Podcasts about Plenipotentiary

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 25, 2023 29:09

Event recorded live at IWP, DC, on March 9, 2023. About the Lecture With the inaugural anniversary of the Marcos Jr. administration coming up, Philippine Ambassador to the United States Jose Manuel G. Romualdez will elaborate on what's in store for the Philippine-US relations on topics of PH-US bilateral relations, PH foreign policy priorities, PH perspectives on global and regional security challenges, the PH-US alliance within the context of the Indo-Pacific, and prospects for future relations. About the Speaker Jose Manuel “Babe” del Gallego Romualdez was appointed Ambassador of the Republic of the Philippines to the United States of America in July 2017 by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. On 29 November 2017, he presented his credentials to US President Donald J. Trump and formally assumed office as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. Additionally, as the head of the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C., Ambassador Romualdez is concurrently the Philippines' emissary to the Commonwealth of Jamaica, Republic of Haiti; Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Dominica; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; and Saint Lucia. Prior to his appointment, Ambassador Romualdez was designated as a special envoy of the Philippine President to the United States. He also served as a member of several Philippine business delegations visiting the United States, China, Japan and New Zealand from 1989 to 2012. Ambassador Romualdez has extensive experience as a media practitioner and business executive. He used to be the Chief Executive Officer of Stargate Media Corporation and Publisher of People Asia Magazine (The Philippine Star affiliate). He was president of the Manila Overseas Press Club and vice-president of Rotary Club of Manila. Ambassador Romualdez writes columns for The Philippine Star. All his columns have a wide following of readers both in the Philippines and abroad. Born and raised in Manila, Ambassador Romualdez received a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from De La Salle College in 1970. An avid golfer, he is affiliated with Manila Golf and Country Club and the Manila Polo Club. Learn more about IWP graduate programs: https://www.iwp.edu/academic-programs/ Make a gift to IWP: https://interland3.donorperfect.net/weblink/WebLink.aspx?name=E231090&id=18

plenipotentiary

Becoming The Muse

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 19, 2023 0:44

A short poem inspired by a word I learnt from the Gold Mafia Documentary where I first learnt the word PLENIPOTENTIARY You can read the article on Becoming The Muse

plenipotentiary

Plenipotentiary

Adv. Melisa Rodrigues

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 8, 2023 0:13

Meaning of the term Plenipotentiary

meaning plenipotentiary

144: Greybeard talks AI IO with Subramanian Kartik & Howard Marks of VAST Data

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 28, 2023 25:32

Sponsored by Today we talked with VAST Data's Subramanian Kartik (@phyzzycyst), Global Systems Engineering Lead and Howard Marks (@DeepStorage@mastodon.social, @deepstoragenet) former GreyBeards co-host and now Technologist Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary at VAST. Howard needs no introduction to our listeners but Kartik does. Kartik has supported a number of customers implementing AI apps at VAST and prior … Continue reading "144: Greybeard talks AI IO with Subramanian Kartik & Howard Marks of VAST Data"

ai data vast subramanian howard marks kartik greybeard plenipotentiary greybeards

The U.S.-Philippines Alliance - with Amb. Jose Manuel G. Romualdez

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 23, 2023 29:09

How To Remember Auschwitz-Birkenau? Wojciech Soczewica on why we must never forget this unique monument to evil

Keen On Democracy

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 16, 2023 43:37

In this KEEN ON episode, Andrew talks to the director general of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation, Wojciech Soczewica, about how to visit - both in person and online - this unique monument to evil. A graduate of the Institute of International Relations at the University of Warsaw and the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He worked at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, then in the Office of the Prime Minister's Plenipotentiary for International Dialogue. In 2013-2015, Director of the International Cooperation Team in the Office of the Polish Commissioner for Human Rights. Since November 2015, Deputy Director for International Cooperation at the Warsaw City Hall. Since January 2019, Director General of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation. Name as one of the "100 most connected men" by GQ magazine, Andrew Keen is amongst the world's best known broadcasters and commentators. In addition to presenting KEEN ON, he is the host of the long-running How To Fix Democracy show. He is also the author of four prescient books about digital technology: CULT OF THE AMATEUR, DIGITAL VERTIGO, THE INTERNET IS NOT THE ANSWER and HOW TO FIX THE FUTURE. Andrew lives in San Francisco, is married to Cassandra Knight, Google's VP of Litigation & Discovery, and has two grown children. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

director university google san francisco office evil ministry institute unique discovery human rights prime minister deputy director gq international relations never forget foreign affairs litigation director general warsaw monument wojciech auschwitz birkenau international cooperation andrew keen plenipotentiary international dialogue diplomatic academy keen on digital vertigo how to fix the future

Thinking about Ukraine: Four Options -- Dr. Henry Nau

united states america american science technology japan politics mexico state thinking ukraine north carolina congress white house myth economics web options taiwan perspectives columbia university stanford university cold war providence ottawa political science liberal inevitable johns hopkins university foreign policy george washington university versailles cancun international affairs truman massachusetts institute lieutenant williamsburg emeritus professor rising sun bragg national review polk national security council minsk nationalists special assistant under secretary airborne divisions williams college nau national interests economic affairs realists advanced international studies sais japanese government russian chinese johns hopkins sais plenipotentiary iwp japanese embassy japanese diet

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 25, 2023 59:23

About the Lecture America can escape “forever” wars, but it cannot escape “forever” debates about American foreign policy. The debate today about Ukraine reflects four time-tested ways of thinking about America's role in the world. Nationalists urge America to stay out of Ukraine and conflicts in general outside the western hemisphere. Realists, now called Restrainers, envision a “frozen conflict” or status quo outcome that splits the difference between western and Russian/ Chinese interests in Ukraine and Taiwan. Liberal internationalists appeal to diplomacy and the Minsk process to reach a cease fire, demilitarization and gradual settlement of disputes through peaceful processes and institutions. Finally, conservative internationalists address the conflict in ideological terms, authoritarian versus democratic governments, and insist that freedom “wins” in Ukraine and Taiwan through a Cold War process of balancing power and eventual negotiations that tilt toward freedom. About the Speaker Henry R. Nau is an Emeritus Professor of Political Science and International Affairs at George Washington University. He holds a B.S. degree in Economics, Politics and Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from The Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). He taught at Williams College (1971-73) and George Washington University (1973-2019) and as visiting professor at Columbia University, Stanford University and Johns Hopkins SAIS. His books include Conservative Internationalism: Armed Diplomacy Under Jefferson, Polk, Truman, and Reagan (Princeton 2013, paperback with new preface 2015); The Myth of America's Decline (Oxford 1990, paperback with new preface 1991); At Home Abroad (Cornell 2002); and Perspectives on International Relations (Sage 2021, 7th edition 2021). His latest articles include “Why Reagan Matters,” The National Review, July 10, 2022; “Why Nation-Building is Inevitable,” Providence, August 31, 2021; and “What Trump Gets Right about U.S. Foreign Policy,” The National Interest, April 30, 2020. From January 1981 to July 1983, he served on President Reagan's National Security Council as senior staff member and White House sherpa for the Annual G-7 Economic Summits at Ottawa (1981), Versailles (1982), Williamsburg (1983) and a special summit with developing countries at Cancun, Mexico (1982). Dr. Nau also served, in 1975-1977, as Special Assistant to the Under Secretary for Economic Affairs in the Department of State and, from 1963-65, as Lieutenant in the 82nd Airborne Division, Ft. Bragg, North Carolina. From 1989-2016 he directed the U.S.-Japan-South Korea Legislative Exchange Program bringing together semiannually legislators from the U.S. Congress, Japanese Diet and South Korean National Assembly, the only forum for regular off the record political discussions among these three major Asia allies. In recognition of this Program, the Japanese Government awarded Professor Nau The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, presented by the Japanese Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to the United States, Kenichiro Sasae, at the Japanese Embassy, September 29, 2016. Learn more about IWP graduate programs: www.iwp.edu/academic-programs/ Make a gift to IWP: interland3.donorperfect.net/weblink/Web…31090&id=18

Ukraine has found a true friend in Australia and counts on an enduring partnership - Австралія і австралійці - надійнi приятелі та партнери України. І не тільки про це...

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Play Episode Listen Later Dec 27, 2022 23:13

Bogdan Rudnytski interviewed Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Australia Volodymyr Shalkivskyi. Diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Australia were established 10 January 1992 by exchange of Verbal Notes. The Embassy of Ukraine in Australia was opened 14 April 2003. Since 1993 the Honorary Consulate of Ukraine operates in Melbourne. Australian Embassy in Ukraine was opened in February 2015. - Богдан Рудницький в оту різдвяно-новорічну пору розмовляє із високодостойним Тимчасово Повіреним у справах України в Австралії Володимиром Шальківським. Зокрема, мова йде про дружні взаємини двох країн та допомогу від австралійців потерпаючій Україні від аґресії російських збройних сил.

3.20 Fall and Rise of China: Second Opium War #2: Lord Elgin's Reluctant War

Kings and Generals: History for our Future

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 31, 2022 37:52

Last time we spoke Rear Admiral Seymour took the charge as he waged war first on the city of Canton to hunt down the seemingly tyrannical Ye Mingchen. Seymour took the city quickly and with ease, but knew he had no way to hold onto it so he opted to start capturing all the forts he could along the riverways. Meanwhile back in Britain, the politicians were raging over the entire conflict and what was to be the best course of action. The Torries and Whigs fought another to use the issue for their own interests and it seems the Torries might be successful at thwarting the need for another war with China, but not if the Whigs had anything to say about it. Now a new figure will come to the forefront to be placed in charge of the China issue and it will consume his life. Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. #20 This episode is Part 2 of the Second Opium War: Lord Elgin's reluctant War Now outside parliament, the British public was in a jingoistic mood after winning the Crimean War. Palmerston began to appeal to the masses on the basis of patriotism. Meanwhile the Prime Minister decided to appoint a plenipotentiary to carry out negotiations with the Qing court. The Duke of Newcastle was Palmerstons first choice, but he rejected the job as he knew it would be a thankless one and would earn him no favors. On March 13th, in the middle of a general election, Palmerston announced a new appointment for the new envoy to China. It was the popular Scotsman, former governor of Jamaica and British North America, James Bruce the Earl of Elgin, a direct descendant of Robert the Bruce. Lord Elgin was the son of a famous antiquarian who had notoriously preserved or better said vandalized, if you're Greek, parts of Ancient Athens by shipping them back to Britain. Yes the British museum issue. Elgin also sold these pieces of history in question to the British Museum at around 35,000 pounds in 1816 before going bankrupt and leaving England in exile to escape creditors. So yeah daddy was not a good person so to say. Ironically Elgin's fathers actions would haunt him in this story, because he would perform a heinous act on a similar level. During the 3 day voting period that began on March 28th of 1857, the Whigs managed to return to office with a landslide victory. Turns out Palmerston had won the public over, alongside the Queen and now parliament. The day before Palmerston named Elgin the plenipotentiary to China, Elgin wrote to his wife “My Dearest, I have had a note from [Palmerston] followed by an interview. The proposal is to undertake a special mission of a few months' duration to settle the important and difficult question now embarrassing us in the East and concentrating the attention of all the world. On what grounds can I decline? Not on political grounds for however opposed I might be to the Govt. that would be a reason to prevent them from making the offer, but not me from accepting it. The very mission of a Plenipotentiary is an admission that there are errors of policy to be repaired.” Elgin's wife responded “Dearest, it was unexpected but if your conscience and feelings tell you to say yes I would not for the world dissuade you. God bless you my own darling. I promise you to do my best not to distress you. Forgive me if I can't write more today. Your own ever Mary.” Now Lord Elgin had a very impressive career, as I said he had been the governor of Jamaica and the governor-general of British North America, I live in quebec and he is quite the figure here. There is a statue of him in front of the Quebec parliament building. Lord Elgin attempted to establish responsible government to Canada, wrestled issues of immigration to Canada and took a surprising stance during a French English conflict. You see there were rebellions in what was then Upper and Lower Canada over various colonial issues. Lord Elgin ended up compensating French Canadians who had suffered during the rebellions and this greatly pissed off his British colleagues. On top of that Elgin invited the leader of the lower Canada revolt, Papineau to dine with him at the governor-generals residence in Canada. An English mob began burning parliament buildings in montreal, Elgin was assaulted, but instead of calling in the military, Elgin got his family to safety and allowed civil authorities to restore order. Anyways Elgin did a lot in Canada such as setting up economic treaties with the US and such, he is a large figure in my countries history, though I'd argue not many Canadians are even aware of him haha. Canadian history can be, the best way to put it, a bit boring. Now back to the story at hand, Lord Elgin was a very well regarded figure for his capabilities and royal blood. But he also held a ton of debt from his father, the Greek artifact plunderer. Elgin was notably not xenophobic in a time when many British were. Elgin spoke English and French and was a highly educated man. The day before Elgin set off for China he was given detailed instructions from Lord Clarendon. Clarendon ordered Elgin that under no circumstance was he to try and retake Canton, a tall order since Bowring and Seymour were literally trying to do just that. Clarendon stated he was to acquire the right for Britain to send an ambassador to Beijing to conduct and direct negotiations with the Qing imperial court. He was to demand the opening of new ports of trade and to force the Qing government to adhere to the terms of the treaty of Nanjing. Military force was to be only a last resort if the Emperor refused and Elgin was urged to contain the military action to naval attacks only to save British lives. Elgin had his own demand, he wanted the British military forces in China to be under his sole command. Britain ended up giving Elgin joint command alongside Lt Generals Ashburnham and Seymour who could decide when and where to attack. Elgin made record time journeying to China by riding on the brand new railroad that cut across the Isthmus of Suez. From Suez he took a ship, rounding the coast of India in late May. Elgin came across troops who had been summoned from Bombay and Calcutta. Interesting side note, in May, Sepoy's, those being Indian troops of the East India Company Army, stationed in Meerut performed a mutiny. They had refused to follow orders from the British officers and on May 10th, an entire garrison killed their officers, their families and any Europeans in the vicinity. Word spread of the mutiny resulting in similar outbreaks amongst other sepoy units. Within just a few days there was a widespread rebellion as some Indian prince joined, rallying against the British Raj. Northern India was ablaze with bloodshed and it looked like Britain was at threat of losing its greatest colony. Elgin arrived in Singapore on June 3rd where he was met with two letters from Lord Canning the governor general of india. The letters told Elgin the dire news and begged him to divert troops assigned to the China mission to come help in India. Canning was an old classmate of Elgin and said “If you send me troops they shall not be kept one hour more than is absolutely needed.” Elgin had no time to consult with Plamerston or Clarendon, as it would take 2 months to get word back to London. Without hesitation Elgin diverted 1700 men of the 90th regiment from Mauritius to help quell the rebellion. I obviously cant go into the Indian Rebellion of 1857, but just want to say if you get a chance do learnt about it, an absolutely horrible event. Around 150,000 Indians were killed in the rebellion with 100,000 of them being civilians. The British suffered around 6000 troops and 40,000 civilians killed. The British forces performed massacres and numerous atrocities in places like Delhi, Kanpur, Lucknow and Allahabad. On top of the war deaths, it is estimated up to a possible 800,000 Indians would die from famine and disease as well. A truly horrible event. Back to Elgin, he faced a period in Singapore where he had to await some troops from India to come over to China and during this period he began to study the China situation. Elgin visited an opium den in Singapore to witness the evil effects of the drug firsthand. He wrote this to his wife about the experience “They are wretched, dark places with little lamps. The opium looks like treacle, and the smokers are haggard and stupefied, except at the moment of inhaling, when an unnatural brightness sparkles from their eyes,” As a result of dispatching men to India to help Canning, Elgin now had to go to China aboard a single ship, the Shannon without any troops. He arrived in Hong Kong on July 2nd of 1857 and was welcomed warmly by the Chinese. Seymour was not all too pleased to find Elgin arriving without any troops. Seymour soon pressed Elgin to form an attack on Canton, handing to him a petition signed by 85 British opium merchants who all believed if Canton fell to the British, the Emperor would have to capitulate to all of their demands. Elgin did not give in to the pressure, though he also did not have the troops to carry out the task regardless. Elgin then began to brush shoulders with Harry Parkes and they did not get off on the right foot. Parks said of Elgin “He may be a man that suits the government well, very cautious, having ever before him [placating] Parliament, the world, the public, etc.” Parkes soon began a campaign against Elgin by sending a ton of letters back home criticizing Elgin for what he called “too generous a treatment of the Chinese”. As warhawkish as Seymour and Parkes could be, it was Bowring who really brought the heat. Bowring felt demoted by Elgin's new position and began to work behind the scenes to bring Elgin down. Bowring also began to lecture Elgin on the imperative for full scale military action against Canton. “There is quite an explosion of public opinion as to the fatal mistake which would be committed by any movement upon Peking until the Cantonese question is settled. Many think such a movement might imperil the whole trade of China. I am quite of the opinion that any action which refers the Canton question to the Emperor would be a most injurious and embarrassing step.” Elgin for the most part ignored Bowring and opted instead for negotiations as were his instructions. Elgin also shared a concern it seems the other men did not, Elgin worried about tearing China apart. Elgin did not want to topple the Manchu rulers of China and throw the nation into some Balkanization hellscape which would only make things harder for Britain to deal with. The Taiping and their talk of banning private property scared Elgin, who knew Britain's trade would be hurt by such rule. In the end Elgin did not wait for his reinforcements from India, he instead went to India himself. Elgin gathered a small force of 400 marines and sailors aboard the 55 gun ship Shannon and sailed for Calcutta. Elgin made it to Calcutta on June 14th where he found the city abandoned by its European residents. Turned out there was a rumor the Sepoy's were going to march into the city to slaughter the Europeans so they all fled, the rumor proved to be false however. Elgin was mortified by the situation in India. He was lambasted with horror stories of sexual atrocities committed against British subjects and mass hangings in reprisal. One Major Renard, ordered the execution of 12 Indians for allegedly turning their faces the wrong way as Renards troops marched past them. That same Major also allegedly burnt down every Indian village he passed and hung 42 villagers along the way. Elgin sent a letter back to his wife “I have seldom from man or woman since I came to the East heard a sentence that was reconcilable with the hypothesis that Christianity had come into the world. Detestation, contempt, ferocity, vengeance, whether Chinamen or Indians be the object.” Elgin hopped aboard the steamship Ava on september 20th to return to China. Back in China, Bowring had taken advantage of Elgin's trip by making overtures to Ye Mingchen in violation of Britain's instructions that the Chinese viceroy should only deal with Elgin. When Elgin found out and confronted Bowring, Bowring simply denied it. A month after Elgin had arrived to China, his French counterpart arrived, Baron Gros. The French aristocrat quickly began to share Elgin's hatred for Bowring upon meeting the man. Gros and Elgin both agreed to disagree with Bowring's ideas from the offset. Gros and Elgin agreed the response to the arsenic bakery debacle and the murder of Father Chapedelaine, would be a well coordinated, measured and hopefully light on military deaths. Gros advocated for an attack upon Beijing, while Elgin urged for negotiation. However, foreign minister Clarendon chose another option. Clarendon sent Elgin a letter on October 14th supporting Bowrings ideas. Winter was fast approaching, and the Bei He River, the gateway to Beijing would be frozen before an allied army could reach the city gates. Thus Clarendon advocated for an attack on Canton. Elgin was forced to allow Bowring to take the lead. In november, William Reed, the new American Minister showed up aboard the 55 gun steamship Minnesota. Reed was instructed by his government that America would remain neutral in the inevitable conflict. Russia's emissary, Count Euphemius Putiatin also arrived in november aboard the Amerika. Putiatin brought with him a proposal for China, if the emperor would give Manchuria to the Russians, the Tsar would help the Qing stamp out the Taiping Rebels once and for all. So each of the 4 nations brought their representatives looking to strike a deal with the Qing dynasty. In December of 1857, 3 ships carrying 2000 British soldiers from Calcutta sailed into Canton's harbor followed by a French fleet led by Admiral Rigault de Genouilly. Elgin and Gros sent Ye Mingchen separate ultimatums. France demanded the murderers of Father Chapedelaine to be brought to justice, reparations and permission to operate unrestricted in Canton. Britain demanded compliance with the terms of the treaty of Nanjing; a permanent British ambassador in Beijing; and unspecified reparations for the loss of life and property. Elgin felt his demands were reasonable, but also knew full well they were unacceptable for the Emperor. Ye Mingchen believed the demands to be mere posturing rather than actual threats. He did not have the authority to satisfy the British and French ultimata. So he did nothing…well nothing is a strong word he actually began spending his time by beheading 400 Taiping and placed their heads on spikes atop Cantons walls. It seems perhaps Ye believed such actions would scare off the foreigners, because he had no real army or navy to back him up. Well his brutality against the Taiping sure backfired. The British enlisted 700 really enraged Hakka to man the artillery at the Dutch Folly which was across the Pearl River near the foreign factories. Hakka if you remember made up some of the Taiping ranks as they were a persecuted ethnic minority in Guangxi province. 8 British and 4 French steamships arrived to the scene to add extra military might. Ye Mingchen replied to the British and French in separate letters. To the British Ye stated, that in 1850 Sir George Bonham had agreed to give up access to Canton to avoid a war with the Qing dynasty. Ye heard that Bonham was given the Order of Bath and perhaps if Elgin did likewise he could also receive such a title. Ye was not aware that the title of Earl was high than that of Sir, but give the guy some credit for doing some homework on the foreign advisory. As for the treaty of Nanjing, Ye simply stated the Emperor declared the terms would be held inviolate for 10 millennium, it would be suicide to go against the Emperor. Ye sent a similar letter to the French and while he made these rather coy and cheeky remarks he did not seem to grasp the very real war threat going on. It may have been because he was too distracted by the Taiping rebellion, which to be brutally honest was a much more pressing concern, regardless Ye lacked any real strategy with how to deal with the foreign threat. When the British and French landed on Henan island, opposite of Canton of December 15th, Ye apparently made no move. The British and French disembarked without any resistance and found the strategic island undefended and without fortification. 200 Chinese war junks and sampans near Henan island fled as soon as the British and French had arrived. On December 21st, Elgin, Gros and Putiatin had a talk aboard the French flagship Audacieuse. They all agreed to give Ye Mingchen one more chance before the shelling of Canton began. They sent Ye a 2 day deadline to meet their demands. As they waited Elgin wrote in his diary “Canton the great city doomed I fear to destruction by the folly of its own rulers and the vanity and levity of ours.” While they waited for 2 days, Elgin and Gros discussed military organization. Admiral Seymour and Rigault would command sea forces, while land troops would be commanded by General Ashburnham. On paper the invaders seemed to be completely out gunned. Canton's 6 mile wall circumference was 25 feet high and 20 feet wide. The allied force amounted to 800 men of the Indian Royal Sappers and Miners and the British 59th regiment of Foot, 2100 Royal marines, 1829 men of a British naval brigade and 950 men of the French Navy. The Qing forces were 30,000 strong at Canton, they were outnumbered 5 to 1. The Europeans did have one major tactical advantage however. The European ship born artillery had superior range and firepower compared to Cantons gun and their position on Henan island was within shelling distance of Canton. On December 22nd, Ye's deadline ran out, but Elgin and Gros hesitated. On December 24th, perhaps because it was so close to Christmas they decided to give the Viceroy another 3 days to accept their terms, but Ye did not respond. On the evening of the 27th, the Europeans sent a reconnaissance team ashore a mile from the city's walls. On the morning of the 28th, the Anglo-Franco armada began shelling the city with artillery support from Henan. The bombardment went on for an entire day and on top of the shells, the europeans also fired incendiary rockets. It is alleged the Qing defenders only tossed back 2 shells. It is estimated the Chinese suffered almost 200 casualties to the shelling, while the incendiary rockets lit parts of Canton ablaze.While the day long shelling was raging on, 500 British and French forces landed and made their way through some rice paddies and came across a cemetery. At the cemetery Qing soldiers were taking up positions behind tombstones. Many of the Qing soldiers were armed with an 18th century weapon known as a Jingall. Now if you have a chance to google these, please do because they are comical to say the least. Its a muzzle loaded giant musket, the barrel is around 60 inches. Usually these were mount on walls, but they could be placed on tipods or on the shoulder of a comrade while you shoot it. Picture a comically big musket and thats basically what it looks like. In the west we call them “wall guns”, anyways they are extremely impractical. So for the Qing it took at minimum 2 men to fire one Jingall and usually when they fired them, the kick back knocked the men to the ground which provided quite the slapstick humor for the Europeans witnessing it. Many of the Qing soldiers also fired bow and arrow alongside some firelock muskets. On the other side, the British and French were using 19th century rifles, such as the British Enfield Rifle and French Minie rifle. Basically it was like Mike Tyson fighting an infant. The Europeans began to take up positions behind tombstones similar to the Qing. During the night the european formed an HQ in a temple on the cemetery grounds and apparently did nothing while some of their soldiers began to ransack the cemetery's statuaries thinking they would find gems or gold inside them. Dawn of the next day, the Europeans woke up to a shocking sight. On the hills behind Canton emerged 1500 Qing soldiers. The Qing soldiers had fled the battle to go atop the hill and were simply staring at the Europeans like they were watching a sports game. It seems Ye's brutality had caused a lot of dissatisfaction amongst the local populace and this resulted in quite the lackluster will to fight. At 9am Admiral Rigault personally led French troops towards the walls of canton carrying scaling ladders. The defenders on top of the walls provided little resistance, while some Chinese artillery on some nearby hills tried to shell the invaders. By 10am British and French flags were flying from the 5 story Pagoda near the walls. Alongside the wall climbing, the British stormed the East Gate of the city with ease. Over 4700 British, Indian alongside 950 French troops scaled the walls in total. Seymour and Rigault had stopped the shelling to allow the troops to get atop the walls and began to fire again, but Elgin quickly forced them to stop deeming it overkill. The death toll was incredibly lopsided, the French reported 3 men dead and 30 wounded, the British reported 13 men dead with around 83 wounded. The Qing suffered upto a possible 650 casualties. The allies set to work hunting Ye Mingchen who they believed was still hiding in the city. Ye's second in command Pih-kwei came out suddenly making a proclamation that he would no longer associate himself with Ye Mingchen nor his disastrous policies. On New Years day, Elgin made a tour of Canton and noticed a lack of resistance, confirming to himself he made the right decision to halt the shelling. Then Elgin witnessed large scale looting. Elgin's private secretary Laurence Oliphant noted “While honest Jack was flourishing down the street with a broad grin of triumph on his face, a bowl of goldfish under one arm and a cage of canary-birds under the other, honest Jean, with a demure countenance and no external display, was conveying his well-lined pockets to the waterside.” It seemed the French preferred to grab cash while the British sought out souvenirs. Elgin feared losing control of the men and ordered them to all stop looting, but he had no authority for the French forces. Upon seeing that the French were not halting their looting, the British soldiers soon rejoined the plundering spree. Elgin lamented the situation in his diary “My difficulty has been to prevent the wretched Cantonese from being plundered and bullied. There is a [Hindi] word called ‘loot' which gives unfortunately a venial character to what would, in common English, be styled robbery. Add to this that there is no flogging in the French Army, so that it is impossible to punish men committing this class of offenses.” The son of Howqua and other Cohong merchants began to petition Elgin to do something to restore order and stop the plunder and destruction of Canton. Within mere days of the city's occupation, 90% of its inhabitants fled the city. One thing Elgin did not seem to mind though was “official expropriations” and sent one Colonel Lemon with a few Royal marines to Canton's treasury where they seized 52 boxes of silver, 68 boxes of gold ingots and over a millions dollars worth in silver taels. This “legal plunder” wink wink, was put aboard the HMS Calcutta and sent post haste to India. After all, the war had to be paid for. On January 5th, over 8000 British and French marched through the gates of Canton unopposed. Harry Parkes grabbed a squad of 100 Royal Marines and rushed over to Ye Mingchens residence armed with a miniature of the man to identify him. This was quite the smart move, because many of Ye Mingchen's subordinates had attempted to pass themselves off as the viceroy to protect him. Well the tactic provided results as they caught Ye as he was trying to climb over the rear wall of his residence. A marine seized Ye by his queue and dragged the man to a sedan chair enclosed with bars to humiliate him. The tiny prison was put aboard the steamship Inflexible to an audience of Europeans and many Hakka, including Taiping rebels who taunted the disgraced viceroy by making the slashing throat gesture. When the marines searching Ye's residence they came across his letters back to the Qing court, giving them a ton of insight into how the Qing worked. That same day, Elgin and Gross named Ye's second in command, Pih-Kwei the new governor of Canton, but he would be advised by the triumvirate of Parkes, Captain Martineau and Colonel Holloway. The 3 real powers behind Pih-Kwei were granted control of judiciary, and to vet edicts before they were promulgated. Each man spoke Chinese and would report to Clarendon. Elgin wrote to Clarendon to explain the situation “If Pih-kwei was removed or harshly dealt with we should be called upon to govern a city containing many hundred thousand inhabitants with hardly any means of communicating with the people.” The Europeans also created a police force for Canton to stop all the looting and restore confidence in the once great commercial city. Howqua, his son and the other Cohong merchants found the new situation with the Europeans a far better deal than what would occur if the Taiping took Canton. Pih-Kwei received secret instructions from Beijing on January 27th, ordering him to organize an army of civilians and kick the invaders out. He also received orders from Seymour to hand over 17 Chinese war junks to help fight off a Taiping fleet obstructing the Pearl River. On the 28th, 2 french warships, the Fusee and Mitraille both shelled Ye's residence to further Ye's punishment. Ye's subordinates made attempts to rescue him from his prison, so Elgin sent Ye into exile to Calcutta on February 20th. In Calcutta Ye lived under house arrest for a year until he starved himself to death. Back over in Canton, the 70th Sepoy regiment arrived in March to reinforce Canton's garrison. The Sepoys were delighted when they found out 200 Chinese servants were assigned to them as they had been dealing with a lot of racism. Notably the British called them the N word and the French killed 3 Sepoys claiming they were looting. No Europeans were ever shot for looting in Canton. Elgin, Seymour and Gross then took a naval squadron up north towards the mouth of the Bei He River by April 24th. The British, French and Russian plenipotentiaries sent a joint communique to the governor of Zhili province, Tan. Elgin, ever the pacifist, tried to negotiate a way out of further bloodshed writing to Tan to see if they could meet a minister duly authorized by Emperor Xianfeng. Tan performed the standard Chinese response, by stalling and claiming he didn't have the power to negotiate with them. Apparently in his letter response, he used larger characters for the Emperor than that of Queen Victoria which infuriated the British as it was yet again in violation of the terms to the treaty of Nanjing, that both nations be considered equal. Ironically if you think about it, the British and Qing were both so uptight about such status symbols and such. Tan sent another letter that indicated the Chinese position was shifting somewhat, iit offer some negotiation, opened some ports, granted religious freedom to Christians and agreed to pay reparations for the foreign factories being destroyed in 1856. Tan also said he passed on the Europeans request for an embassy in Beijing to the Emperor. What he did not tell them, was that the Emperor rejected that request outright. Putiatin in an attempt to avoid further bloodshed pleaded with the parties to accept this offer, but allegedly the French Foriegn office replied to him with a smirk “they are only Chinese lives”. On a bit of a side note, a rather remarkable thing occurred on the Russian side of this story at this time. The Archimandrite, named Palladius, something of a spiritual leader to a tiny population of Russians living in Beijing was granted permission by Emperor Xianfeng to visit the European fleet at the end of may. He was forced to travel in a sealed litter. Prior to leaving, Putiatin got word to the man ordering him to gather as much intelligence as he could traveling towards them. Palladius was able to peer through a small crack in the shutter and did his best to get details on the position of the Qing fleet. When Palladius arrived he brought with him great news, apparently Beijing was starving and the rambunctious life of the Emperor was catching up to him. Please note the Emperor was only 30 years old, guy must have really partied it up. Another thing the Emperor was doing was strongly contemplating leaving the country because he was terrified. Meanwhile Elgin's anxiety was being lifted day by day as more warships arrived. By late May, the combined Anglo-French fleet was now 26 gunboats strong, preparing to take on the famous Taku Forts that guarded the mouth of the Bei He River. D-day was to be may 20th and the invaders were just 100 miles away from Beijing. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The reluctant Elgin had done it, they seized Canton and finally brought Ye Mingchen to British justice. The British French coalition was working its way slowly but surely to straggle Beijing and force its Emperor to abide by their demands.

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3.12 Fall and Rise of China: West meets East

Kings and Generals: History for our Future

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 5, 2022 67:04

Last time we spoke, the Qing dynasty had enjoyed the first half of the 18th century with relative ease and prosperity, however the end half and emergence of the 19th century would not be so fruitful. The White Lotus Rebellion of 1794-1804 took root during one of the most corrupt ridden times in Chinese history. One of China's most corrupt figures and one of the richest men in history, Heshen was executed by the new Jiaqing Emperor. Then the Jiaqing Emperor had to quell the White Lotus menace which cost the empire a possible 100 million taels of silver. Despite being successful, the White Lotus rebellion would spread a seed of destruction for the Qing dynasty that would grow overtime and bloom into multiple revolts and rebellions. Now we look to another aspect of China during the early 19th century, its struggle against the looming threat of western greed. This episode is the A West meets East story Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on the history of asia and much more so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. #11 The West meets East failure Now while the last podcast highlighted the corruption of Heshen and his long lasting effect on the Qing dynasty during the late half of the 18th century, I intentionally avoided speaking about something. That something was the envoys sent by Britain to China to open up trade relations. The rationale was that I wanted to highlight why the White Lotus came to be and the British envoy stories would have derailed it, but in actuality, the corruption, White Lotus rebellion and British envoys all simultaneously play a very important role in the downfall of the Qing Dynasty. So let us go back in time a bit to begin what is quite honestly the emergence of one of the largest drug cartel stories of all time. Lord George Macartney was a well seasoned diplomat with an extensive resume and a reputation for getting things done. He had that classic story of being raised in poverty, but rising to the top. He began his career as a barrister in England before entering the foreign service. He was no aristocrat, came from no significant family, thus earned his way through merit. His skills and intellect eventually landed him the appointment as an envoy to the Qing Dynasty to establish a British embassy in China. Up to this point in his life, everything he did was a success, but China would prove to be a hard nut to crack. In 1764 Macartney was knighted at the young age of 27 and sent as an envoy to russia. It was a rather scandalous rumor that he was sent as the envoy not merely for his skills and intellect, but because of his good looks as it was believed it would sway the Empress, Catherine the Great to the interests of Britain. After 3 years in Russia, Sir Macartney returned with the Empress's good affection, symbolized in a gem-studded snuff box. This bolstered Macartney into the social circles of the elites and by 1767 he was elected to Parliament and soon appointed the Chief Secretary of Ireland. After some years of service within the United Kingdom, Macartney sought out more adventure and took up a post as governor of the Caribbean Islands in the West Indies. He was soon awarded with the title of Bron and in 1780 received the appointment as governor of Madras India. He worked that office 6 years and became a viscount. Then in 1793 he sailed for one of the most illusive and exotic lands, that of China. Viscount Macartney was given a simple orders from George III: establish a British embassy in the capital and get permission for British ships to dock at ports besides Canton. Now you might be asking, whats the problem with Canton? Nothing, except for foreign barbarians it was the only port of access for all of China at this time. For those who have never heard of this, the Canton System which began in 1757 was a trade system of the Qing dynasty. The Qianlong Emperor faced numerous problems when he inherited the empire, one being the threat of foreign trade. While trade obviously is a beneficial thing, it can sometimes cause harm, as such the Qing dynasty had some worries about trade with foreign lands. For one thing, the intrusion of missionaries had caused some pretty brutal conflicts in China. After this Emperor Qianlong ordered his court to make some changes to foreign trade to thus stop more conflicts from occurring. He bottled necked all foreign trade to go through Canton and they were to deal exclusively with a group known as the Cohong merchants. The Cohong were granted a monopoly over the foreign trade, but were also the primary representative link between the Qing government and the outside world. There were strings attached of course, the Cohong merchants were to take on full responsibility for any foreign persons connected with a foreign ship that did trade. The Cohong were of course expected to pay taxes to the Qing government for all the trade being done, but by far and large they were able to control how they would levy such taxes. A perfect recipe for corruption. A event occured known as the Flint Affair, a situation in which a Englishman named James Flint serving the East India Company was repeatedly warned to remain in Canton, but in 1755 he went against the Qing administrative warnings and tried to establish trade in some ports in Zhejiang. He was caught and deported to Macau where he was imprisoned for a few years. The situation prompted Emperor Qianlong to enact 5 measures against the foreign barbarians who wished to trade. 1) Trade by foreign barbarians in Canton is prohibited during the winter. 2) Foreign barbarians coming to the city must reside in the foreign factories under the supervision and control of the Cohong. 3) Chinese citizens are barred from borrowing capital from foreign barbarians and from employment by them. 4) Chinese citizens must not attempt to gain information on the current market situation from foreign barbarians 5) Inbound foreign barbarian vessels must anchor in the Whampoa Roads and await inspection by the authorities Trade with China was beginning to really boom, but it was being frustrated into the bottleneck of Canton. The British were very eager to open up more trade with China and Macartney had instructions to offer something to the Chinese to open up trade. He could offer to end the importation of opium from British held India, something that was officially illegal in the Qing dynasty, but in reality the Qing could not stop the illicit smuggling of it into China. On the morning of september 26, 1792 the HMS Lion a 64 gun ship of the line, cast off for China. When Macarney landed on the coast of China, all of his retinue and baggage were transferred to Chinese junks by the order of Emperor Qianlong before he was allowed to travel up the Bei He River enroute for Peking. His ship had a large sign tacked to its mast by the Qing officials with large black letters reading “tribute from the red barbarians”. Remember at this time in history, China was basically the pinnacle of civilization at least from its viewpoint. China had felt superior to the rest of the world for quite some time. Gunpowder, paper currency, eyeglasses and the printing press all were developed in China long before the west had acquired such things. As such the emperor of China did not receive ambassadors per say, as exchanging emissaries would denote equal rank amongst nations, for which China had no equal. Those who did come as emissaries were treated as tribute bearers and identified as foreign barbarians. From the perspective of the Chinese, foreign barbarians did not come to negotiate or make dealings, they came as subjects to pay homage and tribute. Macartney believed he was bringing gifts from one sovereign nation to another, but the Qing considered him to be a vassal paying tribute. The gifts he brought were the best of British technology: telescopes, brass howitzers, globes, clocks, musical instruments and an entire hot air balloon complete with a balloonist. That one always puzzled me by the way, did that mean the balloonist was just going to be some sort of lifetime servant? In all Macartney brought over 600 gifts for Emperor Qianlong and this all required an astonishing 99 wagons, 40 wheelbarrows drawn by over 200 horses and 3000 people. Macartney was instructed to display the gifts at the Emperor's summer palace before he would be given any chance at seeing Emperor Qianlong. The Qing court apparently were not that impressed with most of the gifts, though they did admire the wood pottery and were particularly interested when Macartney ignited sulfur matches. Unfortunately the hot air balloon never got a chance to take off. The viceroy of Pechili told Macartney that he would not be meeting the emperor in his palace, but in a yurt outside the Imperial hunting lodge in Rehe of the tartary lands. They would pass through the great wall and Macartney was astonished by it stating it to be “the most stupendous work of human hands, probably greater in extent than all of the other forts in the world put together. Its construction was a sign of not only a very powerful empire, but a very wise and virtuous nation”. They traveled into Manchuria until they reached the Emperor's summer quarters on september 8th. The journey had nearly taken a year since they departed England in 1792 and the success or failure of the embassy would be decided in the matter of just mere days. They stopped a mile from the imperial summer residence to make themselves presentable. Macartney had prepared a colorful and grandiose outfit for the occasion as described by his valet “A suite of spotted mulberry velvet, with a diamond star, and his ribbon, over which he wore the full habit of the order of the Bath, with the hat and the plume of feathers, which form a part of it”. So try to imagine a man dressed up like a peacock, certainly it was going to leave an impression, which is what he wanted. The entourage formed a makeshift parade formation with as much British pomp that could be mustered. The British soldiers and cavalry led the way on foot followed by servants, musicians, scientists and other gentry. The parade arrived at 10am to their designated quarters, with no one at all to greet them. Macartney was bewildered, he had expected this famed Manchu man named Heshen to meet them. However Heshen was nowhere to be found, Macartney deduced he must be delayed for some reason and so they all simply waited. 6 hours passed by as they all stood there in formation waiting with no sign of an imperial official, thus they lost heart and went into the assigned residence to eat. In the end Macartney was forced to go find Heshen himself, quite an uncomfortable start to the venture. Over the course of several days the mountain of British gifts were exchanged. They presented things such as rugs to the Emperors representatives and in turn were given luxurious fabrics such as silk, jade, porcelain, lacquerware and large quantities of the finest tea, oh tea will play quite a role in all of this rest assured. The British tried to awe them with the products of their science, but soon were realizing something was not right. You see this entire process was confused. For the British they were trying to impress the Chinese to gain the ability to negotiate for more advantageous policies in the future, IE: gain the approval to open a permanent embassy in the capital. But for the Chinese the situation was literally just trade, they were trading goods they assumed the British would want to take home and sell. Nations like Vietnam and Korea would regularly come to pay tribute to the emperor for his approval which legitimized their governments. They came and performed the famous “kow tow” before the Emperor. For those who don't know the “kow tow” is a ritual of 9 kneeling bows to the ground in 3 sets of 3 in the direction of the emperor. The envoys from places like Vietnam or Korea did this readily as their nations were official tributaries to China and thus the Emperor was the overarching figure for their nations as well as their own emperors. But when Macartney showed up he knew nothing of this entire process. Initially Macartney did not even realize he was supposed to prostrate himself before emperor and when this was explained to him he was unwilling to do it. Because despite the great admiration he had for the Qing Empire, he thought he was an envoy between 2 equal and sovereign nations, he assumed the King of England was on equal footing with Emperor Qianlong. Macartney had never done anything like the kow tow for his own king why should he for a foreign king? So Macartney expected what he considered a mere ceremony to be waved off and submitted a request for that to be so, which he alleged later he received approval for. But when he arrived at Jehol, Heshen denied ever seeing this request and insisted Macartney must perform the kow two before the emperor. Qing officials at the scene assured Macartney that it was just “a mere exterior and unmeaning ceremony” urging him on. Things began to get messy, Macartney said he would kow tow readily if a Qing official would do the same before a portrait he had brought of King George III. No Qing official would do it, so Macartney tried to compromise, what if he simply bent the knee and head once before Emperor Qianlong. To Mccartneys relief the proposal was accepted. A few more days went by, then on September 14th he was informed he could meet the emperor. Macartney got into his peacock suit and his entourage marched behind Macartney who was carried on a litter until they made it to the Emperor's ceremonial tent. Macartney entered, carrying a jeweled encrusted golden box containing a letter from King George III. In his own account, Macartney stated he knelt on one knee as agreed and presented the emperor the box and the emperor did not seem in the slightest to have made any commotion about the ritual not being performed. Macartney said “Emperor Qianlong's eyes were full and clear and his countenance was open, despite the dark and gloomy demeanor we had expected to find”. Do not forget as I mentioned in the previous episode, at this point in time the Emperor was its pretty safe to say, very senile. The letter from George III was translated into Chinese carefully by European missionaries who made sure to take out any potentially offensive references, like for example anything about chrisianity. The letter spoke about how Emperor Qianlong “should live and rule for 10s of thousands of years and the word China was elevated one line above the rest of the text whenever it appeared and the name of the emperor was elevated 3 lines above the rest. The letters translation thus had been done in such a way it really did not conform to the letter between 2 equals anymore. Meanwhile while Emperor Qianlong read this, Macartney was simply awed by the tent they were in. In his words “the tapestries, carpets and rich draperies and lanterns were disposed with such harmony, the colors so artfully varied. It was as if he was inside a painting. The commanding feature of the ceremony was the calm dignity that sober pomp of asiatic greatness, which European refinements have not yet attained”. Macartney also went on to mention that he was also not the only envoy present in the tent. There were 6 Muslim enovys from tributary states near the Caspian sea an a Hindu envoy from Burma and they had allow performed the kow tow. Emperor Qianlong asked Heshen if any of the English could speak Chinese and the son of British diplomat George Staunton stepped forward. The 12 year old boy named George stepped towards the throne and according to his diary “I spoke some Chinese words to him and thanked him for the presents”. Emperor Qianlong was apparently charmed by this and took a purse from his own waist to give to him as a token of his esteem. That little boy became the first Englishman after James Flint to cross the wall of language between Britain and China and it would shape his life after. After the meeting, Macartney and his entourage were allowed to stay in Jehol for a few days and were fortunate enough to partake in the emperor's birthday banquet. On September 21st, disaster struck when a member of Macartney's entourage died, a gunner named Reid. It was the day before their departure date and apparently Reid had eaten 40 apples for breakfast, which I have to say is one of the most bizarre rationales for a death I've ever heard. Regardless, the Qing assumed off the bat the man died of some contagious disease and urged them all to leave with haste. Meanwhile in Peking, the Balloonist/scientist Mr Dinwiddie had been busy prepared all the scientific instruments for demonstrations awaiting Emperor Qianlong's return from Jehol at the end of september. He had begun filling a grand hall of the imperial palace outside the city of Beijing with globes, clocks, telescopes, the air pump for the balloon and such. He had signed a contract basically stating he could never return home and would be stuck as a foreigner in a small part of Beijing. Regardless he got everything ready for the emperor's visit. When the emperor came on October the 1st he showed no particular emotion as he toured the hall according to Dinwiddie. Upon looking through a telescope for roughly 2 minutes the emperor alleged stated “it was good enough to amuse children” and simply left. Heshen and other Qing officials came to see the wonders and showed a bit more interest. Unfortunately the hot air balloon demonstration was to be the grand finale in the course of a few days but never came to fruition, because all of a sudden on October the 6th the Emperor ordered all the British to leave. Everything was hastily packed up and every man by October 7th was being pushed out as the embassy mission was sent away from Peking. Once on the road out of Peking it dawned upon them all the embassy mission was a failure. As one British servant put it “we entered Peking like paupers; we remained in it like prisoners; and we quitted it like vagrants”. Macartney had no idea how much he had offended the emperor with his negotiations. Back on september 10th, 4 days before they met the Emperor, Qianlong was always fuming mad about the English ambassadors dragging of the feet about the kow tow. In fact at that time Emperor Qianlong simply told his officials he would keep the promise to have the meetings, but as far as he was concerned they best be gone afterwards. Qianlong prior had planned to have them stay a long time to enjoy the sights of Jehol but “given the presumption and self important display by the English ambassador, they should be sent from Jehol immediately after the banquet, given 2 days to get to Peking to pack up their belongs and go. When foreigners who come seeking audience with me are sincere and submissive then I always treat them with kindness. But if they come in arrogance they get nothing”. On October 3rd, just a few days before they were ordered out, Macartney received the official response to King George III's letter, unfortunately it was in Chinese and he was unable to translate it for some time. It stated that the request for the British ambassador to remain at the capital was not consistent with the customs of the empire and therefore could not be allowed. And here is the kicker in regards to trade and the gifts he said “I accepted the gifts not because I wanted them, but merely, as tokens of your own affectionate regard for me. In truth the greatness and splendor of the Chinese empire have spread its fame far and wide, and as foreign nations, from a thousand parts of the world, crowd hither over mountains and seas, to pay us their homage and bring us the rarest and most precious offerings, what is it that we can want here? Strange and costly objects do not interest me. We possess all things. I set no value on objects strange or ingenious, and have no use for your countries manufactures”. Oomphf there was a second little part after that went “we have never needed trade with foreign countries to give us anything we lacked. Tea, porcelain and silk are essential needs for countries like England that do not have such things and out of grace the dynasty had long permitted foreign merchants to come to Canton to purchase these goods. To satisfy your needs and to allow you to benefit from our surplus. England is but one of many countries that comes to trade in Canton and if we were to give Britain special treatment, then we would have to give it to all the others as well”. Macartney was furious and wrote extensively enroute back home. “Can they be ignorant, that a couple of English frigates would be an overmatch for the whole naval force of their empire, that in half a summer they could totally destroy the navigation of their coasts and reduce the inhabitants of the maritime provinces, who subsist chiefly on fish, to absolute famine? We could destroy the Tiger's mouth forts guarding the river passage to Canton with just half a dozen boardsides and annihilate the Canton trade that employs millions of Chinese”. Yet despite all his military bravado talk, if Britain were at this time to make any aggression against China it would immediately result in them shutting down their trade. If that was allowed to happen both the economies of Britain and British held India would suffer tremendous economic damage. Thus Macartney knew the best course of action was to be patient and try try and try again. So the Macartney mission ended in embarrassment. Macartney would tell those back in Britain “The empire of China is an old crazy first-rate man of war, which a fortunate succession of able and vigilant offers has contrived to keep afloat for these hundred and fifty years past; and to overawe their neighbors, merely by her bulk and appearance. She may perhaps not sink outright, she may drift some time as a wreck, and will then be dashed in pieces on the shore; but she can never be rebuilt on the old bottom”. Very dark and ominous words indeed. Prior to Macartney's report those had this perception of China to be the model of stable and virtuous government. But Macartney ranted that “the tyranny of a handful of Tartars over more than 300 millions of Chinese. And those Chinese subjects would not suffer the odium of a foreign yoke for much longer. A revolution was coming”. Macartney would elaborate further on what he believed to be the socio-political situation in China. “I often perceived the ground to be hollow under a vast superstructure and in trees of the most stately and flourishing appearance I discovered symptoms of speedy decay. The huge population of Han Chinese were just recovering blows that had stunned them they are awaking from the political stupor they had been thrown into by the Tartar impression, and begin to feel their native energie revive. A slight collision might elicit fire from the flint, and spread the flames of revolt from one extremity of China to the other. I should not be surprised if its dislocation or dismemberment were to take place before my own dissolution”. Please take note this is all coming from a bitterly anger man who, yes traveled the country for months, but he had not seen the interior of China. He could not speak or read the language and knew nothing of the culture. And yet he was almost 100% prophetic in what would occur. Now as I went into with the past episode, the Qianlong Emperor was very old and going senile. When Macartney met with him, Qianlong had just turned 82 and had ruled for over 58 years an incredible reign. And despite the show the emperor had put on about never needing western trade, in reality he was deeply fascinated by western inventions. He cherished his collection of 70 British clocks and wrote poems about them and about western telescopes. Likewise he kept multiple western art pieces and employed many westerners in his court. Above all else he understood the value of China's foreign trade at Canton, because a significant portion of the tariff income fed his imperial household. The canton trade was also a primary source of silver import of which China was the largest importer of silver since the 1600s. Foreigners came and were forced to trade with silver if they wanted tea or porcelain. Tea, Tea is the crucial component of this story. In 1664 King Charles II received 2 lbs of black, strange smelling leaves from China. Less than half a century later, tea became Britain's beverage of choice with an annual consumption of 12 million pounds per year. By 1785, Britain was importing 15 million lbs of tea per year from China. The people of Britain were literally addicted China's tea, which might I add is a mild stimulant. More so the British government became economically dependent on tea and the Exchequer levied a 100 percent import tax upon it whoa. Although China purchased some British goods like clocks, it was nothing compared to the British need for tea. Between 1710 to 1759 the imbalance of trade was enormous, literally draining Britain of its silver, because that was after all the only form of payment China accepted. During this time, Britain paid 26 million in silver to China, but sold only 9 million in goods. Now lets talk a bit more about how this trade was being down in Canton. It was the East India Company who was given a monopoly over the tea trade in China. I mentioned the Cohong or sometimes called simply Hong merchants. They were directly in charge of the Canton trade, holding a monopoly over it. All western trade had to come through them, if you were a foreign ship, your cargo had to be guaranteed by a Hong merchant before it could sail up river to port Canton. Only a Hong merchant could rent you a warehouse or arrange for you any and all purchases for tea, silk and such. Personal relationships were thus key and having a friendship with any Hong merchant was immensely valuable. Hong merchants were accountable for the conduct of all foreing personnel. If some foreigner got drunk and beat up a local, the Hong merchant was held responsible, and this did in fact happen often. The Hong merchants were a small group, typically no more than a dozen any given time. As you can imagine with such a small group controlling the full trade between China and western nations, the opportunities for both sides merchants to become abundantly rich was enormous. However there was a ton of risk for the Hong since they took all the risk. Regardless the Hong merchants were some of the richest men in China, but they also went bankrupt regularly. Why was this, well because of their access to capital it made them primary targets for other government officials to squeeze. You see despite their monopoly on the trade, the Hong merchants were almost always in a precarious situation. Their appointment and finance was done via the Hoppo. Also the social status of merchants within traditional confucianism was very low and the Hong merchants were at the mercy of other Qing officials. This led the Hong merchants to be forced to pay numerous bribes to said officials. More often than naught to get an appointment as a Hong came with a literal downpayment for the officials who got you the job! The Hong merchants were squeezed left right and center by countless officials in a pecking system built upon corruption and greed. The senior superintendent of foreign trade at Canton was a Imperial customs commissioner known to the westerners as the “hoppo”. The hoppo reported directly to the board of revenue in Beijing and it was the Hoppo who was responsible for ensuring a proper flow of tariff income back to Beijing. The position of Hoppo was one of the greatest opportunities to get filthy rich. Before the White Lotus rebellion the Qing silver surplus was a whopping 70 million taels, but over the course of the war it is estimated the Qing treasury would pay something like 100 million taels in silver. Then came another disaster. The Napoleonic wars had a tremendous impact on the world, not limited to just the war itself. As the war grinding on, Britain was pressed for funds to finance its war against France and this led them to squeeze the East India Company harder. The British government began raising its tax on the company's tea in 1795, then again in 1802 where it reached 50%, then again in 1806 to a whopping 96% and by 1819 it would be 100%. The growing British tax on the company's tea led it to become a possible 1/10th of Britain's national revenue. As you can imagine with those numbers, the importance of maintaining the trade with Canton became a matter of national interest. While the Qing dynasty spent millions of taels mobilizing armies to quell the white lotus rebellion, the British likewise spent millions during its war against france. Britain would spend around 12 times more than its previous 22 year war with France and ran up a monstrous national debt. By the time Napoleon was defeated, Britain had doubled the size of the royal navy and it was the most powerful maritime force in the world. Britain acquired more territories to expand its enormous empire. By 1820 the British Empire would control roughly a quarter of the world's population, almost rivaling China. The emperor of China, Jiaqing was forced to slash the budgets of things such as the military after the internal rebellion was over. In expectation for an era of peace for the empire, the emperor effectively had to mortgage the future improvement of China's military to simply stabilize the country. Now Britain's tea fix needed to be met, but its silver was depleted. The Napoleonic war and the American revolution had drained Britain of its silver reserve, how was Britain going to get the tea? The British needed to find something the Chinese were willing to pay for in silver and the British would find what that in Opium. The British were not the first importers of Opium into China. Arab merchants had been selling opium cultivated in what is modern day turkey since the middle ages. It was primarily used for medicinal purposes, such as being used as a constipation drug to stop diarrhea, quite a useful thing to have to fight off dysentery which reeks its ugly head during times of conflict. In 1659 the East India Company began to export it in limited quantities from Bengal India. The East India Company had a monopoly over the trade with India and tried to prevent the business of opium importing to China since it was illegal and could interfere with the company's legitimate trade. However to get tea required silver and when the silver began to dry up the East India Company's tolerance for the illicit business began to loosen. In 1782 the East India Company turned its eyes away and allowed the export of 3450 chests of opium. Each chest for reference weighed around 170 lbs, about the size of a small footlocker. 2 ships carried the illegal cargo and enroute 1 of them was captured by the French with the other arrived in Macao. The Chinese merchants refused to purchase the illegal contraband until the price was dropped to 210$ per chest. To break even the British needed to sell a chest at around 500$, it was a complete disaster. The British merchants ended up dumping most of their cargo at a loss in Malaysia for a price of around 340$. There were no eager buyers for opium in China in 1782 and this showcases the lack of users or better said addicts. Nonetheless the Qing government made a decree in 1799 condemning the illicit trade “foreigners obviously derive the most solid profits and advantages, but that our countrymen should pursue this destructive and ensnaring vice is indeed odious and deplorable”. The East India Company proclaimed it was forbidding British ships to carry the illicit cargo, because remember they had to make sure the Canton market remained open to britain. Yet this did not stop the East India company from selling opium within India to independent British and Indian merchants who in turn might smuggle the drugs into China. Its not the East India company after all and the company could see no other way to acquire silver to buy the tea Britain needed. In 1773 opium earned the company 39,000 pounds, in 1793 opium earned them 250,000 pounds. The idea was working and the trade imbalance was soon shifting. By 1806 to 1809 China would pay out 7 million in silver for opium. During the first 2 decades of the 19th century opium addiction grew in China at a slow pace. The East India Company kept the price of the illicit substance artificially high, which meant only the upper class in China could afford it. The East India Company was doing its best not to antagonize the Qing government, IE: not rubbing their nose in the illicit trade, thus it did not increase imports and lower prices. Around 5000 chests were being sold per year and this stabilized the trade imbalance between Britain and China, no longer was Britain simply losing its silver to China, nor was China being depleted dry. Then a technological innovation in Britain completely shattered the equilibrium. The invention of the steam engine in the previous century resulted in the mechanized production of cotton. Soon England had flooded the market with mass produced textiles and the surplus of this found its way to a very eager Indian market. Those merchants paid for the product in cash, but how do you think they got the cash? Bingo opium cultivation and with it the need to sell more of it. So as a result more and more opium began to flood into China, but it still had to go through the bottleneck of Canton. Problems began to occur which affected the Canton trade. The Napoleonic wars began to send ripples throughout the world and one place that was affected was Macao in 1808. The British in Canton heard rumors that France was sending troops to occupy Macao. The British wanted to preemptively respond and sent a naval fleet under Rear Admiral William Drury in September of 1808. Drury sent a letter informing the Portuguese governor at Macao that he intended to occupy the city to which the governor refused him and began to appeal to the Chinese governor general for protection. On september 21st Drury landing 300 marines who quickly seized the shore batteries at Macao with no resistance being made by the Portuguese. However the Chinese governor general ordered a shutdown of the British trade in Canton, uh oh. The East India company had to pull full cargo ships out immediately and abandon their factory in Canton. Drury in response brought an additional 700 marines from India to occupy Macao. The Chinese governor general warned Drury if they did not withdraw, the fleet and all British residents in Macao would be cut off from food supplies. Drury panicked, he had not intended to start a war, nor were his orders remotely authorized to do so! When Emperor Jiaqing got news of the British invasion of Macao he was furious to say the least. Emperor Jiaqing issued an edict to the governor general in Canton “such a brutal eruption at Macao indicates an affrontery without limit. To invoke such a pretext is to freely insult the Chinese Empire. It is important in any case to raise considerable troops, attack the foreigners, and exterminate them. In this way, they will understand that the seas of China are forbidden to them!”. So the governor general ordered 8000 troops at Canton to man the coastal forts in the vicinity in preparation for war. Drury got the news of this and knew the Canton trade could be shut off for good stating “it would exclude the English forever, from the most advantageous monopoly it possesses in the Universe”. So Admiral Drury backed down, refusing to risk war with China. Drury took the marines out, but left some ships in the hope trade in Canton would soon be restored. And thus 6 days later the Qing governor general restored trade in Canton, phew crisis averted. Another rather unusual conflict occured when a British christian missionary named Thomas Manning attempted to enter into China by land. Manning had tried asking the Hoppo for permission to visit Beijing as a scientist envoy but it was refused as the Emperor had plenty of western scientists at his disposal. The frustrated Manning then began to climb aboard East India company ships going around Vietnam, to see if he could find a way to sneak into China via Vietnam roads. This did not pan out so he struck out at another place to get into China, Tibet. Manning went to Tibet pretending to be a Buddhist lama from India and would you believe it he got an audience with the Dalai Lama on december 17 of 1811. He climbed hundreds of steps and met with the Dalai Lama whom he described “His face was, I thought, poetically and effectively beautiful. He was of a gay and cheerful disposition; his beautiful mouth perpetually unbending into a graceful smile, which illuminated his whole countenance. Sometimes, particularly when he had looked at me, his smile almost approached a gentle laugh”. After meeting the Dalai Lama, Manning hoped to be granted permission to make the 1500 mile journey to Beijing, but this would not occur. In the holy city of Lhasa he was apprehended by the local Qing officials and quasi imprisoned until Emperor Jiaqing could be informed and send orders as to what to do. Orders finally came in February of 1812 to deport Manning and raise border security in response to this incursion. Then in 1813 problems reeked their ugly head yet again for British-Chinese relations. The Emperor had reduced the number of Hong merchants that the British were allowed to do business with. The larger issue at hand was the War of 1812 which brought with it conflict between Britain and American ships around the waters of Canton. At this time the Americans were second only to the British in the size of their commerce in Canton. The US lacked cruisers to convoy their merchant ships and thus began arming the merchants ships into privateers. The US ships also tried to simply avoid the British by not landing at the same time intervals, but all of this would not avoid conflict. In march of 1814 the British frigate Doris captured a 300 ton American privateer, the USS Hunter and took her to Macao as a prize. 2 months later the Doris hunted down the USS Russel up the Pearl River near the Whampia anchorage just a few miles shy of Whampoa city. They fired upon another while another US ships the Sphynx was boarded and captured. More raids continued from both sides and the conflict greatly angered the Chinese authorities. Eventually the Qing governor general cut off supplies and suspended trade with both nations demanding they behave themselves. The British merchants in Canton complained they had nothing to do with the Royal Navy, but the Chinese authorities would not hear it. Some minor conflicts occured in Canton and the British felt they had been wronged. The East India Company began to demand the British government send an embassy to remedy the entire situation. So Britain answered the plea and sent another embassy mission in 1816. Lord William Pitt Amherst, Earl Amherst of Arracan was born in 1773 in Bath. His father was General William Amherst and his uncle was Field Marshall Sir Jeffrey Amherst who had a distinguished military career including being the governor general of British north America after defeating Nouvelle France in 1760. Little Williams mother died and the widowed father would take care of William and his sister for awhile until in 1781 when he also died. William would end up living with his uncle in the Amherst estate in Montreal where I happen to live near. William would eventually go to oxford and became an accomplished linguist learning several languages. Eventually he landed a job as ambassador to Sicily and by the end of the Napleonic wars he was made a Privy Councillor. He proved to be able enough and was soon sent as Ambassador with Plenipotentiary to negotiate with the Qing Dynasty in 1816. The China Amherst encountered in 1816 was very different compared to the one Lord Macrtney had visited. The Emperor was Jiaqing, the dynasty had quelled the White Lotus Rebellion, quite a few smaller revolts and had a real problem with pirates along the coast. Emperor Jiaqing had a loose hold over the empire and was not about to let some foreign power further threaten it. Amherst was a bit of an odd choice to lead the mission. He was considered a dull, but well mannered man who was not very talented in public speaking. Neither brilliant nor particularly handsome, just hailed from an excellent family. Amherst brought with him 2 familiar faces, the former little boy who had courageously spoken to Emperor Qianlong, George Staunton, who was now an adult. George had been working for the East India Company in Canton and had mastered the Chinese language and learnt much of its culture. The second ws Thomas Manning after his great Tibet adventure. Amherst's departure would be 6 months after the Duke of Wellington's victory at Waterloo in June of 1815. Thus Amherst would be coming to China to inform them that the nearly continuous warfare between Britain and France for the past 22 years had finally come to an end. Amherst was instructed to make it clear to the Chinese that Great Britain was now the unrivaled dominant military power in Europe. The Amherst mission also was to remedy the Canton situation, but the perspective from Britain was quite off. They thought Emperor Jiaqing knew relatively not much about the ongoings in places like Canton, and if they simply came and complained about mistreatment that he would just offhand discipline the officials in Canton and place the British in a better position.The Emperor however was hardly oblivious to the ongoings in Canton, in fact he was paying a ton of attention to it. The Emperor had ordered investigation into the Canton situation over the past few years Emperor Jiaqing was particularly taking an interest into George Staunton who he viewed as a potential trouble maker in China, because the man had vast knowledge now of the language and culture and might induce more westerners to do the same. For certain the emperor was not pleased at all to find out Thomas Manning was coming as he had deported him and it was to be presumed Manning should never step foot back in China ever again. So the entourage was already doomed to fail. As the entourage made their way, Amherst reported that the Qing dynasty seemed to have declined significantly compared to what Macartney had reported long ago. The entourage had learnt of the White Lotus rebellion and how suppressing it nearly bankrupt the Qing government. The entourage became rather bold and instead of waiting at the island of Chusan, Amherst ships, accompanied by 2 East India Company surveying vessels divided themselves into task forces and went to work dropping the embassy team off at the White River. Soon some of the vessels began to explore the river networks going as far north to where the Great Wall meets the coast of Manchuria, sailed around the Liaodong Peninsula and parts of the Yalu river, very bold moves. They also took notes of the villages, populations and geology of their ventures. They particularly noted down the lack of military installations. Both the Amherst mission and the Qing court intended to use the Macartney mission as a precedent, but neither communicated how they should go about it. What really loomed over the entire affair was the issue of the Kow Tow. Now Amherst was coming into this with less radical requests than Macartney. They were not asking for a permanent ambassador at the capital, nor the opening of new ports. They just wanted some kind of provision for direct communication between the East India Company staff in Canton and a high ranking official in Beijing in order to circumvent the troubles they had been having with the Hoppo and governor general of canton. They also wanted to be allowed to do business with others aside from the Hong merchants. Officials from Beijing met with Amherst as soon as the British ships anchored at the mouth of the white river in early august. They escorted him along the way, but also asked him to Kowtow in front of a piece of yellow silk that represented the emperor. They wanted to see that the man understood how to do the kowtow. Amherst was given instructions from the British government simply to do what he thinks best in the situation of the kow towing issue, but to make sure the mission was a success. Thus the first time he was asked to do it he refused and stated that since Macartney did not kow tow why should he. The Qing officials were confused and said as far as they knew Macartney did kow tow to the emperor in 1793. Then they reminded Amherst the Emperor Jiaqing was present in 1793 and would have seen it occur, best he kow tow as well. George Staunton told Amherst they were mistaken and that he never saw Macartney kow tow. As you can imagine it was now a case of Emperor Jiaqing's word against Staunton, a man the emperor did not like. Amherst was in a bad situation, so he simply stated he would do the kow tow when the time came, but stressed he would do it on one knee and not two. He tried to compromise by offering to kiss the emperors hand which utterly disgusted the Qing officials. The highest ranking Qing official escorting the foreigners was Heshitai, brother in law to Emperor Jaiqing. He told Amherst he had to bow on both knees or he would be expelled from the capital without audience. The entourage made it just a mile outside Beijing where crowds of spectators began assembling on the sides of the roads to see their approach. They made their way to the eastern gate at night and the massive walls astounded them. They road in springless wooden carts, a quite uncomfortable ride at that. Amherst was told his audience would take place immediately and in fact he was actually late for it. Amherst panicked he was not ready, he was fatigued and unkept, his baggage had not even arrived yet which held his coronation robes for the occasion. He did not even have the letter from the prince regent to be given to the Emperor! Heshitai told him he had to go now, but Amherst refused. Amherst demanded they be given time to clean up, gather their baggage and rest. Heshitai eventually got another Qing official to grab hold of Amherst and dragged him to see the emperor. It is here we get many conflicting stories about what goes down. In a classical one it is said, the Qing officials grab Amherst in the middle of the night when he is disoriented and try to force him to kow tow in a private room, hoping the half asleep man would just do it. Apparently Staunton grabs Amherst by the elbow before he can do the deed and they suddenly leave the place before seeing the emperor. A lot of unanswered questions to be sure. In another story the try to get Amherst to go see the emperor, but he simply refuses and him and his entourage basically fight their way out of their lodgings and leave on the evening of November 13. Regardless what is important to know is the British entourage and Emperor Jiaqing have no idea whats going on at all, they are both at the mercy of reports from the middle men, IE: the escort officials like Heshitai. During the slow journey back south to Canton, one of their ships, the Alceste had bombarded a Chinese fort guarding the Tiger's Mouth river entrance to Canton! Dozens of shots were fired and it is said 47 Chinese soldiers were killed. The Alceste had returned from surveying the Pearl river when the captain Murray Maxwell requested permission to sail up to the Whampoa anchorage so it could make repairs on the ship before picking up Amherst's entourage on their way back. Maxwell alleges he was taunted by the Qing representative to the governor general who told him that Amherst had been sent away from the capital without an audience. Murray Maxwell was thus denied permission to go to the Whampoa anchorage and was forced to wait on an outlying island. After a week of waiting, Maxwell had had it and decided to force up the river without permission. As soon as the Alceste began sailing it was confronted by a Chinese fleet and soon a fire fight. The Alceste began blasting away the Chinese coastal defenses, working her way up the river channel to get to Whampoa anchorage. Both the British entourage and Emperor Jiaqing were mystified as to what happened. The Emperor sent his personal doctor to see to Amherst whom he had assumed must be very sick for missing the meeting only to find out the man was perfectly healthy. After some investigation the Emperor realized the entire debacle was the fault of the escorting officials, above all Heshitai! It turns out the Emperor had been lied to by the escorting officials and fed false reports. The British blamed the emperor for the entire misadventure. The Emperor was livid by everything, but there was a saving grace to the embarrassment on his nation's part, the embarrassment of the Alceste ordeal. When the Alceste made it to Whampoa the governor generals welcomed the ship as if nothing had ever happened. The Emperor sent conciliatory edicts and gifts for the King of England. The Emperor also sent a letter to the king, but he had written it before his investigation of all the matters and thus wrote that he blamed Amherst for the entire ordeal. The mission was a catastrophe. Trade would continue unaffected, but now both nations had been humiliated. Now the Chinese would look with more suspicion at the British and the British hopes for extending trade outside the canton system were dashed. As quite a fitting end to the entire ordeal, the Alceste which was carrying Amherst and his retinue back to England slammed into a rock and sank. England's response to the Amherst mission was disappointment. The entire situation aided one group of people in Britain, those who sought to abolish the East India Company's monopoly over the China trade. One major critic of the Amherst mission was Napoleon Bonaparte exiled on Saint Helena in 1817. He thought it was ridiculous that such an ordeal came about because the British fretted over kow towing. But he ended his statements with this “It would be the worst thing you have done for a number of years, to go to war with an immense empire like China, what might happen if the dragon, as it were, should be awakened? You would doubtless, at first, succeed…but you would teach them their own strength. They would be compelled to adopt measures to defend themselves against you; they would consider, and say, ‘we must try to make ourselves equal to this nation. Why should we suffer a people, so far away, to do as they please to us? We must build ships, we must put guns into them, we must render ourselves equal to them.' They would get artificers, and ship builders, from France, and America, and even from London; they would build a fleet,and, in the course of time, defeat you.” I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The attempts at opening up more trade with China were disastrous and embarrassing for Britain. She needed her tea fix, but her silver reserves were depleted and thus the East India Company began to deal in opium. How could this possibly all go wrong?

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Delivering Justice for Ukraine

Events at USIP

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 28, 2022 88:08

On June 28, USIP and the Ukrainian Embassy held a discussion of ongoing legal efforts to defend Ukraine’s sovereignty and deliver justice for the Ukrainian people. This event marked the celebration of Ukrainian Constitution Day, which commemorates the signing of the country’s constitution in 1996. Speakers Ambassador Oksana Markarova, opening remarks Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to the United States Lise Grande, moderatorPresident and CEO, United States Institute of Peace Ambassador Anton KorynevychAmbassador-at-Large, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of UkraineAgent of Ukraine before the International Court of Justice in the Allegations of Genocide Case Eli M. Rosenbaum Director, Human Rights Enforcement Policy and Strategy, Human Rights and Special Prosecutions Section, U.S. Department of JusticeAmbassador Beth Van Schaack Ambassador-at-Large for Global Criminal Justice, U.S. Department of State Iryna VenediktovaProsecutor General of Ukraine Ambassador William B. Taylor, closing remarksVice President, Russia and Europe, U.S. Institute of Peace; Former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine For more information about this event, please visit: https://www.usip.org/events/delivering-justice-ukraine

ceo europe peace strategy russia ukraine ministry institute large ambassadors ukrainian human rights delivering allegations foreign affairs international courts united states institute usip plenipotentiary global criminal justice

Rosemary DiCarlo - The UN's Peacebuilding Priorities in 2022

IIEA Talks

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 14, 2022 50:06

In her address to the IIEA, United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, Rosemary DiCarlo, discusses global peace and security issues. She gives an overview of her peace-making mandate, including the role of preventive diplomacy and peace-building activities in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Central and Southeast Asia and the Americas. About the Speaker: Rosemary DiCarlo assumed the post of Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs in 2018. During her distinguished career with the United States Department of State, she served, among other functions, as Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. Prior assignments included Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, and Director for United Nations Affairs at the National Security Council in Washington, D.C.

Philippines and Australia celebrate Bayanihan and Mateship - Pilipinas at Australya pinagdiwang ang Bayanihan at Mateship

SBS Filipino - SBS Filipino

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 3, 2022 10:59

President Rodrigo Roa Duterte confers the Order of Sikatuna with the rank of Datu (Grand Cross) Gold Distinction on outgoing Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Australia to the Philippines H.E. Steven Robinson AO. - Ginawaran ng Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte ng distinction o pagkilala si Australian Ambassador to the Philippines Steven Robinson ng Order of Sikatuna na may ranggong Datu.

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146: Backup and Recovery Paparazzi Edition: All-Flash! - VAST Data

Data Protection Gumbo

Play Episode Listen Later May 31, 2022 34:33

Howard Marks, Technologist Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at VAST Data discusses the rules of nines, pros and cons of using all-flash storage, and using replication to keep RTOs and RPOs in check.

data recovery flash nas backup storage vast ssd data protection paparazzi rpo rto howard marks rtos rpos object storage plenipotentiary

US-Japan Global Dialogue

Talks from the Hoover Institution

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 26, 2022 73:12

Tuesday, March 22, 2022 Hoover Institution, Stanford University The Hoover Institution and Japan Society of Northern California host US Japan Global Dialogue on Tuesday, March 22, 2022 from 12:30pm - 7:30pm PT. In a rapidly changing Indo-Pacific region, Japan remains America's core ally, Asia's most stable democracy, and the world's third-largest economy. The US-Japan alliance is poised to enter a new era and expand its focus to cooperate on next-generation technology, development issues, civil society development, and maintenance of security. The Hoover Institution's US-Japan Global Dialogue explores the future of this critical relationship. The dialogue launched on March 22, 2022 (United States) / March 23, 2022 (Japan) with a private, one-day hybrid conference hosted by the Hoover Institution. Attendees included both US and Japanese senior government officials, eminent scholars, and leading private-sector actors. The conference began with a lunch hosted by the Hoover Institution and the Japan Society of Northern California followed by a panel discussion with Senator Bill Hagerty (R-TN), Japanese ambassador to the United States Koji Tomita, and former US ambassador to Japan John Roos in discussion with LTG (ret.) H. R. McMaster, moderated by Dr. Michael Auslin. It also included a Hoover Institution Library & Archives exhibit Histories Connect: Special Exhibitions of Japanese and Japanese American Collections with Dr. Kaoru (Kay) Ueda, Curator of the Japanese Diaspora Collection. Later in the day, a closed hybrid conference covered the following topics: 1) improving security cooperation between the United States and Japan and with other partners; 2) deepening economic and financial cooperation; 3) deepening cooperation in the development and application of new technologies; and 4) protecting liberal values and democratic sovereignty in Asia and beyond. At the conference, one American and one Japanese expert each presented short papers on each topic. PARTICIPANT BIOS H.E. Tomita, Koji Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to the United States of America Ambassador Tomita's diplomatic career in the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) spans 40 years. Most recently, he served as Japan's Ambassador to Korea, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's Personal Representative for the G20 Summit in Osaka, and Ambassador to Israel. His relationship with the United States began when he studied in North Carolina for a year in college. Since he entered MOFA, he has also held leadership positions in U.S.-Japan relations, including Director-General of MOFA's North American Affairs Bureau and Deputy Chief of Mission at the Embassy of Japan in Washington, D.C. Ambassador Tomita graduated from the University of Tokyo, Faculty of Law and joined Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1981. United States Senator Bill Hagerty Senator Hagerty was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2020 and is currently serving his first term representing the state of Tennessee. His committee assignments include: U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, & Urban Affairs; U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations; U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations; and the U.S. Senate Committee on Rules & Administration. Prior to his election to the U.S. Senate, Hagerty served as the U.S. Ambassador to Japan, the world's third largest economy and America's closest ally in the region. Hagerty is a life-long businessman. He started his business career with the Boston Consulting Group, where his work took him to five continents, including three years based in Tokyo, Japan. Ambassador John V. Roos John V. Roos is the Founding Partner at Geodesic Capital, a venture capital firm that bridges Japan and Silicon Valley by investing in growth-stage technology companies and helping them with market entry, strategy, and overall operational support in Japan. Previously, Ambassador Roos served as Chief Executive Officer and Senior Partner at Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich, & Rosati, the leading law firm in the United States in the representation of technology, life sciences, and emerging growth companies. From 2014-2020 Ambassador Roos served on the Board of Sony Corporation From 2009-2013 Ambassador Roos served as the United States Ambassador to Japan. Ambassador Roos received his A.B. with honors in Political Science from Stanford University and a J.D. from Stanford Law School. LTG (ret.) H.R. McMaster H. R. McMaster is the Fouad and Michelle Ajami Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. He is also the Bernard and Susan Liautaud Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute and lecturer at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business. He serves as the Japan Chair at the Hudson Institute and Chairman of the Center for Political and Military Power at the Foundation for Defense of Democracy. He was the 26th assistant to the president for National Security Affairs. McMaster served as a commissioned officer in the United States Army for thirty-four years after graduation from West Point. He holds a PhD in military history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is author of Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World and Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Lies that Led to Vietnam. He is host of the podcast Battlegrounds: International Perspectives on Crucial Challenges to Security and Prosperity. Michael Auslin Michael Auslin is the Payson J. Treat Distinguished Research Fellow in Contemporary Asia at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. A historian by training, he specializes in US policy in Asia and geopolitical issues in the Indo-Pacific region. Auslin is the author of six books, including Asia's New Geopolitics: Essays on Reshaping the Indo-Pacific and is a longtime contributor to the Wall Street Journal and National Review. Auslin also cohosts the podcast The Pacific Century. Previously, Auslin was an associate professor of history at Yale University, a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, and a visiting professor at the University of Tokyo. He is a fellow of the Royal Historical Society, the senior advisor for Asia at the Halifax International Security Forum, a senior fellow at London's Policy Exchange, and a senior fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute. Among his honors are being named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum, a Fulbright Scholar, and a German Marshall Fund Marshall Memorial Fellow. He serves on the board of the Wilton Park USA Foundation.

united states america american university israel business washington japan mission law phd foundation japanese board north carolina ministry tennessee lies security defense political tokyo vietnam silicon valley senate ambassadors democracy korea housing stanford university prosperity led banking chief executive officer political science faculty northern california yale university defend world economic forum curator west point chapel hill graduate schools osaka founding partners foreign affairs embassies director general united states army reshaping foreign relations attendees senior partner boston consulting group deputy chief shinzo abe american enterprise institute joint chiefs fulbright scholar indo pacific mcmaster hoover institution free world senate committee goodrich stanford law school young global leaders hudson institute g20 summit hagerty appropriations fouad united states ambassador royal historical society urban affairs rosati us japan freeman spogli institute national security affairs foreign policy research institute robert mcnamara mofa policy exchange tomita bill hagerty ltg japan society global dialogue japanese ministry michael auslin personal representative contemporary asia plenipotentiary japan chair halifax international security forum auslin battlegrounds the fight japan's ministry michelle ajami senior fellow

Responding to Russian Atrocities in Ukraine

Events at USIP

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 22, 2022 62:42

As Russia’s assault on Ukraine continues, mounting evidence suggests that atrocities, including war crimes and crimes against humanity, are ongoing. On March 22, USIP hosted a discussion on seeking justice for Russian atrocities in Ukraine, the needs of Ukrainian civilians, available accountability mechanisms and the role of multilateral institutions in operationalizing an effective accountability strategy. Speakers Lise Grande, welcoming remarks/moderatorPresident and CEO, U.S. Institute of Peace Ambassador Oksana Markarova, opening remarksAmbassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to the United States Jane E. StromsethFrancis Cabell Brown Professor of International Law, Georgetown Law Curtis R. RiedSenior Director of Multilateral Affairs, National Security Council Ambassador William TaylorVice President, Russia and Europe, U.S. Institute of Peace; Former U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine For more information about the event, please visit: https://www.usip.org/events/responding-russian-atrocities-ukraine

ceo europe peace russia ukraine russian institute ambassadors responding ukrainian international law atrocities usip plenipotentiary

LW Presents: St. Patricks Day in Latvia with Ambassador Eimear Friel

Latvia Weekly

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 17, 2022 26:10

Sveicam Svētā Patrika dienā! For this year's special St. Patrick's Day episode, Joe sits down with Ms Eimear Friel, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ireland to Latvia, to discuss the meaning of St. Patrick's Day, how people can celebrate it across the world, some interesting connections between Latvia and Ireland, and much more! Opening and closing music: GalwaySession1 by Gaillimhcommon, via Wikimedia Commons. Used under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GalwaySession1.ogg

ireland ambassadors latvia st patrick's day patricks wikimedia commons unported friel eimear patrika plenipotentiary

Parade of Nations 2021. Charity Event | CREATIVE SOCIETY

Climate Breaking News ALLATRA

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 24, 2022 3:21

time truth international nations republic parade reporters global crisis charity events plenipotentiary creative society

The Global Exchange: An Update on Eastern Europe

The CGAI Podcast Network

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 20, 2021 53:56

In this episode of The Global Exchange, Colin Robertson speaks to H.E. Darius Skusevičius, Dr. Joan DeBardeleben, Andrew Rasiulis, and Marcus Kolga, about Easter Europe Participants' Biographies: H.E. Darius Skusevičius is Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Lithuania to Canada https://ca.mfa.lt/ca/en/about-us/the-embassy/ambassador Joan DeBardeleben (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, 1979) is a professor in the Institute of European, Russian and Eurasian Studies, and in the Department of Political Science at Carleton University. She is founder, former Director, and currently Co-Director of Carleton's Centre for European Studies (CES), a Carleton University Research Centre focusing on European affairs. https://carleton.ca/eureast/people/joan-debardeleben/ Marcus Kolga is an international award winning documentary filmmaker, journalist, digital communications strategist, and a leading Canadian expert on Russian and Central and Eastern European issues. Marcus has a focus on communications and media strategies as tools of foreign policy and defence, and continues to write commentary for national and international media including the Globe and Mail and Toronto Star. He is the co-founder and publisher of UpNorth.eu, an online magazine that features analysis and political and cultural news from the Nordic and Baltic region. https://www.macdonaldlaurier.ca/experts/marcus-kolga/ Andrew P. Rasiulis is a former Department of National Defence official and now a fellow with the Canadian Global Affairs Institute https://www.cgai.ca/andrew_rasiulis Host biography Colin Robertson is a former diplomat, and Vice President of the Canadian Global Affairs Institute, https://www.cgai.ca/colin_robertson References: Read CGAI's Eastern Europe Series https://www.cgai.ca/the_european_union_s_eastern_partnership_bold_ambitions_in_a_troubled_region https://www.cgai.ca/ukraine_at_europes_strategic_crossroads https://www.cgai.ca/confusion_destabilization_and_chaos_russias_hybrid_warfare_against_canada_and_its_allies Disinfo Watch: https://disinfowatch.org R&R Putin's People by Catherine Belton – https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374712785/putinspeople Ravenna: Capital of Empire, Crucible of Europe by Judith Herrin – https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691153438/ravenna Sand in My Shoes by Albert Martens – https://www.amazon.com/Sand-My-Shoes-Albert-Martens/dp/0981198406 Recording Date: 8 Dec 2021. Give 'The Global Exchange' a review on Apple Podcast! Follow the Canadian Global Affairs Institute on Facebook, Twitter (@CAGlobalAffairs), or on Linkedin. Head over to our website www.cgai.ca for more commentary. Produced by Charlotte Duval-Lantoine. Music credits to Drew Phillips.

Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation

Swiss Impact with Banerjis

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 20, 2021 93:39

Host - Sveta and Ben Banerjee Special Guests: H.E. Ms. Elisabeth von Capeller Ambassador of Switzerland to Nepal Mr. Bhattarai from Embassy of Switzerland Mr. Tim Gocher, CEO of Dolma Impact Fund This time we travel to Nepal. All our viewers who want to learn how Swiss embassy and Swiss Agency for development and Cooperation are actively fostering private sector development and impact investment eco-system. We will also be joined by the CEO of the Dolma Impact Fund. For the entrepreneurial audience of ours, the discussion will include the criteria and procedure of these investments. Ambassador Elisabeth von Capeller from Switzerland did her master's degree in agricultural engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. Later on she worked at Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in Cameroon. In 2007, Ms von Capeller moved to the SDC cooperation office in Nepal where she was Head of Cooperation and Deputy Head of Mission from 2009. In 2011, she was appointed Head of the South Asia Division, Head of Conflict and Human Rights. In February 2018, she was appointed as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Switzerland to Nepal. Mr. Bhattarai is an economist at the Embassy of Switzerland and Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation in Nepal. As the focal point for private sector engagement at the Embassy and SDC, he has an experience of working closely with a diverse set of partners such as government agencies, entrepreneurs, foreign and local investors, financial institutions, and other key stakeholders in Nepal's entrepreneurship ecosystem. Tim is the founder and CEO of Dolma Impact Fund, the first international private equity fund focussed on Nepal. He is an investment executive with a background in renewable energy and Technology. He is also Hon. Professor of Sustainable Business at The University of Nottingham and Guest Lecturer at London Business School where he gained his MBA.

The 30th Anniversary of Cambodia's Paris Peace Agreements

Events at USIP

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 14, 2021 80:45

October 23 marks 30 years since the Paris Peace Agreements (PPA) formally ended the Cambodian civil war. USIP and the Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (CSO) hosted a discussion on October 14 that reflected on the principles of the agreements, the extent to which signatories have adhered to them and the continued relevance of the agreements today. Speakers Ariel Eckblad, remarks Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, U.S. Department of State. H.E. Chum Sounry Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Cambodia Lise Grande, opening remarks President and CEO, U.S. Institute of Peace Craig Etcheson Visiting Scientist, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University Caroline Hughes Associate Dean for Policy & Practice; Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C. Chair in Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame Aizawa Nobuhiro Associate Professor, Kyushu University Sorpong Peou Professor, Ryerson University Chak Sopheap Executive Director, Cambodian Center for Human Rights (CCHR) Andrew Wells-Dang, moderator Senior Expert, U.S. Institute of Peace For more information about this event, please visit: https://www.usip.org/events/30th-anniversary-cambodias-paris-peace-agreements

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1648: Azerbaijan, emerging bridge among Central Asian nations Amb Khazar Ibrahim, @hazar_khazar; and Malcolm Hoenlein, @Conf_of_Pres

The John Batchelor Show

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 3, 2021 11:40

Photo: Azerbaijan, emerging bridge among Central Asian nations Amb Khazar Ibrahim, @hazar_khazar; and Malcolm Hoenlein, @Conf_of_Pres ● https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/azerbaijani-peacekeepers-remain-in-kabul-international-airport-to-ensure-its-security-2021-8-17-0/ ● https://jamestown.org/program/azerbaijan-afghanistan-and-turkmenistan-sign-trilateral-roadmap-for-cooperation-on-eurasian-connectivity/ ● https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-hold-naval-drills-with-iran-azerbaijan-kazakhstan-2021-08-31/ ● https://www.military.com/daily-news/2021/08/03/nato-eu-join-criticism-of-iran-over-merchant-ship-attack.html Mr. Khazar Ibrahim was appointed as an Ambassador of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the United States of America on July 26, 2021. Previously, he served as an Ambassador of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Republic of Turkey during 2017-2021. Khazar Ibrahim also served as Head of the Mission of the Republic of Azerbaijan to NATO with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary between 2011-2017. In 2005-2006, he worked at the Political-Military Division of the Foreign Ministry, being directly involved in drafting the National Security Concept of Azerbaijan and implementation of the Individual Partnership Action Plan with NATO.

united states america head mission turkey bridge nations ambassadors republic nato emerging conf azerbaijan central asian foreign ministry khazar plenipotentiary malcolm hoenlein

Havana and Its People. A STORY OF REVIVAL | Documentary

Play Episode Listen Later May 14, 2021 40:16

Havana... How much life is kept in one of the most beautiful cities in the western hemisphere! The living beauty of the city is in its inhabitants. ALLATRA TV in cooperation with the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ukraine presents the second film of the series Creative Essence of the Cuban Soul, that is dedicated to the capital city of this country and its inhabitants: Havana and Its People. A Story of Revival This is a story of humaneness, unification and Havana, which is told by the people who have done a lot for this city and its inhabitants. By examples of personal stories, this documentary demonstrates how spiritual and moral values change a person’s life and society for the better, and how important the example of every person is in building the Creative society which all of us want to live in. The Documentary shows an example of such a prominent personality as Eusebio Leal is revealed, as well as his tremendous contribution to the development of Havana and the life of its inhabitants. In their interviews, distinguished personalities of Havana emphasize what is the most beautiful for Havana and its inhabitants themselves. They express their opinions about the 8 Foundations of the Creative Society and share what kind of world they want to live in. We express sincere gratitude for the contribution and participation in the production of the film to: Embassy of Cuba in Ukraine and personally to Natacha Díaz Aguilera, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Cuba to Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova; Tatiana Fernández de los Santos, director of RESTAURA Company of Architecture and Urban Planning Projects; Lohania Cruz, deputy director of RESTAURA, the Office of the City Historian in Havana, for assisting in organization and filming of interviews; Magda Resik Aguirre, journalist, communications director at the Office of the City Historian and Havana Radio; Ciro Bianchi Ross, Cuban journalist and essayist, Rebelde columnist, Prensa Latina reporter; Rita María Yebra García, architect, president of UNAIC — National Council of Construction Engineers and Architects, Doctor of Technical Sciences at the University of Havana; Gerardo Alfonso, Cuban performer and composer; Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in the Republic of Belarus for the contribution to the production of the documentary; Zenaida Castro Romeu, director of a Cuban orchestra and chorus for the permission to use her video and her song. We also thank Guramma Italiana restaurant for providing their location for filming. CREATIVE SOCIETY project official website allatraunites.com/ Our email: info@allatra.tv "CUBA. Creative essence of the Cuban Soul | Documentary. Episode 1": youtu.be/kf3GTSqcH_o Official website of the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ukraine misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/ucrania #Cuba #Havana #Allatra #CreativeSociety

CUBA. Creative essence of the Cuban Soul | Documentary. Episode 1

Play Episode Listen Later May 11, 2021 41:19

A fascinating film about Cuba and its people. Exclusive interviews about life and inner human values. The unifying role of Cuban culture. What the Cuban soul is. A film about choice and responsibility, respect, Life and Love. And what the Creative Society is. The first documentary film in the series "Creative Essence of the Cuban Soul" was made by ALLATRA TV in cooperation with the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ukraine within the framework of the international project Creative Society. The Cubans, outstanding representatives of Cuban culture, will tell about the creative essence of the Cuban Soul. Personal experiences and insights of wonderful creative people - representatives of various professions. Diversity, multiculturalism, solidarity, soulful and creative people - all this is Cuba! Our sincere gratitude for contributing and participating in the production of the documentary: To the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ukraine and personally to Natacha Díaz Aguilera, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Cuba to Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova To Lizt Alfonso Dance Cuba, Fusion Dance and Music Company and personally to Lizt Alfonso, founder and general director of Lizt Alfonso Dance Cuba To the Cuban band Buena Fe and personally to Israel Rojas, the leading voice of Buena Fe To La Colmenita theatre and personally to Carlos Alberto Cremata (Tin), general and artistic director of La Colmena theatre troupe and La Colmenita children's theatre company To Reinaldo Enrique Leyva Powell, Founder of Salsa Club Kiev and head of the Cuban community in Ukraine To Betina Díaz Cruz, Designer To Ahmed Dickinson Cárdenas, ambassador of Cuban music and musicians, founder of Cubafilin Records To Miguel Ángel Héctor Vega, Cuban singer and showman And also to Escobar Cuban restaurant and Escondido bar and Cuba Camp Kiev for providing their facilities for filming. Video CREATIVE SOCIETY UNITES EVERYONE: youtu.be/RzR4ED3Nvak Сreative Society project official website allatraunites.com E-mail: info@allatra.tv #Cuba #Allatraunites #CreativeSociety

Havana And Its People | Creative Essence Of The Cuban Soul Film2

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 5, 2021 40:16

ALLATRA TV, in cooperation with the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ukraine, presents the second film of the series Creative Essence of the Cuban Soul, that is dedicated to the capital city of this country and its inhabitants: Havana and Its People. This is a story of humanity, unification and Havana, which is told by the people who have done a lot for this city and its inhabitants. Diversity, amicability and creation are the qualities of people who live in Havana. By examples of personal stories, this documentary demonstrates how these qualities change a person’s life and society for the better and how important the example of every person is in building society which all of us want to live in. Also, in this film, the example of such a prominent personality as Eusebio Leal is revealed, as well as his tremendous contribution to the development of Havana and the life of its inhabitants. In their interviews, distinguished personalities of Havana emphasize what is the most typical for Havana and its inhabitants themselves. They express their opinions about the 8 Foundations of the Creative Society and share what kind of world they want to live in. CUBA. Creative essence of the Cuban Soul | Documentary. Episode 1: youtu.be/0M47ewNUX9s We express sincere gratitude for the contribution and participation in the production of the film to: Embassy of Cuba in Ukraine and personally to Natacha Díaz Aguilera, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Cuba to Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova; Tatiana Fernández de los Santos, director of RESTAURA Company of Architecture and Urban Planning Projects; Lohania Cruz, deputy director of RESTAURA, the Office of the City Historian in Havana, for assisting in organization and filming of interviews; Magda Resik Aguirre, journalist, communications director at the Office of the City Historian and Havana Radio; Ciro Bianchi Ross, Cuban journalist and essayist, Rebelde columnist, Prensa Latina reporter; Rita María Yebra García, architect, president of UNAIC — National Council of Construction Engineers and Architects, Doctor of Technical Sciences at the University of Havana; Gerardo Alfonso, Cuban performer and composer; Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in the Republic of Belarus for the contribution to the production of the documentary; Zenaida Castro Romeu, director of a Cuban orchestra and chorus for the permission to use her video and her song. We also thank Guramma Italiana restaurant for providing their location for filming. CREATIVE SOCIETY project official website allatraunites.com/ Our email: info@allatra.tv CREATIVE SOCIETY video youtu.be/R4C-SQCqqA4 Official website of the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ukraine misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/ucrania

Chinese Ambassador Cong Peiwu

The CGAI Podcast Network

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 8, 2021 46:32

This episode of The Global Exchange Colin Robertson discusses Chinese ambassador Cong Peiwu about the current state of Canada-China relations. Participants Bio: Cong Peiwu is a Chinese career diplomat. He was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to Canada in 2019. http://ca.china-embassy.org/eng/dsxx/dsjl/t1701171.htm Host bio: Colin Robertson is a former diplomat, and Vice President of the Canadian Global Affairs Institute, https://www.cgai.ca/colin_robertson What Ambassador Cong is reading: Nanami Shiono, Rome's Wars with Hannibal –The Story of the Roman People vol. II., https://www.amazon.com/Romes-Wars-Hannibal-Story-People-ebook/dp/B00JTTDQ6S The Global Exchange is part of the CGAI Podcast Network. Subscribe to the CGAI Podcast Network on SoundCloud, iTunes, or wherever else you can find podcasts! If you like our content and would like to support our podcasts, please check out our donation page www.cgai.ca/support. Recording Date: 5 March 2021. Give 'The Global Exchange' a review on iTunes! Follow the Canadian Global Affairs Institute on Facebook, Twitter (@CAGlobalAffairs), or on Linkedin. Head over to our website www.cgai.ca for more commentary. Produced by Charlotte Duval-Lantoine. Music credits to Drew Phillips.

music head canada china chinese vice president rome soundcloud wars republic cong canada china chinese ambassador colin robertson canadian global affairs institute recording date drew phillips plenipotentiary charlotte duval lantoine

CUBA. Creative Essence Of The Cuban Soul | Documentary. Episode 1

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 19, 2021 41:21

A fascinating film about Cuba and its people. Based on the personal experience and definitions of outstanding representatives of Cuban culture. Exclusive interviews about life and inner human values.The unifying role of Cuban culture, the Cuban soul... A film about choice and responsibility, respect and love. And what the Creative Society is. The first documentary film in the series of documentary films "Creative essence of the Cuban Soul". We thank for contributing and participating in the making of the documentary film: To the Cuban Embassy in Ukraine and personally to Natacha Díaz Aguilera, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova To the Lizt Alfonso Dance Cuba, Fusion Dance and Music Company, and personally to Lizt Alfonso, founder and general director of Lizt Alfonso Dance Cuba To the Cuban group Buena Fe and personally to Israel Rojas, the leading voice of the Buena Fe band To the company La Colmenita and personally to Carlos Alberto Cremata (Tin), general and artistic director of the theatre group La Colmena and the children's theatre company La Colmenita To Reinaldo Enrique Leyva Powell, Founder of Salsa Club Kiev, and the head of the Cuban community in Ukraine To Betina Díaz Cruz, Designer To Ahmed Dickinson Cárdenas, ambassador of Cuban music and musicians, founder of Cubafilin Record To Miguel Ángel Héctor Vega, Cuban singer and showman And also to Cuban restaurant and Escondido bar Escobar and Cuba Camp Kiev for providing us with the facilities to make the interviews. The official website of the CREATIVE SOCIETY PROJECT https://allatraunites.com where you can join the project The CREATIVE SOCIETY video https://youtu.be/R4C-SQCqqA4 Creative Society. UNITED WE CAN | International Online Conference https://youtu.be/gdHJOk6jx1o The official website of the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ukraine http://misiones.minrex.gob.cu/es/ucrania

Philippines-U.S. Alliance in a Post-Pandemic World

republic armenia azerbaijan territorial plenipotentiary

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 19, 2020 43:24

This event is a part of the Asia Initiative Lecture Series at The Institute of World Politics. About the lecture: As the world adapts to a new normal, the Philippines and the United States are presented with fresh opportunities to expand their longstanding alliance and partnership. In this lecture, Philippine Ambassador Jose Manuel Romualdez will discuss how the two countries are working together to address the challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, and how this collaboration is re-defining Philippines-U.S. bilateral relations. He will also present the Philippines' long-term vision and priorities for the alliance and partnership. About the speaker: Jose Manuel “Babe” del Gallego Romualdez was appointed Ambassador of the Republic of the Philippines to the United States of America in July 2017 by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. On 29 November 2017, he presented his credentials to US President Donald J. Trump and formally assumed office as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. Additionally, as the head of the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C., Ambassador Romualdez is concurrently the Philippines' emissary to the Commonwealth of Jamaica, Republic of Haiti; Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Dominica; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; and Saint Lucia. Prior to his appointment, Ambassador Romualdez was designated as a special envoy of the Philippine President to the United States. He also served as a member of several Philippine business delegations visiting the United States, China, Japan and New Zealand from 1989 to 2012. Ambassador Romualdez has extensive experience as a media practitioner and business executive. He used to be the Chief Executive Officer of Stargate Media Corporation and Publisher of People Asia Magazine (The Philippine Star affiliate). He was president of the Manila Overseas Press Club and vice-president of Rotary Club of Manila. Ambassador Romualdez writes columns for The Philippine Star. All his columns have a wide following of readers both in the Philippines and abroad. Born and raised in Manila, Ambassador Romualdez received a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from De La Salle College in 1970. He plays golf as a pastime and is affiliated with Manila Golf and Country Club and the Manila Polo Club.

1016 IN FOCUS 2 : Continuing territorial conflict between Armenia-Azerbaijan an

TBS eFM This Morning

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 16, 2020 19:31

Featured interview: Continuing territorial conflict between Armenia-Azerbaijan and Azerbaijan's perspective on the recent truce -아제르바이잔-아르메니아 영토분쟁 아제르바이잔 측 입장 표명 Guest: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Interview with Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Georgia Ms Tea Maisuradze

LTV Ziņu dienests

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 9, 2020 12:37

President of Latvia Egils Levits and President of Georgia Salome Zourabichvili discussed current cooperation between Latvia and Georgia, European Union Eastern Partnership and fight against COVID-19 in a video call on May 7th. Today our morning news team talked about this questions with Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Georgia Ms Tea Maisuradze.

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The Genius of What Isn't There

Wizard of Ads

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 1, 2020 5:16

The Genius of What Isn't ThereJune 1, 2020 http://goodies.wizardacademypress.com/MMM20200601-GeniusOfWhatIsntThere.mp3 (Listen) https://www.mondaymorningmemo.com/heineken-beagle/ (A) Three friends, who have never met each other, all sent me the same advice last week. What makes this convergence particularly interesting is that there was no common trigger. Each of the three messages I received was prompted by something different. The essence of those messages? You've got to leave things out. Genius is rarely about what is there. Genius is about what isn't there. David Freeman is a world-famous coach of fictional character construction. His credentials and accomplishments are staggering. David read in my memo of May 18 that, “I am finally writing that screenplay I've been thinking and talking about for 15 years. It's a buddy movie about a guy with 12 friends. I plan to shoot it in New Orleans next year.” So he sent me an email from Hollywood. “If you're going to have 12 characters, the traditional wisdom is that 1, 2, 3, 4, and maybe 5 should be far more primary the others. The more characters we're supposed to know and care about, the less emotion the audience feels because we can't get deeply invested in any one character if our attention is split between too many. Characters require screen time for us to get emotionally involved with them. The more major characters, the less screen time for each.” According to David, a screenwriter has to choose which characters get fully realized. The others are effectively left out.Stephen Semple is a lifelong student of the sales process. He studies every aspect of persuasion, from advertising to lead generation to product demonstrations to sales presentations. Stephen wrote to me about how reading the transcripts of his Zoom conferences taught him how people speak differently than they write. “We repeat words, finish other people's sentences, and forget about grammar.” According to Stephen, when highly engaged in an inspired conversation, we leave out much of what we would have written.Tom Grimes is a scholar, a thinker, a philosopher and a friend, and the President Plenipotentiary of the Worldwide Worthless Bastards. Tom owns a booming business, but he is always available to take your phone call or respond to your email. So I asked him what he does all day. Tom replied, “Famous ‘leaders' are often very noisy people… or they were dealing with a crisis. We sometimes think leadership is about dealing with the aftermath when the sh#t hits the fan. We fail to appreciate that the real objective is to never let the sh#t hit the fan in the first place. One time I was at the water treatment facility of a large manufacturing plant. The place was eerily quiet. When I made the observation that it looked like the staff was doing next to nothing, the head operator explained that the secret to running a facility like his was a stringent Preventive Maintenance program. He said that if you see people running around it meant there was a problem. And the objective of the maintenance team was to prevent problems before they became problems. A quiet place was the sign of a well-run operation.” According to Tom, the secret of being a great leader is to leave out the emergencies.When asked the secret of writing bestselling novels, Elmore Leonard said, “I leave out the parts that people skip.” Impressionistic painters leave out the details, requiring us to supply them from our storehouses of imagination. Talented photographers leave out sections of what they photograph, requiring us to imagine the parts that extend beyond the framelines. When writing ads, if you try to appeal to everyone, you will appeal to no one. You've got to choose who to lose. Indy Beagle has some great examples of this in the rabbit hole. He suggests that you hurry. The rabbit is afoot. The adventure has begun. Roy H. Williams

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0101: Greybeards talk with Howard Marks, Technologist Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary at VAST

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 30, 2020 43:40

As most of you know, Howard Marks (@deepstoragenet), Technologist Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary at VAST Data used to be a Greybeards co-host and is still on our roster as a co-host emeritus. When I started to schedule this podcast, it was going to be our 100th podcast and we wanted to invite Howard and the rest … Continue reading "0101: Greybeards talk with Howard Marks, Technologist Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary at VAST"

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0101: Greybeards talk with Howard Marks, Technologist Extraordinary & Plenipotentiary at VAST

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Play Episode Listen Later Apr 30, 2020 43:40

extraordinary vast technologists howard marks plenipotentiary greybeards

Ep 5 - Simona Miculescu

Getting Here

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 16, 2020 32:55

Simona Miculescu is the first woman in Romania's diplomatic history to be granted the rank of Ambassador. She is currently serving as Representative of the UN Secretary-General and Head of the UN Office in Belgrade since July 2015. Prior to this, she was the Permanent Representative of Romania to the United Nations in New York, with the rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. She also served as Foreign Policy Advisor to the President of Romania.

First teleconference between Malaysia-China Infectious Disease Specialist

Clinical Updates in COVID-19

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 26, 2020 127:24

(Audio: Chinese-English with bilingual translation) COVID-19 case discussion between Chinese and Malaysian doctors was held on 26th of March 2020. Q1: Role of Favipravir in treatment of COVID-19 cases 00:26:34 Q2: Comment of Malaysia COVID-19 treatment protocol 00:35:38 Q3: Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 00:52:03 Q4: Role of steroids in treatment of COVID-19 cases 01:02:36 Q5: Role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor in treatment of COVID-19 cases 01:09:29 Q6: Experience in usage of convalescent serum 01:14:17 Q7: Management of healthcare workers who exposed to positive COVID-19 patients without proper personal protection equipment (PPE). 01:22:04 Q8: Re-infection of COVID-19 01:34:09 Q9: Infectivity of patients who had recovered from the illness, but PCR test remains positive beyond 14 days 01:46:30 The summary of this video is available on google slide via https://cutt.ly/atQRllw Opening address by His Excellency Bai Tian, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to Malaysia, Mr Bei Zhaojian, Deputy Director-General of the Shanghai Municipal Foreign Affairs Office and Dr. Hishamshah Bin Mohd Ibrahim, Deputy Director General Of Health (Research & Technical Support), Ministry Of Health Malaysia representing YBhg.Dato' Seri Dr. Chen Chaw Min, Chief Secretary, Ministry of Health Malaysia. Experts from China are: Dr. Qiu Zhongmin, Director of Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Profesor Dr. Shen Yinzhong, Director of Department of Medical Administration, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Chief Physician, Department of Infection and Immunity Shanghai Also attended this video conference were the Infectious Disease Physicians and Specialists from 17 MOH Malaysia hospitals from all the 14 states and University Malaya (UM).

KRISTINE SYWENKYJ BAILEY: LIFE STORY THAT REFLECTS A CENTURY - ХРИСТИНА СИВЕНЬКА-БЕЙЛІ: ІСТОРІЯ РОДИННОГО ЖИТТЯ ЯК ВІДДЗЕРКАЛЕННЯ ЕПОХИ

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Play Episode Listen Later Feb 25, 2020 42:02

The Ukrainian community in Australia commemorates the life and work of Kristine Sywenkyj-Bailey, on the anniversary of her passing, in the presence of His Excellency, the Ambassador and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Australia, Dr Mykola Kulinich.... - Українці Австралії величаво вшанували відому українку з участю Надзвичайного і Повноважного Посла України в Австралії д-ра Миколи Кулінича...

Philippines-US Relations in a Changing Indo-Pacific

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Play Episode Listen Later Jan 24, 2020 44:14

About the Lecture: Ambassador Romualdez will speak on Philippines-US relations in the context of a quickly changing Indo-Pacific, including the emerging economic, political, and strategic realities of the region. He will also touch on the strong history of Philippine-US ties that include not only the trade and security relationship but perhaps most importantly the people to people ties that undergird the relationship. About the Speaker: Jose Manuel “Babe” del Gallego Romualdez was appointed Ambassador of the Republic of the Philippines to the United States of America in July 2017 by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. On 29 November 2017, he presented his credentials to US President Donald J. Trump and formally assumed office as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. Additionally, as the head of the Philippine Embassy in Washington, D.C., Ambassador Romualdez is concurrently the Philippines' emissary to the Commonwealth of Jamaica, Republic of Haiti; Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; Antigua and Barbuda; Bahamas; Barbados; Dominica; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; and Saint Lucia. Prior to his appointment, Ambassador Romualdez was designated as a special envoy of the Philippine President to the United States. He also served as a member of several Philippine business delegations visiting the United States, China, Japan and New Zealand from 1989 to 2012. Ambassador Romualdez has extensive experience as a media practitioner and business executive. He used to be the Chief Executive Officer of Stargate Media Corporation and Publisher of People Asia Magazine (The Philippine Star affiliate). He was president of the Manila Overseas Press Club and vice-president of Rotary Club of Manila. Ambassador Romualdez writes columns for The Philippine Star. All his columns have a wide following of readers both in the Philippines and abroad. Born and raised in Manila, Ambassador Romualdez received a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from De La Salle College in 1970.

Episode 74: Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities, with Ambassador Luis Gallegos of Ecuador

ADALive!

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 6, 2019 27:49

We are honored to have a special guest on this episode of ADA Live! - Luis Gallegos, J.D., the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Permanent Representative of Ecuador to the United Nations in New York, will discuss a global perspective on disability human rights. Peter Blanck, Ph.D., J.D.,University Professor & Chairman of the Burton Blatt Institute at Syracuse University, will interview Ambassador Gallegos about disability human rights as reflected in the United Nations (UN) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (“CRPD”) and the Convention’s Conference of States Parties (“COSP”) to the CRPD. The CRPD is an important human rights treaty, asserting that people with disabilities should have equality around the globe. When adopted in 2006, the CRPD was signed by the highest number of countries in the history of UN Conventions. It adopts a broad view of persons with disabilities and reaffirms that all persons with disabilities must enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms. It clarifies and qualifies how all human rights apply to persons with disabilities. The CRPD also identifies areas where adaptations have to be made for persons with disabilities to effectively exercise their rights, areas where their rights have been violated, and areas where protection of rights must be reinforced. Matters in regard to implementation of the CRPD are considered in the COSP. Ambassador Gallegos serves as Chair of the COSP. He has a crucial and unique worldview, which he will share and what he believes are the successes, challenges, and opportunities for people with disabilities moving forward.

UKRAINE AND AUSTRALIA, THE WAR WITH RUSSIA AND THE “STEINMEIER FORMULA” - Україна і Австралія, війна з Росією та "формула Штайнмайєра"

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Play Episode Listen Later Oct 23, 2019 31:14

Bogdan Rudnytski interviewed the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Australia Dr Mykola Kulinich. We spoke about the meetings of Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Yehor BOZHOK with MR. TONY SHEEHAN, Deputy Secretary DFAT - International Security, Humanitarian and Consular Group, and with other Australia’s Government bodies. The diplomat was visiting Canberra last week. Also we covered the situation in Ukraine and looked at the war with Russia and the "STEINMEIER FORMULA"… (www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/ukrainianTwitter: @sbsukrainianFacebook: SbsUkrainian) - Богдан Рудницький розмовляє на хвилях SBS Radio із Надзвичайним і Повноважним Послом України в Австралії доктором Миколою Кулінічем. Ми, зокрема, ведемо мову про нещодавній робочиq візит до Австралії Заступникf міністра закордонних справ України Єгорf Божка. У рамках візиту відбулися зустрічі українського дипломата із Першим заступником держсекретаря МЗС Австралії з питань міжнародної безпеки Тоні Шіаном, Заступником держсекретаря Міноборони Австралії Джерродом Говардом, директором Австралійського інституту стратегічних досліджень Пітером Дженінгсом та іншими урядовцями. Також у нашій розмові не оминаємо сумної й болючої теми війни поміж Україною та Росією, зокрема й торкаємося досить своєрідної та незрозумілої для багатьох «формули Штайнмайєра» для України... ( www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/ukrainian Twitter: @sbsukrainian Facebook: SbsUkrainian)

NEW MILESTONE WITH UKRAINE’S NEW GOVERNMENT - НОВИЙ ЕТАП З НОВИМ УКРАЇНСЬКИМ УРЯДОМ

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Play Episode Listen Later Sep 4, 2019 24:44

Bogdan Rudnytski interviewed the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Ukraine to Australia Dr Mykola Kulinich. We spoke about the Ukraine's new President, new parliament, newly government and about the war in Ukraine with Russia... - Богдан Рудницький розмовляє на хвилях SBS Radio ( www.sbs.com.au/yourlanguage/ukrainianTwitter: @sbsukrainian Facebook: SbsUkrainian) із Надзвичайним і Повноважним Послом України в Австралії доктором Миколою Кулінічем. Ми, зокрема, ведемо мову про можна сказати іще нового Президента України, новий парламент та щойно обраний Уряд Української держави. Як також робимо акценти на взаєминах поміж Австралією і Україною та, звичайно, не оминаємо сумної й болючої теми війни поміж Україною та Росією...

85: GreyBeards talk NVMe NAS with Howard Marks, Technologist Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, VAST Data Inc.

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 1, 2019 43:19

As most of you know, Howard Marks was a founding co-Host of the GreyBeards-On- Storage podcast and has since joined with VAST Data, an NVMe file and object storage vendor headquartered in NY with R&D out of Israel. We first met with VAST at StorageFieldDay18 (SFD18, video presentation). Howard announced his employment at that event. … Continue reading "85: GreyBeards talk NVMe NAS with Howard Marks, Technologist Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, VAST Data Inc."

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85: GreyBeards talk NVMe NAS with Howard Marks, Technologist Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, VAST Data Inc.

The TECHunplugged Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 1, 2019 43:19

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EP27 – VAST Data – A Revolutionary Storage Platform For The Next Decade – with Howard Marks

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 19, 2019 36:50

In this 27th episode of the TECHunplugged Podcast we welcome Howard Marks, Technologist Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary at VAST Data. Podcast co-hosts Max Mortillaro and Arjan Timmerman talk with Howard about VAST Data, his move to the dark side (we hear they have nice cookies at VAST Data), but also about the current state of all flash … Continue reading EP27 – VAST Data – A Revolutionary Storage Platform For The Next Decade – with Howard Marks →

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Episode 6: A conversation between the Utah Governor's Office of Economic Development's Regional Director for International Trade and Diplomacy Franz Kolb, and His Excellency George Maior, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Romania to the U.S.

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Interview with Ambassador of Ukraine in Australia Dr. Mykola Kulinich - Інтерв'ю з послом України в Австралії д-р Миколою Куліничем