Podcasts about brahmaputra

This podcast episode, hosted by Kikee Doma Bhutia from the University of Tartu, features journalist and analyst Aadil Brar discussing India's foreign policy amidst rising global tensions. The conversation focuses on India's balancing act between the US, China, and its own strategic autonomy in a contested Indo-Pacific region. Key topics include India's evolving role as a middle power, responding to China's assertiveness along the India-China border and in the Indo-Pacific, while maintaining its traditional non-alignment stance. India's foreign policy is at a crossroads, shaped by five tense years since the Galwan Valley clash with China. Despite rounds of talks, the border remains uneasy and trust is scarce. Today, China's assertiveness drives nearly every major Indian strategic decision-from military deployments and Quad partnerships to concerns over Beijing's mega-dams on the Brahmaputra. Meanwhile, the US sees India as a key counterweight to China in the Indo-Pacific, but Delhi is determined to maintain its independence and avoid being boxed into alliances. As India watches China's moves from the Himalayas to Taiwan, the question is clear: Are we witnessing a true pivot in Indian foreign policy, or simply a sharp recalibration to meet new realities? The answer will shape Asia's balance of power for years to come. The podcast was brought to you by host Dr. Kikee Doma Bhutia a Research Fellow and India Coordinator at the Asia Centre, University of Tartu, Estonia. Her current research combines folkloristics, international relations and Asian studies, focusing on the role of religion and culture in times of crisis, national and regional identities, and geopolitics conflict between India and China. The podcast guest speaker Aadil Brar is a journalist and international affairs analyst based in Taipei, currently a Reporter at TaiwanPlus News. His reporting focuses on international security, U.S.-China relations, and East Asian security. Previously, he was a China news reporter for Newsweek and has contributed to the BBC World Service, The Print India, and National Geographic. In 2023, he was a Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Fellow and a visiting scholar at National Chengchi University in Taipei. Brar holds a B.A. in Anthropology from the University of British Columbia and an MSc. in International Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/chinese-studies

This podcast episode, hosted by Kikee Doma Bhutia from the University of Tartu, features journalist and analyst Aadil Brar discussing India's foreign policy amidst rising global tensions. The conversation focuses on India's balancing act between the US, China, and its own strategic autonomy in a contested Indo-Pacific region. Key topics include India's evolving role as a middle power, responding to China's assertiveness along the India-China border and in the Indo-Pacific, while maintaining its traditional non-alignment stance. India's foreign policy is at a crossroads, shaped by five tense years since the Galwan Valley clash with China. Despite rounds of talks, the border remains uneasy and trust is scarce. Today, China's assertiveness drives nearly every major Indian strategic decision-from military deployments and Quad partnerships to concerns over Beijing's mega-dams on the Brahmaputra. Meanwhile, the US sees India as a key counterweight to China in the Indo-Pacific, but Delhi is determined to maintain its independence and avoid being boxed into alliances. As India watches China's moves from the Himalayas to Taiwan, the question is clear: Are we witnessing a true pivot in Indian foreign policy, or simply a sharp recalibration to meet new realities? The answer will shape Asia's balance of power for years to come. The podcast was brought to you by host Dr. Kikee Doma Bhutia a Research Fellow and India Coordinator at the Asia Centre, University of Tartu, Estonia. Her current research combines folkloristics, international relations and Asian studies, focusing on the role of religion and culture in times of crisis, national and regional identities, and geopolitics conflict between India and China. The podcast guest speaker Aadil Brar is a journalist and international affairs analyst based in Taipei, currently a Reporter at TaiwanPlus News. His reporting focuses on international security, U.S.-China relations, and East Asian security. Previously, he was a China news reporter for Newsweek and has contributed to the BBC World Service, The Print India, and National Geographic. In 2023, he was a Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Fellow and a visiting scholar at National Chengchi University in Taipei. Brar holds a B.A. in Anthropology from the University of British Columbia and an MSc. in International Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/south-asian-studies

This podcast episode, hosted by Kikee Doma Bhutia from the University of Tartu, features journalist and analyst Aadil Brar discussing India's foreign policy amidst rising global tensions. The conversation focuses on India's balancing act between the US, China, and its own strategic autonomy in a contested Indo-Pacific region. Key topics include India's evolving role as a middle power, responding to China's assertiveness along the India-China border and in the Indo-Pacific, while maintaining its traditional non-alignment stance. India's foreign policy is at a crossroads, shaped by five tense years since the Galwan Valley clash with China. Despite rounds of talks, the border remains uneasy and trust is scarce. Today, China's assertiveness drives nearly every major Indian strategic decision-from military deployments and Quad partnerships to concerns over Beijing's mega-dams on the Brahmaputra. Meanwhile, the US sees India as a key counterweight to China in the Indo-Pacific, but Delhi is determined to maintain its independence and avoid being boxed into alliances. As India watches China's moves from the Himalayas to Taiwan, the question is clear: Are we witnessing a true pivot in Indian foreign policy, or simply a sharp recalibration to meet new realities? The answer will shape Asia's balance of power for years to come. The podcast was brought to you by host Dr. Kikee Doma Bhutia a Research Fellow and India Coordinator at the Asia Centre, University of Tartu, Estonia. Her current research combines folkloristics, international relations and Asian studies, focusing on the role of religion and culture in times of crisis, national and regional identities, and geopolitics conflict between India and China. The podcast guest speaker Aadil Brar is a journalist and international affairs analyst based in Taipei, currently a Reporter at TaiwanPlus News. His reporting focuses on international security, U.S.-China relations, and East Asian security. Previously, he was a China news reporter for Newsweek and has contributed to the BBC World Service, The Print India, and National Geographic. In 2023, he was a Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Fellow and a visiting scholar at National Chengchi University in Taipei. Brar holds a B.A. in Anthropology from the University of British Columbia and an MSc. in International Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

This podcast episode, hosted by Kikee Doma Bhutia from the University of Tartu, features journalist and analyst Aadil Brar discussing India's foreign policy amidst rising global tensions. The conversation focuses on India's balancing act between the US, China, and its own strategic autonomy in a contested Indo-Pacific region. Key topics include India's evolving role as a middle power, responding to China's assertiveness along the India-China border and in the Indo-Pacific, while maintaining its traditional non-alignment stance. India's foreign policy is at a crossroads, shaped by five tense years since the Galwan Valley clash with China. Despite rounds of talks, the border remains uneasy and trust is scarce. Today, China's assertiveness drives nearly every major Indian strategic decision-from military deployments and Quad partnerships to concerns over Beijing's mega-dams on the Brahmaputra. Meanwhile, the US sees India as a key counterweight to China in the Indo-Pacific, but Delhi is determined to maintain its independence and avoid being boxed into alliances. As India watches China's moves from the Himalayas to Taiwan, the question is clear: Are we witnessing a true pivot in Indian foreign policy, or simply a sharp recalibration to meet new realities? The answer will shape Asia's balance of power for years to come. The podcast was brought to you by host Dr. Kikee Doma Bhutia a Research Fellow and India Coordinator at the Asia Centre, University of Tartu, Estonia. Her current research combines folkloristics, international relations and Asian studies, focusing on the role of religion and culture in times of crisis, national and regional identities, and geopolitics conflict between India and China. The podcast guest speaker Aadil Brar is a journalist and international affairs analyst based in Taipei, currently a Reporter at TaiwanPlus News. His reporting focuses on international security, U.S.-China relations, and East Asian security. Previously, he was a China news reporter for Newsweek and has contributed to the BBC World Service, The Print India, and National Geographic. In 2023, he was a Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Fellow and a visiting scholar at National Chengchi University in Taipei. Brar holds a B.A. in Anthropology from the University of British Columbia and an MSc. in International Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. ​ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/world-affairs

To get your dose of daily business news, tune into Mint Top of the Morning on Mint Podcasts available on all audio streaming platforms. This is Nelson John, and I'll bring you the top business and tech stories, let's get started. 

DPS Nacharam

China is building a dam on the Brahmaputra in Tibet, which will be thrice the size of the Three Gorges project. It will mean China has control over flow of the water into India, raising serious security and economic concerns. What's more, it lies on an earthquake fault zone and presents a threat to the riverine ecology as well as local communities. Please listen to the latest episode of All Indians Matter. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, on our Energy Special series as part of the India Energy Week 2025 (Feb 11-14), financial journalist Govindraj Ethiraj talks to Ranjit Rath, Chairman and Managing Director at Oil India Limited (OIL). They discuss OIL's current exploration efforts at the Brahmaputra, changes they have made to their strategy of discovery, Natural Gas wells in Assam, the huge potential for Compressed bio gas and much more. Tune in to get insight's into how OIL is forging their path to oil discovery . (00:00) Introduction (01:41) Sustained Exploration in North and South Bank of Brahmaputra (04:27) The History of Digboi (06:40) How the government catalysed exploration at the Brahmaputra (08:00) OIL's presence across India (09:20) Technical changes in the process and strategy of exploration (12:16) Drilling Rigs (14:28) The risks and rewards of exploration (15:39) Natural Gas Wells in Assam (17:40) Distribution of Natural Gas (19:52) Rejuvenation of existing wells (22:30) Oil and Gas Scenario in India (24:02) Future plans for Oil India Limited (25:22) Compressed Bio Gas (27:23) Geothermal Energy (29:30) The potential for deep and Ultra-deep waters (33:00) Collaborations (34:00) Data Analysis (35:16) Collaborating with Startups (36:46) What inspires younger people to join this field Register for India Energy Week, Feb 11-14⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Listeners! We await your feedback....⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ The Core and The Core Report is ad supported and FREE for all readers and listeners. Write in to shiva@thecore.in for sponsorships and brand studio requirements For more of our coverage check out ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠thecore.in⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Join and Interact anonymously on our whatsapp channel⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Subscribe to our Newsletter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow us on:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Twitter⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Linkedin⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ | ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Youtube⁠⁠

Did you know that some rivers can actually change direction? It sounds wild, but it happens when big geological events like earthquakes, landslides, or even massive floods shift the land around them. One major river at risk of this is the Brahmaputra in India—it's a powerhouse of a river, but also a ticking time bomb. Experts say just one strong earthquake could cause it to completely change course, leading to devastating floods and destruction in the region. This is because the river flows through a seismically active area, where the Earth's crust is constantly moving. It's a reminder of how powerful and unpredictable nature can be! Animation is created by Bright Side. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/ Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD... Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook:   / brightside   Instagram:   / brightside.official   TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.of... Telegram: https://t.me/bright_side_official Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

China's plan to build the world's largest dam on the Brahmaputra River aims to generate 60 gigawatts of power but raises environmental and geopolitical concerns. Originating near Mansarovar, the river flows through China, India, and Bangladesh, with its Great Bend offering ideal hydroelectric conditions. However, disruptions to the river's flow threaten agriculture, water supply, and ecosystems in India and Bangladesh, risking livelihoods and increasing regional tensions. While framed as part of China's carbon-neutral goals, the project may redefine regional and geopolitical dynamics. Shekhar Gupta explains in episode 1585 of Cut the Clutter.----more----Read Neely Haby's paper 'The geopolitics of water: how the Brahmaputra River could shape India–China security competition' : https://www.aspi.org.au/report/geopolitics-water-how-brahmaputra-river-could-shape-india-china-security-competition----more----Read Ramaswamy R Iyer's 'India-China-Brahmaputra Suggestions for an Approach': https://www.epw.in/journal/2015/9/commentary/india-china-brahmaputra.html----more----Read 'China's Upstream Advantage in the Great Himalayan Watershed' by Robert Batten, Jennifer L. Turner, and Susan Chan Shifflett: https://www.nbr.org/publication/chinas-upstream-advantage-in-the-great-himalayan-watershed/----more----Read 'China's new super-dam carries both geopolitical and environmental risks' by Brahma Chellaney: https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/5068380-chinas-new-super-dam-carries-both-geopolitical-and-environmental-risks/----more----Assam government website on the Brahmaputra Valley system: https://waterresources.assam.gov.in/portlet-innerpage/brahmaputra-river-system

First, The Indian Express' Diplomatic Affairs Editor Shubhajit Roy speaks to us about the world's largest dam - The Brahmaputra dam project being constructed by China and how it will impact India.Next, we talk to The Indian Express'  Ajoy Sinha Karpuram who shares with us how reservation is linked to religion and how over the years it's been studied and challenged.Finally, we talk about the Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV). A disease with flu-like symptoms, which is spreading in China.Produced and hosted by Niharika NandaEdited and mixed by Suresh Pawar

Hello, this is your daily dose of news from Onmanorama. Tune in to get updated about the major news stories of the day.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Indian Navy's INS Brahmaputra warship, docked at the Mumbai Dockyard for refitting, was overturned earlier this week under mysterious circumstances. What started with a fire on Sunday has led to significant damage and the disappearance of a sailor. With a Rear Admiral now probing the incident, what are the implications for the ship's future usability and the broader safety and maintenance of Indian naval vessels?Salvaging the Brahmaputra is a challenging and costly endeavour. But such incidents aren't entirely new to the Indian Navy. Host Dev Goswami and defence expert Shiv Aroor outline a history of significant accidents in the past two decades, especially between 2013 and 2014, when a series of mishaps led to the resignation of then-Navy Chief Admiral DK Joshi.What challenges does the Navy face in maintaining assets in congested dockyard environments like Mumbai?The duo also discuss other naval mishaps involving the INS Chakra and INS Arihant, highlighting the difficulties of maintaining and operating complex naval machinery, especially nuclear submarines.Tune in as we review the Navy's safety record and the warship's future!Please tune in and share your thoughts at pods@indiatoday.com or text us at 8588966996!Produced by Anna PriydarshiniSound mix by Nitin Rawat

NEET-UG 2024 exam row: Rahul Gandhi targets PM Modi after Supreme Court pulls up NTA, Kerala BJP mocks Cong over Priyanka Gandhi's candidature from Wayanad, Assam flood: Brahmaputra swells; 1.05 lakh affected amid heavy rain warning, Thailand's Senate overwhelmingly approves bill to legalize same-sex marriages, Alka Yagnik diagnosed with rare hearing disorder

Audiotraveller Henry Barchet reist im zweiten Teil der Flussreise mit dem Flusskreuzfahrtschiff Thurgau Ganga Vilas durch das riesige Mangrovenschutzgebiet Sundarbans, der Heimat des bengalischen Tigers. Er überquert dort auf dem Wasserweg die Grenze zwischen Bangladesch und Indien und fährt auf dem heiligen Fluss Ganges bis nach Kalkutta. Hören Sie jetzt mehr über Tiger, Menschen und Mythen im zweiten Teil der Flussreise durch Bangladesch und Indien. Mehr Informationen zu dieser Reise auch auf Flussreise auf Brahmaputra durch unendliche Weiten der Sundarbans (thurgautravel.ch)  

Audiotraveller Henry Barchet war für diese Episode auf einer besonderen Reise. Mit dem 5-Sterne -Flusskreuzfahrtschiff Thurgau Ganga Vilas ist er von Dhaka in Bangladesch nach Kalkutta in Indien gereist. Begleiten Sie ihn und seine Reisegefährten in dieser ersten von zwei Folgen durch das unbekannte Bangladesch - zu schwimmenden Märkten, abgelegenen Dörfern, durch dichten Dschungel und treffen Sie die Menschen, die am und vom Wasser leben. Weitere Informationen zu dieser Reise auf Thurgau Ganga Vilas - Flusskreuzfahrt auf dem Ganges und Brahmaputra (thurgautravel.ch)

Last time we spoke about the battle for Kohima and the mop up of the Admiralty islands. The battle for Kohima led to battles raging over the Kohima Ridge. At one point only 2500 allied defenders were facing nearly 15,000 Japanese. Numerous features fell to the Japanese top Kohima ridge. The Japanese were taking heavy casualties while pushing the defenders close to Kohima. A decisive moment presented itself, the Japanese had an open shot against Dimapur. However, mostly because of animosity towards General Mutaguchi the chance to deliver a kill blow was lost. If Dimapur had been taken, it may have changed the entire Burma War. Over in the Admiralty Islands, Los Negros and Manus were finally all mopped up and now the allies had forward airfields to further smash the inner Japanese perimeter. General MacArthurs triumphant return to the Philippines was on its way. This episode is the Defense of India Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Last we spoke, General Mutaguchi had initiated a grand offensive against Kohima. General Slim, knew the seizure of Kohima would be attempted only in conjunction with the seizure of the much more important target, Dimapur. It was at Dimapur where an enormous allied supply dump lied over the Ledo-Imphal line, it was the hub for which all allied activity in the region revolved. If Dimapur fell, the province of Manipur would be impossible to defend and the Brahmaputra valley would be interdicted thus cutting off all overland supply to China. To everyone's shock the Japanese instead invested an entire division to attack Kohima. Slim thought this was a enormous blunder on the part of General Sato Kotoku, going as far as to ask the RAF not to bomb the Generals HQ as “it never struck him that he could inflict terrible damage on us without taking Kohima at all”. In truth it was not really Sato at fault, it was more so upon his superior General Kawabe Mazakazu who did not trust nor like Mutaguchi and rightly suspected the man's megalomaniac plan to invade India. Thus Mutaguchi's Operation U-Go, the intended invasion of India saw the 33rd and 15th divisions closing in on Imphal by the end of March as the 31st Division attacked Kohima. General Cowan's 17th Division was able to effectively retreat to Imphal by April 4th, with the 49th Brigade acting as rearguard. Meanwhile General Yanagida had just replenished ammunition and provisions after the battle at Tonzang and now ordered the 214th and 215th Regiments to resume their advance. Colonel Sasahara Masahiko's 215th regiment departed Singgel on March 27th and crossed the India-Burma border by April 3rd. They advanced to Churachandpur by the 7th as the 214th followed closely behind them. Meanwhile, the Right Assault Unit, the Yamamoto unit had been in hot pursuit of General Gracey's 20th division since the start of April, and the 3rd battalion, 213th regiment of the Mitsui Unit had just captured the town Chamol. Additionally the 1st battalion, 60th regiment attempted, but failed to break through Laiching Hill in late March. Afterwords the unit was ordered to turn back and attempt a development of Gravey's left flank by Moving through Lamlong and then Kampang in early April. To the north, General Yamauchi's Divisional Headquarters advanced to Kasom on March 28. Yamauchi ordered two companies of the 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry to attack and occupy Kameng, which presented an easy approach route to Imphal. The 123rd Indian Brigade, 5th Indian Division had closed the gap with barbed wire and set up defensive positions in the hills to the immediate north and south of the road. The attack was made on the night of April 3 against the positions held by the 1/17th Dogras of the 123rd Indian Brigade on a hill off the Ukhrul Road, south of the village of Kameng, but failed to achieve its objective. They were then furiously counter-attacked by the guns of the 28th Field Regiment and by the Dogras themselves. A troop of tanks each of the 3rd Carabiniers and 7th Cavalry were also positioned on either side of the hill and fired on what were easy targets. By the next morning, almost 100 Japanese bodies were found; the few survivors had withdrawn. It is believed that the ultimate objective of this attack had been the fair-weather Kangla Airfield farther south. It was now felt the 15th Division's strength was spreed too thinly, thus the Japanese believed their detachments holding along the Imphal-Ukhrul road were badly in need of reinforcement. As such, Yamauchi ordered the 60th and 51st regiments to get into closer contact and by the 4th of April they were moving into positions north of Imphal. On that same day, Colonel Matsumura started moving down the road to seize the supply depot known as the 221 Advance Ordnance Depot, the largest in the Imphal Area justnorth of Kanglatongbi. As Japanese pressure on the road increased, its men and some of the most valuable supplies, including ammunition and explosives, were moved into a defensive area at Kanglatongbi known as Lion Box. The 2nd battalion managed to take Hill 3813 by April 6th, the 3rd battalion was less fortunate facing the Lion Box. The Lion Box had very few fighting troops among the several thousand men within its perimeter. The box was defended against mounting Japanese assaults from 4 to 7 April, while the evacuation of the supplies to Imphal continued apace. Its defense was assisted by units of the 9th Indian Brigade and tanks of the 3rd Carabiniers, who would travel up from Sekmai in the south during the day. On the 5th while the 9th Indian BRigade and tanks of the 3rd Carabiniers were patrolling forward to help out the Lion Box, Cowan's 63rd Brigade arrived to Sekmai to reinforce the northern defenses, and this in turn allowed the 9th Brigade to take up a position to defend Nungshigum. On the 6th, Colonel Omoto's 3rd battalion attacked Nungshigum's northern Hill, known as Hill 3833, successfully overrunning the hastily developed Indian defenses there, while the 1st battalion marched upon Hill 4057. There was a heroic counter attack by a platoon led by 18 year old Jemadar Abdul Hafiz serving as Naib Subedar, Junior Commissioned Officer in the 9th Jat Regiment, British Indian Army. His platoon managed to recover Hill 3833 by the end of the day. Jemadar Abdul Hafiz was tasked with recovering it with two sections of his platoon. He fearlessly led the way and recovered the feature in the face of a hail of machine-gun fire and grenade attacks, killing several Japanese in the process. Injured by now, Hafiz continued the attack, fought to his death and was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. The hill became known as Runaway Hill because of the way the Japanese had fled from Hafiz's brave actions. April the 7th saw a follow-up charge with Omoto's 3rd battalion re-seizing the hills around Nungshigum. In the four days that followed, Nungshigum exchanged hands a couple of times: the 3/9th Jats recovered it, only to lose it again to the Japanese of the 3/51st Battalion by 11 April who dug in well on the northern and southern bumps around Nungshigum. Meanwhile Matsumura was continuing to exert heavy pressure upon the Lion Box, finally forcing the battle weary defenders to evacuate the box as the position became impossible to defend. The valiant efforts of the Lion Box defenders had earned the British-Indian troops valuable time to evacuate a large amount of critical supplies back to Imphal, preventing their use to the Japanese. Do remember Mutaguchi literally planned the entire offensive on the basis their logistical supply line was simply seizing the allies supply depots. That is what we call a bold strategy. Matsumura's troops had suffered heavy casualties in their efforts against the Lion Box. Now he ordered the 60th regiment east to reassemble around the villages of Tingsat, Molvom and their surrounding heights by April 8th. They would be reinforced by the honda raiding units coming from the north. On the 9th, Omoto's 1st battalion assaulted Hill 4057 taking it from elements of the 123rd Indian Brigade, as the 3rd battalion secured Nungshigum. This breakthrough posed an unacceptable threat to the British, leaving the 4th Corps HQ, the Imphal Main and Kangla airfield vulnerable to further Japanese attacks. This prompted General Brigg's to get forces together to evict the Japanese from their recently gained heights. Brigg's was reinforced with the 254th Indian Tank Brigades armor for the job. An unrelenting artillery and aerial bombardment began against the 51st regiment, greatly reducing the strength of Omoto's companies. Suffering such horrific losses, Omoto was forced to retreat over to the eastern side of the Iril River. At around dusk on the 12th, Omoto's 3rd battalion withdrew from Nungshigum to take up better positions in the hills north of Hill 4057. From this position the 3rd battalion was able to cover the 1st battalion's withdrawal from Hill 4057 during the night.  Simultaneously, Briggs launched his main counteroffensive, tossing two companies of the 1/17th Dogras and B Squadron of the 3rd Carabiniers. That morning, the infantry and tanks began climbing up via two spurs on the south-eastern side of Nungshigum. On each spur was a troop of M3 Lee-Grant tanks, together with a company of Dogras. The division's artillery, together with another troop of tanks, had been placed to the east and west of Nungshigum on the plain. As the infantry and armor climbed, the Vengeance dive-bombers and Hurricanes bombed and strafed the peaks. Soon thereafter, the 88 pieces of artillery and tanks on the plain plastered the same area. The two groups of infantry and tanks joined up at the peak named Pyramid and proceeded in a single file up a narrow ridge towards the Japanese on Southern Bump. As they approached the Japanese defenses, fierce fighting erupted. The tanks were sprayed with machine-gun and rifle fire, and grenades were thrown at them. But there was only so much the Japanese could do. The use of armor on Nungshigum, which rose over 1,000ft above the valley floor, was a masterstroke. The Japanese had never expected to encounter tanks and they had nothing to counter them effectively. The British had to pay a high price, too. All of the British tank officers were killed and the infantry officers wounded later that day. The former had been shot as they stuck their heads out of their tanks' turrets to guide them safely on the narrow and steep ridgeline. It was finally left to the VCO of the Dogras, Subadar Ranbir Singh, and Squadron Sergeant-Major Craddock of the 3rd Carabiniers to complete the battle. They rose to the occasion; the tanks finally destroyed the main bunkers and the infantry charged at and killed any survivors. There were casualties on both sides, but Japanese losses were especially heavy, leaving 250 bodies. This was the closest the Japanese would come to Imphal as a large, organized force in 1944. Yamauchi's 15th Division would never be able to pose such an urgent threat from the north again.  On April 13th, the Honda unit and 2nd battalion, 60th infantry launched an unsuccessful attack against Sengmai. In another attack on the 18th, the 2nd battalion gained a foothold in the enemy positions on the eastern hill of Sengmai, but would be forced off it quickly losing 150 men. The failure to breach the defenders at Sengmai marked a turning point in the operation, forcing the Right Assault Unit onto the defensive. Meanwhile Omoto's withdrawal had opened a gap between his units and Matsumura's, leaving Matsumura isolated around the Imphal-Kohima road and the Mapao-Molvom range. This also left Matsumura's supply lines increasingly vulnerable to attacks by Brigg's 5th Division. General Scoones ordered the 23rd Indian Division to push back on the Ukhrul Road to regain control over the area, while Briggs cleared the Japanese out of the Imphal-Kohima and Mapao-Molvom Range. For this Major-General Ouvry Roberts dispatched the 37th Brigade up the Ukhrul Road while the 1st Brigade made a wide flanking maneuver to the right to swing north in an attempt to capture Yamauchi's HQ. A composite unite of the 51st regiment known as the Suzuta unit formed out of two companies and Suzuta's HQ managed to resist the Indian attacks at Yaingangpokpi. Their mission was to hold the pass near Hill 3524 and they were met by numerous enemy counterattacking groups. The Suzuta Unit was faced with a serious crisis when it was attacked by a strong enemy tank force on 18 April. Meanwhile back on the 15th, the sudden appearance of the 1st Brigade at Hill 5515.. With his headquarters threatened by this new enemy maneuver, Yamauchi decided to move 15th Division headquarters and the Suzuta Unit to the rear of the Right and Center Assault Units. This move was complicated in that it entailed the evacuation of large numbers of casualties, among whom was General Yamanouchi himself. Upon arriving in the vicinity of Nungga intense enemy activity was encountered. It was found impossible to move west, to the desired destination and the headquarters was forced to move toward Lungshong via Ukhrul. The Suzuta Unit troops reverted to their parent organizations. The command post of the Division was finally established at a point about three miles southwest of Lungshong on 29 April. By april 22nd, Robert's Brigades made contact over the Ukhrul Road near Litan and began hunting down Yamauchi's HQ. They searched for it around Shongphel to the north. They converged on the spot, only to find Yamauchi was not there. To the east the 9th Brigade attacked the Mapao-Molvom Range on the 23rd, making some initial gains at Mapao. Their field guns with Hurricane bombers smashed Mapao, allowing the Jats and Punjabis to fight their way up and capture it in two days. But farther north, the heights around Molvom were better defended and the Japanese defied attempts to infiltrate these positions. The brigade soon got bogged down. Further east the 123rd Brigade advanced up the Iril River Valley facing some of Omoto's retreating men and would reach Sengmai by mid-may. The Japanese at this point were also preparing to continue their offensive further south. General Yanagida received reports on the progress of the 15th Division and that Kohima had already fallen. So he decided to bypass the expected resistance in the Moirang vicinity and advance directly upon Imphal. This prompted Colonel Sasagara to send his 2nd battalions of the 215th and 213th regiment to attack the Torbung positions on the 9th. They managed to successfully outflank the 49th brigade and exerted so much pressure in the area, the 49th brigade were forced to withdraw over the next few days. With the Japanese in hot pursuit, Cowan dispatched the 32nd Indian Brigade to defend the Tiddim Road with Brigadier David MacKenzie shifting his main position further back to Bishenpur. The Bishenpur village was well located: it was where the hills touched the Tiddim Road to its west; to the east lay the upper reaches of the Loktak Lake. Bishenpur was considered the best place to position a defense of the southwestern approach to Imphal. It was also important because from here a track wriggled west over the mountains to Silchar in Assam. Besides the Imphal–Kohima Road, the Bishenpur–Silchar Track was the only other navigable route back out to the rest of India. Unsurprisingly then, it was also of interest to the Japanese. On April 12th the Japanese attacked Potsangbam, but the 2nd battalion, 213th regiment was held up by heavy artillery and aerial bombardment from Bishenpur. The Japanese forayed into the villages of Kwa Siphai and Khoijuman to the northeast, but they were rebuffed. To counter them, aerial bombardments were called in on Potsangbam and the next large village, Ningthoukhong. Strategic Air Force Liberators pattern-bombed the two villages with 1,000lb bombs. The British sent tanks, together with infantry units, across the paddy fields towards Potsangbam, but their advance was held up by fierce opposition. Unlike at Nungshigum, the Japanese here were armed with anti-tank guns. Evicting them would require that much more effort. The 4th Independent Engineer Regiment was brought up to reinforce the 2nd Battalion, 213th Infantry at Potsangbam about 20 April, but it would be unable to break through nonetheless. To the west Sasahara's men tried to break through Kokadan on the 14th. They made repeated attacks for over a month, but would be unable to penetrate Mackenzie's defenses. The 214th regiment tossed three attacks against Hill 5846 from their position on Ingourok by April 24th. Hand-to-hand fighting ensued as each side sought to gain possession of these hills. The British had brought up a troop of Lee-Grant tanks of the 150th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps from Bishenpur and these were pressed into battle, firing in close support of the infantry. By 26 April, Point 5846 and Wooded Ridge were under their firm control, while the Japanese had Wireless Hill. Meanwhile the 2nd battalion reinforced the 214th regiment to skirt around Hill 5846 from the west, going just due north of the track. This endeavor ultimately failed in the end, and the men would have to turn back by the end of the month. Due to his failures and disagreements, General Mutaguchi consequently lost faith in Yanagida, who was ignored from this point onwards while his chief-of-staff, Colonel Tanaka Tetsujiro, effectively commanded the 33rd Division.  Meanwhile over on the hill of the Shenam Saddle, the battle for Nippon Hill had been raging since early April. Gracey's initial piecemeal attempts to retake the feature only saw his men fail. On the other side, the Yamamoto Detachment launched a general attack from Chamol on the 8th, trying to make a breakthrough to Nippon Hill, to relieve the outnumbered 11th company, 213th regiment. While the Japanese were held up by crossfire from Tengnoupal, the 80th Brigade sent three companies of the 1st Devon's to recapture Nippon Hill on the 11th. Following heavy artillery and aerial bombardment, the British troops stormed the hill with a fierce lobing of grenades and machine gun fire, seizing the feature by the end of the day. Nonetheless the Japanese, General Yamamoto kept committing troops to continuous attacks over the next few days. What was witnessed on Nippon Hill was to be repeated on many occasions around Imphal. Japanese defensive positions would be subjected to intense bombardments, which it was hard to imagine anyone surviving. And yet, time and again, the Japanese would emerge out of the targeted positions and counter-attack. In fact, Nippon Hill was one such place where, even days after it had been recaptured by the British, a lone Japanese soldier would emerge from the rubble and attack. This after being buried for hours, or even days, usually without recourse to food or water. This behavior was a measure of the extraordinary capabilities of the Japanese, as defenders in particular, and of their dedication to their cause in general. It was also a testament to the strength of their defenses. On features like Nippon Hill, the Japanese had shown themselves to be adept at digging an extensive, deep network of underground tunnels and holes within their positions. These allowed them to withstand bombardments, while the small openings allowed for a sustained fire to be kept up on anyone who approached. After a week of fighting, the 3rd Battalion, 213th Regiment finally recaptured Nippon Hill on April 16, and this time it was to stay with the Japanese until the end of July. The hill would allow the Japanese to observe allied movements over the Shenam Saddle and the road below, so accurate firing from well-sited guns on this hill and the adjacent ridge would cause many casualties among the defenders. Yamamoto ramped up his efforts trying to break through towards Imphal. With additional tank and artillery support the 3rd battalion, 213th regiment managed to overrun Crete East on the 22nd as the 80th Brigade evacuated to the isolated Cyprus. Pressing onwards, Yamamoto attacked Crete West, tossing multiple attacks at the feature over the next two weeks. Despite the ferocity of the invaders, the defenders would manage to hold on until the end of April. Meanwhile the 1st battalion, 60th regiment was unable to break through Hill 5240 near Kampang, so on the 20th they were redirected to hit the northern sector of Palel. The battalion had suffered 300 casualties, unable to pose much of a threat any longer to Gracey's men. To their left was the 1st INA Division's 2nd Gandhi Brigade,  deployed on the left flank of Yamamoto Force and an initial group that had rushed through the hills towards Palel. They were targeting the airfield from the south in coordination with the Japanese closing in via Langgol from the east. They clashed with Indian and Gurkha defenders at Purum Chumban on May 2nd. There are differing accounts of what happened during the battle of Purum Chumbang. One has the INA group reaching very close to the airfield, while another has it reach some 8km short of it. What is common to both, however, is the reaction of the Fourteenth Army units (Indian and Gurkha) to the INA's effort. A parley between the two is supposed to have taken place at some point, where the latter tried to convince their brethren on the British side not to fight. This being rejected, the INA attacked and was repulsed. At least 50 INA men were killed in the retaliatory response. It has been argued that these attacks by their fellow Indians affected INA morale. They had not expected to be considered traitors by their former comrades of the Indian Army. Several hundred INA men deserted before the end of the battle, although the majority of the force remained in the hills around the Tamu–Palel Road, wracked by disease and hunger. In the meantime, the Kohima Garrison received relief on their ridge positions, now General Grover was formulating a plan to recapture lost territory in the Kohima area and to annhilate the 31st division. His plan was to hold Zubza and Periphema in the rear while Brigadier John Shapland's 6th Brigade would launch an attack against the Japanese center and gradually push them towards the southern and southwestern flanks of the Kohima Ridge. Brigadier Victor Hawkins 5th Brigade would would perform a flanking maneuver to the north while Brigadier William Goshcens 4th Brigade did the same in the south. On April 18, Hawkins thus dispatched his first units across the deep Zubza nullah to the Merema Ridge to cut the Kohima-Merema-Bokajan road, with the rest of the brigade following in an excruciating march and finally assembling at the Merema Ridge by April 27.  Further to the north, in parallel with the 2nd Divisions advance, Brigadier Perowne's men have been performing an extremely difficult march into the Naga Hills. Their task was to prevent the Japanese from escaping the Brahmaputra Valley, taking a track leading from Merema to Bokajan. For weeks the Chindit Brigade had conducted an effective operation, ambushing Japanese supply routes, denying them territory, encouraging local Naga resistance efforts and causing general havoc. General Mutaguchi and ordered Sato to send his 124th Infantry Regiment to support the struggling 15th Division in the south.  Sato decided to occupy Garrison Hill prior to complying with Mutaguchi's directive, immediately sending the 1st Battalion, 138th Regiment to support the attacks of the 58th Regiment. The assault failed on the 23rd and this further convinced Sato he would be unable to hold Kohima if he sent the reinforcements Mutaguchi requested. His decision was also heavily influenced by his increasing anger at his superior as Mutaguchi was completely failing to supply his men. He had been promised at least 250 tons of resupplies would arrive by April 8, Sato testily demanded food and ammunition. In fact, very few supplies ever reached the 31st Division from Burma, the men having to survive on what they had brought with them, what they could beg or steal from Naga villages, or what 'Churchill Rations' they could capture from British stockpiles. Sato's fury at the lack of promised supplies reaching Kohima was fuelled by his belief that the 31st Division was being let down by Mutaguchi's abject failure to break into Imphal. In response to Mutaguchi's demand that he send troops to assist in the Imphal battle, on April 20 Sato sent the first of a number of increasingly tetchy signals to the army commander: 'We captured Kohima in three weeks as promised. How about Imphal?' Mutaguchi replied: 'Probable date for capture of Imphal April 29', which was the Emperor's birthday. Sato plainly did not believe him. On April 30, Sato signaled again: '31st Division at the limit of its endurance. When are you going to destroy Imphal?' To this he received no reply.  The relationship between Sato and Mutaguchi had never been good, but now it was really bad. Over the next two weeks, the battles on Kohima Ridge were not seeing results. Repeated attacks were made against Garrison Hill as Shapland's men tossed desperate attacks at the extreme northern edge of the ridge allowing for a troop of Lee/Grant tanks to lumber up the western end of Naga Hill in order to provide armored support for the 5th Brigade. The plan to get tanks onto the back of Naga Hill by driving through the Japanese positions overlooking the TCP finally succeeded on April 27, the Lee/Grants trundling along the track, wary of mines, but taking the Japanese entirely by surprise at this stroke of legerdemain. Peppered on all sides futilely by bullets, they joined 5th Brigade on Naga Hill, albeit at the cost of 28 Dorset dead, who had kept intense pressure on the TCP end of the Kohima Ridge to distract the Japanese during the operation. In the fighting for control of the tennis court no means of overcoming Japanese bunkers could be discovered using infantry alone, and attempts were made to bulldoze a path up to the remains of the Deputy Commissioner's bungalow to allow a Lee/Grant tank to move onto the tennis court and engage the bunkers directly with its 75mm gun. Unhappily the first effort failed when the Lee/Grant went into reverse, pulling the bulldozer to which it was attached back down the steep slope in a heap of crashing, twisted metal. Four days later a similar attempt with a Stuart Light tank of the 45th Indian Light Cavalry also failed, as the Japanese had brought up a 3.7in. anti-tank gun that put the tank out of action, fortunately with no loss to the crew.By the 27th, the tanks made a break through to the Naga Hill. The Japanese suffered terrible casualties causing them to suspend operations against Garrison Hill. The 31st división was not fully adopting a defensive stance. Meanwhile, Goschen's men had set out on a long march to cut the Imphal Road below the Aradura Spur on the night of April 25. They were advancing through some of the worst terrain of the entire region, it was deep, nearly vertical jungle-covered gullies falling between  Mount Pulebadze and the face of Mount Japfu.  The 4th Brigade would reach the valley between Pulebadze and Japfu in three days. One there, General Stopford ordered Goschen to climb over Pulebadze Ridge then come down into Kohima to hit the Japanese position on the GPT ridge, which were giving serious problems to Shaplands men. The brigade accordingly turned left, climbing up and over the Pulebadze Ridge and beginning the slow descent through the jungle down onto the Kohima side. A prominent pimple above the GPT Ridge known as Oaks Hill, sitting at 6,000ft, was occupied by the Norfolks and the 143rd Company on 1 May, the presence of British troops 1,500ft above the Japanese positions becoming known to them for the first time. But that is all for today for India, as there is something else cooking up in the CBI theater. Since early 1943, the United States had steadily increased its air force in China. By the beginning of 1944 there were more than 500 US planes in this area, whereas, in spite of the organization of the 5th Air Army,the Japanese Air Force had less than half this number of planes in China. Furthermore, with the war situation rapidly growing worse in the Pacific, the Japanese Air Force in China could not hope for any replenishment. Enemy planes not only interfered with Japanese ground operations, but also harassed the lines of communication and attacked the occupied areas. General Chennault's 14th Air Force had been causing such problems, the Japanese were forced to act. The catalyst for their future action was because of a raid against Formosa carried out by 14 B-25s, 8 P-38s and 8 P-51s on November 25, 1943, which caught the Japanese by surprise as the Chinese-American aircraft strafed and dropped bombs over Shinchiku airfield, successfully destroying its installations along with 42 planes on the ground at the cost of three fighters lost.  This prompted the Japanese commanders to target strategic points along the Hunan-Guangxi, Guangzhou-Hankou and Southern Beijing-Hankou Railways. Thus the infamous Operation Ichi-Go was born. Ichi-Go's primary targets were Guilin and Liuzhou's airfields where the US was developing bases for B-29's to launch strikes against the Japanese home islands. If you are interested in a in-depth talk about this by the way, over on the Pacific War Channel on Youtube or Spotify, I did an interview with Dave from the Coldwar about the bombing of Japan and we talked about this very subject. Pretty neat episode I recommend it! Now in general the main objectives were to link railways in Beijing and Hankou in northern China to the southern Chinese coast at Guangzhou. This would spare shipping and avoid the pesky American submarine force who were now ruining havoc; it was also to take out airfields in Sichuan and Guangxi to thwart further US bombing of Formosa and the Japanese home islands. This also in turn would open a land route to Indochina and hopefully would destroy enough NRA units to collapse Chiang Kai-Sheks government, finally solving the China Problem. Ichi-Go would start in late April with an offensive  by the 12th Army of Lt General Kita Seiichi, later replaced by Lt General Uchiyama Eitaro. This was codenamed Operation Kogo, tasked with capturing the areas along the South Beijing-Hankou railway, centered around Zhengzhou and Luoyang, and destroying the main strength of the 1st War Area. Then, early in June, the 11th Army of General Yokoyama would launch Operation Togo, with the objective of capturing Changsha and Hengyang and destroying the main force of the 6th and 9th War Areas. Following the conclusion of the first phase, late in July, the 11th Army would be assisted by the 23rd Army of Lt General Tanaka Hisaichi and the Indochina Garrison Army of Lt General Viscount Machiiji Kazumoto would capture Guilin and Liuzhou and the destruction of the 4th War Area.  Finally, the third phase of Operation Togo would see the 23rd Army capture the strategic areas along the south Canton-Hankou railway, centered around Nanning, by destroying the 7th War Area in September while the 11th Army continued the advance south towards Suichwan Arfield to link with the Indochina forces. For the entire operation, the 5th Air Army of Lt General Shimoyama Takuma would support the offensives from the skies, tasked with annihilating the American-Chinese air force and attaining air supremacy over China. The logistics of Operation Ichi-Go constituted was one of the most notable examples of the IJA's offensive preparations. Between some of the measures taken was the emplacement of dozens of anti-air batteries throughout the Yangtze River to limit the Chinese-American air activity against troop concentrations at its southern channel; the transfer of dozens of thousands of troops by railway without interference from Chinese guerrillas because security at the railway lines was increased; the monthly river transport of 40000 tons of supplies; the secret storage of 600 pontoons; and the constructions of hideouts for a munitions arsenal that should last for two years and of hundreds of deposits that harbored 50 million liters of gasoline that should last for eight months: 40 million for land vehicles and 10 million for planes.By early April General Hata had amassed 62,000 men, 52,000 Japanese and 10,000 collaborationist units alongside 800 tanks, 1550 artillery pieces, 250 aircraft, 15550 motorized vehicles and 100000 horses.  Meanwhile the British Eastern Fleet had been receiving more naval resources due to the successes in the Mediterranean and Northern Europe and could now carry out more aggressive actions in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Agreement had been reached, after objections from Admiral Ernest King, but new procedures would need to be learnt by naval crews and Fleet Air Arm aircrew. To this end, Operation Diplomat, a training exercise, took place in late March 1944. The objective was for the fleet to rendezvous with a group of tankers, escorted by the Dutch cruiser HNLMS Tromp and practice refueling at sea procedures. The ships then rendezvoused with USN Task Group 58.5 built around aircraft carrier USS Saratoga and three destroyers. To further support the coming Hollandia and Aitape landings, Admiral King requested that, during April, the Eastern Fleet should engage Japanese forces in their area and hold them there to reduce the opposition that could be encountered by the Americans at Western New Guinea. In response, Admiral Somerville launched Operation Cockpit on April 16, an air attack against Sabang off Sumatra. The fleet sailed from Trincomalee on 16 April, and two days later the Gambia and Ceylon were detached from Force 69 to strengthen the anti-aircraft defense of the carrier force. On the morning of April 19, 17 Barracudas and 13 Corsairs from the carrier Illustrious and 29 Dauntless and Avenger bombers and 24 Hellcats from Saratoga took off towards Sumatra and subsequently caught the Japanese completely by surprise, finding no opposition there. Thirty Japanese aircraft were destroyed on the airfield and a direct hit by a 1000-pound bomb set a large oil tank on fire. The power-station, barracks and wireless station were badly damaged. The submarine HMS Tactician reported large fires in the dockyard burning fiercely hours after the fleet had left the area. The raid was a clear success, with Somerville later saying that the Japanese "had been caught with their kimonos up".  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The invaders it seems bit off more than they could chew when they attacked India. General Mutaguchi was facing a determined enemy and very pissed off and somewhat insubordinate colleagues. Operation Ichi-Go was being prepared and the Royal Navy was sending forces into the Indian and Pacific Oceans adding to the IJN's misery.

El pasado 26 de marzo celebró su día nacional el pequeño país asiático de Bangladesh, los que tienen por bandera la de Japón pero con los colores de la Caja San Fernando, verde y rojo…rojo el puntazo. Por sus tierra discurre el famoso delta del Ganges, el estercolero de la India, que se forma por las uniones de los rios Ganges, Brahmaputra y Meghna, que parecen tres caballeros del Zodiaco. Precisamente por esos rios que tiene en su territorio, en 1998 se inundaron literalmente 2 ⁄ 3 del país. Es el país con mayor densidad fluvial del mundo. Bangladesh que tiene algo menos que la superficie de España tiene 160 millones de habitantes, siendo el octavo país más poblado del mundo. En su territorio está el Sundarbans, que es un bosque de manglares, y que es el hogar del tigre de Bengala. Son los que inventaron los microcréditos, el ico de ellos. Su inventor, Muhammad Yunus ganó el nobel de la paz en 2006. El vehículo más numerosos en Bangladesh es el rickshaw, el tipico carricoche que lo tira una persona que va corriendo. Como en realidad son indios wannabe, tienen su propia industria del cine llamada Dhallywood . Una de sus principales industrias es la textil…sobre todo si los que cosen son niños con las manitas pequeñas. Es conocido por una gran gastronomía que como no podía ser de otra manera, es arroz con cosas. Etimológicamente significa tierra de Bengala. Ha estado colonizado por portugueses y británicos. Lo peor de europa vamos…de los portugueses aprendieron a alicatar las fachadas y no arreglarla y de los británicos los dientes doblados. Una leyenda bengalí es la Paharia Raja (rey de las colinas): Según la leyenda, hace mucho tiempo, un rey gobernaba sobre las colinas y protegía a su gente de cualquier amenaza externa. El rey era conocido por su valentía y sabiduría, y su reinado trajo prosperidad a la región. Sin embargo, un día, un grupo de invasores extranjeros llegó a las colinas y trató de conquistarlas. Los habitantes de las colinas se preocuparon por su seguridad y buscaron la ayuda del rey Paharia. El rey Paharia se enfrentó valientemente a los invasores, pero fue superado en número y capturado. Fue encarcelado en una cueva profunda en las colinas, donde permaneció durante años. La gente de las colinas, desesperada por la pérdida de su amado rey, rezaba y esperaba su regreso. Pasaron los años y, finalmente, un día, el rey Paharia logró escapar de su prisión. Emergió de la cueva, lleno de una nueva energía y determinación para proteger a su pueblo. Reunió a los habitantes de las colinas y lideró una rebelión contra los invasores. La batalla fue feroz, pero el rey Paharia y su gente lucharon con valentía. Finalmente, lograron expulsar a los invasores y recuperar su libertad. El rey Paharia volvió a gobernar sobre las colinas, y su reinado se convirtió en una época dorada de paz y prosperidad. Hasta el día de hoy, la leyenda de Paharia Raja se cuenta en las colinas de Chittagong como un símbolo de valentía, resistencia y la lucha por la libertad. Es una historia que ha pasado de generación en generación, recordando a la gente de Bangladesh la importancia de la unidad y la determinación en tiempos difíciles. Podemos empezar hablando de lo más obvio que son los músicos invidentes. De toda la vida es costumbre que alguien que pierde la visión toque algún instrumento ya que la mayoría se pueden tocar sin ver. No se pueden leer partituras pero sí existen partituras en braile. Teniendo en cuenta la cantidad de músicos que hay que ven perfectamente y no saben leer una partitura, no parece que sea un problema irresoluble. La lista es de muchos y muy conocidos pero vamos a hablar del más grande de todos, punto. Su himno es el tipico himno de la zona, que lo mismo es un himno que te lo ponen de fondo en un restaurante.

Bangladesch - ein Staat, der aus Massakern hervorging. Die Region war zunächst der östliche Teil Pakistans, im fruchtbaren Mündungsdelta der Flüsse Ganges und Brahmaputra gelegen. Im Verlauf der Unabhängigkeitsbewegung vom westlichen Pakistan kam es 1971 zu schweren Gewalttaten und einem Krieg, an dem schließlich auch Indien beteiligt war. Mehrere Millionen Menschen mussten flüchteten. Von Bettina Weiz (BR 2021)

Last time we spoke about the invasion of the Admiralty Islands and some action on New Britain and Bougainville. The last steps of operation Cartwheel would see the Bismarck-Solomon area sealed off with the capture of the admiralty islands. MacArthur was yet again trying to seize the initiative and force a drive upon the Philippines. A diversionary landing was made against Momote and Los Negros would cost 116 lives, 434 wounded by March 8th. On New Britain, General Rupertus began new amphibious assaults and other actions to cut off the retreat for the Japanese defenders. Then on Bougainville, under immense pressure from his superiors, General Hyakutake prepared to launch his main counterattack, codenamed Operation TA. He assembled 15,000 men who would hit the American defensive perimeter to dislodge the enemy from the island. Was this idea even feasible, or would it all end in a terrific disaster? This episode is the battle of Imphal Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  The war was not going well for the Japanese in 1944. They were on the cusp of being dislodged from the south pacific. Rabaul and Truk were effectively neutralized and the Americans were making enormous strides in the central pacific, seen in the Gilberts and Marshall campaigns. Even in Burma, a war front the Japanese had basically been winning every battle flawlessly, was now suffering defeats. The first defeats were found in the Hukawng Valley and Arakan region. In the face of these terrible defeats, the Japanese General Mutaguchi argued he had the answer.  Mutaguchi, a victor over the Singapore campaign, had wargamed the possibility of invading India and won support of some of his superiors in Tokyo. His reasoning had been to brush past the British in Assam, to storm the gateway into the subcontinent, where hopefully the Indians would rise up to greet the Japanese as liberators. With Subhas Chandra Bose and his Indian National Army, the Japanese could rally the Indians to turn against the British. The collapse of India would be a killing blow against Britain's influence in Asia. Initially it was also believed, such a move would allow the Japanese to link up with the Axis forces in Persia. Such fantastical ideas were farfetched even for 1942 standards, but in 1944 these were laughable. Stalingrad and Kursk had effectively turned the Eastern Front completely around, the Germans were fighting for their survival. Yet this all did not dissuade Mutaguchi.  Lt General Hanaya Tadashi was placed in charge of the Arakan region. Hanaya was tasked with deceiving the British into believing the counter attack in Arakan was an attempt to invade India, thus dragging units out of Imphal. The Operation was codenamed HA-GO, an intended feint, to mask another operation, U-GO to invade Imphal. To pull it off the assault in Arakan was made to be massive. Slim was forced to meet the enemy fiercely in Arakan, he had no choice but to pull his reserves out of Imphal. The Japanese were delivered a nasty surprise with the Admin Box tactic. For over 18 days the battle raged around the Admin Box, but the Japanese could not make a dent. The Japanese forces had expected once the British saw their lines of communications cut and were outflanked they would panic and flee. It was after all what had been occurring for years in Burma. The Japanese hoped to annihilate the 15th corp, but instead the British dug their heels in. Once again victory disease sprang its head force, the arrogant and overly confident Japanese, bit off more than they could chew. It was as if they were facing a brand new opponent. The Admin Box was hit by infantry and aerial attacks, the casualties were terrific, but the Admin Box never wavered. The Japanese had planned for a lighting battle, traveling light and seizing supplies on the go, but the British did not roll over. The Japanese began to run out of supplies, starvation loomed over the invaders. Casualties on both sides increased sharply, and Slim predicted the Japanese would not allow for defeat and instead would redouble their efforts. By February 13th, Slim was confident victory was in their hands as the 26th Indian division began to arrive to deliver a hammer blow with the Admin Box as the anvil. The Japanese fought desperately, but by the 24th they were withdrawing leaving 5000 dead. After defeating the Japanese Slim unleashed his own operation into the Arakan and while doing so his men captured some Japanese documents showcasing operation HA-GO in full. Slim now knew the Japanese were feinting him to draw resources away from Imphal Now Mutaguchi had sold Operation U-GO to his superiors in Tokyo as a pre-emptive strike to disable 14th Army, but in reality it was always to invade India. He also wanted to press the attack farther and take Dimapur, a major supply base through which ran the railway line to Ledo. Taking Dimapur would deal a major blow to the Allies and could potentially open the door to further operations deeper into India. Once they had broken through, the INA would rally local support, enabling them to extend the fight to the British in Assam, Bengal and beyond. For his Operation U-Go, Mutaguchi thought he could outsmart the British in terms of how he would approach Imphal. His plan called for the 33rd Division of Lt General Yanagida Motoso to begin an advance on March 8th attacking from the south. It was presumed the British would expect this and rush reinforcement when attacked. Meanwhile he planned to send the 15th division under Lt General Yamauchi Masafumi a week later to ford the Chindwin River and advance on Imphal from the north. Even further north the entire 31st division of Lt General Sato Kotoku would also ford the Chindwin between Homalin and Tamanthi, advancing northwest to block the main British supply route in the hills at Kohima.  To pull all of this off, Mutaguchi needed to ensure his forces captured Imphal before the monsoon rains made the jungle tracks impassable. He did not have much in terms of supplies to give to his 3 divisions. By 1943, the supply route into Rangoon by sea through the Bay of Bengal had become too dangerous because of attacks by Allied submarines, so the supplies had to rely on the railway being constructed by forced labor and POWs from Thailand. Mutaguchi was well aware of these issues. He knew, however, from personal experience in Malaya and Singapore, that taking logistical risks against the British could bring great rewards. This was because the British, who were usually immeasurably better supplied than the Japanese, frequently left behind large quantities of what the latter referred to as Chachiru kyuyo 'Churchill Rations' in their haste to flee the advancing Japanese. Accordingly, the capture of British supply dumps around Imphal formed a key assumption in his planning. The essence of Mutaguchi's plan was speed - totsusbin ‘swift onslaught' - for if these vast depots were not seized as a matter of priority, the whole offensive would literally run out of fuel. He thought it would take no more than three weeks for his forces to fall on the British supply dumps. Without the capture of these supplies success could not be guaranteed, but it seemed increasingly inconceivable to Mutaguchi that a decisive, overwhelming attack against Imphal would not bring with it rapid and substantial rewards. At no time was he concerned that he might not capture the vast British depots needed to fuel his advance. Imphal needed to be taken by April 10th or it would all be a disaster General Slim planned for his 14th Army to make a stand at Imphal, taking the hit on the chin as they say, before pushing the enemy back. He needed to draw the Japanese in the Imphal Valley, in a tight circle so he could launch an effective counteroffensive. Lt General Geoffrey Scoones 4th corps would deploy the 20th Indian division led by Major General Douglas Gracey around Tamu and the 17th Indian Light Division of Major General David Punch Cowan around Tiddim. Both divisions had been aggressively carrying out patrols in the valley and along the banks of the Chindwin River. The 23rd Indian Division of Major General Ouvry Roberts was held in reserve at Imphal, with his 49th brigade in the Ukhrul area to the northeast.  Once Mutaguchi's offensive kicked off, Slim planned for his two southern divisions to withdraw up the Tamu-Palel and Tiddim roads to go on the defensive around the Imphal Valley. The two divisions would have a short and more secure line of communications and supply behind them as they forced the Japanese to extend them self over the mountains. To counter losing the overland supply line from Kohima, Slim planned to use air supply to maintain his men during the long siege. Slim also expected Mutaguchi to send a single regiment to seize the defenseless Kohima, not an entire division that was further tasked with pouring down into the Brahmaputra valley. That last part would put his entire plan in jeopardy. On March 8th, Operation U-Go was kicked off with Lt General Yanagida Motoso's 33rd division beginning their advance in 4 columns. The left column was the 215th regiment led by Colonel Sasahara Masahiko who advanced south of Tiddim before swinging north towards the village of Singgel. They would come across the large supply deport between the milestones 109 and 110 around the Tiddim road. The central column consisted of the 214th regiment led by Colonel Sakuma Takayoshi, advancing up the Kabaw Valley to assault Tonzang. Following this column up was the Fort White Garrison unit led by Colonel Yagi Shigeru. Both columns would cut off the route of withdrawal of Major General David Cowan's 17th division and annihilate it. Lastly the right column consisting of the Yamamoto Force led by Major General Yamamoto Tsunoru. They would be advancing north up the Kabaw valley to assault Major General Douglas Gracey's 20th Division on the Tamu-Palel Road. There had been early reports from scouts that groups of Japanese soldiers were advancing west of the Tiddim road. This only sounded off the alarm bells for the 14th corps on March 12th, after a verified sighting report was made stating a large group of Japanese were just a few kilometers off the road at Milestone 109.  Consequently, Scoones ordered Cowan to withdraw, so the 17th would begin to move from Tiddim on March 14, after laying mines and booby traps. But it was too late, as the Japanese had already cut the Tiddim Road earlier that morning, so Cowan would have to fight its way out to Imphal. That day, Yamamoto Force had also started attacking Gracey's southern front-line positions, with a particular tank-on-tank battle developing between a troop of M3 Lee/Grant tanks of the 3rd Carabiniers and some six light tanks of the 14th Tank Regiment. The latter were trounced in the end, with four tanks destroyed and two captured. Meanwhile on the 15th, Lt General Yamauchi Masafumi's 15th division began fording the Chindwin river at Thaungdut and Sittaung and would descend upon Imphal from the north. Lt General Sato Kotoku's 31st division also forded the river further north at Homalin, Kawya nad Tamanthi and were rapidly advancing towards Kohima and Ukhrul.  Just as Mutaguchi had guessed, Scoones ordered his 37th and 49th brigades to advance to the Tiddim road to help Cowan's men. Cowan had sent his 63rd indian brigade to attack the 214th regiment at Tonang and Tiutum. Thai left Imphal and Ukhrul with little protection, so Scoones decided to dispatch the newly arrived 50th indian parachute brigade of Brigadier Maxwell Hope-Thomson to defend Ukhrul, but he did not expect them to find a real fight. Ukhrul would only have the lightest of garrisons and no real defenses. Forces in the area comprised two battalions of the newly raised and part-trained 50th Indian Parachute Brigade whose young and professional commander, 31-year-old Brigadier Maxwell 'Tim' Hope-Thomson had persuaded the powers that be in New Delhi to allow him to complete the training of his brigade in territory close to the enemy. At the start of March the brigade HQ and one battalion had arrived in Imphal, and began the leisurely process of shaking itself out in the safety of the hills north-east of the town. To the brigade was added the 4/5th Mahrattas under Lieutenant-Colonel Trim. Sent into the jungle almost to fend for themselves, it was not expected that they would have to fight, let alone be on the receiving end of an entire Japanese divisional attack. They had little equipment, no barbed wire and little or no experience or knowledge of the territory. On March 16th, Scoones ordered Gracey to withdraw, so the 20th Division could begin a controlled withdrawal up the Tamu-Palel Road, gradually moving into three defensive boxes.  The first was to be at Moreh, held by the 32nd Indian Brigade; the second in the Khongkhang–Sibong area, held by the 80th Indian Brigade; and the third was to be on the Shenam Saddle, held by the 100th Indian Brigade. Luckily for the allies, Yamamoto had dispatch two of his battalions in a useless wide flanking maneuver towards Mombi and the Tamu-Palel road. Thus Yamamoto would lack sufficient troops to launch a full attack against the retreating allied forces. Meanwhile Hawker Hurricanes and heavy artillery bombarded as the 63rd launched a direct assault against Tuitum saddle, managing to break through to the Manipur River, leaving a rearguard at the bridge. During the following days, the rearguard would repel a series of intense assaults upon the saddle by the 214th regiment and Yanagida's Fort White column. At the same time the 37th brigade was fighting against the bulk of the 215th regiment around milestone 100. The fighting became very confused as the Japanese units became sandwiched between the allied units who in turn were surrounded by other Japanese units. On March 18th, the 3rd battalion ,215th regiment managed to capture the supply depot between Milestones 109 and 110 facing minor resistance. Then they were forced to repel a number of counter attacks by the 48th Indian brigade. On the 19th, Hope-Thomson received some panicked reports that his battalions were seeing heavy columns of Japanese advancing on their undefended camp at Sheldon's Corner. It was the 31st infantry of Major General Miyazaki Shigesaburo from the 58th regiment. Hope-Thomson made a last minute call to assemble his dispersed forces at the deserted Naga Village of Sangshak. His brigade, when concentrated, consisted of 1850 men. However, as the troops dug in they discovered to their discomfort that they were atop an ancient volcano, and the rock was impervious to their picks. All they could dig were shallow trenches, which provided ineffective protection from Japanese artillery. Like all Naga villages that at Sangshak was perched on a hill, and had no water; anything the men required had to be brought up from the valley floor, through the rapidly tightening Japanese encirclement. Its unknown why Miyazaki diverted his men to hit Sangshak rather than continue towards Kohima. By nightfall of the 22nd, the Japanese infantry overwhelmed Indian defenses without performed a detailed reconnaissance and lacking artillery support. This would prove to be a fatal mistake. 400 Gurkhas of the 153rd parachute battalion began mowing down wave after wave of Japanese troops using machine gun fire. The Japanese 8th Company of 58th lost 90 out of 120 men in the space of just 15 minutes. Suffering tremendous casualties, seeing entire companies decimated, Miyazaki decided to regroup and began tossing numerous frantic efforts to break up the defenders positions.Under heavy mountain artillery fire and unable to be supplied by air, Hope-Thomson's troops grimly held a position that was not even ringed by barbed wire until March 26, when they finally received Scoones' order to pull out.  The Parachute brigade was being virtually destroyed in four battles at Sangshak, suffering 652 casualties. Yet in turn Miyazaki was served nearly 1000 casualties and his advance upon Kohima was held up for a week, severely delaying Sato's plans. Further to the south, Yamauchi's 60th regiment was also facing stubborn defenses at Sangshak. They actually had been waiting for the battle of Sangshak to conclude and only jumped in on the last day's assault. This prevented one of Yamauchi's columns from arriving in time north of Imphal, giving Scoones and Slim an extra few days to prepare Imphal's defenses. Meanwhile on March 23rd, the 48th brigade used their heavy guns and mortars to hit the Japanese positions and managed to force the 215th regiment to pull away from the valuable supply depot. To secure the depot however, they still needed to clear the road from the north. Gurkha's were sent in waves against the strongly defended Japanese bunkers, while the 37th brigade and Hawker Hurricanes hit the main defensive positions of the 215th regiment. At this point, General Yanagida, who had always felt that Allied capabilities were being underestimated, determined that his forces would not be able to hold on much longer and thus ordered them to pull back. Yanagida had received a signal from Colonel Sasahara about the critical situation his regiment was in. Sasahara, in turn, had been reacting to a signal from one of his battalion commanders, Major Sueki. Faced with rapidly depleting ammunition, mounting casualties and attacks on his position near Milestone 109, Sueki had signaled that he would not be able to hold on much longer. He indicated that he would destroy his codes and radio and fight to the end. Sasahara is said to have communicated this and the regiment's resolve to fight to the end to Yanagida. There is some mystery around this signal, some accounts suggesting the division commander received only the latter half of the message. Either way, Yanagida had had enough. All his reservations about the Imphal offensive came to the fore. He ordered the 215th Regiment to pull out and sent a signal to Mutaguchi about his decision. In this he noted the strength of their opponent, questioned the rationale of the operation and remarked on the impossibility of meeting the deadline. He is supposed to have gone so far as to suggest the suspension of the Imphal offensive. This all greatly pissed off Mutaguchi whose divisional commanders for the majority disagreed with his U-GO plan, and Motoso Yanagida openly derided him as an "imbecile". Irregardless, Mutaguchi sought to remove Yanagida from his command. Their relationship would not improve as more setbacks were on the way. With the Japanese dislodged, the 37th Brigade managed to reopen the Tiddim Road and the 48th Brigade finally secured the entire depot area around Milestone 109. Whatever supplies that could be recovered and transported back to Imphal were grabbed, while as many as possible that could be of potential value to the Japanese were destroyed. On the 26th, the 63rd Brigade's rearguard also withdrew, blowing up the Manipur River bridge behind them. Two days later, the 37th made first contact with Cowan's units near Milestone 102 and the 17th Division finally began their retreat towards Imphal. Their only obstacle would be a roadblock established by the 2nd Battalion, 213th Regiment around Khuadam. But that would be cleared out quite easily by Cowan's men who were able to reach Imphal by April 4th. In the meantime, Scoones had asked Gracey to send back one of his 100th indian brigade into the reserve on the 25th, leaving him with only two brigades to fend off the Japanese attacks. The next day, the 11th company, 213th regiment of the Yamamoto Force managed to advance past the main defenses at Moreh, defended by the 32nd indian brigade and captured Nippon Hill. Though they were not under heavy enemy pressure, the 32nd Indian Brigade finally withdrew from Moreh on April 1. It had set the dump on fire; by some estimates at least a million pounds' worth of supplies that had not yet been evacuated were destroyed. They arrived at the Shenam Saddle a few days later to join the 80th Indian Brigade in a fierce battle for Nippon Hill. Meanwhile, Slim had foreseen that reinforcements would be needed at Imphal and Kohima and had already requested them with great urgency.  Slim was granted  30 Dakotas to fly the 5th Division from Arakan back on the 18th. By the 27th, the 9th and 123rd Indian Brigades had arrived at Imphal and the 161st Indian Brigade was being flown to Dimapur to reinforce Kohima. In addition, Slim was promised the 2nd British Division and the 23rd Long Range Penetration Brigade, should it be necessary. General Giffard also decided that once the airlift of the 5th Division was complete, the 7th Division would then be airlifted to Manipur. Yet that is all for the India-Burma front as we need to move over to New Britain. On March 5th, Colonel Smith's 5th marines began loading for an overnight run to the Willaumez Peninsula, departing Iboki by nightfall. The following morning the small convoy assembled off Volupai, waiting for air support to soften up their landing area, but they never showed up. Apparently having reason to believe that the Marines would attempt to land at Beach Red, the defenders constructed an intricate communications net between Talasea and Volupai, placed some mines on the beach, constructed defenses of a sort, sighted in 90mm mortars–and then inexplicably did not attempt to defend the beach as they could have done very well under the circumstances. Realizing the longer they waited the better the enemy could prepare, Smith ordered the first assault wave to hit the beaches at 8:25. LCM-tank gunboats raked the beach with machine-gun fire, as Smith's 1st Battalion successfully landed meeting enemy sniper and mortar fire. Some sniper fire was observed and 90mm mortar shells began splashing in the water, but Companies A and B drove on shoreward and within 10 minutes after crossing the line of departure about 500 Marines had landed. The two assault companies then pushed forward to establish a beachhead line through which the 2nd Battalion could pass and continue the attack in the direction of Bitokara Mission. Company A accomplished this with relatively little difficulty on the right, but on the left there existed a virtually impassable swamp, running north and south and extending to the edge of the Volupai track. As a result, Company B had to pass through a slot between Little Mt. Worri and the swamp in order to accomplish its mission, encountering and eliminating an enemy pocket of resistance before establishing its lines 200 yards inland. Meanwhile the reinforced platoon patrol that had gone after the bunker on Little Mt. Worri had run into difficulty. The retreating enemy joined other of their fellows and hastily manned defensive positions which had been prepared in the Volupai coconut grove. The platoon accounted for about a dozen of the Emperor's troops, losing one Marine killed and another wounded in the process. Finding he could not advance against the Japanese all-around defensive positions, the patrol leader requested assistance but was instructed to hold what he had until the 2nd Battalion arrived on the scene. As the advancing elements pushed their way through the coconut trees, rear echelon personnel on Beach Red suffered heavier casualties than the assault units. All during the day the Japanese lobbed 90mm mortar shells onto the beach, shells landing capriciously and inevitably taking their toll in the crowded, constricted area. Among the early victims was Lieutenant Commander Richard M. Forsythe, regimental surgeon, who continued working with the wounded until he was evacuated. The heaviest casualties that day were recorded in the 11th Marines and among medical company personnel. Both groups had to remain on the beach, there being no other place to go. On top of that, coral reefs were delaying the LCM's from fully landing the 3nd battalion until the early afternoon. Once Company E came ashore, the advance guard rapidly moved forward and began moving through the 1st Battalion's lines astride the Volupai Plantation track at 11:00.  The Marines were brought to an abrupt halt 200 yards farther on where the Japanese had dug positions commanding the narrow trail. As Company E attempted to attack outside the plantation track, a medium tank commanded by Lieutenant John M. Scarborough moved up the trail to the company's assistance and knocked out a heavy machine-gun position. But suddenly two Japanese, one on each side of the trail and each armed with a magnetic mine, leaped out of the brush. The defending Marine infantry killed one before he could reach the tank, but the other succeeded in affixing the mine to the port side of the turret. The blast that followed killed the Japanese and the Marine who was trying to stop him, as well as jamming the turret so that it could not be operated and stunning the tank crew within. Simultaneously the rear of the turret was pierced by a missile, presumably an anti-tank grenade, which made a hole about three quarters of an inch in diameter. Supported by two more tanks and mortars, Company E finally began moving towards the coconut grove with increasing momentum during the afternoon, at the same time capturing a detailed map of Japanese positions in the Talasea-Bitokara-Waru area. As night approached, elements of the 2nd Battalion set up an all-around defense within the coconut grove while the 1st Battalion manned the beachhead. By the end of the first day, the Marines had penetrated approximately 2000 yards inland from the beach and killed 35 Japanese while suffering 13 killed and 71 wounded, most of them to the deadly mortar fire.  More than half of these were incurred on the beach, and the figures for the day represented more than half the total casualties the combat team would suffer between March 6th and its departure on April 25th. 9 of the fatalities and 29 of the wounded were in the 11th Marines alone.  At 2:00am on March 7th, a handful of Japanese attempted to infiltrate the lines of Company E, but the attack was so easily repelled that Smith considered that this wasn't even a counterattack. Actually, realizing that his forces were heavily outnumbered, General Sakai had ordered the defenders to leave a rearguard of about 100 men and withdraw at once towards Bola. During the morning, the 2nd Battalion advanced through the abandoned enemy positions without facing any opposition until they were stopped on Mt. Schleuther's northwest slope at 11:45. It became evident that the Japanese were attempting to turn the battalion's right flank. Luckily, Company F rushed forward and managed to extend the threatened flank and seize the high ground. At 3:00pm, the reserve 3rd Battalion was also landed at Volupai, thus relieving the 1st Battalion at the beachhead. The next morning, after a mortar barrage, the 2nd battalion soon discovered the Japanese had retreated past Bitokara. The Marines quickly captured Bitokara by 1:40pm. The Marines then dispatched scouts towards Mt. Schleuther and Talasea. The Mt. Schleuther scouting group reported that the Japanese were well dug in on a nearby peak, and at 3:00 a task force consisting of Company E and reinforcing elements began the ascent. A request for artillery fire on Scheuther brought several rounds dangerously close to the 2nd battalion, 5th Marines CP, and the battalion's 81mm mortars promptly took over the support missions. As the task force approached the enemy positions, however, it ran into concentrated fire from machine-guns and small arms, backed up by a 90mm mortar and a 75mm field piece. The Marines fought back for an hour and sustained 18 casualties before they were ordered withdrawn to the mission. The second scouting party had returned from Talasea, meanwhile, to report no indications of the enemy.    As no enemy presence was found on the latter, Company F advanced to the airdrome and in less than an hour reported it secured. Meanwhile the 1st Battalion advanced to Liapo and then began to push over rough terrain towards Waru, finally digging in for the night just a bit short of its objective. After some artillery and mortar dueling during the night, Companies G, B and C launched a coordinated assault at 8:00am on the 9th. Once again, they found abandoned positions, successfully clearing the Waru area by 1:00pm. Also a patrol was landed on Garua Island at 11:47, reporting it deserted as well.  By the afternoon, Smith moved his command post to Bitokara and informed the division that Talasea was secure and that his forces would now concentrate on mopping up and patrolling the Willaumez Peninsula. The 4 day campaign had cost the Marines 17 killed and 114 wounded, while estimating they had killed 150 Japanese. But now we need to jump over to Bougainville. The Japanese had begun earlier in the year to improve some trails, particularly the net leading from the Mosigetta-Mawaraka area. A rough road had been completed through the jungle to the jump-off positions for the infantry. Nevertheless, the movement of over fifteen thousand troops with all their equipment proved to be a major task that would have dampened the spirits of all but the most ardent warriors. Artillery units had a particularly difficult time pulling their heavy guns through the jungle to get them into position to support the attack. Their task was made even more difficult by the daily downpour that flooded the streams, washing away many of the makeshift bridges and making some trails veritable seas of mud. American intelligence by mid-February was aware of the large-scale movement toward the perimeter and Allied planes repeatedly attacked the trails. Despite all these difficulties, the Japanese soldiers displaying their tenacity and ability to overcome the most difficult obstacles, brought up the supplies and eventually had all the guns in place for the attack. All of this was done to support a major counteroffensive scheduled to begin on March 8th. On the 7th, the Iwasa unit has assembled behind Hill 1111; the Magata Unit behind Mount Nampei; the Muda Unit at Peko village on the East-West Trail, and the 17th Army Artillery Group, commanded by Colonel Saito Harumasa in place near Hill 600. Facing them, were the men of the 37th and Americal Divisions, who were on full alert in their foxholes and bunkers, waiting for the great Japanese counterattack. On the 8th General Hyakutake's counterattack began with a heavy albeit uncoordinated artillery bombardment. The Japanese artillery concentrated its fire on Piva Yoke instead of the forward areas of the perimeter, which would be the main initial point of attack. The artillery fire was delivered spasmodically and with poor coordination despite the high vantage points from which the Japanese surveyed the central segment of the American positions. The Japanese artillery did little damage. American corps and division artillery countered immediately, the 37th Division guns firing on the suspected hills to the northeast and the Americal howitzers concentrating on those to the east. The 6th Field Artillery Battalion and the 129th Infantry's cannon company were so situated that they could fire directly at the gun flashes. All other guns were directed by forward observers or spotter planes. Destroyers in Empress Augusta Bay also fired counterbattery missions. By midmorning marine dive and torpedo bombers were flying neutralization missions against Hills 250 and 600. Then in the afternoon 56 SBDs and 36 TBFs, guided by artillery smokeshells, struck the main concentrations on and around hill 1111. This all massively delayed the Japanese main assault. Only the 23rd Regiment would manage to assemble in place for the attack on Hill 700 by nightfall. Under drenching rainfall, the Japanese thus attacked the hill with some companies, yet their first assault was easily repelled by the experienced defenders.  At 2:30General Iwasa launched his main assault, sending his 2nd and 3rd battalions, 23rd division against the saddle. Despite the heavy fire from the 145th Regiment, the Japanese stormed the hill en masse, screaming and screaming threats in English and even singing American songs, presumably in attempts to unnerve the defenders of the hill. According to the historian of the 145th  "The enemy stormed the hill, clawing his way up the steep slope, yelling like a maniac, suicidally putting everything he had into a frontal attack designed to take the highest point on the hill. ... The 145th Infantry, defending the ridge, were somewhat taken aback by an enemy so unreasoning as to crawl up the 70-degree slope on all fours, rifles slung over their backs." Suffering severe losses, Iwasa's 2nd Battalion managed to blast their way through the protective wire and knock out one of the pillboxes. Through this gap, the Japanese moved onto the saddle and began to attack adjacent strongpoints, securing a penetration of the 145th's line 70 yards wide and 50 yards deep. Behind them, however, an effective artillery response would break up the attack of Iwasa's 3rd Battalion; yet the 2nd Battalion would continue to expand this perimeter until, by 12:00, they had captured seven pillboxes and had brought up machine-guns and mortars with which they could put McClelland Road, the only lateral supply road for the 145th, under direct fire. Supply of the forward troops became very difficult, since the three-quarter-ton trucks and half-tracks could not use the road. All supplies had to be hand carried. Evacuation of the wounded also became difficult and dangerous. Japanese machine guns on the crest of the hill were able to cover the ridge with accurate and deadly grazing fire. They had placed other machine guns in trees on the spur of the hill about a hundred yards to the rear of the ground-emplaced weapons, which could sweep the entire front. With the exception of a few scattered trees and shallow trenches, there was little cover for troops of the 145th who moved up the steep slopes attempting to retake the lost positions. All during the day the Japanese were also extending the trenches repairing the old pillboxes, and building new ones. In response to this breakthrough, General Beightler sent the 1st Battalion, 145th Regiment to counterattack. By noon, the Americans were attacking the newly-gained Japanese positions, successfully retaking five of the lost pillboxes against heavy fire and establishing a new line just south of the crest by nightfall. The first attempt to recapture Hill 700 was launched at noon on the 9th. Company C moved northward against the saddle in a direct frontal assault while two platoons of Company F attacked the saddle from the flanks. Company C was halted by devastating fire two-thirds of the way to its objective, and the men were forced to dig in and hold what they had gained. Meanwhile the riflemen of Company F had retaken five of the lost pillboxes, and the line, now reinforced, was solidly established by nightfall just south of the crest. Beightler had ordered two tanks forward late in the afternoon to take enemy targets under direct fire, particularly those that menaced McClelland Road, but the terrain proved too steep for them to be used effectively. Thankfully, Iwasa's breakthrough had been contained, with the 145th losing 23 killed and 128 wounded against an estimated 500 enemy dead.  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Mutaguchi's insane Operation U-Go was not going the way he thought it would. General Slim was outsmarting his enemy and it seems the allies were going to make further gains in Burma. Meanwhile things were heating up on Bougainville as Iwasa continued his grand offensive. 

El mayor delta fluvial del mundo, la descomunal telaraña de ríos que conforma la desembocadura del Ganges, es la base sobre la que se asienta Bangladés. A merced de las crecidas monzónicas, los ciclones y la subida del nivel del océano, la sociedad bangladesí está acostumbrada a convivir con el agua. Incluso en la superpoblada capital, donde el río Buriganga sigue siendo una vía de comunicación fundamental. El presidente de la asociación Valiente Bangla, Elahi Mohammad Fazle, nos acompaña en esta rápida visita sonora que parte de Daca y amplía el foco hacia el norte y el sur. El periodista Igor García Barbero, antiguo residente y autor del libro 'Bangladés. Crónica de un país olvidado' (Editorial UOC), nos ayuda a entender el duro pasado de esta joven nación, sometida primero al imperio británico y después a Pakistán, del que logró independizarse tras una dura guerra. Con él visitamos la vieja Daca, el lujoso distrito de Gulshan y algunas islas de limo que surgen en ríos como el Brahmaputra. Gloria López, de la Asociación de Apoyo Humano a Bangladés, retrata el populoso y creativo barrio de Mirpur. Contamos también con la visión de los fotoperiodistas Irene Vilà Capafons y Pau de la Calle, que han desarrollado un ambicioso proyecto documental centrado en los efectos del cambio climático, visible especialmente en las zonas costeras del Golfo de Bengala. Ese extremo sur es, precisamente, uno de los polos de interés turístico, aunque el país no disponga de una infraestructura desarrollada para el gran público internacional. Hay quien acude con la esperanza de avistar al esquivo y diezmado tigre de Bengala en los manglares de los Sundarbans; otros prefieren disfrutar de la playa de arena natural más larga del mundo, ubicada más allá de la portuaria Chittagong, en la localidad de Cox's Bazar. Y cerca de ese paraíso, el pueblo rohinyá vive su particular infierno en Kutupalong, el campo de refugiados más grande del planeta: lo visitamos con la cooperante Ana de la Vega.Escuchar audio

An easier than usual Saturday crossword (for at least one of our cohosts, no prizes for guessing who!), which means that -- according to the Law of Conservation of Crossword Difficulty -- Sunday is going to be a toughie! This puzzle did have some fine moments, though, including 13D, Caped crusader?, TORERO; 14D, First garment, perhaps, ONESIE; and one of the finer "bail out" excuses of recent times, 7D, "That's why you get the big bucks and not me", ABOVEMYPAYGRADE.   Show notes imagery: The Brahmaputra, the 9th largest river in the world (based on the volume of water discharged)Contact Info:We love listener mail! Drop us a line, crosswordpodcast@icloud.com.Also, we're on FaceBook, so feel free to drop by there and strike up a conversation!

Sima Saigal's The Second World War and North East India: Shadows of Yesteryears (Routledge, 2022) discusses the untold story of North East India's role during the Second World War and its resultant socio-economic and political impact. It goes beyond standard campaign histories and the epicentre of the Kohima-Imphal battlefields to the Brahmaputra and Surma Valley of Assam--the administrative and political hub of the region, where decisions on the allied war efforts were deliberated and effected right from the outset of the War. What happened in the entire region during the intervening years from 1939? What did the war mean for the people of Assam? How were resources from the region mobilized for the global war effort and how did people adapt, co-opt and survive during these tumultuous years? What was the response of the nationalist and provincial political leaders to the challenges and demands of war? How did the crisis of the 1942 war impact the region?  First of its kind, this book investigates hitherto unanswered questions to offer an understanding of contemporary Assam and the North East, including discussions on the complexity of issues such as terrain, migration, taxation, profiteering, inflation, famine and food grain trade. With its lucid style and rich archival material, this volume will be essential for scholars and researchers of history, the Second World War, South Asian history, politics and international relations, colonial studies, sociology and social anthropology, and North East India studies as well as to the interested general reader. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Sima Saigal's The Second World War and North East India: Shadows of Yesteryears (Routledge, 2022) discusses the untold story of North East India's role during the Second World War and its resultant socio-economic and political impact. It goes beyond standard campaign histories and the epicentre of the Kohima-Imphal battlefields to the Brahmaputra and Surma Valley of Assam--the administrative and political hub of the region, where decisions on the allied war efforts were deliberated and effected right from the outset of the War. What happened in the entire region during the intervening years from 1939? What did the war mean for the people of Assam? How were resources from the region mobilized for the global war effort and how did people adapt, co-opt and survive during these tumultuous years? What was the response of the nationalist and provincial political leaders to the challenges and demands of war? How did the crisis of the 1942 war impact the region?  First of its kind, this book investigates hitherto unanswered questions to offer an understanding of contemporary Assam and the North East, including discussions on the complexity of issues such as terrain, migration, taxation, profiteering, inflation, famine and food grain trade. With its lucid style and rich archival material, this volume will be essential for scholars and researchers of history, the Second World War, South Asian history, politics and international relations, colonial studies, sociology and social anthropology, and North East India studies as well as to the interested general reader. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Sima Saigal's The Second World War and North East India: Shadows of Yesteryears (Routledge, 2022) discusses the untold story of North East India's role during the Second World War and its resultant socio-economic and political impact. It goes beyond standard campaign histories and the epicentre of the Kohima-Imphal battlefields to the Brahmaputra and Surma Valley of Assam--the administrative and political hub of the region, where decisions on the allied war efforts were deliberated and effected right from the outset of the War. What happened in the entire region during the intervening years from 1939? What did the war mean for the people of Assam? How were resources from the region mobilized for the global war effort and how did people adapt, co-opt and survive during these tumultuous years? What was the response of the nationalist and provincial political leaders to the challenges and demands of war? How did the crisis of the 1942 war impact the region?  First of its kind, this book investigates hitherto unanswered questions to offer an understanding of contemporary Assam and the North East, including discussions on the complexity of issues such as terrain, migration, taxation, profiteering, inflation, famine and food grain trade. With its lucid style and rich archival material, this volume will be essential for scholars and researchers of history, the Second World War, South Asian history, politics and international relations, colonial studies, sociology and social anthropology, and North East India studies as well as to the interested general reader. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/military-history

Sima Saigal's The Second World War and North East India: Shadows of Yesteryears (Routledge, 2022) discusses the untold story of North East India's role during the Second World War and its resultant socio-economic and political impact. It goes beyond standard campaign histories and the epicentre of the Kohima-Imphal battlefields to the Brahmaputra and Surma Valley of Assam--the administrative and political hub of the region, where decisions on the allied war efforts were deliberated and effected right from the outset of the War. What happened in the entire region during the intervening years from 1939? What did the war mean for the people of Assam? How were resources from the region mobilized for the global war effort and how did people adapt, co-opt and survive during these tumultuous years? What was the response of the nationalist and provincial political leaders to the challenges and demands of war? How did the crisis of the 1942 war impact the region?  First of its kind, this book investigates hitherto unanswered questions to offer an understanding of contemporary Assam and the North East, including discussions on the complexity of issues such as terrain, migration, taxation, profiteering, inflation, famine and food grain trade. With its lucid style and rich archival material, this volume will be essential for scholars and researchers of history, the Second World War, South Asian history, politics and international relations, colonial studies, sociology and social anthropology, and North East India studies as well as to the interested general reader. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/south-asian-studies

Sima Saigal's The Second World War and North East India: Shadows of Yesteryears (Routledge, 2022) discusses the untold story of North East India's role during the Second World War and its resultant socio-economic and political impact. It goes beyond standard campaign histories and the epicentre of the Kohima-Imphal battlefields to the Brahmaputra and Surma Valley of Assam--the administrative and political hub of the region, where decisions on the allied war efforts were deliberated and effected right from the outset of the War. What happened in the entire region during the intervening years from 1939? What did the war mean for the people of Assam? How were resources from the region mobilized for the global war effort and how did people adapt, co-opt and survive during these tumultuous years? What was the response of the nationalist and provincial political leaders to the challenges and demands of war? How did the crisis of the 1942 war impact the region?  First of its kind, this book investigates hitherto unanswered questions to offer an understanding of contemporary Assam and the North East, including discussions on the complexity of issues such as terrain, migration, taxation, profiteering, inflation, famine and food grain trade. With its lucid style and rich archival material, this volume will be essential for scholars and researchers of history, the Second World War, South Asian history, politics and international relations, colonial studies, sociology and social anthropology, and North East India studies as well as to the interested general reader. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/japanese-studies

Sima Saigal's The Second World War and North East India: Shadows of Yesteryears (Routledge, 2022) discusses the untold story of North East India's role during the Second World War and its resultant socio-economic and political impact. It goes beyond standard campaign histories and the epicentre of the Kohima-Imphal battlefields to the Brahmaputra and Surma Valley of Assam--the administrative and political hub of the region, where decisions on the allied war efforts were deliberated and effected right from the outset of the War. What happened in the entire region during the intervening years from 1939? What did the war mean for the people of Assam? How were resources from the region mobilized for the global war effort and how did people adapt, co-opt and survive during these tumultuous years? What was the response of the nationalist and provincial political leaders to the challenges and demands of war? How did the crisis of the 1942 war impact the region?  First of its kind, this book investigates hitherto unanswered questions to offer an understanding of contemporary Assam and the North East, including discussions on the complexity of issues such as terrain, migration, taxation, profiteering, inflation, famine and food grain trade. With its lucid style and rich archival material, this volume will be essential for scholars and researchers of history, the Second World War, South Asian history, politics and international relations, colonial studies, sociology and social anthropology, and North East India studies as well as to the interested general reader. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

Riverine trade is the lifeline for Western Europe. Nearly one tonne Hundreds of large freighting boats make their way across the continent. They ferry coal, cars, food and other essentials from countries to ports across the continent. Rivers such as the Rhine, Danube, and others are the engines of trade and growth in Europe. This industry generates employment, driving economic growth, and enhancing social development. The recent efforts by South Asian countries to restore their ancient inland waterways, which previously served as vital transportation channels for goods and people across their borders and into neighboring countries, are promising development. These renovations will facilitate trade, attract investments, and spur growth in the region. Over 600 million individuals reside near the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers in Bangladesh and India, with millions more located near navigable tributaries. Utilizing water transport for moving goods is a more cost-effective and environmentally sustainable alternative to trucks on congested highways. However, much of the cross-border river traffic linking Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and landlocked Nepal and Bhutan was disrupted following India's partition and the ensuing conflicts. Therefore, reviving and integrating the extensive network of inland waterways with coastal shipping is crucial to expanding trade in the region. With a fully functional system, a vessel could collect freight across the region.

For much of the past three months, the northeastern Indian state of Manipur—nestled right up against the border with Myanmar—has been the site of a conflict between two groups: the majority Meiteis and the minority Kukis. The fighting–with scenes of brutal violence, looting of police stations, and burnt places of worship–even sparked a motion of no confidence against Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The region of northeast India has long posed a challenge for its leaders, both local and national. Geographically isolated from the rest of India due to partition and the awkward placement of what eventually becomes Bangladesh, the region soon features countless ethnic groups demanding authority and autonomy in the newly independent India—at times, through violent resistance—and a heavy-handed national administration quite willing to impose martial law to get things under control. Journalist Samrat Choudhury writes about this region in his latest book, Northeast India: A Political History (Oxford UP, 2023). Samrat talks about the region's eight states: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim, and their experience under first the British, and then newly-independent India. Samrat is a journalist and former newspaper editor who has written for major papers and magazines in Britain, the US, Asia and Europe. He has edited anthologies, contributed to academic publications, and authored books including novel The Urban Jungle (Penguin Books India: 2011) and travelog The Braided River: A Journey Along the Brahmaputra (HarperCollins: 2021). Today, Samrat and I talk about this region's sometimes messy history, its experience with insurgencies and the tough government reaction, and touch briefly on what's happening in Manipur today. You can find more reviews, excerpts, interviews, and essays at The Asian Review of Books, including its review of Northeast India. Follow on Twitter at @BookReviewsAsia. Nicholas Gordon is an associate editor for a global magazine, and a reviewer for the Asian Review of Books. He can be found on Twitter at @nickrigordon. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! En este episodio, hemos explorado los conflictos geopolíticos que surgen entre los países por el control de los recursos hídricos. Sin ir más lejos, hace menos de 10 días Irán y Afganistán se han enzarzado en un conflicto fronterizo por el agua del río Helmand. Hemos discutido casos como la cuenca del río Tigris-Éufrates y la cuenca del río Jordán, donde la escasez de agua y la competencia por su acceso han generado tensiones y disputas geopolíticas. También hemos profundizado en la crisis de la Presa del Renacimiento, que enfrenta a Egipto y Etiopía. No nos olvidamos de los ríos Indios como el Brahmaputra en la India o el Mekong en el sudeste asiático, cuyo nacimiento está en el Tíbet y es China quien tiene la llave con su gran red de presas. Mencionamos el problema de la sobreexplotación de los acuíferos del Sahara o el Guaraní. Y explicamos la (falta) de regulación internacional que provoca mayor tensión a los países hidro-dependientes y da mas poder a los que tienen la maneta del grifo. En el tablero de juego mundial, la geo-estrategia de las cuencas hidrográficas tiene más peso que los tanques o los aviones, y una sola presa puede cambiar el curso económico y político de varios países. Esta nueva partida es objeto de la tertulia entre 🌍 María Vázquez, 🌍 Antonio Gómez y 🌍 Dani CarAn. 🌏 EL GRAN JUEGO FANS es un programa de la 🏭 Factoría Casus Belli producido por 🛠 Pod Factory para ⭐️ Casus Belli Podcast. 💥 Si quieres acceder a episodios como estos, 👉 a + de 600 episodios exclusivos de Historia Bélica, 👉 a un nuevo programas CB FANS cada viernes, 👉 a escuchar todos los programas de Casus Belli sin publicidad 👉 y contribuir a que el proyecto continúe, puedes apoyarnos por menos de lo que cuestan dos cafés ☕+☕. ⭐ Casus Belli Podcast pertenece a 🏭 Factoría Casus Belli. ⭐ Casus Belli Podcast forma parte de 📀 Ivoox Originals. 📚 Zeppelin Books zeppelinbooks.com es un sello editorial de la 🏭 Factoría Casus Belli. 👉https://podcastcasusbelli.com 👉En Facebook, nuestra página es @casusbellipodcast https://www.facebook.com/CasusBelliPodcast 👉En Instagram estamos como @casusbellipodcast https://www.instagram.com/casusbellipodcast 👉En Twitter estamos como @casusbellipod @CasusBelliPod 👉Telegram, nuestro canal es @casusbellipodcast https://t.me/casusbellipodcast 👨‍💻Nuestro chat del canal es https://t.me/aviones10 La música aparecida en este episodio lo hacen bajo la licencia privada de Jamendo Music, Epidemic Sound, o licencia global contratada y gestionada por IVOOX (SGAE RRDD/4/1074/1012), para el uso de "música comercial" del repertorio de la Sociedad de Gestión. El resto de música es bajo licencia Creative Commons 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ 🌎 Diseño del logotipo Fabián https://linktr.ee/publicidadfabian publicidadfabian@yahoo.es ¿QUIERES ANUNCIARTE en este Podcast, esponsorizar un episodio o contratar una mini serie? Hazlo a través de 👉 https://www.advoices.com/casus-belli-podcast-historia 📧¿Queréis contarnos algo? También puedes escribirnos a casus.belli.pod@gmail.com Si te ha gustado, y crees que nos lo merecemos, nos sirve mucho que nos des un like, ya que nos da mucha visibilidad. Muchas gracias por escucharnos, y hasta la próxima. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Mitul Baruah's Slow Disaster: Political Ecology of Hazards and Everyday Life in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam (Routledge, 2022) presents a fascinating, ethnographic account of the challenges faced by communities living in Majuli, India, one of the largest river islands in the world, which has experienced immense socio-environmental transformations over the years, processes that are emblematic of the Brahmaputra Valley as a whole. Written in an engaging style, full of the author's insider perspectives, this insightful volume explores the processes of flooding and riverbank erosion in Majuli, including re-configuration of the island's geographies, loss of local livelihoods, and large-scale displacement of the population. The book begins with an examination of the physical geography of Majuli and its ecological complexities, leading to discussion on the role of the state in water governance and hazard management, as well as popular resistance by the rural communities on the island. The book focuses on livelihoods as a way of offering economic context to living in challenging environmental conditions and examines the interactions between the state and a whole host of non-state actors, and the everyday, arbitrary functioning of the bureaucracy in a hazardscape. This volume is an invaluable resource for scholars interested in political ecology of hazards and vulnerability, water and hydraulic infrastructure, rural livelihoods and agrarian questions, state theorizations, island studies, and resistance and social movements, as well as those with an interest in northeast India more generally across various disciplines. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Mitul Baruah's Slow Disaster: Political Ecology of Hazards and Everyday Life in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam (Routledge, 2022) presents a fascinating, ethnographic account of the challenges faced by communities living in Majuli, India, one of the largest river islands in the world, which has experienced immense socio-environmental transformations over the years, processes that are emblematic of the Brahmaputra Valley as a whole. Written in an engaging style, full of the author's insider perspectives, this insightful volume explores the processes of flooding and riverbank erosion in Majuli, including re-configuration of the island's geographies, loss of local livelihoods, and large-scale displacement of the population. The book begins with an examination of the physical geography of Majuli and its ecological complexities, leading to discussion on the role of the state in water governance and hazard management, as well as popular resistance by the rural communities on the island. The book focuses on livelihoods as a way of offering economic context to living in challenging environmental conditions and examines the interactions between the state and a whole host of non-state actors, and the everyday, arbitrary functioning of the bureaucracy in a hazardscape. This volume is an invaluable resource for scholars interested in political ecology of hazards and vulnerability, water and hydraulic infrastructure, rural livelihoods and agrarian questions, state theorizations, island studies, and resistance and social movements, as well as those with an interest in northeast India more generally across various disciplines. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/anthropology

Mitul Baruah's Slow Disaster: Political Ecology of Hazards and Everyday Life in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam (Routledge, 2022) presents a fascinating, ethnographic account of the challenges faced by communities living in Majuli, India, one of the largest river islands in the world, which has experienced immense socio-environmental transformations over the years, processes that are emblematic of the Brahmaputra Valley as a whole. Written in an engaging style, full of the author's insider perspectives, this insightful volume explores the processes of flooding and riverbank erosion in Majuli, including re-configuration of the island's geographies, loss of local livelihoods, and large-scale displacement of the population. The book begins with an examination of the physical geography of Majuli and its ecological complexities, leading to discussion on the role of the state in water governance and hazard management, as well as popular resistance by the rural communities on the island. The book focuses on livelihoods as a way of offering economic context to living in challenging environmental conditions and examines the interactions between the state and a whole host of non-state actors, and the everyday, arbitrary functioning of the bureaucracy in a hazardscape. This volume is an invaluable resource for scholars interested in political ecology of hazards and vulnerability, water and hydraulic infrastructure, rural livelihoods and agrarian questions, state theorizations, island studies, and resistance and social movements, as well as those with an interest in northeast India more generally across various disciplines. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/south-asian-studies

Mitul Baruah's Slow Disaster: Political Ecology of Hazards and Everyday Life in the Brahmaputra Valley, Assam (Routledge, 2022) presents a fascinating, ethnographic account of the challenges faced by communities living in Majuli, India, one of the largest river islands in the world, which has experienced immense socio-environmental transformations over the years, processes that are emblematic of the Brahmaputra Valley as a whole. Written in an engaging style, full of the author's insider perspectives, this insightful volume explores the processes of flooding and riverbank erosion in Majuli, including re-configuration of the island's geographies, loss of local livelihoods, and large-scale displacement of the population. The book begins with an examination of the physical geography of Majuli and its ecological complexities, leading to discussion on the role of the state in water governance and hazard management, as well as popular resistance by the rural communities on the island. The book focuses on livelihoods as a way of offering economic context to living in challenging environmental conditions and examines the interactions between the state and a whole host of non-state actors, and the everyday, arbitrary functioning of the bureaucracy in a hazardscape. This volume is an invaluable resource for scholars interested in political ecology of hazards and vulnerability, water and hydraulic infrastructure, rural livelihoods and agrarian questions, state theorizations, island studies, and resistance and social movements, as well as those with an interest in northeast India more generally across various disciplines. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/geography

Origin stories of the #Brahmaputra river, featuring noble intentions to help millions, an accidentally mis-phrased wish, and a modern upgrade to wish fulfillment Transcript and show notes Music: https://www.purple-planet.com #sfipodcast #Brahma #NaradaMuni #Narada #Parshuram #Parshurama #Buddha

This week, The Musafir Stories speaks with Prasenjit Sharma, founder of Kamakhya walks and Six Degree Adventures!   Today's destination: Guwahati, Assam!   Nearest Airport: Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport, GAU   Nearest Railway Station: Guwahati Railway Station, GHY   Prerequisites -  N/A   Packing - N/A   Time of the year - October to March    Length of the itinerary: 5-6 days   Itinerary Highlights:    Prasenjit kicks off the episode by giving us an overview of Guwahati and its strategic location as a gateway to the Northeast. The walk begins in the Nilachal Hills in Guwahati.  Kamakhya walks covers the spiritual trails in Assam, including but not limited to the iconic Kamakhya temple complex. The Kamakhya temple is believed to be one of the Shakti peeths in hinduism and is considered as a holy place for Hindus. It is believed that the reproductive organ of Sati, the wife of Shiva, landed here after the episode including her father's yagnya.  Prasenjit provides us with a background of the story related to Sati, Shiva and Dakshya and how this place came to be such a significant place for Hindus. Kamakhya is also known as the center for Tantrik fertility worship, given the backstory.  We also review the pillars of Tantrik worship, its perceptions, as well as related practices. In addition to this, we also cover things like architecture, the concept of sacrifice, panchamakara offering in tantrik worship as well as the other significant temples in the Kamakhya complex.  We also discuss the festival of Ambubachi, the festival that celebrates the menstrual cycle of the goddess and its beliefs. The temple sees close to 500,000 devotees during this festival and is often referred to as the mini-kumbh.  The communities in the temple complex including the pandas or the priests, the mali community or the cleaning staff and the signers are discussed along with some commonly held perceptions.  Prasenjit also highlights the contribution of the Ahom kingdom to Assam, a kingdom that ruled the region for over 600 years and was never defeated by the Mughals in 17 attempts. We talk about the heroic Lachit Barphukan, his rise and achievements and how they are being identified by the National Defense Academy.  We discuss other important places in the vicinity including Uzan bazaar, flower markets, beautiful heritage buildings, Ugra Tara temple, Pobitora wildlife sanctuary, Mayang - the black magic capital, Umananda island - the smallest river island, Gurudwara in Dhubri, Paua Mecca mosque in Hajo, buddhist sites, Kaziranga and Manas national parks among other places.  The team also engages in arts and crafts tours covering bell metal, cane and bamboo, traditional jewellery, textile tours covering the popular muga silk in Sualkuchi, the gamcha or gamosa, makhela chador as well as the celebrations of Bihu Finally we discuss some exotic delicacies from Assam including rice and chicken powder, silkworm fry, ghost pepper or bhoot jhalokia, bamboo shoot and pork, sticky rice among other things.    Links: Kamakhya walks on  Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kamakhyawalks/ Kamakhya walks on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KamakhyaWalks/ Six Degree Adventures on Instagram  - https://www.instagram.com/sixdegreeadventures/ Prasenjit's Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/dreamweavers.journal/ Link to podcast on Majuli - https://open.spotify.com/episode/16TwAz8XY5luMwv3yYsO9r?si=1f6d842cc5264e5f Link to website - https://www.sixdegreeadventures.com   Cover Photo by Suchitra Shots on Unsplash   Follow the Musafir stories on: Twitter : https://twitter.com/musafirstories?lang=en Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/themusafirstories/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/musafirstoriespodcast/?hl=en website: www.themusafirstories.com email: themusafirstories@gmail.com You can check out IVM Podcasts website at https://shows.ivmpodcasts.com/featured Do follow IVM Podcasts on social media. We are @IVMPodcasts on Facebook, Twitter, & Instagram. https://twitter.com/IVMPodcasts https://www.instagram.com/ivmpodcasts/?hl=en https://www.facebook.com/ivmpodcasts/ Follow the show across platforms: Spotify, Google Podcasts, Apple Podcasts, JioSaavn, Gaana, Amazon Music Do share the word with you folks!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra and Padma mingle and create the ever-changing delta known as the Sundarbans. This wild country of mangrove forests is like no other on earth. And its folklore is just as unique. Ghostly lights, a shapeshifting were-tiger who may be a god or a demon… and a benevolent lady of the forest. Why are so many strange tales born in the shadows of the Sundarbans?Deep Dives:Junglenama: A Story of the Sundarbans by Amitav Ghosh: https://amzn.eu/d/1sy5BNx The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh: https://amzn.eu/d/i4EWPfl Just like Rumors, Bound helps brands and storytellers create high-quality, knowledgeable, and stellar podcasts with our end-to-end podcast and video production services. Reach out to our producer, Aishwarya Javalgekar, at aishwarya@boundindia.com to get started on your podcasting journey or analyze if a podcast is right for you.‘Rumors' shines a light on the darkest corners of India, where fact and fiction combine into magical and haunting stories. Brought to you by Bound, a company that helps you grow through stories. Follow us @boundindia on all social platforms. Written and voiced by Chandrima Das, a best-selling author, storyteller and an avid collector of dark tales. Follow her @hackiechan on all social media platforms. Produced by Aishwarya JavalgekarSound design by Aditya AryaArtwork by Artisto Designz Disclaimer: This show is for entertainment purposes only and is not intended to outrage, insult, defame, or hurt any religion or religious sentiments, beliefs, feelings of any person, entity, class or community and does not encourage or propagate any superstition, black magic and/ or witchcraft. While every effort has been made in research, we do not make any representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy, applicability or completeness of the content.

In this story, a princess lives in a castle with many rings. Every day she plays with a cute bunny. Eventually, she notices that she is losing rings, but she loves the bunny so. Finally she runs out of rings and is sad. This makes the king and queen call for all of the story tellers in the land. This sets us off on a whole new journey. Source: THE ISLANDS OF MAGIC LEGENDS, FOLK AND FAIRY TALES FROM THE AZORES RETOLD BY ELSIE SPICER EELLS Narrator: Dustin Steichmann Sound fx: AHEV forest by Dustin Steichmann Music: Dança de Carnaval Recolhimento Santa Maria Madalena- Santa Maria Açores 2012 Podcast Shoutout: Betwixt the Sheets Listener Shoutout: Assam is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Language Assamese Give me feedback on Galas --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/sandman-stories/message

Brahmaputra  In ancient times there was a great sage named Shantanu, his wife was Amogha. Once Amogha consumed Brahmabeej, that resulted into a stream of water from her nostrils. That stream of water filled the Brahmakund. The river originating from Brahmakund is called Brahmaputra, because of emerging from Brahmabeej.      Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of Living With The River we are in conversation with Devadeep Gupta, an artist from Assam who works with visual mediums like photographs and films in his works. We discuss some of Devadeep's work surrounding the river Brahmaputra, and the evolution of his sensibilities with respect to the subject matter and the mediums used for the same. Parts of our conversation meanders into our perceptions of the city of Guwahati, we question the existing standards of beautification and the place/responsibilities that we as people living next to the river have in this process.

In this episode Tibet House US | Menla President & Co-Founder Robert A.F. Thurman sits down for a heart-centered talk about Buddhist perspectives on the environment, Earth Day and the importance of rallying the modern environmental movement's understanding of the too often overlooked crisis on the Tibetan plateau, the Hindu Kush, and the Himalayas, known as "the Third Pole," due to its containing the world's largest collection of glacial ice after the Arctic and Antarctic poles. The Third Pole crisis comes from the ice melting four to six times faster than other global overheating sites, due to widespread mismanagement and exploitation, threatening the water resources flowing down the Yellow, Yangtse, Mekong, Irawaddy, Brahmaputra, Ganges, and Indus rivers, among others, the lifelines of over a billion people during long dry seasons between annual monsoons Using personal anecdotes, statistics from Al Gore's Climate Reality Project, as well as insights from the historical Buddha's teachings and life story, Thurman weaves an inspiring call to action for intelligent beings of all faiths, backgrounds, political beliefs and stances. This podcast includes: an extended re-telling of the Buddha's enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, introductions to the histories of Earth Day, The Climate Reality Project and Tibet House US | Menla, as well as simple ways anyone, anywhere can employ to shift their perspective to begin making a difference both in their own lives and in their communities. The episode concludes with an invitation to the Third Pole Hybrid Online & In-Person Conference, happening in the Fall of 2022 at Menla Retreat and Dewa Spa as well as a frank discussion on the importance of direct engagement and democratic participation in saving the planet for this and all future generations. About Earth Day: Every year on April 22, Earth Day marks the anniversary of the birth of the modern environmental movement in 1970. In the decades leading up to the first Earth Day, Air pollution was commonly accepted as the smell of prosperity. Until this point, mainstream America remained largely oblivious to environmental concerns and how a polluted environment threatens human health. However, the stage was set for change with the publication of Rachel Carson's New York Times bestseller Silent Spring in 1962. The book represented a watershed moment, selling more than 500,000 copies in 24 countries as it raised public awareness and concern for living organisms, the environment and the inextricable links between pollution and public health. Senator Gaylord Nelson, the junior senator from Wisconsin, had long been concerned about the deteriorating environment in the United States. Then in January 1969, he and many others witnessed the ravages of a massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. Inspired by the student anti-war movement, Senator Nelson wanted to infuse the energy of student anti-war protests with an emerging public consciousness about air and water pollution. Senator Nelson announced the idea for a teach-in on college campuses to the national media, and persuaded Pete McCloskey, a conservation-minded Republican Congressman, to serve as his co-chair. They recruited Denis Hayes, a young activist, to organize the campus teach-ins and they chose April 22, a weekday falling between Spring Break and Final Exams, to maximize the greatest student participation. Text via the official Earth Day website: www.earthday.org. To learn more about The Climate Reality Project, please visit: www.climaterealityproject.org. To sign up to receive updates about the upcoming Tibet House US | Menla "Third Pole" in-person and online program, please visit: www.menla.org.

Perar Muthal Periyar Vare- Brahmaputra River

The United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released the second part of its sixth assessment report on Monday. Vetted and approved by 270 authors and 195 governments, it tells the world how climate change may spell disaster for humanity. The third and final part of this report is likely to come out in April this year. The first assessment report telling about the effects of climate change was released way back in 1990. The four subsequent reports were published in 1995, 2001, 2007, and 2015. The latest report has for the first time assessed the regional effect of climate change. According to the assessment, several big cities of the world are at risk. The report warned that Mumbai could face flooding due to sea-level rise while Ahmedabad was at risk of facing a serious heatwave. The panel also warned that the ability of humans and that of nature to adapt to climate change was at risk. And they may not be able to adapt anymore if there is further rise in global warming. It noted that over 3.5 billion people or 45% of the global population was living in highly-vulnerable areas now. UN secretary-general António Guterres went on to dub the report as an “atlas of human suffering”. He also said that fossil fuels are “choking humanity”. The report described India as one of the most vulnerable countries. It said that about 35 million people could face annual coastal flooding by 2050. While 45-50 million are at risk by the end of the century.  The IPCC also warned that the damage to Mumbai from the sea-level rise could be up to $162 billion a year by 2050. According to Down to Earth, India's country-level social cost of carbon emission was estimated to be the highest at $86 per tonne of CO2. It means the Indian economy will lose $86 by emitting each additional tonne of CO2. India is followed by the US, where the economic damages would be $48 per tonne of CO2 emission. Saudi Arabia is close behind at $47 per tonne of CO2 emission. The report also flagged that the world will see a rise in vector-borne diseases like dengue and malaria. And it also claimed that climate change will lead to an increase in mental health issues. The first part of this report, which was released in August last year, had said that global average temperature will see 1. 5 degree celsius of warming in next 20 years from the pre-industrial (1850-1900) level. The panel had called it a “code red for humanity”. The panel said that rising sea levels and ground water scarcity will have a direct impact on the Indian agriculture sector. Production of wheat, pulses, coarse and cereal yields could fall almost 9 per by 2050 in the country. In the southern part of the country, maize production could fall by 17% if emissions are high. And these fall in production could cause price spikes in India, threatening food affordability, food security and economic growth, the report went on to say. It is also estimated that both the Ganga and Brahmaputra river basins will witness increased flooding due to climate change. And continued climate change will also cause decline in fisheries. Countries build policy responses to tackle climate change on the basis of finding of IPCC reports. The panel has now clearly said that if the temperature rise soared past the 1.5°C threshold from the pre-industrial times, several changes could be irreversible. The panel has said that the 2°C-target could be disastrous. So the governments world over should ensure that lack of funds and political commitment should not come in the way of keeping the global mercury in check.  

The great mountain ranges of central Asia, including the Himalayas, contain the third-largest deposit of ice and snow in the world, trailing only Antarctica and the Arctic.  The Himalayan range contains about 15,000 glaciers, and is part of a region widely referred to as the Third Pole due to its extraordinary reserves of freshwater. But […]

By Evan Barnard In this episode, which explores climate security and the energy transition in Asia, Evan Barnard, a research fellow at the Center for Climate and Security (CCS), discusses the current state and prescience of climate security risks with Sarang Shidore. Mr. Shidore is the Director of Studies at the Quincy Institute and a Senior Research Fellow at the Council on Strategic Risks (CSR), where he has co-authored multiple CCS reports on South Asia. He is also a Senior Research Analyst at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin. As a South Asia international security expert, Mr. Shidore focuses on geopolitical risk and its intersection with the global energy transition and climate change. This episode examines two recent CCS reports. The first report, Climate Security and the Strategic Energy Pathway in South Asia, includes an overview of regional natural resources, rivalries, and insecurities in Southeast Asia with expert guidance for evaluating climate change and the energy transition in the region. The second report, Melting Mountains, Mountain Tensions, explores the hydrogeopolitics of glacial water access and use among India, China, and Pakistan with an added level of security complexity. Written as part of a joint collaboration with the CSR Converging Risks Lab (CRL) and the Woodwell Climate Research Center, the report is accompanied by an interactive story map. According to Mr. Shidore, the lack of water cooperation in the region is geopolitically and geostrategically consequential. In a region that floods when the riverbanks overflow, more upstream dams are likely to result in more flooding. Also, no river treaty like the Indus Waters Treaty exists for the Brahmaputra River. Mr. Shidore encourages the upstream and downstream parties to conduct “data diplomacy,” sharing adequate data on adequate timescales to rebuild trust between the countries and reduce conflict risk. Sustained cooperation and dialogue may also open the possibility for joint humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HA/DR) operations in the region. Mr. Shidore suggests that we need greater forecasting, investment, and dialogue. Discrepancies in changes in micro-climates in South Asia can be large and challenging to forecast, but decreasing uncertainty in monsoon predictions could change South Asian agricultural livelihoods and potentially save lives. Making communities more resilient to climate change effects improves communities and the populations that live there, thus bolstering climate resilience in the region. Investment in early warning systems would also supplement the region's climate resilience to minimize the effects of sudden events like flooding. In the inevitable cases of friction over the use of the Brahmaputra and Indus Rivers, avenues for dialogue to build trust and confidence can help resolve these conflicts.For further reading, please check out the CCS Climate Security and the Strategic Energy Pathway in South Asia report, the CRL Melting Mountains, Mountain Tensions report, and the CRL Melting Mountains, Mountain Tensions story map.

Tháng 2/2021 sự kiện vỡ sông băng tại Himalaya, 150 người Ấn Độ thiệt mạng đã làm dấy lên trở lại tranh chấp giữa New Delhi và Bắc Kinh chung quanh một dự án Trung Quốc xây đập thủy điện trên sông Yarlung Tsang Po « lớn hơn cả đập Tam Hiệp ». Tranh chấp để làm chủ sông ngòi, khai thác những mạch nước tại biên giới Ấn-Trung càng lúc càng trở nên « nhậy cảm ».   Ấn Độ và Trung Quốc có một đường biên giới chung hơn 3.300 km ở một khu vực với những điều kiện khắc nghiệt với con người. Sông băng và những lớp tuyết trên dãy Himalaya là nguồn cung cấp nước ngọt cho gần một nửa dân số trên địa cầu. Đối với hàng triệu nông dân tại một vùng đất khô cằn ở cả hai phía bên đường biên giới Ấn-Trung, đây là những nguồn cung cấp nước duy nhất. Vận mệnh của hàng triệu dân ở phía đông bắc Ấn Độ và cả một phần Bangladesh tùy thuộc vào các nguồn nước từ con sông Yarlung dài gần 2.900 km bắt nguồn từ sông băng Angsi – Tây Tạng. Khi chảy qua lãnh thổ Ấn Độ, sông Yarlung trở thành dòng Brahmaputra, mạch sống của bang Arunachal Pradesh trước khi nhánh sông này nhập vào với sông Hằng, đổ ra vịnh Bangale.   Chạy đua xây đập  Từ 2009 Trung Quốc đã có dự án xây dựng thêm một đập thủy điện trên dòng sông Yarlung Zahng Po, với « công suất 70 triệu kilowatt/giờ, lớn hơn cả so với đập Tam Hiệp » trên Dương Tử Giang. Ấn Độ thấy trước dự án của Trung Quốc là một mối đe dọa « cả về mặt lương thực, lẫn quân sự ». Trung Quốc đề xuất một dự án xây dựng trong một vùng có nguy cơ động đất cao, rủi ro vỡ đập và sập núi là rất lớn. Nhưng để đáp trả Bắc Kinh, chính quyền New Delhi thông báo cũng xây đập thủy điện trên dòng Brahmaputra để « giảm thiểu tác động dự án Trung Quốc gây ra ». Ấn Độ, Trung Quốc lao vào một cuộc chạy đua xây dựng đập thủy điện mà không quan tâm đến tiếng nói của Bangladesh cửa ngõ đưa con sông này ra vịnh Bangale.  Để hiểu được tranh chấp biên giới Ấn Độ -Trung Quốc hiện tại trên đài RFI Việt ngữ giáo sư địa chính trị Hugo Billard, trường Saint Michel Picpus Paris, đồng tác giả tập bản đồ về những đường biên giới, Atlas des Frontières – NXB Autrement, nhắc lại về sự hình thành của đường biên giới giữa hai cường quốc của châu Á này từ khi các vùng thuộc địa cũ trong Liên minh Ấn Độ của Anh Quốc giành được độc lập năm 1947.   Ấn Độ, Pakistan, Bangladesh mà trước đây được biết đến dưới tên gọi là Đông Pakistan, rồi Miến Điện, Sri Lanka giành được độc lập từ chính quyền Anh năm 1947.  Từ đó đặt ra vấn đề đường biên giới vĩnh viễn từng được vương quốc Anh khoanh vùng với các cường quốc lân cận như là Iran, Nga, Trung Quốc và kể cả với vùng thuộc địa của Pháp là Đông Dương. Làm thế nào để ổn định đường biên giới Ấn –Trung và làm thế nào lằn ranh đó phải được công nhận ?   Cũng giáo sư Hugo Billard nhấn mạnh  đến năm 1951 khu vực biên giới giữa hai quốc gia này mới bắt đầu trở thành một điểm nóng. Khi đó Trung Quốc xâm chiếm Tây Tạng. Đây là một vùng đất rộng lớn bằng một phần ba diện tích Trung Quốc và là một môi trường khá khắc nghiệt với con người. Làm chủ được Tây Tạng, Trung Quốc đương nhiên mở ra đường biên giới 3.380 cây số với Ấn Độ. Cũng chính đường biên giới này đã cho phép Bắc Kinh đòi hỏi chủ quyền tại ba điểm : một là tại Aksai Chin – phía tây bắc Tây Tạng. Điểm tranh chấp thứ nhì là vùng lãnh thổ Sikkim, nằm kẹt giữa Nepal và Bhoutan. Với chỉ khoảng 6.000 dân cư, nhưng Sikkim là nơi đã hai lần Trung -Ấn giao tranh vào những năm 1962 và 1975. Sau cuộc đọ sức cuối cùng này, thì Sikkim đã thuộc về Ấn Độ. Tuy nhiên điểm nóng thứ ba - và cũng là điểm gây nhiều chú ý hơn cả là vùng Arunachal Pradesh ở phía đông. Đây là một vùng đất màu mỡ, năm con sông của bang này đề bắt nguồn từ dãy Himalaya. Bắc Kinh và New Delhi tranh chấp cả về đường biên giới lẫn quyền kiểm soát vùng lãnh thổ này. Hiện tại bang Arunachal Pradesh do Ấn Độ kiểm soát. Giáo sư Hugo Billard tuy nhiên lưu ý tranh chấp biên giới trước hết là một lá bài để cả Bắc Kinh lẫn New Delhi khơi dậy niềm tự hào dân tộc : Hugo Billard : « 3.380 cây số đường biên giới là nơi mà bất kỳ lúc nào cũng có thể xảy ra tranh chấp tùy vào thời điểm, vào bối cảnh chính trị nội bọ của mỗi bên. Thí dụ, tình hình tại Aksai Chin tùy thuộc vào mối quan hệ hữu hảo giữa Ấn Độ với Pakistan, một đồng minh của Bắc Kinh nhưng lại là đối thủ của New Delhi. Sikkim thì đã thuộc hẳn về Ấn Độ. Riêng bang Arunachal Pradesh, đây là nơi thường xuyên xảy ra giao tranh giữa binh sĩ Ấn Độ và Trung Quốc. Từ thập niên 1970, trên thực tế, cả Trung Quốc lẫn Ấn Độ cùng không có lợi ích gì khi khiêu khích đối phương để dẫn tới xung đột, bởi về thực chất, không bên nào có đủ phương tiện hay quyết tâm. Phía Ấn Độ thì rõ ràng là không đủ phương tiện còn đối với Trung Quốc, đường biên giới trên bộ không phải là một ưu tiên. Ưu tiên của Bắc Kinh là biên giới trên biển. Dù vậy cả hai phe cùng thường xuyên khai thác lá bài chủ quyền biên giới để chứng minh với công luận trong nước rằng Trung Quốc cũng như Ấn Độ không nhượng một tấc đất cho đối phương. Mỗi bên đều có nhu cầu chứng tỏ làm chủ tình hình ở các đường biên giới »  Vành đai Trung Quốc   Vẫn trong mắt nhà địa chính trị Hugo Billard, New Delhi có hai cách tiếp cận vấn đề tranh chấp đường biên giới. Về mặt địa lý và chiến lược, Ấn Độ luôn cảm thấy bị Trung Quốc kềm tỏa. Từ những năm 1990 vì những lợi ích kinh tế và chiến lược, Bắc Kinh đã thắt chặt quan hệ với Pakistan, với Miến Điện. Trung Quốc có nhiều lá chủ bài trong tay, lúc thì dùng những dự án xây dựng hệ thống xe lửa, khi thì chiêu dụ đối phương bằng những kế hoạch phát triển hải cảng, mở rộng các tuyến giao thông đường biển, hay những dự án xây dựng cơ sở hạ tầng : xa lộ trường học, bệnh viện …   Hugo Billard : « Ấn Độ có cảm tưởng là bị Trung Quốc bao vây, kềm cặp : Ở phía bắc, đôi bên có đường biên giới chung. Phía tây Ấn Độ là Pakistan, ở phía đông thì có Miến Điện. Cả Islamabad lẫn Naypyidaw đều chịu ảnh hưởng rất lớn của Bắc Kinh. Bước kế tới là Trung Quốc đã đẩy mạnh đầu tư vào Sri Lanka, biến quốc gia này thành tai mắt của Bắc Kinh ở phía nam Ấn Độ để quan sát cả vùng Ấn Độ Dương. Đối với New Delhi, đó là những dấu hiệu cho thấy Trung Quốc tìm cách bao vây, đến mức khiến Ấn Độ ngạt thở »  Tuy nhiên một yếu tố quan trọng khác trong cuộc đọ sức Ấn- Trung, vế chính trị được cả đôi bên chú trọng. Về phía Ấn Độ, từ năm 2014 thủ tướng Narendra Modi lên cầm quyền và ông luôn khai thác lá bài dân tộc chủ nghĩa để kiếm phiếu. Song song với việc ve vãn công luận trong nước chính quyền Modi liên tục mở rộng, nâng cấp đối thoại với các đồng minh. Đứng đầu là Nga, bởi vì New Delhi luôn có một một quan hệ mật thiết về mặt chiến lược. Bên cạnh đó thủ tướng Modi đã đặc biệt chú trọng đến bang giao với Hoa Kỳ, với Pháp, một cường quốc trong vùng Ấn Độ Thái Bình Dương. Úc, Nhật và cả các quốc gia Đông Nam Á cũng càng lúc càng trở thành những đối tác cho phép New Delhi giải tỏa bớt vòng vây của Trung Quốc. Cuộc chiến kiểm soát nguồn nước ngọt Tuy nhiên nhu cầu thoát khỏi gọng kềm Trung Quốc, đối với Ấn Độ, theo như phân tích của giáo sư địa chính trị Hugo Billard chỉ là một trong những yếu tố trong bang giao song phương. Bên cạnh đó một nguyên nhân khác thường xuyên dẫn đến xung đột Ấn – Trung là nhằm kiểm soát các nguồn nước ngọt trong dẫy Himalaya. Giáo sư Hugo Billard, nhấn mạnh đến chìa khóa đang được đặt ở dẫy Himalaya : Hugo Billard : « Dẫy núi có độ cao hơn 8.000 mét này thực ra là một bể nước vô cùng to lớn đối với cả Trung Quốc lẫn Ấn Độ. Tuy nhiên Trung Quốc thì còn có thể trông cậy vào cả vùng cao nguyên Tây Tạng rộng lớn với khá nhiều sông ngòi mà trong đó có những con sông lớn, thành thử, nhu cầu về nước ngọt về phía Trung Quốc không mang tính sống còn. Ngược lại đối với Ấn Độ, phần lớn các con sông bắt nguồn từ những vùng sát cạnh với Trung Quốc. Cho nên trong trường hợp xảy ra giao tranh, nước có thể trở thành một vũ khí để Bắc Kinh bắt chẹt đối phương. New Delhi ý thức được là cần phải làm chủ các nguồn nước ngọt, làm chủ sông ngòi ở khu vực phía bắc này để bảo đảm nhu cầu của một phần lãnh thổ. Ấn Độ cần được bảo đảm rằng, các nguồn nước xuất phát từ Himalaya không thể bị căng thẳng với Trung Quốc tác động ».  Đó là lý do khiến dự án Trung Quốc xây đập ngay tại hạt Medog trên dòng Yarlung là « giọt nước làm tràn ly » trong mắt giới lãnh đạo Ấn Độ. Cũng giáo sư Hugo Billard trường Saint Michel Picpus - Paris nêu bật : ngoài yếu tố mang tính sống còn của con sông này đối với 1,3 triệu dân của bang Arunachal Pradesh, trong tiềm thức của người Ấn Độ giáo, « làm chủ được các mạch sông ngòi còn có ý nghĩa thiêng liêng » và là một biểu tượng cao về « linh hồn của những dòng sông ». Phía Bắc Kinh thì đơn giản xem việc xây một cái đập thứ năm (bên cạnh 4 đập thủy điện đang hoạt động và hai công trình đã được khởi công) trên nhánh sông chính của dòng Yarlung là nhằm « đáp ứng nhu cầu về năng lượng, giảm thiểu mức độ lệ thuộc vào năng lượng hóa thạch ». Trên nhật báo Times of India đầu năm 2021, nhà chính trị học Brahma Chellaney lưu ý : « Tranh giành các nguồn nước ngọt là một yếu tố then chốt giải thích thái độ hung hăng của Trung Quốc » với nước láng giềng phía nam, bởi Bắc Kinh ý thức được về thế thượng phong của mình nhờ có Tây Tạng, thượng nguồn của nhiều dòng sông. Về nguy cơ các đập thủy điện Trung Quốc xây dựng tại một khu vực có rủi ro động đất cao, nhà nghiên cứu này kết luận : mỗi đập nước là một « quả bom nổ chậm đe dọa hàng triệu, hàng chục triệu dân cư ở hạ nguồn ».

The Brahmaputra born as Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet transforms into the Dihang River in Arunachal Pradesh, and later morphs into Luit, Dilao in Assam, is a trans-boundary river flowing through Tibet, India, and Bangladesh - which contributes to the complexity of history, politics and lives in the region.  In this episode of BIC Talks, journalist Tora Agarwala is in conversation with author of  the Braided River, Samrat Choudhury where they talk about the environmental, military and political issues the region faces through Samrat's book which blends travel, memoir and history with the present.

‘The Braided River: A Journey Along the Brahmaputra' is journalist-turned-author and Shillong native Samrat Choudhur's ode to his immediate neighbourhood. While the book pitches itself as travel, memoir and history rolled into one, it is in the latter two that it sparkles most. The book is yet another in a long line of academic scholarship and non-fiction that make a fervent plea against damming up the Northeast, a push triggered primarily by a hydropower race with China and as yet unfounded fears about it diverting Brahmaputra water away from the source channels. Choudhury highlights the short shrift given to green compliances, often in the face of protests by locals, in order to fast-track projects that would cut up the Siang, Lohit and Dibang. In this podcast, the author speaks to us about his experience writing the book. Host: Abdus Salam, The Hindu Want to get more from The Hindu on books? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter here (Newsletter Subscription) Write to us with comments and feedback at socmed4@thehindu.co.in

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In The Braided River, Samrat Choudhury combines travel writing, environmental reportage, political and historical analysis, and memoir as he follows the course of the mighty Brahmaputra. Samrat Choudhury, author of The Braided River; A Journey Along the Brahmaputra talks to Manjula Narayan about all that in this week's Books & Authors podcast.

In The Braided River, Samrat Choudhury combines travel writing, environmental reportage, political and historical analysis, and memoir as he follows the course of the mighty Brahmaputra. Samrat Choudhury, author of The Braided River; A Journey Along the Brahmaputra talks to Manjula Narayan about all that in this week's Books & Authors podcast.

Episode Notes In Assam, India, the grasslands along the river Brahmaputra totally contain tigers, but Rachel is bound and determined to talk about something hiding in the shadows of those tigers: riverine and river-island grasslands and their flagship species the Bengal Florican. Thanks for listening to our weekly exploration of why grasslands are the best biome. We'll see you next week! Primary Sources: Be sure to check out photos and more at our site! Batbayar, N., Bhardwaj, G. S., et al (2017). Averting the extinction of bustards in Asia. Forktail, 33, 1-26. Grassland burning, clearing imperils birds of Brahmaputra's river islands. (2021, February 22). Mongabay India. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://india.mongabay.com/2021/02/grassland-burning-clearing-imperils-birds-of-brahmaputras-river-islands/ Girish Jathar's body of work. Lahiri, S., Pathaw, N. A., & Krishnan, A. (2020). Convergent acoustic community structure in South Asian dry and wet grassland birds. BioRxiv (preprint). doi:10.1101/2020.08.07.241612 Contact Website Facebook Twitter info@grasslandgroupies.org

…have to come from the arc of Asia facing the bullets, because the American century is over… It's possible to be increasingly optimistic about climate change and to recognize that we still have a huge way to go… If you want to see a coral reef other than with your VR goggles, start scuba diving now…Zeke Hausfather: Climate scientist working on temp records, climate and energy system models. Director of Climate and Energy at The Breakthrough Institute Global Warming:We are now at 1.2℃—2.15℉ above preindustrial, with temperature rising at 0.2℃—0.36℉ every decade, with a lot of momentum behind that rise…Key Insights:Brad DeLong: ‘Fifteen years ago solar power was going to be burning switchgrass in a closed carbon cycle…. We thought that Nikola Tesla had won the battle of the systems against Thomas Edison because battery technology is  poisonous, corrosive, and incredibly difficult—as opposed to Tesla winning the battle of the system, simply because he was an absolute amazing genius who could make electrons get up and dance in high-power alternating current in ways that should not have been possible. Now we know better…’Zeke Hausfather: ‘Technology is the sauce: 15 years ago we were talking as if it was this giant trade-off between the economy and and the environment… hat was baked into these climate economics… the entire assumption…. In 2009 solar was $350 a megawatt-hour…. The price of solar has fallen 10 fold. The price of wind has fallen threefold, the price of batteries has fallen tenfold. Do not underestimate the extent to which technology enables…. It's possible to be increasingly optimistic about climate change and to recognize that we still have a huge way to go… even if we have started taking the worst possible outcomes off the table…. We shouldn't give up hope…’Brad DeLong: ‘The American century is over. The United States has broken so many promises over the past four years. No fraction of the Republican party will commit to being “globalist” ever again. Global political leadership will have to come from the arc of Asia from China through to Pakistan—the six great river valleys of Asia plus the monsoon regions with all their subsistence farmers who are in the frontline and will be taking the bullets of damage from global warming as they need the right amount of water at the right time to live, The minds of these Asian governments will be concentrated over the next 60 years. And when they say “bark “,I think the rest of the world will have no choice but to go “ARF!”Noah Smith: ‘Everything's downstream from technology. Technology determines the possibilities of politics, the trade-off functions of economics—all the entire terms of debate. And that technology does not fall from the sky. We live not in Ed Prescott world but Paul Romer world, where technology is something that we choose to make. We do not think enough about purposeful making of technologies that changes the game and our constraints…’Brad DeLong: ‘If you want to see a coral reef other than with your VR goggles, start scuba diving now…’All: ‘HEXAPODIA!…’On the Front Lines & Likely to Take the Bullets:The 2 billion of the global poor who currently live in the six great river valleys plus the monsoon lands of Asia are (a) among those most at risk from global warming, and (b) the object of concern from states—China and India—highly likely to be global superpowers and thus in positions to act come mid-century.Drone strikes on the coal-fired power plants of countries that do not play ball with China and India? They have every incentive to try to keep the monsoons in the right place at the right time with the right amount of water—plus trying to keep enough but not too much and not too irregular water flows through the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Mekong, Yangtze, and Yellow Rivers:References:Kevin Cowtan & al.: Robust Comparison of Climate Models with Observations Using Blended Land-Air & Ocean Sea-Surface Temperatures: ‘Estimates of recent surface temperature evolution fall at the lower end of climate model projections… a systematic bias in model‐observation comparisons arising from differential warming rates between sea-surface temperatures and surface-air temperatures…. A further bias arises from the treatment of temperatures in regions where the sea ice boundary has changed… 38% of the discrepancy in trend… LINK: Lijing Cheng & al.: How Fast Are the Oceans Warming?: ’About 93% of the energy imbalance accumulates in the ocean as increased ocean heat content…. Models reliably project changes in OHC… LINK: Zeke Hausfather & Glen P. Peters: Emissions: The ‘Business as Ssual’ Story Is Misleading: ‘Stop using the worst-case scenario for climate warming as the most likely outcome—more-realistic baselines make for better policy… LINK: S. C. Sherwood & al.: An Assessment of Earth’s Climate Sensitivity Using Multiple Lines of Evidence: ’Earth’s equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S… [via] feedback process understanding, the historical climate record, and the paleoclimate record. An S value lower than 2 K is difficult to reconcile with any…. The amount of cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum provides strong evidence against values of S greater than 4.5 K… LINK: Zeke Hausfather & al: Evaluating the Performance of Past Climate Model Projections: ‘Climate models published over the past five decades were skillful in predicting subsequent GMST changes, with most models examined showing warming consistent with observations, particularly when mismatches between model‐projected and observationally estimated forcings were taken into account… LINK: Noah Smith: Economists Are Out of Touch With Climate Change: ‘Researchers strive for contrarian insights. They should get the science right first… LINK: &, of course:Vernor Vinge: A Fire Upon the Deep (Remember: You can subscribe to this… weblog-like newsletter… here: There’s a free email list. There’s a paid-subscription list with (at the moment, only a few) extras too.) Get full access to Brad DeLong's Grasping Reality at braddelong.substack.com/subscribe

Shilpika Bordoloi is a Movement Artist who works as a performer, choreographer, director and teacher. She is the founder of Brahmaputra Cultural Foundation and runs two performance and community venues: NOI centre and Bhumi Centre in Assam. She also works as a visiting faculty at NSD, NID and other schools of dance, theatre, design and Yoga. In our conversation with her, she talks of her continuing project Katha Yatra which resulted in her performance piece 'Majuli'. She explains that the piece is a physical representation of her feelings of Majuli, the largest river island in the world situated in the Brahmaputra. The conversation is interspersed with her log book excerpts from her visit to the place for the first time as a movement artist. Ranging from indigenous preservation practices to hazards of over-development the conversation though situated in a place ties in different timelines of her life with the river.

In your evening news brief, Report ranks India in top 10 countries where democracy has declined.; Mamata Banerjee says she would be back for the poll campaign in a few days and use a wheelchair if needed; Danish health authorities say they were temporarily suspending the use of AstraZeneca's Covid-19 vaccine and China's Parliament adopts plan to build hydropower project on the Brahmaputra river in Tibet close to the Arunachal Pradesh border. Download the Deccan Herald app for iOS devices here: https://apple.co/30eOFD6 For latest news and updates, log on to www.deccanherald.com Check out our e-paper www.deccanheraldepaper.com

In today's episode we're discussing China's plans to build a major hydropower project on the Brahmaputra river and it's a topic that because of the geopolitical situation between the two countries, assumes a strategic context. Here's the story so far: China has made public a plan to build a dam in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo river before it crosses the border from Tibet into Arunachal Pradesh and flows on to become the Brahmaputra. The project is mentioned in the draft of China's new five-year plan, which is set to be passed in the National People's Congress, the country's ceremonial legislature. While China has one operational hydropower project and three others under development in the upper and middle parts of the river, previous plans for a dam in the lower reaches had failed to be cleared. But the inclusion of this project now in the five year plan suggests that it has got a go ahead and it will mark a new chapter in the hydropower exploitation of the river. What are the details of this project that we know of and what should India's concerns be, if any? Water sharing as we know, is always a politically sensitive issue, even more so when the river in question flows through national boundaries. These are the questions we'll take up in today's episode and I'm joined today by Ananth Krishnan, The Hindu's Beijing Correspondent.

China warns the U.S. over its Taiwan stand --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/sreram-v/support

Char refers to the shifting river islands in the Brahmaputra river, and chapori refers to the constantly eroding riverbank as the Brahmaputra and its tributaries change their course owing to annual flooding. Natural calamities aren't the only threat facing the people of the char-chapori areas, they also live in dread of finding their names excluded from the National Register of Citizens that is being finalized since 2016. In our conversation Poet and Phd Scholar Shalim Hussain we explore what it means to be a Miya Poet who is deeply invested in preserving and reviving the status of the Bengal-origin Assamese Muslims—a people referred to as Miyas in Assam. He takes us through his childhood experiences of living along the river, what inspired him to write his first poem and the philosophical vestiges of the same. We discuss the movement behind Miya poetry and its importance and impact in the current times and end the conversation with what his memories of the river are. The conversation is sprinkled with interesting anecdotes from his life, and his poetry which allows us to take a peak at the workings of his mind more closely.

Autor: Musch- Borowska, Bernd Sendung: Eine Welt Hören bis: 19.01.2038 04:14

Ist der Bitcoin digitales Gold? +++ Staudamm-Projekt am Brahmaputra beunruhigt Chinas Nachbarn

Not a single year goes by when some part of our country is struck by a natural disaster. This year was no different, with floods, cyclones, droughts, and wildfires. Add to that the Covid-19 pandemic.In this episode, the host Snigdha Sharma is joined by Newslaundry's Assam correspondent, Supriti David, to discuss the devastating annual floods in Assam caused by the Brahmaputra river. Supriti covered a stretch of over 1000 kms across the banks of the treacherous river to document the aftermath of the floods. She begins by giving some background on the nature and duration of the floods. On the government's outlook towards the annual floods, Supriti points out: “What the government and the people affected have in common is that they've accepted this for what it is: a natural disaster. They think that because it cannot be prevented, the damage that accompanies it cannot be mitigated, but that's not true.” Supriti recounts how among the villages that she visited, none of the residents had a good word to say about the government response to the annual calamity.The duo also discuss the consequences of the floods in multiple villages across Assam's districts. In case of Borphalang village, Supriti describes how it remains submerged and cut off from the rest of the region for half the year.Supriti's in-depth ground reports, which are a part of the Newslaundry Sena ‘Disastrous Consequences' project can be found here. All this and a lot more as they talk about what made news this week, what didn't, and what shouldn't have. Tune in! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

We are in conversation with Mirza Zulfiqur Rahman. Currently, he is a Visiting Research Associate at the Institute of Chinese Studies (ICS) and holds a PhD in Development Studies from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Guwahati. He specialises on border studies in Northeast India and transboundary water sharing and management issues between China, India, and Bangladesh, and is deeply committed to grassroots based alternative community work and development models. In this episode, Mirza speaks to us about his experience as a researcher on this frontier river, and the associated challenges of this work. He speaks to us about, what he calls, a riparian responsibility of the government as well as citizens who live next to this river to cause minimal harm to the water body. We talk about the catastrophic nature of floods in the region and the role that human intervention has played in it, and finally, his vision for an interdisciplinary future of research on this meandering river. Through this conversation we also uncover, in some ways, the pull of the river and what made Mirza start and continue this work on the Brahmaputra.

Living with the River is an audio podcast through which we want to bring the image of the river with our storytelling and conversations and give a sense of the vastness of the river and the lives of the communities that have settled along its bank. The possibility of nurture and destruction both lie within the river and the people it affects. We seek to provide the means to our audience, who have never seen the Brahmaputra and who live lives far removed from the communities that this river nurtures, to have the means to access these communities, their ways of life, and the meaning attached to this river. The constant presence of the river shapes the sensibilities of the people who interact with it, and very concretely affects their understanding of time and space. Activities and festivals are dependent on and tip toe around the river's own plans. We seek to have conversations with people who have centered their scholarships and work on the Brahmaputra. We seek to find mediums of understanding and explaining the life around the river in a manner and through a medium which is accessible to an audience that is linguistically and physically removed from the region. It also aims to provide people from this region an engaging way of interacting with the river and its many tales.

In Conversation with Mr. Mayuresh Hendre Host: Vanishree Naik We are back after a short break and ensure a great experience ahead. This time we have with us Mr. Mayuresh Hendre who is not only a Naturalist but also an amazing photographer videographer, YouTuber and Nature educator. Watch the podcast to hear this amazing Jack of all tribes in conversation with us. He has some amazing experiences and adventures to share. So tune in your headphones and you will surely be motivated by his journey. If you enjoy the series please hit that like button and subscribe to our channel for more informative topics. Also checkout his channel Way to the Wild https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAM__EIlO7_wqTF2gAz4ObA/featured We would appreciate your humble support on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/naturalistfoundation

Ein Beitrag zum Sanskritwort: Brahmaputra. HIER findest du das Sanskrit Wörterbuch. Sanskrit Seminare findest du hier. Wir bieten dir mithilfe von Online-Seminaren, -Ausbildungen und -Weiterbildungen an, dass du wachsen und dich in Yoga und Meditation weiterbilden kannst. Klicke dafür HIER.

Visit LCA Website: https://lightscameraazadi.in/Arati Kumar-Rao is a National Geographic Explorer, an independent environmental photographer, writer, and artist documenting the slow violence* of ecological degradation. She crisscrosses the South Asian subcontinent following a single-story, across seasons, sometimes over years, to chronicle South Asia's changing landscapes and climate, and its effect on livelihoods and biodiversity. She communicates through photos, long-form narratives, and art, and is working on her first book. She is currently on a National Geographic Explorer grant to document forced human migration.Website: https://www.aratikumarrao.comTwitter: https://twitter.com/AratiKumarRaoInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/aratikumarrao/Some notables organizationsSANDRP (https://sandrp.in/) & India Water Portal (https://www.indiawaterportal.org/) for research on rivers & waterNCF (https://www.ncf-india.org/) for research on conservation and communitiesATREE (http://atree.org/) for research on communities and hydrology and climate changeBooks recommended by Arati1. Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold2. Silent Spring by Rachel Carson3. Edge of the Sea by Rachel Carson4. The Sea Around Us by Rachel Carson5. The Unquiet River by Arupjyoti Saikia about the Brahmaputra 6. Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer Indian environmental news and policy and law thought leaders to follow on twitter:@kanchikohli @nehaa_sinha@mdmadhusudan@jagdishkrishna8@veenas_water @Harininagendra Audio courtesy: https://freesound.org/people/Glaneur%20de%20sons/sounds/24511/ Glaneur de sons [CC BY 3.0] https://freesound.org/people/Astounded/sounds/518585/ Astounded [CC BY 3.0] https://freesound.org/people/InspectorJ/sounds/339324, https://freesound.org/people/InspectorJ/sounds/343763 and https://freesound.org/people/InspectorJ/sounds/417281/ / InspectorJ [CC BY 3.0] https://freesound.org/people/Soundatic/sounds/320671/ Soundatic [CC BY-NC 3.0] https://freesound.org/people/Diegolar/sounds/411771/ Diegolar [CC BY 3.0] https://freesound.org/people/Paper%20Jam/sounds/78395/ Paper Jam / [CC BY 3.0] https://freesound.org/people/jp84/sounds/387616/ jp84 [CC BY-NC 3.0] CC Licences:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/The flow of the show:1)Arati's journey2)Exploring Arati's work and people who are at the centre of it3)How does Arati decide what issues to cover?4)Chronicles of Sundarban5)Sundarban Oil Spill6)Sundarban stories7)Indian State and its relationship with the marginalized 8)Policy manipulation from corporate9)Farraka Barage10)Rainwater harvesting in Thar11)Indira Gandhi Canal12)Our education system13)Media coverage of the environment14)Questions from the audience

In this episode, get to know the ground situation in Assam, a state that is seeing the fury of the flood and the travails of the pandemic, together. Dr. Chiranjeeb Kakoty: 16:05 Download the Deccan Herald app for Android devices here: https://bit.ly/2UgttIO Download the Deccan Herald app for iOS devices here: https://apple.co/30eOFD6 For latest news and updates, log on to www.deccanherald.com Check out our e-paper www.deccanheraldepaper.com To read news on the go, sign up to our Telegram channel t.me/deccanheraldnews

Story tells how Brahmaputra was originated. Later it came to be known as son of lord Brahma. And about its benefits for humanity.

Climate change and geopolitics come together in this episode where we chat about water security, politics and development with Dr. Doug Hill in the department of geography at the University of Otago, in Dunedin, New Zealand.   Many see tensions in Asia as the consequence of geopolitical borders, but as Dr. Bob Huish chats with Dr. Doug Hill, it becomes clear that important waters that traverse borders and disputed territories play an enormous role in shaping International Development in Asia today.   Associate Professor Doug Hill teaches Human Geography, Development Studies and Environmental Management courses in the School of Geography, University of Otago. Most of his research is concerned with South Asia, (including India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan) with broader research interests in Australia and New Zealand. While working at Otago, he has held visiting positions at Universities and Think Tanks in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany and India. For the past decade, he has been involved in research and capacity building activities related to transboundary water issues in South Asia and has published extensively on this subject. One significant aspect of this work has been as a member of the Water Diplomacy Consortium, based in the Hague, which facilitated multi-stakeholder dialogues on managing the Brahmaputra basin with groups from India, Bangladesh, China and Bhutan. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter:  @ProfessorHuish

1. Embankment Works to resume after April 21 in Assam following Coronavirus guidelines - The embankment works to resume after April 21 in Assam. State Water Resources Minister Keshab Mahanta toured Kamrup, Darrang, Biswanath and other districts of the State and instructed departmental officials and contractors to go ahead with the works of vulnerable embankments after April 21. 2. Guwahati to run short of fruits; fruit-laden trucks are not allowed to enter State - The supply of fruits remained restricted as the fruit-laden trucks are not allowed to enter the State in view of the corona outbreak. According to Guwahati city vendors, the stocks of fruits in cold storages will also be exhausted within a few days. 3. Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal talks to Meghalaya CM Conrad K Sangma - In view of the situation created by the outbreak of novel coronavirus across the country and its fallout in the Northeast, State Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal spoke to his Meghalaya counterpart Conrad Sangma on Friday over phone and requested him to ensure hassle-free transportation of the vehicles carrying essential commodities from Guwahati to Barak Valley and vice versa through Meghalaya. 4. ‘Lay emphasis on storage of food grains, essential items' Says Phani Bhusan Choudhury - Food, Civil Supplies and Consumers Forum Minister, Phani Bhusan Choudhury, during a review meeting with the officials of his departments and local traders' association at circuit house here on April 16 had asked officials of his department and district administration to put emphasis on storage of food grains and other essential items to avoid crisis at least for one month in the district. 5. Take action against unauthorized individuals & vendors selling fish: Fishery dept. to DC - Even though the Kamrup (M) district had assured to make arrangement door-to-door sale of local fish in the Greater Guwahati areas, a section of unauthorized persons and vendors are selling fish among consumers by violating new coronavirus protocols and causing health concerns. As such, the State Fishery Department has directed the Kamrup (M) administration to take step against the unauthorised persons and vendors, who are selling fish. 6. NFR transports 408 rakes of freight carrying trains during lockdown period - The Northeast Frontier Railway carried more than 408 freight rakes to and from various parts of the country during the lockdown period from March 23 to April 16 to check scarcity of food essentials in the region. 7. Corona guidelines: Pillion riding banned; only two allowed in one car in Guwahati - The Assam Police has introduced new traffic rules to the guidelines on new coronavirus management under Disaster Management Act 2005, on Friday. The rules include – Ban on pillion riding on two wheelers; In case of private cars, only driver and one person on back seat is allowed and wearing of face masks has been made compulsory. 8. Assam Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal telephones eminent persons of State - Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, on Friday called several eminent personalities from different walks of life of the state belonging to Barak, Brahmaputra, hills and plains. Sonowal while greeting them on the occasion of Rongali Bihu and Assamese New Year talked to them over the prevailing situation in the state. CM Sonowal in his usual demeanour enquired about the health and wellness of the personalities and talked to them.

The Bliss of ‘Brahmaputra’, cleanest river ‘Dawki’, world’s only ‘Root Bridge’, ‘Loktak’ floating Lake, longest bridge ‘Bogibeel’, cleanest village ‘Mawlynnong’; North East is the Ashatalaxmi of India! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/iambuddhafoundation/message

In Episode 47 of the CounterVortex podcast, Bill Weinberg speaks with Punnag Tej Hazarika of the Brooklyn-based small-press imprint Coolgrove and affiliated BorderTalk blog, which explores questions of cultural intersection. Among Coolgrove's recent titles is Winged Horse: 76 Assamese Songs, a collection of translated lyrics by Tej's father, Bhupen Hazarika, the "Bard of Brahmaputra," who campaigned through his music for a dignified place in India for the peoples of Assam and other minority ethnicities. Last year, Tej traveled to New Delhi to receive the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, on behalf of his late father. But the honor came with India -- and especially Assam and the restive Northeast -- on the cusp of exploding into protest over the controversial Citizenship Amendment Act. The politics of the situation, and the dilemmas of interculturality from Assam to New York, are discussed in a wide-ranging interview. Listen on SoundCloud, and support our podcast via Patreon. Music: Xomoyor Agrogoti (Winged Horse of Time) by Bhupen Hazarika Excerpt: Motherland Assam by Cosmic Horizon (contemporary protest song with xenophobic overtones) Production by Chris Rywalt We ask listeners to donate just $1 per episode via Patreon. A total of $30 per episode would cover our costs for engineering and producing. We are currently up to $25. https://www.patreon.com/countervortex New episodes will be produced every two weeks. We need your support.

644 rebels belonging to eight insurgent groups- ULFA (I), NDFB, RNLF, KLO, CPI (Maoist), NSLA, ADF and NLFB- surrendered in Arms Laying Down Ceremony held at the Guwahati Medical College Hospital (GMCH) Auditorium today. Chief Minister of Assam Sarbananda Sonowal, as well as various police officials, present during the event welcomed the move. 177 assorted weapons were collected during the event. The CM welcomed the move and urged the youngsters to integrate back into mainstream society. Among the 22 children – 10 girls and 12 boys – from 12 States who have been selected for the ICCW National Bravery Awards-2019 are Kamal Krishna Das from Assam; Lourembam Yaikhomba Mangang from Manipur; Everbloom K. Nongrum from Meghalaya; Master Lalliansanga, Carolyn Malsawmtluangi and Master Vanlalhriatrenga (all from Mizoram). Braveheart from Assam – 11-year-old boy Kamal Krishna Das in September 2018 jumped into the flooded Brahmaputra river thrice to save his mother, aunt and a stranger. One of the most glamourous cine awards – the Filmfare Awards — will be held in Guwahati on February 15. Tickets ranging from Rs 1,000 to Rs 3 lakh can be availed at Book My Show. Alia Bhatt, Ayushmann Khurrana, Ranveer Singh and Vicky Kaushal will grace the occasion. This is the first time, the grand event will be held outside Mumbai. Amit Shah lead Group of Ministers will monitor disposal of 9,400 enemy properties. The properties will likely fetch Rs 1 lakh crore to exchequer. Three committees will be formed to dispose of immovable enemy properties. Two high-level committees headed by Cabinet Secretary Rajiv Gauba and another by Union Home Secretary Ajay Bhalla will also look into the process. The enemy properties were those left behind by the people who took citizenship of Pakistan and China. Bollywood actress Kangana Ranaut slammed senior lawyer Indira Jaising for urging Asha Devi, Nirbhaya's mother, to follow the example of Sonia Gandhi who had pardoned her husband Rajiv Gandhi's killer Nalini. Ranaut who was promoting her film Panga said, “She should be kept in jail along with the convicts. How can these women pity the convicts? It is these kinds of women who give birth to such monsters.” According to media reports, Ranaut insisted that the convicts should be hanged publicly to set an example. Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China has shut down its public transport system as more cases of infections were reported from the new coronavirus. 17 people have died so far and more than 500 people have been infected. China has advised people against traveling in and out of Wuhan

Gibbons are incredible tree swingers, thanks to their long forearms, mobile joints and wrists that enhance fluid movement. The latest in science, culture, and history from Smithsonian Channel.

Receive free updates of this Daily Vocabulary Podcast on your email. Click here: http://bit.ly/subscribe-for-bm-podcast Today’s word is: noteworthy. The meaning of noteworthy is:  deserving attention or praise due to its importance or excellence, of particular interest, significant in some way In this English vocabulary lesson you will learn how to use the word noteworthy. We are sure that this ESL lesson will help you to enhance your English vocabulary and speak English fluently and confidently. The word noteworthy means worth paying attention to, interesting, remarkable, or significant in some way. For example, the spread of mobile telephony even in remote areas is noteworthy. Listen carefully how we can use the word noteworthy in 8 different situations in 8 different sentences. Example number 1 of 8:  The bridge built across the Brahmaputra river is noteworthy for its massive size. It facilitates a seamless form of connectivity for the North eastern parts of India. Example number 2 of 8: The forests near the equator of the earth are extremely dense. These are noteworthy for the rich variety of plants, animals and birds and provide a fabulous opportunity for the researchers. Example number 3 of 8: The NGO is conspicuous for its work for teenaged criminals. Its efforts to help them find a respectable occupation are noteworthy. Example number 4 of 8: The most noteworthy feature of the resort is that it is located very close to the sea shore. As a result, it is always in demand by the tourists. Example number 5 of 8:  The TX translation software is in demand all over the world. Its noteworthy facilities are translation in eight prominent languages and also an audio feature for pronunciation of the requested word. Example number 6 of 8:  Anil has scored Ten thousand runs so far. What is noteworthy about his game is that most of his runs have been scored on foreign pitches which are more supportive to the fast bowlers. Example number 7 of 8:  M&S has posted a twenty five percent growth in turnover for the third successive year. In its total sales turnover, the most noteworthy component is the export revenue which has grown year after year. Example number 8 of 8: The metropolitan city is a home to millions of people. They have come here from all over the country in search of work. The noteworthy part of this city is that irrespective of religion or cast, every working person gets a chance to earn his livelihood. Today we learnt the word noteworthy which means deserving attention or praise due to its importance or excellence, of particular interest, significant in some way Can you frame 3 sentences with noteworthy and type in the comments box? We are waiting. We are sure this lesson has helped to build your English vocabulary and speak fluent English. You can download the script of this episode and all our episodes from www.bmenglishspeakingradio.in. Stay tuned for new English vocabulary lessons. We are on a mission to train 1 crore Indians in English fluency. This was episode number 168 of 200 BM Vocabulary episodes that we have planned. Kindly note that we will be uploading 1 vocabulary episode daily at 6 am Indian Standard Time. So meet you tomorrow at 6 ‘o’ clock with a new word! Receive free updates of this Daily Vocabulary Podcast on your email. Click here: http://bit.ly/subscribe-for-bm-podcast We, at BM English Speaking Institute train freshers and middle-level managers, to speak English Fluently and Confidently. To know more about BM Advanced English Speaking Course visit: https://www.bmconsultantsindia.com/advanced-English-speaking-course.html

China and India share a 4000km long border, and it’s been a relationship that has had its tense moments. This situation is made all the more complicated by the Brahmaputra river - rivers recognise no borders, and its resources are always in high demand. Guest: Dr Ruth Gamble (David Myers Research Fellow, La Trobe University)

China and India share a 4000km long border, and it’s been a relationship that has had its tense moments. This situation is made all the more complicated by the Brahmaputra river - rivers recognise no borders, and its resources are always in high demand. Guest: Dr Ruth Gamble (David Myers Research Fellow, La Trobe University)

In 1927 Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein created Ol’ Man River to bind their breakthrough Broadway musical Show Boat. Giving it an almighty showstopper. Audiences were carried away as ‘Joe’, the ordinary black labourer, took centre stage to sing of toil and suffering in the land of cotton along the banks of the Mississippi. From the beginning it thrilled with powerful contradictions. A song of black suffering by white artists in Jim Crow America where its mixed cast couldn’t even dine together. Its lyrics were racially charged and contested from the get go and before becoming a song of revolution and protest across three continents. Kern and Hammerstein wrote it specifically with rising superstar Paul Robeson in mind. The son of a slave, the singer of new Negro spirituals and, later, the voice of working class solidarity. But Robeson would not be the first to perform it. That would come a year later in London, beginning a complex personal relationship with the song including his own changes to the lyrics and performances on the front lines of Civil War Spain and Cold War America. Beyond Robeson, the song immediately became a jazz standard. Artists as diverse as Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Sammy Davis Jr, Judy Garland, Rod Stewart, Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin and Dave Brubeck have performed it. Mark Burman navigates the many currents of history flowing through Ol’ Man River from Broadway to the Black Panthers to its last unlikely journey along the banks of the Brahmaputra and a new mass Indian audience that knew little of its original source.

This week, The Musafir Stories speaks to Saakshi, from the blog My Travel Recitals. Sit back and enjoy as Saakshi takes us to an offbeat island that is a unique marvel of nature! Today's destination: Majuli River island, Assam - the biggest river island in the world, it is a tranquil piece of land located in the Brahmaputra river in the south and the Kherkutia Xuti is joined by the Subansiri River in the north! Nearest Airport: Jorhat Nearest Railway Station: Jorhat Prerequisities - n/a Packing - Nothing special! Time of the year - January Length of the itinerary: 2 days Itinerary Highlights: Saakshi headed off to Majuli as a part of a blogger group that toured the island with Koyeli travels. One needs to head to Jorhat, the biggest city from where one can head off to Majuli on a boat or ferry! Enjoy the expansive views of the Brahmaputra river as you head off from the Nemati ghat towards Majuli in just over an hour. Make sure you catch a spot on the top floor of the ferry to enjoy the awesome photo ops along the way! The views of the Brahmaputra slowly give way to tranquil islands, pure with lush green farms and thatched roof houses that takes you back in time. The first stop on the itinerary is the Dakhin Pat Satra. A Satra is essentially a Hindu monastery whose origin dates to around 500 years when a Hindu saint Sri Sankardev settled in Majuli and preached a form of Neo Vaishnavism. Although the satra has a lot of similarities with its Buddhist counterpart in terms of the monks and the hierarchy, they are nothing close in terms of the architecture which is influenced primarily by Assamese culture. The next pit stop is the Samaguri Satra or the mask making Satra - an art form that is unique and popular in this region. Saakshi also has a chance to interact with Mr. Goswami, one of the drivers of the mask making culture who also happens to be a descendant of Sankardev! Later in the day, Saakshi has a chance to experience the bhaona performances to enact Ramayana and other epics making use of the lovely masks prepared in the Satra. Saakshi's satra trail is completed with a visit to the Kamalabari Satra which is popular for the Krishna bhakti bhaona performance by young monks of the Satra. All the dance moves and postures are connected to the maati (ground) and are performed in front of the Bhagvad Gita, the holy book. Saakshi and the group retired for the day at the Dekasang Resort, a model resort based on the traditional Mishing tribe house. The resort is on the banks of the Luit river and one has the opportunity for birding as well as a canoe ride! Saakshi then visits a traditional Mishing family, the prominent tribe in Majuli and has a chance to interact with the locals and experience first hand culture and architecture of their homes! Cap off this wonderful trip by sampling the traditional rice or Porag aapin and the aromatic Mishing rice beer called Apong! Links: Links to Saakshi's blog: https://saakshirajat.com/ Link to the blog post: https://saakshirajat.com/2018/04/04/majuli-island-offbeat-experience/ Link to the accomodation in Majuli: https://www.facebook.com/Deka-Sang-Majuli-464374083739543/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mytravelrecitals/ twitter: @mytravelrecital instagram: @mytravelrecitals Follow The Musafir stories on Twitter: @musafirstories Facebook: @themusafirstories Instagram: @musafirstoriespodcast website: www.themusafirstories.com email: themusafirstories@gmail.com itunes - https://goo.gl/peC2Jv Saavn - https://goo.gl/6qp2mF pocketcasts - https://goo.gl/rGipJb castbox - https://goo.gl/spUCdY audioBoom - http://bit.ly/2oZZowS Overcast - https://goo.gl/fM9Som Stitcher Radio - https://goo.gl/ihL4Gr TuneIn - http://tun.in/pilOI RadioPublic - https://goo.gl/Dy2VPv

The Brahmaputra is a river of great strategic significance to both China and India at many levels, and therefore contentious, especially given that China is the source country for it. Nimmi Kurian is an Associate Professor at CPR with particular expertise in the India-China water dialogue and transborder governance. In this episode of the podcast, Kurian deconstructs the importance of the Brahmaputra for both countries; sheds light on the reasons for the tensions, and suggest ways forward for effective water management. Music: The Jazz Piano - Bensound.com

The Brahmaputra is a river of great strategic significance to both China and India at many levels, and therefore contentious, especially given that China is the source country for it. Nimmi Kurian is an Associate Professor at CPR with particular expertise in the India-China water dialogue and transborder governance. In this episode of the podcast, Kurian deconstructs the importance of the Brahmaputra for both countries; sheds light on the reasons for the tensions, and suggest ways forward for effective water management. Music: The Jazz Piano - Bensound.com

Drought, farmers, poor pricing and bad infrastructure in the world's second-most populous country hinder Prime Minister Narendra Modi's 'Make in India' vision; peer-to-peer lenders try to deal with a downturn; and Donald Trump's economic plan is more pinstripes than blue collar.     See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Discovery this week goes in search of the Gangetic River Dolphin, an extraordinary creature which inhabits the muddy waters of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. Not long ago, the dolphin was a common sight for people along these mighty water ways, but now it's one of the world's rarest freshwater mammals. Andrew Luck-Baker joins Indian biologists studying the dolphins and the threats to them along the stretch of the Brahmaputra in the state of Assam. In a joint project between Aaranyak, an Indian conservation organisation, and the Zoological Society of London, the scientists are also mobilising local communities to protect this special animal and the ecosystem they share with it.

Presentation from the parallel session 'Water: a fault line of international conflict in the 21st century?' of the Water Security, Risk and Society conference. By Dr Robert Wirsing, Georgetown University, USA.

NOTICIAS LUNES 30 DE ABRIL 2012 (Spanish radio Program Directors can download episodes for a small fee) - Mueren 13 personas al estrellarse helicoptero de la fuerza aerea de Colombia. - Ferry Al menos 105 muertos y 100 desaparecidos al naufragar un ferry en India -Sumsung vs. Nokia (Sumsung el mayor fabricante de telefonos moviles) Si eres Director de Programas de estacion de radio y deseas copias puedes solicitarlas aqui. Los episodios pueden ser descargados en formato mp3 que puedes editar a tu gusto. En futuras ediciones daremos mas detalles. Gracias por su paciencia. Continuaremos el programa de Noticias a las 10 a finales de Junio proximo. Eduardo Quezada  

De Quincey asks of Wordsworth: "Can it be I am reminded only of my childhood in these images I dream?" A half-in, half-out life, not exactly human. Ahalya rescued. She and Shimmer walk to the sources of the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. They find the Valley of the Robed Ones, and there a respite for Ahalya.