Podcast appearances and mentions of richard muller

Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/editorialtpv El programa del día de hoy es una presentación del libro de Francisco Junius "Tratado sobre la verdadera teología" (2024). Ver aquí: https://teologiaparavivir.com/junius-tratado-sobre-la-verdadera-teologia/. El programa de hoy analiza la edición recién publicada de De theologia vera (Sobre la verdadera teología) de Francisco Junius, una obra reformada fundamental del siglo XVII. Los extractos se centran en los prolegómenos de la teología de Junius, que exploran la naturaleza, existencia y categorías de la teología. Junius distingue entre teología arquetípica y ectípica, y defiende la importancia de los aspectos relacionales y comunicativos de esta última. El material incluido también presenta la autobiografía de Junius, que ofrece una visión de su vida y su contexto, e incluye análisis introductorios de los eruditos Willem van Asselt y Richard Muller, que sitúan la obra de Junius dentro de la escolástica reformada y destacan su influencia duradera. Siguenos: - Web: https://teologiaparavivir.com/ - Blog: https://semperreformandaperu.org/ - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/teologiaparavivir/ - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/teologiaparavivir/ - Youtube: https://www.instagram.com/teologiaparavivir/

As the world searches for impactful solutions to global warming and energy independence, how important is it for policymakers to understand some level of physics? For today's guest – it's important enough to write a whole book on it. Richard Muller is a professor of physics at UC Berkeley and the author of numerous books including, Now: The Physics of Time and Physics for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines. Through his books aimed at general audiences, Richard is bringing physics to the masses and illustrates the field's relevance to everyday life. Richard and Greg discuss the critical role of physics in solving current global issues like global warming and energy independence, the broader significance of scientific literacy and objectivity, and major misconceptions about nuclear power. *unSILOed Podcast is produced by University FM.*Show Links:Recommended Resources:C.P. SnowAl GoreUnion of Concerned ScientistsADVANCE Act Enrico FermiHans BetheGuest Profile:Faculty Profile at UC BerkeleyProfessional WebsiteBerkeley Earth WebsiteHis Work:Now: The Physics of TimePhysics for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the HeadlinesEnergy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the HeadlinesThe Instant Physicist: An Illustrated GuideEpisode Quotes:Are we truly tackling climate change the right way?16:30: Global warming is happening. It is real. Temperature has risen in the last 150 years by 1.5 degrees Celsius—1.5 degrees Celsius. It's real, and it's caused by humans. And I believe—and this isn't science anymore—I believe it's a threat. [16:59] I also know from careful analysis that no major suggestions being made by Republicans, Democrats, or anybody will work, even if implemented; that's the biggest problem. People are suggesting, 'Oh, we should have a carbon tax,' as if that will solve the problem. I can argue effectively why it will not solve the problem. Electric cars certainly won't solve the problem. I don't believe solar and wind have a chance of solving the problem. So the two things we have that can solve the problem are higher efficiency, and that is working well around the world. The efficiency is improving enormously. And the other is nuclear power, which we have to make cheaper than coal.What do scientists need to do to maintain their reputation?14:58: Science has lost its credibility largely due to two very important stories. The first one is global warming, where so many scientists lost objectivity. And the other was in the whole COVID story. Because these things are so important, scientists said, "I can't be objective." They didn't say this out loud. They said, "It's important for me to tell people what they should believe." [16:06] So I think scientists need to maintain their reputation, or get it back, as one of the few disciplines from which you can get objective information.Science is driven by adventure, not curiosity49:05: Now, scientists are not driven by curiosity. Now, if you're driven by curiosity, you spend your entire day in the library, reading books. Okay, that's curiosity. Scientists—it's more of a challenge, of an adventure. It's what drove the early explorers in the 1600s to go and find a new world, maybe with gold in them. The whole idea of having an adventure is why you go into science, not out of curiosity.

#123 Silný výber – PRVÝ PEDAGOGICKÝ DIEL!  Tak možno ste si cez horúce politické leto plné cifroviek napr. Madam (Šimkovičovej)  spomenuli aj na „kluky ze Silnáče“, čo nás samozrejme teší… Tak diali sa na scéne veci… Ale my sme mali… Ako to spievali Horkýže slíže? Skrátka na lehátku, no. Ale už sme späť a v plnej poľnej. Je čas vás pripraviť na koniec tejto zlovlády. Silný výber. A vy ste gdo? Váš obľúbený podcast môžete teraz podporiť aj cez náš Patreon, alebo kúpou šalomčeka: https://www.patreon.com/silnyvyber/membership  https://www.buymeacoffee.com/silny_vyber  Pripíjame a pripomíname: na narodeniny Vladimíra Kara-Murzu (43), In memoriam Franz Jozef Strauss, pri príležitosti dočasného odchodu Richarda Sulíka do politického dôchodku, úspech FC Slovan aj slovenských volejbalistiek (postup na MS), narodeniny našich obľúbených umelcov, ktorými sa to v auguste a začiatkom septembra len tak hemží - Juraj Bartoš, Tomi Zubák, Yxo z Hexu, Bejzo z Polemicu a Maestro Totibadze. Historický kalendár Jána Žideka (výber) Pripomíname si SNP aj Deň ústavy SR.  Predseda vlády ČR, Petr Fiala, oslavuje 60 rokov. Pred 85 rokmi začala 2. Svetová vojna. Pred 24 rokmi vydal Okresný súd v Bratislave medzinárodný zatykač na bývalého riaditeľa SIS Ivana Lexu. Richard Muller oslavuje 63 rokov. Pripili sme si s:  https://cockta.eu/en/#new_look_legendary_taste  Endorse:  https://donio.sk/360tka https://donio.sk/dvtv-sk  Hudba v podcaste:  George Gershwin – Rhapsody in Blue Odporúčaná hudba:  Blanche – So Fine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPTU8ccpO-E  Xavier Baumaxa – Lendl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNFdG9Ts4lE 

In this episode, Dr. Rich Muller talks about the aerial defense of Germany during World War II, and how the German Luftwaffe was supplied, manned, attrited and replenished / reconstituted throughout the war and what that meant for the Allies and Allied Air Forces, We also talk a bit about the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, SAASS, which is the US Air Force's version of SAMS (the School of Advanced Military Studies) in the Army and SAW (the School of Advanced Warfighting) in the Marine Corps. Links The Luftwaffe Over Germany: Defense of the Reich by Donald Caldwell and Richard Muller (https://www.amazon.com/Luftwaffe-Over-Germany-Defense-Reich/dp/1848327412) --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/mother-of-tanks/message

This week we are joined by researcher and YouTube creator Jacob of Ephraim. Jacob's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@jacobofephraim1041 Coronal Mass Ejections (CME's) are huge eruptions of plasma from the Sun's corona, the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere. They are often associated with solar flares, which are sudden bursts of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun. However, the exact relationship between coronal mass ejections and solar flares is not well understood. Coronal mass ejections can travel at different speeds, ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand kilometres per second. They can reach Earth in anywhere from 15 hours to several days, depending on their speed and direction. When they interact with Earth's magnetosphere, they can cause geomagnetic storms, which can affect power grids, communication systems, satellites, and astronauts. They can also trigger beautiful auroras, which are colourful displays of light in the sky caused by charged particles colliding with the atmosphere.   The Nemesis Star Hypothesis proposes that the Sun has a distant companion star, called Nemesis, that periodically disturbs the orbits of comets and asteroids in the outer solar system, sending some of them towards Earth and causing mass extinctions. The hypothesis was first suggested in 1984 by Richard Muller, who based it on the apparent cycle of 26 million years between major extinction events in Earth's history. He proposed that Nemesis was a red dwarf star, about 1.5 light-years away from the Sun, beyond the Oort cloud Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis is a theory that suggests that there have been rapid and dramatic changes in the position of Earth's axis of rotation, causing disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and climate changes. According to this hypothesis, the crust of Earth can move independently from the mantle and core, due to the influence of external forces, such as gravity from the Sun and the Moon, or internal forces, such as centrifugal force and convection currents. This movement can cause the crust to slide over the mantle, shifting the geographic poles and changing the latitudes of continents and oceans.   The cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis is often confused with the geomagnetic reversal, which is the periodic reversal of Earth's magnetic field, switching the north and south magnetic poles.  The cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis has been popularised by some authors, such as Charles Hapgood, who claimed that ancient civilizations had knowledge of pole shifts and predicted their occurrence in the near future. He also suggested that pole shifts were responsible for the extinction of some animals, such as the woolly mammoth, and the preservation of their remains in frozen regions. #solarflare  #nemesistheory #massextinction  ____________________________________________________________________ Follow us here: https://allmylinks.com/the-amish-inquisition Signup for the newsletter, join the community, follow us online, and most importantly share links!  ____________________________________________________________________   Producer Credits for Ep 304: Helen, Aliyah, Emma Bridges, Richard Morris ____________________________________________________________________ Leave us a voicemail: 07562245894 Message us here....follow, like, subscribe and share. (comments, corrections, future topics etc). We read out iTunes reviews if you leave them. Website - http://www.theamishinquisition.com/ Join the Element server: https://matrix.to/#/%23the-amish-inquisition%3Amatrix.org Subscribe to the Newsletter: http://www.theamishinquisition.com/p/subscribe-to-the-newsletter/ Get your Merch from: The Amish Loot Chest - https://teespring.com/en-GB/stores/amish-inquisition-loot-chest Email - theamishinquisition@gmail.com Buy us a Coffee - https://www.buymeacoffee.com/theamishguys Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/theamishinquisition Twitch - https://www.twitch.tv/theamishinquisition Odysee Channel - https://odysee.com/@theamishinquisition:e Rumble - https://rumble.com/c/c-1347401 Twitter - https://twitter.com/amishinqpodcast Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/amish.inquisit.3 Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/theamishinquisition/?hl=en Bitchute - https://www.bitchute.com/channel/0fNMZAQctCme/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmv8ucrv5a2KpaRWyBWfBUA Find out how to become a Producer here - http://www.theamishinquisition.com/p/phil-1523918247/ Become a Producer! The Amish Inquisition is 100% supported by YOU.  NO Ads, NO Sponsorship, NO Paywalls. We really don't want to suckle at the teat of some faceless corporate overlord. But that is only avoidable with your help! Join your fellow producers by donating to The Amish Inquisition via the PayPal button on our website, simply donate whatever you think the show is worth to you. If you find the podcast valuable, please consider returning some value to us and help keep the show free and honest.

Die Episode über Doppel- und Mehrfachsternsysteme und dem hypothetischen Zwillingsstern der Sonne, Nemesis. Außerdem: romantische Vorstellungen in der Forschung. Ihr könnt uns gerne unterstützen und zwar bei [Steady](https://steadyhq.com/de/cosmiclatte/), [Patreon] (https://patreon.com/CosmiclattePodcast), [Paypal](https://paypal.me/cosmiclattepod)!

E se a Reforma for mais católica do que estamos acostumados a pensar? Neste segundo episódio da minissérie sobre a relação entre Reforma e secularização, damos palco a autores que contestam a narrativa de Brad Gregory e até a de Charles Taylor, apresentada no episódio anterior. Mostrando precedentes medievais para práticas modernas que a Reforma tentou corrigir, bem como sua continuidade com a igreja medieval e patrística, tentamos descobrir o que realmente deu errado para que a secularização viesse à tona na modernidade. Veja uma transcrição deste episódio em nosso blog. Na Pilgrim você também pode ver mais detalhes a excelente resposta de Kevin Vanhoozer a críticas contemporâneas à Reforma. _____ PARA SE APROFUNDAR Brad Gregory. The Unintended Reformation. Charles Taylor. A Secular Age. Brad Littlejohn. “The civil magistrate” em Protestant Social Teaching. Carl Trueman. “Taylor's complex, incomplete historical narrative” in Our Secular age. Richard Cross. “'Where Angels Fear to Tread': Duns Scotus and Radical Orthodoxy, Antonianum 76 (2001) Richard Muller. “Not Scotist”. Reformation and Renaissance Review. 2012. Kevin Vanhoozer. Autoridade bíblica pós-Reforma. Peter Harrison. The Bible, Protestantism, and the Rise of Natural Science. Dru Johnson. Filosofia bíblica. Ensaios de Mark Noll, Karin Maag e John Witte em Protestantism after 500 years. Paul C. H. Lim. “Not Solely Sola Scriptura, or, a Rejoinder to Brad S. Gregory's The Unintended Reformation” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies46:3, September 2016 Pieter Vos. Longing for the good life: virtue ethics after Protestantism. Jaroslav Pelikan. 'The Tragic Necessity of the Reformation', Christian Century, 9 September. 1959, 1017. Ephraim Radner. The Reformation Wrongly Blamed. First Things. _____ JÁ CONHECE A PILGRIM? A nossa plataforma oferece acesso a conteúdos cristãos de qualidade no formato que você preferir. Na Pilgrim você encontra audiolivros, ebooks, palestras, resumos, livros impressos e artigos para cada momento do seu dia e da sua vida: https://thepilgrim.com.br/ _____ SEJA PILGRIM PREMIUM Seja um assinante da Pilgrim e tenha acesso a mais de 9000 livros, cursos, artigos e muito mais em uma única assinatura mensal: https://thepilgrim.com.br/seja-um-assinante Quais as vantagens? Acesso aos originais Pilgrim + Download ilimitado para ouvir offline + Acesso a mais de 9.000 títulos! + Frete grátis na compra de livros impressos em nossa loja _____ SIGA A PILGRIM No Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/pilgrim.app/ no Twitter: https://twitter.com/AppPilgrim no TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@pilgrimapp e no YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCy1lBN2eNOdL_dJtKnQZlCw Entre em contato através do contato@thepilgrim.com.br. Em suma é um podcast original Pilgrim. Todos os direitos reservados. O ponto de vista deste texto é de responsabilidade de seu(s) autor(es) e colaboradores diretos, não refletindo necessariamente a posição da Pilgrim ou de sua equipe de profissionais.

Domingão do Carlão conversa com o empresário Richard Muller, sócio da Agrícola Famosa, a maior exportadora de Melão e Melancia do mundo. Um negócio gigante mas atento aos pequenos detalhes. Conheça um pouco dessa história, hoje muita famosa, de uma empresa orgulho do agro brasileiro. Prosa gravada na Espanha, durante a nossa visita à fábrica da DVA em Málaga. Fala aí, Richard!

On August 3rd, Senate Republicans held a hearing examining gain of function research: its possible role in creating the COVID-19 pandemic; the problems with oversight of this dangerous research; and recommendations to Congress for how to fix those problems. Episode Transcript Please Support Congressional Dish – Quick Links Contribute monthly or a lump sum via PayPal Support Congressional Dish via Patreon (donations per episode) Send Zelle payments to: Donation@congressionaldish.com Send Venmo payments to: @Jennifer-Briney Send Cash App payments to: $CongressionalDish or Donation@congressionaldish.com Use your bank's online bill pay function to mail contributions to: 5753 Hwy 85 North, Number 4576, Crestview, FL 32536. Please make checks payable to Congressional Dish Thank you for supporting truly independent media! Watch Jen's Interview on CSPAN!!! Background Sources Gain-of-function Research Talha Burki. Feb 1, 2018. “Ban on gain-of-function studies ends.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 18(2): pp 148-149. “Framework for Guiding Funding Decisions about Proposed Research Involving Enhanced Potential Pandemic Pathogens.” 2017. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Michael J. Selgelid. Aug 8, 2016. “Gain-of-Function Research: Ethical Analysis.” Science and Engineering Ethics 22(4): pp 923-964. Sara Reardon. October 22, 2014. “US suspends risky disease research.” Nature 514: pp 411-412. “Doing Diligence to Assess the Risks and Benefits of Life Sciences Gain-of-Function Research.” Oct 17, 2014. The White House Blog. Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; Committee on Science, Technology, and Law; Policy and Global Affairs; Board on Health Sciences Policy; National Research Council; Institute of Medicine. April 13, 2015. “Potential Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Research: Summary of a Workshop.” National Academies Press. Marc Lipsitch. Jun 29, 2014. “Anthrax? That's Not the Real Worry.” The New York Times. COVID-19 Origin Theories Gary Ruskin. Sep 14, 2022. “Key articles on origins of Covid-19, gain-of-function research and biolabs.” U.S. Right to Know. Alina Chan. Jul 30, 2022. “The evidence for a natural vs lab origin of Covid-19.” Medium. Maria Cheng and Janey Keaten. Jun 9, 2022. “WHO: COVID origins unclear but lab leak theory needs study.” AP News. “WHO Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO): preliminary report.” Jun 9, 2022. World Health Organization. Carl Zimmer and James Gorman. Updated Oct 13, 2021. “A Group of Scientists Presses a Case Against the Lab Leak Theory of Covid.” The New York Times. Richard Muller and Steven Quay. Oct 5, 2021. “Science Closes In on Covid's Origins.” The Wall Street Journal. Steven Quay and Richard Muller. Jun 6, 2021. “The Science Suggests a Wuhan Lab Leak.” The Wall Street Journal. “TWiV 762: SARS-CoV-2 origins with Robert Garry.” May 30, 2021. This Week in Virology [Podcast]. Glenn Kessler. May 25, 2021. “Timeline: How the Wuhan lab-leak theory suddenly became credible.” The Washington Post. Jorge Casesmeiro Roger. Mar 24, 2021. “An Interview with Richard Ebright: The WHO Investigation Members Were ‘participants in disinformation.'” Independent Science News. Josh Rogin. Mar 8, 2021. “In 2018, Diplomats Warned of Risky Coronavirus Experiments in a Wuhan Lab. No One Listened.” Politico. Jane Qiu. Jun 1, 2020. “How China's ‘Bat Woman' Hunted Down Viruses from SARS to the New Coronavirus.” Scientific American. EcoHealth Alliance and Funding for Coronavirus Research Katherine Eban. March 31, 2022. “‘This Shouldn't Happen': Inside the Virus-Hunting Nonprofit at the Center of the Lab-Leak Controversy.” Vanity Fair. Sharon Lerner and Maia Hibbett. Sep, 23 2021. “Leaked Grant Proposal Details High-Risk Coronavirus Research.” The Intercept. Glenn Kessler. May 18, 2021. “Fact-checking the Paul-Fauci flap over Wuhan lab funding.” The Washington Post. Meredith Wadman and Jon Cohen. Apr 30, 2020. “NIH's axing of bat coronavirus grant a ‘horrible precedent' and might break rules, critics say.” Science. National Institutes of Health. May 27, 2014. NIH grant to EcoHealth Alliance for Wuhan research. NIH RePORTER. NIH Database Data Removal Amy Dockser Marcus. Jun 23, 2021. “Chinese Covid-19 Gene Data That Could Have Aided Pandemic Research Removed From NIH Database.” The Hearing Revisiting Gain of Function Research: What the Pandemic Taught Us and Where Do We Go From Here August 3, 2022 Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs: Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Spending Oversight Witnesses: Richard H. Ebright, Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Laboratory Director, Rutgers University Waksman Institute of Microbiology Testimony Steven Quay, CEO and Founder, Atossa Therapeutics, Inc. Testimony Kevin M. Esvelt, Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Testimony Cover Art Design by Only Child Imaginations Music Presented in This Episode Intro & Exit: Tired of Being Lied To by David Ippolito (found on Music Alley by mevio)

Some have recently utilized both Dr. Richard Muller and John Calvin to downplay any place for natural theology. What we will see is that neither Muller nor Calvin remove natural theology altogether from Reformed thought.

Some have recently utilized both Dr. Richard Muller and John Calvin to downplay any place for natural theology. What we will see is that neither Muller nor Calvin remove natural theology altogether from Reformed thought.

Megyn Kelly is joined by Dr. Richard Muller, emeritus professor of physics at the University of California Berkeley, and Michael Shellenberger, author of the new book "San Fransicko: Why Progressives Ruin Cities," to talk about the reality of the COVID lab leak theory, the four main reasons the origin of COVID-19 points to the Wuhan lab, the homelessness crisis in America, the truth about drug crimes, the rise of violence in American cities, the push to "Defund the Police," how mental health counseling can help, and more.Follow The Megyn Kelly Show on all social platforms: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/MegynKellyTwitter: http://Twitter.com/MegynKellyShowInstagram: http://Instagram.com/MegynKellyShowFacebook: http://Facebook.com/MegynKellyShow Find out more information at: https://www.devilmaycaremedia.com/megynkellyshow

Covid-19 has been around for more than a year now and the harm it does has been well established. We've all heard the stories about the lives lost, the mental anguish and the businesses shuttered, but what's less clear is where the novel coronavirus actually came from. And according to my guest today, the answer to that question lies not in a cave in Wuhan, but in a lab. What's the evidence? To discuss this, Oksana is joined by Richard Muller, professor emeritus of physics at the University of California, Berkeley.

Megyn Kelly is joined by Josh Rogin, author of "Chaos Under Heaven," David Marcus, author of "Charade," and Richard Muller, physicist and co-author of a new Wall Street Journal column about the origins of COVID, to talk about what really happened in the Wuhan lab, what Dr. Fauci's emails reveal, what makes COVID-19 different from every other coronavirus we know, why and how the Wuhan lab leak theory was suppressed, lockdown hypocrisy and hypocrisy of America's elites and politicians, China's influence on the Wuhan theory and gain-of-function research, Fauci's failed oversight, the mistakes of trusting the "experts" about COVID, the state of the media, and more.Follow The Megyn Kelly Show on all social platforms:Twitter: http://Twitter.com/MegynKellyShowInstagram: http://Instagram.com/MegynKellyShowFacebook: http://Facebook.com/MegynKellyShowFind out more information at:https://www.devilmaycaremedia.com/megynkellyshow

Jason Cousineau and Eric Renderking Fisk discuss the latest developments in the search for the origins of COVID19 and the dramatic turn the quest has taken with the Wall Street Journal article, "The Science Suggests a Wuhan Lab Leak..." by By Steven Quay and Richard Muller. There are "genetic fingerprints" that prove this virus was taken from nature and modified in the lab. And the reason why people around the world became sick or even died because of an accident? And the people who are responsible for all this death and economic ruin are the same people who control the narrative. The biggest news story of your life continues to be stranger than science fiction. And if conspiracy theorists are right about this, what else are they (or we) right about, too?

Jason Cousineau and Eric Renderking Fisk discuss the latest developments in the search for the origins of COVID19 and the dramatic turn the quest has taken with the Wall Street Journal article, "The Science Suggests a Wuhan Lab Leak..." by By Steven Quay and Richard Muller. There are "genetic fingerprints" that prove this virus was taken from nature and modified in the lab. And the reason why people around the world became sick or even died because of an accident? And the people who are responsible for all this death and economic ruin are the same people who control the narrative. The biggest news story of your life continues to be stranger than science fiction. And if conspiracy theorists are right about this, what else are they (or we) right about, too?

Megyn Kelly is joined by Josh Rogin, author of "Chaos Under Heaven," David Marcus, author of "Charade," and Richard Muller, physicist and co-author of a new Wall Street Journal column about the origins of COVID, to talk about what really happened in the Wuhan lab, what Dr. Fauci's emails reveal, what makes COVID-19 different from every other coronavirus we know, why and how the Wuhan lab leak theory was suppressed, lockdown hypocrisy and hypocrisy of America's elites and politicians, China's influence on the Wuhan theory and gain-of-function research, Fauci's failed oversight, the mistakes of trusting the "experts" about COVID, the state of the media, and more. Follow The Megyn Kelly Show on all social platforms: Twitter: http://Twitter.com/MegynKellyShow Instagram: http://Instagram.com/MegynKellyShow Facebook: http://Facebook.com/MegynKellyShow Find out more information at: https://www.devilmaycaremedia.com/megynkellyshow Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Justice Sonia Sotomayor, Justice Stephen Breyer, and Justice Brett Kavanaugh rejected a military draft sex discrimination case, saying it is a matter for the Congress. This means the men's Military Draft remains the current law. Women can volunteer for military service, even combat. They just cannot be drafted.Louis Avallone and Stephen Parr compare US Military Recruitment Ad Campaigns of the current Biden Administration to those of years past! And remember, this is who will be defending our Nation against other Nation enemies truly determined to destroy us!Our American Mama, Denise Arthur, says she went to the “Land of DeSantis” and felt “born again” because all COVID restrictions no longer exist in Florida! No masks! No attendance restrictions. No "where to eat meals" restrictions. No music, singing, and dancing restrictions. No “immediate family only” restrictions. Denise insists that people need to be free again…..our Nation's emotional health is at risk otherwise.Half of our 50 States are now taking actions — by suing the Federal Government, by legislative actions, and/or by Governor executive orders — to protect the States from the Federal over-reach of the Biden Administration and of the Socialist Democrat controlled Congress. This is why the 10th Amendment to the US Constitution is so critically important: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people”.Stephen Quay, founder of Seattle-based Atossa Therapeutics Inc, and Richard Muller, a physics professor at the University of California Berkeley, just added substantial scientific knowledge to explain the now apparent Chinese creation of COVID-19 in the Wuhan Labs, as well as Fauci's secret support for the research (as known from his now disclosed e-mails). As Quay and Muller wrote for the Wall Street Journal, “Covid-19 has a genetic footprint that has never been observed in a natural coronavirus.” SARS or MERS also were coronaviruses, but they did not have a critical DNA pattern called “CGG-CGG”. Quay and Muller explain how that “CGG-CGG” is only man-made in the labs.So….the Socialist Democrats have used “Mask Mandates” all over the Nation as a way to condition Americans to “obey” government orders which otherwise are in conflict with individual Constitutional Rights. And now look what they have done to “their” protected environment! It takes 450 years for masks made with any kind of petroleum product to decompose in nature. And how many were made with synthetic oil-based products?California Federal District Judge Roger Benitez ruled the California's 32-year old ban of “assault weapons”, including the AR-15, is unconstitutional. He explained, “Government is not free to impose its own new policy choices on American citizens where Constitutional rights are concerned.” He even called the California law a “failed experiment”. He agreed the AR-15 could be used on a battlefield, but pointed out that so could the Swiss Army Knife. Furthermore, both definitely could be used for home defense, which is precisely the purpose behind the 2nd Amendment. The case will now be appealed to the 9th Circuit, and then to the Supreme Court, in all likelihood.

In this minisode I continue to share some of what I have learned so far from "After Arminius: A Historical Introduction to Arminian Theology" by Thomas H. McCall and Keith D. Stanglin. In this minisode I focus on the second part of Chapter 2: "Heat and Light" which focuses on English Arminianism. I start off by sharing what I learned about the controversy surrounding Peter Baro at Cambridge which actually predated the Arminian controversy in the Netherlands! Then we look at the positives and negatives of English Arminianism including the thought of Thomas Jackson, John Goodwin, Thomas Goad, and George Bull. Here is the link to the article by Richard Muller about Thomas Goad.  Goading the Determinists: Thomas Goad (1576-1638) On Necessity, Contingency, and God's Eternal Decree by Richard A. Muller  Make sure you buy a copy of "After Arminius" for yourself: "After Arminius" on Amazon 

No-one has done more than Richard A. Muller to shape our approach to early modern historical theology. His earlier work, and most especially the four volumes of his Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, initiated fresh interest in reading early modern Reformed sources on their own terms and in their own contexts, and pushed back against reductive accounts of the history of theological ideas. In this important new book, Grace and Freedom: William Perkins and the Early Modern Reformed Understanding of Free Choice and Divine Grace (Oxford UP, 2020), Muller argues that we need to re-think our understanding of the debate about “free will” – he prefers “free choice” – and divine sovereignty. In a close reading of work by William Perkins, the Church of England minister who became theologian of choice for the emerging puritan movement, Muller argues that the study of these themes require new categories of analysis – which, as might expect, are really some very old categories indeed. Crawford Gribben is a professor of history at Queen's University Belfast. His research interests focus on the history of puritanism and evangelicalism, and he is the author most recently of Survival and Resistance in evangelical America: Christian Reconstruction in the Pacific Northwest (Oxford UP, 2021). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

No-one has done more than Richard A. Muller to shape our approach to early modern historical theology. His earlier work, and most especially the four volumes of his Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, initiated fresh interest in reading early modern Reformed sources on their own terms and in their own contexts, and pushed back against reductive accounts of the history of theological ideas. In this important new book, Grace and Freedom: William Perkins and the Early Modern Reformed Understanding of Free Choice and Divine Grace (Oxford UP, 2020), Muller argues that we need to re-think our understanding of the debate about “free will” – he prefers “free choice” – and divine sovereignty. In a close reading of work by William Perkins, the Church of England minister who became theologian of choice for the emerging puritan movement, Muller argues that the study of these themes require new categories of analysis – which, as might expect, are really some very old categories indeed. Crawford Gribben is a professor of history at Queen’s University Belfast. His research interests focus on the history of puritanism and evangelicalism, and he is the author most recently of Survival and Resistance in evangelical America: Christian Reconstruction in the Pacific Northwest (Oxford UP, 2021). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

No-one has done more than Richard A. Muller to shape our approach to early modern historical theology. His earlier work, and most especially the four volumes of his Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, initiated fresh interest in reading early modern Reformed sources on their own terms and in their own contexts, and pushed back against reductive accounts of the history of theological ideas. In this important new book, Grace and Freedom: William Perkins and the Early Modern Reformed Understanding of Free Choice and Divine Grace (Oxford UP, 2020), Muller argues that we need to re-think our understanding of the debate about “free will” – he prefers “free choice” – and divine sovereignty. In a close reading of work by William Perkins, the Church of England minister who became theologian of choice for the emerging puritan movement, Muller argues that the study of these themes require new categories of analysis – which, as might expect, are really some very old categories indeed. Crawford Gribben is a professor of history at Queen's University Belfast. His research interests focus on the history of puritanism and evangelicalism, and he is the author most recently of Survival and Resistance in evangelical America: Christian Reconstruction in the Pacific Northwest (Oxford UP, 2021).

No-one has done more than Richard A. Muller to shape our approach to early modern historical theology. His earlier work, and most especially the four volumes of his Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, initiated fresh interest in reading early modern Reformed sources on their own terms and in their own contexts, and pushed back against reductive accounts of the history of theological ideas. In this important new book, Grace and Freedom: William Perkins and the Early Modern Reformed Understanding of Free Choice and Divine Grace (Oxford UP, 2020), Muller argues that we need to re-think our understanding of the debate about “free will” – he prefers “free choice” – and divine sovereignty. In a close reading of work by William Perkins, the Church of England minister who became theologian of choice for the emerging puritan movement, Muller argues that the study of these themes require new categories of analysis – which, as might expect, are really some very old categories indeed. Crawford Gribben is a professor of history at Queen’s University Belfast. His research interests focus on the history of puritanism and evangelicalism, and he is the author most recently of Survival and Resistance in evangelical America: Christian Reconstruction in the Pacific Northwest (Oxford UP, 2021). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

No-one has done more than Richard A. Muller to shape our approach to early modern historical theology. His earlier work, and most especially the four volumes of his Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, initiated fresh interest in reading early modern Reformed sources on their own terms and in their own contexts, and pushed back against reductive accounts of the history of theological ideas. In this important new book, Grace and Freedom: William Perkins and the Early Modern Reformed Understanding of Free Choice and Divine Grace (Oxford UP, 2020), Muller argues that we need to re-think our understanding of the debate about “free will” – he prefers “free choice” – and divine sovereignty. In a close reading of work by William Perkins, the Church of England minister who became theologian of choice for the emerging puritan movement, Muller argues that the study of these themes require new categories of analysis – which, as might expect, are really some very old categories indeed. Crawford Gribben is a professor of history at Queen’s University Belfast. His research interests focus on the history of puritanism and evangelicalism, and he is the author most recently of Survival and Resistance in evangelical America: Christian Reconstruction in the Pacific Northwest (Oxford UP, 2021). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

No-one has done more than Richard A. Muller to shape our approach to early modern historical theology. His earlier work, and most especially the four volumes of his Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, initiated fresh interest in reading early modern Reformed sources on their own terms and in their own contexts, and pushed back against reductive accounts of the history of theological ideas. In this important new book, Grace and Freedom: William Perkins and the Early Modern Reformed Understanding of Free Choice and Divine Grace (Oxford UP, 2020), Muller argues that we need to re-think our understanding of the debate about “free will” – he prefers “free choice” – and divine sovereignty. In a close reading of work by William Perkins, the Church of England minister who became theologian of choice for the emerging puritan movement, Muller argues that the study of these themes require new categories of analysis – which, as might expect, are really some very old categories indeed. Crawford Gribben is a professor of history at Queen’s University Belfast. His research interests focus on the history of puritanism and evangelicalism, and he is the author most recently of Survival and Resistance in evangelical America: Christian Reconstruction in the Pacific Northwest (Oxford UP, 2021). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

No-one has done more than Richard A. Muller to shape our approach to early modern historical theology. His earlier work, and most especially the four volumes of his Post-Reformation Reformed Dogmatics, initiated fresh interest in reading early modern Reformed sources on their own terms and in their own contexts, and pushed back against reductive accounts of the history of theological ideas. In this important new book, Grace and Freedom: William Perkins and the Early Modern Reformed Understanding of Free Choice and Divine Grace (Oxford UP, 2020), Muller argues that we need to re-think our understanding of the debate about “free will” – he prefers “free choice” – and divine sovereignty. In a close reading of work by William Perkins, the Church of England minister who became theologian of choice for the emerging puritan movement, Muller argues that the study of these themes require new categories of analysis – which, as might expect, are really some very old categories indeed. Crawford Gribben is a professor of history at Queen’s University Belfast. His research interests focus on the history of puritanism and evangelicalism, and he is the author most recently of Survival and Resistance in evangelical America: Christian Reconstruction in the Pacific Northwest (Oxford UP, 2021). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this series of episodes, we had the opportunity to interview Keith Stanglin! In this episode, Keith discusses how he originally became interested in Arminian theology and a little about his theological journey. He also discusses what led him to write "Jacob Arminius: Theologian of Grace." Keith shares what it was like to study the theology of Arminius at Calvin Seminary under the guidance of Richard Muller. Keith then discusses what the greatest strengths of Arminian theology and why so few people have conducted scholarly studies of the theology of Arminius. In the next episode, we will discuss Keith's new book "After Arminius: A Historical Introduction to Arminian Theology." Stay tuned!  Keith Stanglin is the co-author of: Jacob Arminius: Theologian of Grace (Order Now!) After Arminius: A Historical Introduction to Arminian Theology (Pre-Order Now!) 

In this Reformations Conversation, Dr. Maag chats with Richard Muller, whose latest book, _Grace and Freedom: William Perkins and the Early Modern Understanding of Free Choice and Divine Grace_, is just out with Oxford University Press. Dr. Muller is the PJ Zondervan Professor Emeritus at Calvin Theological Seminary, and the Senior Fellow at the Junius Institute for Digital Reformation Research. Have a listen.

I'm so excited to bring to you the ideas that Now - The Physics of Time by Richard Muller have been giving me this week. It has made me try to think about everything in life in whole new ways and what I mean by that, new ways of thinking at a fundamental level, not just new ideas. How I think, not what I'm thinking about. Also, let's embrace who and what we are and love by no longer seeking validation from those who are not qualified to do so. thank you to the patrons! https://www.patreon.com/ryansinger Also, follow my new project! https://www.instagram.com/crystaleyesapp/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/meandparanormalyou/message

Let's discuss whether or not other galaxies we can see in space could be parallel dimension including other versions of you and me. We also get into Richard Muller's idea that Eddington was wrong and that Astrology was debunked. Thank you, patrons! https://www.patreon.com/ryansinger --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/meandparanormalyou/message

Futurist and author Trond Arne Undheim interviews Elizabeth Muller, CEO and co-founder of Deep Isolation, the nuclear waste disposal startup, which she has founded together with renowned physicist Richard Muller, who is also her father.  The takeaway is that nuclear waste is indeed a futuristic topic, given that Deep Isolation has a one million year time horizon on the efficacy of their technology. It's also interesting that drilling technology can be deployed to place canisters of nuclear waste in deep horizontal drill holes utilizing stable rock formations as a protective barrier.   After listening, check out Deep Isolation as well as Richard and Elizabeth Muller's profiles:Deep Isolation https://www.deepisolation.com/Elizabeth Muller (LinkedIn) https://www.linkedin.com/in/elizabethmuller/Richard Muller - The Edge - member profile: https://www.edge.org/memberbio/richard_muller Additional context about the show, the topics, and our guests, including show notes and a full list of podcast players that syndicate the show can be found at https://trondundheim.com/podcast/. For more about the host, including media coverage, books and more, see:Trond Arne Undheim's personal website (https://trondundheim.com/)The Yegii Insights blog (https://yegii.wpcomstaging.com/)Pandemic Aftermath https://trondundheim.com/pandemic-aftermath/ Disruption Games https://trondundheim.com/disruptiongames/To advertise or become a guest on the show, contact the podcast host here. If you like the show, please tell all your friends, subscribe and consider rating it five stars. The show is hosted by Podbean and can be found at Futurized.co. 

Let's dive into a discussion that includes Now: The Physics of Time by Richard Muller, The Holographic Universe by Michael Talbot, and the TV Show Dark available on Netflix, and how it may be possible to travel and change the past with our consciousness. It is A LOT to try and think about for sure. Thank you to the patrons! This ep is available on early release for those who signed up over there. www.patreon.com/ryansinger much love - Ryan --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/meandparanormalyou/message

Meeter Center Director Dr. Karin Maag talks with Richard Muller, Emeritus Professor at Calvin Theological Seminary and a noted expert on Calvin and Calvinism. Dr. Muller discusses his early career, what got him interested in Reformation studies, and offers tips for new graduate students.

S manažérom Riša Müllera, Adnanom Hamzičom, sa rozprávame o novej hudobnej relácii na RTVS - "3 pódiá". Veľmi otvorene hovoríme o kvalite tohto typu programu na našich obrazovkách, ale kecáme aj o tom, ako ťažké - či ľahké, je dostať známe tváre pred TV kamery.

Thank you for joining us on Episode 25 of RadioNuclear! Happy birthday to RadioNuclear, which turned two years old earlier this month. Thank you to everyone who continues to listen and support the show! This week, we discuss what events may have led to the release of radioactivity in Russia back in August, and also take...

Majk Spirit patrí medzi najúspešnejších slovenských rapperov. Okrem toho, že je členom hip-hopovej formácie H16 a má vlastné vydavateľstvo, pôsobil aj ako porotca jednej z talentových speváckych šou.  Od detstva sa venoval športu. Dokonca mal blízko k futbalovej reprezentácii. Neskôr sa dostal do bližšieho kontaktu s hudbou vďaka kamarátom na ulici.  Majk je svojím spôsobom rapper – filozof, o čom svedčí aj jeho najnovší album s názvom „Nie som tu náhodou“. Hosťoval na ňom aj legendárny Richard Muller. Cieľom Majka Spirita bolo vytvoriť najlepší album, aký tu kedy bol. Investoval doň veľa času. Pracoval na ňom 34 rokov.   Talkshow so Šarkanom počúvate vždy v nedeľu od 10:00 do 12:00 vo Fun rádiu.

Majk Spirit patrí medzi najúspešnejších slovenských rapperov. Okrem toho, že je členom hip-hopovej formácie H16 a má vlastné vydavateľstvo, pôsobil aj ako porotca jednej z talentových speváckych šou. Od detstva sa venoval športu. Dokonca mal blízko k futbalovej reprezentácii. Neskôr sa dostal do bližšieho kontaktu s hudbou vďaka kamarátom na ulici. Majk je svojím spôsobom rapper – filozof, o čom svedčí aj jeho najnovší album s názvom „Nie som tu náhodou“. Hosťoval na ňom aj legendárny Richard Muller. Cieľom Majka Spirita bolo vytvoriť najlepší album, aký tu kedy bol. Investoval doň veľa času. Pracoval na ňom 34 rokov. Talkshow so Šarkanom počúvate vždy v nedeľu od 10:00 do 12:00 vo Fun rádiu.

Majk Spirit patrí medzi najúspešnejších slovenských rapperov. Okrem toho, že je členom hip-hopovej formácie H16 a má vlastné vydavateľstvo, pôsobil aj ako porotca jednej z talentových speváckych šou.  Od detstva sa venoval športu. Dokonca mal blízko k futbalovej reprezentácii. Neskôr sa dostal do bližšieho kontaktu s hudbou vďaka kamarátom na ulici. Majk je svojím spôsobom rapper – filozof, o čom svedčí aj jeho najnovší album s názvom „Nie som tu náhodou“. Hosťoval na ňom aj legendárny Richard Muller. Cieľom Majka Spirita bolo vytvoriť najlepší album, aký tu kedy bol. Investoval doň veľa času. Pracoval na ňom 34 rokov.   Talkshow so Šarkanom počúvate vždy v nedeľu od 10:00 do 12:00 vo Fun rádiu.

Ako vznikol videoklip Richarda Müllera.Článok si môžete prečítať tu:http://miromraz.com/ako-bolo-s-mullerom-ako-sme-dali-adele-adieu/A videoklip je tu:https://youtu.be/CuGIxVeQRMgA making of je tu:https://youtu.be/1HUXvHwDCIIEnjoy! :)Prihláste sa k odberu a vypočujte si podcast „Miro Mráz a jeho svet“ aj naiTunes:https://goo.gl/5qYvuDSpotify:https://goo.gl/VpxuNryoutube:https://goo.gl/PHWm4tfacebook:https://goo.gl/vbr8cuinstagram:https://goo.gl/En1iq9

In the world of science, Physicists have a long and well-deserved reputation for being on the cutting edge of data acquisition, data analytics, and big data in general. Our guest today, Dr. Richard Muller, is a larger-than-life figure in the world of physics and beyond. Dr. Muller is a Professor of Physics Emeritus at Berkeley University, where he has had a long and successful career across particle physics, astrophysics, geophysics, and in the couple of decades - climate science. He has won multiple awards, including the prestigious MacArthur Foundation Prize. We reached out to him because of his unique and fascinating views on using data and data analytics in the climate science discussion.

News: Uranus smells like farts! A study published last Monday in Nature Astronomy outlines the findings of literally stinky gas in the clouds of Uranus. How do we know this you may ask? Basically, certain elements give off certain wavelengths of light and when we viewed Uranus, astronomers at the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii found hydrogen sulfide, which literally smells like farts. Now... coincidence?? 100% as the naming of Uranus had an entirely unrelated reason. Initially, william herschel discovered this icy body and tried to name it after King George III in 1781. However, it was German astronomer Johann Elert Bode, who helped to actually classify it as a planet. He named Uranus after an ancient Greek god of the sky. Bode argued that as Saturn was the father of Jupiter in roman mythology, or Cronos to Zeus in Greek mythology, that the new planet should be named for the father of Saturn. Making it the only planet to be named after a Greek God instead of a Roman God. Bode's colleague, Martin Klaproth, loved this name and named his newly discovered element "uranium." Unrelated really, but a fun story. THEN we found out it had methane and hydrogen sulfide Twitter Shout Out @THEromeomike tweeted “Let’s here about Binary Stars! Including Nemesis and the Companion Star Theory.” Just an aspiring manga(MONGUH) artist trying to make it in this crazy world. Original Webcomic at http://no-world-for-tomorrow-comic.tumblr.com   Topic: Binary Stars Imagine living in a world with 2 suns, maybe even 3 suns! 80% of the single points of light in space is not just one star, but potentially multiple. Out of this 80%, most of these multiple star systems are binary stars systems, or solar systems containing 2 suns or stars. Optical double stars Appear close together, but are really far apart in terms of depth Binary Stars Actually orbiting eachother For instance, there are binary stars that make up the kink in the handle of the big dipper, Mizar and Alcor. These actually were used for eyesight tests in ancient times. More on those “stars” later Binary types Visual Binary Can be seen as two separate stars using a telescope These pairs are usually relatively close to us so that the individual stars can be pointed out. Alpha Centauri A & B Spectroscopic Binaries They orbit so close, that we can’t view them as separate with our eyes. How do we know they are binary? We can view the wavelengths of light coming from each star. One of them will emit blue shifted light and the other will emit redshifted light. Eclipsing Binaries When we collect the total light received from the star system, one sun will give us a constant line, but when the large star passes in front of a smaller star in orbit, the light we receive diminishes, thus giving proof of 2 orbiting stars. From these graphs we can tell how bigs the star is, how massive, how hot, and how far. Contact Binaries Stars and so close, they touch. They become linked and the smaller star could actually steal mass from the larger star.   CONSPIRACY! Our sun has a companion named Nemesis! First I want to say that some explanations are ludacris and some and really quite researched. Just because there are many different views on this topic, it can still be true. For instance, we hear again the famous flat earth line “NASA is  lying to us” so often in these reports and that thousands of people have claimed to have photos of two suns in the sky!!! If you look it up, you’ll find about as much information on this as you will the giant ice wall surrounding our flat earth. That being said, Nemesis still holds as a theory, why? MASS EXTINCTIONS!!! Ordovician Era ended 444 million years ago, intense ice age suspected that wiped out 86% of species on our planet, mostly sea dwellers Late Devonian Era, 375 million years ago, 75% species lost including the trilobite. They survived the first one, but not the second. It is suspected that new plants had emerged, allowing their deep roots to release nutrients into the ocean. Nutrients that turned in oxygen-sucking blooms, that eventually sffocated the trilobites Permian Era ended 251 million years ago: “The Great Dying” 96% nearly ended life on Earth. WHY? A volcanic eruption near Siberia filled the atmosphere with CO2, thus producing the greenhouse gas Methane. Earth warmed up and its oceans emitted poisonous hydrogen sulfide, killing almost all coral reefs on Earth called Tabulate Coral Triassic 200 million years ago 80% with no clear cause Cretaceous 66 million years ago 76% this one was caused by the meteor that killed the dinosaurs as well.   Tartigrade HYPE HYPE   These along with smaller mass extinctions seem to occur every 27 million years, so… in 1984 Richard Muller put forth a theory that a small, red dwarf star about 1.5 light years away could be the reason for these extinctions. Later speculations came out saying it could be a brown or white dwarf, comparable to the size of Jupiter, but very faint and hard to see. How you may ask? Well on the very outer edge of our solar system is the Oort Cloud, a spherical shell of icy bodies in a slow orbit around our sun. Now if Nemesis, our so called companion star, had an orbit of 27 million years, it could affect these bodies in the Oort cloud and send one hurtling our way, thus increasing the rate of impact as well as mass extinctions. But there is SO much speculation, especially noticing that only one of the major mass extinctions included an impact.   To give you an idea though of how reputable this theory is. The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) couldn’t find any evidence of Nemesis in the 1980s The 2MASS astronomical survey, running from 1997 to 2001, failed to detect it And the WISE survey (Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer) which can spot brown dwarfs from 10 light years out, still has yet to find it! My guess is Planet 9. Mike Brown. Konstantine Batygin. Kuiper Belt Movement. Ice Giant.

Military historian, DR RICHARD MULLER takes us on a tour of MONTGOMERY past and present.  Famous residents include JEFFERSON DAVIS, first President of the Confederacy during the Civil War, ROSA PARKS whose refusal to give up her seat triggered the Montgomery Bus Boycott, and MARTIN LUTHER KING, who led the Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March.  Just down the road from the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church where Martin Luther King preached was Chris' Hot Dogs, where fellow diners included ELVIS PRESLEY, and local resident, country music legend HANK WILLIAMS. Montgomery also occupies an important place in the history of aviation.  It was at nearby Maxwell Air Force Base that the WRIGHT BROTHERS established their flying school in 1910, and that the concept of strategic bombing was developed during the 1930s.  PRODUCTION | ChromeRadio in partnership with the SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES (SAASS), Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, Alabama | Producer - Catriona Oliphant | Post-production - Chris Sharp.

A simple question from his wife – Does physics really allow people to travel back in time? – propelled physicist Richard Muller on a quest to resolve a fundamental problem that had puzzled him throughout his 45-year career: Why does the arrow of time flow inexorably toward the future, constantly creating new "nows"? Series: "UC Berkeley News" [Science] [Show ID: 31548]

A simple question from his wife – Does physics really allow people to travel back in time? – propelled physicist Richard Muller on a quest to resolve a fundamental problem that had puzzled him throughout his 45-year career: Why does the arrow of time flow inexorably toward the future, constantly creating new "nows"? Series: "UC Berkeley News" [Science] [Show ID: 31548]

A simple question from his wife – Does physics really allow people to travel back in time? – propelled physicist Richard Muller on a quest to resolve a fundamental problem that had puzzled him throughout his 45-year career: Why does the arrow of time flow inexorably toward the future, constantly creating new "nows"? Series: "UC Berkeley News" [Science] [Show ID: 31548]

A simple question from his wife – Does physics really allow people to travel back in time? – propelled physicist Richard Muller on a quest to resolve a fundamental problem that had puzzled him throughout his 45-year career: Why does the arrow of time flow inexorably toward the future, constantly creating new "nows"? Series: "UC Berkeley News" [Science] [Show ID: 31548]

Could it be that time is expanding because space is expanding? That’s a new theory of University of California, Berkeley physicist Richard Muller. And there’s actually a way to test this hypothesis using LIGO, the world’s largest gravitational wave observatory. LIGO recently saw two black holes, 30 times the mass of the sun, coming together in a collapsing event and making one huge, big black hole. This, Muller explains, makes gravitational waves and we can see these waves coming. "When this happens, you are locally creating millions of square miles of new space. And so if you’re creating new space, you’re creating new time and I calculated how much this was and it turns out to be a thousandth of a second." So if Muller and his collaborators at CalTech are right, when two black holes merge and create new space, they should also create new time and that would delay the gravitational wave signal that LIGO observes from Earth. "I’m looking forward to getting a phone call from them saying, either Gee, Rich, your theory is wrong, sorry. Or congratulations, you’ve just explained the flow of time.”

There’s nothing like a trip back home to visit family and friends – or attending a college reunion - to make you ponder the passage of time. And as we reported this past week on Science Today, University of California, Berkeley physicist Richard Muller has proposed a new theory about the flow of time. "My theory postulates that space and time are so tightly linked in general relativity, that if you create more space, you’re creating more time. If the expansion of the universe, starting with the Big Bang and now coasting ahead is constantly creating more space, it must also be creating new time." Muller theorizes that that space between the galaxies and the newly created time is what we call ‘now’. Muller is collaborating with CalTech on this and has proposed using LIGO, an experiment that detects gravitational waves created by merging black holes, to test the theory. So we’ll stay tuned on that one. And on the subject of space, we also spoke to radiobiologist Matt Coleman of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory about his work developing a medical device that provides a comprehensive in-flight medical diagnostic system. This will help NASA in their push to better understand the long-tern effects of space travel. "This tool we’re building, you know we think it’s going to have a huge health benefit, but it’s going to have a huge research benefit … and so getting this up into space and even on the International Space Station, it will have a huge benefit, just in the research that we can do." And a new curriculum for medical students at the University of California, San Francisco will help with better treatment for patients here on terra firma. Dr. Anna Chang, who helped develop Bridges, says one aspect is to help doctors better communicate with their patients – including translating medical language commonly used into something patients, families and other care providers can comprehend. "So, starting with day one, we are asking our students to practice what the world looks like from their patients’ perspectives." These are just some of the University of California stories we covered this past week. Listen to these and other Science Today episodes on iTunes or Soundcloud. Thanks for listening - until next time, I’m Larissa Branin. Subscribe to Science Today: iTunes: apple.co/1TQBewD Stitcher: www.stitcher.com/podcast/science-today Follow us on Facebook: www.facebook.com/ucsciencetoday Stories mentioned in this roundup: https://soundcloud.com/sciencetoday/flow_time https://soundcloud.com/sciencetoday/space_travel https://soundcloud.com/sciencetoday/doctor_patient

The flow of time has been pondered by the likes of Aristotle, Augustine and Einstein. Now, physicist Richard Muller, a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, has proposed a new theory. "My theory postulates that space and time are so tightly linked in general relativity that if create more space, you’re creating more time. If the expansion of time, starting with the Big Bang and now coasting ahead is constantly creating more space, it must also be creating new time and the newly creating space is the space between the galaxies and the newly created time is what we call ‘now’." Muller’s theory of the flow of time led to a collaboration with Caltech that explains the theory in more detail – using mathematics – and proposes a way to test it using LIGO, an experiment that detects gravitational waves created by merging black holes. Stay tuned!

RCL Year B, Proper 13 The other day I was driving the kids to their summer day camp, with the morning radio on. A talk show began on the topic of climate change and global warming, with an interview of Richard Muller, a UC Berkeley professor of physics who has recently come around to the […]

Dr. Richard Muller talks about Reformed theology.

Richard Muller, Professor of Physics, UC Berkeley In conversation with Greg Dalton, Found of Climate One, moderator Physicist Richard Muller challenges scientific data used in deductions about global warming, and comes to his own conclusions on a variety of energy issues. This program was recorded in front of a live audience at The Commonwealth Club of California in San Francisco on June 21, 2012

The Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature study is doing a new analysis of the surface temperature record in a rigorous manner that addresses the criticism of previous analysis done by other groups.TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next Speaker 2: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum the science and technology show on k a l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute [00:00:30] program, bringing you interviews, featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 3: Good afternoon. My name is Brad Swift. I'm the host of today's show. Today's interview is with Elizabeth Mueller, Co founder and executive director of Berkeley Earth surface temperature. The Berkeley Earth surface temperature project is redoing the analysis of the earth surface temperature record in a rigorous manner that addresses the criticisms of previous analysis. [00:01:00] All their work to date is available free at their website, Berkeley earth.org I want to briefly explain two terms that are used in the interview. Creaking is the Geo statistic method devised by Daniel Craig, a mining engineer in 19:51 AM o is the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. The Oscillation is principally the change of sea surface temperature over time in the North Atlantic Ocean. Onto [00:01:30] the interview. Welcome Elizabeth Mueller to spectrum. Thank you. How did Berkeley Earth come into being? Is that how you'd like to refer to it as at Berkeley? Yes, that's right. I did Berkeley Earth come into being. Speaker 4: Um, rich and I had been working together for a couple of years and we kept being asked about climate issues which had been involved in climate for a long time. He taught his class physics for future presidents and what she goes into global warming and he and I were working together doing consulting on energy and environment issues, but people kept asking [00:02:00] about global warming and we had been uncomfortable with some of the elements of of global warming for some time. There was the station quality issue which had been raised by Anthony Watts, which both of us uncomfortable but we weren't quite sure what to do about it. There were other issues as well. There was the data selection issue. Why did the major groups only use 20% of the data 10% in recent years, but it was also in part the climate gates scandal that really [00:02:30] made us think somebody else needs to come in and have a fresh look at this. We really wanted to be able to lower the barriers to entry. The data was inaccessible, people couldn't get it. It was impossible for any group to come in and easily do an analysis of global warming and this is such an important area of policy work, of economics, of so many elements of the world today that we felt everybody should be able to go in and look at the data themselves, look at the analysis [00:03:00] and really understand what the issues were. So that's why we decided to create the Berkeley Earth project and do exactly that. Speaker 3: For our audience sake, we should identify rich. Speaker 4: Yes. Richard Muller is a long time physicist. He's a MacArthur winner. He's been involved in climate issues for a long time. He wrote a technical book on Ice Ages and astronomical causes. He's been teaching physics for future presidents here at Berkeley for I think about 10 years now. He also wrote the textbook and a popular book called Physics [00:03:30] for future presidents. He's also my dad. He and I started working together about, I guess about four years ago now, and I had been doing consulting mostly in Europe and kept getting asked about energy issues and so I wanted to bring him in to my consulting firm, but instead the two of us ended up creating a business together, which has been great fun. His, he's a lot of fun to work with. Speaker 3: Besides wanting to clarify things or level of playing field, if you will, [00:04:00] and make it more accessible, was there a sense that you were the right group to do it? Speaker 4: Well, we weren't a group. We didn't exist as a group at the time and so it was a question of pulling together the right people from the right backgrounds to create a right group. We did think that we wanted a fresh perspective so that it wasn't necessarily a problem that we were new to this specific area of work. Many of our people had had deep experience with climate change in the past, but we also wanted to combine physics and [00:04:30] statistics. Modern statistics. Bringing in David Berliner early on was an important choice that we wanted to take a fresh look at the problem using modern statistics, which we believed would allow us to use much more of the data than the previous groups had been able to do. Speaker 3: Would you describe the research and planning that you did to form the group and get things started? Sure. Speaker 4: We needed a nonprofit. We discovered pretty quickly that in order to do a study like this and raise funding, we needed to be [00:05:00] a nonprofit. We didn't have a nonprofit and nonprofits take quite some time to create and we weren't quite sure what we were going to do about that. When rich had a call from Michael Ditmore in Santa Barbara with a group called Novem and Michael did more wanted rich to lead a study on geoengineering, and rich said, well, you know, I'm not really that interested in doing a study on geoengineering, but if you really want to do a study that's going to have big impact and be very important, you should consider helping us with a study on global warming. [00:05:30] And a Michael said, hmm, that sounds interesting. Tell me more. So we started talking to him and it seemed like an ideal group for us to work with and so Novem came on to house the Berkeley Earth efforts. Speaker 4: We also started looking into what the other groups had done. We wanted to look at why they hadn't used more than 20% of the data. What were the issues surrounding the station quality issue raised by Anthony Watts? What were the concerns around the urban heat island [00:06:00] that many people had been talking about? This is where people had been saying, yes, there's global warming, but cities, everyone knows cities are warmer than rural areas and the world is getting more urban. So is it possible that the world is getting warmer not because of carbon dioxide, but because it's getting more urbanized? This is something that we wanted to look at as well. We tried to look very carefully at what some of the other groups had done and we discovered that many of the adjustments that they had made to [00:06:30] the data they had done manually and they hadn't really kept very careful track of what exactly they had done. Speaker 4: So even they couldn't go back and duplicate it and this was a concern as well, we we, this is such an important topic. You want to be able to Redo it and make sure you get the same results every time you do. And so that was another thing we looked at carefully trying to pick the brain of the people who had been dealing with the data. Was that extremely helpful and crucial to the project? It was helpful. I mean it was very useful to speak [00:07:00] to them, to meet with them to try and understand what they were doing. But at the same time we knew from pretty early on that we wanted to do something totally different. So we weren't trying to duplicate what they had done. We wanted to take a totally new approach, something that had never been done before use all of the data are pretty close to all of the data and we had to develop a modern statistical technique in order to do this and that was done by Robert Roddy, our lead scientist in conjunction with David Brillinger, a professor of statistics [00:07:30] here at Berkeley and what that meant was that we weren't adding on to the previous research. Speaker 4: We were really starting it totally new from a totally different approach. We didn't know what we were going to find. We didn't know if we were going to find that there was more global warming or if we're going to find that there was less global warming. We only knew or we thought, we knew that we weren't going to find the same results as everybody had found before us, which is why it was such a surprise in the end that even using a totally different technique, we ended up [00:08:00] with results that were so close to what the previous groups had found. I think that's a really strong statement in terms of what they are and what they mean is that even though you're using completely different approaches, you get results that are so, so similar. I think that really strengthens our confidence in the work that we did. Speaker 4: Talk a little bit about the gathering of the team. We wanted people on the team who were comfortable looking through huge quantities of data and had actually in the past made [00:08:30] discoveries by doing so, so it wasn't enough that they were able to pick apart other people's work. We wanted people who were able to dive in, get their hands dirty, and yet make an unexpected and surprising discovery and some of the people we chose, Jonathan wordly, Bob Jacobson had done this before, but also saw promoter who had done this and is working in cosmology and won the Nobel Prize this past year. So those were the people we wanted. People who had experience doing exactly that. Speaker 5: [00:09:00] You're listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. Today's guest is Elizabeth Mueller, Co founder and executive director of Berkeley legal earth's surface. Speaker 3: That is really one of the big challenges of all this is the data set size. Speaker 4: It is, it's huge. It's huge. And merging that from the different sources [00:09:30] was really one of the biggest challenges we had to face. I should say Robert had to face, he was the one who really did most of the work, but he had 15 different data sources and almost as many different formats, all kinds of mess that really had to be sorted through. And that in many ways was one of the biggest challenges of the project was just getting through that. And we figured if we did nothing else but sifting through this data and putting together a clean data set, that would already be a huge contribution. Speaker 3: [00:10:00] So given that task, what other sort of methodology had you tried to impose on this data? [inaudible] Speaker 4: well, the other important elements, there's collecting the data, cleaning the data, um, merging the data. But the other part was of course analyzing the data. Um, and the other groups had only been able to use 20% of the data because they had a constraint. They needed to have long continuous records. Well Robert Roady, I'm together with David Berliner developed a new technique [00:10:30] based on creaking in which they're able to, to analyze all of the data, are virtually all of the data and the result was that we were able to use so much more and yet get very good, very carefully calculated error estimates and go much farther back in time than the previous groups had been able to. Speaker 3: And were you satisfied with the data sets that were available or did you look for other data sets? Speaker 4: Robert looked for everything. He really wanted to find all of the data that was out there and he, [00:11:00] he did a very complete job I believe in doing so. Speaker 3: Is that an ongoing process for him or the ongoing process? Speaker 4: The process is going to be updating it. We have now the 15 databases that this comes from and they are going to be updated on a regular basis since we want to be able to update our database on a regular basis and have it all automated so that that will just happen every few months or however often we decided Speaker 3: it needs to be. And so are these data sets pretty broadly accepted as the best available? Yes they are. And the source of them is government, [00:11:30] weather stations, Speaker 4: government, weather station. There's a lot of volunteer weather stations. There's a complete list of the 15 sources, many of which come through Noah Speaker 3: and I guess no is consolidating a lot of data sets from around the world. Speaker 4: Uh, yes. If you look at the data set, it really is around w from all around the world. Um, in the modern day. If you go back in time, it becomes less global. If you look at our earliest measurements, you may see data really only in the u s and Europe, [00:12:00] few places in India, but by the 19 hundreds you're really getting fairly good coverage of the globe accepting Antarctica, which doesn't really come into play until the 1950s Speaker 3: were there any other big challenges Speaker 4: under the cleaning of the data and developing the analysis framework? Where were really the biggest challenges? There were a couple of surprises though. The things that we didn't expect. One of the things that we discovered once we had access to the data, we were able to start playing with and looking [00:12:30] for other things that maybe people hadn't noticed before. One of the biggest surprises was the discovery that the oscillations in the data, which everybody had previously said, oh, those are El Nino are everybody's data goes up and down together and, and that's El Nino. We only looked at it very carefully. We discovered that, yes, it is highly correlated to to El Nino, but in fact it's even more correlated to the Gulf stream and that was a big surprise. We didn't expect that, but because we had access to the data, it [00:13:00] enabled us to look at these sorts of things and we're really very hopeful that now that the world has access to the data, there'll be many other important discoveries of the sort. Speaker 3: I know that you're doing land surface first, then ocean surface. Is that a natural two phase project? Are there more phases? Is there more? Speaker 4: Well, we wanted to start with the land because in large part that's where much of the controversy was, so we figured we wanted to start with a bite sized piece though. [00:13:30] Actually I think it was a much bigger bite than we thought it would be. But by analyzing the land, it looks at the issue of the temperature stations, the station quality issue. Anthony wants the urban heat island effect and this data selection issue was their data selection bias because they only used previous groups that only use 20% of the data. The oceans are going to be interesting in the next phase because of some of the discoveries we've made such as the Gulf stream. So we're really looking forward now to doing that [00:14:00] as a next phase of work because we want to look at this in more detail and see what we can find in terms of the relationship between the Gulf stream and temperature. Speaker 4: The Gulf stream, we found a 60 year cycle in the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, which for the past 30 years has been going up. So the temperature has been going up and the temperature of the world has been going out temperature of both the Amo and and of the land surface temperature, which was unexpected. But it also [00:14:30] shows that the 60 year cycles is at a peak right now and it's going to start going down. The temperature is going to start going down. What is the impact of this going to be on global warming? Uh, is it possible that we haven't seen any global warming in the past 13 years in part because of this amo cycle and what's going to happen as the amo cycle starts, starts going down? We don't know it will, but we think it's a fascinating issue to look at. That fits in very naturally with our study of the oceans [00:15:00] and as the ocean data set, as extensive as the land, it's very different. Speaker 4: So instead of looking at a single locations, you're looking at mainly boats, so they're moving, there's different problems, different issues, but we think now that we have our framework developed, it shouldn't be as difficult as initially looking at the land was, but the analysis framework does have to change somewhat to accommodate for it. It does have to change some different collection process. Nothing's really out there. Stationary, taking [00:15:30] a reading every they are now in modern times they're boys and there's some fixed locations, but as you get back in time, as you go back in time, more and more of it come from boats. Your methodology for analyzing the data has less reliance on that longevity of sample. That's right. Our statistical techniques mean that we can work with fragments, we can work with little pieces, which has also been an advantage for dealing with some of these issues of station changes. Speaker 4: So you might have a station [00:16:00] that that goes along and it's reading a certain temperature within a certain range, um, fairly regularly for a number of years. And then all of a sudden the pattern is similar, but it's three degrees warmer than it was before. And you say, well, what's that? Um, what happened here? And previous groups would take them to say, okay, well this is probably a station move and this probably not exactly the same location as it was before. Something happened here. Maybe the time of day changed the time of the day that they were taking the, the, the readings. And so they corrected it and then they manually move [00:16:30] those, either they moved one down or they moved the other one up so that it would be a long continuous record. Well, with our statistical technique, we just cut it in into, and we say, okay, well we'll just assume that these are two different locations, two different records and handle it as such. And that means that we don't have to worry about adjusting the data. We just cut it and makes it much more easy to duplicate. And, um, that there's no manual adjustments that analyze why you that's right. And adjustment. [00:17:00] That's right. Speaker 5: [inaudible]Speaker 4: tune to k a l s Speaker 5: Berkeley. The show is spectrum. Our guest is Elizabeth Moore, Co founder and executive director of the [inaudible] surface temperature project. Speaker 4: In the peer review process that you've now entered into, yes. Is there a process for integrating the feedback or at least analyzing [00:17:30] what people are saying to you or is it too soon now? We've been getting a lot of feedback so we have the official feedback that comes through the official peer review journals and we've been working with the reviewers and the editors to incorporate that feedback. Um, we discuss it as a group. We had one of the lead authors go through it in bring any issues to the crew, talk about any additional analysis that's required and go in and actually make some of the changes to the papers. But perhaps even more interestingly is the [00:18:00] feedback that we've gotten from the peer review process outside of the official journals. Because we've posted our papers online. We've been contacted by a number of scientists from around the world who have gone through our papers in extraordinary detail and looked at some of the things, raised some important questions, um, raised some issues, some concerns and that's been extremely helpful. I think our papers will be better in the end because of the peer review that we've gotten through the open process, the global [00:18:30] process of putting our papers online. Speaker 3: In terms of longevity of the, the project and the data set, how long do you envision staying with the project? Is there a point at which you just, you're, you're done? Speaker 4: Well I think we're not sure. I think we would love to stay involved. I think there's a need to keep updating the data data set take to keep it live. We would love to do that. I think can we, we have somebody in charge of maintaining the data center, [00:19:00] but we're not a long term project for now. We're based on, on fundraising. We fundraise for the first 18 months for now looking to fundraise for the next 18 months. So we have not yet been able to establish that type of permanent longevity that would be necessary to keep doing this on an ongoing basis. But it's certainly something that we're thinking about. Speaker 3: I went to your website and was looking around and went into the a frequently asked questions and it noted [00:19:30] that none of the scientists involved has taken a public political stand on global warming. And I wondered if that was still the case or if as a result of your first release of data that there was a revision of that or not. Speaker 4: I think that's still true. And our scientists believe that the statement which you might be referring to saying that global warming is real, is now a scientific statement there. There is the data to support that. There's the evidence to support that. There's error bars, uh, to support that. So when we need to make a statement like that, we believe [00:20:00] that it's a scientific statement, not a political statement. We haven't looked into other issues such as how much of it is human caused. And so we haven't taken, I would call political statements on those sorts of issues. We don't want to get into the politics because it muddies the science and we want people to be able to look at our numbers to look at our analysis and say, okay, we know that this is 100% pure scientific analysis, but on the other hand there is a need for [00:20:30] scientific evaluation of policy to see which policies that are on the table would actually make sense according to science, which ones would actually not really help very much. Speaker 4: We don't know how much of this we might get involved and we haven't done any of it so far. It might be a question of only saying is as much as we feel can be stated, that's really grounded in the science. So as far as the group trying to get drawn into choosing a prescription [00:21:00] for affecting or impacting global warming, that's not really something the group is interested in at all, right? I don't, I don't think so. I mean there's certain elements that it does keep coming up as an issue and there are a lot of people asking us to to get more involved in this, but we really want to make sure that anything we did say would be very grounded in the science. There might be some limited statements we could make that would be grounded in the science, but we haven't taken a decision on on that yet. Speaker 5: [00:21:30] You were listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. We're speaking with Elizabeth Miller, Co founder and executive director of the Berkeley Earth surface temperature project. Speaker 4: And from your experience and personal opinion, is there a prescription that you feel is the best available? Well, I think we need a lot of different things. We need energy efficiency. There's a lot that can be done for low cost, no cost even making [00:22:00] money by increasing our energy efficiency. But we also need other things like low cost, solar, low cost, wind, nuclear. There are many things that are all helpful, but it needs to be something that can be affordable, that can be adopted and the developing world, China, India, the rest of the developing world, it needs to be cheap and unless it's cheap enough for them to be able to afford, it's not going to happen there. There are other priorities, so so China, their emissions are growing so fast that anything we do [00:22:30] has live in an impact and less we can set an example that is able to be followed by China. Speaker 4: That means it needs to be cheap if it needs to ideally be profitable so that people in China and India and the rest of the developing world can afford to do the same thing. Unfortunately, I don't see this being addressed in the international debate right now at the UN and it's really an important problem that I wish had more visibility. Is [00:23:00] there anything about the group that I haven't asked you that you'd, you'd want to bring up? Well, everything that I've mentioned today is available on our website, so it's Berkeley earth.org we have all of our papers there. We have our data set and both text format. And in Matlab we have our programs. We also have a lovely video. I don't know if you've seen the video. It shows a map of the world that is getting warmer and colder and you see weather going across the, the different regions [00:23:30] of the world. Speaker 4: And it takes us from 18 hundreds through to the present. So data visualization. Absolutely. Is that something that you've embraced it? It is. It is. And we've actually gotten some requests from some museums who have big globes. I guess they have one up at the Lawrence Hall of science and, and wanting to project our global warming movie onto such a globe, which I think would be a fascinating way of looking at it. There's a couple of other, um, interesting images [00:24:00] on our, on our website. For example, if you look at the u s many people are surprised to learn that out. One third of locations in the U s have cooled. They haven't warmed two-thirds have warmed. But what it means is if you look up your hometown and you might say, Oh, I've never felt any global warming. Well, that's probably true. You probably haven't felt any global warming because the amount of global warming that we've seen is so small that it's absolutely overwhelmed by local weather phenomenon and there's one [00:24:30] third chance that you've been living in a, in a location that's actually seen cooling over the past 50 years. Speaker 3: Yeah. The personal relationship with global warming seems to be where a lot of people stumble and feel that it should be something visceral in their daily lives for it to be real and don't take the intellectual leap to regard the data on a worldwide basis because that's really sort of what your group has tried to do. Speaker 4: Yeah, that's absolutely right. One of the difficulties with global warming is that there's been less than one degree global [00:25:00] warming in the past 50 years. This is not something that you are going to be able to feel. You might think you have. You might say, Oh yes, if weather feel so different today than it did 10 years ago, that must be global warming. And people do that all the time. They say, oh, it's cold today, global warming, or it's warm today, global warming. But the truth is you can't detect it to be, you need hundreds, preferably thousands of records of locations from around the world in order to detect global warming. It's not something that you're going to go out and [00:25:30] feel on your own. Speaker 3: Do you know of any organizations that have embraced your data and are, are going off in some area of research that validates what you started this project to achieve? Speaker 4: Um, there are many organizations who have expressed interest in using our data. I think it's still fresh out there, so we're not quite sure who's going to be adopting it on a permanent basis. But we've gotten a lot of feedback. We've gotten a lot of emails, we've got a lot of people saying thank you for this. I've really been interested in getting into the stat and I was never [00:26:00] able to do it before. So I suspect that as time goes on and as our papers start to be published, there'll be more and more people using our data. Speaker 3: Elizabeth Miller, thanks very much for being on spectrum. Well, thank you. It's been my pleasure. It's been enjoyed being here. Speaker 6: [inaudible]Speaker 3: Rick Karnofsky joins me for the calendar and the news. Okay. Speaker 6: Oh, Speaker 7: the mycological society of San Francisco will present flavorful [00:26:30] foul and Far-flung guy on Tuesday the 21st at 7:00 PM in San Francisco's Randall Museum, one 99 museum way. Daniel Winkler, the author of a field guy to edible mushrooms of the will share his experiences collecting and eating wild mushrooms and in his travel agency mushrooming LLC that annually organizes and leads echo tours to Tibet and South America. For more info on this free event, visit www dot m s s f. Dot. [00:27:00] O. R. G. Speaker 3: The science had cow lecture for February. We'll be on Saturday, February 18th at 11:00 AM in Stanley Hall. Room One oh five the talk will be given by Professor Buford price and is entitled single celled microbes in polar ice, a proxy for evolution over 100 million generations. The presence of Pico Sino bacteria in ice at all. Depths in both Greenland and Antarctica provides an opportunity to study [00:27:30] microbial evolution over about 100 million generations. Professor Price, we'll discuss how this vast study is now possible. Speaker 7: Physicist Michio Kaku will appear at the first Congregational Church of Berkeley at two three four five Channing way on Thursday the 23rd from seven 30 to 9:30 PM advanced tickets are $12 or get in at the door for $15 Sunni professor Kaku who cofounded string field theory on popularity's his physics [00:28:00] on his science channel show and on two radio programs. He recently released physics of the future, which gives a vision of the coming century based on interviews with over 300 scientists that discuss cutting edge medicine, computers, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, energy production, and astronautics. Visit kpfa.org for more information. Behavioral neuroscientist, Karen Ersh of the University of Cambridge and her colleagues have an article in the February 3rd [00:28:30] issue of science that studies the genetics of addiction. The team tested 50 pairs of siblings. One in each pair was addicted to cocaine or amphetamines while the other had no history of drug abuse. Participants pressed a left or right Arrow key when seeing a similar arrow on a computer screen unless they heard a tone in which case they were to do nothing. People with poor self control including most drug addicts find it difficult to refrain from pressing the key. Surprisingly, the siblings who are not addicted to drugs perform just as badly as their siblings who were [00:29:00] indeed brain scan showed the pairs had very similar brain irregularities in commentary on the article imaging specialist Nora Volkow of the National Institute of Drug Abuse in Bethesda. Notes that even in children as young as four to 12 traits such as self control and flexibility can be improved by targeted interventions including exercise, train, martial arts, Yoga and computer games designed to enhance working memory. Speaker 5: [inaudible] occurred during the show was by list [00:29:30] on a David from his album folk and acoustic made available under creative Commons license 3.0 attribution. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have Speaker 1: comments about the show, please send them to us via email. Our email address is spectrum dot k a l x@yahoo.com join us in two weeks at this same time. Speaker 2: I like that one. [inaudible]. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature study is doing a new analysis of the surface temperature record in a rigorous manner that addresses the criticism of previous analysis done by other groups.TranscriptSpeaker 1: Spectrum's next Speaker 2: [inaudible].Speaker 1: Welcome to spectrum the science and technology show on k a l x Berkeley, a biweekly 30 minute [00:00:30] program, bringing you interviews, featuring bay area scientists and technologists as well as a calendar of local events and news. Speaker 3: Good afternoon. My name is Brad Swift. I'm the host of today's show. Today's interview is with Elizabeth Mueller, Co founder and executive director of Berkeley Earth surface temperature. The Berkeley Earth surface temperature project is redoing the analysis of the earth surface temperature record in a rigorous manner that addresses the criticisms of previous analysis. [00:01:00] All their work to date is available free at their website, Berkeley earth.org I want to briefly explain two terms that are used in the interview. Creaking is the Geo statistic method devised by Daniel Craig, a mining engineer in 19:51 AM o is the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. The Oscillation is principally the change of sea surface temperature over time in the North Atlantic Ocean. Onto [00:01:30] the interview. Welcome Elizabeth Mueller to spectrum. Thank you. How did Berkeley Earth come into being? Is that how you'd like to refer to it as at Berkeley? Yes, that's right. I did Berkeley Earth come into being. Speaker 4: Um, rich and I had been working together for a couple of years and we kept being asked about climate issues which had been involved in climate for a long time. He taught his class physics for future presidents and what she goes into global warming and he and I were working together doing consulting on energy and environment issues, but people kept asking [00:02:00] about global warming and we had been uncomfortable with some of the elements of of global warming for some time. There was the station quality issue which had been raised by Anthony Watts, which both of us uncomfortable but we weren't quite sure what to do about it. There were other issues as well. There was the data selection issue. Why did the major groups only use 20% of the data 10% in recent years, but it was also in part the climate gates scandal that really [00:02:30] made us think somebody else needs to come in and have a fresh look at this. We really wanted to be able to lower the barriers to entry. The data was inaccessible, people couldn't get it. It was impossible for any group to come in and easily do an analysis of global warming and this is such an important area of policy work, of economics, of so many elements of the world today that we felt everybody should be able to go in and look at the data themselves, look at the analysis [00:03:00] and really understand what the issues were. So that's why we decided to create the Berkeley Earth project and do exactly that. Speaker 3: For our audience sake, we should identify rich. Speaker 4: Yes. Richard Muller is a long time physicist. He's a MacArthur winner. He's been involved in climate issues for a long time. He wrote a technical book on Ice Ages and astronomical causes. He's been teaching physics for future presidents here at Berkeley for I think about 10 years now. He also wrote the textbook and a popular book called Physics [00:03:30] for future presidents. He's also my dad. He and I started working together about, I guess about four years ago now, and I had been doing consulting mostly in Europe and kept getting asked about energy issues and so I wanted to bring him in to my consulting firm, but instead the two of us ended up creating a business together, which has been great fun. His, he's a lot of fun to work with. Speaker 3: Besides wanting to clarify things or level of playing field, if you will, [00:04:00] and make it more accessible, was there a sense that you were the right group to do it? Speaker 4: Well, we weren't a group. We didn't exist as a group at the time and so it was a question of pulling together the right people from the right backgrounds to create a right group. We did think that we wanted a fresh perspective so that it wasn't necessarily a problem that we were new to this specific area of work. Many of our people had had deep experience with climate change in the past, but we also wanted to combine physics and [00:04:30] statistics. Modern statistics. Bringing in David Berliner early on was an important choice that we wanted to take a fresh look at the problem using modern statistics, which we believed would allow us to use much more of the data than the previous groups had been able to do. Speaker 3: Would you describe the research and planning that you did to form the group and get things started? Sure. Speaker 4: We needed a nonprofit. We discovered pretty quickly that in order to do a study like this and raise funding, we needed to be [00:05:00] a nonprofit. We didn't have a nonprofit and nonprofits take quite some time to create and we weren't quite sure what we were going to do about that. When rich had a call from Michael Ditmore in Santa Barbara with a group called Novem and Michael did more wanted rich to lead a study on geoengineering, and rich said, well, you know, I'm not really that interested in doing a study on geoengineering, but if you really want to do a study that's going to have big impact and be very important, you should consider helping us with a study on global warming. [00:05:30] And a Michael said, hmm, that sounds interesting. Tell me more. So we started talking to him and it seemed like an ideal group for us to work with and so Novem came on to house the Berkeley Earth efforts. Speaker 4: We also started looking into what the other groups had done. We wanted to look at why they hadn't used more than 20% of the data. What were the issues surrounding the station quality issue raised by Anthony Watts? What were the concerns around the urban heat island [00:06:00] that many people had been talking about? This is where people had been saying, yes, there's global warming, but cities, everyone knows cities are warmer than rural areas and the world is getting more urban. So is it possible that the world is getting warmer not because of carbon dioxide, but because it's getting more urbanized? This is something that we wanted to look at as well. We tried to look very carefully at what some of the other groups had done and we discovered that many of the adjustments that they had made to [00:06:30] the data they had done manually and they hadn't really kept very careful track of what exactly they had done. Speaker 4: So even they couldn't go back and duplicate it and this was a concern as well, we we, this is such an important topic. You want to be able to Redo it and make sure you get the same results every time you do. And so that was another thing we looked at carefully trying to pick the brain of the people who had been dealing with the data. Was that extremely helpful and crucial to the project? It was helpful. I mean it was very useful to speak [00:07:00] to them, to meet with them to try and understand what they were doing. But at the same time we knew from pretty early on that we wanted to do something totally different. So we weren't trying to duplicate what they had done. We wanted to take a totally new approach, something that had never been done before use all of the data are pretty close to all of the data and we had to develop a modern statistical technique in order to do this and that was done by Robert Roddy, our lead scientist in conjunction with David Brillinger, a professor of statistics [00:07:30] here at Berkeley and what that meant was that we weren't adding on to the previous research. Speaker 4: We were really starting it totally new from a totally different approach. We didn't know what we were going to find. We didn't know if we were going to find that there was more global warming or if we're going to find that there was less global warming. We only knew or we thought, we knew that we weren't going to find the same results as everybody had found before us, which is why it was such a surprise in the end that even using a totally different technique, we ended up [00:08:00] with results that were so close to what the previous groups had found. I think that's a really strong statement in terms of what they are and what they mean is that even though you're using completely different approaches, you get results that are so, so similar. I think that really strengthens our confidence in the work that we did. Speaker 4: Talk a little bit about the gathering of the team. We wanted people on the team who were comfortable looking through huge quantities of data and had actually in the past made [00:08:30] discoveries by doing so, so it wasn't enough that they were able to pick apart other people's work. We wanted people who were able to dive in, get their hands dirty, and yet make an unexpected and surprising discovery and some of the people we chose, Jonathan wordly, Bob Jacobson had done this before, but also saw promoter who had done this and is working in cosmology and won the Nobel Prize this past year. So those were the people we wanted. People who had experience doing exactly that. Speaker 5: [00:09:00] You're listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. Today's guest is Elizabeth Mueller, Co founder and executive director of Berkeley legal earth's surface. Speaker 3: That is really one of the big challenges of all this is the data set size. Speaker 4: It is, it's huge. It's huge. And merging that from the different sources [00:09:30] was really one of the biggest challenges we had to face. I should say Robert had to face, he was the one who really did most of the work, but he had 15 different data sources and almost as many different formats, all kinds of mess that really had to be sorted through. And that in many ways was one of the biggest challenges of the project was just getting through that. And we figured if we did nothing else but sifting through this data and putting together a clean data set, that would already be a huge contribution. Speaker 3: [00:10:00] So given that task, what other sort of methodology had you tried to impose on this data? [inaudible] Speaker 4: well, the other important elements, there's collecting the data, cleaning the data, um, merging the data. But the other part was of course analyzing the data. Um, and the other groups had only been able to use 20% of the data because they had a constraint. They needed to have long continuous records. Well Robert Roady, I'm together with David Berliner developed a new technique [00:10:30] based on creaking in which they're able to, to analyze all of the data, are virtually all of the data and the result was that we were able to use so much more and yet get very good, very carefully calculated error estimates and go much farther back in time than the previous groups had been able to. Speaker 3: And were you satisfied with the data sets that were available or did you look for other data sets? Speaker 4: Robert looked for everything. He really wanted to find all of the data that was out there and he, [00:11:00] he did a very complete job I believe in doing so. Speaker 3: Is that an ongoing process for him or the ongoing process? Speaker 4: The process is going to be updating it. We have now the 15 databases that this comes from and they are going to be updated on a regular basis since we want to be able to update our database on a regular basis and have it all automated so that that will just happen every few months or however often we decided Speaker 3: it needs to be. And so are these data sets pretty broadly accepted as the best available? Yes they are. And the source of them is government, [00:11:30] weather stations, Speaker 4: government, weather station. There's a lot of volunteer weather stations. There's a complete list of the 15 sources, many of which come through Noah Speaker 3: and I guess no is consolidating a lot of data sets from around the world. Speaker 4: Uh, yes. If you look at the data set, it really is around w from all around the world. Um, in the modern day. If you go back in time, it becomes less global. If you look at our earliest measurements, you may see data really only in the u s and Europe, [00:12:00] few places in India, but by the 19 hundreds you're really getting fairly good coverage of the globe accepting Antarctica, which doesn't really come into play until the 1950s Speaker 3: were there any other big challenges Speaker 4: under the cleaning of the data and developing the analysis framework? Where were really the biggest challenges? There were a couple of surprises though. The things that we didn't expect. One of the things that we discovered once we had access to the data, we were able to start playing with and looking [00:12:30] for other things that maybe people hadn't noticed before. One of the biggest surprises was the discovery that the oscillations in the data, which everybody had previously said, oh, those are El Nino are everybody's data goes up and down together and, and that's El Nino. We only looked at it very carefully. We discovered that, yes, it is highly correlated to to El Nino, but in fact it's even more correlated to the Gulf stream and that was a big surprise. We didn't expect that, but because we had access to the data, it [00:13:00] enabled us to look at these sorts of things and we're really very hopeful that now that the world has access to the data, there'll be many other important discoveries of the sort. Speaker 3: I know that you're doing land surface first, then ocean surface. Is that a natural two phase project? Are there more phases? Is there more? Speaker 4: Well, we wanted to start with the land because in large part that's where much of the controversy was, so we figured we wanted to start with a bite sized piece though. [00:13:30] Actually I think it was a much bigger bite than we thought it would be. But by analyzing the land, it looks at the issue of the temperature stations, the station quality issue. Anthony wants the urban heat island effect and this data selection issue was their data selection bias because they only used previous groups that only use 20% of the data. The oceans are going to be interesting in the next phase because of some of the discoveries we've made such as the Gulf stream. So we're really looking forward now to doing that [00:14:00] as a next phase of work because we want to look at this in more detail and see what we can find in terms of the relationship between the Gulf stream and temperature. Speaker 4: The Gulf stream, we found a 60 year cycle in the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, which for the past 30 years has been going up. So the temperature has been going up and the temperature of the world has been going out temperature of both the Amo and and of the land surface temperature, which was unexpected. But it also [00:14:30] shows that the 60 year cycles is at a peak right now and it's going to start going down. The temperature is going to start going down. What is the impact of this going to be on global warming? Uh, is it possible that we haven't seen any global warming in the past 13 years in part because of this amo cycle and what's going to happen as the amo cycle starts, starts going down? We don't know it will, but we think it's a fascinating issue to look at. That fits in very naturally with our study of the oceans [00:15:00] and as the ocean data set, as extensive as the land, it's very different. Speaker 4: So instead of looking at a single locations, you're looking at mainly boats, so they're moving, there's different problems, different issues, but we think now that we have our framework developed, it shouldn't be as difficult as initially looking at the land was, but the analysis framework does have to change somewhat to accommodate for it. It does have to change some different collection process. Nothing's really out there. Stationary, taking [00:15:30] a reading every they are now in modern times they're boys and there's some fixed locations, but as you get back in time, as you go back in time, more and more of it come from boats. Your methodology for analyzing the data has less reliance on that longevity of sample. That's right. Our statistical techniques mean that we can work with fragments, we can work with little pieces, which has also been an advantage for dealing with some of these issues of station changes. Speaker 4: So you might have a station [00:16:00] that that goes along and it's reading a certain temperature within a certain range, um, fairly regularly for a number of years. And then all of a sudden the pattern is similar, but it's three degrees warmer than it was before. And you say, well, what's that? Um, what happened here? And previous groups would take them to say, okay, well this is probably a station move and this probably not exactly the same location as it was before. Something happened here. Maybe the time of day changed the time of the day that they were taking the, the, the readings. And so they corrected it and then they manually move [00:16:30] those, either they moved one down or they moved the other one up so that it would be a long continuous record. Well, with our statistical technique, we just cut it in into, and we say, okay, well we'll just assume that these are two different locations, two different records and handle it as such. And that means that we don't have to worry about adjusting the data. We just cut it and makes it much more easy to duplicate. And, um, that there's no manual adjustments that analyze why you that's right. And adjustment. [00:17:00] That's right. Speaker 5: [inaudible]Speaker 4: tune to k a l s Speaker 5: Berkeley. The show is spectrum. Our guest is Elizabeth Moore, Co founder and executive director of the [inaudible] surface temperature project. Speaker 4: In the peer review process that you've now entered into, yes. Is there a process for integrating the feedback or at least analyzing [00:17:30] what people are saying to you or is it too soon now? We've been getting a lot of feedback so we have the official feedback that comes through the official peer review journals and we've been working with the reviewers and the editors to incorporate that feedback. Um, we discuss it as a group. We had one of the lead authors go through it in bring any issues to the crew, talk about any additional analysis that's required and go in and actually make some of the changes to the papers. But perhaps even more interestingly is the [00:18:00] feedback that we've gotten from the peer review process outside of the official journals. Because we've posted our papers online. We've been contacted by a number of scientists from around the world who have gone through our papers in extraordinary detail and looked at some of the things, raised some important questions, um, raised some issues, some concerns and that's been extremely helpful. I think our papers will be better in the end because of the peer review that we've gotten through the open process, the global [00:18:30] process of putting our papers online. Speaker 3: In terms of longevity of the, the project and the data set, how long do you envision staying with the project? Is there a point at which you just, you're, you're done? Speaker 4: Well I think we're not sure. I think we would love to stay involved. I think there's a need to keep updating the data data set take to keep it live. We would love to do that. I think can we, we have somebody in charge of maintaining the data center, [00:19:00] but we're not a long term project for now. We're based on, on fundraising. We fundraise for the first 18 months for now looking to fundraise for the next 18 months. So we have not yet been able to establish that type of permanent longevity that would be necessary to keep doing this on an ongoing basis. But it's certainly something that we're thinking about. Speaker 3: I went to your website and was looking around and went into the a frequently asked questions and it noted [00:19:30] that none of the scientists involved has taken a public political stand on global warming. And I wondered if that was still the case or if as a result of your first release of data that there was a revision of that or not. Speaker 4: I think that's still true. And our scientists believe that the statement which you might be referring to saying that global warming is real, is now a scientific statement there. There is the data to support that. There's the evidence to support that. There's error bars, uh, to support that. So when we need to make a statement like that, we believe [00:20:00] that it's a scientific statement, not a political statement. We haven't looked into other issues such as how much of it is human caused. And so we haven't taken, I would call political statements on those sorts of issues. We don't want to get into the politics because it muddies the science and we want people to be able to look at our numbers to look at our analysis and say, okay, we know that this is 100% pure scientific analysis, but on the other hand there is a need for [00:20:30] scientific evaluation of policy to see which policies that are on the table would actually make sense according to science, which ones would actually not really help very much. Speaker 4: We don't know how much of this we might get involved and we haven't done any of it so far. It might be a question of only saying is as much as we feel can be stated, that's really grounded in the science. So as far as the group trying to get drawn into choosing a prescription [00:21:00] for affecting or impacting global warming, that's not really something the group is interested in at all, right? I don't, I don't think so. I mean there's certain elements that it does keep coming up as an issue and there are a lot of people asking us to to get more involved in this, but we really want to make sure that anything we did say would be very grounded in the science. There might be some limited statements we could make that would be grounded in the science, but we haven't taken a decision on on that yet. Speaker 5: [00:21:30] You were listening to spectrum on k a l x Berkeley. We're speaking with Elizabeth Miller, Co founder and executive director of the Berkeley Earth surface temperature project. Speaker 4: And from your experience and personal opinion, is there a prescription that you feel is the best available? Well, I think we need a lot of different things. We need energy efficiency. There's a lot that can be done for low cost, no cost even making [00:22:00] money by increasing our energy efficiency. But we also need other things like low cost, solar, low cost, wind, nuclear. There are many things that are all helpful, but it needs to be something that can be affordable, that can be adopted and the developing world, China, India, the rest of the developing world, it needs to be cheap and unless it's cheap enough for them to be able to afford, it's not going to happen there. There are other priorities, so so China, their emissions are growing so fast that anything we do [00:22:30] has live in an impact and less we can set an example that is able to be followed by China. Speaker 4: That means it needs to be cheap if it needs to ideally be profitable so that people in China and India and the rest of the developing world can afford to do the same thing. Unfortunately, I don't see this being addressed in the international debate right now at the UN and it's really an important problem that I wish had more visibility. Is [00:23:00] there anything about the group that I haven't asked you that you'd, you'd want to bring up? Well, everything that I've mentioned today is available on our website, so it's Berkeley earth.org we have all of our papers there. We have our data set and both text format. And in Matlab we have our programs. We also have a lovely video. I don't know if you've seen the video. It shows a map of the world that is getting warmer and colder and you see weather going across the, the different regions [00:23:30] of the world. Speaker 4: And it takes us from 18 hundreds through to the present. So data visualization. Absolutely. Is that something that you've embraced it? It is. It is. And we've actually gotten some requests from some museums who have big globes. I guess they have one up at the Lawrence Hall of science and, and wanting to project our global warming movie onto such a globe, which I think would be a fascinating way of looking at it. There's a couple of other, um, interesting images [00:24:00] on our, on our website. For example, if you look at the u s many people are surprised to learn that out. One third of locations in the U s have cooled. They haven't warmed two-thirds have warmed. But what it means is if you look up your hometown and you might say, Oh, I've never felt any global warming. Well, that's probably true. You probably haven't felt any global warming because the amount of global warming that we've seen is so small that it's absolutely overwhelmed by local weather phenomenon and there's one [00:24:30] third chance that you've been living in a, in a location that's actually seen cooling over the past 50 years. Speaker 3: Yeah. The personal relationship with global warming seems to be where a lot of people stumble and feel that it should be something visceral in their daily lives for it to be real and don't take the intellectual leap to regard the data on a worldwide basis because that's really sort of what your group has tried to do. Speaker 4: Yeah, that's absolutely right. One of the difficulties with global warming is that there's been less than one degree global [00:25:00] warming in the past 50 years. This is not something that you are going to be able to feel. You might think you have. You might say, Oh yes, if weather feel so different today than it did 10 years ago, that must be global warming. And people do that all the time. They say, oh, it's cold today, global warming, or it's warm today, global warming. But the truth is you can't detect it to be, you need hundreds, preferably thousands of records of locations from around the world in order to detect global warming. It's not something that you're going to go out and [00:25:30] feel on your own. Speaker 3: Do you know of any organizations that have embraced your data and are, are going off in some area of research that validates what you started this project to achieve? Speaker 4: Um, there are many organizations who have expressed interest in using our data. I think it's still fresh out there, so we're not quite sure who's going to be adopting it on a permanent basis. But we've gotten a lot of feedback. We've gotten a lot of emails, we've got a lot of people saying thank you for this. I've really been interested in getting into the stat and I was never [00:26:00] able to do it before. So I suspect that as time goes on and as our papers start to be published, there'll be more and more people using our data. Speaker 3: Elizabeth Miller, thanks very much for being on spectrum. Well, thank you. It's been my pleasure. It's been enjoyed being here. Speaker 6: [inaudible]Speaker 3: Rick Karnofsky joins me for the calendar and the news. Okay. Speaker 6: Oh, Speaker 7: the mycological society of San Francisco will present flavorful [00:26:30] foul and Far-flung guy on Tuesday the 21st at 7:00 PM in San Francisco's Randall Museum, one 99 museum way. Daniel Winkler, the author of a field guy to edible mushrooms of the will share his experiences collecting and eating wild mushrooms and in his travel agency mushrooming LLC that annually organizes and leads echo tours to Tibet and South America. For more info on this free event, visit www dot m s s f. Dot. [00:27:00] O. R. G. Speaker 3: The science had cow lecture for February. We'll be on Saturday, February 18th at 11:00 AM in Stanley Hall. Room One oh five the talk will be given by Professor Buford price and is entitled single celled microbes in polar ice, a proxy for evolution over 100 million generations. The presence of Pico Sino bacteria in ice at all. Depths in both Greenland and Antarctica provides an opportunity to study [00:27:30] microbial evolution over about 100 million generations. Professor Price, we'll discuss how this vast study is now possible. Speaker 7: Physicist Michio Kaku will appear at the first Congregational Church of Berkeley at two three four five Channing way on Thursday the 23rd from seven 30 to 9:30 PM advanced tickets are $12 or get in at the door for $15 Sunni professor Kaku who cofounded string field theory on popularity's his physics [00:28:00] on his science channel show and on two radio programs. He recently released physics of the future, which gives a vision of the coming century based on interviews with over 300 scientists that discuss cutting edge medicine, computers, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, energy production, and astronautics. Visit kpfa.org for more information. Behavioral neuroscientist, Karen Ersh of the University of Cambridge and her colleagues have an article in the February 3rd [00:28:30] issue of science that studies the genetics of addiction. The team tested 50 pairs of siblings. One in each pair was addicted to cocaine or amphetamines while the other had no history of drug abuse. Participants pressed a left or right Arrow key when seeing a similar arrow on a computer screen unless they heard a tone in which case they were to do nothing. People with poor self control including most drug addicts find it difficult to refrain from pressing the key. Surprisingly, the siblings who are not addicted to drugs perform just as badly as their siblings who were [00:29:00] indeed brain scan showed the pairs had very similar brain irregularities in commentary on the article imaging specialist Nora Volkow of the National Institute of Drug Abuse in Bethesda. Notes that even in children as young as four to 12 traits such as self control and flexibility can be improved by targeted interventions including exercise, train, martial arts, Yoga and computer games designed to enhance working memory. Speaker 5: [inaudible] occurred during the show was by list [00:29:30] on a David from his album folk and acoustic made available under creative Commons license 3.0 attribution. Thank you for listening to spectrum. If you have Speaker 1: comments about the show, please send them to us via email. Our email address is spectrum dot k a l x@yahoo.com join us in two weeks at this same time. Speaker 2: I like that one. [inaudible]. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Central Intelligence Agency is working on climate change, but you'd never know it. David Biello reports

Dr. Richard Muller, discusses his book, Physics for Future Presidents.

Dr. Richard Muller, discusses his book, Physics for Future Presidents.

As a physics professor at UC Berkeley, Richard Muller considers what his students would need to know -- if one were elected president. In today's lesson, he demonstrates the principles of fission and the basics of a nuclear explosion -- using super balls!

Ich hatte euch ja versprochen, im neuen Jahr mal ein paar Empfehlungen aus meiner persönlichen Podcast-Liste zu bringen. Ich fange heute an mit einer Podcast-Serie, die eigentlich gar nicht als Podcast produziert wurde. Es handelt sich dabei um Life-Mitschnitte von Vorlesungen der Berkeley University of California. Kalifornien, sollte auch hier in Deutschland bekannt sein, immerhin bekleidet dort der bekannte österreichische ?Terminator?-Schauspieler Arnold Schwarzenegger den Posten des Gouverneurs. Daher sollte der amerikanische Bundesstaat auch hierzulande bekannt sein. Außerdem kennt man vielleicht die berühmten Städte Los Angeles und San Francisco, die liegen ebenfalls in Kalifornien. Berkeley ist der älteste Campus in Kalifornien, das hindert die Leute aber wohl nicht daran, mit modernen Methoden zu arbeiten. Auf jeden Fall werden einige der Vorlesungen jetzt auf der zugehörigen Website als Podcast, teilweise auch als RealPlayer Videostream, veröffentlicht. Die Vorlesungen sind natürlich in englischer Sprache, was jedoch bei einigermaßen guter Sprachkenntnis kein allzu großes Problem sein sollte. Falls doch, kommen in den nächsten Podcast-Episoden von Lernpilot auch mal einige Podcasts zur Sprache, die sich mit dem Englischlernen beschäftigen. Ich möchte hier eine der Vorlesungsreihen besonders empfehlen. Es ist die Vorlesung ?Physics for future Presidents?. Der besondere Charme bei dieser Vorlesungsreihe ist, dass der Dozent versucht, ein Grundverständnis für Physik zu vermitteln. Daher kommt auch der Titel. Zukünftige Präsidenten müssen die physikalischen Fakten nicht bis zur letzten Kommastelle selbst berechnen. Dafür hat man ja Angestellte und Berater. Der Dozent, Richard Muller versucht vielmehr ein Gefühl für Größenordnungen zu vermitteln. Wie viel besser oder schlechter ist Wasserstoff um ein Auto zu betreiben? Wie viel Zerstörung richtet eine Atombombe mit 1 Megatonne tatsächlich an? Wie schnell muss man fliegen um die Schwerkraft der Erde zu überwinden? Warum kann ich ein Stück Plutonium gefahrlos als Handwärmer für kalte Tage verwenden? Alles sehr spannend und lebendig vorgetragen. Ich selbst habe die ersten 11 Vorlesungen als reinen Audio-Podcast angehört und einiges dabei gelernt. Die Seite für diese Vorlesungsreihe findet Ihr hier: http://webcast.berkeley.edu/courses/archive.php?seriesid=1906978373

The war in Iraq has begun, and the technological issues of executing a war in the twenty-first century have already become apparent. On this program, Prof. Richard Muller offered an analysis of several of these issues.