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This episode we are covering the end of the reign of Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou.  We cover the events in the Chronicles, including the death of Nakatomi no Kamatari, the creation of the Fujiwara family, the destruction of Goguryeo, and the continued development of the Baekje refugees. For more, check out the podcast blog at: https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-128 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 128: Immigrants, Princes, and High Officials. There was a pall over the house, despite the visiting royal retinue creating something of a stir,.  While craftspeople were still hard at work repairing damage from the lightning strike only a few months earlier, that wasn't the reason for the low spirits.  Rather, the house was worried for their patriarch, the Naidaijin, Nakatomi no Kamatari.  He had fallen ill, and despite all the pleas to the kami and the Buddhas , it seemed the end might be near. And so even the sovereign himself had come.  Kamatari was not just a loyal official, but  a close friend of the sovereign, someone who had been there since the beginning.  And so we can imagine how Naka no Oe felt.  He may have been the sovereign of Yamato, but he was still a human being, visiting his friend of some 30 or so years, knowing that for all of the power that he held, there was nothing he could do against the ravages of time and disease.     The year is 668—Naka no Oe has moved the capital to Ohotsu, on the banks of Lake Biwa, and has formally assumed the throne. This episode we are going to cover the last several years of Naka no Oe's reign.  In contrast to last week's dive into Yamato science, this week is going to be a bit of a grab bag, looking at what was going on in Yamato and talking about what was recorded in the Chronicles. And for the most part, the entries for the rest of the year 668 are fairly normal, and yet there are some oddities… For instance, in the fourth month we are told that Baekje sent Mitosapu and others to offer tribute.  And any other time that would be just a normal thing.  Except that at this point in history, Baekje was about as going a concern as a parrot in a Monty Python sketch.  So if the Kingdom of Baekje was no longer a thing, who was it that was sending the tribute? Most likely it was the Baekje communities in exile living in the archipelago.  Remember how many of them had settled around Biwa and in 666, two thousand Baekje people were settled somewhere in the East.  These immigrants  were still being supported by the Yamato government, who were basically subsidizing their settlement for the first three years, during which time they would be expected to make it into a permanent settlement. Based on the way the Chronicles talk about it, these early Baekje communities sound like they were maintaining a kind of kingdom in exile.  With many immigrants from Baekje living together in proximity, they were likely keeping their own groups, with their own language and traditions, at least for now.  It would be interesting to know if there were specific Baekje settlements that have been identified through the archaeological record.   That said, we definitely see Baekje's mark on the archipelago: Physically, there are the Baekje style castles, and various temples following Baekje style layouts.  Of course there were also continental building styles, but some of that was shared across multiple cultures at this point, and one should consider how much Baekje influence might have been found in things that we later see as Japanese. Additionally, Baekje nobles were involved in the court, often given court rank based in part on their rank in Baekje, though it wasn't quite equivalent.  Still,  in time, some of the nobles would trace their lineages back to Baekje nobles and princes. Speaking of princes and Baekje, on the fifth day of the fifth month of 668 —a day that would come to be known as Ayame no hi, or Tango no Sekku, one of the major days of court ceremony—Naka no Oe went out hunting on the moor of Kamafu, known today as Gamou district, near Kanzaki, where 400 Baekje people had been settled.  He was out there with the Crown Prince, his younger brother, aka Prince Ohoama, and all the other princes and ministers.  A grand outing. A month later, however, tragedy struck.  One “Prince Ise” and his younger brother died on consecutive days.  While this was undoubtedly a blow to the court, the interesting thing for our purposes – which also highlights the challenge of interpreting the Chronicles is that we aren't exactly sure who this is referring to.  It's not the first time we've seen this title: we first see a “Prince Ise” show up around 650, during the presentation of the white pheasant that ushered in the Hakuho era, but we later see that that individual had passed away in 661.  We also see the name show up less than 20 years later in the Chronicles for another prince, so this can't be the same.  So this is clearly a position or title for a prince, but it isn't clear if it was passed down or inherited.   One possibility is that “Prince Ise” or “Prince of Ise” was a title for one of the royal sons. IAt this point in the narrative, Naka no Oe had three sons.  Prince Takeru had passed away at the age of 8, but he also had Prince Kawajima, Prince Shiki, and Prince Iga, aka Prince Ohotomo, all sons of “palace women”.  We know, though, that these princes show up later, so I don't think the so-called Prince Ise was one of them.  Perhaps another line?   The term “Prince” might also refer to something other than a royal son.  You see, English translators have often been somewhat cavalier with the way we tend to render titles.  The English term “Prince” has  been used for “Hiko”, “Miko”, or “Ou” (which was probably pronounced “Miko” in many of these cases).  And in English, we often think of “Prince” as the son of a king, but “Prince” can also be an independent ruler of a principality, or may just refer to a person with power in a monarchic state.  Even the term “king” is not unambiguous—early European accounts of Japan during the Warring States period often refer to the various daimyou as “kings”, given the often absolute dominion with which they apparently ruled their particular domains. At this time, the term “Miko”  (also pronounced “ouji”, or “koushi”, or even “sume-miko”) seems rather unambiguously to refer to a “royal prince”, from the lineage of the sovereign.  The term “Ou”, which also seems to be read as “Miko” in some cases, is also the term for “King” and probably more broadly fits the concept of a “prince” as a ruler.  However, in this case, it seems to be equal to the term “Miko”, and may have been used almost interchangeably for a time, though later it would be used to refer to members of princely rank who were not directly related to a reigning sovereign—the grandchildren and so forth of royal princes who did not go on to inherit. In this case, I think the best we can say for certain is that Prince Ise—or the Prince of Ise—was someone important enough to be included in the chronicles – but who he was, exactly, will remain a mystery for now. The following month, the 7th month, was chock full of activities.  First of all, Goguryeo sent envoys by way of Koshi—meaning they landed on the Japan Sea side, probably around Tsuruga.  While this may just have been closer, I suspect it meant they avoided any Tang entanglements traveling through the Bohai sea.  They did run into a spot of trouble, however, as the winds and waves prevented their return. Koshi also shows up as presenting some strange gifts to the court:  burning earth and burning water.  There is some thought that maybe this is something like coal or natural oil deposits. We are also told that in this month, Prince Kurikuma was appointed the governor of Tsukushi.  Kurikuma no Ou appears to have been the grandson—or possibly great-grandson—of the sovereign, Nunakura, aka Bidatsu Tennou.  The position Kurikuma was given was important, of course, overseeing the Dazai, which meant overseeing anyone traveling to the archipelago from the continent. This would be a relatively short-lived appointment—this time.  He would be re-appointed about three years later, which would prove important, as he would be governor there during some particularly momentous events.    Stories appear to have continued about him in the Nagasaki region, and various families traced their lineage back to him. Also in that month, we are told that Afumi, home of the new capital, practiced military exercises—likely in preparation in case of a future Tang or Silla invasion.  Recall we discussed in Episode 126 how the choice of Afumi as a capital site might have been related to its defensibility in the event of such an invasion. At the same time, the court entertained Emishi envoys, and the toneri, by royal command, held banquets in various places. There is also mention of a shore-pavillion, presumably at Lake Biwa, where fish of various kinds came, covering the water.  Interestingly enough, there is another story of a “shore pavilion”, likely the same one, in the Fujiwara Family Record, the Toushi Kaden.  We are told that Prince Ohoama – Naka no Oe's younger brother spiked a large spear through a plank of wood in some kind of feat of strength.  This apparently shocked Naka no Oe, who saw it aa  kind of threat—perhaps seeing that his five-years younger brother was still hale and healthy.  Granted, Naka no Oe was only in his 40s, but his brother Ohoama was in his later 30s.  We are also told that at this time, in 668, Naka no Oe was apparently not doing so well, with people wondering if he would be with them much longer. The Toshi Kaden account seems rather surprising in that it claims Naka no Oe was so shocked by this proof of his brother's vitality that he wanted to have him put to death, suggesting to me that he felt that Ohoama might be a threat to him and his rule.  Ultimately, though, he was talked out of this by his old friend, Nakatomi no Kamatari – the one whom he had plotted with to overthrow the Soga, and whose relationship was initiated by an interaction on the kemari field, as we discussed in Episode 106. Speaking of whom: Nakatomi no Kamatari was still Naijin, the Inner or Interior Minister, and so  quite prominent in the administration. In the 9th month, as a Silla envoy was visiting the court, Kamatari sent Buddhist priests Hoben and Shinpitsu to present a ship to the Prime Minister of Silla, which was given to the Silla envoy and his companions, and three days later, Fuse no Omi no Mimimaro was sent with a ship meant for the King of Silla as well. This incident is also recounted in the Toshi Kaden.  In this case it says that the people, hearing about the gifts to Silla, were quite upset.  After all, it stands to reason:  Yamato was still smarting from their defeat at the hands of Tang and Silla forces, and building up defenses in case of an attack.  They'd also taken in a number of Baekje nobles and families, who may have also had some influence on the court.  We are told that Kamatari himself excused all of this by stating that “All under heaven must be the sovereign's land.  The guests within its borders must be the sovereign's servants.”  In this case, all under heaven, or “Tenka”, is a common phrase used to describe a monarch's sovereignty over everything in the land.  And so, while Silla envoys were in Yamato as guests, they also fell under similar rules, and as such were considered, at least by Yamato, as the sovereign's servants and thus worthy of gifts. The Silla envoys stayed for over a month.  They finally departed by the 11th month of 668, carrying even more gifts, including silk and leather for the King and various private gifts for the ambassadors themselves.  The court even sent Chimori no Omi no Maro and Kishi no Woshibi back with the envoy as Yamato envoys to the Silla court. This all tells us that just as the Tang were working to woo Yamato, Silla was likely doing so as well.  And while Yamato might still begrudge the destruction of Baekje, they also had to face the political reality that Baekje was probably not going to be reinstated again—especially not while the Tang government was occupying the peninsula. So making nice with both Tang and Silla was prudent. Furthermore, though they had been visited by Goguryeo envoys earlier that year, Yamato may have had some inkling that Goguryeo was not in the most powerful position.  Ever since the death of Yeon Gaesomun, the Goguryeo court had been involved in infighting—as well as fighting their external enemies.  One of Gaesomun's sons had been exiled and had gone over to the Tang, no doubt providing intelligence as well as some amount of legitimacy.  What they may not have known was that as Yamato was hosting the Silla envoys, a new assault by the Tang-Silla alliance was advancing on Pyongyang and setting siege to the city.  The Nihon Shoki records that in the 10th month of 668 Duke Ying, the Tang commander-in-chief, destroyed Goguryeo. This would dramatically change the international political landscape.  Tang and Silla had been triumphant—Yamato's allies on the peninsula had been defeated, and what we know as the “Three Kingdoms” period of the Korean peninsula was over.  However, the situation was still fluid.  The peninsula was not unified by any sense of the imagination.  The Tang empire had their strategic positions from which they controlled parts of the peninsula and from which they had been supplying the war effort against Goguryeo.  They also likely had to occupy areas to ensure that nobody rose up and tried to reconstitute the defeated kingdoms.  In fact, there would be continued attempts to revive Goguryeo, as might be indicated in the name we use: by the 5th century, the country was actually using the name “Goryeo”, a shortened form of “Goguryeo”, but we continue to refer to it as “Goguryeo” to distinguish it from the country of the same name that would be established in 918, laying claim to that ancient Goguryeo identity. A bit of spoilers, but “Goryeo” is where we would eventually get the name that we know the region by, today:  “Korea”.  In the Nihon Shoki it is referred to as “Gaori”. But none of that could have been known at the time.  Instead, there was no doubt some exuberance on the side of both Silla and Tang, but that would settle into something of unease.  With Baekje and Goguryeo destroyed, Silla may have thought that Tang would leave, allowing them to solidify their hold and manage those territories as an ally.  If this is what they thought, though, I'm not sure they had run it by the Tang empire just yet. In the Yamato court, there appear to have been separate factions: a pro-Tang faction, and also a pro-Silla faction.  We have to assume, based on the actions in the record at this time, that this was a ongoing debate. The last thing I'll note for the year 668 is attempted theft.  The Buddhist priest Dougyou stole Kusanagi, the famous sword forming part of the imperial regalia, and escaped with it.  Kusanagi, you may recall, was the royal sword.  It was named “Kusanagi” or “grass cutter” because it is said that when Prince Yamato Takeru was subduing the eastern lands, he was surrounded in a field that had been set on fire, and he used Kusanagi to create a firebreak by cutting down all of the grass around him.  The sword was given to him by Yamato Hime, the Ise Princess at the time, and it was thought to have been first found by the god Susanowo inside of the legendary Yamata no Orochi.  We talked about this in Episodes 16, 34, and 35.  Yamato Takeru left the sword in Owari, and it would eventually live there, at Atsuta Jingu, Atsuta Shrine, its traditional home. It isn't clear if Dougyou obtained the sword from Owari or if it was being kept in the capital at the time.  It would have likely been brought out for Naka no Oe's coronation, but then it would probably have been returned to the shrine that was holding it. Dougyou tried to head to Silla with his illicit goods, but wind and rain forced him to turn back around.  This is a fascinating story and there's a lot to dive into here. So first off, let's point out that this is supposed to be a Buddhist priest.  What the heck was going on that he was going to try to run a heist on what are essentially the Crown Jewels of the Yamato crown?  While the sword, mirror, and jewel were still somewhat questionable as the sole three regalia, they were clearly important.  We aren't given Dougyou's motives.  We don't know enough about him.  Was he anti-Yamato or anti-Naka no Oe?  Was he actually a Buddhist priest of his own accord, or was he a priest because he was one of those who had been essentially conscripted into religious orders on behalf of some powerful noble?  Was he a Buddhist who wanted to attack the hold of the kami? Was he pro-Silla, or perhaps even a Silla descendant, trying to help Silla? Or was he just a thief who saw the sword, Kusanagi, as a valuable artifact that could be pawned outside of Yamato? That last possibility feels off.  While we aren't exactly sure what Kusanagi looked like, based on everything we know, the sword itself wasn't necessarily blinged out in a way that would make it particularly notable on the continent.    And if Dougyou and whoever his co-conspirators were just wanted to attack the Yamato government, why didn't he just dump Kusanagi in the see somewhere?  He could have destroyed it or otherwise gotten rid of it in a way that would have embarrassed the government. It seems mostly likely that this theft had something to do with pro-Silla sentiment, as if Silla suddenly showed up with the sword, I imagine that would have been some diplomatic leverage on the Yamato court, as they could have held it hostage.  In any case, the plan ultimately failed, though the Chronicles claim it was only because the winds were against him—which was likely seen as the kami themselves defending Yamato. On to a new year.  At the start of 669, Prince Kurikuma (who we mentioned above) was recalled to the capital and Soga no Akaye was appointed governor of Tsukushi. We mentioned Akaye a couple of episodes back.  He was involved in the broken arm-rest incident, where Prince Arima was plotting against Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tennou, and Akaye's daughter Hitachi no Iratsume, was one of the formal wives of Naka no Oe, who would give birth to the princess Yamabe. Now Akaye was given the position of governor of Tsukushi. This position is an interesting one throughout Japanese history.  In many ways it is a viceroy—the governor of Tsukushi has to effectively speak with the voice of the sovereign as the person responsible for overseeing any traffic to and from the continent.  This also was likely a highly lucrative position, only handed out to trusted individuals. However, it also meant that you were outside of the politics of the court.  Early on that was probably less of a concern.  At this time, court nobles were likely still concerned with their traditional lands, which created their economic base, meaning that the court may have been the political center, but there was still plenty of ways to gain power in the archipelago and it wasn't solely through the court.  Over time, as more and more power accrued to the central court government, that would change.  Going out to manage a government outpost on the far end of the archipelago—let alone just going back to manage one's own estates—would be tantamount to exile.  But for now, without a permanent city built up around the palace, I suspect that being away from the action in the capital wasn't quite as detrimental compared to the lucrative nature of a powerful position.  Later, we will see how that flips on its head, especially with the construction of capitals on the model of those like Chang'an. For now, new governor Soga no Akaye was likely making the most of his position.  On that note, in the third month of 669, Tamna sent their prince Kumaki with envoys and tribute.  They would have come through Tsukushi, and Soga no Akaye likely enjoyed some benefits as they were entertained while waiting for permission to travel the rest of the way down to the Yamato capital.  The Tamna embassy did not exactly linger at the court.  They arrived on the 11th of the 3rd month, and left one week—seven days—later, on the 18th.  Still, they left with a gift of seed-grain made to the King of Tamna. On their way out, they likely would have again stopped in at Tsukushi for provisions and to ensure that all of their business was truly concluded before departing. A couple of months later, on the 5th day of the 5th month, we see another hunting party by Naka no Oe.  This seems to have been part of the court ritual of the time for this ceremonial day.  This time it was on the plain of Yamashina.  It was attended by his younger brother, Crown Prince Ohoama, as well as someone called “Fujiwara no Naidaijin” and all of the ministers. “Fujiwara no Naidaijin” is no doubt Nakatomi no Kamatari.  This is an interesting slip by the Chroniclers, and I wonder if it gives us some insight into the source this record came from.  Kamatari was still known as Nakatomi at the time, and was still the Naidaijin, so it is clear they were talking about him.  But historically his greatest reputation is as the father of the Fujiwara family, something we will get to in time.  That said, a lot of the records in this period refer to him as “Fujiwara”.  We've seen this previously—because the records were being written later they were often using a more common name for an individual, rather than the name—including title—that the individual actually would have borne at the time of the record.  This really isn't that different from the way we often talk about the sovereigns using their posthumous names.   Naka no Oe would not have been known as “Tenji Tennou” during his reign.  That wouldn't be used until much later.  And yet, many history books will, understandably, just use the name “Tenji” because it makes it clear who is being talked about. This hunting trip is not the only time we see the name “Fujiwara” creep into the Chronicles a little earlier than accurate: we are told that only a little later, the house of “Fujiwara” no Kamatari was struck by lightning.  But that wasn't the only tragedy waiting in the wings.  Apparently, Kamatari was not doing so well, and on the 10th day of the 10th month, his friend and sovereign, Naka no Oe, showed up to pay his respects and see how he was doing. Ever since that fateful game of kemari—Japanese kickball—the two had been fast friends.  Together they envisioned a new state.  They overthrew the Soga, and changed the way that Japan even conceived of the state, basing their new vision off continental ideas of statehood, governance, and sovereignty.  Now, Kamatari was gravely ill. What happens next is likely of questionable veracity Sinceit is unlikely that someone was there writing down the exact words that were exchanged, but the Chronicles record a conversation between the sovereign and his ill friend.  And the words that the Chroniclers put in their mouths were more about the image that they wanted to project.  According to them, Naka no Oe praised his friend, and asked if there was anything that he could do. Kamatari supposedly eschewed anything special for burial arrangements.  He supposedly said “While alive I did no service for my country at war; why, then, should I impose a heavy burden on it when I am dead?”  Hard to know if he actually felt like that or not, or if thr Chroniclers were likening him to  Feng Yi of the Han dynasty, the General of the Great Tree.  He was so-called because he would often find a tree to take time to himself.  He likewise was renowned for his dislike of ostentation, much like Kamatari foregoing a fancy burial mound. Five days later, Naka no Oe sent Crown Prince Ohoama to Kamatari's house to confer on him the cap of Dai-shiki, and the rank of Oho-omi.  They also conferred on him and his family a new surname:  Fujiwara, and so he became Fujiwara no Daijin, the Fujiwara Great Minister.  The next day he died.  One source known as the Nihon Seiki, said that he was 50 years old, but according to the Chronicles there was an inscription on his tomb that stated he died at age 55. Three days later, we are told that Naka no Oe went to the house of the now late Fujiwara no Naidaijin, and gave orders to Soga no Akaye no Omi, declaring to him his gracious will and bestowing on him a golden incense-burner.  This is somewhat odd, because as we were just talking about, Soga no Akaye had been appointed governor of Tsukushi, though the Toshi Kaden claims that it was actually Soga no Toneri who was in Tsukushi—but these could also mean the same people.  Why this happened right after Kamatari's death suggests to me that Soga no Akaye may have had something to do with the arrangements for Kamatari's funeral or something similar. Let's talk about this whole incident.  There are many that think the Nihon Shoki has things a bit out of order, and on purpose.  Specifically, it is quite likely that the name “Fujiwara” was actually granted after Kamatari's death, and not on the day of, as it has here.  He may even have been posthumously elevated.  But since the Fujiwara family would go on to be quite powerful, the order of events and how they were recorded would have been very important in the 8th century. By naming Kamatari's line the Fujiwara, the court were effectively severing it from the rest of the Nakatomi.  The Nakatomi family would continue to serve as court ritualists, but the Fujiwara family would go on to much bigger and better things.  This change also likely meant that any inheritance of Kamatari's would go to his direct descendants, and that a brother or cousin couldn't necessarily just take over as the head of the household.  So it's very possible that this “setting apart” of the Fujiwara family immediately upon Kamatari's death is a later fiction, encouraged by the rising Fujiwara themselves, in an attempt to keep others from hanging on to their coat tails, as it were. Also a quick note about the idea that there was an inscription on Kamatari's tomb.  This is remarkable because so far, we have not actually found any such markers or tombstones on burials prior to this period.  We assume that they would have been stone or wood markers that were put up by a mound to let you know something about the person who was buried there.  Over time, most of these likely wore away.  But it is interesting to think that the practice may have had older roots. The death of Kamatari wasn't the only tragedy that year.  We are also told that in the 12th month there was a fire in the Treasury, and that the temple of Ikaruga—known to us as Houryuuji, the temple built by Shotoku Taishi—also was burnt.  It isn't said how bad, but only three months later, in 670, another fire struck during a thunderstorm, and we are told that everything burned down—nothing was left. That said, it seems that they may have been able to reuse some of the materials.  I say this because an analysis of the main pillar of the pagoda in the western compound suggests that the tree it came from was felled in 594. The rest of 699 included some less dramatic events. For instance, in the 8th month, Naka no Oe climbed to the top of Takayasu, where he took advice as to how to repair the castle there.  The castle had been built only a couple of years earlier, but already needed repairs.  However, the initial repair project had been abandoned because the labor costs were too much.  The repairs were still needed, though, and they carried out the work four months later in the 12th month, and again in the 2nd month of the following year, and that stores of grain and salt were collected, presumably to stock the castle in case they had to withstand a siege. I suspect that the “cost” of repairing the castle was mostly that it was the 8th month, and the laborers for the work would have to be taken away from the fields.  By the 12th month, I can only assume that those same laborers would be free from their other duties. Speaking of costs, sometimes the Chronicles really make you wonder what was going through the mind of the writers, because they noted that the Land-tax of the Home Provinces was collected.  Maybe this was the first time it had actually been instituted?  I don't know.  It just seems an odd thing to call out. There was also 700 more men from Baekje removed and settled in Kamafu—Gamou District—in Afumi.  And then there was a Silla embassy in the 9th month, and at some point in the year Kawachi no Atahe no Kujira and others were sent to the Tang court.  In response, an embassy from the Tang to Yamato brought 2000 people with them, headed by Guo Wucong, who I really hope was getting some kind of premiere cruiser status for all of his trips. The following year, 700, started out with a great archery meeting, arranged within the palace gate.  I presume this to mean that they had a contest.  Archery at this time—and even for years to come—was prized more highly than even swordplay.  After all, archery was used both in war and on the hunt.  It is something that even the sage Confucius suggested that people should practice.  It is also helpful that they could always shoot at targets as a form of competition and entertainment. Later, on the 14th day of the 1st month, Naka no Oe promulgated new Court ceremonial regulations, and new laws about people giving way on the roads.  This rule was that those of lower status should get out of the way of those of higher status.  Funnily enough, in the description of Queen Himiko's “Yamateg”, back in the 3rd century, this was also called out as a feature of the country.  It is possible that he was codifying a local tradition, or that the tradition actually goes back to the continent, and that the Wei Chroniclers were projecting such a rule onto the archipelago.  I'm honestly not sure which is which.  Or perhaps they expanded the rules and traditions already in place.  There were also new laws about prohibiting “heedless slanders and foul falsehoods”, which sounds great, but doesn't give you a lot to go on. The law and order theme continues in the following month.  A census was taken and robbers and vagabonds were suppressed.  Naka no Oe also visited Kamafu, where he had settled a large number of the Baekje people, and inspected a site for a possible future palace.  He also had castles built in Nagato in Tsukushi, along the route of any possible invasion from the Korean peninsula. In the third month, we have evidence of the continued importance of kami worship, when they laid out places of worship close to Miwi mountain and distributed offerings of cloth.  Nakatomi no Kane no Muraji pronounced the litany.  Note that it is Nakatomi no Muraji—as we mentioned, the Nakatomi would continue to be responsible for ceremonial litany while the Imibe, or Imbe, family would be responsible for laying out the various offerings. Miwi would seem to be the same location as Miidera, aka Onjou-ji, but Miidera wouldn't be founded for another couple of years. In the 9th month of 670, Adzumi no Tsuratari, an accomplished ambassador by this point, travelled to Silla. Tsuratari had been going on missions during the reign of Takara Hime, both to Baekje and to the lands across the “Western Seas”.  While we don't exactly know what transpired, details like this can help us try to piece together something of the relative importance of the mission. In the last entry for 670, we are told that water-mills were made to smelt iron.  If you are wondering how that works, it may have been that the waterwheel powered trip hammers—it would cause the hammer to raise up until it reached a point where it would fall.  Not quite the equivalent of a modern power hammer, it still meant that fewer people were needed for the process, and they didn't have to stop just because their arms got tired. The following year, 671, got off to a grand start, with a lot of momentous events mentioned in just the first month of the year. First off, on the 2nd day of the first month, Soga no Akaye – now back from his stint as governor of Tsukushi - and Kose no Hito advanced in front of the palace and offered their congratulations on the new year.  Three days later, on the 5th day, Nakatomi no Kane, who had provided the litany at Miwi, made an announcement on kami matters.    Then the court made official appointments.  Soga no Akaye was made the Sadaijin, or Prime Minister of the Left, and Nakatomi no Kane was made Prime Minister of the Right.  Soga no Hatayasu, Kose no Hito, and Ki no Ushi were all made daibu, or high ministers.  On top of this, Naka no Ohoe's son, Prince Ohotomo, was appointed as Dajodaijin. “Dajodaijin” is a new position that we haven't seen yet, and it is one of those positions that would only show up on occasion.  It is effectively a *Prime* Prime Minister.  They were considered superior to both the ministers of the left and the right, but didn't exactly have a particular portfolio.  The Ministers of the Left and the Right each had ministries under them that they were responsible for managing.  Those ministries made up the Daijo-kan, or the Council of State.  The Dajodaijin, or Daijodaijin, was basically the pre-eminent position overseeing the Council of State.  I suspect that the Dajodaijin seems to have been the evolution of the Naidaijin, but on steroids.  Nakatomi no Kamatari had administered things as Naidaijin from within the royal household, but the Dajodaijin was explicitly at the head of the State.  Of course, Prince Ohotomo was the son of Naka no Oe himself, and the fact that he was only 23 years old and now put in a place of prominence over other ministers who were quite likely his senior, is remarkable.  I wonder how much he actually was expected to do, and how much it was largely a ceremonial position, but it nonetheless placed Ohotomo just below his uncle, Crown Prince Ohoama, in the overall power structure of the court. Speaking of which, following the new appointments, on the 6th day of the year, Crown Prince Ohoama promulgated regulations on the behalf of his brother, Naka no Oe.  There was also a general amnesty declared, and the ceremonial and names of the cap-ranks were described in what the Chronicles calls the Shin-ritsu-ryo, the New Laws. Towards the end of the first month, there were two embassies, both from now-defunct kingdoms.  The first was from Goguryeo, who reportedly sent someone named Karu and others with Tribute on the 9th day, and 4 days later, Liu Jenyuan, the Tang general for Baekje sent Li Shouchen and others to present a memorial.  I'm not sure if the Goguryeo envoys were from a government in exile or from a subjugated kingdom under Tang and Silla domination.  The Tang general in Baekje was a little more transparent.  That said, that same month we are told that more than 50 Baekje nobles were given Yamato court rank, perhaps indicating that they were being incorporated more into the Yamato court and, eventually, society as a whole.  That said, the remains of the Baekje court sent Degu Yongsyeon and others with tribute the following month. This is also the year that Naka no Oe is said to have placed the clepsydra or water clock in a new pavilion.  We talked about this significance of this last episode.  We are also told that on the third day of the third month, Kibumi no Honjitsu presented a “water level”, a Mizu-hakari.  This would seem to be what it sounds like:  A way of making sure that a surface is level using water.  There is also mention of the province of Hitachi presenting as “tribute” Nakatomibe no Wakako.  He was only 16 years old, and yet we are told he was only one and a half feet in height—one shaku six sun, more appropriately.  Assuming modern conversions, that would have put him approximately the same height as Chandra Dangi of Nepal, who passed away in 2015 but who held the Guiness World Record for the world's shortest person at 21.5”—or 54 centimeters.  So it isn't impossible. The fact that he is called “Nakatomibe” suggests that he was part of the family, or -Be group, that served the Nakatomi court ritualists.  Unfortunately, he was probably seen more as an oddity than anything else at the time.  Still, how many people from that time are not remembered at all, in any extant record?  And yet we have his name, which is more than most. In the following month, we are also told that Tsukushi reported a deer that had been born with eight legs.  Unfortunately, the poor thing died immediately, which is unfortunately too often the case. And then the fifth day of the fifth month rolled around again. This year there was no hunting, but instead Naka no Oe occupied the “Little Western Palace” and the Crown Prince and all of the ministers attended him.  We are told that two “rustic” dances were performed—presumably meaning dances of some local culture, rather than those conforming to the art standards passed down from the continent.  As noted earlier, this day would be one of the primary ceremony days of the later court. The following month, we are told that there was an announcement in regards to military measures requested by the messengers from the three departments of Baekje, and later the Baekje nobles sent Ye Chincha and others to bring tribute.  Once again, what exactly this means isn't clear, but it is interesting to note that there were three “departments” of Baekje.  It is unclear if this was considered part of the court, or if this was Baekje court in exile managing their own affairs as a guest in Yamato. It is also interesting that they seem to have been traveling to the Yamato court while Li Shouchen was still there, sent by the Tang general overseeing Baekje.  That must have been a bit of an awkward meeting.  We are told that they all took their departure together on the 11th day of the 7th month.  Does that mean they left with the Tang envoy?  Was the Tang inviting some of them to come back?  Or just that they all left the court at the same time. The same month, Prince Kurikuma was once more made Governor of Tsukushi—or possibly made governor the first time, depending on whether or not you think the Chronicles are accurate or that they pulled the same event twice from different sources.  We are also told that Silla sent envoys with gifts that included a water buffalo and a copper pheasant for the sovereign. The 8th month of the year, we hear that Karu of Goguryeo and his people took their leave after a seven month long visit.  The court also entertained the Emishi.  Two months later, Silla sent Kim Manmol and others with more tribute, but this envoy likely found a different feeling at court. And that is because on the 18th day of the 8th month, the sovereign of Yamato, Naka no Oe, took to his bed, ill.  There was a ceremony to open the eyes of 100 Buddhas in the interior of the palace, and Naka no Oe sent messengers to offer to the giant Buddha of Houkouji a kesa, a golden begging-bowl, an ivory tusk, aloeswood, sandalwood, and various objects of value, but despite any spiritual merit that may have accrued, it didn't seem to work.  Naka no Oe's illness continued to grow more serious.  He would continue to struggle for another two months, until, on the 3rd day of the twelfth month, Naka no Oe, aka Tenji Tennou, sovereign of Yamato, passed away. For all that we should be careful to avoid the “Great Man” theory of history, it is nonetheless hard to deny that Naka no Oe had an incredible impact on the country in his days.  From start to finish, while one could argue that many of the reforms were simply a matter of time as the archipelago absorbed more and more ideas from across the straits, Naka no Oe found himself in the middle of those reforms.  The Yamato State would never be the same, and he oversaw the birth of the Ritsuryo state, a new state nominally based on laws and rules, rather than just tradition.  It may not be entirely clear, but he also helped inculcate a new sense of the power of the sovereign and of the state, introducing new cultural imaginaries.  Yamato's reach wasn't just vague boasting, but by instituting the bureaucratic state they were able to actually expand the reach of the court farther than any time before. And through those changes, Naka no Oe had, in one way or another, been standing at the tiller.  Now, he was gone, as were many of his co-conspirators in this national project.  Which leaves us wondering:  What comes next? Well, we'll get to that, but not right now.  For now, let us close this episode with Naka no Oe's own end.   Next episode, we can get into the power struggles that followed, culuminating in an incident known as the Jinshin no Ran:  The Jinshin war. Until then, thank you once again for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Netflix has taken us back to Shadyside, with a standalone Fear Street film about a killer offing all the prom queen candidates in 1988. Tune in as we're joined by the creator of Fear Street Diaries on Instagram, Hiko Mitsuzuka, to break down “Fear Street: Prom Queen” — from the things that worked, to the things that didn't, and that end reveal… after reveal… after reveal.

In der vierten Folge von Untold Stories geht es in das Jahr 1973, als in Westdeutschland über 300 spontane Streiks die Republik erschütterten. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Gastarbeiter:innen, die für bessere Arbeitsbedingungen, gerechte Bezahlung und leichbehandlung kämpften – und damit nicht nur die Betriebe, sondern auch die Gesellschaft herausforderten.Zu Gast sind Irina Vavitsa, Zeitzeugin und Mitstreiterin beim Streik im Hella-Werk in Lippstadt, sowie Historiker Tim Zumloh vom LWL-Institut für westfälische Regionalgeschichte. Gemeinsam blicken sie auf die Ursachen der Streikwelle: Lohndiskriminierung, fehlende Mitsprache und die Erfahrung, trotz harter Arbeit als „Fremde“ behandelt zu werden. Wir besprechen, wie aus alltäglicher Ungleichbehandlung und Unmut eine Bewegung entstand – und wie die Streikenden, oft ohne Unterstützung von Gewerkschaft oder Betriebsrat, für ihre Rechte eintraten.Irina Vavitsa berichtet von der Atmosphäre im Betrieb, der Rolle der Dolmetscher, der Kraft des Zusammenhalts und der Solidarität, die die Streikenden – trotz medialer Anfeindungen – aus der Region erfuhren. Auch die unterschiedlichen Reaktionen von Gewerkschaften und Öffentlichkeit werden thematisiert: von moralischer Unterstützung bis zu offener Ablehnung und Hetze.Eine Folge, die ein bislang wenig beachtetes Kapitel der westfälischen und deutschen Geschichte aufschlägt, das bis heute nachwirkt. Eine Folge über Mut und die Kraft, Geschichte zu verändern – erzählt aus der Perspektive derjenigen, die sie geschrieben haben. Im Podcast erwähnte Literatur: Das Zitat von Orhan Çalışır stammt aus dem Text:Orhan Çalışır: Ein heisser Sommer in Bielefeld-Brackwede.In: Cafaro, N., Hüttner, B. und Tekin, C. (Hrsg.) (2023): Gelingende und misslingende Solidarisierungen.Spontane Streiks in Westdeutschland um 1973. Luxemburg Beiträge 18. Berlin: Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung. S. 83-87. Online verfügbar unter: https://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/luxemburg_beitraege/lux_beitr_18_Streiks-1973_web.pdfEingelesen wurde es von Florian Bender.Kokot, Thordis (2025) Mehr als „Gastarbeiter“. Ein biografisches Fallbeispiel aus Lippstadt zur Vielschichtigkeit der Arbeitsmigration in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren.Hiko.hypotheses.org. Verfügbar unter: https://hiko.hypotheses.org/4537Die Reihe wird veröffentlicht im Podcastkanal„Regionalgeschichte auf die Ohren (RadiO)“und auf der LWL - Website.Mehr Informationen auf der LWL Website ⁠hier⁠Das Projekt wird von der LWL-Kulturstiftung im Rahmen des Kulturprogramms zum Jubiläumsjahr 2025 "1250 Jahre Westfalen“ gefördert. Schirmherr des Kulturprogramms ist Bundespräsident Frank-Walter Steinmeier.

Listener Pal Hiko comes through with an absolute SCREAMER of a story about how she got banned from her nail salon after breaking someone's nose?!

Some of the best bits from today’s show: Listener pal Hiko tells us how she’s banned from a nail salon after breaking a nose! Stuff Reporter Lloyd Burr gets the scoop on Harrison’s TP hack. Doing Valentines on a budget? Steph has you covered. We write a poem for listener pal Alex. Sean is the radio jingle king. Harrison’s gonna take tap to the streets Greenfield Lane ep 6: Shitface Love ya! Sean, Steph, Harrison, Producer Arun & Intern Lily x Follow us on insta @Edgeafternoons

“Are you all comfortable? Even the murderer?” We watched “Evil Under the Sun” (1982) with our friend and murder mystery expert Hiko Mitsuzuka, and you can find us all turban shopping for the foreseeable future. Now we know there are a ton of Hercule Poirot mysteries to choose from - from Albert Finney to Kenneth Branagh - all of them filled with the most glamorous leading ladies in Hollywood history. But there is something about this version, starring Peter Ustinov that is giving us high camp, high glamour, and we're loving every minute of it. Dames Maggie Smith and Diana Rigg are serving up their finest jewels, turbans and (maybe most importantly) their wittiest barbs as old frenemies with unfinished business. French ingénue Jane Birkin (of the famed Birkin Hermès bag) is not all she appears to be and Roddy McDowell is camping it up - as usual. Oh and if you're not yet familiar with hunky Nicholas Clay in those butt hugging swim briefs - you're welcome. We talk about how much Rian Johnson ripped off… we mean was inspired by this film when making “Glass Onion” and we muse over the various fits and fashions throughout this oh-so-very early ‘80s mystery.  Thanks for listening and don't forget to subscribe, rate and review us on Apple Podcasts! www.patreon.com/moviesthatmadeusgay Facebook/Instagram: @moviesthatmadeusgay Twitter: @MTMUGPod Scott Youngbauer: Twitter @oscarscott / Instagram @scottyoungballer Peter Lozano: Twitter/Instagram @peterlasagna

We've finally reached the end of this long Apes-filled road we've been on! Writer Hiko Mitsuzuka joins us to talk about the newly released Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes! Follow Hiko Mitsuzuka via his blog The First Echo (http://www.thefirstecho.com/). Star ratings help us build our audience! Please rate/review/subscribe to us on Spotify, Apple Podcasts or wherever you listen, and share us with your friends who are having a WONDERFUL DAY!! Email us at sequelrights@gmail.com with feedback or suggestions on future franchises! Special Guest: Hiko Mitsuzuka.

Sheila Kahyaoglu, Jefferies Senior Equity Research Analyst, discusses the latest on Boeing and the airlines sector amid a nationwide grounding of the 737 Max 9 aircraft. Seema Shah, Principal Asset Management Chief Global Strategist, expects a positive nominal growth environment and a continued fall in inflation. Kathy Bostjancic, Nationwide Mutual Insurance Chief Economist, says a mild recession is still a possibility despite strong economic data. Matthew Bartlett, Darby Field Advisors Principal & Republican strategist, previews the final GOP debate before the Iowa Caucuses begin on Monday. Get the Bloomberg Surveillance newsletter, delivered every weekday. Sign up now: https://www.bloomberg.com/account/newsletters/surveillance  Full Transcript:This is the Bloomberg Surveillance Podcast. I'm Tom Keene, along with Jonathan Farrow and Lisa Abramowitz. Join us each day for insight from the best an economics, geopolitics, finance and investment. Subscribe to Bloomberg Surveillance on demand on Apple, Spotify and anywhere you get your podcasts, and always on Bloomberg dot Com, the Bloomberg Terminal and the Bloomberg Business app. Where are Boeing Aircraft made? I believe it's Renton, Washington where they were tuned into the college football game here a while back. The seven thirty seven comes out of Reton, Washington. An expert on that is Sheila Kiglu, senior equity research analyst at Jeffreys and joins us this morning. Have you been to Reton, Washington? I have. There's three production lines. The third one just opened up, so if you think about it, each one of those turns out fifteen to seventeen max's per month. The fourth one will open next year and ever at about an hour and a half away from Renton. So I want you to speak and I don't want you to talk about all your leverage finance work at JP Morgan and your wonderful work at Jefferys, your award winning work and institutional investor forget about it. Our listeners and viewers want to know where's the problem and is it easy to fix? Is it rent in Washington or is it the fuselage riveters in Kansas. I think the problem is the pandemic deteriorated their aerospace workforce not so much. And I mean the problem is in Renton, not only at the Boeing factory, but the small Tier three, Tier four suppliers around there. They're seeing strain on their workforce. The problem has been really focused over the last year in Spirit in Wichita, with three incidents either on the Max or the eight to seven involving quality issues. So there's been management changes there to address those quality issues, and I think that's really the focus item. Given we've seen small improvements in the engine manufacturers and the Tier three, this sounds absolutely shocking when I start to hear about this, At least for ask this question earlier in the week. I'd love your response to it. Are we suggesting that things are safe but not as safe as they were before the pandemic? Now in this industry, I think the industry is having a tough time recruit you know, getting back up to post pandemic levels, and you know we're manufacturing. In September, we were only manufacturing in the teens a month on these max is when we were supposed to be at thirty eight a month. So we essentially, you know, in December deliveries were forty four. Half of that was out of inventory, half of it was actual production. So we basically doubled output in three months, right, we were trying to double output. So there's a stream, given air traffic is back to one hundred percent of twenty nineteen levels, to get this aircraft production back, and it was very constrained over the last three years. You've now did demand at Boeing isn't the problem, it's deliveries. We had Ryan as Michael O'Leary sit in your seat actually at the end of last year, complaining about the delays to the seven thirty seven max getting delivered to Ryanair how Osawi to further delays and ultimately canceled orders because of what's tanking place. I'm sure he was more entertaining than me, and this seat, I will tell you that he's more entertaining than I Am, don't worry about it. You know, what we've seen is that we've seen a delivery slip. We delivered about one thousand aircraft in twenty two. That number was fifteen hundred post pandemic on the narrow body. So we've seen that happen already. But we're not going to see cancelations. We're seeing the order brook stretch out twenty eight twenty nine. Everybody wants to get in line, and even Ryanair, who's been the most outspoken against Boeing, has talked about wanting that aircraft sooner and pricing being better for them, Pricing being better for Boeing on some of the Ryan Air aircraft because they want the aircraft sooner. What's the opportunity here for Airbus? I mean, I mean just as simple and tou luise I got to play this low. It could be them. I get the whole dance. But is this a huge strategic opportunity in the United States of America for unit sales for Airbus? Not so much. I think the opportunity was from twenty nineteen to twenty three twenty two, when the Max was essentially grounded, not delivering to China as well, where we're forgetting about that China element. But Airbus had their market share opportunity. So what we see in twenty five as Boeing produces fifty max is a month and Airbus does seventy five maybe in the twenty twenty six time frame is more likely to be honest. So they already have that market share game. And let's not for Yes, Airbus has its own issues. The Airbus aircraft is mad has two engine options, either the ge leap option and the Raithyon GTF option. We know the GTF has a contaminated powder in it, so they're basically grounding forty percent of the GTF engines in the first half of this year to do inspections on them. So Airbus is not short of its issues as well. Okay, some of this is the complexity of the engineering across all of aviation. Are we at a point now and then, I mean, I get the COVID idea. I think that's brilliant, But are we at a point where these things are becoming too complex? Some areg you, it's not complex enough, not enough fuel efficiency, not enough energy efficiency, two pilots to by the plane. So I think that what we've seen in the aircraft industry is no new models really, this is the twenty twenties are just an upgrade of the existing models and efficiency. Are they still trying to do a one pilot plane. I think that's off the books for now. The focus has really been on the engine, the fuel efficiency, and what kind of engine we get in the twenty thirty five twenty forty time frame and how that aircraft takes us over the next two to three decades. The sitting of the jet back and forth on the wing was due to fuel efficiency, right, should we jettison? Fuel efficiency is an engineering mandate, that's what we're aiming for. But clearly the engine OEMs have had a lot of trouble, not only in production but the efficiency that they're getting. So not calling out GTF only with the raytheon issues. Not only do they have the contaminated powder, they've needed to do upgrades to get their engine up to par so is leaps. So that's what we're calling fence building. Let's finish on the regulator. This is a difficult one. How do you expect the regulator to respond to this? How do authority step in here? Given what could have taken place on Friday. So, John, you started off very stark contrast with Dave Calhoun yesterday, and I think the regulators took that same message. NTSP is solely focused on the accident. Well, no, in twelve to eighteen months, what really happened? The FAA said Grounding twelve hours in, so did Yassa. So I think that they're taking a stark stance. Boeing has this directive out on how to inspect the aircraft, and I think we could see the aircraft back in the air by the end of next week. The end of next week. That quickly. The directive said four to eight hours to inspect the aircraft. You think about just the pr element of it. An extra week when you hear from the regulator. Of course, they have to start out really broad, actually have all options open, t K consider everything, Shila. Do you get the sense that they've narrowed this investigation down already? Then, given your expectation, we'll be back up in the air next week. So the NTSP, I think, will take a year to come to a conclusion on exactly what happened and what the cause was. But the FAA seems pretty confident that the directive came out so quickly, thirty seconds normal conversation. What's your single best buy right now? Oh, this amazing company called Higo. When I started covering it's called Hiko. Hiko. Yes, twenty one billion market cap fifty one times PE. But when I first started covering this stock, and I won't tell you when that was, the market cap was two billion dollars. They are a generic aircraft parts manufacturer and they supply the aftermarket. The more we don't get new aircraft deliveries, the more Hiko benefits because the old planes get serviced. Interesting. I thought we could have rund out that conversation sort of long bowing, but we didn't. Shada, thank you, it's good to hear. Free me. Just fantastic, real depth to that conversation. Shada kyli that of Jeffreys. Let's catch out with say Mishap the chief club was strategistic principal asset man wish and seem pleased to say joined us right now. Seem a greater catch up two part story this year for you, first half, second half, first half, volatility, second half rally. I have to say it reminds me of some of the outlooks that I got last year for twenty twenty three, saying, what is it about twenty twenty four where you think that story could actually take place? So I think that Look, if you think about where we were at the end of last year, where you had I think a price per perfection, you know you couldn't get better news in the idea that the FED would start cutting it early in this year. You would have a soft landing, et cetera. Now, I'm not saying that that's not all going to come true, but at the beginning of this year, you're already seeing the market push back on some of those original expectations about early FED cuts. You're seeing ecod basilience that is creating a wobble, and I struggled to see what is going to be the catalyst to drive another leg up in the near term. Yourys need to see a bit of a pullback as the market starts to question their raid expectations. And then as you get towards the middle of the year and you get closer to that actual rate cut date, you see an economics slow down, but it doesn't turn out to be too damaging. That to me is that greed signal four and a more prolonged rally. Yes, seem a dovetail nominal GDP. Now that combination of real GDP plus the inflation with the IMS call of a beleaguered, slow global economy out four years to twenty twenty eight, where are we in that continuum as we go into twenty twenty four? Is there an animal spirit within our nominal GDP or is it going to drift away? So, look, we are anticipating a bit of a global growth slowdown. You know, if you look across the US, Europe, China, it's not particularly exciting, but you do have a couple of bright spots around the globe. But we're not anticipating a very prolonged economic weakness. So I think this is a fairly decent nominal growth environment. But along with that comes the idea that we don't necessarily see inflation coming all the way back down to two below two percent like you saw in previous years. So from a real rate, which I know you've been focused on, it is a slightly more challenging environment than we've seen in previous years, and I think investors need to start taking that into consideration as they're starting to position their portfolios. What does the real rate do this year the ten year inflation adjusted rate in the United States, So we're expected to come down slightly, but not too much. If I give you an idea, you know, we're expecting the FED to color three times twenty five basis points each time, so it's not very significant. We are expecting inflation to come down to around the two point four percent level, so it's not too far from where we are today. That is a little bit still quite restrictive, so you're not in a fantastic environment for risk assets, but there is a lot of cyclical factors that we can take into consideration. It's just if you're thinking about your portfolio, you're looking at a higher cost of capital than you've had in the last decade or so, so you need to be kind of screening your stocks a little bit closer. You need to be start thinking a little bit more about bonds as well. You know, in terms of it's great in inflationary, it's or in a disinflationary scenario. But in an inflationary scenario where inflation doesn't come all the way back down to what maybe was accustomed to before, bonds don't necessarily perform as well as you would have expected. I wonder what your call is then on consumer discretionary. I'll share with you what we heard from Lori Cavasina of RBC overnight, greating discretionary to market way and saying this, Seema, We're wary of being underweight going forward, given the tendency of this sector to outperform when interest rates are falling. They're two sectors at the moment that are kind of leading the pact to close out last year. And whenever we rally, it's discretionary, it's tech. Where are you on the format and for that matter, where are you on the latter. So actually on the consumer discretioning, I'm not too negative. I do think there are challenges coming for consumers, but I don't think there is significant as maybe a lot of people, including myself, were worried about at the end of last year. There's just a lot going for consumers at the moment. I mean, as long as the labor market is holding up as strong as it is, and I think consuming discretion can do well. On the tech side, I still have good, I guess solid expectations for tech. I do worry though about whether the expectations from the market is going to be fulfilled. So whereas I wouldn't want to go negative or underweight technology, I think there are other parts of the market which are a little bit more interesting for twenty twenty four. If, as you said, you're going to see FED cuts and soft learning, I think there are other parts of the market can do well. We'll talk to me about the other parts. Then what's the big call for you? Banks? Where do they fit in? Give me we get earnings on Friday. I think banks can do pretty well. I think you know, as you're going to see in a lot of parts of the market, there are headwinds in the first half of the year, but as you get through to the second then I think banks can do well. The other part of the market, which I think should be gaining interest, there's going to be a bit of a warble in the first quarter at least bit small caps, I think the evaluations are very attractive. Typically, when you get a fed cutting cycle and it's accompanied by a kind of a return to or at least solid growth, that is typically a very good signal for small caps. And when you're looking at that valuation gap between the large and the small cup, it is very attractive so I think this is the time that investors start thinking about it and maybe edging into those positions. If youels come down, is the is the flow of money out of money market funds it's assumed. Is it linear or does it all come in one great surge. I think that's it's really difficult to say in terms of how the investors sentiment is going to go. What I do think though, is one is that those money market funds, they do have the potential to create a pretty strong rally once some of the questions that investors have hanging over them are answered. So those questions would include when is the going to start reducing interest rates? And the second thing is is there could be an economic slow down? And if there is an economic slow down, how devastating is it going to be. I think all three of those questions are going to be answered fairly from in a positive tilt in that there's a slowdown, but it's not too devastating at all. And I think once you have some of these questions answered, then money market funds that trickle is going to move towards those risk acids, which is one of the reason do you think investors should be positioning for a stronger second half of the year. Russ Coastrick at Black Crog said something similar in Raka Semath thank you. Going to hear from your Sam a Chant of Principal Asset Management right now to further discussion and the American economy. Kathleen bus Johnson joins his chief economists Nationwide Mutual Insurance. Kathy, what's the state of the consumer? Good morning, Tom and John Happy to be with you. Well, the consumer has been really resilient and not really reflective of the labor market continue to be quite strong. We've got employment growth that continues to kind of outpace the monthly estimates, and wage growth continues to be buoyant. So you know, put that together, you still have you know, income wherewithal of the consumer to keep spending. Now, it's not going to be the buoyant spending that we had in the past. You know, most much of the of not all of the pandemic related savings has been run down. But you know, until we see a slow down a labor market, the consumer can continue to run Here. The character of our wage growth is compared to a declining inflation is something the optimist speak of. Is it normal? Is it a normal dynamic now or do you put an asterisk around what that means? It's getting more normalized. I mean wage growth. If you look at the average earlier earnings numbers running four to one, you know you would probably in a more normal time see that around three and a half. So you're seeing wage growth is still a bit you know, buoyant there, but inflation is not back to two percent yet either. So I think in the mix, what you're seeing is real wage growth that is steady. You know, it's not stellar, but it's not negative either, So you know that that helps to you know, kind of keep the consumer buoyant. But we do think there's some slowing underneath the headline and employment numbers, and I do think we are going to see The question is do we see you know, just a soft patch in growth in the middle part of the year, or do we get a mild recession. We're still thinking that mild recession is possible, but you know, certainly recognize that the data have come in stronger than expected and that could continue. Kathy, how would you expect John Williams, the New York Fed President, to address some of those issues this afternoon? Yeah, very much. Looking forward to his comments, you know, and to put into perspective like they kind of we're talking about ray cuts. Well not really, but you know, and the Minute's helped us out a little bit there. But I do think they're at an interesting time now. I mean, in a way it's better than they thought, right, but it's still complicated. It's better because inflation has come down much quicker than they thought, the labor market has been more resilient. But now that the idea is well, it's not just about lowering inflation, but can we stabilize the economy to avoid, you know, a harder landing. So I'm very interested to see how he kind of threads out. I think one message you'll probably deliver is the bond market is still a little too optimistic in the start of the timing of rate cuts. But to be honest, we're looking for May May June market sort of pricing and high odds and marks not all that different. The fact is the Fed's is going to be cutting rates this year unless something on inflation starts to turn around in a very ugly way. Well, Kathy, not all rate cuts are created equally, and I think that on the surface, it's almost contradictory to talk about maintaining a restrictive stance and entertain the surgical rate cuts at the same time with a focus on real yields. Do you think they can entertain both iteas simultaneously and communicate effectively and clearly. Well, communication has not been there, you know, the top bright spot here really to be honest, you know they need to communicate clearly. But I you also think your point is well taken. Are you just removing some of that restrictiveness but still want to hang on to it because you're not quite one hundred percent confident infleetion's getting back to two percent? Or do you say, you know what inflation? We do have a high degree of confidence. You're getting to the point with you know Mike's interview with Lorettemester. You know how confident they are we're going back to two percent? And how does that real rate, you know, play in to the mix of things, because right now the real rate is higher. Right the fact that it can't in Columbus, Ohio nationwide is on your side, and all that the unemployment rate is two point eight zero percent. Help me with Senator Warren from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Shouldn't we be up on the tables pop and champagne and celebrating an unemployment rate of two point eight zero percent. Yes, I mean we should be celebrating that this economy is is quite good, and you know, inflation is coming down. You know, maybe that is why consumers overall and maybe there's not as much exuberance out there, but inflation's coming down eventually. If it's going to be cutting interest rates at some point this year, you know, that's that's a very positive mix. And to your point, and employment rate certain parts of the country, like Columbus, very very low and very positive. So I think we need to applaud a lot of that, and that sort of gets overshadowed by all of our concerns. Kathy, just quickly, where do you have unemployment your end? Yes, so we see the unemployment rate drifting a bit higher, but because we have a mild recession, it doesn't even get above five percent. So you're looking at something around four point seven percent or so at the high so let some of the air out of the economy, but certainly does not crush the labor market. Interesting, Kathy, Thank you appreciate the insight. Kathy Chance it that of nationwide. Matthew Bartland knows each and every ward in Nashua, New Hampshire. He is hardcore in New Hampshire. Enjoins us this morning Darby Field Advisors, a Republican strategist with service in the Trump administration until a certain January date. I got to go there first, Matthew, as you joined surveillance for the first time. What was it like on January sixth when you said, Sea, Yeah, you know, thanks Tom. Listen. It was a very very hard day here in this town in Washington, and I remember walking home it was during COVID and crossing the Capitol and just seeing the utter mayhem and feeling utter discussed and made what was just the easiest decision I've ever made my career, which was, dear mister Secretary, I hereby resigne immediately from the State Department. Decisions will be made in this excuse me, decisions will be made in Hampshire, Mass Bartlet what's the tone you see right now among Republicans? Well, exactly, it's January, and you know the business community that the country is looking at a lot of those those snow covered roads right now. It's not Davos might be Davenport, Iowa, might be dover New Hampshire. And you know, we are looking at what is either the beginning or maybe the end. President Trump has a significant lead. There are really two battlegrounds right now. It's Iowa, which he may have locked up, and it's a question of expectations. And then it's over in New Hampshire, the Granite State, my home state, where Nikki Haley may be putting together some puzzle pieces with her granite heels on climbing the mountain and may shock the Trump campaign, may shock the world. And if so, then we have a race. But if President Trump really blows it out in both states, I think this nomination might be wrapped up and wrapped up ptty quickly. Well, Matthia, talk about that. You've been on the ground with every candidate I believe in the field, Matthew, do you see anything on the ground. It's difficult to reconcile with what we all see in the polls. Oh sure, right now. Polls. You'll see a lot of national polls. Those poll polls are certainly, you know, lagging indicators. It is the state polls that are the leading indicators. The nomination process is not a you know, as we know, a national election, it's a state by state event, and right now in Iowa and in New Hampshire, the race is not nationalized. Rather it's personalized. People get to go and meet the candidates upfront, hear from them directly, unfiltered from you know, free from from media, free from ads, get to ask questions, and that's really where where people can can can make their stake. And I think that's what we see Nikki Heley do to to a very high degree. What's the number one issue that you think is attracting voters to the likes of Nicki Hailey? You know, I think it's probably a mix of policies of you know, maybe the Biden administration, whether it's foreign policy, domestic spending, inflation that have kind of pushed people away from you know, their vote maybe twenty twenty or away from the Democratic Party, but more importantly looking back towards what people see, as you know, a firmer Republican party that maybe is absent some of them, mayhem, some of the personality deficits that former President Trump has displayed for the better part of a decade. Now. Matthew Barlow. Terry Hayes visits often from Pangaea, and he made a common a number of months ago where he said, there's a complete misjudgment about the number of GOP who really aren't in love with the former president. In political Jonathan Martin the headline where are all the anti Trump Republicans? Where are they? Matthew? And are there any conquered New Hampshire? Oh, certainly, you know, if you look at New Hampshire, it is the only purple state, maybe the only swing state. In addition to being an early state. Republicans can only vote in the Republican primary, Democrats can only vote in the Democratic primary. But independence, of which there are more than Republicans or Democrats, can vote either one. So right now, the independence of New Hampshire, those that actually decide the general election are going to have a significant role in choosing the Republican nominee, or at least impacting that. Right now, it looks as if they are going to Nicky Haley. There is a Trump fatigue factor. In fact, when you go to her town halls, one of the biggest applause lines you hear. She's quite candid, she says, listen polling says Donald Trump might be up one to four points on Joe Biden, but I'm up seventeen points. So I think a lot of strong conservatives look at that as a resounding, you know, rationale for her candidacy, and a lot of independent voters, you know, find her to be the Goldilocks King. What does President Biden need to do to garner those GOP diss affected votes. Does he need to communicate with him like his communicating with a Pentagon. Yeah, I think communications a good start, you know, putting priority that you see, you hear, you listen to those that it is a warm place. Maybe some of his policies have been rather progressive. He's been for the past four years really attuned to the left wing of his party. Now, as we turn a corner into a potential you know, general election, he really needs to make sure that that coalition that he built in twenty twenty stays with him, that they do not feel deflated. And that's from the left on certain issues which may be a little more sensitive. Maybe it's foreign policy issues as we're seeing in playout in Michigan. But again, those disaffected voters who thought Trump, you know, maybe they liked his policy, but they just thought his personality was just too much. Now it's going to be yet again a choosing time potentially between Trump and Biden and who can swing those voters right back. Let's get to TV programming later on the seven and just to wrap things up math nine pm Eastern time. I believe you've got Run versus Nicky on CNN and then you've got the former president kind of programming on Fox News. What's the approach from Nicky im Ron going to be they going after each other or going after the former president. I mean, listen, it's gonna be both, you know, more than anything right now, the Republican Party wants somebody with attitude and swagger, and that is certainly why Donald Trump has had a command over the party, not just over the past few months, but over the past few years. So it is a performance. It is how you take a punch, how you land a punch, how you come back from a punch. Nicki Haley has really made her bones in this race by lighting up vivek Ramaswany like a pinball machine at debates, and it seems their voters appreciate that. Look for more of that tonight. Let's continue the conversation for this month. Matthew Greta catch out Matthew Bountle at the f Danby Field Advisors. Subscribe to the Bloomberg Surveillance Podcast on Apple, Spotify, and anywhere else you get your podcasts. Listen live every week starting at seven am Eastern. I'm Bloomberg dot com, the iHeartRadio app, tune In, and the Bloomberg Business app. You can watch us live on Bloomberg Television and always I'm the Bloomberg Terminal. Thanks for listening. I'm Tom Keen, and this is BloombergSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Back on the show is friend Jim Dussias. Jim has had a great fall season since our hog hunt in Georgia. He's shot two deer and a hog, each with different types of weapons. He's in a relatively target-rich environment, so he's been able to be picky and enjoy just being able to watch deer. We talk about his three hunts, what he's working on and what adventures are coming up. It's great to talk to him and I'm looking forward to hunting hogs with him again in March! You can follow Jim on his podcast "Mangroves to Mountains Outdoors" and YouTube channel of the same name. Please remember to like, share and subscribe to this podcast as well as the Bowhunting Soul YouTube channel. Also, check out the amazing courses at https://www.thepusharchery.com/pack/ And if you want some incredible, custom knives, head over to https://hikoito.com/ Hiko is truly a craftsman.

HIGHLIGHT: Honestly, the title says what it does on the tin. Listener pal Hiko outdoes herself with this OUT THE GATE first date story.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

今回は大切なお友達、Hiko Konamiさんにお越しいただいて対談しました

This episode we talk about the first recorded instance of Buddhism--or at least the worship of the Buddha--in Japan, and we look at some of the politics and issues surrounding its adoption, as well as some of the problems in the story we have from the Chronicles.  We also look at what legend says happened to the oldest Buddhist image and where you can find it, today.  Hint: It is in a place that once hosted the Winter Olympics! For more check out our podcast website:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-85 Rough Transcript:   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua and this is episode 85: The Buddha Comes to Japan. Last couple episodes we've talked about Buddhism.  We talked about its origins in the Indian subcontinent, with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, aka Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, and how those teachings spread out from India to Gandhara, and then followed the trade routes across the harsh deserts of the Tarim Basin, through the Gansu corridor, and into the Yellow and Yangzi River Valleys.  From there the teachings made it all the way to the Korean peninsula, and to the country of Baekje, Yamato's chief ally on the peninsula. This episode we'll look at how Buddhism came to the archipelago and its initial reception there.  For some of this we may need to span several reigns, as we'll be looking at events from early to late 6th century.  This is also about more than just religion, and so we may need to dive back into some of the politics we've covered up to this point as well.  Hopefully we can bring it all together in the end, but if it is a bit of a bumpy ride, just hang with me for a bit. So let's start with the official account in the Nihon Shoki, which we already mentioned two episodes ago: the first mention of Buddhism in the Chronicles.  The year was 552, or the 13th year in the reign of Ame Kunioshi, aka Kimmei Tennou.  That winter, during the 10th month—which was probably closer to December or January on a modern calendar—King Seongmyeong of Baekje had a special gift for his counterpart, the sovereign of Yamato.  By this time there are numerous accounts of gifts to Yamato, generally in conjunction with the Baekje-Yamato alliance and Baekje's requests for military support in their endeavors on the peninsula, generally framed in the Yamato sources as centering on the situation of the country of Nimna. In this case, the gift was a gilt-bronze image of Shakyamuni Buddha, several flags and umbrellas, and a number of volumes of Buddhist sutras.  King Seongmyeong sent a memorial explaining his intent:  “This doctrine” (aka Buddhism) “is amongst all doctrines the most excellent.  But it is hard to explain, and hard to comprehend.  Even the Duke of Zhou and Confucius had not attained to a knowledge of it.  This doctrine can create religious merit and retribution with appreciation of the highest wisdom.  Imagine a man in possession of treasures to his heart's content, so that he might satisfy all his wishes in proportion as he used them.  Thus it is with the treasure of this wonderful doctrine.  Every prayer is fulfilled and naught is wanting.  Moreover, from distant India it has extended hither to the three Han, where there are none who do not receive it with reverence as it is preached to them. “Thy servant, therefore, Myeong, King of Baekje, has humbly dispatched his retainer, Nuri Sacchi, to transmit it to the Imperial Country, and to diffuse it abroad throughout the home provinces, so as to fulfil the recorded saying of Buddha: ‘My law shall spread to the East.' “ Upon receiving all of these things and hearing the memorial, we are told that the sovereign, Ame Kunioshi, literally leapt for joy.  He thanked the envoys, but then put the question to his ministers as to how they should proceed.  Soga no Iname no Sukune, holding the position of Oho-omi, recommended that they should worship the statue of the Buddha.  After all, if all of the “Western Frontier lands” were worshipping it, then should Yamato really be left out? On the other side of the argument were Mononobe no Okoshi as well as Nakatomi no Kamako.  They argued against stopping the traditional worship of the 180 kami of Heaven and Earth and replacing it with worship of some foreign religion. With this split decision, Ame Kunioshi decided to have Soga no Iname experiment, first.  He told him to go ahead and worship the image and see what happens. And so Soga set it up at his house in Oharida, purified it, and, per Buddhist tradition, retired from the world.  He had another house, in nearby Mukuhara, purified and made into a temple.  Here he began to worship the Buddha. Around that same time, there was a pestilence—a disease—that was in the land.  People were getting sick and some were dying.  This was likely not unprecedented.  Healthcare was not exactly up to our modern standards, and while many good things traveled the trade routes, infection and disease likely used them as pathways as well.  So diseases would pop up, on occasion.  In this instance, though, Mononobe no Okoshi and Nakatomi no Kamako seized on it as their opportunity.  They went to Ame Kunioshi and they blamed Soga no Iname and his worship of the Buddha for the plague. Accordingly, the court removed the statue of the Buddha and tossed it into the canal at Naniwa, and then they burned down Soga no Iname's temple—which, as you may recall, was basically his house.  As soon as they did that, though, Ame Kunioshi's own Great Hall burst into flames, seemingly out of nowhere, as it was otherwise a clear day. Little more is said about these events, but that summer there were reports from Kawachi of Buddhist chants booming out of the sea of Chinu near the area of Idzumi.  Unate no Atahe was sent to investigate and found an entire log of camphorwood that was quote-unquote “Shining Brightly”.  So he gave it to the court, where we are told they used it to have two Buddha images made, which later were installed in a temple in Yoshino; presumably at a much later date. And then the Chronicles go quiet for the next couple decades, at least on the subject of Buddhism, but this is the first official account of it coming over, and there is quite a bit to unpack.  For one thing, the memorials and speeches once again seem like something that the Chroniclers added because it fit with their understanding of the narrative, including their insistence that Yamato was a fully fledged imperial state, and there is some fairly good evidence that King Seongmyeong's memorial is clearly anachronistic.  But there are a few other things, and conflicting records on things such as dates and similar. So first off, let's acknowledge that there are too many things in the main narrative in the Chronicles that are just questionable, such as the sovereign “leaping with joy” at the chance to hear about Buddhism, and the fact that King Seongmyeong's memorial apparently quotes a part of the sutra of the Sovereign Kings of Golden Light, known in Japanese as the Konkoumyou-saishou-ou-kyou, but that translation wasn't done until 703, during the Tang dynasty, by the monk Yijing in the city of Chang'an.  While it would have been known to knowledgable monks like Doji, who may have been helping put the narrative together in 720, it is unlikely that it was in use during the 6th century, when the memorial is said to have been written. In addition, there is question about the date that all of this supposedly happened.  The Nihon Shoki has this event taking place in 552, well into the reign of Ame Kunioshi.  However, there are at least two 8th century sources, roughly contemporary with the writing of the Nihon Shoki, the Gangoji Garan Engi and the Jouguuki, and both of these put the date at 538, a good fourteen years earlier, and in the era of Ame Kunioshi's predecessor, Takewo Hiro Kunioshi, aka Senka Tenno.  The first of these, the Gangoji Garan Engi, is a record of the founding of the first permanent temple in Japan, Gangoji, aka Hokoji or, informally, Asukadera, which was founded by Soga no Iname's heir, Soga no Umako.  More on the temple itself, later, but for now we want to focus on the historical aspects of this account, which mostly corroborate the story, talking about Soga no Iname's role in receiving the image and enshrining it, as well as the early conflict between the Soga clan and their rivals.  The other source, the Joguki, focuses on the life of Shotoku Taishi, aka Prince Umayado, who will become a major subject of our narrative at the end of the 6th and early 7th centuries.  Not only is he considered the father of Japanese Buddhism, but he had strong connections to the Soga family.  Today, most scholars accept the 538 date over the 552 date when talking about Buddhism's initial arrival into the islands   If the Chroniclers did move the event from 538 to 552, one has to wonder why.  This isn't a simple matter of being off by 60 years, and thus attributable to a mistake in the calendrical sexagenary zodiac cycle of stems and branches, so there must have been something else.  One suggestion is that the date conflicted with the chronology that had already been set for the sovereigns.  538 is during the reign of Takewo no Ohokimi, aka Senka Tenno, but what if succession was not quite as cut and dried as all that?  What if Ame Kunioshi no Ohokimi had his own court and was in some way ruling at the same time as his half-brothers, Magari no Ohine and Takewo no Ohokimi? They were from different mothers, and thus different factions at court.  Ame Kunioshi was young, so it was possible that there were rival lineages attempting to rule, or even some kind of co-ruler deal hearkening back to more ancient precedent.  Some even theorize that Magari no Ohine and Takewo Hiro Kunioshi were simply fictional inserts to help span the period between Wohodo and Ame Kunioshi. Whatever the reason, this theory suggests that it would not have happened in the 13th year of Ame Kunioshi's reign, but that his reign started in 526, rather than 540.  An intriguing hypothesis, but one that begs the question of whether everything in the reign would then need to be shifted to account for that.  Given that there are a few attributable events noted that fit with outside sources as well, that doesn't seem quite as plausible without some very conscious efforts to change the timeline. Another thought is that the compilers weren't sure exactly when this event happened, but given Ame Kunioshi's reputation and long reign, they chose his reign to place it in because it just fit.  I suspect that this happened more than once, with people more likely attributing past events to well-remembered sovereigns.  If this is the case, then when searching for a date they may have just chosen one that seemed auspicious.  In this case, 552 CE was, in some reckonings, an important year in Buddhist history, as there were those who say it as the beginning of the age of “mappou”, the “End of the Law” or perhaps the “Latter days of the Law”. This definitely is an intriguing theory, and resonates strongly.  For most of Japanese history, the idea that we are in this period of “mappo” has had a strong influence, and to a certain extent it is kind of an apocalyptic view of things.  The idea of mappo is that while the Buddha was alive, his teachings were fresh and available to all living things.  However, after his death, his teachings had to be remembered and passed on.  Even with the advent of writing, the meaning and understanding of his teachings, and thus an understanding of dharma, would also atrophy.  Different translations, changes in meaning, and just bits and pieces lost to time would mean that for the first 500 to 1,000 years, the Buddha's disciples would keep things well and the meaning would be protected, but in the next 500 to 1,000 years things would decline, but still be pretty close to the truth.  Then – and this is when the period of “mappo” starts - things would really start to decline, until finally, about 5,000 to 10,000 years later—or about 1,000 to 12,000 years after the time of the historical Buddha—things would break down, factions would be fighting one another, and eventually everyone would have forgotten the dharma entirely.  It was only then that there would come a new Buddha, Miroku or Maitreya, who would once again teach about the dharma and how to escape suffering, and the whole cycle would start again. The year 552 would have coincided, according to some estimates, with 1,000 years since the time of Siddhartha Gautama, and so it would have had particular significance to the people of that time, particularly if you counted each of the first two Ages as 500 years each, meaning that the word of the Buddha, that his teachings would spread to the East, would have been completed just as we entered the latter days of the Law. Regardless of the time—and, as I said earlier, 538 is the more accepted date—the general events described – the statue, the offer of Soga to experiment, and the resulting events - are usually agreed to, although even here we must pause, slightly and ask a few questions. First off, was this truly the first time that Buddhism had ever shown up in Japan?  The answer to that is probably not.  There had been many waves of immigrants that had come over to Japan from the peninsula, and even if only a small handful of them had adopted the new religion before coming over it is likely that there were pockets of worshippers.  Later, we will see that there are people in Japan who are said to have had prior experience as a monk, or who had their own Buddhist images.  These images were probably used by people in their homes—there is no evidence of any particular temples that had been built, privately or otherwise, and so there is no evidence that we have any active monks or nuns in the archipelago, but who knows what was going on in communities outside of the elite core?  There were plenty of things that were never commented on if it wasn't directly relevant to the court. Furthermore, with all of the envoys that had been to Baekje, surely some of them had experience with Buddhism.  And then there were the envoys *from* Baekje, who no doubt brought Buddhist practices with them.  So there was likely some kind of familiarity with the religion's existence, even if it wasn't necessarily fully understood. The second point that many people bring up is the role of the sovereign, Ame Kunioshi, or whomever was in charge at the time that the first image came over.  While the Nihon Shoki attempts to portray a strong central government with the sovereign at its head, we've already seen how different households had arisen and taken some measure of power for themselves.  At the end of the 5th and into the early 6th century, the Ohotomo and Mononobe houses were preeminent, with Ohotomo Kanamura taking on actions such as negotiating dealings with the continent and even manuevering around the Crown Prince.  The Mononobe wielded considerable authority through their military resources, and now, the Soga appeared to ascendant.  It is quite possible that the idea of the sovereign giving any sort of permission or order to worship Buddhism is simply a political fig leaf added by the Chroniclers.  The Soga may have been much more independent in their views and dealings.  To better understand this, let's take a look at the uji family system and the Soga family in particular. Now the Nihon Shoki paints a picture as though these noble uji families were organic, and simply part of the landscape, descending from the kami in the legendary age, with lineages leading down to the present day, although there is some acknowledgment that the earliest ancestors did not necessarily use the family names until a later date.  For much of Japanese history, the concept that these family, or uji, were one of the core building blocks of ancient Japanese political and cultural spheres is taken as a matter of course.  However, in more modern studies, this view has been questioned, and now the prevailing view is that these families are somewhat different.  In fact, the uji are likely just as much an artificial construct as the corporate -Be family labor groups. According to this theory, early on people were associated with local groups and places.  Outside of the immediate family, groups were likely held together by their regional ties as much as anything else.  Names appear to be locatives, with ancient titles indicating the -hiko or -hime of this or that area. Some time in the 5th century, Yamato—and possibly elsewhere in the peninsula—began to adopt the concept of -Be corporate groups from Baekje.  We talked about this back in Episode 63, using the Hata as a prime example of how these groups were brought together.  More importantly, though, was that each of these -Be groups reported to someone in the court, sometimes with a different surname.  These were the uji, created along with the -Be to help administer the labor and work of running the state.  They were essentially arms of the state itself, in many ways.  The kabane system of titles emphasizes this, with different families having different ranks depending on what they did, whether locally, regionally, or at the central court.  Some of these titles, like -Omi and -Kimi, were likely once actual jobs, but eventually it came to represent something more akin to a social ranking. There have been some questions and emails asking for a bit more in depth on this, and I'd really like to, but I'm afraid that would be too much for now.  At the moment I want to focus more on the uji, particularly on those at the top - the uji with the kabane of either Omi or Muraji, as these are the ones most likely to be helping to directly run the government.  They even had their own geographical areas within the Nara basin, and elsewhere, that were uji strongholds.  The Hata had areas near modern Kyoto, the Mononobe clearly had claims to land around Isonokami, in modern Tenri, and the Soga clan had their holdings in the area of modern Asuka and Kashihara city.  At the very least, that is where Soga no Iname's house was—in Mukuhara and Oharida, both located in the modern area of Asuka, which will become important in the future. It wasn't just the landholdings that were important, though.  Each uji had some part to play in the functioning of the government.  In many cases it was the production or control of a particular service, such as the Hata and silk weaving, or the Mononobe and their affinity with all things military.  For the Soga, they appear to have had a rather interesting portfolio. Traditionally, the Soga family is said to trace its lineage back to Takechi no Sukune, the first Oho-omi back in the time of Okinaga no Tarashi Hime and Homuda Wake no Ohokimi—see episode 46 for more on him.  That lineage is likely fabricated, however, and the earliest actual evidence for the family may be from the Kogoshui, where we are told that Soga no Machi was put in charge of the Three Treasuries.  These were the Imikura, or sacred treasury; the Uchikura, or royal household treasury; and the Ohokura, the government treasury.  This seems like quite the position of responsibility, and it would fit with some of what we see later as the Soga are involved in helping set up Miyake, the various royal storehouses across the land that acted as Yamato court administrative centers for the purposes of collecting goods and funneling them to the court, as well as keeping an eye on the local regions.  Although here I feel I would be remiss if I didn't also note that the “Three Treasuries”, or “Sanzou” is one way to translate the Tripitaka, and given the Soga's role, I don't think I can entirely ignore that point. So the Soga family had experience with administration, and specifically they were dealing with a variety of different goods produced in different regions.  If that is the case, then their authority did not necessarily derive from the standard uji-be constructed familial connections, but rather they were deriving positional authority from the central government itself.  This may seem like common sense to us, but in the world of ancient Yamato, where family connections were everything, this may have been something new and innovative—and very in keeping with various continental models of administration.  It is quite likely that the Soga were dealing with some of the latest innovations in government and political authority, which would also have opened them up to the possibility of new ideas. In addition, their position meant they likely had wide-ranging contacts across the archipelago and even onto the peninsula.  The Soga themselves have connections to the peninsula in the names of some of their members, such as Soga no Karako, where “Karako” can be translated as a “Son of Kara” or a “Son of Gaya”, possibly referring to their origins, and Soga no Kouma, where “Kouma” is a general term for Goguryeo, and so quite possibly indicates a connection with them as well.  On top of that, there is a now-out-of-favor theory that once suggested that Soga no Machi might be the same as Moku Machi, an important Baekje official in the late 5th century.  While that has been largely discredited, the fact that “Machi” is possibly of Baekje origin cannot be entirely overlooked. Then there are a series of notes in the Nihon Shoki, particularly surrounding the area of Shirai, in the land of Kibi.  These start in 553, just one year after Soga no Iname's failed attempt to launch a Buddhist temple, at least according to the Nihon Shoki's record of events.  It is a relatively simple note, but it mentions how Soga no Iname made a man by the name of Wang Jinnie the “Funa no Fubito”, or “Recorder of Ships”, and put him in charge of the shipping tax—all at the behest of the sovereign, of course. Later, in 555, Soga no Iname went with Hozumi no Iwayumi no Omi to Kibi, where they consolidated five districts, or agata, under the administration of a single administrative Miyake in Shirawi.  Later, in 556, he would go back to Kibi and establish a Miyake in Kojima, putting in place Katsuraki no Yamada as the Tazukai, or “rural rice field governor”.  That same year he and others went to the Takachi district in Yamato and established the Miyake of Ohomusa, or “Great Musa”, for immigrants from Baekje and then Womusa, or “Small Musa”, for immigrants from Goguryeo. In 569, the person that Soga no Iname had put in charge of recording the ships, Wang Jinnie, had a nephew, Itsu—or possibly Danchin, depending on how you read it—go out to Shirawi to take a census.  This is the same Shirawi that Soga no Iname had helped establish in 555.  Itsu becomes the Shirawi no Obito, and in 574 we see Soga no Umako, Iname's heir, heading out to Shirawi with an updated register for Itsu. So, in short, the Soga family clearly is doing a lot of government administration, and particularly of the Miyake, which is the extension of the court authority into the rest of the archipelago.  On top of that, look at how often the names that are coming up in conjunction with what they are doing are referencing immigrant groups.  Even the Hozumi family are known at this point for their work on the peninsula, and we see the Soga heavily involved with the Wang family and their fortunes, not to mention Greater and Lesser Musa and the Baekje and Goguryeo individuals there.  Wang Jinnie will have even more of a part to play, but we'll hold onto that for later. Given everything we can see about how they are operating, is it any surprise that the Soga would advocate in favor of Buddhism?  I'd also note that, while other clans have clear connections to heavenly ancestors and kami whom they worshipped, it is unclear to me if the Soga had anything similar.  There is mention in the 7th century of the creation of a shrine to their titular ancestors, Takeuchi no Sukune and Ishikawa no Sukune, and today there is a shrine that is dedicated to Soga tsu Hiko and Soga tsu Hime—Basically just lord and lady Soga.  But there isn't anything like the spirit of Futsunushi or Ohomononushi, let alone an Amaterasu or Susano'o. Why is that important?  Well, prior to the 6th century, a lot of clans claimed authority from the ritual power they were perceived to wield, often related to the prestige of their kami.  One of the ways that Yamato influence had spread was through the extension of the Miwa cult across the archipelago, and there were even members of the Himatsuribe and the Hioki-be, basically groups of ritualists focused on sun worship, which upheld the royal house.  The Mononobe controlled Isonokami shrine, where they worshipped their Ujigami, Futsu-mitama, the spirit of the sound of the sword.  And then there were the Nakatomi, who haven't had much to do in the narrative so far, but we know that they were court ritualists, responsible for ensuring that proper rituals were carried out by the court for the kami to help keep balance in the land. The dispute between the Soga and the Mononobe and Nakatomi is presented as a struggle between a foreign religion and the native kami of Japan—leaving aside any discussion, for now, about just how “native” said kami actually were.  This is, in fact, the primary story that gets told again and again, that the Mononobe and Nakatomi were simply standing up for their beliefs, sincerely believing that if too many people started worshipping foreign gods then it would supplant the worship already present in the islands. And that may have been a genuine fear at the time, but I would suggest that it was only a small one.  What seems more apparent is that we are really looking at just an old fashioned power struggle.  Because what all of the information we have about the Soga distills down to is: they were the new kid on the block.  The Soga were the up and coming nobility.  They had connections with the continent and various immigrant groups.  That gave them access to new ideas and new forms of resources.  The Mononobe were built on a more traditionalist line.  They had been around, ever since at least Wakatake no Ohokimi, playing a significant role in things, alongside the Ohotomo.  The Mononobe were at their apex, claiming descent through their own Heavenly Grandson, and having held sway at court through numerous reigns at this point.   They represent, in many ways, the old guard. Worship of a fancy new religious icon—effectively a new kami—threatened to give the Soga even more power and sway.  They already had control of the three treasuries, if the Kogoshui is to be believed, and likely had a rather impressive administrative apparatus.  Soga no Iname had also ended up successfully marrying off two of his daughters to Ame Kunioshi, making him father-in-law to the current sovereign.  If he added to that a spiritual focus that people came to believe in, that would only enhance the Soga's power and place in the hierarchy. And what better way to taint all of that, and neutralize these upstarts, than to blame this new god for the plague and pestilence that was killing people.  We see it all too often, even today—when people are scared and when there are problems, the easiest people to scapegoat are the foreigners and the outsiders.  Those whom we do not see as “us”.  It was probably easy to turn the court against Buddhism, at least initially.  They threw the image in the canal and burned down the temple, and no doubt they were pleased with themselves. But that was merely the opening salvo, and as we'll see in the coming years, the Soga family were hardly done with Buddhism.  One can argue whether they were truly devout or if this was merely for political gain, but the Soga family tied themselves to this new foreign religion, for good or for ill, and they wouldn't be pushed around forever. When next we touch base on this topic we'll look at Soga no Iname's heir, Soga no Umako, and his attempts to start up where his father left off.  He would again clash with the Mononobe, and the outcome of that conflict would set the path for the next half a century.  It would also see Buddhism become firmly enmeshed with the apparatus of the state.  As this happens , we'll also see the character of Buddhist worship in the archipelago change.  Initially, the Buddha was treated little differently from any other kami, and based on the way it is described, probably worshiped in a very similar manner.  However, as more sutras came to light and as more people studied and learned about the religion—and as more immigrants were brought in to help explain how things were supposed to work—Buddhism grew in the islands to be its own distinct entity.  In fact the growth of Buddhism would even see the eventual definition of “Shinto”, the “Way of the Gods”, a term that was never really needed until there was another concept for native practices to be compared against. Before we leave off, there is one other story I'd like to mention.  It is tangential to our immediate discussion of Buddhism and the Soga, but I think you may find it of interest, nonetheless.  This is the story of just what happened—supposedly—to that first Buddhist icon that was tossed into the Naniwa canal. Because you see, according to tradition, that gilt-bronze icon did not stay stuck in the mud and muck of the canal, nor did it just disappear.  Instead there is a tradition that it was found almost a century later.  The person who retrieved it was named Honda no Yoshimitsu, and from Naniwa he traveled all the way to Shinano, to the area of modern Nagano, and there he would found a temple in 642.  Another reading of his name, Yoshimitsu, is Zenko, and so the temple is named Zenkoji, and you can still go and visit it today.  In fact, the main hall of Zenkoji is considered a national treasure, and it was featured prominently during the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.  It is a popular attraction for tourist both in Japan and from abroad, and if you get a chance I highly recommend going to see it.  On the street leading up to the temple entrance are many traditional shops that still sell various foods and traditional arts and crafts, and there are many intriguring features.  For example, there is a narrow walkway underneath the main temple that is completely dark, where you are meant to feel along the wall to try to find the key to enlightenment, a kind of physical metaphor of Buddhist teaching. And of course there is the icon that Honda Yoshimitsu is said to have fished out of the canal. According to the temple, the icon still exists, and many worshippers believe it to be the oldest extant Buddhist icon in Japan, even older than the icons at Horyuji.  However, there is one catch—nobody is allowed to see it.  Shortly after it was installed in the temple, the statue was hidden in a special container, or zushi, and it became what is known as a hidden Buddha.  This is a tradition particularly prevalent in Japan, where some Buddhas are hidden away and only brought out on very special occasions.  Some cynics might note that those occasions are often when the temple needs to raise funds.  As for this hidden Buddha, however, it has not been seen more than a handful of times since it was locked away in the 7th century. Despite that, we know what it looks like—or at least what it is supposed to look like.  The image is said to be a triad, and though the Nihon Shoki claims it was an image of Shakyamuni, the central figure of the Zenkoji triad is actually the figure of Amida, aka Amithabha, as in the Pure Land sect of Buddhism.  Amida Nyorai is flanked by two attendants.  We know all of this because a copy of the Zenkoji image was made in the Kamakura period, and that image, said to be a faithful recreation of the original is also kept at Zenkoji.  While the original is kept hidden in the back, the replica, which is thought to have all of the miraculous powers of the original, sits in front, and is therefore called the Maedachi Honzon, basically the image standing in front, vice the original, the Gohonzon, the main image. Except it gets even better, because the replica is *also* kept hidden away most of the time, and only revealed on special occasions, known as Gokaicho, or “opening of the curtain”, which occurs once every seven years. The Zenkoji triad became extremely important in later centuries, and copies were made and installed in sub-temples throughout Japan.  Even today you may find a Zenkoji-style triad here or there, each one considered to have a spiritual tie back to the original, and some of them even have inscriptions confirming that they are, indeed, Zenkoji style triads Of course, the big question remains: does the original image actually still exist, and is there any chance that it actually is as old as it claims to be?  There really is no good way of knowing.  Zenkoji is not offering to open up the zushi any time soon.  We do know a few things, however.  We know that the temple has burned down at least 11 times over the years, and the Gohonzon was rescued each time, or so they say.  There are some who claim that it still exists, but perhaps it is damaged.  If that is the case, how did they make the replica, though? There was an inspection during the Edo period.  There was a rumor that it had been stolen, and so an Edo official was sent to check on the status.  They reported that it was still there, but crucially they never described actually laying eyes on the statue.  In one account where a monk did open the box it is said that their was a blinding light—kind of like the Ark of the Covenant in Indiana Jones but just overwhelming; no faces were melted, at least none that were reported. The monks of Zenkoji, when asked how they know the image is still there, will point to the weight of the container, which, when lifted, is apparently considerable.  They say that is how they know it is still there.  Of course, a melted lump of metal might be the same weight as it was when it was full statue, as long as it didn't lose any actual mass, so it is hard to tell if it is still in good condition. Even with all of that, there is the question about the veracity of the original objects lineage to begin with.  Did Honda Yoshimitsu really just find *the* original statue?  And even if he did, how would he have known what it was?  Was there an inscription:  To Yamato, from Baekje, hugs and kisses? I've yet to see anyone directly compare the purported replica with other statues, but I suspect that would be the route to at least check the age, but nobody seems to be saying that the style of the replica is blatantly wrong for a 6th or 7th century icon from the peninsula or by peninsular craftsmen.  Then again, there were plenty of local immigrants in the Naniwa area who could have potentially crafted an image.  Indeed, the area around modern Nagano even has traces of Goguryeo style burial cairns, possibly from immigrants settled out there to help with early horse cultivation, and so there is even the possibility that there were locals with the connections and skills to craft something. If you really want to know more, there is an entire work by Donald McCallum, titled “Zenkoji and Its Icon”, on not just the icon but the entire worship that sprang up around it and caused copies to spread throughout the archipelago. And that's where we will leave off for this episode.  In the next couple of episodes I want to finish up some of the secular history of this reign, and look a little bit outside of Yamato and the evidence in the Chronicles as well. Until then, thank you for listening and for all of your support.  If you like what we are doing, tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website, SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to Tweet at us at @SengokuPodcast, or reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

This week I catch up with Travis Stiles of Broken Compass Knives. Travis is a husband, father, traditional bow hunter and a custom knife maker. Travis has been building custom knives for several years now and he's really developed his craft, offering multiple hunting, hiking, and every day carry knives. We talk about last year's hunting season, the highs, the lows, knife-making and general goings-on in life. I hadn't talked to Travis since he was a guest over a year ago, so it was great getting caught up with him. Check out his products on Instagram under Broken_Compass_Knives. If you're looking to elevate your hunting and archery skills, be sure to check out the amazing courses at the Push Archery Center of Knowledge: https://thepusharchery.teachable.com/ Speaking of custom knives, also check out the great knives offered by Hiko Ito at: https://hikoito.com/ Be sure to use the discount code: 7F4RBDWD0XHD to get $5 off of Hiko's EDC Skinner Lite model. Thanks for listening! Emrah

Defrowe Airsoft Podcast - Meet The Legend - Giotto.Tactical [Germany] - S02E01 Meet Hikomaru, a dedicated airsoft player going by the callsign “DJ.” Due to his enthusiasm for equipment from the Vietnam War and his distinctive style of playing airsoft, he has grown to be a beloved figure in the community. Hikomaru brings a special flavor to every game with his loud speaker and commitment to always play for the red team. When Hikomaru was still a young man, he started his airsoft career. He was drawn to the concept of dressing up as a soldier from that time period because he was captivated by the history of the Vietnam War. He immediately established himself as a fixture at airsoft tournaments in Germany thanks to his affinity for era accurate BDU and weapons. Hikomaru quickly came to the conclusion that he wanted to provide the sport a fresh perspective. Being a lifelong lover of 1970s music, he was aware that using a loudspeaker could create a pleasant and energetic atmosphere on the battlefield. As a result, he started playing music from the era during airsoft matches after buying a portable Bluetooth speaker. The speaker was well-liked and quickly evolved into the focal point of Hikomaru's airsoft character. He became quickly referred to as “DJ” by everyone in the airsoft community as legendary music from the 1970s played in the background. Each game was made even more exciting by the music, and the participants adored the vibe that Hikomaru brought to the field. He is constantly up for new challenges and feels that being a member of the red team is an opportunity to demonstrate his boldness and tenacity. Better dead than red is his adage, which epitomizes his unshakable enthusiasm and passion for the game. Hikomaru has gained not just fame in the airsoft community but also in the online community. He posts his experiences and opinions about the sport on Instagram under the username “Giotto Tactical,” where he is amassing his fan base. He is a notable player because of his passion for the game and his original strategy. He constantly brings a good time and a dynamic atmosphere to the airsoft community, whether he's on the field of battle or posting about his experiences online. So, if you ever hear the sounds of classic 1970s music on the airsoft field, you'll know that DJ is in the house and ready to play. Check out Hiko's page and drop him a follow and some likes. Instagram https://www.instagram.com/giotto.tactical/ ---------- We talk about airsoft guns, gear, milsim, speedsoft, loadouts, tactics. You name it, it's on the table. In this podcast, we take a deep dive and get to know a local legend. We take a look behind their call sign and find out why they got into airsoft. We take a look at what their preferences are and how they like to play. We discuss the local airsoft scene and see how it differs from other countries. We also discuss their dream airsoft events, the guns they are currently using, the backstory of some of their popular IG posts and find out what their greatest accomplishment is. Podcast | Merch | Youtube | Events | Japan airsoft guide ⁠www.defrowe.com ⁠⁠ Do you want to watch the video version of the podcast? Youtube ⁠https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaJoKaHCRokeMiFEXJtqjyerxKhXN0eQc⁠ Spotify ⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/4NNKPHCGdRaEaOsPtNiNym⁠

灣察官網連結:https://www.wanchataiwan.com/ 創業這件事情一直都需要一個衝動跟契機 你也想創業嗎?來聽聽別人怎麼找到創業的動力 -怎麼會想要創業(有相關背景因素?還是本身興趣等等?) -創業前最印象深刻的故事 -創業前做了哪些準備(關於田間管理、產季視察的故事) (用兩年時間準備，探查台灣各個的產區，有什麼故事，是你老了會想要跟你小孩、孫子分享的) -創業後遇到的問題/擺攤的經歷(心得分享) -台灣茶VS國際茶，相較起來台灣茶的優勢 -茶席體驗 -聊產品(烏龍茶啤酒/烏龍茶粉/烏龍茶糖) (是不是因為你把茶服換下來之後，就是個品酒師) -如果有後輩想要步入茶這一行，你會給他什麼建議? 小額贊助支持本節目： https://open.firstory.me/user/ckwybvgs497450b74lt0arfxt 留言告訴我你對這一集的想法： https://open.firstory.me/user/ckwybvgs497450b74lt0arfxt/comments Powered by Firstory Hosting

對咖啡因非常敏感的我來說 很怕喝茶會睡不著，所以即使口渴身邊又只有茶的話 我也是會很顧忌地喝 但後來發現每種茶有咖啡因的程度不一樣，現在就可以對綠茶減少一點抗拒 想提神就拿紅茶來惹 -來賓認證題:茶湯裡面為什麼都會起氣泡甚至是泡沫? -來賓認證題:東方美人茶的由來 -對於茶的基本觀念:為什麼有阿薩姆紅茶卻沒有阿薩姆綠茶? -如何去品嘗一壺茶湯讓他在你的鼻腔跟舌頭散發濃郁香氣 -茶葉的第一泡能喝嗎?還是其實你都在喝灰塵跟農藥? -市面上的瓶裝水，哪一款泡茶最好喝? -新手怎麼買茶要考慮的因素:咖啡因低、有無烘培、苦澀性等) -關於成本，好的茶為什麼這麼貴，貴在哪裡?採收、製茶、包裝、販賣? 小額贊助支持本節目： https://open.firstory.me/user/ckwybvgs497450b74lt0arfxt 留言告訴我你對這一集的想法： https://open.firstory.me/user/ckwybvgs497450b74lt0arfxt/comments Powered by Firstory Hosting

The worldwide market is going crazy for electric cars, but Japan seems to still be in a holding pattern despite having one of the best EV charging network infrastructure in the world (more chargers than gas stations). So what cars are actually available to Japanese consumers this year? Listen in to find out and hear some insights as I look back at my savings and driving habits as a Model3 driver in 2022. Medium article this talk was based on hereBackground tunes thanks to @Hikosaemon via soundcloud for royalty free tunes - thanks Hiko!

"We're trying to find out who killed him, where, and with what!" It's our Black Friday weekend episode, and we watched Clue (1985) with pop culture aficionado Hiko Mitsuzuka @thefirstecho. I hope you recieved your letter, because this is one of our favorite comedies, like ever. This film is instantly quotable (Flames Flames from the sides of my face), and everyone in the cast is bringing their A-game. We talk about the wild range of Tim Curry who did the Worst Witch, and Legend, the same year he played the butler Wadswroth. How Mr. Green (Michael Mckean) made us feel a certain type of way, and discuss the fasinating legacy of this once panned film that's now championed as a comedy classic from an entire generation of children that grew up on it from cable and video rentals. We're all here for the high camp, and glamour of Madeline Kahn's Mrs. White, and Leslie Ann Warren selling sex in every line reading as Miss Scarlett. We hope you like monkey's brains because dinner will be served at 7:30. Thanks for listening and don't forget to subscribe, rate and review us on Apple Podcasts! www.patreon.com/moviesthatmadeusgay Facebook/Instagram: @moviesthatmadeusgay Twitter: @MTMUGPod Scott Youngbauer: Twitter @oscarscott / Instagram @scottyoungballer Peter Lozano: Twitter/Instagram @peterlasagna

＜TOPICS＞ 前回#167に続いて、古着好きの若者ヒコくんとナシくんをゲストに迎えた話し合いの後半部分をお送りします。 ・古着とポッドキャスト ・思い切り泣いたり笑ったりしようぜ ・NNS Essential PlayList ・ポッドキャスト更新頻度 ＜参考資料＞ ホームページに今回話題に挙げたコンテンツの参考資料をアップしています。 → https://newnakanostories.com/?p=1814 ＜メッセージフォーム＞ メッセージなど頂けますと大変励みになります → https://forms.gle/F7yd4QiKUpQ7d59r7 ＜今回の頻出キーワード＞ ポッドキャスト 古着 YouTube podcast カフェ アンカー 羊文学 playlists 東高円寺 rssフィード morning glory ソニックユース サブスク ティックトック spotify プレイリスト ポケモン ベルセバ ブックフ スマッシングパンプキンズ グーグードールズ クーラシェイカー テイラースイフト プライマルスクリーム スマパン レディオヘッド ボーナストラック デュエルマスターズ ヴィンテージ 下北 オアシス Instagram

https://newnakanostories.com/?p=1814 ＜TOPICS＞ 今回は古着好きの若者の友人、ヒコくんとナシくんをゲストに迎えて『せんべろ古着世代交代論』をお送りします。 長くなりましたので前後編に分けて、今回はです。 ・makito氏 せんべろ古着活動休止宣言その後 ・ナシくんのせんべろ古着TikTok ・ヒコくんの古着屋アルバイト状況 ＜参考資料＞ ホームページに今回話題に挙げたコンテンツの参考資料をアップしています。 → https://newnakanostories.com/?p=1814 ＜メッセージフォーム＞ メッセージなど頂けますと大変励みになります → https://forms.gle/F7yd4QiKUpQ7d59r7

Soundcloud de Hiko https://soundcloud.com/leomorphism_64/sets/suwrsdkmtvnv Canal Kenchu https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0vh6zrjTY8kzkUBLei129w https://www.twitch.tv/kenchstreams Twitter: @Kench1611 Telegram: t.me/KenchStreams Linktree:https://linktr.ee/Kenchplays Propinas: https://streamlabs.com/kenchplays/tip

Massive thank you to Aiden for coming on GFreak Speaks Podcast this week! Check him out in the links below:  Twitter: https://twitter.com/aidenhiko IG: @ aidenhiko Twitch: @ aidenhiko Tiktok: aidenhiko Youtube: https://youtu.be/A5Namsj6iGo If you enjoyed, I stream LIVE on Monday - Wednesday: Link in video

00:00 INTRO 01:38 G2 y la MASTERS 10:51 Astra en competitivo, ¿es viable? 23:49 Neon en la Masters y otros agentes 34:38 Sorpresas y decepciones de Masters 41:58 Watchpartys y producción Masters 51:06 Sinatraa VUELVE: debate 01:08:12 Hiko se retira de Valorant 01:13:12 Fichajes RIDERS ______ VERSUS GAMERS: https://www.vsgamers.es/ ___________________ Anfitriones: HITBOXKING - https://twitter.com/HITBOXKING NaraHNL - https://twitter.com/NaraHNL Starwraith - https://twitter.com/StarWraith Lucas Rojo - https://twitter.com/LucasRojo Lembo - http://www.twitter.com/Lembo006 _______ Redes: Discord - https://discord.gg/7xqyN4D Twitch - http://www.twitch.tv/esportmaniacos Twitter - http://www.twitter.com/univalorant Web - http://www.universovalorant.com ______ #Valorant #UniversoValorant #esports #G2VALORANT #SINATRAA #VCTMASTER #VALORANTMASTER

There's never a shortage of Drama in North America. This time 100 Thieves announces it's releasing Ec1s and BabyJ after just two official matches in VCT. TSM's bang and KCP's jcStani are set to be the new replacements, and bring a shakeup of roles on the team. Ethan will be the new IGL while Hiko will drop the Sova and likely play Sentinels. Is this the change the team needs to keep its shot at Masters alive? Tune into VALORANTING every Tuesday at 11:00 AM PT / 20:00 CET at twitch.tv/dnpeek.

We welcome Hiko back to the podcast and host our second 'watch along' with 1996's Scream! We crown the funniest line, learn behind the scene stories, and find out how they implemented one of the most iconic horror film scores on the way to making this meta-horror classic. 

YOU BETTER NOT CRY YOU BETTER NOT WHINE CAUSE NYTO REMODEL IS COMING TO TOWN

KME 211 Tracklist: 1. Oceanfromtheblue - say yes feat. Unofficialboyy 2. Parkmoonchi - Blink With RaRa, oiaisle 3. Bronze - Let Me In feat. ELO 4. O:M - Booty Call feat. Jerry 5. LeeHi - H.S.K.T. feat. Wonstein 6. THAMA - Wait, Hold On 7. Sumin & Slom - IN TOUCH 8. Parkmoonchi - m e s s a g e . . . Wtih RuRu, RaRa 9. Shin Youme - Round n Round 10. Penomeco - You Up 11. JayB - In To You feat. G1nger 12. Seori - Trigger 13. Jimmy Brown x Sweet the Kid - nike feat. Rovv 14. Riyua - These Days 15. s/s - Greed feat. Jeebanoff 16. HIKO - time goes by feat. George 17. OoOo - fuxxin' love (Band Version) 18. Soovi - Lazy feat. Jaeha 19. Nieah - Galaxy feat. Vinxen 20. Sole - Myself feat. George (Prod. by APRO)

This week we welcome Fear Street expert and mega fan, Hiko Mitsuzuka, to the podcast to discuss this Netflix horror trilogy. Tune in to hear us break down which characters we loved (and loathed), which kills made Tim clutch his pearls, and how Netflix must have paid a fortune for all those establishing songs.

Kraliçeler önce estetik çıplak pozlar veriyorlar, sonra da çeşitli pastalardan esinlenerek kişiye özel (haute couture) elbiseler tasarlıyorlar. Bu bölümümüzde Drag Race hayranı Hiko da bize eşlik ediyor.

＜talking about…＞ 横須賀の古着系Youtuber、HIKO TO NASHIのお二人に遊びに来ていただきました。 私達にとって古着とは何か？そんなテーマでおしゃべりしています。 ＜参考リンク＞ ヒコとナシ Stand.fm「耳ログ」 https://stand.fm/channels/60cf0681fa2e548a3ceff76c ヒコとナシ Youtube https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4zAkI3Vf1x29ieqiG2or8A HIKO TO NASHI instagram https://www.instagram.com/hiko_to_nashi/ ヒコ商店　instagram https://www.instagram.com/hiko.space/ nashi handmade instagram https://www.instagram.com/nashi.ns/

#今晚起節目改成6點囉！ #遠端錄音的泥Na #時不時被外星人抓走的Na編 ✨本集重點✨ ❗️ 「如果要挑戰30天歌單，大家對什麼題目有興趣？」 ❗️ 免費看到《名偵探柯南》1~97集的管道！ ❗️ 居家工作專心的訣竅是？ ❗️ #台日遠端錄音中：感謝 #Hiko #酪梨 #香菇 的投稿！

VCT Stage 2 Update, and Hiko is a Good DudeSupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/thecenterring)

This week in the Viper's Pit we go over the recent North American Masters games involving Faze and Sentinels and we make our predictions for Faze vs Sentinels as well as the finals. We play a game related to Valorant twitter and discuss Hiko's role on 100 Thieves. Follow us on Twitter: Ellie - @AutumnLimes Tyler - @BambinoVL Morgan - @BigTimeVAL1 Music by: @MusicVexed Come say hi on Twitch: @Autumnlimes

My Vietnam Podcast follows the endeavor of filmmakers Marisa and Ringo as they champion traditionally underrepresented voices and add to the conversation of change while having fun. Follow their adventures to discover fun facts and little known pockets of life from Hollywood to Little Saigon and beyond! Episode 19 – Hiko Wins An Emmy

Host Bryan-Keyth and his co-host Hiko discuss current news/ headlines and talk with special guest Inspirational Hip-Hop Artist Lu Bennett (@lubennettmusic). Follow Bryan-Keyth Wilson on Instagram @literaryprince Hiko @hikoniconico LaTreva @latrevadenean Broadway & Beyond @bwayandbeyond Please download and follow the Broadway & Beyond Podcast on all streaming platforms.

This episode we start the reign of Ōtarashi Hiko, aka Keikō Tennō.  Specifically, this episode we will be focusing on his campaigns in Kyushu against the people known as the Kumaso, as well as others:  so-called "brigands" and "tsuchigumo".

In this episode we talk we go in depth with Asuna on his background and his VALORANT career. The topics range from balancing school with pro play, how he got to the pro level, the dynamics in 100T, his role as a duelist, how he got to know dicey and more.

It's a great time to be a 100 Thieves fan. The past week's Valorant action for the JBL Quantum Cup was all an exhibition, right? I mean the outcomes didn't matter because the teams weren't trying, right? The 13-0 of wannabe hoodie org Envy doesn't REALLY matter, right? Jordan and Cole come together to enjoy what has been a great finale for the Valorant year and assure all 100T fans that yes, this is the team to beat in NA. They also look back at the five critical points of the year and what that means for the team moving forward.Join us as we Fast Peek Last Week!TIMESTAMPS: 00:00 - Intro 00:57 - Fast Peek 1: The JBL Quantum Cup ain’t no First Strike 03:31 - Fast Peek 2: #1 Hoodie Org NA - 13-0 of Envy 06:12 - Fast Peek 3: Sentinels take the semis in 3 09:02 - Fast Peek 4: Do we have a rival now? 12:20 - 2020 in 5 - 1: 100T enter Valorant w/ Hiko 15:10 - 2: Former Highgrounds roster is released 17:12 - 3: 100T 2.0 is formed 20:28 - 4: First Strike Champions 22:39 - 5: Ending the year with a meh (the Quantum Cup, not our year) 25:57 - Incendiary take from BurntCooter: If you’re picking nits, is Dicey the focal point for improving a championship team?32:14 - Outro: 2020, everyone needs a dub.Listen here.Follow 100Talk on twitter: https://twitter.com/100talkpodSubscribe to the 100Talk podcast:Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/100talkpodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5DwGKIOuNZouvF7N4TyPor?si=A4pSbfvmR3qpIBtAzJLKxgiTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/100talk-100-thieves-podcast/id1403240691?mt=2Google: http://bit.do/100talkpodStitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/den-of-thieves-100-thieves-podcastTuneIn: https://tunein.com/podcasts/Video-Games/Den-of-Thieves---100-Thieves-Podcast-p1140590/Player.fm: https://player.fm/series/den-of-thieves-100-thieves-podcast

Envy and Kaboose join us for an analysis of their First Strike performance and share their TOP 5 NA team list. We learned about Kaboose's toddler gaming career and how to properly pronounce: "mummAy."

A recap episode of the recent First Strike NA finals, in which we saw a shocking 100 Thieves win over TSM. Special guests Hazed from TSM and Sean Gares join us to analyze the playoffs and offer their hot takeaways of the tournament.

In Curveball's debut episode, we spoke with 100 Thieves' Valorant roster, where they weighed in on whether Riot's FPS could be the CSGO killer. Hiko also explained why it didn't work with the PUBG players, and the guys gave their thoughts on what changes they'd like to see implemented to make Valorant a tier-one esport.

Presented By UMGgaming.com   Follow Us On Twitter: The Valorant Show - @ValorantShow Troy "2Loud" Tuttle - @2LoudTX Taylor "Reflections" Noble - @Reflections 

In this episode, New Zealand-born Hikosaemon talks about the experience of growing up an "army brat" and moving around the world a lot. He shared about how he established his life in Japan and how the online community (especially YouTube) has evolved and grown and been a part of his non-work life for more than 10 years. His projects and interests span many fields, including music, video, and, most recently, app development. Hiko talked about MyChan, a service he has developed to help people organize their YouTube subscriptions and get more enjoyment out of the YouTube experience. Don't forget to find him on social media from the links below!Hikosaemon on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/hikosaemonHikosaemon on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/hikosaemon/Hikosaemon on Twitter: https://twitter.com/hikosaemonHikosaemon on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/hikosaemonMyChan.tv Homepage: https://mychan.tv/MyChan on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mychantv/Follow Nonnative Creative on social media for regular updates to keep your creativity flowing!Twitter: https://twitter.com/nnativecreativeInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/nonnativecreative/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/nonnativecreativeproject/Website: https://nonnativecreative.com/Find Alisha on social media:Twitter: https://twitter.com/ArishaInTokyoInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/arishaintokyo/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/arishaintokyo/Support Nonnative Creative on Patreon and get access to bonus materials like interview transcripts, vocabulary worksheets, and patron-only extras! Your support will help make sure the series can continue!https://www.patreon.com/nonnativecreative ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! Transmision desde orillas de Area 51 donde se llevo a cabo el evento de "Storm Area 51" y aproximadamente 3,000 personas se dieron cita en Rachel, Nv. para lo que termino en celebracion con musica y disfraces. Visitamos la entrada principal de la base, fuimos testigos de una protesta en la puerta tracera de Area 51, estuvimos en el Alien Research Center en Hiko, Nv. y por ultimo nuestra participacion en "Storm Area 51". US:(562)904-4822 Mex:01(800)681-1847 www.desvelado.comEscucha este episodio completo y accede a todo el contenido exclusivo de Victor Camacho. Descubre antes que nadie los nuevos episodios, y participa en la comunidad exclusiva de oyentes en https://go.ivoox.com/sq/40270

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! Continuamos desde orillas de Area 51 donde se llevo a cabo el evento de "Storm Area 51" y aproximadamente 3,000 personas se dieron cita en Rachel, Nv. para lo que termino en celebracion con musica y disfraces. Visitamos la entrada principal de la base, fuimos testigos de una protesta en la puerta tracera de Area 51, estuvimos en el Alien Research Center en Hiko, Nv. y por ultimo nuestra participacion en "Storm Area 51". US:(562)904-4822 Mex:01(800)681-1847 www.desvelado.comEscucha este episodio completo y accede a todo el contenido exclusivo de Victor Camacho. Descubre antes que nadie los nuevos episodios, y participa en la comunidad exclusiva de oyentes en https://go.ivoox.com/sq/40270

Broadcasted live on Twitch -- Watch live at https://www.twitch.tv/richardlewisreports

Taiwanese cosplay icon Hiko has been a part of the Cosplay world for over 17 years. Recently, she made her way to Melbourne's Animaga Expo. Asian Pop Radio were official radio partner to this years event and in this podcast episode our girl Jenet interviews Hiko one on one. Here's four great ways to listen to Asian Pop Radio. 1. Subscribe to our podcasts on iTunes and never miss an episode. 2. Our free APP for Asian pop tunes 24/7. Download here: goo.gl/nRFtjy 3. Here online at asianpopradio.com 4. Or search Asian Pop Radio on Tunein

TCR Episode 55, the best episode ever™. Brett serves a one show suspension (he knows what he did) while Anuj and Tim discuss the latest on Hiko and ESL VAC rule changes.Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/thecenterring)