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Rear Admiral Robert Shumaker and Commander Everett Alvarez Jr. spent a combined sixteen-plus years as prisoners of war in North Vietnam — beaten, isolated, and told their country had forgotten them. On this episode of Rose Unplugged, they sit down to share what really happened behind those prison walls: the tap code they invented to survive solitary confinement, the house Shumaker designed brick by brick in his mind and later built with his own hands, and the faith that carried them through years their captors meant to break them. This is a first-hand account of captivity, brotherhood, and the cost of freedom — straight from two men who paid it.Please Support this Podcast:www.askchapter.org/realhelphttps://www.mypillow.com Promo Code: ROSEhttps://patriotmobile.com/partners/rosewww.americansforprosperity.orgRose's Ministry: www.sheiscalledbyhim.com Subscribe for free newsletters, Devotionals available for download

Last time we spoke about the battle of Hong Kong. On the night of December 18th, six Japanese battalions crossed Hong Kong harbour under cover of darkness and burning oil tanks. The Rajputs fought stubbornly but were overwhelmed by sheer numbers. Maltby fatally underestimated the assault, holding reserves against a frontal attack that never came. The breakthrough sparked a cascade of disasters. Elderly British businessmen and World War I veterans—the Hughsiliers—heroically held the North Point power station for 18 hours, delaying the entire Japanese advance. Private Geoghan, wounded but undeterred, charged a Japanese officer and killed him, incredibly surviving. The battle's focal point became Wongneichong Gap, where Brigadier Lawson died defending his headquarters. Desperate, piecemeal counter-attacks by Canadians and Scots failed amid chaos and poor coordination. Finally, a single Canadian company under Lieutenant Blackwood held the position for four days against overwhelming odds, killing over 200 enemy soldiers before surrendering. The Japanese suffered 800 casualties but seized the island's strategic heart.   #218 The Battle of Hong Kong Part 3: Black Christmas Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. By dawn on December 20, the Japanese Army had consolidated its position across Hong Kong Island. The 1/229th and 2/228th prepared to sweep southeastward from Taitam and Saiwan toward Stanley. The 2/229th and 3/229th, positioned near Stanley Gap, readied themselves to advance toward Repulse Bay. East of Wongneichong Gap, the 1/228th poised for the push toward Deep Water Bay, while the 3/228th, one of the original reserve battalions, had just arrived on the northern shore. On Jardine's Lookout, two fresh battalions—the 1/230th and 2/230th—prepared to advance westward across the gap. The West Brigade, meanwhile, held a fragile, ill-defined line: Z Company of the 1st Middlesex and Rajput survivors at Leighton Hill in the north, the 2 Royal Scots on the northern slopes of Mount Nicholson, and the Winnipeg Grenadiers, minus D Company, still clinging to pillboxes at Wongneichong Gap. The 228th Regiment moved first, tasked with clearing Postbridge House of its remaining defenders. Simultaneously, the 229th dispatched reconnaissance teams past Violet Hill toward the cliffs overlooking Repulse Bay Hotel—that opulent five-star resort now transformed into an impromptu fortress sheltering evacuees, soldiers, and sailors. What awaited was an epic three-day siege. Despite their gains, the Japanese later confessed that British resistance proved far stiffer than anticipated. They spent much of the 20th consolidating positions and bringing up supplies rather than pressing forward. Maltby, determined not to cede the initiative, dispatched a Royal Rifles company and two HKVDC platoons to the hotel with orders to attack the Gap from the south via Violet Hill. They recaptured the garages and outhouses but lacked the artillery support necessary to advance further. Growing anxious, Maltby sent a desperately weak platoon of the 2/14 Punjab—only 25 men—to reinforce them and push along the southern coast. Colonel Kidd, commanding the Punjab regiment, personally led an assault on Shouson Hill to link up with besieged sailors. He was killed in the attempt, and the mixed force of sailors and Punjabis fell back with severe losses. By the 22nd, after pressing forward from Shouson Hill, the Japanese seized Brick Hill and systematically beheaded all survivors. Yet the Japanese conquest contained stubborn pockets that refused to crumble. The HKSRA gunners held one end of Brick Hill. A ragtag force of HKVDC, naval personnel, Canadians, and Middlesex under Major Dewar maintained Little Hong Kong's ammunition store. HMS Cicala, providing artillery support from Deep Water Bay, was struck from the air and scuttled, eventually sinking in the Lamma Channel. Colonel H. B. Rose, the HKVDC commander, assumed control of the West Brigade following Brigadier Lawson's death. He spent much of the 20th preparing an ambitious counter-attack: the 2 Royal Scots and Winnipeg Grenadiers would drive toward the Gap from the west, supported by B Company of the Grenadiers, brought up from Pokfulam on the island's western coast. The operation commenced poorly. B Company arrived late to find that the Royal Scots had already departed Mount Nicholson's eastern slopes for reasons no one could later explain. The Grenadiers attacked alone through pitch darkness and torrential rain, splitting into two groups that circled Mount Nicholson from opposite directions, meeting above the Gap at dawn. Colonel Doi's tactical instinct struck again. Observing the undefended summit of Mount Nicholson—lost through British inattention—he seized the moment. That afternoon, under cover of heavy rain, he ordered the 1/228th in a three-company formation to take the position without opposition. When B Company blundered into the Japanese, a savage close-quarters battle erupted that cost the Grenadiers all their officers, seven NCOs, and 29 men. Overwhelmed, B Company retreated to Mount Nicholson's western slope as Doi prepared to exploit his success and assault Mount Cameron. At dawn on the 21st, Wallis proposed a new coordinated attack on the Gap. Major T. G. MacAuley of the Royal Rifles led a combined force of Canadian and HKVDC troops from Stanley Mount at 0915 hours. Accurate mortar fire from Red Hill met them immediately. Hand-to-hand combat erupted at Bridge Hill and Notting Hill before the force could push toward the Gap via Violet Hill. By 1700 hours, MacAuley and all HKVDC officers were wounded. Wallis ordered withdrawal. That same morning at 1030 hours, the Japanese launched a second amphibious assault, driving toward Victoria City itself and reaching the east side of what is now Victoria Park. The anti-aircraft gun at Watson's factory in Causeway Bay was silenced. The naval yard suffered devastating mortar bombardment; all its guns fell silent. Major C. R. Templer, assigned to command at Repulse Bay, had successfully repulsed numerous probing attacks. When ordered to assault the Gap with two platoons of Canadian infantry and two HKVDC machine-gun sections, he encountered such overwhelming Japanese force that he abandoned the operation and withdrew beyond Middle Ridge. By dawn on the 22nd, the Japanese finally established heavy artillery on Hong Kong Island. Two battalions of the 229th concentrated on Repulse Bay Hotel. The divisional reserves—1/229th and 1/230th—deployed against the East Brigade as it fell back to its last bastion: Stanley Peninsula. Stanley's defenses were organized in three concentric zones. The forward area, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Home, comprised elements of the 1st Middlesex, Royal Rifles companies, and HKVDC troops, supported by a single 2-pounder gun. Stanley village, under Lieutenant Colonel Wilcox, held the second line with artillery pieces and mixed infantry. A final reserve at Stanley Hill and Fort, under Lieutenant Colonel Shaw, contained the last of the artillery and the 1st and 2nd HKVDC batteries. To the west, British forces barely held their positions. The 2/14 Punjab, 1st Middlesex, 4/7 Rajputs, Royal Scots, and Winnipeg Grenadiers stretched along Mount Cameron and the northern heights—a thin, exhausted line facing Japanese battalions concentrated along a kilometer-long front. At noon on the 22nd, Japanese forces attacked Stanley Mound and Sugarloaf, held by B Company of the Royal Rifles augmented with platoons from HQ and D Companies. Despite multiple repulses, ammunition shortages forced the Canadians to retire to the southern slopes. The situation at Repulse Bay Hotel deteriorated daily, yet Major Templer continued to hold against repeated assaults. As Christmas Eve dawned, all defenders faced grim circumstances. The Royal Rifles of Canada, shattered from bearing the brunt of Japanese attacks, withdrew into Stanley Fort—but not before a heated confrontation between Lieutenant Colonel Home and Brigadier Wallis in which the Canadians bitterly accused their comrades of not "pulling their weight." In the evening of december 21st, Lt Colonel Home, now the senior surviving Canadian officer, spoke to Lt Colonel Sutcliffe, learning about the plight of the Winnipeg grenadiers trying to hold the crest of Mount Cameron. Sutcliffe reported that "his battalion was decimated and yet the high command was ordering his men to make counter attacks. So he asked Home if he could not do something to stop what he considered a useless waste of lives." Home took this to heart and began to inform Brigadier Wallis that he wanted to see the Governor. He said to Wallis "his battalion was exhausted; further resistance would only result in the waste of valuable Canadian lives; as senior Canadian officer he felt a grave responsibility" Wallis persuaded Home to wait until morning. Home the next morning was more than ever convinced of the futility of resistance. Its important to note the relationship between senior Canadians and British officers were all but poisoned in Hong Kong, let alone imagine how the Indian or Chinese volunteer forces felt. The Canadians distrusted the British commanders who for the most part got everything wrong in the whole damn operation. Home was threatening a separate Canadian surrender as they had lost confidence in Brigadier Wallis of the east brigade, Maltby and other British staff officers. It seemed to the Canadians they were being sacrificed to ensure the honor of the garrison. As Royal Rifles Major John H price put it  " There were plenty of Canadian officers who had battle experience in the first war who were competent to judge as to the possibility of a successful outcome of the defence of the island. Consider the facts - The Island had been split in two by vastly superior Japanese forces. On the eastern brigade front, which included the Stanley Peninsula, the Royal Rifles and one company of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Force were the only troops who had fought continuously day and night, without rest, since the landing on the 17th and were still carrying all the fighting. By the 21st they had been greatly reduced in fighting strength and by the 23rd to a strength of around 500 all ranks. (It might be interesting to note that when troops in this sector were marched out of Stanley fort as Prisoners of War, they numbered over 2000). It required no great military genius to predict the outcome of the battle once the Japanese had landed on the island with their control of sea and air and great superiority in weapons and men. He felt, I think rightly, that he would be derelict in his duty to his men and to the Canadian Government if he did not communicate his conclusions to the highest authority. Also neither Home nor his officers had any faith in Brig. Wallis' judgement or in his conduct of operations. And who had better right than he had? He and his men were bearing the brunt of the fighting and knew from first hand knowledge the strength and armament of the forces against them. The Higher Command had consistently shown an inability to grasp realities of the situation and to pursue tactics which might have prolonged the struggle but could not have altered the final result."  Stanley's defenses were reorganized into multiple lines. HKVDC companies held scattered positions at Chung Honkok, near the police station, and throughout the village. The 1st Middlesex manned pillboxes with medium machine guns. The second defensive line crossed Stanley Peninsula near St Stephen's College, defended by British, Chinese, and Indian policemen alongside HKVDC troops under Corporal E. C. Drown—all senior officers and NCOs having fallen. The final reserve stretched across St Stephen's Prep School north of the prison, held by Sergeant Murphy's HKVDC section and Captain F. G. Rees's 1st Battery HKVDC. By this stage, prison staff, wardens, and inmates had been pressed into the HKVDC. Among them was "Crumb" Chattey, a former captain of the 1st Middlesex serving a court-martial sentence for homosexual offences under the law of the time. Chattey assumed command of forty jailers and assorted men, including the colony executioner, who mounted a spirited defense. Japanese forces massed on Taitam Road with obvious intent to crush Stanley's remaining defense. Their first assault failed but destroyed two 18-pounders and two 2-pounder guns. Shortly before 2100 hours, a second attack commenced, this time supported by three tankettes. Two were destroyed by 2-pounders, yet No. 2 HKVDC Company was forced back to Stanley village with most of its men lost. Major H. R. Forsyth, the company commander, was recommended for a Victoria Cross for his stubborn defense against overwhelming odds. After midnight, a pillbox manned by C Company of the 1st Middlesex was overrun; Sergeant Sheehan and most of his crew were killed. The HKVDC line fractured. During all of this chaos, at midnight of the the Japanese made it to the field hospital at St Stephens College and this is where our story is going to take one of its darkest turns. In the early hours of Christmas day, the Japanese approached St Stephen's hospital which held approximately 96 wounded soldiers. Doctors and nurses stepped forward to surrender. Two doctors in charge, Lt Dr Colonel Black and his second in command Captain Dr Witney Barred the front door and Black called out 'You can't come in here' 'this is a hospital'. With deliberate aim, one of the Japanese soldiers raised his rifle and shot the doctor through the head.The Japanese mob then surged into the hospital ward, the body of Dr Black was repeatedly bayoneted as he lay at the door. The Japanese proceeded to enter the building and a massacre of unprecedented ferocity took place. The Japanese ripped the bandages off the wounded patients and plunged their bayonets into the amputated arms and legs before finishing them off with a bullet. In half an hour fifty-six wounded soldiers had been massacred while the nursing staff looked on helplessly.  They cut off ears, gouged out eyes, beat and raped the nurses. I want to read to you some testimony made by Sister Miss Amelia Fleming Gordon who witnessed what we now call the St Stephens College Massacre, something probably unknown to many outside Canada or Hong Kong. "Just before dawn there was a terrific howl and shortly afterwards Japanese arrived in large numbers at the front entrance. Captain Scotcher was pulled out and shortly afterwards he instructed me to come out and put my hands above my head. They took my steel helmet and cracked me over the head with it, searched my pockets, took off my red cross band and removed my watch that I had. They shouted for everyone to come out and everyone did except Sgt Parkin, who attempted to run past but was shot dead. We were marched single file into one of the adjacent classrooms, the patients also being brought in. Here we remained for about an hour or two, crowded and huddled together with no room to lie or sit down. Several of our patients between 50 to 60 I imagine were killed during the day. After 2 hours we were marched in single file upstairs and saw dead bodies and blood covering the stairs. We were then put into different classrooms, I went into a small room with four VADS (Mrs smith, Mrs Begg, Mrs Buxton and Mrs Simmons) where there were 5 chinese women. At 4:30m some Japanese soldiers came in and removed Mrs Smith, Begg and Buxton, I never saw them again. One of the Chinese girls told Mrs Simmons they had taken out the 3 women to kill them and would return for us. We were later ordered to bandage wounded Japanese soldiers. They took us to another room overlooking the tennis court, where there were five dead bodies of Red Cross personnel. We were made to sit on these dead bodies. I and Mrs Fideo were taken to other rooms. In my room there were two dead bodies, and I was made to take off all my clothes whilst they removed theirs. Before touching me they apparently became afraid someone was coming and made me put my clothes on again and I was returned to the room where Mrs Simmons and Mrs Andrews-Levinge still were. Mrs Fideo joined us almost immediately in a weeping state and told us she had been raped. We were left in peace for a short time only, 3 soldiers came in and took me in a small adjacent bathroom, knocked me down and all raped me one after the other, and then let me return. Mrs Fideo was then taken and underwent a similar experience. Both Mrs Fideo and I were then taken out a second time and raped as before Mrs Simmons and Mrs Andrews-levigne remained untouched. We were all now desperate and discovering there was a Yale lock on the door we pulled it locking ourselves in. They returned several times during the night but did not force an entrance."   Rifle man Sydney Skelton of "D" company of the Royal Rifles had this to say. ""The Japs stormed the hospital throwing grenades and bayoneting the wounded. I had rolled under a bed and lay as still as I could. A Jap turned me over, kicked me in the face, and tore off my bandages. I didn't move, or make a sound. The guy must have thought I was dead and took off. I heard screams coming from outside, terrible screams I can still hear in my head twenty years later. I saw a Jap coming into the hospital and take men outside at random. One of the wounded they dragged from his bed, cut off his ears, and ripped out his tongue. Then they took him outside and shot him. There was a lull in the din and he heard a British officer shout: "If you can walk or crawl to the door you may be allowed to live."  At this point Skelton tried to crawl to the door: "I was really confused from the anesthetic and I started to crawl, dragging my blanket, towards the door. A guy just ahead of me, a Hong Kong Volunteer, with a clasp knife in his belt, but his hands raised, was bayoneted as soon as he went out the door. The Padre grabbed me and slapped me to my senses. I'm alive today, thanks to him." A Japanese officer entered the hospital, saw Skelton with his wounds bleeding. He tore off Skelton's watch, hit him with the flat side of his sword and ordered him to go upstairs. Though badly wounded, Skelton crawled up the stairs and into a room that would be his prison for the next two days. Skelton spent nearly four years as a captive, first in Hong Kong and later in Japan where he worked as a slave labourer in a coal mine. Somehow, he made it home, where he lived in Scarsboro, Ontario. In a 1961 interview, he said: "Twenty years have passed, but I can never forget Christmas, 1941." On Christmas morning, Brigadier Wallis ordered C Company of the Royal Rifles of Canada to lead a counter-attack retaking the bungalows on Stanley village's ridge. Lieutenant Colonel Home refused. Wallis deployed D Company of the Winnipeg Grenadiers under Major Parker instead. At 1300 hours, the attack went in without artillery support. The 18th Platoon under Sergeant McDonnell penetrated to Stanley village, inflicting heavy casualties in savage hand-to-hand combat, but was eventually driven back to the fort. Of 148 men who attacked, only 44 answered roll call at day's end. Urban defense collapsed in stages. Using mines and a Bofors 40-millimeter gun in an anti-personnel role, the 230th Regiment pushed into Wanchai, held up briefly at the China Fleet Club. At Wanchai Market, an 18-pounder was destroyed. Japanese forces reached the Naval Dockyard's western boundary. The Rajputs fell back west of the racecourse. Mount Parish fell, opening the final approach to Victoria City. Back on December 21st, General Maltby sent a communique to the war office indicated that resistance was almost at an end. According to Sir John Kennedy, the director of Military operations in London "We had to decide whether to order the troops to fight it out or give the Governor permission to surrender as he wished to do... the psychological aspect was of overriding importance, particularly with an Oriental enemy. If we fought to the last round and the last man at Hong Kong, we should gain an indirect military advantage, in that the Japanese would judge our powers of resistance elsewhere by the same standard. Therefore my opinion was that, although it was an unpleasant decision, the garrison should be told to fight it out.". When Prime Minister Churchill was informed he sent a typical churchillian message "there must be no thought of surrender..the enemy must be compelled to expend the utmost life and equipment. There must be vigorous fighting in the inner defenses, and, if need be, from house to house. Every day that you are able to maintain your resistance will help the allied cause". Both the Governor and General had little choice but to agree, on Christmas the governors message was "fight on. Hold fast for king and empire".  By the afternoon it was clear further resistance was futile. At 1530 hours on December 25, Governor Young officially surrendered. A white flag rose over the colony. Young and Major General Maltby crossed Victoria Harbour from Queen's Pier to meet General Sakai at the Peninsula Hotel, renamed "Toa" by its new occupants. It was the first occasion on which a British Crown Colony had surrendered to an invading force. The garrison had held out for 17 days, the day is known in Hong Kong as "black christmas". Lieutenant Colonel R. G. Lamb and Lieutenant J. T. Prior descended from Fortress Headquarters to Stanley to order Brigadier Wallis to lay down arms. Wallis refused without written confirmation. When Major Harland arrived with official orders, Wallis finally capitulated. At 0230 hours on December 26, 1941, he and 2,000 men crossed the lines in surrender. Two days later, on the 28th, the Japanese staged a 2,000-man victory parade led by Lieutenant General Sano on a white horse. While the general paraded, his troops—officially granted three days of "rest and recreation"—embarked on systematic rape and pillage across the fallen colony. Rear-Admiral Chan Chak arrived in Hong Kong in 1938 as an unlikely businessman—General Manager of a stockbroker's firm—but his true role was far more consequential. The one-legged Chinese admiral commanded the Military Mission tasked with coordinating China's war effort with British operations. Working seamlessly with the police special branch and intelligence services, Chan orchestrated a shadow campaign against Japanese sympathizers and traitors, drawing on a network of Nationalist agents, many of whom carried Triad connections. His inner circle included Col. Yee Shiu Kee of Chinese intelligence (posing as an insurance salesman), Lt. Cdr. Henry Hsu as aide-de-camp, and Coxswain Yeung Chuen as bodyguard. As Governor Young prepared to sign the unconditional surrender on Christmas afternoon 1941, Chan received permission to lead an escape attempt. The 2nd MTB Flotilla—vessels MTBs 7, 9, 10, 11 and 27—waited in hiding near Aberdeen Island, but Chan's perilous journey through Victoria's ruins delayed his arrival. Finding the MTBs absent, he boarded HMS Cornflower II instead, only to come under withering machine-gun fire as the launch attempted to reach open water. Abandon ship was called. Chan removed his wooden leg and surrendered his lifebuoy to his non-swimming bodyguard, diving into the chaos with Lt. Cdr. Hsu. Almost immediately, a Japanese bullet tore through Chan's wrist—a crippling wound for a one-armed, one-legged swimmer fighting through hostile fire. The Japanese, sensing they had their quarry, ignited the hillside grass with tracer rounds to drive the men back into the sea. Col. Yee remained aboard the bullet-riddled vessel and was last seen attempting to hide; he would eventually make his way to unoccupied China after several harrowing days. The other escapees scattered across Aberdeen Island in desperation. Hearing the gunfire from their concealment on the far side of the island, the MTBs approached cautiously, rescuing survivors as they went. By 2130 hours on Christmas Day, sixty-eight survivors were racing toward Mirs Bay to rendezvous with Communist guerrillas. There the MTBs were scuttled after valuables were salvaged, and the escape party was welcomed as heroes and guided safely to Huizhou in unoccupied China. This dramatic flight marked the first of many escapes and signaled the beginning of Allied cooperation with the Chinese Communist forces. As British forces withdrew from Kowloon, a new force emerged from the shadows. The Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrillas East River Column (ERC)—a battle-hardened Communist organization founded in 1938—took up the struggle against the Japanese invaders. The ERC had consolidated various local anti-Japanese forces that sprang up after Guangzhou fell to Japan, anchoring itself on two formidable core units: Zeng Sheng's Baoan People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Main Force and Wang Zuorao's East Baoan regiment. By the eve of Hong Kong's invasion, the Third and Fifth Column fielded fifteen hundred fighters—seasoned veterans who had waged three years of resistance across Guangdong Province. Even as the British capitulated, Chinese Hongkongers—farmers and fishermen mostly—took up arms alongside their Communist allies. By year's end, over one hundred ERC members operated clandestinely in Hong Kong. In February 1942, to better organize this growing force, the HKKIB was formally established under Cai Guoliang's command, with Political Commissar Chen Daming answering to Zeng Sheng as overall commander of the ERC. The ERC's first mission was audacious in scope: rescue prominent Chinese and foreign VIPs trapped in Hong Kong. While China burned, the colony had remained a haven for industrialists, politicians, authors and dignitaries fleeing the war—now all vulnerable to Japanese occupation. Between December 1941 and June 1942, the ERC spirited over eight hundred key figures past Japanese lines to safety, while simultaneously escorting more than two thousand overseas Chinese volunteers eager to join the anti-Japanese war effort. The guerrillas also became architects of POW liberation. In March 1942, when British prisoners were forced to labor at Kai Tak Airport, the ERC deployed English-speaking operatives disguised as street vendors to infiltrate the airfield and extract Captain Thompson and four comrades through the rainwater culvert system. Among notable rescues were Lt. Col. Ride of the HKVDC (who would establish the British Army Aid Group), naval officers including Lt. J. W. Hurston of the Royal Navy, artillery officer Lt. G. D. Clagne, Indian soldiers such as Lashkar Singh and Mehnga Singh, and key civilians: the HSBC banker T. J. J. Fenwick, Police Superintendent W. P. Thompson, and foreign nationals—Russians, Danes, Norwegians—who found sanctuary in the unoccupied interior. Most were escorted to safety in China, but two Royal Scots soldiers—Joseph Gallaher and Daniel Hodges—remained with the ERC for six weeks, training guerrilla fighters in the use of British weapons and medium machine guns. These two Scottish soldiers became among the few Westerners to fight alongside Chinese Communist forces, a testament to the bonds forged in shared struggle against the Japanese occupier.   The casualty figures for Hong Kong remain contested. General Maltby's immediate post-war reports claimed 2,123 defenders dead or missing with 1,332 wounded, but these were later deemed inflated. The Chief Signal Officer, imprisoned after the surrender, compiled a more credible tally: 2,721 dead and missing. Modern estimates place military casualties around 1,600, including medical personnel from St John Ambulance. Civilian losses proved far grimmer—estimates suggest approximately 7,000 killed. Japanese records tell a different story. The Defence Agency historical section documented 1,720 Japanese deaths, while the Japanese occupation authority's own newspaper, Hong Kong News, reported 1,966 dead and 6,000 wounded on 29 December 1941. On 20 February 1942, Major-General Isogai Rensuke took office as Governor, commanding occupation forces under Brigadier Okada Umekichi. Three independent infantry regiments and supporting artillery maintained control of the colony. The occupiers' brutality would not escape Allied judgment. Major-General Ito, commander of the division's infantry, faced war crimes convictions. More prominently, Lieutenant-General Sakai, the 38th Army's commander and temporary governor, was tried, convicted, and executed by firing squad in 1946. Major-General Isogai received life imprisonment for war crimes but was released in 1967. Lieutenant-General Tanaka, final Japanese Governor and commander of the 23rd Army, was executed in 1947. Of the senior commanders, only Vice-Admiral Niimi survived the war, living to age 106.  General Maltby endured captivity throughout the East, moving from Hong Kong to Shanghai and Taiwan, finally reaching a camp near the Chinese-Mongolian border before repatriation from Shenyang (Mukden). His tenure received no official recognition despite the stubborn defense he had mounted. Lieutenant-Colonel White of the 2 Royal Scots survived internment but died shortly after returning to Britain, his health shattered by cancer. Governor Young resumed office in late 1946, attributing the colony's rapid loss to insufficient Chinese support for the British war effort. His attempts to introduce representative government alarmed London, which promptly replaced him with Sir Robert Black. Young retired in 1947. Maltby, too, retired from the Army soon afterward, also without honor. Not all were forgotten. Rear-Admiral Chan received an honorary KBE from British Ambassador Sir Horace Seymour. Colonel Yee was granted an honorary CBE, and Lieutenant-Commander Henry Hsu an honorary OBE. Hsu, a gifted athlete, became a member of the International Olympic Committee representing Chinese Taipei. Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart of 1 Middlesex died from illness in 1942. Three HKRNVR men—Petty Officer J. W. Fallace, W. C. Johnstone, and civilian Arthur Evans—escaped from the Lisbon Maru and reached Chongqing (Chunking). Of 1,834 POWs aboard that transport, only 716 returned home. Lieutenant Walda, responsible for brutal treatment of prisoners, died before sentencing; Captain Koyda, the Lisbon Maru's commander, received seven years' imprisonment. The British authorities formally acknowledged the East River Column's role—without its aid, no escapee would have survived the treacherous journey to freedom. When future Prime Minister James Callaghan raised questions in Parliament, the government responded with generous monetary awards, free medical care, and employment opportunities for survivors and their families. Many settled in the United Kingdom; others remained to serve in public and private sectors until Hong Kong's return to China in 1997, when the ERC liaison office became the local branch of the New China News Agency. Zeng Sheng, the ERC commander, rose to become Deputy Chief of Staff of the South China Military Region, then Deputy Provincial Governor and Mayor of Guangzhou. Purged during the Cultural Revolution, he was rehabilitated and became Minister of Communication in 1979. He died in Guangzhou in November 1995. One hundred twenty-eight HKVDC members, forty-nine soldiers of the British Army, and fifty personnel from transport and civil defense units escaped to Free China. The RAF transported them to Assam, then Calcutta, via the British Army Aid Group. The first groups joined the 9th Battalion of the Border Regiment at Fort William; the third and fourth joined the 1st Battalion of the Gloucestershire Regiment. Initially relegated to non-combatant roles, their fortunes changed when Brigadier Michael Calvert—who had served in pre-war Hong Kong commanding the Chinese Sappers—called for volunteers to fight the Japanese in Burma. All stepped forward. After months of intensive training, they were formally enrolled on 14 February 1943 as the Hong Kong Volunteer Company, integrated into Wingate's legendary Chindits, where they would see action deep behind Japanese lines in the jungles of Burma. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me.   During Hong Kong's 1941 Christmas invasion, Japanese forces committed atrocities against wounded soldiers and nurses. After seventeen days of brutal resistance, Governor Young surrendered on December 25th. Rear-Admiral Chan Chak escaped through machine-gun fire, while the East River Column guerrillas conducted daring rescues, extracting over 800 VIPs and 2,000 volunteers to safety in unoccupied China.          

Don Wildman examines the mysterious illness behind a composer's untimely death, investigates a daring wartime rescue of 500 POWs and recalls an out-of-this-world discovery that changed what scientists knew about the universe. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Good, The Bad & The Ugly: It's that day of the week where we look back on the news stories that grabbed our attention for all of the right and wrong reasons. We 'powerflush' the bad away and always wrap with the good news...yes, there's still a lot of good in this world...

The Good, The Bad & The Ugly: It's that day of the week where we look back on the news stories that grabbed our attention for all of the right and wrong reasons. We 'powerflush' the bad away and always wrap with the good news...yes, there's still a lot of good in this world...See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

More than 75 years after the Korean War, its lessons endure—and divisions over isolationism and American power continue to shape the discourse around modern global conflicts. Dane J. Cash, historian and author of The Forgotten Debate: The Korean War and the Roots of America's Ideological Divisions, joins School of War to explain how the left's hawk-dove divide during the Korean War foreshadowed the neoconservative break from the liberal consensus during the 1970s and why the political battles of the early Cold War continue to splinter America today. 2:10 America Before the Korean War 3:08 The Debate Over Containment 4:15 Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism 5:29 Did Acheson Invite the War? 8:23 Why North Korea Attacked 8:55 Conservative Criticism of Truman 11:10 Liberal Divisions Over Korea 13:30 The Roots of Neoconservatism 17:14 Truman's Lonely Middle Ground 19:51 The Right's Foreign Policy Split 22:05 Taft, Eisenhower, and the GOP 22:58 MacArthur's Moment 25:31 China Enters the War 30:37 Herbert Hoover's Foreign Policy Revolt 33:51 Stalemate, POWs, and Ukraine Parallels This episode of School of War is brought to you by Maven Smart System, the builder platform for the American warfighter, fielded across the force and live on the frontline today. Learn more at palantir.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Send us Fan MailBill Robertson is a historian, teacher, and author. His first book -The Undefeated - examines the experiences of Allied POWs in Europe during WW2 - including Bill's own great grandfather.Get Bill's book here: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Undefeated-Untold-Allied-Prisoners-1939-45/dp/1917120575Bill's Substack: https://substack.com/@billrobertson401648Bill's Insta: @whw_highland_icSupport the show

Katrina Kittel Long Journey Home - Book The perilous escapes of Anzac POWs from fascists in wartime Italy Captured at Alamein, used as forced labour on farms in northern Italy, thousands of Australian and New Zealand diggers escaped their captors when Italy signed an armistice in September 1943, including the author's father. Could they make it over the Alps to freedom in Switzerland before winter set in? After her father's death, Katrina Kittel opens his old Globite suitcase and finds tiny photos, postcards in beautiful handwriting from a mysterious Swiss woman, and memorabilia from his war. Katrina Kittel's father Colin Booth was captured during the disastrous July 1942 attempt to take Alamein's Ruin Ridge. He was among 80,000 Allied soldiers sent to camps in northern Italy as prisoners of war. They suffered hunger, illness and cruel punishments for petty offences, and they were used as forced labour on farms. When news arrived of the Italian armistice with the Allies in September 1943, POWs escaped the camps, scattering across the countryside. Col was among those who headed north, aiming for neutral Switzerland. Life in the camps had been challenging, but not nearly as nerve-racking as life on the run, as they dodged German soldiers, Royalist sympathisers and fascist loyalists, while scrounging for food and shelter, trying to reach the navigable mountain passes before winter set in. Kind Italians shared what they could, but for some impoverished mountain villagers, the 4000-lire German bounty for a captured POW was very tempting.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Day 1,629Today, just as Ukraine attacks a naval base, an oil terminal and port infrastructure in the Black Sea, we hear that US Vice President JD Vance asked Kyiv last month to stop drone strikes on oil tankers in the region. Then, we discuss the latest UN briefing about Ukraine's POWs and civilian detainees imprisoned in Russia, and the horrible conditions they are being held in. Finally, our Russia expert James takes us through Syria's evolving stance towards Russia and the economic fallout from the Wildberries strikes.Contributors: Adelie Pojzman-Pontay (Host on Ukraine: The Latest). @Adeliepjz on X.Dominic Nicholls (Host on Ukraine: The Latest). @DomNicholls on X.James Kilner (Russia Analyst). @Jkjourno on X.Producer: Rachel PorterSenior Producer: Lilian FawcettVideo Producer: Sophie O'SullivanSocial Producer: Tom SteedStudio Director: Meghan SearleExecutive Editor: Francis DearnleyCreated by David KnowlesNOW IN FULL VIDEO WITH MAPS & BATTLEFIELD FOOTAGE:Every episode is now available on our YouTube channel shortly after the release of the audio version. You will find it here: https://www.youtube.com/@UkraineTheLatest CONTENT REFERENCED:If you're interested in sponsoring Dom's upcoming defence event, email our colleagues at events@telegraph.co.ukUkraine Stops Reporting Russian Missile Data as Defenses Struggle (Bloomberg)https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-11/ukraine-stops-reporting-russia-missile-data-as-defenses-struggle?srnd=homepage-americasRussian Civilian Deaths Are Growing Rapidly as Ukraine Expands Its Air War (New York Times)https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/11/world/europe/russia-ukraine-civilian-casualties.htmlRussian Turns to India to Gasoline and Ukraine Pummels Refineries (Bloomberg)https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-08-12/russia-turns-to-india-for-gasoline-as-ukraine-pummels-refineriesDom's visit to a prisoner of war camp in Ukraine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZuemttm2OM JD Vance asked Ukraine to halt strikes on tankers using Russian port (Financial Times)https://www.ft.com/content/725b4d15-bd8d-4083-a04e-db016338af2e?shareType=nongift&syn-25a6b1a6=1In Russia, wherever Putin goes, gasoline prices fall (Le Monde)https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2026/08/07/in-russia-wherever-putin-goes-gasoline-prices-fall_6756239_4.htmlBehind the Lines: Innocence No Defense for Young Crimean (CEPA)https://cepa.org/article/behind-the-lines-innocence-no-defense-for-young-crimean/Russians raid homes of Crimean Tatars and take four women to FSB in Simferopol (Ukrainska Pravda)https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2025/10/15/8002814/Crimea: Persecution of Crimean Tatars Intensifies (Human Rights Watch)https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/11/14/crimea-persecution-crimean-tatars-intensifiesCrimean Tatar leader: ‘My people and country need defending' (Hyphen)https://hyphenonline.com/2024/08/27/my-people-and-country-need-defending-nariman-dzhelyal-ukraine-crimea/After four years of war, Ukrainian astronomy is battered but unbroken (Scientific American)https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/war-pushes-ukraines-astronomy-to-the-brink/EMAIL US:Contact the team on ukrainepod@telegraph.co.uk. We continue to read every message, and seek to respond to as many as possible.HIGHLIGHTS: Black Sea naval base in flames after huge Ukrainian drone attackTrump asks Kyiv to limit strikes on oil tankers Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Comprehensive coverage of the day's news with a focus on war and peace; social, environmental and economic justice. Ukraine with cities (image by Lencer)   Russian strikes hit civilians, humanitarian supplies in Ukraine as UN Security council hears about torture of POWs, abuses of civilians in Russian prisons; Lawmakers urge state funding to protect public hospitals from trillion-dollar federal Medicaid cuts; Trump announces massive investments in mining, wants to “make mining great again”; CA congressmembers Schiff, Khanna reintroduce bill on AI use in politics, as  Dem congressional candidate Wiener uses campaign chatbot; Congressional Democrats launch probe into efforts to deport US military members and their families The post Russian strikes hit humanitarian supplies in Ukraine as UN Security council hears about torture of POWs – August 10, 2026 appeared first on KPFA.

Were Italian soldiers really cowards in World War Two? Think again!In this episode of History Rage, host Paul Bavill is joined by author, former journalist, and WWII enthusiast Karen Farrington to challenge the widespread myth of "Italian cowardice" during the Second World War.Together, they dive deep into the overlooked history of Italian soldiers, the harsh realities of the Allied prisoner-of-war camps in Italy, and the incredible, highly dangerous escape network that saved thousands of Allied troops following the September 1943 armistice.Key Takeaways & Historical Myths DebunkedThe Myth of "Italian Cowardice": Karen dismantles the long-standing stereotype that Italian forces simply ran away or lacked courage. She highlights the severe logistical handicaps, poor leadership, obsolete equipment, and disease that crippled Italian troops in North Africa.Bravery on the Eastern Front: Over 200,000 Italians were sent to Stalingrad, fighting in brutal conditions alongside German forces, often receiving recognition for their courage despite inadequate equipment like faulty red devil grenades.The Scale of the Italian POW Network: Italy held roughly 80,000 Allied prisoners of war from across the British Empire. The Italian-run camps were remarkably secure, with almost no successful escapes prior to the 1943 armistice.The "Stay Put" Order & The 1943 Armistice: Following Mussolini's fall, Allied High Command ("Whitehall") issued controversial orders for POWs to stay inside the camps. Despite this, around 50,000 men escaped, with roughly 10,000 staying on the run for extended periods.Italian Civilian Selflessness: Thousands of ordinary, impoverished Italian civilians risked (and lost) their lives, homes, and freedom to feed and shelter Allied escapers from German occupiers.The Role of the Church & Vatican: Figures like Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty organized complex escape lines in Rome, hiding fugitives with support from both local clergy and wealthy citizens.A-Force & Bold Escape Operations: Special Allied units like "A-Force" operated behind enemy lines—sometimes marching down occupied roads in full British battle dress—to recover POWs via beach extractions like Operation Darlington 2.Guest Information & Featured BookGuest: Karen Farrington (Writer, journalist, and WWII author)Book: The Great Italian BreakoutSupport the Podcast: Please use the link in these show notes to buy the book via the History Rage Bookshop: https://uk.bookshop.org/a/10120/9781837733736! Ordering through this link helps support the show with a small commission and supports independent bookshops.Social Links:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/karen.farrington.9237BlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/karenfarrington.bsky.socialRelated Episodes & Further ReadingHistory Rage Ep. 169: James Holland on why Italy was not a soft target.History Rage Ep. 211: Keith Lowe on the liberation of Naples.Organization Highlight: The Monte San Martino Trust (representing the history of escaped POWs in Italy).Support History RageJoin the Patreon: Support the podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/historyrage for £3/month to gain access to live streams, early release ad-free episodes, and more!Apple Podcasts Subscription: Prefer listening on Apple? You can listen completely ad-free for just £3 per month via your Apple Podcasts app.Spread the Word: Enjoyed the show? Leave a review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and tell a friend to hop aboard the rage train! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

“When times get hard and people crumble, it shows you who they are.”Army veteran, public speaker, and author, Mr. Greg Archbold, was headed down a rough path in life until a couple of veterans saw his potential and convinced him to enlist. The desire to improve his life led Greg to a career of more than three decades and from an enlisted medic to a Military Police officer.He treated POWs during Operation Desert Storm, commanded the only US military prison in Europe, and spent nearly a decade in Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC). From driving an ambulance in Georgia to parachute mishaps in Italy and from running his own Troop Medical Clinic to losing weapons in Afghanistan, Greg's story is as incredible as it is inspiring. Plus, rules for card games, beers with General McChrystal, a waiver for everything, and so much more!Over those many years, Greg was constantly reminded, by word and deed, of the importance of good leadership. So much so that, after retirement, he wrote a book about it called Fail, Fight, Finish: Leadership Lessons You Don't Learn in the Classroom. He also is available for speaking engagements and leadership training.In the Free Fire Area, the guys talk about some of their habits that other people might find odd, even freakish perhaps.Theme song by The Mountain via Pixabay.Support the showhttps://tracerburnout.com/

Today Matt & Todd return to the HBO classics of our early days with 1981's Victory (also known as Escape to Victory).Before soccer was a mainstream American pastime, before the FIFA movie, HBO introduced many of us to a strange, earnest, unexpectedly thrilling hybrid: a World War II prison‑camp adventure mashed together with 30 minutes of genuinely great football choreography. The film was released in theaters but did not perform well, and didn't enjoy a wide release. Some sleepy HBO Saturday is probably the first time a lot of us saw this film.Released in the summer of 1981, Victory tells the story of Allied POWs challenged to a football match staged for Nazi propaganda. Despite its star power, Sylvester Stallone is here in full “I can do anything” mode, the film landed softly in the U.S. but resonated strongly in Europe and South America, where the sport and its legends were already cultural monoliths.And that's the secret weapon: Pelé.The Brazilian megastar (and Whit Bissell co‑winner) choreographed the on‑field action, designing plays and sequences executed by real professional players cast as POWs and German guards. The result is a thrilling, authentic stretch of football cinema that still holds up—fast, clever, and caps an unforgettable ending.Victory is also a remake of the 1961 Hungarian film Two Half‑Times in Hell, itself inspired by disputed accounts of real matches played in occupied Ukraine between former Dynamo and Lokomotiv Kiev players and their Nazi overseers. The details vary, but the myth endures: sport as resistance, pride, and survival.Forgotten by many in the U.S., Victory remains a fantastic film worth revisiting, especially now that soccer has finally found its footing here and we're still close to a world cup hangover. Much like the sport itself, you may discover it's actually pretty great.Main Cast: Sylvester Stallone as Captain Robert Hatch Michael Caine as Captain John Colby Whit Bissell Award Winner Pelé as Corporal Luis Fernandez Max von Sydow as Major Karl von Steiner Gary Waldhorn as Hauptmann Rainer Mueller, German coach Tim Pigott-Smith as Major Rose Julian Curry as Wing Commander Shurlock Whit Bissell Award Winner Anton Differing as CommentatorThe PlayersVictory's thrilling footlball moments brought by a long list of international pros listed here (by country of birth):(Argentina)Osvaldo Ardiles (Allied Player)(Belgium)Paul Van Himst (Allied Player)(Brazil)Pelé (Allied Player)(Denmark)Søren Lindsted (Allied Player)(England)Michael Caine (Allied Player)Bobby Moore (Allied Player)Mike Summerbee (Allied Player)Russell Osman (Allied Player)Mike Summerbee (Allied Player) Robin Turner (German Player)Laurence Sivell (German Player)(Hungary)Sándor Egervári (German Player)Ferenc Fülöp (German Player)Imre Boda (German Player)(Ireland)Kevin O'Callaghan(Netherlands)Co Prins (Allied Player)(Norway)Hallvar Thoresen (Allied Player)(Poland)Kazimierz Deyna (Allied Player)(Scotland)John Wark (Allied Player)(USA)Sylvester Stallone (Allied Player)Werner Roth (German Player)_____________Matt has over 100+ lists for movie suggestions on ⁠⁠⁠⁠Letterboxd⁠⁠⁠⁠You can reach out on Bluesky: @MovieMattSirois Terrible movies often find him, even under under the alias Marcus at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Movie Asylum of the Weird, Bad and Wonderful⁠⁠⁠⁠.Follow who we follow at the ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Once Upon a Geek⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TheFade Out Podcast⁠⁠⁠s⁠

In this episode of the Leadership and Learning Podcast, Randy Goruk talks with Carol DeMarco, veteran counselor, author, and creator of "Pearls of Wisdom" (POWs), about how to build a resilient mindset before and during life's toughest moments. Drawing on more than four decades of helping people through conflict, change, and crisis, Carol shares practical, memorable tools leaders can use to bounce back, adapt, and move forward—at work, at home, and on the jobsite. Through real-world scenarios from the construction and building materials industry, Randy and Carol explore how resilient leaders think and act when facing shrinking markets, high turnover, safety hypocrisy, and "mediocre" performance. Carol's POWs give listeners simple language and strategies they can immediately put into practice. Listeners will also discover how to: Understand resilience as a learned mindset, not an inborn trait Separate what they can control from what they can't, especially under pressure Replace automatic negative thoughts with more constructive thinking Use small, practical steps to get out of their comfort zone and build confidence Lead more effectively by ensuring people feel understood and appreciated Handle tough realities like turnover, safety conflicts, and performance issues without reacting emotionally or taking everything personally Start using short, "sticky" POWs to reinforce better choices and strengthen resilience every day Website: https://www.powlistenup.com/ LinkedIn Profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/carol-demarco-34309a375/

Historian and Author Katrina Kittel joined Philip Clark and listeners to Nightlife to a very personal history built around her father's experiences in World War II as a POW in Italy. 

 Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, discusses the capture of three black sailors from the Isaac Smithin 1863, which forced the Confederacy to decide if black men in uniform were POWs or runaway slaves. While white sailors were quickly exchanged, the Confederacy refused to trade black captives, viewing them as participants in a servile insurrection. A smuggled letter from the sailors eventually reached Washington, contributing to the halt of systematic prisoner exchanges by the spring of 1863. This shift compelled both sides to become long-term custodians of captives. (1)1865

Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, describes how Union administrator William Hoffman managed Northern prisons with a focus on extreme cost-savings, even diverting ration funds into camp improvements. Meanwhile, the Lieber Code (General Order 100) was drafted to codify humane treatment for POWs and civilians. However, it included a "military necessity" loophole that allowed commanders to bypass these protections in dire situations. The Confederacy denounced this code as illegal window dressing for the Union's conduct during the ongoing conflict. (4)1865 RICHMOND

SCHEDULE JBS, 7-3-2026.1880 LIMERICKFitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, discusses the capture of three black sailors from the Isaac Smithin 1863, which forced the Confederacy to decide if black men in uniform were POWs or runaway slaves. While white sailors were quickly exchanged, the Confederacy refused to trade black captives, viewing them as participants in a servile insurrection. A smuggled letter from the sailors eventually reached Washington, contributing to the halt of systematic prisoner exchanges by the spring of 1863. This shift compelled both sides to become long-term custodians of captives. (1)Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, explains that prisoner exchanges were based on 18th-century European customs that sought to prevent the execution or enslavement of captured enemies. Armies used a calculus to trade soldiers, such as equating one colonel to twenty privates to ensure equity. When capture numbers were uneven, the parole system allowed surplus soldiers to return home on the condition they not fight until formally exchanged. This formalized process aimed to keep warfare humane and efficient for both sides until political tensions arose. (2)Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, details how Confederate official John Winder, a West Pointerfrom Maryland, supervised the detention of Union prisoners in Richmond. He oversaw the conversion of industrial structures, like the Libby Prison tobacco warehouse, into overcrowded holding pens for Union officers. These facilities lacked basic amenities, including latrines and protection from the elements, leading to rapid physical deterioration for thousands. Winder, often viewed as a military martinet, prioritized bureaucracy over prisoner welfare as the captive population ballooned beyond Richmond's capacity. (3)Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, describes how Union administrator William Hoffman managed Northern prisons with a focus on extreme cost-savings, even diverting ration funds into camp improvements. Meanwhile, the Lieber Code (General Order 100) was drafted to codify humane treatment for POWs and civilians. However, it included a "military necessity" loophole that allowed commanders to bypass these protections in dire situations. The Confederacy denounced this code as illegal window dressing for the Union's conduct during the ongoing conflict. (4)Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, explains that following the Battle of Gettysburg, the breakdown of exchanges necessitated large-scale prisoner concentration. Andersonville was established in remote Georgia to alleviate the burden on Richmond's food supply and reduce guard requirements. Prisoners like N. Burch endured grueling train transports without hygiene or food to reach the stockade. Conversely, the Union created Point Lookout in Maryland as a retaliatory concentration camp, forcing thousands of Confederates to live in inadequate tents on a sand spit. (5)Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, recounts how, following the Battle of the Crater, black Unionsoldiers like Isaac Gaskins faced extreme humiliation and the threat of enslavement. The Confederacy often refused to recognize black men in uniform as soldiers, instead treating them as rebellious property to be returned to owners or used for forced labor. By late 1864, the Confederate military became the South's largest enslaver. Gaskins survived his ordeal in Danville by being used as a laborer, a fate shared by many black captives. (6)Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, describes how Andersonville became a death camp where 35,000 men were crammed into a space with no shelter and polluted water. Commander Henry Wirz oversaw a site where over 100 men died daily from starvation and disease. After the war, Wirz was prosecuted for war crimes, arguing unsuccessfully that he was only following orders from superiors like Winder. His execution set an international precedent for military accountability and helped shape the future Geneva Conventions. (7)Fitzhugh Brundage, author of A Fate Worse Than Hell, reflects on how the remains of prisoners became symbols of uneasy national memory, with many sites like Camp Douglas in Chicago resulting in unmarked mass graves. At Andersonville, nearly 14,000 Union soldiers perished, a death toll exceeding the Union losses at Gettysburg. Thanks to a secret list kept by a prisoner, Clara Barton and others were able to identify 13,000 of the dead. Today, the site is a national cemetery marked by rows of numbered stones, serving as a poignant pilgrimage site. (8)Daniel Rood, author of In the Shadow of the Great House, recounts how, in 1933, agronomist Wofford Camp led the Associated Farmers of California to violently suppress cotton worker strikes in the Central Valley. This conflict represented the "cutting edge" of plantation capitalism, which Rood traces back to 17th-century Barbados. Figures like John Yeamans established the model of using manufacturing technology and enslaved labor to produce high-profit export crops like sugar. This system viewed labor as disposable and sought modern, lower-cost production for global markets. (9)Daniel Rood, author of In the Shadow of the Great House, argues that the modern link between race and slavery was a conscious creation by planters to secure a lifelong, reproductive workforce. Philosopher John Locke codified this in Carolina's founding documents, granting freemen absolute authority over black slaves regardless of their religion. This prevented enslaved people from using Christian conversion as a path to freedom. This "fictional" racial category was reinforced by early slave codes in Virginia to ensure the perpetual growth of plantation profits. (10)Daniel Rood, author of In the Shadow of the Great House, explains that American founders like Thomas Jefferson lived in a state of "incoherence," advocating for liberty while fearing a genocide of white people if slaves were freed. Early Virginia history shows a decline in freedom, as African-born men like Anthony Johnson initially owned land before legal opportunities were narrowed. Nathaniel Bacon's 1676 rebellion further entrenched racial hierarchy by demanding the expulsion of Native Americans to secure more land for an unending supply of enslaved labor. (11)Daniel Rood, author of In the Shadow of the Great House, describes how, during the Siege of Yorktown, Cornwallisprioritized British sugar profits in Jamaica over the lives of thousands of black refugees, pushing them out to starve or face recapture. In contrast, the American "patriots" used human property as a military recruitment tool, offering poor white soldiers land and "one healthy sound negro" for their service. This strategy hardened the link between slavery and freedom for white Americans, ensuring the plantation system's survival long after the Revolution concluded. (12)Daniel Rood, author of In the Shadow of the Great House, explains that enslaved people like Suki provided the essential "intellectual labor" and agricultural expertise required for successful plantations. Despite this, the domestic slave trade treated two million people as speculative property between 1820 and 1860. Charles Dickens famously witnessed the heartbreak of families being separated on trains for the sake of "short-term profits." This human trafficking machine was fueled by planters chasing high-margin crops like cotton while maintaining a delusion of lifelong stability. (13)Daniel Rood, author of In the Shadow of the Great House, recounts how, during the Civil War, General Shermantargeted "great houses" like that of Confederate politician Howell Cobb for destruction to cripple the planter class. Field Order 15 initially provided a path for land reform by settling refugees on abandoned plantations, but the policy was reversed by Andrew Johnson after Lincoln's assassination. Planters regained their property, and formerly enslaved families were evicted and forced into exploitative labor contracts, representing a tragic "lost opportunity" for reconstruction. (14)Daniel Rood, author of In the Shadow of the Great House, traces how the plantation system evolved globally, with Cubabecoming a sugar powerhouse using industrial steam technology after the Haitian Revolution. In modern Brazil, multinational corporations like BP and Cargill run "mammoth sugar farms" using unfree contract labor for ethanol production. Similarly, California's agricultural boom relied on the Bracero program and guest workers who lacked political rights. This modern planter class continues to prioritize investor profits over the stability and rights of their laborers. (15)Daniel Rood, author of In the Shadow of the Great House, reveals that the University of Georgia's Baldwin Hall was built over an unacknowledged burial ground for enslaved people. Although the university initially claimed the remains were European, DNA analysis and archival research proved they were of African descent. This attempt to "re-bury the history" illustrates the ongoing need to escape the shadow of the great house by embracing the truth of the past. Roodargues for an anti-plantation counterculture that values human relationships over "breakneck exploitation." (16)All 16 formatted, John — Fitzhugh Brundage throughout (added to the standing correction log alongside the earlier "Fitz" flag), book titles italicized, single paragraphs, numbered at the tail.

This is an encore presentation from the Veritas Vault. Original date: February 26, 2015.Decorated army officer Major Ed Dames tells the shocking true story of his time as operations and training officer for the Defense Intelligence Agency's top-secret Psychic Intelligence Unit. Together with his PSI Spyteam, Dames used the practice of remote viewing to uncover accurate and verifiable military intelligence by going where no intel operatives on the ground could go -- into the very mind of the enemy. After retiring from the military, he turned his paranormal detective skills to finding missing persons such as millionaire pilot Steve Fossett, whose plane vanished in Nevada, and a young Colorado girl named Christina White, who disappeared seemingly without a trace. He has even located one of the most legendary missing objects in history, the Ark of the Covenant. Cosmic Columbo Major Ed Dames takes us behind the scenes of some of his most mind-bending cases. He reveals true stories and fascinating secrets uncovered by the military's remote viewing teams--from intelligence on Soviet missile sites to the whereabouts of missing POWs in Vietnam to the location of the Ark of the Covenant.This is Part 1. Part 2, and all 886 interviews going back to 2008, are at https://veritas7.com/subscribeveritasplus.php

This is an encore presentation from the Veritas Vault. Original date: February 26, 2015.Decorated army officer Major Ed Dames tells the shocking true story of his time as operations and training officer for the Defense Intelligence Agency's top-secret Psychic Intelligence Unit. Together with his PSI Spyteam, Dames used the practice of remote viewing to uncover accurate and verifiable military intelligence by going where no intel operatives on the ground could go -- into the very mind of the enemy. After retiring from the military, he turned his paranormal detective skills to finding missing persons such as millionaire pilot Steve Fossett, whose plane vanished in Nevada, and a young Colorado girl named Christina White, who disappeared seemingly without a trace. He has even located one of the most legendary missing objects in history, the Ark of the Covenant. Cosmic Columbo Major Ed Dames takes us behind the scenes of some of his most mind-bending cases. He reveals true stories and fascinating secrets uncovered by the military's remote viewing teams--from intelligence on Soviet missile sites to the whereabouts of missing POWs in Vietnam to the location of the Ark of the Covenant.This is a preview. Members hear the full interview and the complete archive at https://veritas7.com/subscribeveritasplus.php

The project began after a wartime suitcase, filled with photographs, postcards and memorabilia, was found. 

Episode 4159 │ Date June 26, 2026 Paine wrote from collapse. Washington drilled in frozen mud. The Son Tay raiders rescued no one — and saved everyone. Nine men. One pattern. Vincit. WHAT THIS EPISODE COVERS  Time to introduce Vincit — BardsFM's new short-form daily series built on a single doctrinal standard: Vincit qui patitur, he conquers who endures. Scott Kesterson walks through nine stories, nine moments where endurance was the only weapon that mattered — Thomas Paine writing Common Sense from personal collapse, Washington drilling a dissolving army in frozen mud at Valley Forge, Lewis and Clark holding an impossible expedition together through sheer refusal to quit, Theodore Roosevelt disappearing into the Dakota Badlands after losing his wife and mother on the same day and coming back, Alvin York wrestling his faith into action and capturing 132 prisoners with squirrel-hunting marksmanship, the First Marine Division holding Henderson Field at Guadalcanal on captured Japanese rice, Patton winning the battle as a ghost before he ever was allowed to return the field, fifty-six Special Forces operators flying into the most defended airspace in history at Son Tay to rescue POWs who weren't there — and saving them anyway — and Robert F. Kennedy Jr. still walking toward something with a damaged voice and a target on his name. One pattern runs through all nine: endurance is not the absence of suffering, it is what suffering forges when you refuse to leave the field. KEY QUESTIONS ADDRESSED What is the doctrine of Vincit qui patitur — and why does the pattern of endurance run identically through a Revolutionary pamphleteer, a frozen Continental Army, a failed POW rescue mission, and a man with a neurological voice condition still walking toward something? What is the difference between news and pattern recognition, between reaction and discernment — and why does Vincit operate at that intersection rather than the breaking news cycle? What did the Son Tay Raiders — who rescued no one — actually accomplish, and why did the POWs in the Hanoi Hilton later testify it was the turning point in their psychological survival? ABOUT BARDSFM BardsFM is a daily independent podcast covering faith, liberty, history, and information warfare. Hosted by Scott Kesterson — combat veteran, documentary filmmaker, and rancher. Over 4,100 episodes and 50 million lifetime downloads. New episodes every weekday. bards.fm This episode was researched and produced under the Sentinel Framework v3 — the analytical methodology built by Scott Kesterson — with AI-assisted research synthesis at a 70/30 human/AI authorship ratio, fully disclosed. All analysis, conclusions, and editorial judgments are those of Scott Kesterson. AFFILIATE LINKS Bards Nation Health Store: www.bardsnationhealth.com MYPillow promo code: BARDS >> Go to https://www.mypillow.com/bards and use the promo code BARDS or... Call 1-800-975-2939.  EMPShield protect your vehicles and home. Promo code BARDS: Click here Treadlite Broadforks...best garden tool EVER. Promo code BARDS26: TreadliteBroadforks.com EnviroKlenz Air Purification, promo code BARDS to save 10%: www.enviroklenz.com Morning Intro Music Provided by Brian Kahanek: www.briankahanek.com Founders Bible 20% discount code: BARDS >>> TheFoundersBible.com Windblown Media 20% Discount with promo code BARDS: windblownmedia.com White Oak Pastures Grassfed Meats, Get $20 off any order $150 or more. Promo Code BARDS: www.whiteoakpastures.com/BARDS Mission Darkness Faraday Bags and RF Shielding. Promo code BARDS: Click here DONATIONS: If you wish to support this podcast directly you can donate here... DONATE: Click here MAILING ADDRESS: Xpedition Cafe, LLC Attn. Scott Kesterson 591 E Central Ave, #740

This week Tayler shares the story of an unsung Female Country Music icon Hazel Smith the Nashville mother hen of Outlaw Country Music. She's a publicist, journalist and a cook book author who shaped the world on country music as we know it! and Men took all the credit!!  Christine shares the Weaponized Incompetence final boss Douglas Hegdahl. The man who was known as "The Incredibly Stupid On" who in a Vietnamese POW prison who ended up saving hundreds POWs by utilizing a popular nursery rhyme and his incredile memory. Spank you for listening. Do less God bless. Gloom & Bloom out!

For more than 80 years, no-one knew what happened to a Soviet prisoner of war who escaped from the Nazis on the Channel Island of Jersey and spent the rest of World War Two hiding from the German occupiers with a local family, the Le Bretons. Known only by his first name, Bokejon, or simply Tom, he was one of about 2,000 Soviet prisoners and forced labourers brought to the island of Jersey to build Nazi fortifications. After liberation, Tom and the other surviving PoWs were sent back to the USSR and the Le Breton family, particularly their daughter Dulcie, always wondered what became of him. That was until BBC teams tracked down his descendants. BBC Russian's Olga Ivshina was one of the journalists who tracked him down. Political violence has been a problem in Kenya for decades now. It is often carried out by gangs of young people, known as 'goons', who are sponsored by politicians to threaten, disrupt and attack rivals. After the general election in 2007 over 1500 people were killed and with another election planned for 2027, there are fears violence could erupt again. Wycliffe Muia of BBC Africa has been looking into these politically sponsored violent gangs and what can be done to stop them.  Traditional fortune telling culture,  known as Saju, is popular in South Korea and has ancient roots. It uses data such as a person's birth year, month, day and hour to determine their future and in South Korea people still sometimes consult it before important life decisions like marriage, or seeking a new job. Now, the practice of Saju is beginning to be combined with AI technology and it's finding a wide audience both online and as a walk-in, more immersive experience. BBC Korean's Yujin Choi went to try it out. The Fifth Floor is at the heart of global storytelling on the BBC World Service, bringing you the best stories from journalists in the BBC's 43 language services. We're here to help you make sense of the stories making headlines around the world; to excite your curiosity and to get to grips with the facts. Recent episodes have investigated Russia's youth armies and how they make soldiers of Ukrainian children; featured the BBC team who were the first journalists to the site of the Nigerian school kidnappings and reflected the effects of internet blackouts in Iran, Uganda and India. If you want to know more about Venezuela's acting president, Delcy Rodriguez, and the legacy of Hugo Chavez; or how Vladimir Putin's network of deep cover spies operates; or why Donald Trump signed an executive order granting white South Africans asylum in the US, we have all those stories and more.This episode of The Documentary comes to you from The Fifth Floor, the show at the heart of global storytelling, with BBC journalists from all around the world. Presented by Faranak Amidi. Produced by Laura Thomas, Caroline Ferguson and Hannah Dean. (Photo: Faranak Amidi. Credit: Tricia Yourkevich)

Day 1,554.Today, as Romania kicks Russian diplomats out of the country following a drone strike last night that has injured civilians in the eastern city of Galati, we ask, why is it so easy for Romania to name the perpetrator of such attacks when others still seek to avoid apportioning blame. We then look at reports Russia is continuing to be hit hard on the southern corridor, including now by drone-landed mines, followed by the second part of Francis's special dispatch from the La Biannale art festival in Venice, today looking at the decision to permit the reopening of the Russian Pavilion and his encounter with Pussy Riot. And we finish with an audio dispatch from me, after my visit to a prisoner of war camp in western Ukraine. Contributors:Dom Nicholls (Host on Ukraine: The Latest). @DomNicholls on X.Francis Dearnley (Host on Ukraine: The Latest). @FrancisDearnley on X.With thanks to the soldiers, artists, and curators at the ‘Still Joy' exhibition in Venice, and to Nadya Tolokonnikova of Pussy Riot.Producer: Rachel PorterSenior Producer: Lilian FawcettVideo Producer: Sophie O'SullivanSocial Producer: Tom SteedStudio Director: Meghan SearleExecutive Editor: Francis DearnleyCreated by David KnowlesAdditional thanks to Tom Steed and Natalia Makohon for dubbing.NOW IN FULL VIDEO WITH MAPS & BATTLEFIELD FOOTAGE:Every episode is now available on our YouTube channel shortly after the release of the audio version. You will find it here: https://www.youtube.com/@UkraineTheLatest CONTENT REFERENCED:Dom's full documentary interviewing POWs:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJwjbWheClk Francis's first dispatch from Venice and La Biennale:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ay2UT-SeKDI Learn more about ‘Resistance Imprisoned':https://www.ritschfisch.com/exhibition/resistance-imprisoned/ Learn more about the PinchukArtCentre's exhibition ‘Still Joy' (running until 1st August):https://pinchukartcentre.org/en/exhibitions/still-joy-from-ukraine-into-the-world-biennale-arte-2026 Russian drone hits Romanian apartment block in ‘grave escalation' (The Telegraph):https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/05/29/russia-ukraine-war-drone-strikes-romanian-apartment-nato/ EMAIL US:Contact the team on ukrainepod@telegraph.co.uk . We continue to read every message, and seek to respond to as many on air and in our newsletter as possible.HIGHLIGHTS:Putin strikes NATO: Romania hit in 'major escalation'Dom Nicholls interviews ‘brainwashed' Russian PoWs Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

During World War II, more than 6,000 German and Italian prisoners of war were held in Michigan. They cut pulpwood in the Upper Peninsula, worked in fruit orchards, harvested crops, and helped fill wartime labor shortages.This episode follows the final days of German POWs at Fort Custer and Camp Evelyn, using 1945–46 newspaper clippings and historical records to tell the story of enemy soldiers who came to Michigan as prisoners — and, in some cases, hoped to return one day as free men.The End of the Road in Michigan is a production of Thumbwind Publications

This week we talk about water bottles, TENS units, Real Housewives, riceberry, pop icons, and ketamine therapy.Support us on Patreon to keep the podcast going, view more detailed show notes, and to gain access to exclusive content at: http://www.patreon.com/theshowsamandjoeThings we talked about:RiceberryFavorite things:Chirp Halo Wireless Muscle StimulatorOwala FreeSip Steel Water Bottle Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The subject today comes out of the Crimean war (1853-1856).I talked to Professor Donald Rayfield, Emeritus Professor of Russian and Georgian history at Queen Mary University of London, about the war itself and in particular what happened to those taken prisoner.  Surprisingly life could be pretty good!

Bill Richardson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and enlisted in the Army in 1945.  He deployed to Korea when war broke out in 1950 and fought northward up the length of the Korean peninsula as part of the Army's 1st Cavalry Division.  On November 5th, 1950, Richardson was captured by the Chinese during the Battle of Unsan.  He spent roughly the next three years enduring brutal captivity.  So brutal 38% of American prisoners died.  Somehow Richardson survived with his spirit unbroken.  After being freed and returning to the United States, he served the rest of his 40 years in Army service.  He tells the story in “Valleys of Death.”

The Peter Boyles Show - May 9, 2026 Hour 2: Hour 2 turns into a long-form conversation between Peter Boyles, retired Major General Tru Eyre, and former Vietnam POW Orson Swindle. Swindle walks through flying combat missions in Vietnam, being shot down near the end of his tour, and spending nearly seven years inside North Vietnamese prison camps, including the Hanoi Hilton. The hour mixes war stories, fighter pilot culture, POW survival tactics, and reflections on the men he served alongside. Swindle also talks about communicating through tap codes, surviving torture, meeting figures like Henry Kissinger and Ronald Reagan after returning home, and the lasting bond between POWs. Boyles mostly lets the stories breathe, giving the whole hour the feel of sitting at the table listening to veterans swap unforgettable memories.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Peter Boyles Show - May 9, 2026 Hour 3: In this hour, the conversation continues with Orson Swindle and retired Major General Tru Eyre as the stories shift from surviving captivity to finally coming home. Swindle shares memories of returning from Vietnam after years as a POW, reconnecting with family, and the strange adjustment back to American life after living inside prison camps for nearly seven years. A big part of the hour centers on John McCain — what he was like as a fellow prisoner, the bond between POWs, and how those experiences shaped the rest of their lives. The hour has a more reflective tone than Hour 2, mixing humor, hard memories, and stories about friendship, survival, and what happened after the war finally ended.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A horrible death/Was God, Jesus, and the Bible made up by aliens? Fan Art by Smasher25   Patreon (Get ad-free episodes, Patreon Discord Access, and more!) https://www.patreon.com/user?u=18482113 PayPal Donation Link https://tinyurl.com/mrxe36ph MERCH STORE!!! https://tinyurl.com/y8zam4o2 Amazon Wish List https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ls/28CIOGSFRUXAD?ref_=wl_share Dead Rabbit Radio Archive Episodes https://deadrabbitradio.blogspot.com/2025/07/ episode-archive.html https://archive.ph/UELip Dead Rabbit Radio Recommends Master List https://letterboxd.com/dead_rabbit/list/dead-rabbit-radio-recommends/   Help Promote Dead Rabbit! Dual Flyer https://i.imgur.com/OhuoI2v.jpg "As Above" Flyer https://i.imgur.com/yobMtUp.jpg "Alien Flyer" By TVP VT U https://imgur.com/gallery/aPN1Fnw "QR Code Flyer" by Finn https://imgur.com/a/aYYUMAh Links: EP 715 - The Collins Elite: Freedom Fighters Or Soul Stealers? https://deadrabbitradio.libsyn.com/ep-715-the-collins-elite-freedom-fighters-or-soul-stealers Dead Rabbit Radio Recommends: BLACK WATER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeDj53wK1G8 Religulous https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0815241/ Tortured with razor-sharp bamboo and fed alive to ants: The story behind one PoW's incredible escape from Vietnam https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-496091/Tortured-razor-sharp-bamboo-fed-alive-ants-The-story-PoWs-incredible-escape-Vietnam.html Dieter Dengler https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Dengler Crocodile swallows hotel manager in South Africa, police find human remains and shoes in his stomach https://www.gazetaexpress.com/en/Crocodile-swallows-hotel-manager-in-South-Africa--police-find-human-remains-and-shoes-in-his-stomach/ Hotel boss eaten by crocodile is identified after hero cop is lowered into predator-infested river to grab the killer… before victim's remains and SIX pairs of shoes are cut out of its stomach https://www.dailymail.com/news/article-15791025/Hotel-boss-eaten-crocodile-identified-hero-cop-lowered-predator-infested-river-grab-killer-victims-remains-SIX-pairs-shoes-cut-stomach.html Authorities catch 500lb alligator believed to have eaten Louisiana man https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/15/louisiana-alligator-caught-death-man Pastor Issues Apology Over Aliens Inventing Christianity Comments https://www.newsweek.com/pastor-meeting-told-aliens-invented-christianity-eric-burlison-hits-back-larry-ragland-perry-stone-11917635?utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Instagram#Echobox=1778083995 Pastor Larry Ragland apologizes after GOP congressman disputes UFO briefing claims: 'I want to own it' https://www.christianpost.com/news/larry-ragland-apologizes-after-congressman-disputes-ufo-briefing.html A Republican lawmaker has hit back at a pastor who claimed he was told in a secret meeting with other U.S. government officials that aliens had invented Christianity. https://www.instagram.com/p/DYAXUhiiuiJ/ Larry Ragland https://www.youtube.com/@LarryRagland Trump's 'alien files' could shatter Christian beliefs, churches should prepare for it, claim pastors https://www.firstpost.com/world/trump-alien-files-disclosure-christianity-creation-churches-ufo-spaceship-pastors-warning-ws-e-14008056.html Perry Stone says alleged future UFO disclosures could become a major crisis of faith for many Christians. https://www.facebook.com/FollowJesus153/posts/perry-stone-says-alleged-future-ufo-disclosures-could-become-a-major-crisis-of-f/1403472125151801/ A small group of U.S. evangelical leaders, including evangelist Perry Stone and others cited in reporting, claim they were privately briefed by individuals connected to U.S. intelligence about upcoming releases tied to unidentified aerial phenomena and possible non-human life. https://www.instagram.com/p/DYAK9F9jn5Y/ Religion in the United States https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States Uvalde school shooting https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvalde_school_shooting   ------------------------------------------------ Logo Art By Ash Black Opening Song: "Atlantis Attacks" Closing Song: "Bella Royale" Music By Simple Rabbitron 3000 created by Eerbud Thanks to Chris K, Founder Of The Golden Rabbit Brigade Dead Rabbit Archivist Some Weirdo On Twitter AKA Jack YouTube Champ: Stewart Meatball Reddit Champ: TheLast747 The Haunted Mic Arm provided by Chyme Chili Discord Mods: Mason Forever Fluffle: Cantillions, Samson, Gregory Gilbertson, Jenny the Cat http://www.DeadRabbit.com Email: DeadRabbitRadio@gmail.com Facebook: www.Facebook.com/DeadRabbitRadio TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@deadrabbitradio Dead Rabbit Radio Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/DeadRabbitRadio/ Paranormal News Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/ParanormalNews/ Mailing Address Jason Carpenter PO Box 1363 Hood River, OR 97031 Paranormal, Conspiracy, and True Crime news as it happens! Jason Carpenter breaks the stories they'll be talking about tomorrow, assuming the world doesn't end today. All Contents Of This Podcast Copyright Jason Carpenter 2018 - 2026  

Send us Fan Mail Episode 107 of 'The Open Forum' where Religious or Non-Religious are invited to join the discussion. Guests will be invited on a first come first serve basis. Please note we can only have a maximum of 10 panelists (including efdawah panelists) at any one time.Link to join the panel: TEARS OF GAZA Donation Link: https://givebrite.com/gazacrisis© 2026 EFDawah All Rights ReservedDonate to Ijaz's medical expenses: https://buymeacoffee.com/ijazthetriniWebsite : https://efdawah.com/https://www.patreon.com/EFDawahhttps://gofund.me/7cb27d17https://www.paypal.me/EFDawahhttps://www.facebook.com/efdawah/Timestamps:00:11 - Introduction: Format of the Stream01:00 - Confutation of the Ahmaddiya arguments06:12 - Reviewing the claims of Ex-Muslims 09:45 - Rebutting the arguments of Ex-Muslims 11:41 - Teestry (Christian) joins13:13 - Securalization of Religions today14:49 - Exploring the Islamic Golden Age 16:22 - Discussing science & abrahamic religions26:43 - Discourse on Scientism & Religions today29:20 - Programming Scientism through Education32:50 - Debate on adoption & spread of secularism 46:45 - Comparing Islamic vs Christian Empires51:31 - Refutation of the claim of forced conversions58:12 - Exploring the History of Spread of Islam1:04:01 - Islamic view of the glory & fall of empires1:07:28 - Explanation of Ruling on PoWs in Islam1:10:31 - Examining Teestry's christian arguments1:14:31 - No Forgiveness in Christianity 1:23:33 - Discussion on Bias in Academics1:29:23 - Problems with the Christian Theology1:39:47 - Exposing the Lies of Ex-Muslims1:40:41 - Br. Sarmad joins1:41:23 - Refuting claims about apostasy in Islam1:47:56 - Debunking the arguments of Ex-Muslims 1:53:30 - Revealing the Truth of Evolution vs Islam1:59:15 - Analysis of the Complexity of a Cell2:02:07 - Examining the Mentality of Atheists 2:04:31 - Dismantling the Age of Aisha ؓ argument2:11:45 - Disproving the claims of Ex-Muslims2:16:42 - Issues with the beliefs of Atheists2:20:43 - Uplift (Ex-Muslim) joins: shares his beliefs2:22:39 - Evaluation of Uplift's life experience 2:24:47 - Discussion on the Existence of God 2:27:45 - Uplift shares his struggles & views2:30:29 - Identifying the propaganda against religion2:32:05 - Advice for resolving trauma & doubts2:35:47 - Approach for dealing with faith struggles2:42:02 - Message to Muslims: Building One's Iman2:51:29 - Reminder to Muslims: Fortifying one's faith3:05:59 - Closing Remarks & Wrapping Up Support the show

The 1981 film Escape To Victory is a World War Two tale of a football match in a prisoner of war camp in Nazi Germany starring Sylvester Stallone, Michael Caine and Max von Sydow. The climax of the movie is the match between the POWs and the Germans. In the prisoners' team against the Nazis, Caine and Stallone play alongside actual footballers including Bobby Moore, the legendary Pele and former England and Ipswich Town player Russell Osman.He tells Maggie Ayre what it was like filming with both Hollywood and footballing greats.Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive and testimony. Sporting Witness is for those fascinated by sporting history. We take you to the events that have shaped the sports world through the eyes of the people who were there. For nine minutes, you become a fan in the stands as we take you back in time to examine memorable victories and agonising defeats from all over the world. You'll hear from people who have achieved sporting immortality, or those who were there as incredible sporting moments unfolded.Recent episodes explore the forgotten football Women's World Cup, the plasterer who fought a boxing legend, international football's biggest ever beating and the man who swam the Amazon river. We look at the lives of some of the most famous F1 drivers, tennis players and athletes as well as people who've had ground-breaking impact in their chosen sporting field, including: the most decorated Paralympian, the woman who was the number 1 squash player in the world for nine years, and the first figure skater to wear a hijab. You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, such as the tennis player who escaped the Nazis, how a man finally beat a horse in a race, and how the FIFA computer game was created.(Photo: The cast of Escape to Victory. Credit: MGM/Alamy)

One of the riskiest air raids of World War II occurred on August 1, 1943, over the oil fields at Ploesti, Romania--Nazi Germany's primary fuel source. The Allies believed that the destruction of Hitler's oil refineries would shorten the war. Using an untested strategy, it was worth the gamble, but the mission did not go according to plan--with 53 aircraft and 532 crewmen lost, it was the costliest US air raid of the war. A true story, The Navigator's Letter is a tale of uncanny coincidences: two friends from the same small Illinois town; both joined the Air Corps; both became navigators; both were assigned to B-24 Liberators; both flew missions over Europe; both of their planes were forced down over Ploesti; and both went missing-in-action. Intertwined with events of WWII, the story follows the two B-24 navigators coursing through wartime, both with ties to the same woman. Their lives unfurl with the Air Force's darkest day, Operation Tidal Wave. It was the first-ever zero-altitude air raid followed by multiple high-altitude raids culminating in Operation Reunion, the largest evacuation by air in history with the Tuskegee Airmen of the 332nd Fighter Group flying escort repatriating 1,162 POWs from Romania back to American air bases in Italy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

One of the riskiest air raids of World War II occurred on August 1, 1943, over the oil fields at Ploesti, Romania--Nazi Germany's primary fuel source. The Allies believed that the destruction of Hitler's oil refineries would shorten the war. Using an untested strategy, it was worth the gamble, but the mission did not go according to plan--with 53 aircraft and 532 crewmen lost, it was the costliest US air raid of the war. A true story, The Navigator's Letter is a tale of uncanny coincidences: two friends from the same small Illinois town; both joined the Air Corps; both became navigators; both were assigned to B-24 Liberators; both flew missions over Europe; both of their planes were forced down over Ploesti; and both went missing-in-action. Intertwined with events of WWII, the story follows the two B-24 navigators coursing through wartime, both with ties to the same woman. Their lives unfurl with the Air Force's darkest day, Operation Tidal Wave. It was the first-ever zero-altitude air raid followed by multiple high-altitude raids culminating in Operation Reunion, the largest evacuation by air in history with the Tuskegee Airmen of the 332nd Fighter Group flying escort repatriating 1,162 POWs from Romania back to American air bases in Italy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

One of the riskiest air raids of World War II occurred on August 1, 1943, over the oil fields at Ploesti, Romania--Nazi Germany's primary fuel source. The Allies believed that the destruction of Hitler's oil refineries would shorten the war. Using an untested strategy, it was worth the gamble, but the mission did not go according to plan--with 53 aircraft and 532 crewmen lost, it was the costliest US air raid of the war. A true story, The Navigator's Letter is a tale of uncanny coincidences: two friends from the same small Illinois town; both joined the Air Corps; both became navigators; both were assigned to B-24 Liberators; both flew missions over Europe; both of their planes were forced down over Ploesti; and both went missing-in-action. Intertwined with events of WWII, the story follows the two B-24 navigators coursing through wartime, both with ties to the same woman. Their lives unfurl with the Air Force's darkest day, Operation Tidal Wave. It was the first-ever zero-altitude air raid followed by multiple high-altitude raids culminating in Operation Reunion, the largest evacuation by air in history with the Tuskegee Airmen of the 332nd Fighter Group flying escort repatriating 1,162 POWs from Romania back to American air bases in Italy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/military-history

Hell Ships is the name given to prisoner of war transport ships used by the Empire of Japan during World War 2. These ships were truly nightmarish. Thousands of POWs were crammed shoulder to shoulder in the holds of these ships, in brutal heat, unsanitary conditions, with rancid water, limited food, and no room to lie down. These ships were also unmarked, and were often targeted by Allied planes, ships, and submarines. Rich and guest Jenny Chan discuss Hell Ships and other atrocities during the war in the Pacific. Rich is joined by Jenny Chan, who is the co-founder of Pacific Atrocities Education. Learn more at pacificatrocities.org. This episode was written, edited, and produced by Rich Napolitano. Original theme music is by ⁠Sean Sigfried⁠. Please leave a rating and review on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Podchaser, or wherever you listen to podcasts. Shipwrecks and Sea Dogs merchandise is available at shop.shipwrecksandseadogs.com. Shipwrecks and Sea Dogs is a maritime history podcast about shipwrecks, tragic loss, and incredible accomplishments on the world's oceans and waterways. Follow Shipwrecks and Sea Dogs ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Subscribe on YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow on BlueSky⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow on Threads⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow on Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Follow on Facebook⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Had the honor of sitting down with my friend, Iraq War Veteran and former POW Jessica Lynch, to talk about the importance of National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day. We dove into the history, what this day truly means, and how it's impacted her and other POWs. Perspective like that changes you. We also mixed in some good conversation on turkey and elk hunting because that's how real conversations go. Jessica is a wealth of knowledge, and every time we talk, I walk away better.

JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW SCHEDULE, FRIDAY 4-3-20261969 APJOHN BATCHELOR SHOW SCHEDULE, FRIDAY 4-3-20261969 APOLLO 101. LAS VEGAS TOURISM AND PRODUCTION HURDLES GUEST: Jeff Bliss Jeff Bliss discusses Las Vegas's rise as a spring break destination and the "creative destruction" of historic hotels,. He also explores how bureaucratic fees and safety concerns impact film production for the *Baywatch* reboot. (1)2. CALIFORNIA'S PRIMARY AND NATIONAL POLITICS GUEST: Jeff Bliss Jeff Bliss explains how California's "jungle primary" splits the Democratic vote, aiding Republican candidates like Steve Hilton. Meanwhile, Governor Gavin Newsom remains focused on a potential presidential run rather than local legislative issues. (2)3. THE EVOLUTION OF BIRTHRIGHT CITIZENSHIP LAW GUEST: Richard Epstein Richard Epstein analyzes the 14th Amendment and early naturalization acts, emphasizing that citizenship originally required renouncing foreign allegiances. He argues that using "domicile" as a legal standard distorts the original intent of statutes. (3)4. POLITICAL SHIFTS AND THE EPSTEIN FILES GUEST: Richard Epstein Richard Epstein discusses the resignation of Pam Bondi and the political threat posed by the Jeffrey Epstein files. These documents create risks through "guilt by association" for various high-profile figures, including Donald Trump. (4)5. LANCASTER COUNTY ECONOMY AND EASTER TRADITIONS GUEST: Jim McTague Jim McTague reports sharp gas price increases in Lancaster County, affecting household budgets. He also highlights local Easter traditions, including church-made peanut butter chocolate eggs, and the start of the trout fishing season. (5)6. ITALIAN FOOTBALL REFORM AND EASTER RECIPES GUEST: Lorenzo Fiori Lorenzo Fiori addresses the Italian national team's failure to qualify for the World Cup and calls for systemic reform. He also recommends visiting Cuneo and shares a traditional recipe for chard-stuffed Easter cake. (6)7. ARTEMIS MISSIONS AND CORPORATE SPACE RIVALRY GUEST: Bob Zimmerman Bob Zimmerman critiques the Artemis 2 mission design and high SLS rocket costs. He also discusses the "lawfare" between SpaceX and Amazon regarding satellite orbits and SpaceX's potential move toward an initial public offering. (7)8. ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES AND PLANETARY RESEARCH GUEST: Bob Zimmerman The Reuben Telescope has discovered 11,000 asteroids, including near-Earth objects. Bob Zimmerman also explains Saturn's warped magnetic field and emphasizes the need for new orbiters to explore data from Neptune and Uranus. (8)9. THE EMERGENCE OF CIVIL WAR PRISON CAMPS GUEST: Fitzhugh Brundage Fitzhugh Brundage discusses the creation of prisons like Andersonville and Point Lookout after the breakdown of prisoner exchanges. The Confederacy established Andersonville in Georgia to move prisoners away from the capital, Richmond. (9)10. AFRICAN AMERICAN PRISONERS IN THE CIVIL WAR GUEST: Fitzhugh Brundage Fitzhugh Brundage details the harrowing experiences of black Union soldiers like Isaac Gaskins, who were enslaved by the Confederacy after capture. These men were often forced into labor instead of being treated as POWs. (10)11. ANDERSONVILLE'S HORRORS AND POST-WAR JUSTICE GUEST: Fitzhugh Brundage The horrific conditions at Andersonville were documented by photographer Andrew Riddle, showing extreme starvation and disease. After the war, commandant Henry Wirz was prosecuted for war crimes, becoming a scapegoat for Confederate leadership. (11)12. PRESERVING THE MEMORY OF CIVIL WAR DEAD GUEST: Fitzhugh Brundage Fitzhugh Brundage explains the uneven history of Civil War mass graves and the creation of Andersonville National Cemetery. Clara Barton played a key role in identifying the 13,000 Union soldiers buried there. (12)13. THE TRANSFORMATION OF MODERN DRONE WARFARE GUEST: Henry Sokolski Henry Sokolski explores the evolution of warfare in Ukraine, highlighting the strategic use of Starlink and decentralized drone procurement. He also notes how AI-powered targeting from Palantir has significantly increased combat effectiveness. (13)14. NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION RISKS AT BUSHEHR REACTOR GUEST: Henry Sokolski Henry Sokolski discusses the security risks at Iran's Bushehr reactor, which contains 210 tons of spent fuel with weapons-usable plutonium. He stresses the urgent need for real-time monitoring to prevent the diversion of nuclear materials. (14)15. SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND LABOR CHALLENGES GUEST: Gene Marks Gene Marks discusses job data revisions, the rise of gas prices, and the "Buy Now, Pay Later" retail trend. He also explores the difficulties small businesses face with H-1B visas and COVID-era loan repayments. (15)16. HARNESSING AI TOOLS FOR BUSINESS PRODUCTIVITY GUEST: Gene Marks Gene Marks highlights how small businesses can use AI tools like Legal Zoom for automated services and Microsoft 365 Copilot for productivity. He emphasizes the importance of employee training to leverage these technologies effectively. (16)

10. AFRICAN AMERICAN PRISONERS IN THE CIVIL WARGUEST: Fitzhugh Brundage Fitzhugh Brundage details the harrowing experiences of black Union soldiers like Isaac Gaskins, who were enslaved by the Confederacy after capture. These men were often forced into labor instead of being treated as POWs. (10)1865 FIVE FORKS

“Japanese war crimes are notorious. During the Second World War, as Japanese forces overran Southeast Asia and the Pacific, they massacred, murdered, raped, and tortured Asians and Westerners who fell into their hands. They also mistreated hundreds of thousands of prisoners of war (POWs) and civilian internees. After the war ended in 1945, the victorious Allied powers conducted trials in which they brought Japanese perpetrators to justice, as they also did with Germans in Europe… In this provocative new book, Twelve Japanese War Criminals and One Who Got Away, published by University of Hawaiʻi Press (2026), historians Robert Cribb and Sandra Wilson analyse thirteen case studies of Japanese war crimes. They attempt to answer a crucial question with contemporary relevance, how does one become a war criminal? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

“Japanese war crimes are notorious. During the Second World War, as Japanese forces overran Southeast Asia and the Pacific, they massacred, murdered, raped, and tortured Asians and Westerners who fell into their hands. They also mistreated hundreds of thousands of prisoners of war (POWs) and civilian internees. After the war ended in 1945, the victorious Allied powers conducted trials in which they brought Japanese perpetrators to justice, as they also did with Germans in Europe… In this provocative new book, Twelve Japanese War Criminals and One Who Got Away, published by University of Hawaiʻi Press (2026), historians Robert Cribb and Sandra Wilson analyse thirteen case studies of Japanese war crimes. They attempt to answer a crucial question with contemporary relevance, how does one become a war criminal? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

“Japanese war crimes are notorious. During the Second World War, as Japanese forces overran Southeast Asia and the Pacific, they massacred, murdered, raped, and tortured Asians and Westerners who fell into their hands. They also mistreated hundreds of thousands of prisoners of war (POWs) and civilian internees. After the war ended in 1945, the victorious Allied powers conducted trials in which they brought Japanese perpetrators to justice, as they also did with Germans in Europe… In this provocative new book, Twelve Japanese War Criminals and One Who Got Away, published by University of Hawaiʻi Press (2026), historians Robert Cribb and Sandra Wilson analyse thirteen case studies of Japanese war crimes. They attempt to answer a crucial question with contemporary relevance, how does one become a war criminal? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/military-history

“Japanese war crimes are notorious. During the Second World War, as Japanese forces overran Southeast Asia and the Pacific, they massacred, murdered, raped, and tortured Asians and Westerners who fell into their hands. They also mistreated hundreds of thousands of prisoners of war (POWs) and civilian internees. After the war ended in 1945, the victorious Allied powers conducted trials in which they brought Japanese perpetrators to justice, as they also did with Germans in Europe… In this provocative new book, Twelve Japanese War Criminals and One Who Got Away, published by University of Hawaiʻi Press (2026), historians Robert Cribb and Sandra Wilson analyse thirteen case studies of Japanese war crimes. They attempt to answer a crucial question with contemporary relevance, how does one become a war criminal? Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/southeast-asian-studies

In this episode, NK News Deputy Managing Editor David Choi and Senior Analytical Correspondent Colin Zwirko discuss newly released U.S. Justice Department files that show the convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein explored possible business opportunities in North Korea. The conversation then shifts to the two North Korean prisoners of war currently held in Ukraine, including the diplomatic and legal complexity around any transfer to South Korea and the likelihood that their status could become part of a wider Russia-Ukraine prisoner exchange. They conclude by discussing North Korea's announcement that it will hold the Ninth Party Congress in late February, as well as the latest on preparations for the event in Pyongyang. About the podcast: The North Korea News Podcast is a weekly podcast hosted by Jacco Zwetsloot exclusively for NK News, covering all things DPRK — from news to extended interviews with leading experts and analysts in the field, along with insights from our very own journalists.

In this episode, we look at a Superpower that has forgotten to pay its internet bill.From the Baltic Sea—where the Russian Navy recently surrendered a ship to Estonian customs inspectors without firing a shot—to the "Digital Stalingrad" in the Donbas where soldiers are resorting to medieval torture just to unlock Starlink terminals, the collapse is becoming impossible to hide.We dive deep into the "Zombie Economy" where interest rates have hit 21%, citizens are stealing butter locked in security cases, and the new "Russian Dream" is modeled after North Korea. We also expose the "Photoshop Front," where propagandists are inventing fake magazine covers because reality has become too depressing to print.Finally, we analyze a bombshell report from Meduza proving that the decision to destroy Ukraine wasn't a reaction to NATO, but a premeditated plan from 2004, and end with philosopher Dmitry Bykov's terrifying diagnosis of Russia's "Anthropological Catastrophe."Topics Covered:The Banana Republic Fleet: How Estonian special forces raided a Russian ship (and the Z-bloggers lost their minds).The Black Sea Ghost Fleet: Why the "Naval Superpower" is hiding behind Turkish oil tankers.The Photoshop War: Debunking the fake covers of Libération and Le Parisien.Digital Cannibalism: The "White List" Starlink block and the horrific consequences for POWs.The Butter Crisis: Why dairy products now have anti-theft alarms.The "Onion Lord": How a German AfD politician used Belarusian slave labor.The Origin of the Lie: New evidence that the war was planned in 2013.The Verdict: Why the "Crab Bucket" ideology guarantees collapse.Help us get trucks to the front!https://car4ukraine.com/campaigns/christmas-tree-trucks-2025-the-eastern-borderSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/theeasternborder. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

“We had been promised relief but none was coming, and all of us in Bataan shared a sense of betrayal.” This is the story of the United State's earliest—and most disastrous—days of war in the Pacific.  Almost immediately following Pearl Harbor, America and the Axis powers exchange rapid-fire war declarations. While embattled Britain breathes a sign of relief to have the US officially in the war, the Japanese Empire's sun is rising on the Pacific fast—and at great cost to the Philippines. As the Commonwealth's islands fall one by one, General Douglas MacArthur is forced to beat a hasty retreat. He evacuates to Australia and pledges to return; but what of the American and Filipino forces cornered on a small peninsula on Luzon? Well, they're not called the “Battling Bastards of Bataan” for nothing. But there's only so much they can do without outside support. Many thousands of POWs will be murdered or massacred in the post-surrender Bataan Death March of April 1942.  Amid these defeats and the ensuing crisis of morale, Washington concludes a successful counterattack on the Japanese home islands just might be the psychological win that America needs. Lieutenant Colonel James “Jimmy” Doolittle will lead an air attack… on Tokyo itself.  ____ Go to squarespace.com/HTDS for a free trial and use the offer code HTDS to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain from our advertising partner Squarespace. Connect with us on HTDSpodcast.com and go deep into episode bibliographies and book recommendations join discussions in our Facebook community get news and discounts from The HTDS Gazette  come see a live show get HTDS merch or become an HTDS premium member for bonus episodes and other perks. HTDS is part of Audacy media network. Interested in advertising on the History That Doesn't Suck? Contact Audacyinc.com. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

CONSPIRACY CHARGES AND THE LEGALITY OF AGGRESSIVE WAR Colleague Professor Gary J. Bass. The prosecution focused on 28 Class A defendants, alleging a grand conspiracy to wage aggressive war. This conspiracy charge, borrowed from Nuremberg, fit awkwardly with the fractured reality of the Japanese government, where defendants were often bitter rivals. To prosecute "aggressive war," the tribunal relied on the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact, despite it lacking criminal penalties for signatories. Ultimately, all surviving defendants received convictions, though verdicts were mixed; for example, Shigenori Togo was convicted of aggression but acquitted of conventional war crimes, while Kido was convicted of aggression but not held responsible for atrocities against POWs. NUMBER 61930 NATIONAL DIET TOKYO

Robert concludes the story of Bo Gritz with his unhinged attempts to rescue POWs from Vietnam, his political ambitions, and disgraceful downfall.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.