Podcasts about Interior minister

With the end of the Jinshin War, Oama, posthumously known as Temmu Tenno, came to the throne.  And though they would need a new Great Council of State, they continued to build up and bolster the Ritsuryo state.  They were imagining a new Yamato based on continental models of what a state should look like, but also influenced by tradition.  This episode we take a look at that reimagining in broad strokes, asking a few questions--what was Oama's relationship with his brother, and touching on the relationship of Nakatomi no Kamatari and his brother, Nakatomi no Kane.  We also take a look at some of the literary propaganda that also helped to codify this new imaginary--the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki.  We also touch on other sourcesof information, like the Fudoki and Man'yoshu. For more information, check out our blog:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-133   Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is episode 133: Reimagining Yamato As the bells of Houkouji tolled, Ohoama and his wife, Uno, surveyed the construction on going in the Asuka valley.  Hordes of workers had been called up, and now they were working furiously towards the deadline of the new year.  Where once stood the later Wokamoto palace of Takara Hime, aka Ohoama's mother, Saimei Tennou, now the land was being prepared for a palace on a much grander scale.  And just as the palace was being remade, Ohoama's thoughts went beyond the valley, to the entire archipelago.  His brother, Naka no Oe, had started something profound.  Now here he was, helming the Ship of State, and Ohoama had plans of his own, built upon his brother's ideas.  He would build a new state, ensuring that the reforms that started back in 645 would continue for generations. Greetings everyone and welcome back.  As we dive back in, let's recap where we are. The year is now 673, and the fighting from the previous year—the Jinshin war—is over.  Prince Ohoama and his Yoshino forces were victorious and he is now poised to ascend the throne in the recently built Palace of Kiyomihara, in Asuka.  He will be known to future generations by his posthumous name:  Temmu Tennou. Ohoama would go ahead and continue to centralize the government under the continental model.  That said, he also would pay a not insignificant amount of attention to local tradition as well.  His reign would lead to the establishment of the first permanent capital city: Fujiwara-kyo.  He is also credited with initiating the projects collecting various historical records, which culminated in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki, the very chronicles on which this podcast is based – and both of which seem to have been designed specifically to promote the authority of the throne, specifically Ohoama and his descendants. Those descendants—the Temmu dynasty—would rule for almost a century, including four of the eight official female sovereigns (those eight become ten if you count the unofficial Himiko and Okinaga Tarashi-hime, aka Jingu Tennou).  This dynasty would reign from the end of the Asuka period up through to the Nara period, and it would see the evolution of the Yamato state into the kingdom of Nihon—which is to say the kingdom of Japan. The politics of this period were also quite something.  It is during this coming period that we see the rise of the famous Fujiwara family, who would come to dominate the political landscape.  We also see the continued contact with the mainland, with numerous trade goods coming over, many of which would be included in the famous Shousouin storehouse of Toudaiji temple, in Nara. Buddhism would also thrive, with Kokubunji, or provincial temples, being set up in a network around the archipelago.  There was also the building of the famous Daibutsu, or Giant Buddha statue, of Toudaiji. Art would also flourish.  The Man'yoshu would be published at this time—a collection of around 4,500 Japanese poems, or waka.  Meanwhile, the court would also focus on continental styles as well.  From this point on, not only do we have more evidence of what was happening through the written record, but the writing itself changed.  Different Sinitic characters were borrowed solely for their sound to help spell out Japanese words.  These would eventually be simplified, and known as “kana”.  The earliest use of these characters is known as “Man'yo-gana” because so many are traced back to the Man'yoshu itself.  They would eventually be standardized and simplified, becoming the hiragana and katakana we know and use today. But in 673, all of this is still on the horizon. So this is a great time to pause for a bit in our journey through the chronicles and set the stage for this next, incredibly transformative period in the archipelago by going over these larger patterns in some depth, so that, as we start to go through this period we get a better idea of just what was happening, and perhaps why.  That's what we'll do this episode. To start with, let's go back to the relationship between Naka no Oe and Ohoama.  As far as we can tell, these brothers were fairly close to one another.  Not only was Ohoama married to one of Naka no Oe's daughters, Princess Uno, he had actually taken as consort at least four of Naka no Oe's other daughters—all of which were Ohoama's nieces.  In turn, one of Ohoama's own daughters, Princess Touchi, had been married off to Ohotomo, aka the ill-fated Koubun Tennou.  On top of that, Naka no Oe and Ohoama both had taken as consorts daughters of Soga no Akaye, and both Ohotomo and Ohoama had consorts from Nakatomi—or Fujiwara—no Kamatari.  This demonstrates just how interrelated everyone was at court, presumably as a means of strengthening the ties between them.  Of course, as we've seen time and again, those ties were more symbolic than anything else, and certainly did not prevent the occasional use of violence, nor did it protect the fathers of those women from political repercussions when they found themselves on the wrong side. On the other hand, beyond the initial mention of their births, we don't see the two brothers together until Naka no Oe came to the throne.  Why?  Well, to be fair, we don't see much of anyone but the sovereign in the Chronicles unless there is a specific thing they are called out for—like an embassy, presenting something to the throne, etc.  Even Naka no Oe often isn't mentioned directly, even when he was the Crown Prince and supposedly helping run the government.  So that could be it. There are two apparent counter arguments to the idea that Naka no Oe and his brother, Ohoama, were tight.  First is a mention in the Toushi Kaden, the Family History of the Fujiwara Family, about Ohoama thrusting a spear into a board, which rattled Naka no Oe enough that he was apparently wondering if he needed to have his own brother taken out.  Then there is Ohoama's resignation at the time of Naka no Oe's death, presumably because he was warned that a plot was afoot, and that if he accepted Naka no Oe's offer to take the reins of the state in his own two hands then something—we aren't told what—would unfold. I can't rule out the idea that neither of those accounts is quite accurate either, however.  It is possible that the Toushi Kaden account is embellished to heighten Fujiwara no Kamatari's own role as peacemaker between the brothers.  I also have to wonder if the warning to Ohoama around Naka no Oe's death wasn't so much about Naka no Oe, but about his ministers.  After all, they seem to have had no problem supporting the much younger—and likely more malleable—Prince Ohotomo.  So it seems to me entirely possible that there were other threats that Ohoama was concerned with. That brings me to one of those ministers:  Nakatomi no Kane.  We talked about him before and during the war.  He first showed up participating in ritual and speaking on kami matters.  He would later rise to be one of the Great Ministers of State, and was one of the six ministers who had pledged themselves to Prince Ohotomo.  At the end of the Jinshin War, he was put to death and his family was banished.  That said, in period leading up to all of that,  we spent a good amount of time with another Nakatomi: Nakatomi no Kamatari. He was the head of the Nakatomi clan and the Naidaijin, the Interior Minister, a special position placing him on par, or even above, the Ministers of the Left and Right, but which did not have a well defined portfolio noted in the literature.  Interestingly, this position also doesn't seem to have survived Kamatari, at least in the short run.  From the time of Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, to the time of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou, it seems that the office of Naidaijin fell out of favor, possibly due, in part, to Prince Ohotomo being raised to a different post, that of Dajou Daijin, placing him in charge of the Great Council of State. The Naidaijin role wouldn't be revived until 717 for Kamatari's grandson, Fujiwara no Fusasaki (interestingly,  only three years before the completion of the Nihon Shoki). Nakatomi no Kane was, as far as we can tell, the brother to Kamatari.  When Kamatari passed away, Kane seems to have taken on the role as head of the Nakatomi family and he was also made Minister of the Right.  This mirrors, in its way, the relationship between Naka no Oe and Ohoama, and the common system of inheritance that would often go brother to brother.  And yet, while Kamatari was a hero of the Taika era, Nakatomi no Kane was executed for his role in the Jinshin War.  So in the context of the rise of the Fujiwaras to greater prominence later on in Ohoama's reign, it is significant that Kamatari's line would be set apart from the rest of the Nakatomi to the extent of giving it the new Fujiwara name.  Although the Chronicles claim that the “Fujiwara” name was actually granted by Naka no Oe, there is a thought that this was granted posthumously, and may have even been retconned by later members of the family, possibly to distance themselves from Nakatomi no Kane and his role on the losing side of the Jinshin War, and tie themselves clearly to Kamatari and his founding role in Naka no Oe's and Ohoama's new vision, instead.  This all brings me to my next point: the creation of the national histories.  The projects that culminated in what we know today as the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki are said to have been started under Ohoama's reign, though they wouldn't be finished until much later, well into the 8th century.  A lot of what went into them was work under Ohoama's wife Uno, who succeeded him as Jitou Tennou, as well as her successors.  Prince Toneri, one of Ohoama's sons, is said to have overseen the Nihon Shoki's compilation. Prince Toneri was son of Ohoama and princess Niitabe, one of Naka no Oe's daughters, and while he never sat the throne, himself, one of his sons would eventually do so.  As such, we can see a strong royal hand on the project, even though the actual composition was probably by several teams of Chroniclers—we touched on this briefly back in Episode 131. The Kojiki, on the other hand, is said to have been written by Oho no Yasumaro based on the oral history that had been maintained by Hieda no Are.  We don't know much about Hieda no Are—there are some that believe they may have been a woman, since a passage in a later work, the Seikyuuki, suggests that they were a member of the Sarume no Kimi family, descended from Ame no Uzume no Mikoto, who is said to have danced and helped lure Amaterasu out of the rock cave.  And so they were particularly known for their role as shrine maidens—a particularly female role.  That said, Are received the title of “toneri”, which is often assumed to be male, and there is nothing else that explicitly says they were not. Either way, Hieda no Are is said to have been commanded by the sovereign, Ohoama, to memorize the history of the nation, presumably to then perform it as needed, for the court.  Only later was Oho no Yasumaro asked to write it down in what became known as the Kojiki. Both of these chronicles were attempts to organize the history of the nation and to put together all the stories in a way that would establish a foundation for the new state that was evolving out of ancient Yamato.  A large part of that effort was going to be to justify those who were in power at the time—including both the royal family and the various noble houses at the time, including the powerful Fujiwara. Now, when we talk about how these histories were created to bolster the state, I want to be careful.  It may not have necessarily been the case that the chroniclers were actively and consciously promoting a fictional account.  From what we can tell, the chroniclers drew from a collection of stories, some written down in diaries and court records, works like the Baekje annals and continental histories, and some that were likely just memorized tales that were part of the general culture.   There were a couple of existing histories—we are told, for example, that there was a Teiki and a Kyuji floating around, both attributed to the legendary Shotoku Taishi, and both supposedly including the royal lineage at least to Toyomike-kashikiya-hime, aka Suikou Tennou.  However, the copies that were being passed around were apparently suspect, and we are told that there were inconsistencies.  Which probably means that the way they told the story did not conform to the way that Ohoama and the royal family wanted it told, though it could also refer to the fact that different accounts had slight variations on the stories, many of which had probably started as oral traditions that were only later written down.  It is also likely that there was only so much detail in those ancient texts, but we can't know for sure.  The Sendai Kuji Hongi purports to be the text of the original Kyuuji, or Kyuujiki, but that claim is dubious, at best, though it may have used an older, no longer extant history to crib its own notes from. So there were probably some writings, already, but there was also so much more.  There were stories from various familial records, stories told by various shrines about their kami and their histories, and stories passed down as local history that had never been captured, previously.  All of this was good material for the project of creating an official national history that aimed to tell the whole story. To get an idea of what the Chroniclers of that time might have been going through, imagine that you have some 2,000 random facts about the United States, or any country of your choice, in no particular order—stories of heroes, presidents, wars, etc.  On top of that, only a few of them ever give you any kind reference dates, and when they do, those dates are only in relationship to the presidents in office – the third year of the presidency of Roosevelt, for example - or maybe they reference another event.  In addition, some of the facts have been lost, or they come from history books with a slightly different format.  Or they come from diaries with different perspectives and takes on the same event.  And then, without the aid of the Internet or any other reference material, you are asked to put all of that together into a coherent narrative. In all likelihood you would be able to generally construct many of the broad strokes.  You would leverage what you know to be true and do your best to put things in place, but there is no guarantee that everything would be in the right order.  And in places where there wasn't any clear through line, you may have needed to come up with your best, most plausible explanation and write that down. Also, imagine you had, in the interests of completeness, thrown in some of the more, shall we say, apocryphal stories.  George Washington cutting down a cherry tree, for instance, or the story of Johnny Appleseed, or even the more fantastical stories of Davy Crockett.  Without other reference points, would you know where they went, or how true they actually were? Add to all of that the lack of a referential calendar.  The sexagesimal system helps for units of 60 years, but there was nothing comparable to a western calendar in use at the time.  Instead, everything was based on the number of years in a given reign.  So instead of thinking about it as “did this happen in 584 or 524?” it was more like “Did this happen in the years of the sovereign reigning from X palace or Y palace?” Now that said, there do appear to have been individuals whose job was to memorize the stories and the histories and recite them.  We have, for example, the Kataribe, the guild of storytellers.  It may have been out of this tradition that we get the eventual commission of the previously mentioned Hieda no Are, who was to memorize all of the historical events and recite them back, which I can only imagine would have been a kind of performance for the court, helping to reinforce the narrative.  But still, as Are was putting everything together, what were the assumptions and guidelines they were working under? After all, there were no doubt certain truths, whether factual or not, that were pushed by the court.  Things like the idea of an unbroken line of sovereigns going all the way back to the mythical founding, just like in continental stories.  Or, the idea that worship centered from the beginning around the sun goddess, Amaterasu. There is plenty of evidence that while the early Wa people practiced various forms of sun worship, with traces found in their language as well as stories, cultural traditions, etc., it was not necessarily Amaterasu who was the primary deity of worship.  Back in the Age of the Gods we talked about the creator deities, Izanagi and Izanami, and about the High god of Heaven, Takami Musubi, who seems to at one point been the most prominent central deity, but who had since been eclipsed, if you will, by the likes of Amaterasu. We also see evidence that there were other sun deities.  The language around Sarutahiko no Ohokami suggests that he may have once been worshipped as a sun deity as well.  And there is the early primacy of Mt. Miwa as a place of worship, and the spirit of Ohomononushi.  This is to say nothing of Ohokuninushi, and all of his stories, up in Izumo. Furthermore, it seems telling that Amaterasu is not even central to the rituals conducted in the palace itself, which likely went back to an even earlier period.  If Amaterasu were central, and the ancestral kami of the royal family since its inception, one would expect that Amaterasu would also be central to the rites carried out by her descendants in the royal palace.  And yet most of her worship appears to have continued to be set apart from the palace ritual, and conducted out of Ise shrine (albeit after a certain point ceremonially led by a designated female member of the royal line). Even Ise shrine itself isn't the primary shrine in the Ise area—the Ichi-no-miya, or most important shrine, of Ise is actually said to be Tsubaki shrine, worshipping Saruta Hiko no Ohokami and Ame no Uzume. So how did Amaterasu come to be so central in Ohoama's vision? There are stories that say that worship at Ise Shrine—and worship of Amaterasu—was specifically conducted by Ohoama's wife during the Jinshin campaign.  This is to say Ohoama's wife, primary consort, eventual queen and then queen regnant, Uno, later known as Jitou Tennou.  Remember, Uno had fled with Ohoama and had been on the trail with him at first, but had stayed behind in Ise.  Worship towards Ise seems to have later been counted as foundational to Ohoama and Uno's victory, and many suspect that they themselves may subsequently have encouraged greater worship of Amaterasu and placed her in the central position of sacral authority amongst the various kami. If so, that could explain why their histories focus so much on Amaterasu and her Heavenly descendant, from which the royal line claimed direct lineage.  It might also be around this time that the story of Iwarebiko, aka Jimmu Tennou, and the conquest of Yamato from Himuka may have been introduced: telling how Iwarebiko justifiably took away the land from the descendants of Nigi Hayahi, and then connecting Iwarebiko, in an extremely loose fashion, to Mimaki Iiribiko no Mikoto, aka Sujin Tennou. Another influence on all of this was likely the continental concept that time is a circle, and history repeats itself.  Chroniclers seeking to place events in a narrative context would have likely seen reflections of more recent events and used that to help order their compilation.  And of course, if there were events that seemed to run counter to the truth as known by the court, well, those could be smoothed over.  In this way, co-rulers were probably serialized, inconvenient interim rulers may have been excised altogether, and different dynasties, which may have only had tenuous connections, at best, were written down as direct lineal descendants.  It also seems telling that the Chroniclers may have reduced the role of what appears to be matrilineal succession to a more patriarchal and patrilineal determination of legitimacy.  Similarly, connections could be made for families to ancient ancestors through whom they were able to claim a certain proximity to the royal family.  Likewise, rules for legitimacy could be imposed—or perhaps just assumed—for previous reigns, doing their best to bring them into harmony with the social norms and the cultural imaginaries of the late 7th and early 8th centuries. So that's the general context the Chroniclers were working under. But at this point it's illuminating to take a look at the two histories and how they differ, to see what we can understand about where those differences came from. The work of Hieda no Are, eventually recorded and written down as the Kojiki, seems to have dealt with history that was far enough back that it was likely hard to argue with—it isn't like there was anyone alive who could counter with their own facts.  And the Kojiki reads as a fairly straightforward narrative, relatively speaking. The Nihon Shoki, on the other hand, is a different beast.  While the Kojiki may have captured the official narrative, the Nihon Shoki seems to have been designed to include more—including some of the competing accounts.  Thus you'll get a lot of things like “another source says…” with a different take on the same event.  This is much more prevalent in the Age of the Gods, but still pops up occasionally throughout the rest of the text.  Nonetheless, it is still very much focused on the royal line from Amaterasu down to Naka no Oe and Ohoama.  Even their posthumous names, Tenji and Temmu, specifically reference Ten, also pronounced Ama, at the start of their names, in what appears to be a bid to further connect them to the sun goddess of Heavenly Brightness--Amaterasu. Both of these works have their own character, and while the dates they were presented to the throne—713 for the Kojiki and 720 for the Nihon Shoki—suggest that they were published in succession, there are those that argue that the Kojiki is largely a reaction against the Nihon Shoki. In all likelihood the contents of the Nihon Shoki were known to many people before it was presented.  There were groups of Chroniclers involved, after all -- which meant teams of scribes pouring through sources, seeking out myths and legends, and generally trying to bring everything they could to the table.  And there is no indication that this was done in secret.  So it is quite possible that the writers of the Kojiki had seen some of the early drafts and cribbed from those notes. Some of the ways that the the history differ are in their portrayal of certain accounts.  For example, the Kojiki presents Iwarebiko and the pacification of Yamato and archipelago more generally in terms of that mythical sovereign conversing with the spirits.  And so he converses with, for instance, Ohomononushi, the deity of Mt. Miwa, a spirit whose name might be translated as the Great Lord of the Spirits, or “Mono”.  This idea places the sovereign as an intercessor between the mortal and the spirit world.  It hearkens back to earlier systems of sacral kingship, where power and authority came, at least in part, from supposed power of one's sacred sites and protective spirits. The Kojiki is also written in a much more vernacular style, using kanji and what we know of as man'yogana, the kanji used for their sound, rather than meaning, to provide a syllabary with which to write out Japanese words.  This may have been done for similar reasons to why it was also used in the Man'yoshu itself—because the Kojiki was meant to be recited aloud, not just read for meaning. The Nihon Shoki, in contrast, is clearly attempting to emulate the continental style.  It relies much more heavily on not just the characters but the grammar of Chinese, though not without its own idiosyncrasies.  The Nihon Shoki incorporated classical references that mirrored the references found in the histories of the Tang and earlier dynasties.  I suspect, for instance, that this is one of the main reasons that Naka no Oe and Ohoama are given the posthumous names of “Tenji” and “Temmu”.  Tenji means something like the Wisdom of Heaven while Temmu is more like the Martial Virtue of Heaven.  This immediately brings to mind, for me, the continental concepts of Wen and Wu—Culture and Warefare, or Bunbu in Japanese.  This even mirrors the founding Zhou kings, King Wen and King Wu.  Later, in the Han dynasty, you have Emperor Wu of Han, the grandson of Emperor Wen of Han, and Wu was considered to be one of the greatest emperors of the Han dynasty.  And so I can't help but think that there was a similar attempt at mythmaking going on here, connecting these two reigns with the reigns of famous emperors of the continent.  Of course, “Wu” was a popular name amongst the imperial dynasties from that period onward, with emperors of Jin, Chen, Liang, and others all being given the same name. This all accords with the way that the sovereign in the Nihon Shoki is less of a sacral king, interceding and speaking with the kami, and more along the continental model of an absolute ruler who ruled by divine right and heavenly mandate.  The lands outside of Yamato are subdued and, except for the occasional uprising, stay subdued—or at least that is what the narrative would seemingly have us believe. Now, I would argue that these distinctions are not absolute.  The Kojiki contains plenty of concepts of imperial trappings, and the Nihon Shoki contains plenty of examples of the sovereign playing a more traditional role.  But it is something to consider in the broad strokes of what they are saying, and I would argue that it also speaks to the duality of what was going on in this period.  Clearly the Ritsuryo State was built on the continental model, with an absolute ruler who ruled through a Heavenly mandate.  And yet at the same time, we see Ohoama patronizing the traditional spiritual sites and kami worship, like the emphasis on Amaterasu and Ise shrine.  Besides the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki, we have one more set of official records that were compiled just as the major histories were beginning to be finished.  These were the Fudoki.  Fudoki were texts about the various provinces, and they include information on the various places, population, soil quality, as well as various local myths and legends attached to such things.  Rather than supporting the royal lineage, the Fudoki were more geared towards supporting the process begun under Karu and Naka no Oe with the Ritsuryo system whereby knowledge of the archipelago was being centralized such that the State could know about its territories.  Still, there are many times that the various Fudoki refer to different sovereigns, often to help situate a given event roughly within the historical narrative. The Fudoki were commissioned in 713.  At least 48 chronicles were said to have been compiled, but only a handful of them remain extant today.  Most are only partial texts, though even those can still contain significant information.  We also have purported text from certain fudoki that were reprinted in later histories.  The Shaku Nihongi seems to have been one such work, expressly commissioned to try and compile various older records that were likely aging and in danger of being lost altogether.  However, there is a concern regarding just how faithful those later transcriptions might have been, meaning that we cannot rely on them, entirely.  Still, they are an invaluable addition to our study of the history of this period. I mention all of this because much of this period seems dedicated to remaking the nation of Yamato into what we know as Japan.  This evolution didn't happen overnight, and it seems clear that it started gradually, but had now come to a head.  There is some consideration, though, that many of the things attributed to earlier reigns—the work done by Shotoku Taishi, for example, or even that of Naka no Oe—may have been embellished in this period.  After all, consider the difference between Ohoama trying to institute something entirely new versus pointing back to a previous sovereign and claiming that he wasn't innovating, he was just following tradition. But there are still unmistakable signs of innovation in the following reigns.  The creation of the first permanent capital city, for one.  There was also the blending of Buddhist and local kami-based traditions.  While Buddhism had been ascendant for a while, now, we see Ohoama seemingly paying equal homage to Amaterasu and the local kami.  Even while instituting new fangled continental ideas, he is also hearkening back to traditions that I can only imagine helped assuage some of the fears of any traditionalists who saw the rapid speed at which the archipelago was adopting at least the trappings of continental imperial culture. Speaking of culture, there was one other work that we should probably mention, and that is the famous Man'yoshu—the collection of 10,000 Leaves.  I mentioned this briefly earlier in the episode, but I do want to discuss it a bit, because as much as we may glean from the official histories, as well as the various fudoki texts, the Man'yoshu provides an invaluable view into the minds of the people of the time, and contains some incredibly useful tidbits of information that, when put together, help give us a better idea of what was happening during this period. The Man'yoshu is a collection of more than 4500 poems attributed to various historical figures, from sovereigns, such as Ohoama and Naka no Oe, to common soldiers.  It is remarkable in that the poems are largely in native Japanese and are not using the Sinitic poetry styles that were popular with scholars of the time. These poems are waka, Japanese verse, which typically follows a pattern of repeating verses of 5-7-5 syllables or morae, ending with two lines of 7-7.  The most simple of these are tanka—one top verse of 5-7-5, and one bottom verse of 7-7.  However, the poems in the collection can vary quite a bit. They are also remarkable in that they are written in what we know as Man'yogana.  That is to say they use Sinitic characters—kanji—but for their sound rather than their meaning in many cases.  This practice allowed for much more nuanced writing, such that the author could be more certain that the correct meaning could be taken away, since Japanese grammar differs greatly from various Chinese languages, and leverages particles and suffixes that are non-existent in Sinitic script.  Often times, when reading something like the Nihon Shoki, one has to infer the Japanese word order, particles, and suffixes from the text as a whole.  This is common with any kanbun—a very Japanese style of Chinese writing that often requires its own study to fully understand. Meanwhile, the Man'yogana allowed someone to more easily sound out the letters in the Man'yoshu.  This must have been important when morae or syllable count was important to the art form.  Furthermore, it gives us tremendous insight into how spoken Japanese may have sounded  back in the 8th century. And of course it is great that we have all of these poems, but almost more important is the other information contained in the collection.  Most poems not only are attributed to a particular author, but they often give a brief introduction to lay out the circumstance in which the poem was composed.  These poems are, in many ways, more straightforward than many later poetic styles, which relied much more heavily on so-called “pillow words”, poetic allusions, or callbacks to previous poems—not that they were completely devoid of such references, especially to other, often continental, works. Some poems are actually paired—a type of call and response.  A man would often be expected to send a poem to a lady with whom he had recently had assignations, and she would often respond.  Through such correspondence, preserved in the poetic record, we can see connections that might not be as clear in the various historical texts. Now, 4500 is a lot of poems and I'll be honest, I'm probably not going to be researching all of them for historical tidbits, but it is nonetheless important to understand.  One should also be careful—while the poems are often attributed to various artists and famous persons, this may sometimes be misleading.  The attribution may have been garbled or forgotten, and recreated. Most of the poems in the Man'yoshu are presented with at least some amount of framing around them.  They are grouped loosely by various themes.  We are then told, for each poem, the composer and the occasion for which it was created.  Sometimes this may be as simple as “when they were out hunting”, but that still gives us some context on which to go by as for why the author was writing the poem in the first place. The poems themselves vary in size.  There are short poems, or tanka, but also longer form chōka poems, with multiple verses.  Some may allude to previous poems, but many of the poems are just about the author's feelings.  Unlike haiku, they were not quite so proscribed in terms of “pillow words” or requisite seasonal descriptions. And yet these poems, just as much as the histories, were important in capturing some part of the cultural zeitgeist from that time.  We can see what was considered popular or important, and it was there for future generations down until today. Ultimately the Kojiki would largely be overshadowed by the more comprehensive and prestigious seeming history in the Nihon Shoki.  The Nihon Shoki would become the official history, inspiring future historical records, such as the Shoku Nihongi, the continuation of the records.  The Man'yoshu, likewise, would be emulated, with future compilations like the Kokinshu. These, in turn, would impact the cultural imaginary of the time.  They would shape people's ideas about the past, about art, and even about the nature of the kami themselves.  During this period it is hard to understate just how much they were setting in place a new system.  It is even difficult to tell how much of that system had actually been instituted by previous sovereigns, even though it's hard to tell how much that actually happened as opposed to simple claims by Ohoama and, later, Uno, to justify what they were doing.  Up to this point, the Ritsuryou State and the various reforms had been an experiment, but under Ohoama we truly see that the new government upgrades would be fully installed.  At the same time, we also see a shake up in the court.  Those who had been loyal to Ohoama during the Jinshin conflict of 672 received various rewards—increased rank and stipend, for one thing.  As famous individuals passed away, they were also granted posthumous rank, which might not seem like much, but it increased the family's prestige and that of the individual's descendants without actually handing out a higher level stipend that would be a drain on the coffers.  All of this also continued to build up the elites' reliance on not just the court, but on the throne itself for their status, wealth, and position.  Thus they had a vested interest in seeing that the project succeeded. And that is the world that we are about to dive into.  Thank you, I know we didn't get into too much of the immediate history, and some of this is spoilers—after all, this took time and in the moment it could have turned out quite differently.  What if Ohoama had gotten sick and died?  What if there had been a rebellion?  What if Silla or Tang had attacked?  While we know what happened from the safety of our vantage point, far in the future, it is important to remember that at the time the people in the court didn't know what would happen next, so please keep that in mind. Next episode, we'll start to get into the actual events of the reign, starting with Ohoama's ascension to the throne at the newly built Kiyomihara palace in Asuka. Until then, if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.

The unusual metaphor had been used by Munir at a private dinner during his US trip earlier this month, as exclusively reported by ThePrint, and also in Brussels according to Naqvi.  

The Interior Minister, who had flown on the helicopter on several occasions, recounts how Dr. Omane Boamah feared the aircraft and consistently warned him against using it.

Interior Minister, Muntaka Mohammed-Mubarak, has called on the Ghana Police Service to ensure a peaceful Akwatia by-election through adequate preparation.

Ghana's Interior Minister, Hon. Mohammed Muntaka Mubarak, has taken a strong stance against political vigilantism, pledging justice for those affected by the violence during the Ablekuma North constituency rerun elections. Speaking at the launch of the Government Accountability Series, he reaffirmed the government's unwavering commitment to peace, security, and upholding the rule of law

The Minister for the Interior, Mubarak Mohammed-Mubarak, has issued a stern warning to political parties, independent candidates, and all political actors ahead of the upcoming Akwatia by-election in the Eastern Region.

התוכן בין פעולותיו ועסקנותו של בעל הגאולה במדינה ההיא היתה – מגעו וקשריו עם שרי המלוכה, עוד בחיי אביו, תחת ממשל ה"צאַר". אופן השתדלותו אצלם לבטל הגזירות שונות על היהודים הי' בדרך "מלמעלה למטה", ובלשון הידוע "מלכתחילה אַריבער" – (לא ללכת תחילה לשרים הקטנים וכו' אלא) ללכת לכתחילה אל השר בעצמו (בדומה להנהגת זקנו אדמו"ר מהר"ש, וידוע שהיתה שייכות מיוחדת ביניהם עד שהיו דומים בקלסתר פניהם שמורה על שייכות פנימית). וכפי שמצינו בסיפור שנדפס זה עתה – שבעל הגאולה נשלח ע"י אביו אדמו"ר נ"ע לבטל גזירה "עד כדי מסירות נפש", והלך למורו של שר הפנים והתיידד עמו וקיבל ממנו את אישור הקבוע שהי' לו המקנה רשות כניסה חפשית למשרד שר הפנים, וחדר למשרדו של שר הפנים וביטל את מסמכי הגזירה! אף שזוהי הנהגה השייכת לנשיא ישראל דוקא, והוא לא הי' נשיא אז – כי בענין שליחות זו, ש"שלוחו של אדם כמותו" ממש, נהי' נשיא!ב' חלקים משיחת אור ליום ג' פ' בלק, י"ג תמוז ה'תשמ"ה ל"הנחה פרטית" או התרגום ללה"ק של השיחה: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=07-07-2025 Synopsis Among the activities and efforts of the baal hageulah in that country were his contacts and relationships with government ministers, which began during his father's lifetime, in the time of the czar. His approach was to go m'lechatchila ariber (like his grandfather the Rebbe Maharash, with whom he had a special connection to the point that they looked similar, indicating an inner connection) – that is, rather than going to lower ranking officials, he would straight to the relevant minister himself. As we see in the story that has now been published: The baal hageulah's father sent him to Petersburg to annul a certain government decree, telling him to remain there “to the point of mesirus nefesh.” In Petersburg he befriended the teacher of the Interior Minister, who provided him with a pass allowing him entry to the government building where the Minister's office was located. Inside the building, he located the minister's office, found the relevant document and annulled it. This conduct is that of a Nasi of the Jewish people, and although at the time he wasn't yet the Nasi, nevertheless, since he acted as his father's shliach, and “A person's shliach is like himself,” therefore he became literally like the Nasi himself.2 excerpts from sichah of Monday night, parashas Balak, 13 Tammuz 5745 For a transcript in English of the Sicha: https://thedailysicha.com/?date=07-07-2025 לזכות דבורה בת שיינא שתחי' ליום ההולדת שלה י"א תמוזלשנת ברכה והצלחה, ואריכות ימים ושנים טובות

This episode we are covering the end of the reign of Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou.  We cover the events in the Chronicles, including the death of Nakatomi no Kamatari, the creation of the Fujiwara family, the destruction of Goguryeo, and the continued development of the Baekje refugees. For more, check out the podcast blog at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-128 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 128: Immigrants, Princes, and High Officials. There was a pall over the house, despite the visiting royal retinue creating something of a stir,.  While craftspeople were still hard at work repairing damage from the lightning strike only a few months earlier, that wasn't the reason for the low spirits.  Rather, the house was worried for their patriarch, the Naidaijin, Nakatomi no Kamatari.  He had fallen ill, and despite all the pleas to the kami and the Buddhas , it seemed the end might be near. And so even the sovereign himself had come.  Kamatari was not just a loyal official, but  a close friend of the sovereign, someone who had been there since the beginning.  And so we can imagine how Naka no Oe felt.  He may have been the sovereign of Yamato, but he was still a human being, visiting his friend of some 30 or so years, knowing that for all of the power that he held, there was nothing he could do against the ravages of time and disease.     The year is 668—Naka no Oe has moved the capital to Ohotsu, on the banks of Lake Biwa, and has formally assumed the throne. This episode we are going to cover the last several years of Naka no Oe's reign.  In contrast to last week's dive into Yamato science, this week is going to be a bit of a grab bag, looking at what was going on in Yamato and talking about what was recorded in the Chronicles. And for the most part, the entries for the rest of the year 668 are fairly normal, and yet there are some oddities… For instance, in the fourth month we are told that Baekje sent Mitosapu and others to offer tribute.  And any other time that would be just a normal thing.  Except that at this point in history, Baekje was about as going a concern as a parrot in a Monty Python sketch.  So if the Kingdom of Baekje was no longer a thing, who was it that was sending the tribute? Most likely it was the Baekje communities in exile living in the archipelago.  Remember how many of them had settled around Biwa and in 666, two thousand Baekje people were settled somewhere in the East.  These immigrants  were still being supported by the Yamato government, who were basically subsidizing their settlement for the first three years, during which time they would be expected to make it into a permanent settlement. Based on the way the Chronicles talk about it, these early Baekje communities sound like they were maintaining a kind of kingdom in exile.  With many immigrants from Baekje living together in proximity, they were likely keeping their own groups, with their own language and traditions, at least for now.  It would be interesting to know if there were specific Baekje settlements that have been identified through the archaeological record.   That said, we definitely see Baekje's mark on the archipelago: Physically, there are the Baekje style castles, and various temples following Baekje style layouts.  Of course there were also continental building styles, but some of that was shared across multiple cultures at this point, and one should consider how much Baekje influence might have been found in things that we later see as Japanese. Additionally, Baekje nobles were involved in the court, often given court rank based in part on their rank in Baekje, though it wasn't quite equivalent.  Still,  in time, some of the nobles would trace their lineages back to Baekje nobles and princes. Speaking of princes and Baekje, on the fifth day of the fifth month of 668 —a day that would come to be known as Ayame no hi, or Tango no Sekku, one of the major days of court ceremony—Naka no Oe went out hunting on the moor of Kamafu, known today as Gamou district, near Kanzaki, where 400 Baekje people had been settled.  He was out there with the Crown Prince, his younger brother, aka Prince Ohoama, and all the other princes and ministers.  A grand outing. A month later, however, tragedy struck.  One “Prince Ise” and his younger brother died on consecutive days.  While this was undoubtedly a blow to the court, the interesting thing for our purposes – which also highlights the challenge of interpreting the Chronicles is that we aren't exactly sure who this is referring to.  It's not the first time we've seen this title: we first see a “Prince Ise” show up around 650, during the presentation of the white pheasant that ushered in the Hakuho era, but we later see that that individual had passed away in 661.  We also see the name show up less than 20 years later in the Chronicles for another prince, so this can't be the same.  So this is clearly a position or title for a prince, but it isn't clear if it was passed down or inherited.   One possibility is that “Prince Ise” or “Prince of Ise” was a title for one of the royal sons. IAt this point in the narrative, Naka no Oe had three sons.  Prince Takeru had passed away at the age of 8, but he also had Prince Kawajima, Prince Shiki, and Prince Iga, aka Prince Ohotomo, all sons of “palace women”.  We know, though, that these princes show up later, so I don't think the so-called Prince Ise was one of them.  Perhaps another line?   The term “Prince” might also refer to something other than a royal son.  You see, English translators have often been somewhat cavalier with the way we tend to render titles.  The English term “Prince” has  been used for “Hiko”, “Miko”, or “Ou” (which was probably pronounced “Miko” in many of these cases).  And in English, we often think of “Prince” as the son of a king, but “Prince” can also be an independent ruler of a principality, or may just refer to a person with power in a monarchic state.  Even the term “king” is not unambiguous—early European accounts of Japan during the Warring States period often refer to the various daimyou as “kings”, given the often absolute dominion with which they apparently ruled their particular domains. At this time, the term “Miko”  (also pronounced “ouji”, or “koushi”, or even “sume-miko”) seems rather unambiguously to refer to a “royal prince”, from the lineage of the sovereign.  The term “Ou”, which also seems to be read as “Miko” in some cases, is also the term for “King” and probably more broadly fits the concept of a “prince” as a ruler.  However, in this case, it seems to be equal to the term “Miko”, and may have been used almost interchangeably for a time, though later it would be used to refer to members of princely rank who were not directly related to a reigning sovereign—the grandchildren and so forth of royal princes who did not go on to inherit. In this case, I think the best we can say for certain is that Prince Ise—or the Prince of Ise—was someone important enough to be included in the chronicles – but who he was, exactly, will remain a mystery for now. The following month, the 7th month, was chock full of activities.  First of all, Goguryeo sent envoys by way of Koshi—meaning they landed on the Japan Sea side, probably around Tsuruga.  While this may just have been closer, I suspect it meant they avoided any Tang entanglements traveling through the Bohai sea.  They did run into a spot of trouble, however, as the winds and waves prevented their return. Koshi also shows up as presenting some strange gifts to the court:  burning earth and burning water.  There is some thought that maybe this is something like coal or natural oil deposits. We are also told that in this month, Prince Kurikuma was appointed the governor of Tsukushi.  Kurikuma no Ou appears to have been the grandson—or possibly great-grandson—of the sovereign, Nunakura, aka Bidatsu Tennou.  The position Kurikuma was given was important, of course, overseeing the Dazai, which meant overseeing anyone traveling to the archipelago from the continent. This would be a relatively short-lived appointment—this time.  He would be re-appointed about three years later, which would prove important, as he would be governor there during some particularly momentous events.    Stories appear to have continued about him in the Nagasaki region, and various families traced their lineage back to him. Also in that month, we are told that Afumi, home of the new capital, practiced military exercises—likely in preparation in case of a future Tang or Silla invasion.  Recall we discussed in Episode 126 how the choice of Afumi as a capital site might have been related to its defensibility in the event of such an invasion. At the same time, the court entertained Emishi envoys, and the toneri, by royal command, held banquets in various places. There is also mention of a shore-pavillion, presumably at Lake Biwa, where fish of various kinds came, covering the water.  Interestingly enough, there is another story of a “shore pavilion”, likely the same one, in the Fujiwara Family Record, the Toushi Kaden.  We are told that Prince Ohoama – Naka no Oe's younger brother spiked a large spear through a plank of wood in some kind of feat of strength.  This apparently shocked Naka no Oe, who saw it aa  kind of threat—perhaps seeing that his five-years younger brother was still hale and healthy.  Granted, Naka no Oe was only in his 40s, but his brother Ohoama was in his later 30s.  We are also told that at this time, in 668, Naka no Oe was apparently not doing so well, with people wondering if he would be with them much longer. The Toshi Kaden account seems rather surprising in that it claims Naka no Oe was so shocked by this proof of his brother's vitality that he wanted to have him put to death, suggesting to me that he felt that Ohoama might be a threat to him and his rule.  Ultimately, though, he was talked out of this by his old friend, Nakatomi no Kamatari – the one whom he had plotted with to overthrow the Soga, and whose relationship was initiated by an interaction on the kemari field, as we discussed in Episode 106. Speaking of whom: Nakatomi no Kamatari was still Naijin, the Inner or Interior Minister, and so  quite prominent in the administration. In the 9th month, as a Silla envoy was visiting the court, Kamatari sent Buddhist priests Hoben and Shinpitsu to present a ship to the Prime Minister of Silla, which was given to the Silla envoy and his companions, and three days later, Fuse no Omi no Mimimaro was sent with a ship meant for the King of Silla as well. This incident is also recounted in the Toshi Kaden.  In this case it says that the people, hearing about the gifts to Silla, were quite upset.  After all, it stands to reason:  Yamato was still smarting from their defeat at the hands of Tang and Silla forces, and building up defenses in case of an attack.  They'd also taken in a number of Baekje nobles and families, who may have also had some influence on the court.  We are told that Kamatari himself excused all of this by stating that “All under heaven must be the sovereign's land.  The guests within its borders must be the sovereign's servants.”  In this case, all under heaven, or “Tenka”, is a common phrase used to describe a monarch's sovereignty over everything in the land.  And so, while Silla envoys were in Yamato as guests, they also fell under similar rules, and as such were considered, at least by Yamato, as the sovereign's servants and thus worthy of gifts. The Silla envoys stayed for over a month.  They finally departed by the 11th month of 668, carrying even more gifts, including silk and leather for the King and various private gifts for the ambassadors themselves.  The court even sent Chimori no Omi no Maro and Kishi no Woshibi back with the envoy as Yamato envoys to the Silla court. This all tells us that just as the Tang were working to woo Yamato, Silla was likely doing so as well.  And while Yamato might still begrudge the destruction of Baekje, they also had to face the political reality that Baekje was probably not going to be reinstated again—especially not while the Tang government was occupying the peninsula. So making nice with both Tang and Silla was prudent. Furthermore, though they had been visited by Goguryeo envoys earlier that year, Yamato may have had some inkling that Goguryeo was not in the most powerful position.  Ever since the death of Yeon Gaesomun, the Goguryeo court had been involved in infighting—as well as fighting their external enemies.  One of Gaesomun's sons had been exiled and had gone over to the Tang, no doubt providing intelligence as well as some amount of legitimacy.  What they may not have known was that as Yamato was hosting the Silla envoys, a new assault by the Tang-Silla alliance was advancing on Pyongyang and setting siege to the city.  The Nihon Shoki records that in the 10th month of 668 Duke Ying, the Tang commander-in-chief, destroyed Goguryeo. This would dramatically change the international political landscape.  Tang and Silla had been triumphant—Yamato's allies on the peninsula had been defeated, and what we know as the “Three Kingdoms” period of the Korean peninsula was over.  However, the situation was still fluid.  The peninsula was not unified by any sense of the imagination.  The Tang empire had their strategic positions from which they controlled parts of the peninsula and from which they had been supplying the war effort against Goguryeo.  They also likely had to occupy areas to ensure that nobody rose up and tried to reconstitute the defeated kingdoms.  In fact, there would be continued attempts to revive Goguryeo, as might be indicated in the name we use: by the 5th century, the country was actually using the name “Goryeo”, a shortened form of “Goguryeo”, but we continue to refer to it as “Goguryeo” to distinguish it from the country of the same name that would be established in 918, laying claim to that ancient Goguryeo identity. A bit of spoilers, but “Goryeo” is where we would eventually get the name that we know the region by, today:  “Korea”.  In the Nihon Shoki it is referred to as “Gaori”. But none of that could have been known at the time.  Instead, there was no doubt some exuberance on the side of both Silla and Tang, but that would settle into something of unease.  With Baekje and Goguryeo destroyed, Silla may have thought that Tang would leave, allowing them to solidify their hold and manage those territories as an ally.  If this is what they thought, though, I'm not sure they had run it by the Tang empire just yet. In the Yamato court, there appear to have been separate factions: a pro-Tang faction, and also a pro-Silla faction.  We have to assume, based on the actions in the record at this time, that this was a ongoing debate. The last thing I'll note for the year 668 is attempted theft.  The Buddhist priest Dougyou stole Kusanagi, the famous sword forming part of the imperial regalia, and escaped with it.  Kusanagi, you may recall, was the royal sword.  It was named “Kusanagi” or “grass cutter” because it is said that when Prince Yamato Takeru was subduing the eastern lands, he was surrounded in a field that had been set on fire, and he used Kusanagi to create a firebreak by cutting down all of the grass around him.  The sword was given to him by Yamato Hime, the Ise Princess at the time, and it was thought to have been first found by the god Susanowo inside of the legendary Yamata no Orochi.  We talked about this in Episodes 16, 34, and 35.  Yamato Takeru left the sword in Owari, and it would eventually live there, at Atsuta Jingu, Atsuta Shrine, its traditional home. It isn't clear if Dougyou obtained the sword from Owari or if it was being kept in the capital at the time.  It would have likely been brought out for Naka no Oe's coronation, but then it would probably have been returned to the shrine that was holding it. Dougyou tried to head to Silla with his illicit goods, but wind and rain forced him to turn back around.  This is a fascinating story and there's a lot to dive into here. So first off, let's point out that this is supposed to be a Buddhist priest.  What the heck was going on that he was going to try to run a heist on what are essentially the Crown Jewels of the Yamato crown?  While the sword, mirror, and jewel were still somewhat questionable as the sole three regalia, they were clearly important.  We aren't given Dougyou's motives.  We don't know enough about him.  Was he anti-Yamato or anti-Naka no Oe?  Was he actually a Buddhist priest of his own accord, or was he a priest because he was one of those who had been essentially conscripted into religious orders on behalf of some powerful noble?  Was he a Buddhist who wanted to attack the hold of the kami? Was he pro-Silla, or perhaps even a Silla descendant, trying to help Silla? Or was he just a thief who saw the sword, Kusanagi, as a valuable artifact that could be pawned outside of Yamato? That last possibility feels off.  While we aren't exactly sure what Kusanagi looked like, based on everything we know, the sword itself wasn't necessarily blinged out in a way that would make it particularly notable on the continent.    And if Dougyou and whoever his co-conspirators were just wanted to attack the Yamato government, why didn't he just dump Kusanagi in the see somewhere?  He could have destroyed it or otherwise gotten rid of it in a way that would have embarrassed the government. It seems mostly likely that this theft had something to do with pro-Silla sentiment, as if Silla suddenly showed up with the sword, I imagine that would have been some diplomatic leverage on the Yamato court, as they could have held it hostage.  In any case, the plan ultimately failed, though the Chronicles claim it was only because the winds were against him—which was likely seen as the kami themselves defending Yamato. On to a new year.  At the start of 669, Prince Kurikuma (who we mentioned above) was recalled to the capital and Soga no Akaye was appointed governor of Tsukushi. We mentioned Akaye a couple of episodes back.  He was involved in the broken arm-rest incident, where Prince Arima was plotting against Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tennou, and Akaye's daughter Hitachi no Iratsume, was one of the formal wives of Naka no Oe, who would give birth to the princess Yamabe. Now Akaye was given the position of governor of Tsukushi. This position is an interesting one throughout Japanese history.  In many ways it is a viceroy—the governor of Tsukushi has to effectively speak with the voice of the sovereign as the person responsible for overseeing any traffic to and from the continent.  This also was likely a highly lucrative position, only handed out to trusted individuals. However, it also meant that you were outside of the politics of the court.  Early on that was probably less of a concern.  At this time, court nobles were likely still concerned with their traditional lands, which created their economic base, meaning that the court may have been the political center, but there was still plenty of ways to gain power in the archipelago and it wasn't solely through the court.  Over time, as more and more power accrued to the central court government, that would change.  Going out to manage a government outpost on the far end of the archipelago—let alone just going back to manage one's own estates—would be tantamount to exile.  But for now, without a permanent city built up around the palace, I suspect that being away from the action in the capital wasn't quite as detrimental compared to the lucrative nature of a powerful position.  Later, we will see how that flips on its head, especially with the construction of capitals on the model of those like Chang'an. For now, new governor Soga no Akaye was likely making the most of his position.  On that note, in the third month of 669, Tamna sent their prince Kumaki with envoys and tribute.  They would have come through Tsukushi, and Soga no Akaye likely enjoyed some benefits as they were entertained while waiting for permission to travel the rest of the way down to the Yamato capital.  The Tamna embassy did not exactly linger at the court.  They arrived on the 11th of the 3rd month, and left one week—seven days—later, on the 18th.  Still, they left with a gift of seed-grain made to the King of Tamna. On their way out, they likely would have again stopped in at Tsukushi for provisions and to ensure that all of their business was truly concluded before departing. A couple of months later, on the 5th day of the 5th month, we see another hunting party by Naka no Oe.  This seems to have been part of the court ritual of the time for this ceremonial day.  This time it was on the plain of Yamashina.  It was attended by his younger brother, Crown Prince Ohoama, as well as someone called “Fujiwara no Naidaijin” and all of the ministers. “Fujiwara no Naidaijin” is no doubt Nakatomi no Kamatari.  This is an interesting slip by the Chroniclers, and I wonder if it gives us some insight into the source this record came from.  Kamatari was still known as Nakatomi at the time, and was still the Naidaijin, so it is clear they were talking about him.  But historically his greatest reputation is as the father of the Fujiwara family, something we will get to in time.  That said, a lot of the records in this period refer to him as “Fujiwara”.  We've seen this previously—because the records were being written later they were often using a more common name for an individual, rather than the name—including title—that the individual actually would have borne at the time of the record.  This really isn't that different from the way we often talk about the sovereigns using their posthumous names.   Naka no Oe would not have been known as “Tenji Tennou” during his reign.  That wouldn't be used until much later.  And yet, many history books will, understandably, just use the name “Tenji” because it makes it clear who is being talked about. This hunting trip is not the only time we see the name “Fujiwara” creep into the Chronicles a little earlier than accurate: we are told that only a little later, the house of “Fujiwara” no Kamatari was struck by lightning.  But that wasn't the only tragedy waiting in the wings.  Apparently, Kamatari was not doing so well, and on the 10th day of the 10th month, his friend and sovereign, Naka no Oe, showed up to pay his respects and see how he was doing. Ever since that fateful game of kemari—Japanese kickball—the two had been fast friends.  Together they envisioned a new state.  They overthrew the Soga, and changed the way that Japan even conceived of the state, basing their new vision off continental ideas of statehood, governance, and sovereignty.  Now, Kamatari was gravely ill. What happens next is likely of questionable veracity Sinceit is unlikely that someone was there writing down the exact words that were exchanged, but the Chronicles record a conversation between the sovereign and his ill friend.  And the words that the Chroniclers put in their mouths were more about the image that they wanted to project.  According to them, Naka no Oe praised his friend, and asked if there was anything that he could do. Kamatari supposedly eschewed anything special for burial arrangements.  He supposedly said “While alive I did no service for my country at war; why, then, should I impose a heavy burden on it when I am dead?”  Hard to know if he actually felt like that or not, or if thr Chroniclers were likening him to  Feng Yi of the Han dynasty, the General of the Great Tree.  He was so-called because he would often find a tree to take time to himself.  He likewise was renowned for his dislike of ostentation, much like Kamatari foregoing a fancy burial mound. Five days later, Naka no Oe sent Crown Prince Ohoama to Kamatari's house to confer on him the cap of Dai-shiki, and the rank of Oho-omi.  They also conferred on him and his family a new surname:  Fujiwara, and so he became Fujiwara no Daijin, the Fujiwara Great Minister.  The next day he died.  One source known as the Nihon Seiki, said that he was 50 years old, but according to the Chronicles there was an inscription on his tomb that stated he died at age 55. Three days later, we are told that Naka no Oe went to the house of the now late Fujiwara no Naidaijin, and gave orders to Soga no Akaye no Omi, declaring to him his gracious will and bestowing on him a golden incense-burner.  This is somewhat odd, because as we were just talking about, Soga no Akaye had been appointed governor of Tsukushi, though the Toshi Kaden claims that it was actually Soga no Toneri who was in Tsukushi—but these could also mean the same people.  Why this happened right after Kamatari's death suggests to me that Soga no Akaye may have had something to do with the arrangements for Kamatari's funeral or something similar. Let's talk about this whole incident.  There are many that think the Nihon Shoki has things a bit out of order, and on purpose.  Specifically, it is quite likely that the name “Fujiwara” was actually granted after Kamatari's death, and not on the day of, as it has here.  He may even have been posthumously elevated.  But since the Fujiwara family would go on to be quite powerful, the order of events and how they were recorded would have been very important in the 8th century. By naming Kamatari's line the Fujiwara, the court were effectively severing it from the rest of the Nakatomi.  The Nakatomi family would continue to serve as court ritualists, but the Fujiwara family would go on to much bigger and better things.  This change also likely meant that any inheritance of Kamatari's would go to his direct descendants, and that a brother or cousin couldn't necessarily just take over as the head of the household.  So it's very possible that this “setting apart” of the Fujiwara family immediately upon Kamatari's death is a later fiction, encouraged by the rising Fujiwara themselves, in an attempt to keep others from hanging on to their coat tails, as it were. Also a quick note about the idea that there was an inscription on Kamatari's tomb.  This is remarkable because so far, we have not actually found any such markers or tombstones on burials prior to this period.  We assume that they would have been stone or wood markers that were put up by a mound to let you know something about the person who was buried there.  Over time, most of these likely wore away.  But it is interesting to think that the practice may have had older roots. The death of Kamatari wasn't the only tragedy that year.  We are also told that in the 12th month there was a fire in the Treasury, and that the temple of Ikaruga—known to us as Houryuuji, the temple built by Shotoku Taishi—also was burnt.  It isn't said how bad, but only three months later, in 670, another fire struck during a thunderstorm, and we are told that everything burned down—nothing was left. That said, it seems that they may have been able to reuse some of the materials.  I say this because an analysis of the main pillar of the pagoda in the western compound suggests that the tree it came from was felled in 594. The rest of 699 included some less dramatic events. For instance, in the 8th month, Naka no Oe climbed to the top of Takayasu, where he took advice as to how to repair the castle there.  The castle had been built only a couple of years earlier, but already needed repairs.  However, the initial repair project had been abandoned because the labor costs were too much.  The repairs were still needed, though, and they carried out the work four months later in the 12th month, and again in the 2nd month of the following year, and that stores of grain and salt were collected, presumably to stock the castle in case they had to withstand a siege. I suspect that the “cost” of repairing the castle was mostly that it was the 8th month, and the laborers for the work would have to be taken away from the fields.  By the 12th month, I can only assume that those same laborers would be free from their other duties. Speaking of costs, sometimes the Chronicles really make you wonder what was going through the mind of the writers, because they noted that the Land-tax of the Home Provinces was collected.  Maybe this was the first time it had actually been instituted?  I don't know.  It just seems an odd thing to call out. There was also 700 more men from Baekje removed and settled in Kamafu—Gamou District—in Afumi.  And then there was a Silla embassy in the 9th month, and at some point in the year Kawachi no Atahe no Kujira and others were sent to the Tang court.  In response, an embassy from the Tang to Yamato brought 2000 people with them, headed by Guo Wucong, who I really hope was getting some kind of premiere cruiser status for all of his trips. The following year, 700, started out with a great archery meeting, arranged within the palace gate.  I presume this to mean that they had a contest.  Archery at this time—and even for years to come—was prized more highly than even swordplay.  After all, archery was used both in war and on the hunt.  It is something that even the sage Confucius suggested that people should practice.  It is also helpful that they could always shoot at targets as a form of competition and entertainment. Later, on the 14th day of the 1st month, Naka no Oe promulgated new Court ceremonial regulations, and new laws about people giving way on the roads.  This rule was that those of lower status should get out of the way of those of higher status.  Funnily enough, in the description of Queen Himiko's “Yamateg”, back in the 3rd century, this was also called out as a feature of the country.  It is possible that he was codifying a local tradition, or that the tradition actually goes back to the continent, and that the Wei Chroniclers were projecting such a rule onto the archipelago.  I'm honestly not sure which is which.  Or perhaps they expanded the rules and traditions already in place.  There were also new laws about prohibiting “heedless slanders and foul falsehoods”, which sounds great, but doesn't give you a lot to go on. The law and order theme continues in the following month.  A census was taken and robbers and vagabonds were suppressed.  Naka no Oe also visited Kamafu, where he had settled a large number of the Baekje people, and inspected a site for a possible future palace.  He also had castles built in Nagato in Tsukushi, along the route of any possible invasion from the Korean peninsula. In the third month, we have evidence of the continued importance of kami worship, when they laid out places of worship close to Miwi mountain and distributed offerings of cloth.  Nakatomi no Kane no Muraji pronounced the litany.  Note that it is Nakatomi no Muraji—as we mentioned, the Nakatomi would continue to be responsible for ceremonial litany while the Imibe, or Imbe, family would be responsible for laying out the various offerings. Miwi would seem to be the same location as Miidera, aka Onjou-ji, but Miidera wouldn't be founded for another couple of years. In the 9th month of 670, Adzumi no Tsuratari, an accomplished ambassador by this point, travelled to Silla. Tsuratari had been going on missions during the reign of Takara Hime, both to Baekje and to the lands across the “Western Seas”.  While we don't exactly know what transpired, details like this can help us try to piece together something of the relative importance of the mission. In the last entry for 670, we are told that water-mills were made to smelt iron.  If you are wondering how that works, it may have been that the waterwheel powered trip hammers—it would cause the hammer to raise up until it reached a point where it would fall.  Not quite the equivalent of a modern power hammer, it still meant that fewer people were needed for the process, and they didn't have to stop just because their arms got tired. The following year, 671, got off to a grand start, with a lot of momentous events mentioned in just the first month of the year. First off, on the 2nd day of the first month, Soga no Akaye – now back from his stint as governor of Tsukushi - and Kose no Hito advanced in front of the palace and offered their congratulations on the new year.  Three days later, on the 5th day, Nakatomi no Kane, who had provided the litany at Miwi, made an announcement on kami matters.    Then the court made official appointments.  Soga no Akaye was made the Sadaijin, or Prime Minister of the Left, and Nakatomi no Kane was made Prime Minister of the Right.  Soga no Hatayasu, Kose no Hito, and Ki no Ushi were all made daibu, or high ministers.  On top of this, Naka no Ohoe's son, Prince Ohotomo, was appointed as Dajodaijin. “Dajodaijin” is a new position that we haven't seen yet, and it is one of those positions that would only show up on occasion.  It is effectively a *Prime* Prime Minister.  They were considered superior to both the ministers of the left and the right, but didn't exactly have a particular portfolio.  The Ministers of the Left and the Right each had ministries under them that they were responsible for managing.  Those ministries made up the Daijo-kan, or the Council of State.  The Dajodaijin, or Daijodaijin, was basically the pre-eminent position overseeing the Council of State.  I suspect that the Dajodaijin seems to have been the evolution of the Naidaijin, but on steroids.  Nakatomi no Kamatari had administered things as Naidaijin from within the royal household, but the Dajodaijin was explicitly at the head of the State.  Of course, Prince Ohotomo was the son of Naka no Oe himself, and the fact that he was only 23 years old and now put in a place of prominence over other ministers who were quite likely his senior, is remarkable.  I wonder how much he actually was expected to do, and how much it was largely a ceremonial position, but it nonetheless placed Ohotomo just below his uncle, Crown Prince Ohoama, in the overall power structure of the court. Speaking of which, following the new appointments, on the 6th day of the year, Crown Prince Ohoama promulgated regulations on the behalf of his brother, Naka no Oe.  There was also a general amnesty declared, and the ceremonial and names of the cap-ranks were described in what the Chronicles calls the Shin-ritsu-ryo, the New Laws. Towards the end of the first month, there were two embassies, both from now-defunct kingdoms.  The first was from Goguryeo, who reportedly sent someone named Karu and others with Tribute on the 9th day, and 4 days later, Liu Jenyuan, the Tang general for Baekje sent Li Shouchen and others to present a memorial.  I'm not sure if the Goguryeo envoys were from a government in exile or from a subjugated kingdom under Tang and Silla domination.  The Tang general in Baekje was a little more transparent.  That said, that same month we are told that more than 50 Baekje nobles were given Yamato court rank, perhaps indicating that they were being incorporated more into the Yamato court and, eventually, society as a whole.  That said, the remains of the Baekje court sent Degu Yongsyeon and others with tribute the following month. This is also the year that Naka no Oe is said to have placed the clepsydra or water clock in a new pavilion.  We talked about this significance of this last episode.  We are also told that on the third day of the third month, Kibumi no Honjitsu presented a “water level”, a Mizu-hakari.  This would seem to be what it sounds like:  A way of making sure that a surface is level using water.  There is also mention of the province of Hitachi presenting as “tribute” Nakatomibe no Wakako.  He was only 16 years old, and yet we are told he was only one and a half feet in height—one shaku six sun, more appropriately.  Assuming modern conversions, that would have put him approximately the same height as Chandra Dangi of Nepal, who passed away in 2015 but who held the Guiness World Record for the world's shortest person at 21.5”—or 54 centimeters.  So it isn't impossible. The fact that he is called “Nakatomibe” suggests that he was part of the family, or -Be group, that served the Nakatomi court ritualists.  Unfortunately, he was probably seen more as an oddity than anything else at the time.  Still, how many people from that time are not remembered at all, in any extant record?  And yet we have his name, which is more than most. In the following month, we are also told that Tsukushi reported a deer that had been born with eight legs.  Unfortunately, the poor thing died immediately, which is unfortunately too often the case. And then the fifth day of the fifth month rolled around again. This year there was no hunting, but instead Naka no Oe occupied the “Little Western Palace” and the Crown Prince and all of the ministers attended him.  We are told that two “rustic” dances were performed—presumably meaning dances of some local culture, rather than those conforming to the art standards passed down from the continent.  As noted earlier, this day would be one of the primary ceremony days of the later court. The following month, we are told that there was an announcement in regards to military measures requested by the messengers from the three departments of Baekje, and later the Baekje nobles sent Ye Chincha and others to bring tribute.  Once again, what exactly this means isn't clear, but it is interesting to note that there were three “departments” of Baekje.  It is unclear if this was considered part of the court, or if this was Baekje court in exile managing their own affairs as a guest in Yamato. It is also interesting that they seem to have been traveling to the Yamato court while Li Shouchen was still there, sent by the Tang general overseeing Baekje.  That must have been a bit of an awkward meeting.  We are told that they all took their departure together on the 11th day of the 7th month.  Does that mean they left with the Tang envoy?  Was the Tang inviting some of them to come back?  Or just that they all left the court at the same time. The same month, Prince Kurikuma was once more made Governor of Tsukushi—or possibly made governor the first time, depending on whether or not you think the Chronicles are accurate or that they pulled the same event twice from different sources.  We are also told that Silla sent envoys with gifts that included a water buffalo and a copper pheasant for the sovereign. The 8th month of the year, we hear that Karu of Goguryeo and his people took their leave after a seven month long visit.  The court also entertained the Emishi.  Two months later, Silla sent Kim Manmol and others with more tribute, but this envoy likely found a different feeling at court. And that is because on the 18th day of the 8th month, the sovereign of Yamato, Naka no Oe, took to his bed, ill.  There was a ceremony to open the eyes of 100 Buddhas in the interior of the palace, and Naka no Oe sent messengers to offer to the giant Buddha of Houkouji a kesa, a golden begging-bowl, an ivory tusk, aloeswood, sandalwood, and various objects of value, but despite any spiritual merit that may have accrued, it didn't seem to work.  Naka no Oe's illness continued to grow more serious.  He would continue to struggle for another two months, until, on the 3rd day of the twelfth month, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, sovereign of Yamato, passed away. For all that we should be careful to avoid the “Great Man” theory of history, it is nonetheless hard to deny that Naka no Oe had an incredible impact on the country in his days.  From start to finish, while one could argue that many of the reforms were simply a matter of time as the archipelago absorbed more and more ideas from across the straits, Naka no Oe found himself in the middle of those reforms.  The Yamato State would never be the same, and he oversaw the birth of the Ritsuryo state, a new state nominally based on laws and rules, rather than just tradition.  It may not be entirely clear, but he also helped inculcate a new sense of the power of the sovereign and of the state, introducing new cultural imaginaries.  Yamato's reach wasn't just vague boasting, but by instituting the bureaucratic state they were able to actually expand the reach of the court farther than any time before. And through those changes, Naka no Oe had, in one way or another, been standing at the tiller.  Now, he was gone, as were many of his co-conspirators in this national project.  Which leaves us wondering:  What comes next? Well, we'll get to that, but not right now.  For now, let us close this episode with Naka no Oe's own end.   Next episode, we can get into the power struggles that followed, culuminating in an incident known as the Jinshin no Ran:  The Jinshin war. Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Minister for the Interior, Muntaka Mohammed-Mubarak, has expressed deep concern over the growing influx of arms and ammunition into the country, many of which are unregistered and untraceable

PRESS REVIEW – Tuesday, May 6: The Peruvian press are searching for answers after 13 miners were found murdered in an underground shaft. Also: French Justice Minister Gérald Darmanin finally apologises for the police's violent treatment of Liverpool football fans during the 2023 Champions League final in Paris. Snooker has a new world champion: controversial Chinese player Zhao Xintong. Plus, we look at the best and worst of billionaires' fashion at the Met Gala. There's shock in Peru after the bodies of 13 miners were found in an underground shaft. The grisly murders came to light on Sunday with the discovery of the bodies in a shaft operated by Peru's largest gold mining company in the Pataz region. The New York Times explains that the region has seen growing conflict over access to ore recently as gold prices soar amid illegal mining and organised crime.The Peruvian press are leading with the story. El Comercio, a Peruvian daily, calls the attacks bloody and cruel. Peruvian President Dina Boluarte held a press conference on Monday, announcing the suspension of mining for 30 days. El Comercio's editor reacts to her speech, saying that rather than reassuring the public, her message did the opposite. It confirmed the disorientation in the government about how to address the very serious situation of violence and crime in Peru. Another Peruvian daily La República, meanwhile, headlines with the face of the man believed responsible. Miguel Rodriguez Diaz, aka "El Cuchillo", was identified by the president as one of those responsible. The paper reports that he fled to Colombia shortly after her press conference. He had been inexplicably released by the public ministry. Rodriguez Diaz is known for his ties to criminal organisations in the Pataz region, where 39 deaths linked to illegal mining have occurred since 2023. Rodriguez Diaz is allegedly responsible for the murder of four people at another mine last year.Here in France, Gérald Darmanin has issued an apology to Liverpool football fans. As FRANCE 24 reports, Darmanin is French justice minister but back in 2022, he was interior minister amid the French government's chaotic handling of the Champions League final in Paris between Liverpool and Real Madrid. On that day, police fired tear gas and pepper spray at thousands of supporters, injuring many, as authorities blamed rowdy fans. In his interview, Darmanin admitted that France was not ready to host the final, which was moved from Russia in the midst of the war in Ukraine. The editor of Sud Ouest, a large regional paper in France, sees some shrewd ulterior motives in Darmanin's apology. The editor wonders if the apology is an attempt to wipe the slate clean ahead of presidential elections in 2027, in which he intends to run. "When one has one's eyes on the Elysée Palace, you need a political do-over," it says.In the Liverpool press, it's a different story: Liverpool Echo offers a measured response, noting that Darmanin offered his first full and frank apology for the way Liverpool fans were treated. Empire of the Kop, a news service run by a group of Liverpool fans who are professional journalists, are far more sceptical. They call it a "long overdue" apology, but remind us that Liverpool fans' patience actually prevented a frightening situation from getting worse. Furthermore, in his apology Darmanin said he expected a war of hooligans and for this publication, that's an unfair generalisation of fans from both Real Madrid and Liverpool.In other news, snooker has a new world champion! The Global Times reports that 28-year-old Zhao Xintong from China has won the World Snooker Championship after he defeated the three-time world champion, Welshman Mark Williams, in a thrilling final on Monday. His victory is a complicated one. Zhao returned recently to the sport after a 20-month ban over match-fixing that involved 10 Chinese players in 2023. He did not match-fix himself, but was party to another player who did. This is why his victory is somewhat muted in snooker circles. However, for The Independent, there is no doubt he will reach stratospheric levels of popularity in China, where snooker, a quaint British invention, is immensely popular. However you feel about him, Zhao is changing the face of snooker. The Telegraph calls him the Roger Federer of the snooker world.Finally, the press are focusing on one of the biggest events on the fashion calendar. The Met Gala celebrated Black dandyism in New York on Monday. Business Insider offers us a best and worst dressed list of billionaires at the event. On the best dressed list: Wendy Murdoch and her daughter Grace. The former wife of Rupert Murdoch and her daughter were charming in elegant white and gold outfits. On the worst dressed list: Norwegian tech billionaire Gustav Witzoe, in a white blazer cape hybrid with a briefcase of rose petals. Star Wars legend George Lucas also disappointed with his boring navy suit, while Kim Kardashian put together an unimaginative ensemble. Finally, Australian billionaire Anthony Pratt is not doing Australia's reputation for low fashion any favours, as people are disappointed with his lime-green eyesore! It turns out that money does not always buy good taste!You can catch our press review every morning on France 24 at 7:20am and 9:20am (Paris time), from Monday to Friday.

Good afternoon, I'm _____ with today's episode of EZ News. Tai-Ex opening The Tai-Ex opened up 188-points this morning from yesterday's close, at 20,884 on turnover of 5.2-billion N-T. The market plunged more than 4-per cent on Monday on the back of investor concerns over U-S President Donald Trump's tariff threats that could become reality later this week. Monday's decline was the fourth steepest in terms of points in the Tai-Ex's history. Lai urges steps to stabilize Taiwan's economy as U.S. tariffs loom President Lai Ching-te has told Premier Cho Jung-tai to take steps to guarantee Taiwan's economic stability ahead of the expected imposition of "reciprocal tariffs" by the United States tomorrow. According to Presidential Office spokeswoman Karen Kuo, Lai made the call after hearing a presentation by Cho and members of the government's "Taiwan-U.S. trade work group." Kuo says the report included assessments (評估) of possible U-S tariff levels, modeling and estimates of their economic impact, and various potential response plans. The Cabinet's Office of Trade Negotiations has said it's been preparing for the tariffs and has already developed "multifaceted response plans." Interior Minister disbands standby rescue team to help Myanmar after Earthquake Interior Minister Liu Shyh-fang says the government has disbanded a rescue team that was on standby to travel to Myanmar following last Friday's magnitude 7.7 earthquake. According to Liu, her office made the decision after considering the continuing military conflict between Myanmar's military junta and local rebel groups over the past few days despite the strong earthquake. Liu told reporters the government would be unable to guarantee the safety of rescue team members once they arrive there and decided to take team members off standby (支援) and allow them to return to their regular operations in Taiwan. The rescue teams had been on standby since late Friday. Trump administration sanctions six Chinese officials over Hong Kong Crackdown The US has announced sanctions against six officials from China and Hong Kong over the Chinese government's crackdown on the city's pro-democracy movement. Washington and its allies have accused (指控) Beijing of not honoring a commitment to allow the formerly British territory a high degree of autonomy. Ira Spitzer reports. Lithuania 3 Missing Soldiers Bodies Recovered The U.S. Army says three of the soldiers who went missing in Lithuania have been found dead in an armored vehicle that was pulled from a swampy area in Lithuania early Monday. Another soldier is still missing. The bodies of the three were recovered after a massive (大量的) six-day effort by U.S., Polish and Lithuanian armed forces and authorities to dig the M88 Hercules vehicle out of a peat bog at the training ground. The Army says the soldiers were on a tactical training exercise when they and their vehicle were reported missing early Tuesday. Hundreds of Lithuanian and U.S. soldiers and rescuers had joined the search through the thick forests and swampy terrain. The Navy dive team is now searching the area using radar for the fourth soldier who is still missing. That was the I.C.R.T. EZ News, I'm _____. －－－－以下訊息由 SoundOn 動態廣告贊助商提供－－－－ 紐西蘭昆士蘭，一出發就快樂！ 大堡礁浮潛、摩頓島海豚互動，沉浸純淨大自然； 夜遊皇后碼頭，購物美食一站滿足，一次旅程，精彩滿載！ https://sofm.pse.is/7cze6f -- MITSUI OUTLET PARK 林口 激安買物祭 3/28(五)-4/13(日) ⭐lululemon全台首家OUTLET就在林口 ⭐雙會員首十日滿3仟贈3佰 ⭐滿額抽萬元鐵道旅遊贊助金 ⭐永豐聯名卡友最高贈刷卡金5,500元 ⭐韓國美食慶典，等你來嚐鮮！ 活動詳情：https://sofm.pse.is/7cze6m -- Hosting provided by SoundOn

“We Don't Want Rice”- Adum Fire Victims Rejects Interior Minister Donations

Victims of the recent devastating fire at Adum in Kumasi have rejected a donation of 1,500 bags of rice, 800 boxes of cooking oil, and soap provided by the Interior Minister and Member of Parliament for Asawase, Muntaka Mubarak.

The Interior Minister Mohammed Mubarak Muntaka has given the police administration end of March, 2025 to give an update of investigation over the confusion and violence during the council of state elections.

The president of the Mobile Money Advocacy Group Edward Ofori Agyemang has stated that they have written a letter to the Inspector General of Police and the Interior Minister, requesting them to help address the alarming number of killings of Momo vendors in the country

At least 76 people have died in a fire at a ski resort in northwestern Türkiye. The country's Interior Minister says nine people have been detained in connection with the incident.

The Haqqani Network, one of Afghanistan's most lethal and resilient insurgent groups, has grown into a hybrid entity, functioning as both a terrorist organization and a political power broker. Its rise is deeply intertwined with decades of flawed U.S. foreign policy, including the Cold War-era support it received as part of the anti-Soviet mujahideen. Fueled by billions of dollars funneled through CIA programs like Operation Cyclone, the Haqqani Network leveraged these resources to build a robust infrastructure and financial networks. Post-9/11, U.S. reliance on Pakistan as a strategic ally allowed the Haqqani Network to thrive under the protection of Pakistan's ISI, despite its role in high-profile attacks against U.S. and NATO forces. This dynamic has created a paradox where the United States inadvertently bolstered an enemy, prioritizing short-term goals over the long-term consequences of such alliances.In recent years, the Haqqani Network has expanded its influence through strategic manipulation of alliances, including facilitating ISIS operations to obscure its direct involvement in atrocities. With Sirajuddin Haqqani now serving as Afghanistan's Interior Minister under the Taliban, the network has entrenched itself as a major player in regional geopolitics, using its power to destabilize adversaries and maintain its dominance. The enduring threat of the Haqqani Network is a stark reminder of the unintended consequences of U.S. intervention and its failure to address Pakistan's duplicity. Moving forward, the Haqqani Network's legacy serves as both a cautionary tale and an urgent call for a reassessment of U.S. counterterrorism strategies to prevent further entrenchment of such extremist groups.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com

The Haqqani Network, one of Afghanistan's most lethal and resilient insurgent groups, has grown into a hybrid entity, functioning as both a terrorist organization and a political power broker. Its rise is deeply intertwined with decades of flawed U.S. foreign policy, including the Cold War-era support it received as part of the anti-Soviet mujahideen. Fueled by billions of dollars funneled through CIA programs like Operation Cyclone, the Haqqani Network leveraged these resources to build a robust infrastructure and financial networks. Post-9/11, U.S. reliance on Pakistan as a strategic ally allowed the Haqqani Network to thrive under the protection of Pakistan's ISI, despite its role in high-profile attacks against U.S. and NATO forces. This dynamic has created a paradox where the United States inadvertently bolstered an enemy, prioritizing short-term goals over the long-term consequences of such alliances.In recent years, the Haqqani Network has expanded its influence through strategic manipulation of alliances, including facilitating ISIS operations to obscure its direct involvement in atrocities. With Sirajuddin Haqqani now serving as Afghanistan's Interior Minister under the Taliban, the network has entrenched itself as a major player in regional geopolitics, using its power to destabilize adversaries and maintain its dominance. The enduring threat of the Haqqani Network is a stark reminder of the unintended consequences of U.S. intervention and its failure to address Pakistan's duplicity. Moving forward, the Haqqani Network's legacy serves as both a cautionary tale and an urgent call for a reassessment of U.S. counterterrorism strategies to prevent further entrenchment of such extremist groups.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.com

The Haqqani Network, one of Afghanistan's most lethal and resilient insurgent groups, has grown into a hybrid entity, functioning as both a terrorist organization and a political power broker. Its rise is deeply intertwined with decades of flawed U.S. foreign policy, including the Cold War-era support it received as part of the anti-Soviet mujahideen. Fueled by billions of dollars funneled through CIA programs like Operation Cyclone, the Haqqani Network leveraged these resources to build a robust infrastructure and financial networks. Post-9/11, U.S. reliance on Pakistan as a strategic ally allowed the Haqqani Network to thrive under the protection of Pakistan's ISI, despite its role in high-profile attacks against U.S. and NATO forces. This dynamic has created a paradox where the United States inadvertently bolstered an enemy, prioritizing short-term goals over the long-term consequences of such alliances.In recent years, the Haqqani Network has expanded its influence through strategic manipulation of alliances, including facilitating ISIS operations to obscure its direct involvement in atrocities. With Sirajuddin Haqqani now serving as Afghanistan's Interior Minister under the Taliban, the network has entrenched itself as a major player in regional geopolitics, using its power to destabilize adversaries and maintain its dominance. The enduring threat of the Haqqani Network is a stark reminder of the unintended consequences of U.S. intervention and its failure to address Pakistan's duplicity. Moving forward, the Haqqani Network's legacy serves as both a cautionary tale and an urgent call for a reassessment of U.S. counterterrorism strategies to prevent further entrenchment of such extremist groups.to contact me:bobbycapucci@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-epstein-chronicles--5003294/support.

Former minister Soylu maintains Turkey's $15B citizenship program “is correct,” bringing investment and employment to the country.View the full article here.Subscribe to the IMI Daily newsletter here.

This week, Notes from Poland editor-at-large Stanley Bill talks about the Polish government's controversial new migration strategy with deputy interior minister Maciej Duszczyk.They discuss accusations of a "nativist" shift in migration policy among mainstream liberals in Poland and across Europe; the Tusk government's proposals to suspend the right to apply for asylum; the wider transformation of Poland into a major immigration country; and the Polish government's plans to avoid the "mistakes" of Western Europe in the integration of migrants.Producer: Sebastian LeśniewskiSupport the show

fWotD Episode 2688: September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Friday, 13 September 2024 is September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt.The September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt took place before dawn on September 13, 1964, when the ruling military junta of South Vietnam, led by General Nguyễn Khánh, was threatened by a coup attempt headed by Generals Lâm Văn Phát and Dương Văn Đức, who sent dissident units into the capital Saigon. They captured various key points and announced over national radio the overthrow of the incumbent regime. With the help of the Americans, Khánh was able to rally support and the coup collapsed the next morning without any casualties.In the immediate month leading up the coup, Khánh's leadership had become increasingly troubled. He had tried to augment his powers by declaring a state of emergency, but this only provoked large-scale protests and riots calling for an end to military rule, with Buddhist activists at the forefront. Fearful of losing power, Khánh began making concessions to the protesters and promised democracy in the near future. He also removed several military officials closely linked to the discriminatory Catholic rule of the slain former President Ngô Đình Diệm; this response to Buddhist pressure dismayed several Catholic officers, who made a few abortive moves to remove him from power.In part because of pressure from Buddhist protests, Khánh removed the Catholics Phát and Đức from the posts of Interior Minister and IV Corps commander, respectively. They responded with a coup supported by the Catholic-aligned Đại Việt Quốc dân đảng, as well as General Trần Thiện Khiêm, a Catholic who had helped Khánh to power. Having captured the radio station, Phát then made a broadcast promising to revive Diệm's policies. Khánh managed to evade capture and, during the first stage of the coup, there was little activity as most senior officers failed to support either side. Throughout the day, Khánh gradually rallied more allies and the U. S. remained supportive of his rule and pressured the rebels to give up. With the backing of Air Marshal Nguyễn Cao Kỳ, commander of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force, and General Nguyễn Chánh Thi, Khánh was able to force Phát and Đức to capitulate the next morning, September 14. Đức, Kỳ and Thi then appeared at a media conference where they denied that any coup had taken place and put on a choreographed display of unity, claiming that nobody would be prosecuted over the events.Convinced that Khiêm was involved in the plot, Khánh had him exiled to Washington as ambassador, and eased General Dương Văn Minh out of the political scene, thereby removing the other two nominal members of the ruling triumvirate. However, concerned that Kỳ and Thi had become too powerful, Khánh had Phát and Đức acquitted at their military trial in an attempt to use them as political counterweights. Despite his survival, the coup was seen by the historian George McTurnan Kahin as the start of Khánh's ultimate political decline. Due to the intervention of Kỳ and Thi, Khánh was now indebted to them, and in an attempt to maintain his power in the face of increasing military opposition, he tried to court support from Buddhist civilian activists, who supported negotiations with the communists to end the Vietnam War. As the Americans were strongly opposed to such policies, relations with Khánh became increasingly strained and he was deposed in February 1965 with US connivance.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:03 UTC on Friday, 13 September 2024.For the full current version of the article, see September 1964 South Vietnamese coup attempt on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Amy.

Interior Minister rejects allegations he tried to bribe NDC mps with slots in the security agencies.

Interior Minister clashes with the national chairman of the NDC over allegations of attempting to bribe NDC mps.

Speaker of Parliament, Alban Bagbin has ordered an investigation into a video showing some immigration officers assaulting a woman at the Aflao Border in the Ketu South Municipality.

Henry Quartey has challenged the NDC to provide evidence for their claims that the government is illegally recruiting NPP foot soldiers into security service

The Minority alleges that the government is unlawfully enlisting NPP members into security roles for the upcoming elections. Listen as Interior Minister Henry Quartey clashes with Buem MP Kofi Iddie Adams over this accusation.

Good afternoon, I'm _____ with today's episode of EZ News. Tai-Ex opening The Tai-Ex opened up 115-points this morning from Friday's close, at 20,235 on turnover of 6.5-billion N-T. The market moved sharply higher on Friday on buying in the bellwether electronics sector. The buying was fueled by a rally among semiconductor stocks on Wall Street overnight. Tsai Admin. Can's Accept China's Eased Rules on Travel to Matsu The government is urging Beijing to resume bilateral exchanges "without preconditions." The call comes after Chinese authorities said that tourists will once again be allowed to travel from Fujian Province to Matsu. The eased travel restrictions were announced following a meeting in Beijing between China's deputy minister of culture and tourism and a legislative delegation. The delegation was led by K-M-T caucus whip Fu Kun-chi as part of their three-day trip to China. According to Interior Minister, Lin You-chang, "equitable exchanges" between the two sides are a "shared expectation and consensus (共識)" among the Taiwanese people. The official says such exchanges should occur without preconditions or any type of political considerations. Food Poisoning Cases from Kaohsiung Buffet rise to 46 Fourty-six people have now sought medical attention for suspected food poisoning symptoms after dining at an upscale buffet restaurant in Kaohsiung. The department says has sent food safety inspectors to the Hi-Lai Harbour restaurant branch at Kaohsiung Arena. This is after being notified (通知) of the incident by a hospital where one of the diners was being treated. Health inspectors collected 20 samples of food items and from its kitchen, including salads, oysters and sashimi. They found signs of cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods. All of the samples are still being tested. US Arrests on Campuses as Protesters Demand Israel Ties be Cut From the US, arrests roil campuses nationwide ahead of graduation, as protesters demand Israel ties be cut. AP correspondent Julie Walker reports Australia PM says Violence Towards Women National Crisis Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has described domestic violence as a national crisis. Thousands rallied in cities around Australia on Sunday to draw attention to the deaths of 27 women so far this year allegedly caused by acts of gender-based violence. Albanese says today the rallies were a call to action for all levels of the Australian government to do more to prevent gender-based violence. The prime minister says he will host a meeting or Australian state and territory leaders on Wednesday to discuss a coordinated (協調的) response. Prince Harry Meghan to Visit Nigeria for Invictus Games Talks Nigerian defense officials say Prince Harry and his wife Meghan will visit the West African nation in May for talks about the Invictus Games. Harry founded the games to aid the rehabilitation (復原) of servicemembers and veterans. The Duke of Sussex is expected to make the trip after a service at London's St. Paul's Cathedral to mark the 10th anniversary of the games. The Invictus Games were founded by Harry in 2014. The event offers servicemembers and veterans the challenge of competing (競爭) in sports events similar to the Paralympics. Harry served in Afghanistan as an Apache helicopter copilot gunner in 2012-2013. He has championed veterans in need of assistance. That was the I.C.R.T. news, Check in again tomorrow for our simplified version of the news, uploaded every day in the afternoon. Enjoy the rest of your day, I'm _____. －－－－以下訊息由 SoundOn 動態廣告贊助商提供－－－－ 【00941】全台首檔鎖定半導體上游設備與材料廠的ETF 半導體不是只有護國神山，想投資真正的隱形英雄，力爭「上游」就對了！ 中信上游半導體(00941)，帶你與科技王者中的王者同行：https://bit.ly/3xMsIhf -- 城揚建設新推出的「陽明第一廳」 緊鄰三民區的明星學府-陽明國中 46~52坪，每層四戶兩部電梯 最適合有換屋與置產需求的你 讓生活中充滿書香、運動風，滿足食衣住行的消費需求 城揚建設 陽明第一廳 07-384-2888 https://bit.ly/4azoWGy

*) South Africa urges ICJ for new emergency measures against Israel South Africa has urged the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to implement additional provisional measures against Israel and to amend the ICJ's interim ruling in the ongoing genocide case. The ICJ acknowledged South Africa's urgent request, citing in quotes "new facts and changes in the situation in Gaza, particularly the situation of widespread starvation." According to the statement issued by the ICJ, South Africa alleges that Israel's actions in Gaza constitute breaches of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, as well as violations of the provisional measures issued by the court in January. *) China supports 'full' UN membership of Palestinian state China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi, has declared Beijing's support for granting full United Nations membership to the Palestinian state. He said in quotes, "The long-cherished wish of the Palestinian people to establish an independent country can no longer be evaded." Addressing the recent events in Gaza, Yi emphasised that the prolonged occupation of Palestinian territories can no longer be overlooked, pointing to the urgent need for international attention. *) US authorised more than 100 weapons sales to Israel, including thousands of bombs: report A new report has exposed that the US has discreetly approved more than 100 weapons sales to Israel since the beginning of Israel's war on Gaza in October. US officials confirmed that the sales encompassed a range of weaponry, including thousands of precision-guided munitions, small-diameter bombs, bunker busters, small arms, and other lethal aid. Notably, some transfers remained under the radar, escaping public scrutiny due to falling below specific dollar amounts that necessitate individual notifications to Congress. *) Senegal's Sall dissolves govt, announces new date for presidential election The Senegalese President Macky Sall has dissolved the government and appointed the previous Interior Minister as the new prime minister. The presidential election, originally slated for June 2, 2024, has now been rescheduled to March 24 of the same year. The government spokesman confirmed these developments in an official statement. The decision follows the rejection by Senegal's top constitutional body of a proposal to hold the presidential vote on June 2, emphasising the necessity of conducting the elections before President Sall's mandate expires on April 2. *) First Arab woman to graduate NASA training has her sights set on Moon Nora al Matrooshi, a 30-year-old Emirati woman, has etched her name in history as the first Arab woman to successfully complete NASA's demanding astronaut training program. Hailing from a mechanical engineering background and having worked in the oil industry, Al Matrooshi was selected by the United Arab Emirates Space Agency in 2021 as one of two astronaut candidates. It granted her access to NASA's comprehensive training programme, affirming her commitment to the exploration of outer space.

Karim Benzema takes legal action against France Interior Minister Darmanin but why? Karim Mostafa Benzema is a French professional footballer who plays as a striker for and captains Saudi Pro League club Al-Ittihad. Gérald Moussa Darmanin is a French politician who has been serving as Minister of the Interior in the governments of Prime Ministers Jean Castex, Élisabeth Borne and Gabriel Attal.

As hospitals in Gaza remain in the line of fire, WHO spokesperson Dr Margaret Harris called the unfolding crisis 'dire and getting worse'. We hear from one of the senior advisors of Israel's Prime Minister, Mark Regev, about Israel's military decision in regards to hospitals. Also in our programme: the LGBTQ+ community in Poland at a crucial political junction; and old faces join Rishi Sunak's new top team, as the British Prime Minister reshuffles his cabinet after sacking his controversial Interior Minister. (Photo: Newborns are placed on bed after being taken off incubators in Gaza's Al Shifa after power outage. Credit: image obtained via Reuters).

AP correspondent Charles de Ledesma reports on Britain Politics-Braverman.

*) No one pursuing hostility towards Türkiye emerges victorious: Erdogan Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has criticised those who are trying to give democracy lessons to Türkiye, noting they turn a blind eye to hate crimes against Turks and Muslims, especially amid rising Islamophobia. In a speech at the Turkish Parliament on Sunday, Erdogan underscored Türkiye's critical role from Karabakh to Libya and Syria to Somalia, insisting, "No country, no society, no institution that pursues a hostile policy towards Türkiye emerges victorious in the end." In the meantime, Turkish warplanes carried out airstrikes on PKK positions in northern Iraq, in accordance with the UN's right to self-defence, the Turkish Defence Ministry has announced. Erdogan's comments and the anti-terror operation came after two terrorists attacked the Turkish Interior Ministry, in the nation's capital, Ankara, hours before his speech in parliament. *) Children among several dead, injured in Mexico church roof collapse The roof of a church collapsed in northern Mexico, during a Mass, killing at least nine people and injuring around 50, authorities said. Search teams probed in the wreckage late into the night, looking for survivors and other victims. The number of young victims — police officers said three of the dead were children — may have been due to the fact that baptisms were to take place at the church. The diocese later posted a list of about 50 people who had been hospitalised, as a result of the accident. Approximately 30 parishioners were believed to have been trapped in the rubble l, when the roof caved in, officials said. *) Serbia tried to annex northern Kosovo in recent attack: Pristina Kosovo said it has evidence Serbia was trying to annex its northern region and that recent attackers had been preparing for this for a long time at military bases. ''This terrorist organisation had only one purpose: the annexation of the north of the Republic of Kosovo,” the Interior Minister said on Sunday. According to the minister, the Serbian President, Defence Minister and Army Chief of Staff were directly engaged in the attempt. *) UN to vote on sending peacekeepers to Haiti The United Nations Security Council is set to vote to approve the deployment of foreign police to Haiti and to authorise the use of force to help the Caribbean nation combat violent gangs that have largely overrun the capital Port-au-Prince. A US-drafted resolution would also expand a UN arms embargo that currently applies only to designated individuals to include all gangs, which China wanted. Haitian officials have said guns used by gangs are believed to be mostly imported from the United States. Haiti asked nearly a year ago for international help. *) Japanese start-up develops high-tech robot inspired by 'Gundam' Tokyo-based start-up Tsubame Industries has developed a 4.5-metre-tall, four-wheeled robot that looks like "Mobile Suit Gundam" from the wildly popular Japanese animation series, and it can be yours for $3 million. Called ARCHAX, after a avian dinosaur, the robot has cockpit monitors that receive images from cameras hooked up to the exterior, so the pilot can manoeuvre the arms and hands with joysticks from inside its torso. The 3.5-tonne robot, to be unveiled at the Japan Mobility Show later this month, has two modes: the upright "robot mode" and a "vehicle mode" in which it can travel up to 10 km per hour.

Last updated : 2023.07.25 The latest news from home and abroad, with a close eye on Northeast Asia and the Korean Peninsula in particular

*) Fury in Israel after 'lenient' police chief is ousted by Netanyahu ally Thousands of protesters have blocked Tel Aviv's main highway and intersections across Israel in an outburst of anger following the forced resignation of the city's popular police chief. Ami Eshed announced on late Wednesday that he was leaving the Israeli police force under what he said was political pressure. Eshed has regularly clashed with the country's hardline National Security Minister, Itamar Ben-Gvir, who has demanded that police take a tougher stance against months of anti-government protests. *) Azerbaijani leader urges Macron to apologise over French colonialism Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev has accused France of being one of the countries which continue their neocolonial policy. Aliyev urged French President Emmanuel Macron to apologise to the countries affected by French colonialism. He also said racist and discriminative rhetoric has become common in France, including in the media. *) Children in conflict zones faced over 27,000 'grave violations' in 2022 Children experienced the highest number of "grave violations" in conflicts verified by the United Nations in 2022, the UN children's agency has said. Omar Abdi, UNICEF's deputy executive director, told the UN Security Council more than 27,000 grave violations, the highest number verified by the UN since its monitoring reports began in 2005. UNICEF expressed particular concern about their plight in Palestine, Somalia, Haiti, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Ukraine. *) Dozens dead as bus careens into gulch in southern Mexico A bus travelling through the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca (Woahaka) has crashed into a ravine, killing 27 people, authorities said. The accident left 13 men, 13 women and an infant boy dead, state's Interior Minister said in a press conference. Another 21 people were injured, of whom 12 are in critical condition, the minister added. *) Meta launches Threads, its answer to Twitter Meta has officially launched Threads, its text-based Twitter rival, but its release in Europe has been delayed over regulatory concerns. "Let's do this. Welcome to Threads," wrote Meta chief executive and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg in his first post on the new platform. Threads is the biggest challenger yet to Elon Musk-owned Twitter, which has seen a series of potential competitors emerge but not yet replace one of the social media's most iconic companies, despite its epic struggles.

Sometimes the Beltway lingo collapses under the weight of its own idiocy. Yesterday was such a day when Congressman Michael Waltz asked USAID Director Samantha Powers if U.S. money was going to terrorists in Afghanistan. The Director reframed his "yes or no" question into "Congressman, I think you are asking for more visibility into the granularity' of U.N. controls on American aid dollars." He wasn't, and he said so, but wow, what a phrase. Plus Senator Josh Hawley talks about his new book "Manhood."See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this Chronicles Tifosi Patreon members-only episode preview: Napoli ultras and club owner, Aurelio De Laurentis, buried the hatchet after being in conflict for some time, and the owner even being under police guard, in a peace deal brokered by Italy's Interior Minister. Yes, you read that correctly! Nicky Bandini tells us this very Italian story... ****** To listen to this episode and ALL FULL EPISODES OF SERIE A CHRONICLES 100% AD-FREE join the Chronicles Tifosi Patreon community with a FREE 14 DAY TRIAL at serieachronicles.com/patreon. ****** This episode is sponsored by Calido Media. Talk to the team to discuss your digital strategy to fire up your business, connect to your ideal audience, and communicate your message: calidomedia.com.au. ****** Sponsor the show: See serieachronicles.com/sponsor. ****** Follow us: YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram. Please give us a rating and review on Apple Podcasts. Serie A Chronicles is a Media Chronicles production. Digital content and social media by Calido Media. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ahsan Iqbal comes on The Pakistan Experience for a deep dive podcast ranging from Maryam Nawaz's role in the party, to PML-N's communication strategy, from Economic Policies, to judging the current PDM Government, from Student Unions to Dynastic Politics; Ahsan Iqbal discusses politics, economics, and polarization with us. Are Shahid Khaqqan Abbasi and Miftah Ismail leaving PML-N? What is PML-N's strategy to win the 2023 Elections? What are the reasons for PTI's popularity? What Economic policies will save Pakistan? Find out this and more on this week's episode of The Pakistan Experience. Ahsan Iqbal, the current Federal Minister for Planning and Development and the General Secretary of PML-N. He was a member of the National Assembly 1993 to 1999 and 2008 to 2018, and has also served as the Interior Minister. The Pakistan Experience is an independently produced podcast looking to tell stories about Pakistan through conversations. Please consider supporting us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thepakistanexperience To support the channel: Jazzcash/Easypaisa - 0325 -2982912 Patreon.com/thepakistanexperience And Please stay in touch: https://twitter.com/ThePakistanExp1 https://www.facebook.com/thepakistanexperience https://instagram.com/thepakistanexpeperience The podcast is hosted by comedian and writer, Shehzad Ghias Shaikh. Shehzad is a Fulbright scholar with a Masters in Theatre from Brooklyn College. He is also one of the foremost Stand-up comedians in Pakistan and frequently writes for numerous publications. Instagram.com/shehzadghiasshaikh Facebook.com/Shehzadghias/ Twitter.com/shehzad89 Chapters: 0:00 Shahid Khaqqan Abbasi, Maryam NAwaz and Dynastic Politics in PML-N 13:51 Student Unions and the Economy 27:57 PML N media strategy, political values, PDM and the establishment 39:13 Political instability and elections, 48:49 Reasons for PTI popularity, PMLN accomplishments 58:55 Economic policies, budgets, exports, resources, shifting focus to agriculture 1:11:32 Audience Questions

"George Santos is cut from the same cloth as Donald Trump," Zev Shalev notes as Season 4 of Narativ Live gets underway. On the season premiere of the podcast, Zev Shalev probes the GOP, the party's new agenda under the speakership of Kevin McCarthy, and investigates its newest House member, George Santos. Zev exclusively reveals that Santos has indirect foreign intelligence ties.  Shalev also talks to Narativ's Ukraine analyst Michael Mackay about a helicopter crash that killed Ukraine's Interior Minister. ----------- A personal note from Zev: Thank you for watching Narativ's podcast. I am so thankful for your support now and since 2016, but I can't continue to produce these shows without your support. Please consider joining the hundreds of exceptional Narativ patrons on Patreon whose support allows me to bring the truth to you. ------------ You can watch the live taping of this and other Narativ LIve episodes on a new day and time, Wednesday at 8 PM ET, by following Zev at twitter.com/zevshalev. ------------- COMING SOON: "SPY MURDOCH": A new Narativ original serial about Rupert Murdoch's role in espionage attacks. Available to NARATIV premium subscribers who join Narativ on Patreon at patreon.com/narativ or Narativ's new YouTube premium channel at Youtube.com/@narativTV (click on the 'join' button). Prices will change as we get closer to the series premiere. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

"George Santos is cut from the same cloth as Donald Trump," Zev Shalev notes as Season 4 of Narativ Live gets underway. On the season premiere of the podcast, Zev Shalev probes the GOP, the party's new agenda under the speakership of Kevin McCarthy, and investigates its newest House member, George Santos. Zev exclusively reveals that Santos has indirect foreign intelligence ties.  Shalev also talks to Narativ's Ukraine analyst Michael Mackay about a helicopter crash that killed Ukraine's Interior Minister. ----------- A personal note from Zev:  Thank you for watching Narativ's podcast. I am so thankful for your support now and since 2016, but I can't continue to produce these shows without your support. Please consider joining the hundreds of exceptional Narativ patrons on Patreon whose support allows me to bring the truth to you. ------------ You can watch the live taping of this and other Narativ LIve episodes on a new day and time, Wednesday at 8 PM ET, by following Zev at twitter.com/zevshalev. ------------- COMING SOON: "SPY MURDOCH": A new Narativ original serial about Rupert Murdoch's role in espionage attacks. Available to NARATIV premium subscribers who join Narativ on Patreon at patreon.com/narativ or Narativ's new YouTube premium channel at Youtube.com/@narativTV (click on the 'join' button). Prices will change as we get closer to the series premiere.

Helicopter crash kills Ukrainian interior minister. New Zealand's Ardern to step down in February. New refugee program lets US citizens be sponsors. You can subscribe to Five Minute News with Anthony Davis on YouTube, with your preferred podcast app, ask your smart speaker, or enable Five Minute News as your Amazon Alexa Flash Briefing skill.  Subscribe, rate and review at www.fiveminute.news  Five Minute News is an Evergreen Podcast, covering politics, inequality, health and climate - delivering independent, unbiased and essential world news, daily.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

For the first time in nearly 11 months of war with Russia, a Ukrainian cabinet member is dead. Interior Minister Denys Monastyrskyi was killed when his helicopter went down in a suburb of Kyiv. In all, at least 14 people died in the crash. Among them, at least one child was killed on the ground. Nick Schifrin reports. PBS NewsHour is supported by - https://www.pbs.org/newshour/about/funders

A helicopter crash in a suburb of the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv has killed Ukraine's Interior Minister and more than a dozen people including a child. Hours after the crash Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy addressed world leaders and business experts at the World Economic Forum, calling for a moment of silence for the victims of the crash and world unity in support against Russia. FOX's Eben Brown speaks with FOX's Alex Hogan, in Kyiv, Ukraine, about the tragic crash and Zelenskyy's address in Davos, Switzerland. Click Here To Follow 'The FOX News Rundown: Evening Edition' Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The three main figures in Ukraine's interior ministry have been killed when their helicopter crashed into a nursery in an eastern suburb of the capital Kyiv. Ukraine's interior minister, Denys Monastyrsky, died in the incident, along with his first deputy minister and state secretary. We'll speak to a member of Ukraine's parliament who knew and worked with the minister. Also in the programme: How the senior UN delegation in Afghanistan is trying to get the Taliban to reverse its ban on women working for humanitarian organisations; why Pacific Islanders are worried about Japan's plan to dump wastewater from the Fukushima plant into the ocean; and the unique way that Finland punches above it's weight on the world stage. (Photo shows Ukraine's Interior Minister Denys Monastyrsky during an interview in Kyiv in June 2022. Credit: Sergei Supinsky/AFP)

The U.S. Justice Department considered but rejected a role in monitoring a search for classified documents at President Biden's homes. Microsoft plans to announce more layoffs as soon as today. Keith Collins hosts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In breaking news this morning, Ukraine's Interior minister and 17 others were killed in a helicopter crash in Kyiv, along with other senior officials. Twenty-nine people were injured, including 15 children. Just days into the start of the new Congress, articles of impeachment against DHS Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas have been drafted by House Republicans. But not all of the GOP is on board. With House committee assignments at the center of controversy on Jan. 17, House Speaker Kevin McCarthy is following through on his promise to shuffle things up. ⭕️ Watch in-depth videos based on Truth & Tradition at Epoch TV

A helicopter crash near Kyiv killed more than a dozen people, including the country's interior minister.

Welcome to The Times of Israel's Daily Briefing, your 15-minute audio update on what's happening in Israel, the Middle East and the Jewish world, from Sunday through Thursday. Legal and settlements reporter Jeremy Sharon and Diaspora Affairs correspondent Judah Ari Gross join host Amanda Borschel-Dan in today's episode. Yesterday, Attorney General Gali Baharav-Miara announced Tuesday that she will not defend the appointment of Shas leader Aryeh Deri as interior minister and health minister in High Court of Justice proceedings. How rare is this refusal? Gross reported on a first announced Deri policy as Interior Minister in which new immigrants will be required to prove they've settled in Israel in order to be eligible for an Israeli passport. What is required to enact this? On Monday, the state informed the High Court that rather than demolish the Homesh outpost, it had decided to legalize it by repealing part of the 2005 disengagement law. What was the reason to demolish the settlement then, and how is the state justifying this reversal? Israeli and Diaspora-based heads of top international Zionist groups sent a joint letter to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, warning him against his incoming government's plan to alter the Law of Return. Gross explains what is unique about this move. Yesterday, Poland said it has been informed by Germany that it does not intend to engage in negotiations on any World War II reparations to Warsaw as Berlin considers the matter closed. Has the country exhausted all options? Discussed articles include: AG refuses to defend government in court against petitions over Deri's appointment Netanyahu meets AG for tense talks, reportedly on plan to split her role into two New immigrants will need to prove they've settled in Israel before getting passports High Court demands government explain refusal to demolish Homesh outpost Leaders of top Zionist bodies warn Netanyahu against altering Law of Return Germany rejects Poland's request for $1.4 trillion in WWII reparations, says Warsaw Subscribe to The Times of Israel Daily Briefing on iTunes, Spotify, PlayerFM, Google Play, or wherever you get your podcasts. IMAGE: Attorney General Gali Baharav-Miara attends a conference at the University of Haifa, December 15, 2022. (Shir Torem/Flash90)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Guest: Dahye Jung, Reporter1. The ruling and opposition parties were at odds with each other over a parliamentary probe into the 10.29 tragedy2. YTN promotes in-company disciplinary action for President Yoon Seok-yeol's rehearsal video3. The Interior Minister 이상민 is once again at the centre of criticism, due to the president's year-end gifts.4. The DP accepted the reinstatement of 박지원, former chief of the National Intelligence Service5. PPP has finally decided to revise the convention rules to only reflect votes of the prayer members6. The country's unmanned space vehicle 다누리 has successfully taken its initial step to enter the orbit of the moon1. 野3당, 이태원 국정조사 ‘개문발차'… 與 “합의 위반” 반발 2. YTN, 윤석열 대통령 리허설 '돌발영상'에 사내 징계 추진 3. 야당 “대통령 선물, 100% 중국산 땅콩·미국산 호두···이상민 책임”4. 민주, 찬반 논란 속 박지원 복당 승인… 이재명이 총대5. 국민의힘, ‘민심 0% 반영' 대표 선출 규정 변경6. 다누리 달궤도 진입 성공… 한국 첫 달탐사 ‘9부능선'See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

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