryonic and early posthatching development, using in situ hybridization. Our results demonstrate an early expression of CRF and its receptors in pallial areas regulating sensory processing, sensorimotor integration and cognition, and a late expression in subpallial areas regulating the stress response. However, CRF buffering system develops earlier in the subpallium than in the pallium. These results help to understand the mechanisms underlying the negative effects of noise and light during prehatching stages in chicken, and suggest that stress regulation becomes more sophisticated with age. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Humans have an unusually long childhood — and an unusually long elderhood past the age of reproductive activity. Why do we spend so much time playing and exploring, caregiving and reflecting, learning and transmitting? What were the evolutionary circumstances that led to our unique life history among the primates? What use is the undisciplined child brain with its tendencies to drift, scatter, and explore in a world that adults understand in such very different terms? And what can we transpose from the study of human cognition as a developmental, stagewise process to the refinement and application of machine learning technologies?Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I'm your host, Michael Garfield, and every other week we'll bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe.This week we talk to SFI External Professor Alison Gopnik, Professor of Psychology and Affiliate Professor of Philosophy at the University of California Berkeley, author of numerous books on psych, cognitive science, childhood development. She writes a column at The Wall Street Journal, alternating with Robert Sapolsky. Slate said that Gopnik is “where to go if you want to get into the head of a baby.” In our conversation we discuss the tension between exploration and exploitation, the curious evolutionary origins of human cognition, the value of old age, and she provides a sober counterpoint about life in the age of large language machine learning models.Be sure to check out our extensive show notes with links to all our references at complexity.simplecast.com. If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and consider making a donation — or finding other ways to engage with us at santafe.edu/engage.Lastly, we have a bevy of summer programs coming up! Join us June 19-23 for Collective Intelligence: Foundations + Radical Ideas, a first-ever event open to both academics and professionals, with sessions on adaptive matter, animal groups, brains, AI, teams, and more.  Space is limited! Apps close February 1st.OR Apply to participate in the Complex Systems Summer School.OR the Graduate Workshop on Complexity in Social Science.OR the Undergraduate Complexity Research program, for which apps close tonight!OR the free online Foundations and Applications in Humanities Analytics course with Complexity Explorer, which starts next week.Thank you for listening!Join our Facebook discussion group to meet like minds and talk about each episode.Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano.Follow us on social media:Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedInMentioned & Related Links:Alison Gopnik at WikipediaAlison Gopnik's Google Scholar pageExplanation as Orgasmby Alison GopnikTwitter thread for Gopnik's latest SFI Seminar on machine learning and child developmentChanges in cognitive flexibility and hypothesis search across human life history from childhood to adolescence to adulthoodby Gopnik et al.Pretense, Counterfactuals, and Bayesian Causal Models: Why What Is Not Real Really Mattersby Deena Weisberg & Alison GopnikChildhood as a solution to explore–exploit tensionsby Alison GopnikThe Origins of Common Sense in Humans and Machinesby Kevin A Smith, Eliza Kosoy, Alison Gopnik, Deepak Pathak, Alan Fern, Joshua B Tenenbaum, & Tomer UllmanWhat Does “Mind-Wandering” Mean to the Folk? An Empirical Investigationby Zachary C. Irving, Aaron Glasser, Alison Gopnik, Verity Pinter, Chandra SripadaModels of Human Scientific Discoveryby Robert Goldstone, Alison Gopnik, Paul Thagard, Tomer UllmanLove Lets Us Learn: Psychological Science Makes the Case for Policies That Help Childrenby Alison Gopnik at APSOur Favorite New Things Are the Old Onesby Alison Gopnik at The Wall Street JournalAn exchange of letters on the role of noise in collective intelligenceby Daniel Kahneman, David Krakauer, Olivier Sibony, Cass Sunstein, & David Wolpert#DEVOBIAS2018 on SFI TwitterCoarse-graining as a downward causation mechanismby Jessica FlackComplexity 90: Caleb Scharf on The Ascent of Information: Life in The Human DataomeComplexity 15: R. Maria del-Rio Chanona on Modeling Labor Markets & Tech UnemploymentLearning through the grapevine and the impact of the breadth and depth of social networksby Matthew Jackson, Suraj Malladi, & David McAdamsThe coming battle for the COVID-19 narrativeby Wendy Carlin & Sam BowlesComplexity 83: Eric Beinhocker & Diane Coyle on Rethinking Economics for A Sustainable & Prosperous WorldComplexity 97: Glen Weyl & Cris Moore on Plurality, Governance, and Decentralized SocietyDerek Thompson at The Atlantic on the forces slowing innovation at scale (citing Chu & Evans)

Summary: Did you know that birds use tools? They do! Join Cheryl and Kiersten as they discuss all the ways bird use tools.   For our hearing impaired listeners, a transcript of this podcast follows the show notes on Podbean.   Show Notes: https://pigeon.psy.tufts.edu/ https://www.birdwatchingdaily.com/news/science/various-ways-that-birds-around-the-world-use-tools/ “Bait-fishing by Birds: A Fascinating Example of Tool Use” by William E. Davis and Julie Zickefoose -  https://sora.unm.edu/ https://web.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Tool_Using.html “Tool Use in Birds: An Overview of Reported Cases, Ontogeny, and Underlying Cognitive Abilities” Thesis by Yvonne Christina Roelofs, University of Groningen   Background bird song:  Naturescapes Backyard Birds www.naturescapes.com Our email address, please reach out with comments, questions, or suggestions: thefeathereddesert@gmail.com   Transcript   Host Voice: Welcome to The Feathered Desert a podcast all about desert bird feeding in the Southwest region of the United States. (Various bird calls play) Tool Use in Birds Kiersten: Welcome to the Feathered Desert this episode will open your mind to the amazing abilities of birds. Cheryl and I are going to talk about tool use in birds! As humans one of the abilities that we thought separated us from the rest of the animal kingdom was our use of tools, but as researchers continue to study the natural world, we have discovered that we are not the only ones capable of using tools.             To research this controversial topic, scientists first started off with an accepted definition of true tool use. The definition states that true tool use is “the exertion of control over a freely manipulable external object (the tool) with the goal of (1) altering the physical properties of another object, substance, surface, or medium (the target) via a dynamic mechanical interaction, or (2) mediating the flow of information between the tool user and the environment or other organisms in the environment.”   Cheryl: We're going to start this conversation off with baiting. Baiting is the deliberate use of an item to lure prey to a predator, like when humans go fishing. We use a lure to attract fish to our hook and catch them. This is a pretty advanced form of fore-thought that many scientists didn't think birds were capable of performing, but we have two examples of baiting in birds. The first example is herons using various items to attract fish to their fishing spot. The Striated heron uses bits of bread, insects, twigs, or other vegetation to lure fish close to the branches that hang over the water that they use as hunting spots. Green herons have been seen using bread crumbs to lure fish close enough to easily catch them and chasing away coots that tried to eat their bread lure indicating the heron's understanding that the bread was helping lure fish. Use of luring has also been reported In the Great Egret, Black-crowned Night-heron, Great Blue Heron, Black Kite, Sun Bittern, and the Pied Kingfisher. Another bird that is one of our favorite Valley birds is also on our tool use list. The Burrowing Owl will line the entrance of its burrow with dung to attract one of its favorite insects to eat, the Dung Beetle. Scientists did a few experiments and discovered that owls using the dung as a lure ate 10 times more dung beetles as owls not using the lure. It's cheaper than using UberEats!   Kiersten: Anting is another example of true tool use but it involves other live animals such as insects. Anting is when a bird rubs an ant, caterpillar, centipede, snail, or other insect all over its body. It happens most often in passerines, aka songbirds, but no one really knows why they do it. One guess is that they use the chemicals in the insect as bug repellent. Another guess is that it could be a way to prepare the insect before eating, since most often the bird eats the insect after the rubbing activity.   Cheryl: Egyptian vultures love to eat ostrich eggs, but the shell is so thick they cannot crack it open with their own beaks. So, they fly up to 50 yards away to find the perfect rock to help them crack open the ostrich egg. When they find just the right rock, they hold it in their beak, stand next to the egg, and throw the stone at the egg. They only hit the target 40-60% of the time but they persist until they crack it open. The perfect rock is often an egg-shaped rock and this leads scientists to hypothesis that this behavior evolved from a time when the vultures threw eggs to crack them open instead of the other way around.   Kiersten:  An example closer to home is the Brown-headed Nuthatch. And this is a regional example of tool use. The Brown-headed nuthatches from a specific longleaf pine forest of Louisiana use bits of bark to pry off other pieces of bark in search of hidden treasures. They are looking for insects and cached pine nuts. They do this most often when the hunger quotient is high and resources are low.   Cheryl: Our next example for true tool use is drumming. Palm cockatoo males will remove twigs from trees to drum on tree trunks. They chose specific twigs that must be between 10-12 cm and they will remove any leaves or offshoots on those twigs until it's just the way they want it. Then they will beat it against the tree truck and each male has a different rhythm. We're not one hundred percent sure why they do it but it seems likely that they do it to advertise their territory and to attract a mate. The twig is often added to the nest after a successful pairing. I guess it really is true that the drummer always gets the girl!   Kiersten: Drumming actually takes us up a notch to creating tools out of available items. This is one of the most remarkable behaviors we've discovered in the bird world. The Woodpecker finch of the Galapagos Islands is an insect eating bird that loves to eat grubs. These grubs burrow into the bark of trees to protect themselves from predators, but the woodpecker finch has designed a way to outsmart them. They use a cactus spine to dig the grubs out of their hiding space and they are particular about which spine they use. They will look for just the right spine or twig and if that fails, they will snap one down to the right size. Once they have fashioned the perfect tool they will keep it with them, flying from place to place holding it in their beak.   Cheryl: One of the most amazing examples of tool making is the New Caledonia crow. This crow can make a tool out of almost anything! They break down twigs to the right size and even fashion wire into the perfect tool by bending the ends into the perfect curve. The leaf tools they develop have diversified over time on the island of New Caledonia, which is an unexpected accomplishment. A quote from Ornithology by Frank B. Gill states “The crow has developed the cultural capacity to evolve its tools in ways that resemble the feats of the early ancestors of modern humans.”   These birds are also sequential tool users which means they use multiple tools in a row to reach their objective. This is seen in captive experiments where the crow is presented with a puzzle with the reward being food. To solve the puzzle the birds must use different tools to solve each step to finally open the portion with the food. It's a behavior rarely seen in animals outside of primates.   Kiersten: I saved my favorite for last. It's not as complicated at the New Caledonia crow but it is pretty mind-blowing. The Black Kite of Australia, a type of raptor, has been seen by Aborigines for generations picking up burning sticks on the edges of wild fires and then dropping them further afield to make small prey items, such a mice, run in the direction they want them to go to catch them. This is an amazing example of tool use, but even more incredible it's the only other example of an animal using fire besides humans!   We both hope that this episode of the Feathered Desert stays with you and next time you are watching your favorite birds at your feeder you remember these examples of bird intelligence and how similar birds really are to us.  

Dr. Amanda Veile is a biological anthropologist, and her research broadly examines human birthing and breastfeeding behaviors and outcomes, and several epidemiologic factors that shape cross-cultural variation in child development. She currently maintains field research projects in Mexico and Peru. She is an Assistant Professor of Biological Anthropology, the Director of LABOR (Laboratory for Behavior, Ontogeny and Reproduction), a faculty associate at the Center on Aging and the Life Course (CALC), an executive board member of the Ingestive Behavior Research Center (IBRC), and holds a courtesy faculty appointment in the Department of Public Health at Purdue University. She is also an Assistant Editor at Birth, a peer-reviewed obstetrics and gynecology journal. Her paper discussed on today's show, titled "Household conditions modulate associations between cesarean delivery and childhood growth," can be found here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajpa.24563 ------------------------- Prof. Veile can be contacted via her website: http://www.amandaveile.com/ Or by e-mail: aveile@purdue.edu ------------------------------ Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and Human Biology Association: Facebook: www.facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation Website:humbio.org/, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Cara Ocobock, Website: sites.nd.edu/cara-ocobock/, Email:cocobock@nd.edu, Twitter:@CaraOcobock Chris Lynn, HBA Public Relations Committee Chair, Website: cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, Email: cdlynn@ua.edu, Twitter:@Chris_Ly Eric Griffith, HBA Junior Fellow, SoS producer: E-mail: eric.griffith@duke.edu

The successive recapitulation of societal development (theoretically) remains a constant. If you know what to look for.

Welcome back, friends! Apologies for the brief delay in getting this episode out. We're now happily back on track and super stoked for what we have coming up—starting with today's episode. My guest is Dr. Michael Tomasello, a voraciously interdisciplinary thinker, an incredibly productive scientist, and a pioneer in the systematic comparison of chimpanzee and human capacities. Mike is a Distinguished Professor in the department of Psychology & Neuroscience at Duke University, where also holds appointments in Evolutionary Anthropology, Philosophy, and Linguistics. He is the author of growing list of influential books, including the recent Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny and a new book coming out this fall titled The Evolution of Agency. In this conversation, Mike and I talk about how he came to study both children and chimpanzees. We discuss the challenges of working with each of these groups—and the challenges of comparing them. We talk about some of the key concepts that have figured prominently in Mike's work over the years—like joint attention and false belief—and well as some of the concepts he's been elaborating more recently—including norms, roles, and agency. We also discuss Vygotsky and Piaget; how humans got started down the path toward intense interdependence and cooperation; and what Mike thinks he got wrong earlier in his career. Lots in here, folks—let's just get to it. On to my conversation with Dr. Michael Tomasello. Enjoy!   A transcript of this episode will be available soon.   Notes and links 3:30 – Early in his career, Dr. Tomasello was affiliated with the storied Yerkes Primate Center. 5:00 – Major works by Lev Vygotsky (in translation) include Mind in Society and Thought and Language. 7:00 – A video about some of the early work of Wolfgang Kohler. 10:30 – Dr. Tomasello is the Emeritus Director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. 17:00 – A chapter outlining some key results of “looking time” (or “preferential-looking”) experiments in developmental psychology. 21:00 – A recent article by Cathal O'Madagain and Dr. Tomasello about “joint attention to mental content.” 25:00 – A paper by Holger Diessel on demonstratives and joint attention. 25:00 – A video describing work that Dr. Tomasello and colleagues have carried out on chimpanzee theory of mind. A 2019 general audience article summarizing the state of this research. 28:00 – Dr. Tomasello's book on child development, Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny, was published in 2018. 31:00 – A recent paper by Dr. Tomasello on the importance of roles in human cognition and social life. 34:00 – A recent paper by Dr. Tomasello on the psychology behind the human sense of obligation. 35:00 – A paper of Art Markman and C. Hunt Stillwell on “role-governed categories.” 36:00 – A paper by Christophe Boesch on “cooperative hunting roles” among chimpanzees. 38:00 – A very recent paper by Dr. Tomasello, “What is it like to be a chimpanzee?” 39:15 – A study by Dr. Tomasello and colleagues about whether apes (and children) monitor their decisions. 40:45 – Dr. Tomasello's most cited book, The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition, was published in 2001. 43:00 – Dr. Tomasello's next book, The Evolution of Agency, will be published in September by MIT press. You can read more about Dr. Tomasello's work at his website.   Many Minds is a project of the Diverse Intelligences Summer Institute (DISI) (https://disi.org), which is made possible by a generous grant from the Templeton World Charity Foundation to UCLA. It is hosted and produced by Kensy Cooperrider, with help from assistant producer Cecilia Padilla. Creative support is provided by DISI Directors Erica Cartmill and Jacob Foster. Our artwork is by Ben Oldroyd (https://www.mayhilldesigns.co.uk/). Our transcripts are created by Sarah Dopierala (https://sarahdopierala.wordpress.com/). You can subscribe to Many Minds on Apple, Stitcher, Spotify, Pocket Casts, Google Play, or wherever you like to listen to podcasts. **You can now subscribe to the Many Minds newsletter here!** We welcome your comments, questions, and suggestions. Feel free to email us at: manymindspodcast@gmail.com. For updates about the show, visit our website (https://disi.org/manyminds/), or follow us on Twitter: @ManyMindsPod.

In Episode 55, Gregg welcomes Tyler Volk. Tyler is Professor Emeritus of Biology and Environmental Studies at New York University. He is the author of several books, including *Metapatterns Across Space, Time, and Mind*, and *From Quarks to Culture: How We Came to Be*. Across his professional life, he has developed a big picture view of the cosmos called "combogenesis" which maps 12 levels of complexity into three realms. In this episode, he and Gregg sync up this map with UTOK's Tree of Knowledge System, with the result being a clear synergy and a hopeful advance for how we might correspond the various Big History maps into a coherent integrated pluralism.   - - -

Casey looks at embryology's failure to provide significant support in favor of the theory of universal common ancestry.

Burmese amber is well known for preserving fossils in exquisite details. This amber is dated to around 100 million years old, representing the Albian - Cenomanian ages of the Cretaceous period, so would have been deposited whilst non-avian dinosaurs still walked the land. Fossils preserved in this amber include representatives from numerous different groups including arachnids, insects, vertebrates, and plants. Whilst the amber itself (as fossilised tree sap/resin) is produced in a terrestrial environment, some marine species have been caught up in amber. This includes such animals as ostracods, snails and surprisingly even an ammonite! In the first part of this series, we speak to Dr Javier Luque, Harvard University, about the discovery of a crab in amber. We put this discovery in context by first examining what crabs are, before turning our attention to their fossil record. In the next episode, we'll take a look at the details of the discovery. Following on from this, we will discuss the political situation in Myanmar and question whether or not working with Burmese amber is currently ethical.

Burmese amber is well known for preserving fossils in exquisite details. This amber is dated to around 100 million years old, representing the Albian - Cenomanian ages of the Cretaceous period, so would have been deposited whilst non-avian dinosaurs still walked the land. Fossils preserved in this amber include representatives from numerous different groups including arachnids, insects, vertebrates, and plants. Whilst the amber itself (as fossilised tree sap/resin) is produced in a terrestrial environment, some marine species have been caught up in amber. This includes such animals as ostracods, snails and surprisingly even an ammonite! In the first part of this series, we speak to Dr Javier Luque, Harvard University, about the discovery of a crab in amber. We put this discovery in context by first examining what crabs are, before turning our attention to their fossil record. In the next episode, we'll take a look at the details of the discovery. Following on from this, we will discuss the political situation in Myanmar and question whether or not working with Burmese amber is currently ethical.

In Episode 32, Gregg welcomes Dr. Darcia Narvaez. She is Professor Emerita in the Department of Psychology at the University of Notre Dame, and has recently been identified as one of the top 2% of scientists worldwide. She is author of many excellent books and articles, including one of Gregg's all-time favorites, Neurobiology and the Development of Human Morality: Evolution, Culture, and Wisdom. In this episode, she describes her conception of the "Evolved Nest," which maps the key social, physiological, and ecological features that foster healthy human socio-emotional and moral development. They explore how this Nest aligns with the UTOK Tree of Life, and the implications for society and human development.  Darcia's Homepage: https://darcianarvaez.com/ Darcia on Twitter: https://twitter.com/morallandscapes Darcia's Moral Landscape PT Blog: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/moral-landscapes The Evolved Nest: https://evolvednest.org/ Breaking the Cycle - Reclaiming Our Humanity with Our Evolved Nest: https://breakingthecyclefilm.org/ the 6-min. Film is on YouTube with subtitles in 15 languages: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_f4fzzFc8A --- Ressources mentioned in this episode:

On this classic ID the Future, Casey Luskin talks with Jonathan Wells about his article, “Membrane Patterns Carry Ontogenetic Information That Is Specified Independently of DNA.” In this first of a series of interviews, Dr. Wells gives an overview of his article, explaining why DNA information in an embryo can only do its job in the context of spatial information that is specified independently of it. Source

Notes: 46. Laurence Pernoud, J'ettends un enfant, Pierre Horay, Paris, 1995, p. 138 47. Geraldine Lux Flanagan, Beginning Life, Dorling Kindersley, London, 1996, p. 103 48. Health in Islam, Mother's Mİlk by Hwaa Irfan, (www.islamic-paths.org/Home/English/Issues/Health/Mothers_Milk.htm) 49. Rex D. Russell, Design in Infant Nutrition, (http://www.icr.org/pubs/imp/imp-259.htm) 50. G. G. Simpson, W. Beck, An Introduction to Biology, Harcourt Brace and World, New York, 1965, p. 241. 51. Keith S. Thomson, "Ontogeny and Phylogeny Recapitulated," American Scientist, vol. 76, May/June 1988, p. 273. 52. Francis Hitching, The Neck of the Giraffe: Where Darwin Went Wrong, Ticknor and Fields, New York, 1982, p. 204.

Episode 91 of the Unscripted Podcast is with Jessica Schmitt. Jessica is the owner and founder of Mindful Ontogeny. Mindful Ontogeny is a business dedicated to the success of its clients. Their mindset and personal development coaching focuses on building a strong mindset and helping clients become the person they need to be to reach their goals. They teach relevant, applicable knowledge that changes clients' lives for the better. With regular sessions and check-ins, they really are there to help every step of the way during arguably the most important journey a person can take: the one in pursuit of their dreams. They offer coaching to individuals, as well as to teams/organizations/companies. They also offer motivational speaking to inspire your organization, team, company, or students through stories of drive, dedication, ambition, failure, persistence, and comebacks. Additionally, They offer academic tutoring for students grades K-12, where they assist with assignments and coursework, as well as teach important life skills, such as time management and organization, that are important both in and outside of the classroom. Jessica is pursuing a career as a professional ballet dancer and is currently a trainee with BalletMet. After years of holding limiting beliefs and self doubts in her dancing, she realized that if she didn't change something, she would hold herself back from achieving her goals. She immersed herself into personal development and mindset studies, learning the content of the likes of Tony Robbins, Bob Proctor, and more. Jessica has always enjoyed helping others understand ideas and concepts, and after learning ideas that completely shifted her mindset and perspective of success, she found herself wanting to help others. Additionally, she believed that her dance journey, one that is full of successes, failures, comebacks, and perseverance, could inspire others on their own success journeys, especially the youth. Mindful Ontogeny allows Jessica to spread the powerful knowledge she has learned and continues to study regularly, and give others the mindset needed to reach success on their own journeys. Not only is she a speaker and mindset/personal development coach, but she is also an academic tutor. A graduate from Monroe High School in Monroe, Wisconsin, Jessica is pursuing a B.A. in English- Technical and Professional Writing at Indiana University East online. She graduated with Distinguished Honors with a 4.2 GPA, achieved a 35 on the ACT, received her district's “Student of the Month” award twice, and was named an AP Scholar by the College Board. Throughout high school, she has taken numerous AP classes: AP U.S. History, AP Calculus AB, AP Statistics, AP Spanish, AP Psychology, and AP European History. She has completed both in-person and online courses, and has the skills to help students in both. In addition to her dancing, Jessica has participated in FBLA (Future Business Leaders of America), Link Crew, and various other community services. Jessica recognizes the immense value in developing a strong mindset and skills for success, and she wants Mindful Ontogeny to be a place where people go to be supported, mentored, and catapulted to the life they always dreamed. I was blessed with the conversation with Jessica and blown away by her wisdom for her age. I have no doubt that Mindful Ontogeny will be successful and so will she. No matter what she does in life. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/aaronconrad/support

PipemanRadio Interviews Before & ApacePipeman in the Pit is a segment of The Adventures of Pipeman Radio Show (#pipemanradio) broadcast live on W4CY Radio (www.w4cy.com), W4VET Radio, and K4HD Radio - Hollywood Talk Radio (www.k4hd.com) part of Talk 4 Radio (www.talk4radio.com) on the Talk 4 Media Network (www.talk4media.com). This podcast is also available on Talk 4 Podcasting (www.talk4podcasting.com).

PipemanRadio Interviews Before & ApaceThe Adventures of Pipeman Radio Show is broadcast live every day 10am ET- Noon ET on W4CY Radio (www.w4cy.com), W4VET Radio, and K4HD Radio (www.k4hd.com) part of Talk 4 Radio (www.talk4radio.com) on the Talk 4 Media Network (www.talk4media.com). This podcast is also available on Talk 4 Podcasting (www.talk4podcasting.com).

Ep. 14 - Nate Vennarucci (Anomalous, Ontogeny) by Cali Death Podcast

------------------Support the channel------------ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao ------------------Follow me on--------------------- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thedissenteryt/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDissenterYT Dr. Michael Tomasello is an American developmental and comparative psychologist, as well as linguist. He is Emeritus Director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, and professor of psychology at Duke University. Earning many prizes and awards from the end of the 1990s onward, he is considered one of today's most authoritative developmental and comparative psychologists. He's also the author of several books, including The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition (1999), A Natural History of Human Thinking (2014), A Natural History of Human Morality (2016), and Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny (2019). In this episode, we talk about developmental and comparative psychology, with a focus on Dr. Tomasello's latest book, Becoming Human. Topics include: comparative psychology, and how to compare ourselves to other primates; three types of morality (derived from kin selection; derived from interdependence; derived from culture); shared and collective intentionality; the development of institutions; the relationship between sociality and morality; natural and cultural morality; group selection; if human morality is innate; the importance of language; and studying isolated children. -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, PER HELGE LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, JERRY MULLER, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, JONATHAN VISSER, ANJAN KATTA, JAKOB KLINKBY, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, JOHN CONNORS, PAULINA BARREN, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ARTHUR KOH, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, MAX BEILBY, COLIN HOLBROOK, SUSAN PINKER, THOMAS TRUMBLE, PABLO SANTURBANO, SIMON COLUMBUS, PHIL KAVANAGH, JORGE ESPINHA, CORY CLARK, MARK BLYTH, ROBERTO INGUANZO, MIKKEL STORMYR, ERIC NEURMANN, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, BERNARD HUGUENEY, ALEXANDER DANNBAUER, OMARI HICKSON, PHYLICIA STEVENS, FERGAL CUSSEN, YEVHEN BODRENKO, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, DON ROSS, JOÃO ALVES DA SILVA, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, OZLEM BULUT, NATHAN NGUYEN, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, J.W., JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, IDAN SOLON, ROMAIN ROCH, DMITRY GRIGORYEV, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, TOM ROTH, YANICK PUNTER, AND ADANER USMANI! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, IAN GILLIGAN, SERGIU CODREANU, LUIS CAYETANO, MATTHEW LAVENDER, TOM VANEGDOM, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, VEGA GIDEY, AND NIRUBAN BALACHANDRAN! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MICHAL RUSIECKI, ROSEY, AND JAMES PRATT!

Consider two different, but similar situations. In the first, children are asked to pull ropes together. Candy cascades down, but in unequal distribution – three for one child and one for the other. In the second situation, the children come across the sweets but without joint labor, and again find an uneven distribution. What usually happens next differs between the two situations. When the kids work together, they tend to willingly share the proceeds so everyone ends up with an equal share. But when the candy was discovered through individual serendipity, the children tend to accept the uneven outcome and don’t equalize shares. The first situation involves what Mike Tomasello, the James F. Bonk Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Duke University, would call joint commitment; “When children produce sweets collaboratively they feel they should share them equally.” There’s no explicit promise of an equal share, but there is an implicit one that’s just as recognizable and genuine. As Tomasello details to interviewer David Edmonds in this Social Science Bites podcast, “I can say I don’t like it when you keep all the sweets – that’s my personal opinion – but when I say ‘you shouldn’t do that, you mustn’t do that, you must do this, you have to do that,’ this is not my personal opinion. This is something objective.” While this might be a normative bond that helps glue humans together, it’s not a bond he finds in our closest relatives. Tomasello points out that among chimps – with which the longtime co-director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology has a deep background researching - the dominant partner takes the spoils in almost all cases. The “we-ness” that can mark human behavior is replaced by the “me-ness” of other primates. That difference between primates and people is the basis of much of Tomasello’s career (see the work of the Tomasello Lab at Duke: “studying the development and evolution of social cognition, communication, and cooperation“) and of his 2018 book, Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny. Much of his effort has focused on great apes, our closest primate relatives, following a line of research that started with Jane Goodall learning that apes make and use tools. Great apes share many qualities with human beings – they understand causal relations, can work with the concept of quantities, can predict what others might do based on what they see and what their goal is, are good social learners, can communicate with gestures (and can learn new ones), and can work with one another in some cases. But Tomasello notes a key area in which apes and people differ. “Humans put their heads together, as a general phrase, to accomplish things that neither one can do on his or her own. So if you look at all the things you think are most amazing about humans – we’re building skyscrapers, we have social institutions like governments, we have linguistic symbols, we have math symbols, we have all these things – not one of them is the product of a single mind. These are things that were invented collaboratively at the moment or else over time as individuals build on one another’s accomplishments.” Great apes and other creatures – ants and bees do offer a limited counter-example -- don’t do that. Understanding this evolved capacity – Tomasello doesn’t like using terms like “hard-wired” or “innate” – isn’t just a matter for academic interest. While he shied away from talking about the normative implications of his research and theories, Tomasello noted the benefits of cooperation and collaboration (and also some of its less-welcome artefacts such as creating out-groups to discriminate against), whether in sports, or work, or society. While he wouldn’t develop public policies, “If you want a more cooperative society, I can tell you some things that would help.”

Piecing together the early lives of dinosaurs is difficult due to a lack of fossils from juvenile and embryonic stages. In this episode, Elsa Panciroli talks to Dr Kimi Chappelle, a postdoctoral fellow at the Evolutionary Studies Institute, part of the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. Chappelle specialises in sauropodomorphs – the precursors of the giant sauropod dinosaurs like Diplodocus. Her recent work is helping build a picture of their growth and development. Chappelle is a champion of South African palaeontology and nominated as one of the Mail and Guardian’s top 200 young South Africans in Science and Technology. With her colleagues she has published a stunning new study of sauropodomorph embryos from a fossil nest site in South Africa. This new paper visualises and describes their tiny skulls using synchrotron scan data. These fossils provide new information on dinosaur developmental processes, and places South African fossils at the heart of our understanding of their early evolution. Chappelle also talks about the latest work she’s involved with in Zimbabwe, and future research into the growth patterns of the largest dinosaurs to have ever lived.

Ever feel the existential dread induced by the realization that you are just another corporate entity from the moment of your inception? Well you should, because you are. ALL OF US ARE! The show gets more philosophical and professional, as today we present you our brand new product: a huge episode, on a huge topic, for the huge fan willing to donate a huge portion of their daily attention, and risk having their brain reprogrammed forever! We will tell you not just the meaning of life, but the meaning of reality itself! And as all great philosophers..we will constantly repeat ourselves and never shut up :) ====================== Diagram 1 Diagram 2 Diagram 3 ====================== Send us suggestions and comments to darwinsdeviations@gmail.com Intro/outro sampled from "Sequence (Mystery and Terror) 3" by Francisco Sánchez (@fanchisanchez) at pixabay.com Sound effects obtained from https://www.zapsplat.com Image Credit Frank Fox, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE, via Wikimedia Commons (Episode image is heavily edited, the image owner reserves all rights to their image, and is not affiliated with our podcast) SOURCES: A LOT of Wikipedia articles I cannot possibly list AlgaeBase: Volvox Linnaeus, 1758 MicrobeWiki: Volvox carteri Umen, James. (2020). Volvox and volvocine green algae. EvoDevo. 11. 10.1186/s13227-020-00158-7. Herron, Matthew & Nedelcu, Aurora. (2015). Volvocine Algae: From Simple to Complex Multicellularity. 10.1007/978-94-017-9642-2_7. Szövényi, Péter & Waller, Manuel & Kirbis, Alexander. (2018). Evolution of the plant body plan. 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.11.005. Herron, Matthew & Michod, Richard. (2008). Evolution of Complexity in the Volvocine Algae: Transitions in Individuality Through Darwin's Eye. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution. 62. 436-51. 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00304.x. Herron, Matthew & Hackett, Jeremiah & Aylward, Frank & Michod, Richard. (2009). Triassic origin and early radiation of multicellular volvocine algae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106. 3254-8. 10.1073/pnas.0811205106. Kirk DL. Evolution of multicellularity in the volvocine algae. Curr Opin Plant Biol. 1999;2(6):496-501. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(99)00019-9 Kirk, David. (2000). Volvox as a Model System for Studying the Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Multicellularity and Cellular Differentiation. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation. 19. 265-274. 10.1007/s003440000039. Domozych, David & Domozych, Catherine. (2014). Multicellularity in green algae: Upsizing in a walled complex. Frontiers in plant science. 5. 649. 10.3389/fpls.2014.00649. Matt, Gavriel & Umen, James. (2016). Volvox: A simple algal model for embryogenesis, morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. Developmental Biology. 419. 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.014. Starr, R.. “Colony Formation in Algae.” (1984).

Hvem var Lev Semjonovitsj Vygotskij, og hvorfor må alle lærerstudenter lære om ham? Vi drøfter den russiske psykologens korte liv, teorier og betydning for dagens psykologi og pedagogikk. I hvilken grad bør vi fokusere på slike historiske skikkelser som en del av pedagogikken, særlig om vi ikke skiller tydelig mellom pedagogisk historie og pedagogikk eller psykologi? Man kan feks spørre: Bør biologer idag lese Darwin? Og på samme måte, i dette tilfellet: Bør psykologer idag lese for eksempel en klassiker som Vygotskij? Og hvorfor, eller hvorfor ikke?   Uten å forsøke å svare endelig på dette spørsmålet, diskuterer vi likevel hva som burde være Vygotskijs rolle i dagens pedagogikk og psykologi. Målet er å gi en innføring i Vygotskijs teorier og samtidig oppfordre til slik kritisk tenking rundt hva vitenskapshistorien kan bidra med til dagens vitenskap. For litt bakgrunnshistorie om Sovjetunionen og den russiske revolusjon i 1917, hør vår episode nr.31: https://larsogpaal.libsyn.com/episode-31-den-russiske-revolusjon   Litteratur: Daniels, Harry; Cole, Michael; Wertsch, James V., (red.) (2007), The Cambridge Companion to Vygotsky, Cambridge University Press Dysthe, Olga, & Igland, Mari Ann, (2001) “Vygotskij og sosiokulturell læring”, i boken Dialog, Samspel og Læring, Abstrakt Forlag Firestein, Stuart, (2012), Ignorance: How it drives science, Oxford University Press Flynn, James R., (2012), Are We Getting Smarter? Rising IQ in the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press Klitmøller, Jacob & Hviid, Pernille (2017), “Lev Semjonovitsj Vygotskij og den kulturhistoriske psykologi”, i Gulbransen (red.) Oppvekst og psykologisk utvikling : Innføring i psykologiske perspektiver, Universitetsforlaget Meyer, Alexander, (2020), Det store skolespranget, Universitetsforlaget Piaget, Jean, (1932), The Moral Judgement of the Child, Kegan Paul van der Veer, René, og Valsiner, Jean, (1991), Understanding Vygotsky: A Quest for Synthesis, Blackwell Vygotsky, Lev S., (1978), Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes, redigert av Michael Cole, Vera John-Steiner, Sylvia Scribner, Ellen Souberman, Harvard University Press Vygotsky, Lev S., (1994), The Vygotsky Reader, redigert av René van der Veer og  Jaan Valsiner, Basil Blackwell Tomasello, Michael, (2019), Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny, Harvard University Press. Kindle Edition. ---------------------------- Logoen vår er laget av Sveinung Sudbø, se hans arbeider på originalkopi.com Musikken er av Arne Kjelsrud Mathisen, se facebooksiden Nygrenda Vev og Dur for mer info. ---------------------------- Takk for at du hører på. Ta kontakt med oss på vår facebookside eller på larsogpaal@gmail.com Det finnes ingen bedre måte å få spredt podkasten vår til flere enn via dere lyttere, så takk om du deler eller forteller andre om oss. Både Lars og Pål skriver nå på hver sin blogg, med litt varierende regelmessighet. Du finner dem på disse nettsidene: https://paljabekk.com/ https://larssandaker.blogspot.com/ Alt godt, hilsen Lars og Pål

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.09.07.279984v1?rss=1 Authors: Orioli, G., Parisi, I., van Velzen, J. L., Bremner, A. J. Abstract: The influence of visual object motion on the processing of bodily events offers a marker for the development of human infants' perception of themselves in peripersonal space. We presented 4- (n = 20) and 8-month-old (n = 20) infants with an unattended visual object moving towards or away from their body followed by a vibrotactile stimulus on their hands. The 4-month-olds' somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were modulated by approaching visual motion, demonstrating the early ontogeny of the cortical multisensory foundations of peripersonal space representations. We also observed rapid changes in these markers within the 8-month-old age group: as infants approach 9 months, salient SEP components were increasingly enhanced by (unexpected) tactile stimuli following receding visual motion. These findings provide important clues to the ontogeny of human self-awareness in the first year of life, and suggest important postnatal developments in infants' expectations about interactions between the body and the external world. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

On today’s behavioral economics foundations episode we are going to be talking about the IKEA effect as well as the effort heuristic. I’ve loved the IKEA effect concept since the moment I heard its name. It is such a quirky title, but so clear for what this concept is all about.  In its most basic form, we value things that we put effort into more than things we don’t. I’ll talk more about the details and nuances as we go through the episode and there are many more ways to use this concept than assembling your own furniture. We take a look at ways the IKEA effect plays out in our lives as well as our businesses.  The IKEA effect doesn’t just have to be used for product businesses. The IKEA effect can play a huge role in change management.  Tune in to learn more about the IKEA effect and how it impacts our lives and businesses.    Show Notes: [00:58] In its most basic form, the IKEA Effect is that we value things that we put effort into more than things we don’t. [03:52] The core of this concept is that when people have an opportunity to build something themselves and when they put some effort in, they will value that thing higher than something they didn’t build.  [04:30] Some studies have attributed this to the pride felt when assembling something yourself, and that is part of it, but it isn’t the whole story. [05:19] The endowment effect is the phenomena in our brains where simply owning something causes us to find more worth in it than what other people see in it, or in its stated price. [06:47] It may seem like the IKEA effect is merely an extension of the endowment effect, but studies have shown they are different. Even when people built something and were told they could not keep it, they still valued the item they made higher than those made by someone else. [09:05] This phenomenon makes it clear why people think their own artwork is worth more than people will pay for it, or why they ask for a lot more money than their home is worth if they put a lot of “sweat equity” into creating it. We tend to think that our effort ties into the direct value and that something we spent a lot of time on is worth more to everyone else as well. [10:12] Humans use effort as a guide for value even when we are not the ones putting in the work. This is known as the effort heuristic, which has found that even when we don’t have direct memory of the work in question (i.e. we didn’t do it ourselves), we still connect effort and quality together. [12:25] Whichever painting or poem people were told took more time to complete was the one they tended to like more and they valued it higher.  [14:17] When the image being shown is of high resolution, you can see the quality, and so that can impact the valuation in addition to the number of hours you were told it took to create. [15:22] When the quality can’t be easily determined by our eyes, other pieces of information will guide the brain’s determination of value. [17:26] The IKEA effect says that we value things higher when we put effort into them. So, the effort heuristic is present within our own IKEA effects, but when someone else is putting in the work, it can trigger the effort heuristic without being the IKEA effect. [18:08] When you are exchanging dollars for hours, it reduces the effort to each 60-minute increment. [21:02] When you are putting a value on your time, it is really hard to get individual hours to reflect your expertise and the true effort you have put into your career. The value you provide is often in the time you are saving them. Knowing what that is worth is a better way to find what to charge than your total number of hours put in. [21:52] The other side of the IKEA effect is knowing that people actually like to put in effort for things.   [23:37] Humans aren’t the only animals who value putting in the effort--birds and rats do this too. We are motivated by feeling like we did something and we earned it (whatever “it” is). [25:28] It is important that you don’t make it too hard so that the project doesn’t get completed. [26:40] The value of the IKEA effect was completely wiped away once they took the thing apart. [27:37] People get to feel like they are smart and savvy shoppers and get the benefit of feeling like they did something in assembling their table or bunk beds for the kids or whatever.   [28:09] The research shows it is best to give a little creativity, along with a lot of guidance, to ensure people will complete the task, be more satisfied with the end result, and get the full benefits of the IKEA effect. [29:33] Using the IKEA Effect for Change Management: When you are looking to introduce a change and just throw it at someone, they have no ownership of it. They didn’t put any effort in so they don’t value it that much. When they are able to help build it, it can make all the difference in whether they are a productive member of the team or a big hindrance you need to help the team get over. [31:08] If there are people on your team who are particularly resistant to change, look for opportunities to include them as early as possible in the next project. Though be warned, if you ask them and don’t include their feedback it could actually end up worse than if you don’t ask at all.  [33:29] It can help your employees look for opportunities to help bring on change themselves, and be more open to changes when they come. Fostering a culture of change doesn’t have to be difficult, and the IKEA effect can make it a little easier. [33:58] A glowing testimonial from a recent attendee of a virtual training on change management I gave to a Fortune 10 company. Looking for a webinar, training, or consulting? Email melina@thebrainybusiness.com  [35:22] If you enjoyed this episode on the IKEA effect and learned something please let me know! Don’t Forget Your FREE IKEA Effect Worksheet! Thanks for listening. Don’t forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show.  Let’s connect: Melina@TheBrainyBusiness.com The Brainy Business® on Facebook The Brainy Business on Twitter The Brainy Business on Instagram The Brainy Business on LinkedIn Melina on LinkedIn The Brainy Business on Youtube More from The Brainy Business: Master Your Mindset Mini-Course BE Thoughtful Revolution - use code BRAINY to save 10% Melina’s John Mayer Pandora Station! Listen to what she listens to while working Want to join the Twitter game?: Melina’s Tweet Pique Bec Weeks on Twitter Center for Customer Insights on Twitter Neil Hopkins on Twitter Samuel Salzer on Twitter Abaneeta Chakraborty on Twitter Articles and Past Episodes: The Effort Heuristic When and How Does Labor Lead to Love? The Ontogeny and Mechanisms of the IKEA Effect The IKEA Effect: When Labor Leads to Love The IKEA Effect. A Conceptual Replication Anomalies The Endowment  Effect, Loss Aversion, and Status Quo Bias Little Red Wrench story from Nikki Rausch Change Management What is Value? Loss Aversion Kwame Christian Interview Vision Does Not Happen In The Eyes, But In The Brain Nikki Rausch Interview Social Proof Gleb Tsipursky Interview Confirmation Bias Incentives

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.21.213629v1?rss=1 Authors: Passaro, A. P., Aydin, O., Saif, M. T. A., Stice, S. L. Abstract: Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are valuable tools for electrophysiological analysis at a cellular population level, providing assessment of neural network health and development. Analysis can be complex, however, requiring intensive processing of large high-dimensional data sets consisting of many activity parameters. As a result, valuable information is lost, as studies subjectively report relatively few metrics in the interest of simplicity and clarity. From a screening perspective, many groups report simple overall activity; we are more interested in culture health and changes in network connectivity that may not be evident from basic activity parameters. For example, general changes in overall firing rate - the most commonly reported parameter - provide no information on network development or burst character, which could change independently. Our goal was to develop a fast objective process to capture most, if not all, the valuable information gained when using MEAs in neural development and toxicity studies. We implemented principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the high dimensionality of MEA data. Upon analysis, we found that the first principal component was strongly correlated to time, representing neural culture development; therefore, factor loadings were used to create a single index score - named neural activity score (NAS) - reflective of neural maturation. To validate this score, we applied it to studies analyzing various treatments. In all cases, NAS accurately recapitulated expected results, suggesting this method is viable. This approach may be improved with larger training data sets and can be shared with other researchers using MEAs to analyze complicated treatment effects and multicellular interactions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.01.182238v1?rss=1 Authors: Vagnoni, C., Baruchin, L. J., Ghezzi, F., Ratti, S., Molnar, Z., Butt, S. Abstract: Development of the cortical circuits for sensory-motor processing require the coordinated integration of both columnar and long-range synaptic connections. To understand how this occurs at the level of individual neurons we have explored the timeline over which vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons integrate into mouse somatosensory cortex. We find a distinction in emergent long-range anterior-motor and columnar glutamatergic inputs onto layer (L)2 and L3 VIP+ interneurons respectively. In parallel, VIP+ interneurons form efferent connections onto both pyramidal cells and interneurons in the immediate column in an inside-out manner. Cell-autonomous deletion of the fate-determinant transcription factor, Prox1, spares long-range anterior-motor inputs onto VIP+ interneurons, but leads to deficits in local connectivity. This imbalance in the somatosensory circuit results in altered spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity in vivo. This identifies a critical role for VIP+ interneurons, and more broadly interneuron heterogeneity, in formative circuits of neocortex. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Learn about whether “fat-burning foods” are a real thing; why we probably can’t tell male and female dinosaurs apart; and how you can do great things by seeing yourself as part of something greater. Are "fat-burning foods" a real thing? Scientists performed a critical review to find out by Andrea Michelson Bo, S., Fadda, M., Fedele, D., Pellegrini, M., Ghigo, E., & Pellegrini, N. (2020). A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance. Nutrients, 12(4), 1161. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041161  We probably can't tell male and female dinos apart by Grant Currin Can we really tell male and female dinosaurs apart? (2020). EurekAlert! https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-05/qmuo-cwr051120.php  Hone D, Mallon JC, Hennessey P, Witmer LM. 2020. Ontogeny of a sexually selected structure in an extant archosaur Gavialis gangeticus (Pseudosuchia: Crocodylia) with implications for sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs. PeerJ 8:e9134 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9134  Gharial. (2016, May 5). Nationalgeographic.com. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/g/gharial/  ‌National Geographic Society. (2011, April 29). Paleontology. National Geographic Society. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/paleontology/  To Do Great Things, See Yourself as Part of Something Greater by Reuben Westmaas Lamothe, C. (2017, July 12). Peak Performance: The cognitive trick that elite athletes use to achieve seemingly impossible goals. Quartz; Quartz. https://qz.com/1026992/the-cognitive-trick-that-elite-athletes-use-to-achieve-seemingly-impossible-goals/  Fliegel, J. (2015, September 4). 6 Ways to Motivate Individuals to Become a Winning Team - Jordan Fliegel. Jordan Fliegel. https://jordanfliegel.com/blog/6-ways-to-motivate-individuals-to-become-a-winning-team/  Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work | Academy of Management Review. (2019). Academy of Management Review. https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amr.2001.4378011  Pick up “Peak Performance: Elevate Your Game, Avoid Burnout, and Thrive with the New Science of Success” on Amazon https://amzn.to/2zCGVzM  Subscribe to Curiosity Daily to learn something new every day with Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer. You can also listen to our podcast as part of your Alexa Flash Briefing; Amazon smart speakers users, click/tap “enable” here: https://www.amazon.com/Curiosity-com-Curiosity-Daily-from/dp/B07CP17DJY 

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution dramatically increased the arguments for racism according to Harvard's famed evolutionist Stephen Jay Gould, as The Origin of Species book is subtitled, "Preservation of Favoured Races". Darwin also wrote that "the negro" is closer to "the gorilla" than is the evolutionist's own "civilized" race. * Racist Darwin's Racist Writings: * Darwin Claimed Blacks Are Closer to Apes: Later editions of Darwin's Origin of Species dropped the phrase "Favored Races" from the book's title. But then in his second book, after asking whether man has given rise to races that "must be classed as doubtful species", Darwin ominously wrote: At some future period, not very distant as measured by centuries, the civilised races of man will almost certainly exterminate and replace throughout the world the savage races. At the same time the anthropomorphous apes, as Professor Schaaffhausen has remarked, will no doubt be exterminated. The break [between humans and animals] will then be rendered wider, for it will intervene between man in a more civilised state, as we may hope, than the Caucasian, and some ape as low as a baboon, instead of as at present between the negro... and the gorilla. -Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, p. 156. * Darwin's Racism Spreads Fast and Furious: A famed 20th-century evolutionist, Harvard's Stephen Jay Gould, admitted: Biological arguments for racism may have been common before 1850, but they increased by orders of magnitude following the acceptance of evolutionary theory. * True White Privilege Given to Whites by Liberals: RSR hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams discuss the true white privilege, that our own white children are warned not to be racist while cruelly, black children are told by liberals that they are not able to be racist. That dehumanizing absurdity is a primary reason for the seething and unchecked systemic racism within the black community. Further, the epidemic of black violence is the main reason for tension between overwhelmingly non-racist police departments and the broadly racist black community. Black Lives Matter to the cops but not to Black Lives Matter. So the guys air audio from scholars Heather Mac Donald and Voddie Bacham but not before quoting God's Word, that God "has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth..." * Ballotopedia News: Bob was quoted this week by this news outlet in their article, Coloradans will decide a ballot initiative in November that would prohibit abortions after 22 weeks gestational age: Bob Enyart, a spokesman for Colorado Right to Life, told Rewire.News, "Our misguided pro-life allies have presided over decades of regulating child-killing. You don’t regulate crime; you deter crime." * Cops Save Black Lives: The police have saved tens of thousands of black lives which is far more than any other government program or department. "The Police" haven't killed a black man in living memory. "A police officer" or "officers" have rarely unjustifiably killed the innocent. The left's rage would be not one speck less if no police officer had killed any unarmed black over the last thirty years. See also our kgov.com/ways-to-reduce-crime. * See Also Scholar Voddie Baucham on Race:    

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution dramatically increased the arguments for racism according to Harvard's famed evolutionist Stephen Jay Gould, as The Origin of Species book is subtitled, "Preservation of Favoured Races". Darwin also wrote that "the negro" is closer to "the gorilla" than is the evolutionist's own "civilized" race. * Racist Darwin's Racist Writings: * Darwin Claimed Blacks Are Closer to Apes: Later editions of Darwin's Origin of Species dropped the phrase "Favored Races" from the book's title. But then in his second book, after asking whether man has given rise to races that "must be classed as doubtful species", Darwin ominously wrote: At some future period, not very distant as measured by centuries, the civilised races of man will almost certainly exterminate and replace throughout the world the savage races. At the same time the anthropomorphous apes, as Professor Schaaffhausen has remarked, will no doubt be exterminated. The break [between humans and animals] will then be rendered wider, for it will intervene between man in a more civilised state, as we may hope, than the Caucasian, and some ape as low as a baboon, instead of as at present between the negro... and the gorilla. -Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, p. 156. * Darwin's Racism Spreads Fast and Furious: A famed 20th-century evolutionist, Harvard's Stephen Jay Gould, admitted: Biological arguments for racism may have been common before 1850, but they increased by orders of magnitude following the acceptance of evolutionary theory. * True White Privilege Given to Whites by Liberals: RSR hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams discuss the true white privilege, that our own white children are warned not to be racist while cruelly, black children are told by liberals that they are not able to be racist. That dehumanizing absurdity is a primary reason for the seething and unchecked systemic racism within the black community. Further, the epidemic of black violence is the main reason for tension between overwhelmingly non-racist police departments and the broadly racist black community. Black Lives Matter to the cops but not to Black Lives Matter. So the guys air audio from scholars Heather Mac Donald and Voddie Bacham but not before quoting God's Word, that God "has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth..." * Ballotopedia News: Bob was quoted this week by this news outlet in their article, Coloradans will decide a ballot initiative in November that would prohibit abortions after 22 weeks gestational age: Bob Enyart, a spokesman for Colorado Right to Life, told Rewire.News, "Our misguided pro-life allies have presided over decades of regulating child-killing. You don’t regulate crime; you deter crime." * Cops Save Black Lives: The police have saved tens of thousands of black lives which is far more than any other government program or department. "The Police" haven't killed a black man in living memory. "A police officer" or "officers" have rarely unjustifiably killed the innocent. The left's rage would be not one speck less if no police officer had killed any unarmed black over the last thirty years. See also our kgov.com/ways-to-reduce-crime. * See Also Scholar Voddie Baucham on Race:    

------------------Support the channel------------ Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenter SubscribeStar: https://www.subscribestar.com/the-dissenter PayPal: paypal.me/thedissenter PayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuy PayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9l PayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpz PayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9m PayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao ------------------Follow me on--------------------- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thedissenteryt/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDissenterYT Anchor (podcast): https://anchor.fm/thedissenter Dr. Cristine Legare is a professor of psychology and the director of the Evolution, Variation, and Ontogeny of Learning Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin. Her research examines how the human mind enables us to learn, create, and transmit culture. She conducts comparisons across age, culture, and species to address fundamental questions about cognitive and cultural evolution. In this episode, we first talk about the phylogenetic and ontogenetic bases of culture. We also refer to the cognitive bases of culture. We ask if isolated individuals would ever develop culture. We discuss how children acquire culture; core knowledge, and how it varies across societies; causal learning; imitation; and natural and supernatural explanatory frameworks. We then address what renders it so difficult for people to accept and understand evolution by natural selection. -- Follow Dr. Legare's work: Faculty page: http://bit.ly/2qY2s1E Website: http://bit.ly/2RUtm5n ResearchGate profile: http://bit.ly/35p20bG Twitter handle: @CristineLegare -- A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: KARIN LIETZCKE, ANN BLANCHETTE, PER HELGE LARSEN, LAU GUERREIRO, JERRY MULLER, HANS FREDRIK SUNDE, BERNARDO SEIXAS, HERBERT GINTIS, RUTGER VOS, RICARDO VLADIMIRO, BO WINEGARD, VEGA GIDEY, CRAIG HEALY, OLAF ALEX, PHILIP KURIAN, JONATHAN VISSER, DAVID DIAS, ANJAN KATTA, JAKOB KLINKBY, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, JOHN CONNORS, PAULINA BARREN, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ARTHUR KOH, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, MAX BEILBY, COLIN HOLBROOK, SUSAN PINKER, THOMAS TRUMBLE, PABLO SANTURBANO, SIMON COLUMBUS, PHIL KAVANAGH, JORGE ESPINHA, AND CORY CLARK! A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, ROSEY, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, IAN GILLIGAN, SERGIU CODREANU, AND LUIS CAYETANO! AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCER, MICHAL RUSIECKI!

Michael Tomasello calls in for an informative hour helping us understand the development of our species and the capabilities we grow into along the way. His new book "Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny" develops deep insights into the human trajectory. Listen in and check out Tomasello's website: https://psychandneuro.duke.edu/people/michael-tomasello Episode originally aired on October 25, 2019 at KZSU Stanford.  Guest: Michael Tomasello Host: Benjamin S. Woodford Cohost: Diego Sierra  

In episode 99 of the Psychcast, Frank Yeomans, MD, PhD, clinical associate professor of psychiatry at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., spoke with Dr. Norris at the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (GAP) fall 2019 meeting about treating patients with personality disorders. Characteristics of personality disorders A personality disorder affects the quality of a person’s experience and his or her ability to deal with challenges in life, including comorbid psychiatric disorders. A personality disorder is not based on symptoms alone and determines how people engage with their environment; it is a part of the biological side of psychiatry. The DSM traditionally relied on a traits-based definition of personality disorders. Yet, in the “emerging measures and models” section, the DSM-5 describes a dimensional/categorical model of personality disorders, which looks at personality disorders as combinations of core impairments in personality functioning with specific configurations of problematic personality traits. This harkens back to the concept of borderline personality organization as outlined by Otto F. Kernberg, MD. The dimensional model suggests that individuals with personality disorders benefit from behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), to treat problematic traits. Exploratory and insight-focused psychotherapies can help individuals understand their personality organization. Ideally, the treatments for personality disorders would be sequenced, starting with CBT or DBT and transitioning into exploratory therapy. Much like borderline personality disorder, at the core of narcissistic personality disorder is a fragmented sense of self, but in the latter disorder, a self-centered narrative exists that is coherent to the person but does not support reality. If mental health is defined as the ability to adapt to the different circumstances of life, people with narcissism cannot adapt and instead, develop a grandiose narrative to soothe the fragmented self. Therapeutic interventions for narcissism focus on disrupting the narrative in a gentle way that allows patients to understand the model in which they currently experience the world and then reconstitute an adaptive narrative. An effective treatment approach is psychodynamic therapy, with a focus on a treatment contract and specific, explicitly agreed-upon goals. Try to focus more on the interaction with the patient than on the narrative content of the session. The therapy must focused on how the patient acts in therapy, and their adaptations and reactions, because these are the actions that negatively affect their relationships and daily lives. The biological part of a person is processed at the psychological level, so psychiatrists must be interested in psychological aspects of treatment. References Sharp C et al. The structure of personality pathology: Both general ('G') and specific ('S') factors? Abnorm Psychol. 2015 May;124(2):387-98. Gunderson JG. Borderline personality disorder: Ontogeny of a diagnosis. Am J Psychiatry. 2009 May 1;166(5):530-9. Caligor E et al. Narcissistic personality disorder: Diagnostic and clinical challenges. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 May;172(5):415-22. Morey LC et al. Personality disorders in DSM-5: Emerging research on the alternative model. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015 Apr;17(4):558. *  *  *  For more MDedge Podcasts, go to mdedge.com/podcasts Email the show: podcasts@mdedge.com Interact with us on Twitter: @MDedgePsych    

In this kick-off episode of the first season of Thesis the Life, we are talking with Patrese Robinson-Drummer, who defended her thesis at the University of Delaware within the past few years and has been working as a post-doc researcher at NYU. She will be starting a professorship in the coming year. Today she is talking to us about the "Ontogeny of Learning and Memory"; how the brain develops to support the gradual development of the ability to learn new things, form new associations, and draw on memory to guide behavior. My name is David Maisson. As always you can follow me on my website, on twitter @DMaisson, or on Instagram @d_maiss. If you like what you hear and want to become a supporting patron of the show, please subscribe here, on Patreon.  Music credit: "Acoustic Breeze" was downloaded as Royalty Free Music from www.bensound.com.

The Ediacaran Period is host to the first large and complex multicellular organisms known in the fossil record. This 'Ediacaran Biota' has long eluded definitive placement on the tree of life, seemingly falling between even the most fundamental of its branches. At the core of this taxonomic issue are their unique body plans, not seen replicated in any other kingdom. Amongst the researchers trying to unravel the mystery of these organisms is Dr Frances Dunn of the University of Oxford. Frankie has been researching the developmental biology of the Ediacaran Biota in the hope that we can learn more from how these forms grew, as opposed to what they eventually grew into.

Podcast 13 - You Can't Teach an Old Dog New Tricks ABA technical concepts covered in this podcast: Discriminative Stimuli or Sd; Evocative MO’s; Ontogeny; neuroplasticity; pivotal behaviours; Maintenance; Intrinsic vs. extrinsic reinforcers; Unconditioned R+ and R-; Conditioned R+; Stimulus Control; Pairing; NCR; Topographies of behaviour; Stimulus class; Desensitization; Habit reversal; Flooding procedure; de-stimulation; Cusp behaviours; contextual cues; choosing target behaviour; social validity; dysregulation; behaviour shaping; Positive Behaviour Support; behaviour intensitiesPresenters - Bobbi Hoadley and Cathy KnightsCathy's dog Clara is the star of this discussion about desensitization. Teaching an old dog or an adolescent one doesn't have to be challenging if you know how!We like to talk about behaviour, yours, mine, and the dogs. The theme: you can’t teach an old dog new tricks and looking at why that’s a myth.We have MO’s that are driven by our internal states. Hormones are one example. Cathy’s dog recently spayed, could be reacting to that internal state. Also the age, adolescence she is creating neuro connections all the time. As you become older, neuro connections become harder and harder to change. It’s just a little more work to change when you’re older. She will probably mature.Bribing with treats doesn’t maintain behaviour unless it turns into an intrinsic reinforcer. Wanting to please the owner will be intrinsic. Can be the same with people. Use an external reinforcer to pair ourselves with it. But we need stimulus control for behaviour change. The best way is to have good rapport, then you have influence. Influence can become stimulus control.Cathy’s dog appears to be aggressive toward other animals, including dogs. Without knowing the learning history, as she is a rescue dog, it is difficult to understand the behaviour fully. There was a time when people thought that removing the fear of water out of someone was best done by throwing them in the pool. There are still misconceptions around de-sensitization.The first step is rapport. Very often we teach some foundational behaviours first, before a desensitization technique. Cathy’s dog Clara, it can be hard to de-stimulate her. People can actually be more reactive to the suggestion of the object of fear.People who are afraid of dogs, can become very reactive to hearing the word dog or hearing the dog bark in the distance. Whereas they can look at a picture of a dog and say it’s cute. The anticipation can create more anxiety than the object itself. Not to say that an aggressive dog wouldn’t bring on a huge attack of fear. The suggestion of the dog on a more regular basis can create more reactivity.You don’t want to mix up typical behaviour with the challenging behaviour that is so antisocial. You know what the stimulus is for Clara - it’s another dog. You’ve been building rapport with her and gaining some control. Provide non-contingent reinforcement meaning she doesn’t have to do anything in return. Caring, generosity, attention, eye contact, smiles, compliments, interest in who they are. The other one is pair yourself with primary reinforcers – food, warmth, all the good things in life. Anyone who cannot build rapport, cannot teach, and then you have no control over stimuli.The next is to understand that labels or suggestions can activate the behaviour. If she is easily overstimulated, you need to get control over that first. Otherwise she can’t hear what you are trying to teach. Cathy is now pairing de-stimulation with a command. She is teaching Clara some regulation, but really they are tricks to perform. Without the intrinsic reinforce of how to self-soothe or calm. Tricks are different from habits. Feeling calm is a whole lot better than not feeling calm. Clara needs to learn a foundational behaviour of how to de-stimulate and regulate. It’s different for everyone, is it poor waiting behaviour, low frustration tolerance, poor self-monitoring, poor self-regulating – any one of these behaviours can cause a person to become reactive in an environment where they feel threatened. We teach a lot of self-soothing and resilience. Resilience is the ability to have a set-back and be able to bring yourself back from it. It’s tied to the self-soothing.Cathy’s been reinforcing successive approximations of behaviour with Clara and the dishwasher. That’s what she will be doing with desensitization. Any organism is an investment in relationship. Rescue animals are a special commitment.  

How do we actually learn to communicate? How is it different from how other animals learn it? Michael Tomasello explores what may be at the very heart of relating and communicating: shared attention. Alan Alda first met Michael when he interviewed him a few years ago in Leipzig, Germany. Michael was already doing experiments that studied the differences between how human children and chimps learn to communicate. He’s tracked the fascinating path humans take in learning to connect with one another – and we can learn a lot from it. Michael Tomasello heads up the world renowned Tomasello Lab at Duke University. His latest book, “Becoming Human: A Theory of Ontogeny” offers a radical reconsideration of how we develop the qualities that make us human, based on Michael’s decades of cutting-edge experimental work when he was the head of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Support the show.

VIDEOAlthough great apes collaborate for some purposes, recent studies comparing chimpanzees and human children suggest that human collaboration is unique both cognitively and motivationally. In particular humans seem adapted for collaborative foraging, as even young children display numerous relevant mechanisms, from special ways of coordinating and communicating to special ways of sharing food to special forms of social evaluation. The Shared Intentionality hypothesis specifies the ontogeny of these underlying mechanisms and their consequences for both human cognition and human social life.

“Ontogeny recapitulates philogeny.” It is something I had to learn in detail in an advanced Biology class in college where, just as we finished the final, we were told that it was no longer thought to be true…Did you ever have to learn something in school that you knew would NEVER be relevant in your life? God’s invitation to you – from His heart to yours – will never be irrelevant. It is a gift to receive and a gift to live in!

Sauropods are the most iconic of dinosaurs. They’re the big guys, bigger than any animal alive today. In fact, they were the largest land animals that ever lived, with huge torsos, extremely long necks and tails, and massive legs. Paleontologist Cary Woodruff is going to tell us all about sauropods, from why scientists think they got so big, to how they managed to move around, and what their lives were like. Woodruff's research focuses on sauropod biomechanics and ontogeny. Ontogeny, is a field of biology that examines the changes an animal’s body, especially its bones, undergoes as it develops and matures. Woodruff currently works in the lab of paleontologist Dr. David Evans at Toronto’s Royal Ontario Museum, and is earning his Ph.D. from the University of Toronto. While at Montana State University for his undergraduate and master’s degrees, Woodruff worked with paleontologist Dr. Jack Horner, the legendary dinosaur researcher, fossil-hunter and technical advisor on the Jurassic Park movies. Woodruff, a Virginia native, is the author or co-author of a number of significant research studies on dinosaurs, including examining the biomechanics of sauropods’ long necks, and describing the first burrowing dinosaur, called Oryctodromeus cubicularis. In addition to his position at the Royal Ontario Museum, he is the director of paleontology at the Great Plains Dinosaur Museum in Malta, Montana. Our interview took place in Cleveland, while Woodruff was visiting the Cleveland Museum of Natural History to examine our sauropod specimen, Haplocanthosaurus delfsi.

Animals don’t start their lives as tiny copies of adults; there are all sorts of changes that a creature goes through from fertilization to birth and from newborn to mature. This development is called ontogeny. In this episode, we discuss how ontogenetic change impacts animals as they grow, what we can learn from these patterns, and how ontogeny can cause confusion in the fossil record. In the news: colorful moth fossils, an enormous ichthyosaur, Neanderthals' strange faces, and sea turtle navigation. Time markers: Intro & Announcements: 00:00:00 News: 00:05:00 Main discussion, Part 1: 00:30:30 Main discussion, Part 2: 01:08:30 Check out our blog for bonus info and pictures: http://commondescentpodcast.wordpress.com/ Follow and Support us on: Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/commondescentpodcast Twitter: https://twitter.com/CommonDescentPC Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/commondescentpodcast/ PodBean: https://commondescentpodcast.podbean.com/ iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-common-descent-podcast/id1207586509?mt=2 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCePRXHEnZmTGum2r1l2mduw The Intro and Outro music is “On the Origin of Species” by Protodome. More music like this at http://ocremix.org. Muscial Interludes are "Professor Umlaut" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Since modern scientists searching for our past are is severely limited by the scarcity of physical remains, the modern theories of our origins are very far from the truth. Surprisingly, one well-known anthropologist gave an important clue for learning our true history: “Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.” —Haeckel By studying the phases of development of the human embryo, we can see the mirror image of our true origins, which are far older and more incredible than your school textbooks or Sunday School teachers ever imagined, and in fact relate well with the most cutting-edge modern science and mathematics.  This lecture compares the knowledge of modern science with conscious science and scripture, to study the evolution of sex from the ancient past to today, including: Our Ancestors “Polaris”: Thule. Non-physical. Asexual (division). “Hyperborea”: Androgynous. Reproduced by sprouting. “Lemuria” (Nephilim): gradual appearance into physical world, then division of sexes. Adam and Eve. “Atlantis”: Noah “Aryan”: contemporary humanity "By Chokmah (wisdom) in Yesod (sex) יהוה hath founded the earth (the body); by Binah (intelligence) he established שמים (fiery waters) .By his Daath (sexual knowledge) the depths are divided [into Abba and Aima, Father-Mother, Adam and Eve], and the clouds distillate the טל dew [sexual energy in Yesod]. My son, let not them depart from thine sight: keep working wisely and discretely…” - Proverbs 3 Three Types of Sexual Energy the energy related to reproduction of the race and the health of the physical body in general. the energy having to do with thought, feeling and will the energy related with the divine spirit (Innermost)

Are there any adaptive differences between juvenile and adult Theropod Dinosaurs? Rich Bykowski compared three morphological components (skull shape, teeth, and limb bones) of juveniles to adults to answer this question.

In this episode the gang discusses two papers about how niche breadth can change as organisms grow, with one paper looking at modern organisms and the other focusing on extinct fossil taxa. Also, James is fascinated by New York's greatest "hero", Amanda becomes "enthusiastic" in her defense of a topic, and witness the dark middle chapter of the podcast as Curt "ruins everything". We also have an in-depth discussion on what can and cannot be classified as a pie.... it's one of those podcasts. Skip to 12 minutes in if you want to start learning about science. References Dick, Daniel G., Günter Schweigert, and Erin E. Maxwell. "Trophic niche ontogeny and palaeoecology of early Toarcian Stenopterygius (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)." Palaeontology (2016). Purwandana, Deni, et al. "Ecological allometries and niche use dynamics across Komodo dragon ontogeny." The Science of Nature 103.3-4 (2016): 1-11.

In this episode, the gang gets vitriolic about people getting vitriolic as they discuss the unexpected drama that ensued after a seemingly benign paper on the phylogenetic position of fossil remoras was published. Furthermore, after angrily pleading for everyone to calm the hell down, Curt then proceeds to spread the hate around. Also, Amanda enjoys a delicious non-kosher ham and James extols the virtues of vegetarianism while eating ham. Also ham.   References: Britz, Ralf, and G. David Johnson. "Ontogeny and homology of the skeletal elements that form the sucking disc of remoras (Teleostei, Echeneoidei, Echeneidae)." Journal of morphology 273.12 (2012): 1353-1366. Friedman, Matt, et al. "An early fossil remora (Echeneoidea) reveals the evolutionary assembly of the adhesion disc." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280.1766 (2013). Britz, R., L. Rüber, and G. D. Johnson. "Reinventing the disc: a reminder to give credit to past giants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences281.1784 (2014): 20132920. Friedman, Matt, et al. "On fossils, phylogenies and sequences of evolutionary change." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281.1784 (2014): 20140115.

Click to Subscribe to All Ben's Fitness & Get A Free Surprise Gift from Ben. Click here for the full written transcript of this podcast episode. Aug 22, 2012 free podcast: What Kind Of Sports Drink or Gel Is Best For Endurance Exercise? Also: upper body strength for swimming, is honey a good energy source, is a "hair analysis" worth while, should you "run through menopause", chlorine sensitivities, dealing with a labrum tear, xenoestrogens and weight changes, cycling and sciatica pain , and ways to deal with metatarsal pain. Have a podcast question for Ben? Click the tab on the right side of the screen, call toll free to 1-877-209-9439, Skype to “pacificfit” or scroll down on this post to access the free “Ask Ben” form. NEW Enhanced Podcast - For those of you with devices that support the M4A file type (Apple, some recent Android, Sonos, Creative Zen, Zune, some Sony, Nintendo DS, Wii, PSP, some Nokia and some Blackberry... and a few more) we have a new "enhanced" version of the podcast... with chapters! Download it here and let us know what you think. If you have trouble listening, downloading, or transferring to your mp3 player just e-mail ben@bengreenfieldfitness.com. Also, please don't forget to leave the podcast a ranking in iTunes - it only takes a minute of your time and it helps grow our healthy community! ----------------------------------------------------- News Flashes: To get these and other interesting news flashes every week, follow Ben on Twitter and Google+. If your kids are swimming in pools a lot, you need to be giving them antioxidants. Here's why. Simply using an iPad after midnight decreases melatonin production by 23%! Cool way to figure out whether you're a "morning" or an "evening" person. ----------------------------------------------------- Special Announcements: Cooking Class with Ben & Jessa Greenfield: "Make Your Own Probiotics" - Thursday, August 23, 6:30-8pm. Fee: $5 per person – includes recipes and samples. Location: Pilgrim's Health Education Center. Ben is going to be at Ironman Canada - drop him an email or @ him on Twitter if you want to say hi! Need blood testing to find out your health or performance biomarkers? - Ben recommends WellnessFX ----------------------------------------------------- Listener Q&A: As compiled and read by Brock, the Ben Greenfield Fitness Podcast "sidekick". Audio Question from Keith: Wants to know Ben's opinion on Tailwind Endurance Fuel. ~ In my response I mention Osmo Nutrition. Eve asks: I am a typically pear shaped female. I have done strength training diligently for several years, and I have trained for triathlon for almost a year. My upper body strength is really holding me back on the swim. I train swimming 3 times per week. I have worked with swim coaches and have followed numerous strength training protocols with several personal trainers. I bought your book "strength training for triathletes" and followed some of the exercises. I've had improvements in my leg strength, but not in my lats and arms. I eat Paleo with loads of fruit, plenty of protein, litre of milk per day with zero junk and zero gluten. Is there no hope for me? Even my mother can bench more than me :-( ~ In my response to Eve, I mention the SwimSmooth book. Rob asks: I was listening to you and Brock talk about gels and goos today, recommendations for half-marathoning. I started running hardcore last year and I found the half-marathon distance really tough until I started wearing a CamelBak and I was thinking about carrying honey packets with me as a natural source of energy, as opposed to gels and goos. I'm a budget runner as much as possible because I'm a budget sort of wage-earner and I can just grab these honey packets at the local coffeehouse. What do you think about using honey as an energy source during a long-distance run? KaLonny asks: Is there any validity to hair analysis? A local chiropractor offers this test to measure mineral content of your hair and, according to this particular website, "if a particumineral deficiency or toxicity exists in the hair, it usually indicates a mineral deficiency or toxicity within the body. This in turn, provides a great window into the metabolic activity within the body, which allows us to prescribe a unique treatment protocol in order to properly treat your condition. " I am interested for myself, but also for my daughter, who shows characteristics of autism and other behaviour issues. Is it legit or a waste of money? ~ In my response to KaLonny, I recommend these two tests: www.evitalhealth.com/Red_Blood_Cell_Elements.html www.spectracell.com/mnt/#nutrients Hope says: I'm 53 years old and have been going through the side effects of peri-menopause and menopause for many years now. I decided when I was in my later 40's that I would try to "run through menopause". I'm now running about 3 - 4 miles a few times a week and also do different types of cross training. I have completed a 5k and a 10k, but I find that I get too exhausted to put in any real extended mileage. I wanted your input regarding how to deal with the exhaustion, hot flashes and creeping weight gain which has been occurring. I have tried black cohosh and other remedies to no avail. My diet is overall very good - lots of veggies, clean foods, protein and not huge amounts of carbs, except for a treat. My mother had breast cancer twice, so there is no way I'll be touching any hormones. I am trying my best to keep fit and young, but I gotta tell you, it's been tough! ~ In my response to Hope, I recommend listening to my podcast on why women gain weight as they get older and taking a look at the Ben Recommends page. Nadine asks: I am an ex-triathlete who stopped swimming because of a problem with chlorine. Here is what the symptoms are like: after two or three swims in a week, I stop being able to digest fat, get heart palpitations (which I never get otherwise) and generally feel terrible. It took me a long time to figure out what the trigger is until my naturopath did some reflex testing with pool water and figured out that the chlorine in the water goofs up my liver and gall bladder. I stopped swimming in 2005. I do a lot of endurance training but really really want to get back into triathlon. I am going to try a lower chlorine pool in Vancouver but wondered if a) you have encountered this sort of reaction before and b) if you have any ideas about helping out with the chlorine. I have no respiratory symptoms. Shannon asks: I currently have a small tear in my labrum in my left hip. I have an acetabular impingement that seems to be why this has happened. I was a runner and practised a lot of yoga. I have been seeing a yoga therapist and doing physical therapy and my hip has been feeling better. I am not planning on having surgery, because my hip is feeling better. Do you have any suggestions or opinions about workouts? I would love to get back to running, but high impact activities make me nervous. ~ Heal Your Hips book. Sefi asks: Are there any studies that actually look at weight changes in women who avoid xenoestrogens compared to those who don't? ~ Harvey PW, Darbre P. Endocrine disrupters and human health: could oestrogenic chemicals in body care cosmetics adversely affect breast cancer incidence in women? J Appl Toxicol. 2004 May-Jun;24(3):167-76. ~ Braun JM, Kalkbrenner AE, Impact of early-life bisphenol a exposure on behavior and executive function in children, Pediatrics. 2011 Nov;128(5):873-82. Epub 2011 Oct 24. ~ Roy JR, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty TR. Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting chemicals affecting puberty in humans--a review, Med Sci Monit. 2009 Jun;15(6):RA137-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717132/ http://www.epa.gov/ncer/science/endocrine/humanhealth.html http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17503436 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15461258 ~ Jensen TK, et al. Do environmental estrogens contribute to the decline in male reproductive health. Clinical Chemistry December 1995 vol. 41 no. 12 1896-1901.   ~ Ho, S-M, W-Y Tang, J Belmonte de Frausto, and GS Prins. 2006. Developmental Exposure to Estradiol and Bisphenol A Increases Susceptibility to Prostate Carcinogenesis and Epigenetically Regulates Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Variant 4. Cancer Research, Volume 66, Pages 5624-5632. ~ Diamanti-Kandarakis E et al. 2009 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocrine Reviews 30(4):293-342 ~ Carwile JL, Michels KB, Urinary bisphenol A and obesity: NHANES 2003 – 2006. Environ Res. 2011 Aug;111(6):825-30. Epub 2011 Jun 14. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ~ Zsarnovszky A, Le HH, Wang HS, Belcher SM. Ontogeny of rapid estrogen-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in the rat cerebellar cortex: potent nongenomic agonist and endocrine disrupting activity of the xenoestrogen bisphenol A. Endocrinology. 2005 Dec;146(12):5388-96. Epub 2005 Aug 25. ~ Ayyanan A, Laribi O, et al, ISREC-Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, National Center of Competence Molecular Oncology, Lausanne, Switzerland. ~ Masuno, H., et al. “Bisphenol A in combination with insulin can accelerate the conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes.” J lipid Res. 3 (2002): 676-684.   ~ Silver MK, O'Neill MS, Sowers MR, Park SK, PLoS One. 2011;6(10), Urinary Bisphenol A and Type-2 Diabetes in U.S. Adults: Data from NHANES 2003-2008. ~ Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America. ~ Harvey PW, Darbre P. Endocrine disrupters and human health: could estrogenic chemicals in body care cosmetics adversely affect breast cancer incidence in women? J Appl Toxicol. 2004 May-Jun;24(3):167-76. Andy wrote: I recently "fell" into the sport of road cycling after trying it out last year during a vacation. I have always been active (4th degree Black Belt in Karate) though I now have to work within my sciatica that at times does not allow me to walk without pain. Riding does give me a minor back soreness but it does not hurt me at all! Even though I am now 56 I would like to get into this sport more seriously but with caution. I still have a full time job and yes a growing family thus I have to balance. So, where does one begin to establish a serious, though reasonable overall program that someone like me can use to challenge himself? ~ In my response to Andy, I recommend www.TriathlonDominator.com and www.Tri-Ripped.com Paul asks: I am a 63 yr old 30 + yr. runner. I have flat feet and hammer toes. The last few years I have had nerve pain under second toe on my right foot. I have used a metatarsal pad under toes with relative success. Lately pain hangs on after long runs. I went to a podiatrist and got a cortisone shot for the inflammation and was told I need an orthotic. I've seen insoles with a pad directly behind the ball of the foot designed to take the pressure off the metatarsal bone and would be interested in your view of the best way to approach this problem. ~ In my response to Paul I talk about the How To Run Barefoot post. Prior to asking your question, do a search in upper right hand corner of this website for the keywords associated with your question. Many of the questions we receive have already been answered here at Ben Greenfield Fitness! ====================================== [contact-form-7 id="6222" title="Ask Ben"]======================================

Darwinian Synthesis; Unity of Type and Conditions of Existence; Instinct and Behavior; Ants - Swarm Behavior; Bees - Complex Nonteleological Construction; Geological Succession; Embryology; Ontogeny; Phylogeny

Ontogeny? Phylogeny? Recapitulates? What the what? This is another pairing that’s been rattling around in my brain forever, and a few years ago I was pleased to learn that Ken Schles is also a fan. Enough time passed for him to forget … Continue reading →

Wed, 12 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12598/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12598/1/Huebner_Tom.pdf Hübner, Tom ddc:550, ddc:500, Fakultät für Geowissenschaften

Subject: The Ontogeny of Phacoemulsification Paper Discussed: NA Guest: Jack M. Dodick, MD Professor and Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology New York University School of Medicine Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology Manhattan Eye, Ear & Throat Hospital

Changes in ATP-induced increase in {[}Ca2+], during collecting duct ontogeny were studied in primary monolayer cultures of mouse ureteric bud (UB) and cortical collecting duct (CCD) cells by Fura-PE3 fluorescence ratio imaging. In UB (embryonic day E14 and postnatal day P1) the ATIP-stimulated increase (EC50 approximate to 1 muM) in fluorescence ratio (DeltaR(ATP)) was independent of extracellular Ca2+ and insensitive to the P2 purinoceptor-antagonist suramin (1 mM). From day P7 onward when CCD morphogenesis had been completed DeltaR(ATP) increased and became dependent on extracellular Ca2+. This ATP-stimulated Ca2+ entry into CCD cells was non-capacitative and suramin (11 mM)insensitive, but sensitive to nifedipine (30 muM) and enhanced by Bay K8644 (15 muM), a blocker and an agonist of L-type Ca2+ channels, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated similar mRNA expression of L-type Ca2+ channel alpha1-subunit, P2Y(1), P2Y(2), and P2X(4b) purinoceptors in UB and CCD monolayers while the abundance of P2X(4) mRNA increased with CCD morphogenesis. In conclusion, both embryonic and postnatal cells express probably P2Y(2)-stimulated Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. With development, the CCD epithelium acquires ATP-stimulated Ca2+ entry via L-type Ca2+ channels. This pathway might by mediated by the increasing expression of P2X(4)-receptors resulting in an increasing ATP-dependent membrane depolarization and activation of L-type Ca2+ channels. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.

The expression of the synaptic vesicle antigens synaptophysin (SY) and synaptoporin (SO) was studied in the rat striatum, which contains a nearly homogeneous population of GABAergic neurons. In situ hybridization revealed high levels of SY transcripts in the striatal anlage from embryonic day (E) 14 until birth. In contrast. SO hybridization signals were low, and no immunoreactive cell bodies were detected at these stages of development. At E 14, SY-immunoreactivity was restricted to perikarya. In later prenatal stages of development SY-immunoreactivity appeared in puncta (identified as terminals containing immunostained synaptic vesicles), fibers, thick fiber bundles and ‘patches’. In postnatal and adult animals, perikarya of striatal neurons exhibited immunoreaction for SO; ultrastructurally SO antigen was found in the Golgi apparatus and in multivesicular bodies. SO-positive boutons were rare in the striatum. In the neuropil, numerous presynaptic terminals positive for SY were observed. Our data indicate that the expression of synaptic vesicle proteins in GABAergic neurons of the striatum is developmentally regulated. Whereas SY is prevalent during embryonic development, SO is the major synaptic vesicle antigen expressed postnatally by striatal neurons which project to the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. In contrast synapses of striatal afferents (predominantly from cortex, thalamus and substantia nigra) contain SY.