Podcast appearances and mentions of alexander iii

This week on the "series finale" of Royally Screwed, we're doing a twist on the "Were They Great?" formula to talk about the biggest "Great" of them all: Alexander III of Macedonia. As a figure who is known throughout the entire world, it's obvious that he had to have done a thing or two that made him great, but what exactly did Alexander accomplish?Subscribe for more episodes as they come.Twitter: @Denim_CreekInstagram: denimcreekproMusic:Intro/Outro: “Life O' the Lavish” - Jules Gaia, “Action rock_full” - Radio_Parma, “Epic Cinematic Inspiration Piano” - Protraxx, “Upbeat Stomp Rock” - Alexey Anisimov, “Forest Walk” - Alexander NakaradaCopyright 2025, Denim Creek Productions

The 26 year old Tsar Nicholas II inherited an autocratic government, which had long resisted democratic reforms, and a society that was increasingly dissatisfied with the existing ...

What do you get when you take a French noble women and marry her to a Scottish king? A headache for the English. At just twenty-two, Yolande was thrust into the world of Scottish politics when she was married to the ageing king of Scotland, who had unfortunately lost almost every heir he had. Yolande's story had everything a dramatic death, a theory of an imposter baby, and, well, the English trying to screw everyone over. Join me on today's episode to learn about how a seemingly unimportant French girl got caught up in all of this. This Podcast is sponsored by Common Era Jewelry. Use code: AYDEN for 15% off your entire order. Bibliography Contributors to Wikimedia projects. “Alexander III of Scotland.” Wikipedia, August 26, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Scotland. ———. “Arthur II, Duke of Brittany.” Wikipedia, April 14, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_II,_Duke_of_Brittany. ———. “Beatrice, Countess of Montfort.” Wikipedia, December 8, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrice,_Countess_of_Montfort. ———. “John of Montfort.” Wikipedia, August 22, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Montfort. ———. “Robert IV, Count of Dreux.” Wikipedia, October 15, 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_IV,_Count_of_Dreux. ———. “Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland.” Wikipedia, April 1, 2024. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland. info@undiscoveredscotland.co.uk, Undiscovered Scotland: “Yolande de Dreux: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland.” Accessed September 9, 2024. https://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/d/yolandededreux.html. Longacre, Celeste. “Pisces Zodiac Sign: Dates, Personality Traits, and More.” Almanac.com, May 2, 2024. https://www.almanac.com/pisces-zodiac-sign. Medievalists.net. “Yolande de Dreux, Queen of Scots.” Medievalists.net, April 19, 2016. https://www.medievalists.net/2016/04/yolande-de-dreux-queen-of-scots/. fourteenthcenturyfiend.com. “The Maid of Norway: The Child Queen of Scots, 1286-1290,” January 5, 2019. https://fourteenthcenturyfiend.com/2019/01/05/the-maid-of-norway-the-child-queen-of-scots-1286-1290/. History... the interesting bits! “Yolande and the Hope for the Scottish Succession,” October 30, 2016. https://historytheinterestingbits.com/2016/10/30/yolande-and-the-hope-for-the-scottish-succession/. Connolly, Sharon Bennett (2017). Heroines of the Medieval World. Amberley Publishing Elizabeth Ewan, Sue Innes and Sian Reynolds: The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women

Author Christopher Cosmos joins to talk about his new novel about the childhood of Alexander III of Macedon and his closest companion Hephaestion, as well as related topics.

Ronald Weaver III chats with BYU Football's Therrian “TRE” Alexander III.

Hals över huvudet kastade Alexander III in handduken. Ensam står då Nikolaj och vet varken vad han heter eller var han bor. Hastigt måste ett bröllop gå av stapeln och en kröning med dunder och brak. Men vad är en fräsig titel om allt du gör är att lyssna på din folkilske farbror? Följ oss på instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nublirdethistoria/Maila oss på zimwaypodcast (at) gmail (punkt) comKlippning av Cornelia Boberg. Musik av David Oscarsson. Lyssna på mer av Davids musik här: https://open.spotify.com/artist/4TlPapBXUu5nmWfz5Powcx Stöd Nu blir det historia! och som tack slipper du alla annonser i podden! https://plus.acast.com/s/nublirdethistoria. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Året är 1887 och Nikolaj har hunnit växa upp till en nittonåring. Vinkandes adjöss till skolan riktar Nikolaj blicken mot militären. Men Nikolaj är spritt språngande ungdom så även kärleken lurar kring hörnet. Vad händer när han kärar ner sig i två flickor samtidigt? Medan Nikolaj har kärleksbekymmer osar svält och hungersnöd på landsbygden. Inte mycket tid har hunnits lägga på Nikolajs största uppdrag, nämligen att en gång få lägga Ryssland under sina fötter. Men det är lugnt eftersom hans far Alexander III bara är 49 år. Men dessvärre börjar Alexanders hälsa att vackla. Följ oss på instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nublirdethistoria/Maila oss på zimwaypodcast (at) gmail (punkt) comKlippning av Cornelia Boberg. Musik av David Oscarsson. Lyssna på mer av Davids musik här: https://open.spotify.com/artist/4TlPapBXUu5nmWfz5Powcx Stöd Nu blir det historia! och som tack slipper du alla annonser i podden! https://plus.acast.com/s/nublirdethistoria. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Read Online“When you fast, do not look gloomy like the hypocrites. They neglect their appearance, so that they may appear to others to be fasting. Amen, I say to you, they have received their reward. But when you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, so that you may not appear to others to be fasting, except to your Father who is hidden. And your Father who sees what is hidden will repay you.” Matthew 6:16–18Many today have abandoned the holy practice of fasting. Fasting is a powerful penitential practice that bestows great benefits upon the soul. The act of self-denial from certain food and drink, choosing instead simple nourishment from time to time, such as bread and water, or a reduced amount of food, greatly strengthens the soul and disposes a person to many spiritual blessings. Too often, we live for fleshly satisfactions and fall into the trap of trying to indulge our appetites on a regular basis. But doing so has the negative effect of tempting us to neglect the more important spiritual desires for holiness. By depriving ourselves of sensory delights from time to time, we become more disposed to seek the true and lasting delights that come only from God's grace. Therefore, this passage above presumes that we do regularly fast and engage in other forms of self-denial. Do you fast? Do you engage in other forms of self-denial on a regular basis? Daily prayer, reading the Scriptures, learning about the lives of the saints, and regular participation in the Sacraments all lead us closer to God and make us holy. But fasting and self-denial are also very important, so it is essential that we strive to embrace them as a part of our spiritual growth.In this passage, Jesus specifically calls us to seek the interior rewards that come from fasting and self-denial. He points out that if we use fasting as a way of gaining praise from others, then we lose the spiritual benefits of our fasting. Prayer, fasting, and almsgiving must all be done in a way that they are as hidden as possible so that our acts are truly sincere and not done so as to receive the earthly rewards of the admiration of others.Additionally, the lesson taught in this Gospel can also be applied to other areas of our lives. For example, if you are suffering from some illness or some form of bodily pain or discomfort, then of course you should seek the necessary medical attention. But these physical ailments also offer us another opportunity for spiritual growth when they are embraced in a silent and interior way. Even our pain or discomfort can be transformed into grace if we choose to embrace it with joy, offer it to God as a sacrifice, and keep it to ourselves as a silent gift given to God.Reflect, today, upon your practice of fasting, as well as every other opportunity you have each day to make silent and interior sacrifices to God. If you do suffer from some daily cross that is beyond your control, then try to turn it into a spiritual offering to our Lord. And if you are able to freely embrace fasting on a regular basis, then try to prayerfully commit to this practice. Try to do it every week, especially on Friday in honor of the Good Friday sacrifice made by our Lord. Don't underestimate the value of these hidden sacrifices. Make them a regular part of your spiritual life and God will bestow upon you many spiritual riches from Heaven.My sacrificial Lord, You denied Yourself of many earthly delights, especially when You fasted for forty days in the desert. Help me to take seriously this obligation to fast and to mortify my appetites. And help me to do so in a hidden way. May my life continually imitate Your perfect sacrifice so that I may become more like You every day. Jesus, I trust in You.Source of content: catholic-daily-reflections.comCopyright © 2024 My Catholic Life! Inc. All rights reserved. Used with permission via RSS feed.Featured images above: Makarov I.K. Sermon on the Mount 1889 The family of Alexander III before Christ “The blessing of the Lord be upon you”, via Wikimedia Commons

Het gesprek met dr. Roel Konijnendijk van de University of Oxford ging verder: in dit tweede deel over de slag bij Chaironeia vertelt Roel ons wat de (schaarse) bronnen ons vertellen over de slag en over de nasleep. Daarnaast bespreken we de mogelijke rol van de zoon van Philippos II: de jonge Alexander III. En wat waren de gevolgen van de Macedonische overwinning voor de Griekse poleis?Shownotes

THIS WEEK! We take a look at The Popes, And The Hoenstaufen. We take a look at how the relationship between Barbarossa, and Alexander III, The Anti Pope, and the third crusade. We also take a look at Frederick II, and Pope Gregory IX. Why did the popes dislike the Hoenstaufen? AND A New Mic! Find out this week on "Well That Aged Well", With "Erlend HedegartSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/well-that-aged-well. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Tsaar Alexander III is al interessant genoeg om eens onder de loep te nemen omdat hij een van de grote voorbeelden van Vladimir Poetin is.Maar geheel op zichzelf boeit hij ook.Een man die het als grote uitdaging zag om veel van de hervormingen van zijn vader terug te draaien, herbergt lessen voor hedendaagse leiders.Niet door zijn tirannieke wijze van leidinggeven, maar wel door het dilemma waar hij voor stond.Luisteren dus! 

Ben Criddle talks BYU sports every weekday from 3 to 7 pm.Today's Co-Hosts: Ben Criddle (@criddlebenjamin)Subscribe to the Cougar Sports with Ben Criddle podcast:Apple Podcastshttps://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddle/id99676

This is a Patreon Katy's Corner episode from 2022! In which Katy discusses the complicated dude, Alexander III of Russia. This is meant to compliment our Dagmar of Denmark episode where we won't go into his politics too much. So, in case that's something you want to know more about, check it out here. Time stamps 00:00 Introduction to the Episode 00:50 Exploring the Life of Alexander III of Russia 02:22 The Complex Personality of Alexander III 02:23 Alexander III's Early Life and Ascension to the Throne 08:22 Alexander III's Personal Life and Family 15:25 The Controversial Reign of Alexander III 18:12 The Impact of Alexander III's Policies 26:41 Alexander III's Final Years and Legacy 30:13 Conclusion and Reflections Queens podcast is part of Airwave Media podcast network. Please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast. Want more Queens? Head to our Patreon, check out our merch store and follow us on Instagram! Our awesome new intro music is thanks to @1touchproduction ! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Last time we spoke about the end of the land campaign for the Russo-Japanese War, the battle of Mukden. Kuropatkin had been served defeat after defeat after defeat and found himself against the wall at Mukden. Meanwhile Oyama received reinforcements in the form of General Nogi's 3rd IJA and created a 5th IJA under Kawamura. Pretending the 5th IJA was a full strength army, Oyama unleashed a devilish deception against Kuropatkin's eastern flank. Kuropatkin took a defensive stance, handing the initiative completely to Oyama who performed a full crescent pincer attack against his army. Using Nogi's 3rd IJA as the surprise left pincer, Oyama attempted defeating the Russians once and for all, but yet again Kuropatkin's army was able to flee intact. Despite taking the majority of his army further north into Manchuria, the Russians were in no position to launch a counter offensive and now all hope for their cause lay upon the arrival of the baltic fleet.   #83 The Russo-Japanese War part 10: The battle of Tsushima   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. As Kuropatkin was withdrawing to a new line of defense at Siping, the Tsar would write in his diary “it is painful and distressing”, but the pain and distress had only just begun. All the way back in October of 1904, Rear Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski, the commander in chief of the Baltic Fleet was given command of the new second Pacific Squadron. His new fleet departed Kronstadt on October 15th and would be facing an incredible and very difficult journey. The logistics of the fleets deployment were colossal. It was estimated the fleet would require 3000 tons of coal a day at economic speed, 10,000 tons at full speed. Most great powers with large navy's had coaling stations within their spheres of influence, Russia did not. Of the great powers she had no significant oversea colonies. Under international law, neutral ports were forbidden from providing support to warships. Britain held numerous coaling stations, but was allied to Japan, thus Russia sought aid from France and Germany. France agreed to allow their coaling stations to be used, and Germany supplied a fleet of 60 colliers to perform coal ups.  Rozhdestvenski took the battleship Kniaz Suvarov for his flagship, along with her was Orel, Alexander III and Borodino comprising the first battleship division. The second battleship division led by Rear Admiral Felkerzam had older battleships Osylabya the flag, Sissoy, Veliky and Navarin. The first cruiser division was led by Rear admiral Enquist had Dmitri Donskoi the flag, Svetlana, Oleg, Izumrud, Zhemchug, Aurora and Admiral Nakhimov.  The movement of the 2nd Pacific Squadron through the Baltic was very painful, there were endless delays because of ships requiring repairs, to coal up and mine clearing operations. Rozhestvensky ordered "no vessel of any sort must be allowed to get in among the fleet" fueled by rumors the IJN sought to ambush them using torpedo boats. When the fleet reached Dogger Bank on the night of October 21st, jittery Russian crewmates aboard the repair ship Kamchatka, last in the Russian line, saw something. The Kamchatka had lost touch with the fleet and saw a Swedish merchantman of the Gamecock fishing fleet operating out of Hull. Kamchatka sent a contact report to the fleet stating “chased by torpedo boats”. Hearts leapt throughout the fleet, thousands of sailors peered over the rails into the sea. Suvarov signaled “how many! From which direction!?” Kamchatka responded “about eight from all directions”. Sailor Politovski recalled when all hell broke loose “a small steam was rolling helpless on the sea. One funnel, a bridge, and the red and black paint on her side were clearly visible. First one, then another projectile from our ship struck this unfortunate steamer. They were, no doubt, fishermen. Now there will be a universal scandal.'' Facing the Russians was a 100 ton trawler Crane, with fishermen aboard holding up fish to the searchlights trying to indicate what they were. They were boats of the Gamecock fleet operating out of hull in the traditional fishing grounds of Dogger Bank. A young Joseph Alfred Smith was awoken by gunfire. He ran up the deck to find his father and third hand both headless in a pool of blood. Most of the rest of the crew were wounded. The first hand frantically waved a red lantern as the little boat began to sink. Three other trawlers, rushed over to pick up Crane's men as Rozhdestvenski realized his fleet was firing upon British fishing boats. Rozhdestvenski signaled to cease fire, but then other ships of the Baltic fleet came into the area prompting those firing on the fisherman to fire upon them! A fire fight broke out between battleships and cruisers, with some receiving hits. Orel fired 500 rounds, hitting Dimitri Donskoi and Aurora a few times. Two Russians were killed from friendly fire and the battleship Aurora took a hit below her waterline. The chaos went on for 25 minutes and several Russian ships signaled torpedoes were being fired upon them. The Borodino even sent a report saying they believed they were being boarded by the Japanese. Finally the Suvarov put up a blue light signaling to cease fire before sailing off without providing any lifeboats to the fishermen. The battered fisherman returned to Hull with their dead and news of the incident spread like wildfire. The infamous incident became known as the “Dogger Bank Incident”. The attack on the British fishing ships was seen as an act of war. The British admiralty put the Home, Channel and Mediterranean fleets on a war footing as masses of protestors hit Trafalgar Square demanding justice. Meanwhile Rozhdestvenski was completely unaware of everything until he hit their first port of call at Vigo. Spains immediately passed on the message from Britain. Rozhdestvenski sent off a signal claiming that the attack on the Gamecock fleet had been an accident. He argued his officer believed two torpedo boats were in the vicinity and every effort had been made to avoid the imprudent fishing boats. Rozhdestvenski apologized and asked ‘to express our sincere regret for the unfortunate victims of circumstances in which no warship could, even in times of profound peace have acted otherwise'.  So yeah the great journey had quite a rough start. After averting war with Britain, Rozhdestvesnki fleet continued on and at Tangier he decided to split up in two. He believed the older ships would not survive the long journey around the Cape, so he sent them through the Suez Canal route led by Admiral Felkerzam. Rozhdestvenski fleet hit port after port, coaling up and carrying on. Coaling up in the southern hemisphere where temperatures could hit 120 degree F, saw men die of sunstroke. Sir Winston Churchill wrote on the subject  ‘ordeal of coaling exhausted the whole ship's company. In wartime it robbed them of their brief period of rest; it subjected everyone to extreme discomfort'. Each port they came to coal out brought news of the war. At Diego Suarez in Madagascar, the Russians heard news 203 meter hill had fallen to the Japanese. Rozhdestvenski said “203 meter hill, and what is that?”. They departed west africa on december 17th and now Rozhdesvenski needed to link back up with Felkrzams squadron and make it post haste to rescue Port Arthur. However Felkerzam had a shorter route and should have reached Diego Suarez before Rozhdestvenski, but he had not. It would turn out St Petersburg redirected Felkermaz to Nossi Be 600 miles distant, causing great delays. Rozhdestvenski outraged raced towards Nossi Be, but along the way received the disastrous news, Port Arthur had fallen.   Without Witgeft's fleet, the second pacific squadron was in trouble. St Petersburg sought to assemble a 3rd pacific squadron from the Black Sea, but this was diplomatically impossible. Russia had an ongoing issue with Turkey, thus trapping their black sea fleet. Thus the third pacific squadron would consist of warships previously rejected by Rozhdestvenski, the older battleships Imperator Nikolai I flagship, General Admiral Graf Apraksin, Admiral Seniavin, Admiral Ushakov, cruiser Vladimir Monomakh and 7 other auxiliaries. The squadron was led by Rear admiral Nikolai Nebogatov and departed Libava on February 15th, passing through the Suez canal to meet up with the rest.   Meanwhile the IJN expected to see the Baltic fleet around the Formosan straits by early January 1905. The massive amount of delays prompted Rozhdestvenski to say to his staff  ‘Telegraph to St Petersburg that I wish to be relieved of my command,' Christmas brought Rozhdestvenski out of his depression and soon his squadron met up with Felkerzam at Nossi Be on January 10th. While coaling up, Rozhdestvenski met with the other commanders to issue the orders they had received from St Petersburg. They were to meet up with the incoming 3rd pacific squadron and combined, would regain command of the sea. To achieve this aim they would need to strike the IJN combined fleet as quickly as possible, because the Japanese had been at sea for nearly a year and perhaps would be worn out. Yet Rozhdestvenski had his own thought on the matter, and made them known to the Russian admiralty when he signaled “I have not the slightest prospect of recovering command of the sea with the force under my orders. The despatch of reinforcements composed of untested and in some cases badly built vessels would only render the fleet more vulnerable. In my view the only possible course is to use all force to break through to Vladivostok and from this base to threaten the enemy's communications. “   The German colliers declared they would not further support the Russian fleet east of Madagascar, prompting Rozhdestvenski into another depression. Meanwhile Captain Nicholas Klado who had departed after the Dogger Bank incident was back in St Petersburg writing about his views on the upcoming battle “The personnel of the expedition, after hearing of the fate of Port Arthur and the destruction of our fleet had no longer any faith in the success of our enterprise. We shall never in this war gain the command of the sea; that is we shall never accomplish the task imposed upon us. What ought to be done? It is shameful to acknowledge it, but I say, quite impartially, it is necessary to put an end to the naval operations.” Russian crew members read such words, demoralizing them greatly. Added to this word of Bloody Sunday and the unrest back home began to spread amongst the crews. There was a bread shortage, general discomfort of always coaling up under the extreme heat, men were exhausted and losing their minds. Many court martials began to occur, during some training exercises ships hit another by accident and narrowly ran into each other. Terrible news came from Mukden, that Kuropatkin had been served another defeat. Then on march 15th, news the 3rd pacific squadron was coaling at Crete came. Rozhdestvenskis fleet had traveled 4560 miles, pausing no fewer than 5 times to coal up, but now were stuck waiting for the incoming 3rd squadron.    On april 14th the Russian fleet entered Kam Ranh Bay, many crews began mutiny's, suicides were rampant and desertions occurred at ever port call. On May 9th, the 3rd pacific squadron finally arrived. Nebogatov met with Rozhdestvenskis for just 30 minutes, without any battle plans given before they set sail. The fleet was now 52 warships strong, Rozhdestvenski signaled the admiralty ‘I will not telegraph you again before the battle. If I am beaten, Togo will tell you. If I beat him I will let you know.'   Now its important to point out some differences between the two fleets. The Japanese would be enjoying some technological advantages. The IJN had electric firing mechanisms, superior ammunition and telescopic sights, the Russians did not. Basically the way gunnery worked up until this point had a local gunnery officer assigned to a gun. The man would specify elevation, deflection figures and give firing orders keeping his eyes on an inclinometer that helped indicate the roll and pitch angles of the ship. A spotter on the mast would calculate the new elevation and deflection when observing salvos for the next round. Basically quite a few guys are doing math during a heated battle to keep correcting salvo shots, very difficult stuff. Yet months before the battle we are going to talk about, Chief gunnery officer, Lt Commander Kato Hiroharu was advised by the Royal navy on how to utilize a new mechanism. The Dumaresq fire control “computer”. This was a system of centrally issuing gun laying and salvo firing orders. This saw a central system allowing the spotter to identify a salvo of distant shell splashes much more effectively than trying to identify a single splash among the countless going on in battle. Furthermore the spotter now only needed to track one at a time, as opposed to multiple shots on multiple stopwatches. He would report it to an officer on the bridge, who was just steps away from the ship commander so he could alter courses to help. This new fire control system was introduced to the entire fleet and they trained upon it for months before the Russians showed up. This would make the Japanese gunners incredibly more accurate than their foe.    The Japanese also had created their own radios based on the Royal Navy's “Marconi wireless system”. The Russians on the other hand were using Telefunken German radios. Thus the Japanese had their own equipment and were specialized in its use, but the Russians had a foreign produced technology they did not fully understand. The Japanese were also using a high explosive shell filled with “Shimose Powder”. Shimose powder was pure picric acid that Engineer Shimos Masachika had created for the IJN,. The powder had a stronger power in terms of detonation velocity and temperature than other high explosives at the time. The Japanese shells were also using Ijuin fuses that caused them to explode on contact and wreck upper structures of ships better.   Because of the rather insane journey across the globe, the Russian battleships were not maintained very well, and her crews were unable to train adequately.    To geek out a bit I'd like to run some numbers. The Russians had an overwhelming advantage in the number of battleships and large caliber guns. They had 41 guns of 10 and 12 inch caliber while Togo would have 17. However the IJN would have a lot more guns of medium caliber, 8 and 6 inchs for example, and a ton more torpedoes. The Japanese fleet overall was faster, going at least 15 knots vs the Russian 11.   The Russians had 8 battleships, 9 cruisers, 8 destroyers and 9 torpedo boats. The Japanese had 5 battleships, 8 armored cruisers and 16 cruisers of various degrees, 16 destroyers and 69 torpedo boats. By the way you will find dramatically differing numbers when you try to look up the battle order, its because of arguments for ship types for those geeks out there.    The total of Russian armoured ships of modern type was eleven against the Japanese fourteen .  The total broadside of the two armoured fleets, if concentrated, was: Russians, twenty 12-inch; eight 10-inch; ten 8-inch, sixty-five 6-inch; and Japanese, twenty-four 12-inch, one 10-inch, thirty 8-inch, ninety-two 6-inch.  The Japanese had thus an advantage in the number of armoured ships and a marked advantage in weight of broadside (with common shell about 37,600 pounds for the Japanese against 26,500 pounds for the Russians).   Rozhdestvenskis now had to choose whether he would go east or west of the Japanese home islands to get to Vladivostok. In the east he could go through either Tsugaru or La Perouse strait. Russian intelligence believed the Tsugaru strait was heavily mined and was prone to fog, favoring torpedo and destroyers who could hide and launch torpedoes. La Perouse was similar, but more difficult to navigate and further requiring more coal. In the west there were two channels through the Korean straits, the western one was full of Japanese bases, the eastern one was the Tsushima strait. Admiral Togo knew the Russians would not risk going east, it was simply too far and would be too risky. Both commanders came to the conclusion the most logical route was through Tsushima. It was going to be a game of cat and mouse. Rozhdestvenski would play the rose of mouse, trying to slip through to Vladivostok, Togo would play the role of cat. Togo took his entire fleet to Masan Bay on the southeast coast of Korea and awaited his prey.   Rozhdestvenski deployed his fleet in two columns. In the starboard column were 7 battleships with their flagship being Knyaz Suvorov. The port column consisted of the rest of the fleet led by Nebogatov aboard Nicholas I. On the night of May 26th, the Russians slipped into the Tsushima strait under radio silence. There was a thick fog blanketing the area, but the moon shone heavily through the overcast. The fog lifted momentarily around 2:45am and the armed merchant cruiser Shinano Maru saw the hospital ship Orel whose lights were on. The Japanese ship crept closer to investigate and relayed a message to Masan Bay ‘The enemy sighted in number 203 section. He seems to be steering for the eastern channel.' Togo was jolted with excitement at 5am the IJN combined fleet set sail to intercept the enemy. The Orel mistook the Shinano Maru for a Russian ship and made no signal of its presence. Meanwhile the Shinano Maru sighted the shapes of 10 other Russian ships.   The Japanese officers had a tot of rum and cigars, gifted from Emperor Meiji. They were passed out and Togo recalled when men found out they had figured out the Russians were in the Tsushima strait ‘the news was received with enthusiastic joy by the whole fleet' At 6:34am, Admiral Togo sent a signal to the naval minister in Tokyo “In response to the warning that enemy ships have been sighted, the Combined Fleet will immediately commence action and attempt to attack and destroy them. Weather today fine but high waves”.   The Japanese closed in on their enemy as men, Togo recalled “Though a heavy fog covered the sea, making it impossible to observe anything at a distance of over five miles, [through wireless messaging] all the conditions of the enemy were as clear to us, who were 30 or 40 miles distant, as though they had been under our very eyes”. At 1:40pm both fleets sighted each other and prepared themselves for battle. At 1:55pm Togo ordered the hoisting of the Z flag, and issued his predetermined announcement to the entire fleet “The Empire's fate depends on the result of this battle, let every man do his utmost duty”. As admiral Nelson had once signaled "England expects that every man will do his duty" at the Battle of Trafalgar, Togo was inspired to make this as legendary as that battle. The Russians were sailing southwest to northeast, while the Japanese steamed from northeast to southwest. Togo ordered his fleet to turn in sequence with the Russians. Both fleets were 7 miles from another. The Japanese were coming in line-ahead formation at 14 knots, 3 knots faster than the Russians. Flagship Mikasa led her sisters, Shikishima, Fuji and Asahi as Togo seized the initiative. Togo had his faster fleet outpace the Russians and crossed them starboard to port, northwest then west, thus effectively crossing the Russian T. It was a tremendously risky maneuver as the Russian gunnery teams went to work firing upon the Japanese. Mikasa took 15 hits within just 5 minutes, Shikishima likewise took hits. Togo's 12 large ships were performing in essence a giant U turn taking 20 minutes under heavy Russian fire. Each one of Togo's ships had to run the gauntlet suffering hits. The Russian 3rd division concentrated upon the Japanese cruisers at the extremity of their range with some success. The Yagumo, Asama and Nisshin were all hit, Asama was forced out of line. Then the battle passed out of range for Nebogatov's division who were hitting 11 knots, limiting the speed of the entire Russian fleet.   Once Fuji and Asahi completed their turn, Togo ordered his fleet to open fire targeting Suvarov and Osylabya who were leading the two Russian lines. The danger for the Japanese had passed, now Rozhestvsenki was in trouble. Rozhestvenski had only two options a charge direct, in line abreast, or to commence a formal pitched battle; he chose the latter. The Japanese unleashed their 500 guns upon the flagship of Rozhdestvenski. Aboard the Suvarov, the crews were shocked by the overwhelming and accurate fire laid upon them. Captain Vladimir Semenov recalled “‘I had not only never witnessed such a fire before, but I had never imagined anything like it. Shells seemed to be pouring upon us incessantly, one after another.It seemed impossible even to count the number of projectiles striking us.. The steel plates and superstructure on the upper decks were torn to pieces, and the splinters caused many casualties. Iron ladders were crumpled up into rings, guns were literally hurled from their mountings. In addition to this, there was the unusually high temperature and liquid flame of the explosion, which seemed to spread over everything. I actually watched a steel plate catch fire from a burst.” Meanwhile the Russians near misses outnumbered their hits and one third of their shells failed to explode. The Russian command center was in the armored conning tower above the ailing Suvarov, now alight from stem to stern from 12, 8 and 6 inch shells. Two shell struck the conning tower killing countless men. Rozhdestvenski struggled to lead his fleet closer to the enemy to achieve effective striking power, then at 2:35pm he was wounded for the first time.    The Japanese gunnery had a devastating effect on the Russian crews, so much so the returning fire became relatively indifferent and ineffective. The sailors were mesmerized by the sheer slaughter before them. Main armaments were shaken and snuffed out. Semenov recalled running past sailors seeing them in shell shock, trying to scream at the men to help put out fires. By 2:30 a funnel had gone, the main mast was destroyed. Signaling was made impossible, a shell hit the flagships steering mechanism and now she was veering off to starboard, completely ablaze. Aboard the Asahi, Captain Pakenham was in a deckchair taking notes of the spectacle. Togo had taken Pakenham as an attache from the Royal Navy. Pakenham was watching through binoculars while a nearby a officer was picking up the debris of mutilated feet, hands and bowels from crew members. Pakenham kept writing notes until a 6 inch shell killed the crew of a 12 inch gun nearby him. The crew were blown to pieces and a man's lower jaw hit Pakenham drenching him with blood. Pakenham wrote down . ‘In spite of the quantity scattered, the amount of blood left on deck looked sufficient to fill a big cask,' before putting down his notebook and going down below. He would return 5 minutes later and resume his notetaking.   Osylabya was fatally damaged with her medical surgeons busy with dying men. Water rushed through the ship on the lower decks and into the magazine. She was gradually listing as the medical teams continued their work. 6 IJN cruisers pulled up for the coup de grace, as told to us by Admiral Kamimura “The whole of the starboard side as far as the keel was laid bare, her bright plating looked like the wet scales of some sea monster; and suddenly, as if by command, all the men who had crowded to the starboard side jumped down upon those scales … Most of them were dashed against the bilge keel and fell crippled, into the sea. In the water they formed an imaginable mass … and the enemy's shell never ceased the whole time from bursting over them. A few more seconds and the Osylabya disappeared beneath the water”. Sailors abandoned the ship, some in such a hurry they failed to grab a life vest. The captain screamed to his men to swim away from the ship which was keel high by 2:45pm. She went bow first to the boot with nearly 2/3rds her crew. Osylabya was the first armored battleship to be sunk entirely by gunfire.   The speed difference between the two fleets had been a decisive factor. As one Japanese observer wrote: ‘After the first twenty minutes the Russians seemed suddenly to go all to pieces, and their shooting became wild and harmless.' At this point the situation in the conning tower of Suvarov was catastrophic. Rozhdestvenski was wounded again, took a shell fragment to the head and was knocked out. A fragment had also entered his left leg cutting the main nerve and paralyzed his limb. Rozhdestvenski was dragged into a gun turret where he groggily was coming to. His chief of staff asked ‘Sir, we must shorten the distance, they're all being killed, they're on fire.' Rozhdestvenski replied ‘Wait a bit aren't we all being killed also?” The flagship drifted east out of control, leaving the Alexander III to take the head of the line. Captain Bukhvostov aboard Alexander III took Togo by surprise and charged down the middle of his squadron. This action gained the Russians much needed respite. Yet before long the Alexander III was being absolutely battered and began to list from a hole in her bows. The lead then passed on to Borodino who soon became a ablaze joined by Orel. At this point Nebogatov should have assumed command of the fleet, but he was unaware of the status of Rozhdestvenski, or even Felkerzam who was dead for days, but Rozhdestvenski kept this a secret to thwart Nebogatov from becoming 2nd in command. Thus for 3 hours no one was in command of the Russian Fleet. Togo's attention was stolen by the now stationary and devastated Suvarov, as Pakenham wrote “‘Her condition seemed infinitely deplorable. Smoke curling round the stern was rolling horizontally away on the wind. If the absence of funnels contributed much to her air of distress, the now extensive conflagration raging amidships showed its reality,' Togo began firing into Suvarov from 1000 yards before sailing off to intercept the other battleships. This allowed Kamimura's cruisers and two divisions of destroyers to close in like sharks. Togo had been so transfixed on the enemy flagship he lost sight of the battle as a whole. According to him ‘The enemy apparently altered course and disappeared in the fog.' Togo toon a northward pursuit of the Russian fleet who were trying to escape the carnage. Mikasa had been hit over 29 times, showcasing the brutality of the fight.   The Russian destroyer Buiny raced through the Japanese armada coming beside Suvarov's side. Rozhdestvenski was carried by his chief of staff who said in distress ‘Come on, sir, we haven't much time. There are some cruisers coming up.' The barely conscious Rozhdestvenski, with his skull pierced by a shell splinter, protested and then said  ‘Command to Nebogatov – Vladivostok – course N.23°E.' The wounded Admiral was tossed aboard the destroyer as Kamimura cruisers charged from the east. Destroyer Buiny carried the Admiral and 200 of Osylabya's survivors, there was not much room for men of the Suvarov, only a dozen managed to jump aboard. Those remaining on Suvarov manned their workable guns and fought like lions against their executioners. Admiral Kataoka recalled the scene “She scarcely looked like a man-of-war at all. Her interior was ablaze, and the holes in her side and gunports shot out tongues of flame. Thick volumes of black smoke rolled low on her deck, and her whole appearance was indescribably pathetic. She turned to starboard and port, as if seeking to escape, while the two or three stern guns, which were all that remained to her, kept up an heroic ‘defence'. To finally put Suvarov out of her misery, Kataoka had his 11th torpedo division come up at 20 knots and fire a salvo of torpedoes. 3 out of 7 torpedo hits exploded, one finding her magazine that caused a tremendous blast turning her over. Kataoka recalled  ‘For a short time she floated upwards, and then at 7.30 lifted her bow high in the air and slid rapidly out of sight.' Suvarov took 40 officers and 888 men with her. Meanwhile Alexander III was sinking, taking 30 officers and 806 men with her.    Fuji was one of the last to fire her 12 inch guns at Borodino as the sun was setting. Her shells tore through the ship, detonating the magazines causing tremendous explosions and smoke going everywhere. Of her crew 30 officers and 823 men went down with the ship, she would have a single survivor. Admiral Enquist commanding the Russian cruisers used the cover of darkness to try and break contact and flee. The Aurora, Zhemchug and Oleg fled in the direction of Manila. The slower Dmitri Donskoi was left behind and would become a easy target for the IJN light cruisers and torpedo boats. Dmitri Donskoi was smashed with both shell and torpedo and would sink with every man killed or wounded aboard. To make matters worse, Dmitri Donskoi had taken on 270 survivors from Osylabya and Buiny before she was attacked. She put up a valiant fight managing to sink two IJN destroyers and damaging a third.    The Russians had lost battleships Suvarov, Oslyabya, Alexander III and Borodino, but the night was still young. At 8pm 21 destroyers and 45 torpedo boats ran circles around the Russian vessels who had not escaped in time. The IJN small warships hit them from the east and south for 3 hours without pause. During the night numerous collisions occurred between both sides. The Japanese shepherded the Russians into small pockets who kept trying to escape northwards. By 11pm, it seemed like the Russians had all escaped, then searchlights came on. The old battleship Navarin ran into a chained float mine and was hit consecutively by 4 torpedoes until she sank taking down her crew of 622 men, there would be only 3 survivors. Sissoi Veliky was hit by a torpedo in her stern, but remained afloat. Two older armored cruisers, Vladimir Monomakh and Admiral Nakhimov were badly damaged by shellfire and torpedoes.    The night had been a war of attrition. The morning showcased the remnants of Nebogatov's squadron, NICHOLAS I, OREL, APRAXIN and SENIAVIN and the cruiser IZUMRUD hightailing it for Vladivostok. Many of them were pulling 9 knots and if allowed to flee would have made a 32 hour journey to the cold water port. However they would not be allowed to leave, when the morning light shone brightly enough, the Japanese recommended their hunt. Nebogatov would find himself surrounded by nearly 27 IJN warships. Togo made sure to keep his larger warships out of the gun range of the Russians and allow his destroyers and torpedo boats to finish off the ailing enemy. The Japanese had surrounded Nebogatov's remaining warships at 5:23am just a bit south of Takeshima island. Nebogatov knew they were doomed, he address his fellow officers ‘Gentlemen, I propose to surrender as the only means of saving our crews from destruction. Please give orders to run up the white flag.'    Nebogatov had the XGE signal raised, this was an international signal of surrender, unfortunately the Japanese did not have this signal in their code books, or at least that's how they played it. The Japanese continued to fire upon the Russian ships as the Izumrud suddenly bolted northwards escaping at 24 knots. Nebogatov quickly got his men to find white table clothes and they were quickly hoisted up the mastheads. Unfortunately Togo had once been duped by a Qing warship who hoisted a white flag before fleeing in 1894, so he continued firing. Again this is as the Japanese alleged things. Japanese officers looked to Togo aboard Mikasa to order a ceasefire and kept reporting the sighting of white flags. But Togo replied ‘I will not cease fire until they stop their engines,' The Russians seemed to understand frantic hand gestures and cut their engines and in desperation Nebogatov had the rising sun flag hoisted up the mastheads. To this Togo ordered a cease of fire. Nebogatov looked at his men and said “You are young, and it is you who will one day retrieve the honour and glory of the Russian Navy. The lives of the two thousand four hundred men in these ships are more important than mine” Thus the battle of Tsushima was over.   The wounded Admiral Rozhdestvenski was taken to Saseo for medical treatment. Admiral Togo visited Rozhdestvenski while in hospital and consoled the man saying  ‘We fighting men suffer either way, win or lose. The only question is whether or not we do our duty. You performed your great task heroically until you were incapacitated. I pay you my highest respects.'   The Russian Navy suffered 216 officers and 4614 men killed, 278 officers and 5629 taken prisoner. 62 officers, 1165 men managed to escape to Vladivstok and Diago-Suarez and another 79 officers and 1783 men were interned at neutral ports. The IJN suffered 117 officers and men killed with 583 wounded, including one young Japanese officer aboard the armored cruiser Nisshin who lost his index and middle fingers on his left hand, his name was Isoroku Yamamoto. The Russians lost 11 battleships sunk, scuttled or captured, 5 out of 9 cruisers, 6 out of 9 destroyers and a bunch of auxiliary ships. The Japanese lost a whopping 3 torpedo boats, 34, 35 and 69. It was an insane victory.    News of the terrible defeat reached St Petersburg, absolutely stunning the Russian government. The Russian government quickly sought a scapegoat and targeted Admiral Rozhdestvenski, accusing him of defeatism and failing to properly employ his fleet. Rozhdestvenski was put on trial and said to the judges ‘We were just not strong enough and God gave us no luck.' Rozhdestvenski told everyone the blame was his and his alone to bear, but they sought further blood and came for Nebogatov and two other members of the commander-in-chief's staff. Death sentences were tossed, in response Nebogatov addressed the court “According to the judges who have sentenced me to a shameful punishment, I should have blown the ships up on the high seas and caused the death of two thousand men in a few seconds. For what reason? Perhaps in the name of Saint Andrew's flag, symbol of Holy Russia? A great country must preserve her dignity and life of her sons and not send them to death on ancient vessels in order to hide her errors, intellectual blindness and ignorance of the most elementary principals of naval matters”. The Tsar would commute the death sentences, but the damage done to the empire was fatal.    I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The baltic fleet of Rozhdestvenski made an incredible around the globe journey to bring the full might of the Russian navy to Japan's doorstep. Admiral Togo predicted where his foe would be and gave him one of the if not greatest naval battles in human history. Now the Russians remained defeated on land and sea, only peace could ensue. 

De eerste heerser van de Sovjet-Unie, Vladimir Iljitsj Oeljanov, leefde van 22 april 1870 tot 21 januari 1924. Honderd jaar na zijn dood lijkt hij bijna vergeten, maar is relevanter en actueler dan ooit. Jaap Jansen en PG Kroeger vertellen over zijn leven en werk, zijn politieke en wereldwijde erfenis en zijn opmerkelijke actualiteit in de 21e eeuw. ***Betrouwbare Bronnen is mede mogelijk gemaakt met donaties van luisteraars die we hiervoor hartelijk danken. Word ook vriend van de show!Deze aflevering bevat een advertentie van voor Eneco. Ga naar eneco.nl/test om te zien of Eneco Dynamisch bij jou past.Heb je belangstelling om in onze podcast te adverteren of ons te sponsoren? Zend een mailtje naar adverteren@dagennacht.nl en wij nemen contact met u opOp sommige podcast-apps kun je niet alles lezen. De complete tekst en een overzicht van al onze eerdere afleveringen vind je hier***Lenin - de schuilnaam van de revolutionair, verwijzend naar de Siberische rivier de Lena - groeide op in een gezin van ongekende sociale mobiliteit vanuit een lijfeigenenfamilie tot in de erfelijke adelstand. De executie van zijn broer als complotpleger tegen de tsaar deed de scholier radicaliseren en dat proces is heel zijn leven voortgegaan. Hij was een theoreticus voor wie de leer van Marx en diens toekomstvisioenen een abstracte werkelijkheid vormden. Het socialistische ideaal mocht wat hem betreft slechts door een kleine voorhoede en met geweld van bovenaf gerealiseerd worden. Daarin was hij een buitengewoon pragmatisch leider.Je kon immers met iedereen een alliantie sluiten die dat theoretisch ‘absoluut ware' dichterbij hielp brengen. Van Kaiser Wilhelm II tot een aartskapitalist als Herbert Hoover – de meest uiteenlopende bondgenoten benutte hij voor zijn machtsstreven. Eenmaal aan de macht - na bijna twee decennia van ballingschap buiten Rusland - was hij een meedogenloos tiran. Burgeroorlogen, hongersnoden en repressie waren middelen waar hij niet voor terugschrok om de macht van ‘de partij' te vestigen en onstuitbaar te maken. Tegelijk schetste Lenin een propaganda-imago van het meest progressieve, cultureel innovatieve en het volk brood, vrijheid, elektrificatie en gelukbrengend regime in de wereldgeschiedenis. Zijn opvolger Stalin heeft zich altijd in opmerkelijke bescheidenheid "leerling van de grote Lenin" genoemd. Hij bouwde een persoonscultus op rond de voorganger die vooral natuurlijk hemzelf legitimeerde. Hoe Stalin in de laatste twee jaar daadwerkelijk omging met de stervende Lenin is een ander verhaal; een gruwelsprookje. Lenin bleef de icoon, zeker na de destalinisatie. Ook Michail Gorbatsjov onderstreepte altijd zijn verering voor de oprichter van de Sovjet-Unie. En Vladimir Poetin? Die verfoeit Lenin en maakt hem daarmee in deze tijd ineens hoogst actueel. Lenin was immers de doodgraver van het Russische imperium en schonk onderworpen volkeren van de tsaar hun soevereiniteit in aanloop naar de 'wereldrevolutie' van Karl Marx. Poetin herstelt allengs de reputatie van Stalin als 'wreed doch krachtdadig redder' en spiegelt zich aan de meest repressieve Tsaren als Nicolaas I en Alexander III. Hun rijk werd door Lenin verwoest en diens faam werd door Gorbatsjov gekoesterd. Des te opvallender is het dat Poetin nadrukkelijk en bewust verbergt dat hij zelf op niemand zo lijkt als op Lenin. Zijn tactiek om de macht te grijpen en methode van heersen zijn puur leninistisch. Zoals ook de politieke strategie van de extreemrechtse en extreemlinkse groeperingen die Poetin in Europa steunt leninistisch pur sang is. Diens methodieken van permanente radicalisering, argwaan en zuiveringen én diens opportunisme en killersinstinct zien wij dezer dagen opnieuw op het politieke toneel.***Verder lezenVictor Sebestyen - Lenin, leven en legende***Verder kijkenZie en hoor Lenin spreken: "Wat is Sovjetmacht?"Bertrand Russel over zijn ontmoeting met Lenin in 1920Poetin: "Lenin legde een tijdbom onder Rusland"Poetin bezoekt de opgebaarde Michail Gorbatsjov***Verder luisteren21 - Poetins rolmodel Tsaar Nicolaas I19 - Anne Applebaum: Poetin en de destabilisering van het Westen188 - De ondergang van de Sovjet-Unie: 1991, het jaar waarin Gorbatsjov in de afgrond staart en Poetin gemeenteambtenaar wordt253 - Poetins bizarre toespraak: hoe de president de geschiedenis van Oekraïne herschrijft354 - Eenzaamheid, machtsstrijd en repressie in het Russische rijk van Poetin, Stalin en tsaar Nicolaas II257 - Het machtige Rusland als mythe: hoe 'speciale militaire operaties' een fiasco werden258 - De kille vriendschap tussen Rusland en China248 - Oekraïne en de eeuwenoude vriendschap tussen Duitsland en Rusland346 - Alle Menschen werden Brüder!***Tijdlijn00:00:00 – Deel 100:34:33 - Deel 200:55:40 - Deel 301:19:16 - EindeZie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Today's Co-Hosts: Ben Criddle (@criddlebenjamin) Subscribe to the Cougar Sports with Ben Criddle podcast:Apple Podcastshttps://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddle/id996764363Google Podcastshttps://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc3ByZWFrZXIuY29tL3Nob3cvMTM2OTkzOS9lcGlzb2Rlcy9mZWVkSpotifyhttps://open.spotify.com/show/7dZvrG1ZtKkfgqGenR3S2mPocket Castshttps://pca.st/SU8aOvercasthttps://overcast.fm/itunes996764363/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddle-byuSpreakerhttps://www.spreaker.com/show/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddleStitcherhttps://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=66416iHeartRadiohttps://www.iheart.com/podcast/966-cougar-sports-with-29418022TuneInhttps://tunein.com/podcasts/Sports-Talk--News/Cougar-Sports-with-Ben-Criddle-p731529/

Happy Holidays all! This week we travel to Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day 1950. It's four in the morning when a policeman comes across a young couple huddled together in their car. Like another young couple a few millennia before, they tell him they have come to town, only to find no room left at the inn. Little does the officer know, but he'd stumbled across a theft hundreds of years in the making.    Sources Include:  As I couldn't find any books for this one, there were quite a few online articles - including.  A copy of a news report two days after the theft.  This ‘The National' article on the Battle of Culloden, and the genocide that followed, by Hamish McPherson This Smithsonian overview of the Scottish Independence movement by Meilan Solly A Britannica entry on the Stone of Scone A BBC Article (no author listed) on Alexander III of Scotland. The Stone of Destiny (History UK) by Ben Johnson A My Heritage page listing Tea Tephi This ‘Tomorrow's World' article on the Prophet Jeremiah and his alleged arrival in Ireland.   This University of Glasgow article on Ian Hamilton and the Removal of the Stone of Scone Another religious article (author not mentioned) about Jacob's Ladder, his pillow, and his stupid claim God promised him Gaza. This BBC article by Steven Brocklehurst about the Removal of the Stone of Scone This Royal UK piece on James II Support the show on Patreon for $2 US a month and get access to exclusive content, or Try our 7 Day Free Trial.  Please leave Tales a like and a review wherever you listen. The best way you can support us is to share an episode with a friend - Creative works grow best by word of mouth. I post episodes fortnightly, Wednesdays.   Tales of History and Imagination is on  | Facebook | Twitter | TikTok | Threads | Instagram | YouTube |    Music, writing, narration, mixing yours truly.     Visit Simone's  | About Me | Twitter | 

This is the Brothers last whiskey review episode of the year and they are finishing 2023 with a BANG. They taste and review Jack Daniel's Frank Sinatra select and The Dalmore King Alexander III. Will these reach the top score of being Epic whiskeys or will they fall short? Pull up a chair, pour yourself a dram and enjoy. A.J. and Eric sip on JD Frank Sinatra Select - 45% ABV and The Dalmore King Alexander III - 40% ABV

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1034, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Bogey Men 1: 1942:Bogart as bitter Rick Blaine runs a bar in north Africa, sweetheart. Casablanca. 2: 1941:Private dick Sam Spade seeks a priceless statuette. The Maltese Falcon. 3: 1948:Prospector Fred C. Dobbs really digs Mexico while facing bandits and greed. The Treasure of the Sierra Madre. 4: 1954:Crazy Captain Queeg faces rebellious sailors aboard ship. The Caine Mutiny. 5: 1954:Linus Larrabee becomes interested in the chauffeur's daughter. Sabrina. Round 2. Category: Money Talk 1: It's the regular payment made to support an ex-spouse. Alimony. 2: It's the money paid for the return of a kidnap victim. Ransom. 3: Of the 7 deadly sins, it's the one concerned with money. Greed (Avarice). 4: It's a formal gift of funds given by, for example, a government to a scientist to "cary" on with research. Grant. 5: From a Latin word for "booty", it's the payment you make to keep your booty insured. Premium. Round 3. Category: Spelling Casts 1: Tori Spelling,Shannen Doherty,Jason Priestley. Beverly Hills, 90210. 2: Andrew Shue,Thomas Calabro,Heather Locklear. Melrose Place. 3: Catherine Hicks,Jessica Biel,Stephen Collins. 7th Heaven. 4: John Forsythe,Heather Locklear,Joan Collins. Dynasty. 5: John Forsythe,David Doyle,Kate Jackson. Charlie's Angels. Round 4. Category: Before Finals 1: The final event in the Olympic decathlon is the 1,500 meters; right before that is throwing this spear. the javelin. 2: It was the next-to-last state to join the Union. Alaska. 3: It was the next-to-last Harry Potter novel. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. 4: Alexander III, who reigned from 1881 to 1894, was the next-to-last man to hold this post. the Czar of Russia. 5: In the calendar year, it's the penultimate federal holiday. Thanksgiving. Round 5. Category: Russellmania 1: In 1966 this All-Star player became the first African-American head coach in the NBA. Bill Russell. 2: Astronomers Henry Russell and Ejnar Hertzsprung devised a diagram displaying the luminosity of these. stars. 3: "The Analysis of Mind" and "Marriage and Morals" are books by this thinker, grandson of a British prime minister. Bertrand Russell. 4: Until 1931 members of this religious movement founded by Charles Russell were known as Russellites. Jehovah's Witnesses. 5: A collection of this New York Times columnist's work was titled "Poor Russell's Almanac". Russell Baker. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1034, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Bogey Men 1: 1942:Bogart as bitter Rick Blaine runs a bar in north Africa, sweetheart. Casablanca. 2: 1941:Private dick Sam Spade seeks a priceless statuette. The Maltese Falcon. 3: 1948:Prospector Fred C. Dobbs really digs Mexico while facing bandits and greed. The Treasure of the Sierra Madre. 4: 1954:Crazy Captain Queeg faces rebellious sailors aboard ship. The Caine Mutiny. 5: 1954:Linus Larrabee becomes interested in the chauffeur's daughter. Sabrina. Round 2. Category: Money Talk 1: It's the regular payment made to support an ex-spouse. Alimony. 2: It's the money paid for the return of a kidnap victim. Ransom. 3: Of the 7 deadly sins, it's the one concerned with money. Greed (Avarice). 4: It's a formal gift of funds given by, for example, a government to a scientist to "cary" on with research. Grant. 5: From a Latin word for "booty", it's the payment you make to keep your booty insured. Premium. Round 3. Category: Spelling Casts 1: Tori Spelling,Shannen Doherty,Jason Priestley. Beverly Hills, 90210. 2: Andrew Shue,Thomas Calabro,Heather Locklear. Melrose Place. 3: Catherine Hicks,Jessica Biel,Stephen Collins. 7th Heaven. 4: John Forsythe,Heather Locklear,Joan Collins. Dynasty. 5: John Forsythe,David Doyle,Kate Jackson. Charlie's Angels. Round 4. Category: Before Finals 1: The final event in the Olympic decathlon is the 1,500 meters; right before that is throwing this spear. the javelin. 2: It was the next-to-last state to join the Union. Alaska. 3: It was the next-to-last Harry Potter novel. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. 4: Alexander III, who reigned from 1881 to 1894, was the next-to-last man to hold this post. the Czar of Russia. 5: In the calendar year, it's the penultimate federal holiday. Thanksgiving. Round 5. Category: Russellmania 1: In 1966 this All-Star player became the first African-American head coach in the NBA. Bill Russell. 2: Astronomers Henry Russell and Ejnar Hertzsprung devised a diagram displaying the luminosity of these. stars. 3: "The Analysis of Mind" and "Marriage and Morals" are books by this thinker, grandson of a British prime minister. Bertrand Russell. 4: Until 1931 members of this religious movement founded by Charles Russell were known as Russellites. Jehovah's Witnesses. 5: A collection of this New York Times columnist's work was titled "Poor Russell's Almanac". Russell Baker. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

BYU Insider Mitch Harper caught up with BYU cornerback commit Therrian "Tre" Alexander III to discuss his commitment to the Cougars, where he stands with his recruitment and his plans for Signing Day. Subscribe to the Cougar Tracks Podcast! Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/cougar-tracks/id1146971609 Google Play: https://kslsports.com/category/podcast_results/?sid=2035&n=Cougar%20Tracks Download the KSL Sports app Google: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bonneville.kslsports&hl=en_US iOS: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ksl-sports/id1435930251

Alexander den store (356 f.v.t.- 323 f.v.t.), som var kung i Makedonien, skrev in sig i världshistorien genom att på några år erövra stormakten Persien. Med en blandning av hänsynslöshet och taktiskt geni nådde han ända fram till Indien, där hans män vägrade fortsätta.Alexander III utplånade städer som Thebe för att statuera ett exempel på vad som hände dem som inte underkastades sig honom utan motstånd. När han började anamma persiska seder blev hans män allt mer skeptiska. Hans död i Babylon är fortfarande höljd i mystik, men troligtvis söp han ihjäl sig bara 33 år gammal märkt av år i strid. Eller så kanske någon förgiftade honom eftersom de inte var sugna på ett planerat fälttåg till Arabien.I detta avsnitt av podden Historia Nu samtalar programledaren Urban Lindstedt med Daniel Hermansson, historiepoddare och historielärare aktuell med boken De kom, de såg, de segrade : vad antikens fältherrar lär oss om makten och människan.Alexander den store var son till kung Filip II av Makedonien och drottning Olympias från Epirus. Han växte upp i en tid när Makedonien lade sig under de grekiska stadsstaterna i en kultur av våld och machokultur. Han fick en omfattande utbildning med bland annat den berömda filosofen Aristoteles som lärare. Alexander blev en analytisk och strategisk tänkare, vilket senare skulle bli avgörande för hans militära framgångar.Alexander visade tidigt tecken på militär skicklighet genom att delta i sin fars krigståg. När Filip mördades 336 f.Kr., blev Alexander efter en kort maktkamp hans efterträdare. Han inledde sin regering med att föra krig mot thrakiska stammar söder om Donau. Upproret i Grekland, som utgick från Thebe, tvingade honom att avbryta fälttåget. När han hade besegrat upproret, jämnades Thebe med marken i avskräckande syfte.Efter att ha säkrat sin ställning i Grekland, vände Alexander sin uppmärksamhet österut mot det persiska riket. Han korsade Hellesponten med en armé på cirka 40 000 män i maj 334 f.Kr. Den första drabbningen ägde rum vid Granikos, där det persiska försvaret besegrades. Alexander erövrade sedan de grekiska städerna vid mindre asiatiska kusten och förde sin armé till Anatoliens högland.Slutstriden mellan Alexander och den persiske kungen Dareios III ägde rum vid Gaugamela på ett slättområde vid Tigris övre lopp under hösten 331 f.Kr. Trots att den persiska armén var mångdubbelt större, kunde Alexander, genom sin strategi, totalt utmanövrera den persiska armén. Dareios drog sig tillbaka till det iranska höglandet, där han senare mördades av sina egna. Förstörelsen av palatset i Persepolis markerade slutpunkten på denna del av Alexanders fälttåg.Senare vände Alexander sin uppmärksamhet österut mot Indusdalen, som bara formellt hade stått under persisk överhöghet. Han besegrade den indiska kungen Poros vid Hydaspes 326 f.Kr. men lät sedan denne fortsätta sin regering som lydkung.Alexander dog plötsligt 323 f.Kr. i Babylon efter en kort sjukdom – det finns också omständigheter som tyder på att han förgiftades.Omslag: Alexander den store. Bär inskriptionen: "Alexander [den store], son till Filip, [kung av] Makedonien." Kopia av den kejserliga romerska eran (1:a eller 2:a århundradet e.Kr.) av en bronsskulptur gjord av Lysippos. Finns i Tivoli, öster om Rom, Italien. Wikipedia, public DomainMusik: Ancient Empires And Civilizations av MEDIA MUSIC GROUP, Storyblocks audioLyssna också på Pyrrhos – på fel sida i historien i kampen om världsherraväldet.Klippare: Emanuel Lehtonen Vill du stödja podden och samtidigt höra ännu mer av Historia Nu? Gå med i vårt gille genom att klicka här: https://plus.acast.com/s/historianu-med-urban-lindstedt. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Here at After Alexander, we go through the narrative of the Hellenistic Era chronologically without a focus on individual stories. However, if you feel like listening to a funny, well-sourced show which focuses on individual monarchs' stories, feel free to listen to the Alexander Standard. Taking after the Rex Factor started in 2010, the Alexander Standard ranks all the successors to Alexander III of Macedon from Perdiccas to Cleopatra VII. If you want a different take on the same story, feel free to give them a listen! They can be found on: Gmail: alexanderstandardpodcast@gmail.com Twitter: @AlexStandardPod Facebook: The Alexander Standard Podcast Instagram: @alexanderstandardpod

Welcome back to Master Your Ash, I'm reviewing the El Septimo The Emperor Collection Alexander III Cigar. Please like, subscribe and comment below so I can feature more commodities of civilization and pair your passion! ************************************ @00:30 Into: El Septimo The Emperor Collection Alexander III @01:00 First-Third @03:45 Pairing With Trader Joe's Boozy Macaroons @06:30 Overall Impression @07:55 Thank You For Watching *********************************** Products I Use Camera https://amzn.to/3srjN0a Rabbit Air Minus A3 Air Filter https://amzn.to/3du0vSe NeedOne 23L Humidor with Heating & Cooling https://amzn.to/3NFebbh Sistema Tupperdor https://amzn.to/3wzckgd Xikar VX2 V-Cut https://amzn.to/3swK5Lf Xikar XK1 Single Torch Lighter https://amzn.to/40dX1Yj Xikar Soft Flame Pipe/Cigar Lighter https://amzn.to/3Dh3LKT Soft Flame/Torch Dual Lighter https://amzn.to/3iO8hq9 Turtle Ashtray https://amzn.to/3pjhtGM Antique Ashtray https://amzn.to/3hOUboT Toppin Air Purifier https://amzn.to/3u13QuC Cigar Rights of America https://www.cigarrights.org/ *********************************** Like, Subscribe for future content and support Master Your Ash: YOUTUBE: https://youtube.com/masteryourash RUMBLE: https://rumble.com/c/MasterYourAsh BITCHUTE: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/a06ws7N5WYga/ INSTAGRAM: https://instagram.com/masteryourash WEBSITE: https://masteryourash.com/#ElSeptimoCigar #ElSeptimoAlexanderCigar #ElSeptimoCigars --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/masteryourash/support

Frederick II of Prussia, like the Era of the Enlightenment in which he lived, was torn about warfare: was it to be humanised, or was it to be perfected? As king he favoured the latter, earning the respect of contemporaries as the greatest strategist of his age. Frederick in his youth thought Machiavelli's instructions for princes morally reprehensible, and as a king surrounded himself with great moral philosophers, including, famously, Voltaire. But Frederick saw it as his duty, as that of any monarch, to increase the territorial possessions of his dynasty, even by war, irrespective of just causes. One of the last monarchs who was his own commander-in-chief on his military campaigns, he was also a crafty political strategist, wresting Silesia away from Empress Maria Theresia yet persuading her to colluding with him (and Catherine II of Russia) in the partition of Poland. Dr Adam Storring helps us understand this complicated man, who like Xerxes and Alexander III before him, was obsessed with outdoing and outshining his father. A Cambridge man, Dr Storring was awarded the André Corvisier Prize for the worldwide Best Dissertation on Military History in 2019. His publications include works on Frederick the Great, including in the forthcoming Cambridge History of Strategy (2024). He teaches at the Department of War Studies, King's College London.

Alexander III of Macedon posed as the ‘Son of Zeus', but followed the advice of his biological father, King Philip II, to get out of Macedon and “seek a kingdom equal to yourself”. Between 336 and 323 BC, Alexander the Great created the largest empire the Middle East had known. Macedonian expansionism had begun under Philip II, with his son Alexander II picking up and honing the armed forces created by his father. But where Philip's strategic aims were to dominate all of Greece and Western Asia Minor, Alexander's sight was set on bringing the Persian Empire to heel. And as he moved from sieges and massacres to battle after victorious battle, his ambitions grew further – the conquest of Afghanistan and India. How did he keep his Macedonian and Greek companions motivated? Without him to lead, they did not know how to get back? Dr Andrew Fear, Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of Manchester, joins Paul and Beatrice to tell us about the strategies of Alexander. An Oxonian, he has a spate of publications on Alexander and on warfare in Antiquity, with contributions to the Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Warfare (CUP 2007) and to the forthcoming Cambridge History of Strategy, co-edited by Beatrice, and Isabelle Duyvesteyn. He is co-editor with Dr Jamie Wood of A Companion to Isidore of Seville (Brill, 2015).

Ben Criddle talks BYU sports every weekday from 3 to 7 pm.Today's Co-Hosts: Ben Criddle (@criddlebenjamin)Subscribe to the Cougar Sports with Ben Criddle podcast:Apple Podcastshttps://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/cougar-sports-with-ben-criddle/id99676

Last time we spoke about the Gapsin Coup. Li Hongzhang snipped the bud of war before it could bloom after the Imo uprising and the Daewongun stole back power in Korea. The Daewongun was spanked and sent into exile yet again, but now Korea had become greatly factionalized. The progressives and conservatives were fighting bitterly to set Korea on a Japanese or Chinese path to modernization. This led radicals like Kim Ok-kyun to perform the Gapsin coup which was terribly planned and failed spectacularly. Japan and China were yet again tossed into a conflict in Korea, but China firmly won the day for she had more forces to bear. Japan licked her wounds and went home, learning a bitter lesson. That lesson was: next time bring more friends to the party.   #48 This episode is the Assasination of Kim Ok-kyun & the Donghak Rebellion   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War.   Now despite the Gapsin coup, Japan and China still tried to cooperate against the west. But Japan was learning much from the outside world, particularly by the actions of imperialistic nations. Britain had begun large scale operations in Shanghai, developing the international settlement there. King Leopold of belgium established the Congo Free state of 1862, and likewise France and Britain were also establishing colonies all over Africa. The Dutch held Java, but then they invaded Aceh in Sumatra in 1873 and other parts of Indonesia after that. The Russians were taking large swathes of land including Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, parts of the Sakhalin, even territory close to Korea in the region of Priamur. Once the ports of Wonsan and Inchon were opened up, Japanese manufactured goods began to pour in. By 1893 91 percent of imports into Korea would be from Japan while 8 percent would be from China. While China tried to keep Japan out, the Meiji restoration had created an industrial powerhouse that made goods, and China had not managed this herself. Of Korea, 49 percent went to China and 50 percent went to Japan. In the eyes of Koreans, even though she was not formally a colony of Japan, the way the Japanese were behaving looked imperialistic.  Now in 1886 the Beiyang Fleet was responsible for protecting China's northern coastline and she would make a fateful call to Nagasaki. The purpose of this call was to show off her 4 new modern battleships she had purchased from Germany, the Dingyuan, Zhenyuan, Jiyuan and Weiyuan. These ships were far larger than anything Japan had at the time, a large reason because Japan was following the Jeune Ecole naval strategy. This strategy was developed by France basically to combat the British royal navy. It emphasized using small rapid assault craft, cruisers and destroyers to thwart the might of capital ships like battleships. For my fellow world of warship players, the idea was simple, instead of slamming money into large battleships to fight other large battleships, the French began to experiment more with the capability of torpedo technology. With faster, smaller ships, the French thought they could be used more like raiders, to attack the enemy and cripple them. The Jeune ecole doctrine also sought to use strongly armed fast ships, thus its kind of a glass cannon situation. Anyways the implicit message from China was to show Japan how foolish they would be to go to war with her. On August 13th, 500 Chinese sailors took a shore leave in Nagasaki and they went to the local red-light district. As you can imagine, one thing led to another and some altercations began with the locals. The locals claimed the Chinese sailors got drunk and starting causing havoc, regardless the Chinese sailors began fighting some Japanese cops apparently using swords they bought at some stores. One source I found says over 80 people died during this which is pretty nuts. The next day a conference was held by the governor of Nagasaki, Kusaka Yoshio and the Qing consulate Xuan Cai which led to an agreement the Beiyang navy would prohibit their men from going ashore for a day. Then on August 15th at 1pm, 300 Chinese sailors went ashore, some wielding clubs apparently and they attacked 3 police officers killing one. A rickshaw saw the conflict and tried to punch a CHinese sailor, and this all snowballed into a riot. More cops showed up, more fighting, and this led to the deaths of 2 more cops, 3 sailors and more than 50 wounded. It was a real shit show, and the Qing decided not to apologize for the ordeal. In fact the Qing made demands to the Japanese government that from then on Japanese cops would not prohibit Chinese from wielding swords and forced the Japanese to make a large sum of reparation payments.  Now aside from the drunken debauchery, which in the grand scheme of things was not much of a deal, the real deal was the Japanese reaction to the Beiyang fleet. When the Japanese saw the Dingyuan, they basically went 100% in on the Jeune D'ecole doctrine to counter it. They IJN immediately decided to construct 3 large cruisers with firepower identical to the Dingyuan, basically this meant they were making battleship killers. While Japan was aggressively modernizing and pouring a ton of money into their navy by the late 1880s, in China the reconstruction of the summer palace was taking enormous sums of funding. The marble boat pavilion, as I mentioned, was taking funds intended for the Beiyang fleet thanks to empress dowager Cixi and thus no major investments would be made for the Qing navy in the last 1880's and early 1890s. To give more of an idea, 1/10th of the salaries of for civil officials and military officers in Japan was being deducted to add additional funding for the construction of naval ships and purchase of arms, Japan was not messing around. Now something that often goes more unnoticed is Japan's early efforts at gaining intelligence on China. Despite the Sino-Japanese relations falling apart because of the Korea situation, trade between China and Japan was growing in the 1880s. Japanese businessmen expected trade with China to only increase and in preparation for the expansion they began collecting information of Chinese market opportunities. But for those who know a bit about Meiji era Japan, the Zaibatsu driven system meant private business went hand in hand with the government of Japan and this led the Japanese government to ask the businessmen to look at other things in China. What sort of things, military installations, military dockyards, everything military. In 1879 Katsura Taro took a trip to China with 10 Japanese observers to survey Chinese military facilities. He would publish a book describing Chinese military bases, weapons and organization in 1881 and that book would be revised in 1882 and 1889. By the time of 1894, the Japanese military had access to detailed information about China's geography, her economy, her railways, roads, ports, installations, the whole shebang, thanks to Japanese journalists and businessmen. Of course amongst all of these were full blown Japanese spies, but for the most part China did not do enough due diligence to hide its military capabilities. Rather ironically, the Japanese businessmen who opposed military actions and just wanted to help develop China contributed a lot of information that would hurt China. On the other side of the coin, chinese reports about Japan were a complete 180. China's consul general in Nagasaki wrote reports on the ships coming and going within Nagasaki harbor. Alongside him, the Chinese ambassador to Tokyo, Li Shuchang who served from 1881-1884 and 1887-1890 sent some warnings about developments in Korea. Other than those two, Japan attracted virtually no interest from Beijing. Just before the war would break out in 1894, the Chinese ambassador to Tokyo Wang Fengcao, reported to Beijing that the Japanese were so obsessed with internal politics they were unlikely to be active externally. I think its interesting to point out, while Japan was indeed building up its IJA/IJN, she never stopped pointing that gun at Russia. China and Japan right up to the conflict we will be talking about had its tensions, its conflicts, its escalations, but they never gave up the chance at cooperation against the west. Take a legendary figure like Yamagata Aritomo, who led the development of the IJA and was the head of the Japanese privy council. In 1893 he publicly stated Japan should cooperate with China against their main enemies, Russia, France and Britain. Despite all the tensions in Korea, vast amounts of Japanese and Chinese scholars who studied the causes of the first sino-japanese war, came to agree it would not have occurred if not for two key events. The first one is a assassination and the second is a rebellion. In early 1894, Kim Ok-kyun was invited to visit Li Hongzhang in Shanghai. After living nearly a decade in fear of assassination, he accepted the invitation, perhaps believing this was his only chance to reclaim normality in his life. Well unbeknownst to him another Korean acquaintance of his named Hong Jong-u had actually gone to Japan in 1893 trying to hunt him down and he found out about the voyage. A source claims Hong Jong-u was working for King Gojong and went to Japan befriending him, while trying to lure him back over to Shanghai. Regardless Hong Jong-u got aboard and murdered Kim Ok-gyun by shooting him on March the 27th. Hong Jong-u was arrested by British authorities in Shanghai for his crime, but in accordance with their treaty obligations they surrendered the assassin over to Qing authorities for trial. The Qing instead freed him, whereupon he became quite the celebrity for his actions. Hong Jong-u would return to Korea and would be appointed to a high office position, giving credence to the theory he was working for King Gojong the entire time. When Kim Ok-kyun's body arrived to Korea it was shrouded in some cloth bearing the inscription “Ok-kyun, arch rebel and heretic”. On april 14th, King Gojong ordered the body decapitated, so the head could be displayed in Seoul while 8 other body parts would be sent to each of Korea's 8 provinces to be showcased likewise. His severed body parts were showcased in various cities in Korea to display what happens to those who commit treason. Kim Ok'kyun's father was hanged and his brother, wife and daughter were all imprisoned. Under Korean practice at this time it was common practice for the family of the guilty to be punished as well, that's some hardcore stuff there folks. The wife and daughter would become slaves to the governmental offices, a standard punishment for the female household members of rebels. It was during this time one of Kim Ok-kyun's traveling companions, a Chinese linguist for the legation in Tokyo claimed to reporters that Kim Ok-kyun had come to Shanghai by invitation from Lord Li Jingfang, the former minister at Tokyo and adopted son of Li Hongzhang.    The Japanese public was outraged. Japanese newspapers interpreted all of this to mean Viceroy Li Hongzhang had planned the whole thing. It was also alleged Li Hongzhang had sent a congratulatory telegram to the Korean government for the assassination. Many others pointed towards King Gojong since the assassin claimed to be under direct orders from the king. Kim Ok-kyun had been a guest in Japan and the Qing authorities had seemingly done nothing to protect him and made no attempt to bring the assassin to justice. The Qing had likewise handed over the corpse, knowing full well what the Koreans would do to it, as was their custom for treason. From the Japanese point of view, the Qing had gone out of their way to insult the Japanese in every possible manner. From the Chinese point of view, Kim Ok-kyun had committed high treason and deserved his fate.  Fukuzawa Yukichi led a funeral ceremony held in Tokyo at Aoyama Cemetery for Kim Ok-kyun. He had taught the man, and spoke in his honor reflecting Japan's respect for his efforts to modernize Korea. The Japanese press began to fill with public calls for a strong national response. The Chinese reaction during this time period reflected their deep-seated prejudices concerning the Japanese. Even with official communications, the Qing routinely referred to the Japanese as ‘Woren” which is a racist term meaning Japanese Dwarf basically. Wo is the word for dwarf, and the link to the Japanese was a racial term emerged during the times the Japanese were pirating the waters around China's coast, the “wokou”. By the way do not use this word today to refer to Japanese haha. During the upcoming war a Qing official expressed these types of racial attitudes, that this quote for example "It took them 48,000 years before they made contact with China, while in 3,600 years they still have not accepted our celestial calendar...illegitimately assuming the reign title of Meiji (Enlightened Rule), they in reality abandon themselves all the more to debauchery and indolence. Falsely calling their new administration a 'reformation' they only defile themselves so much the more." One Captain William M Lang, a British officer who helped train the Beiyang Squadron of the Qing fleet from 1881 to 1890 had noted this about the Chinese and Japanese. "treated Japan with the utmost contempt, and Japan, for her part, has the same feeling towards China." One German military advisor in China said “The Chinese looked upon Japan as a traitor towards Asia”. Thus before the war broke out, the Chinese for the most part considered the Japanese to be another inferior neighboring people, below the status of a tributary since Japan had severed that link to China. The more tense the situation got between the two nations saw the Chinese viewing the Japanese with more contempt. They would ridicule the Japanese for the communal bathing habits, the attire of their women and the way they imitated western culture. The Japanese as you might guess resented this a lot.  In 1891 Alexander III issued a special imperial rescript announcing Russia's intention to build a trans-siberian railway. From the Japanese point of view, this amounted to a foreign policy manifesto equivalent to the monroe doctrine of the united states. Just as America had kicked out all other powers from the Americas, so to it seemed Russia would do the same with the Asian mainland. For the great Meiji leadership of Japan, it looked like Russia would seize control over Korea and thwart Japan's dreams of empire and the ever coveted status of a great power that came with it. Once the trans-siberian railway was announced the Japanese knew they had roughly a decade to resolve the Korea situation before the balance of power would be irrevocably changed and the door would be shut upon them. Yet as bad as the situation was for Japan it was even worse for China. The trans-siberian railway would allow the Russians to deploy troops along the Chinese border in areas that would prove difficult for the Chinese to do the same as they did not have a major railway. On top of this Japan was pursuing an increasingly aggressive foreign policy focused on the Korean peninsula. Qing strategists had long considered Korea a essential buffer for their defenses. With the Russians pushing from the west and the Japanese from the east, Li Hongzhang was hard pressed to take a more aggressive stance in Korea. Now as I said, two major reasons were attributed to the outbreak of the first sino-japanese war, the first being the assassination of Kim Ok-kyun, the second is known as the Tonghak rebellion. I can't go to far into the rabbit hole, but the Tonghak movement began around 1860 as a sort of religion, emphasizing salvation and providing rituals to achieve this. It was much akin to the Taiping Rebellion, a sect that was deeply upset with a corrupt government. It was formed by a poor member of the Yangban class whose father had been a local village scholar and it was largely created to give hope to the poor class. It had some roman catholicism and western learning associated with it, again very much like the Taiping. The peasantry class of Korea found this sect very appealing and the Tonghak influence was particularly strong in Cholla province, the breadbasket of Korea. Members of the sect were angry that corrupt Joseon officials in Seoul were imposing high taxes on them. The leaders of the sect were all poor peasants who, because of their inability to pay their taxes, had either lost their land or were about to lose their land. Their leader was Choe Jeu who described the founding of the Tonghak religion as such  “By 1860, I heard rumours that the people of the West worship God, and caring not for wealth, conquer the world, building temples and spreading their faith. I was wondering whether I, too, could do such a thing. On an April day, my mind was unnerved and my body trembled... Suddenly a voice could be heard. I rose and asked who he was. "Do not fear nor be scared! The people of the world call me Hanulnim. How do you not know me?" Said Hanul. I asked the reason he had appeared to me. "...I made you in this world so that you could teach my holy word to the people. Do not doubt my word!" Hanulnim replied. "Do you seek to teach the people with Christianity?" I asked again. "No. I have a magical talisman... use this talisman and save the people from disease, and use this book to teach the people to venerate me!" The Joseon Dynasty quickly banned the religion and executed its leader in 1864 for “tricking and lying to the foolish people”.  Regardless the tonghak spread across Gyeongsang province by the 1870's under new leadership. However in the 1870's the rice agriculture in Korea had become increasingly commercialized as Japanese merchants bought more and more of it to ship back to Japan. Korea was not producing enough to meet the needs of its own population as a result. Japanese merchants would begin to lend money to local Korean peasants and when the peasants could not repay the funds, the rice merchants confiscated their land. This obviously was seen as dishonest and exploitative, as it was and the Tonghak gradually became very anti-Japanese. The Tonghaks performed a series of lesser rebellions against excessive taxation. There were revolts in 1885, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892 and 1893. By the 1890's the Donhak's began a petition to overturn the 1863 execution of Choe Jeu, to stop the ban on them, to expel all western missionaries and merchants and to kill corrupt officials, a tall order. So yeah King Gojong did not want to give in to such reasonable petitions and told them “go to your home, If you do, I may grant your plea”. A lot of the Tonghak wanted to march on Seoul, and they began threatening westerners and Japanese. Soon a group of over 80,000 Donghak believers led by a southern leader named Jeon Bongjun began marching with flags stating “expel westerners and Japanese”. Now this is a really confusing a large scale event, one of if not the biggest rebellion in Korean history. One thing to focus on though is that a particularly oppressive county magistrate named Jo Byeonggap in Northern Cholla, seemed to have provided the “straw that broke the camel's back”. The magistrate had forced young men to work on a water reservoir and then charged them and their families for use of the water. He overly taxed, fined peasants for dubious crimes including infidelity, lack of harmony, adultery and needless talents, no idea how that last one works out. He also sent spoiled rice sacks to Seoul while keeping unspoiled sacks from himself. Basically this guy was an embezzling scumbag, by today's standards we would refer to him as a member of the US congress.  By march 22nd tens of thousands of Tonghak rebels destroyed the new reservoir, burnt down the governmental offices and some storage facilities in northern Cholla. They then occupied Taein by April 1st, and a few days later Buan. The local Joseon government sent commander Yi Yeonghyo with 700 soldiers and 600 merchants to quell the rebellion only to be lured into an ambush at the Hwangto pass. Many of the troops were killed, some deserted and the Tonghak rebellion spread further north. King Gojong panicked, because news spread the rebels were being joined not only by countryside peasants but by many of his soldiers! Worried that the Joseon military would not be able to quell the rebellion King Gojong called upon his Qing allies to send reinforcements.  Now there are two narratives that come into play. The first involved the Qing responding quickly, on June the 7th following the Tianjin treaty's requirements that if one country sent troops to Korea the other had to be notified, they informed Japan they were sending 2000 troops to Inchon. The Japanese leaders, having bitterly remembered what occurred the last time they sent a smaller force into Korea did not make the same mistake this time. Within just hours of receiving the notification they dispatched 8000 troops to Korea and notified China of this. The other narrative has it that on june 2nd the Japanese cabinet decided to deploy troops to Korea should China do so. On june the 3rd, King Gojong under advice of Empress Min and Yuan Shikai requested the Qing aid. In doing so he gave Japan the rationale to deploy their own troops. On June 5th the first Imperial headquarters was established and the next day the ministeries of the IJA and IJN instructed the Japanese press to not print any information concerning warlike operations. China notified Japan on june th of their deployments, and within hours the Japanese sent their notifications for the same. There is evidence many Japanese leaders accused China of not sending the notification thus breaching the treaty of Tianjin, but it seems highly likely they did send the notification. Regardless what is a fact is that Japan had already been pre planning its deployment during the end of May, thus it all seemed a likely rationale to start a conflict. This conflict would change the balance of power in asia, and begin a feud between two nations that still burns strongly to this very day. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. The endless conflicts between China, Japan and little Korea had finally sprung a large scale war, one that would change the balance of power in the east forever. Little brother was going to fight big brother.  

From Persia to India to Greece – they called him The Great – that is Alexander the Great. Also known as Alexander III of Macedon, he was one of the most successful military leaders of all time. Undefeated by the time of his death in 323 BCE, he is still a go-to figure when people want to define an empire builder. But how should we view this often cruel and destructive militarist today in the light of current world events? And, despite his brutality, like his ransacking of the beautiful capital city of Persepolis, is there a more progressive side to Alexander, his desire for cultural assimilation for instance, that explains why he became an inspiration not just to nationalists and imperialists but also to writers, poets, and the gay community? To discuss the relevance of Alexander the Great today, Rana Mitter is joined by James Romm, Professor of Classics at Bard College in New York state whose latest book is Demetrius: Sacker of Cities, the failed but would-be successor to Alexander the Great; Dr Haila Manteghi from the University of Münster in Germany who's the author of Alexander the Great in the Persian tradition; Ali Ansari, Professor of Iranian History at the University of St Andrews in the UK; and Meg Finlayson, a specialist on the evolution of the queer Alexander, from the University of Durham in the UK. Produced by Anne Khazam for the BBC World Service. (Photo: The Alexander mosaic, a Roman floor mosaic from Pompei that dates from circa 100 BCE. Credit: Simone Crespiatico via Getty images)

Die Reise durch die Zarenzeit endet. Autor: Simon Sebag Montefiore Titel: The Romanovs - The Story of Russia and its Empire 1613-1918 Verlag: Knopf 2READ 161 - Mitternachtssymphonie 2READ 105 - Die drei Sonnen Verfilmung von Cixin-Liu-Trilogie [heise.de] Toot von Toby Tweet von Simon Sebag Montefiore Konstantin Pawlowitsch Romanow [wikipedia, de] Nikolaus I. (Russland) [wikipedia, de] Alexander von Benckendorf [wikipedia, de] Buggery im Cambridge Buggery Victoria (Vereinigtes Königreich) [wikipedia, de] Moses Montefiore [wikipedia, de] Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich [wikipedia, de] Revolutionen 1848/1849 [wikipedia.de] Fjodor Michailowitsch Dostojewski [wikipedia, de] Catherine Dolgorukova [wikipedia, en] Russischer Nihilismus [wikipedia, de] Alexander I. (Bulgarien) [wikipedia, de] Sergei Juljewitsch Witte [wikipedia, de] Alix von Hessen-Darmstadt [wikipedia, de] Alexander III. (Russland) [wikipedia, de] Nikolaus II. (Russland) [wikipedia, de] Katastrophe bei den Krönungsfeierlichkeiten des Kaisers Nikolaus II [wikipedia, de] Hierophant [wikipedia, de] Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark [wikipedia, en] Haemophilia in European royalty [wikipedia, en] Link zu Google Books 2READ 160 - She Has Her Mother's Laugh Russian frigate Shtandart [wikipedia, en] Russian yacht Standart [wikipedia, en] Protokolle der Weisen von Zion [wikipedia, de] Hoaxilla #198 – ‚Die Protokolle der Weisen von Zion‘ Grigori Jefimowitsch Rasputin [wikipedia, de] Boney M. - Rasputin [youtube.de] Kodak Brownie [wikipedia, en] Kompromat [wikipedia, de] Sykes-Picot-Abkommen [wikipedia, de] 2READ 145 - Die Macht der Geographie Jewgeni Wiktorowitsch Prigoschin [wikipedia, de] Ermordung der Zarenfamilie [wikipedia, de]

Tsar Alexander II of Russia is assassinated in March 1881. He was probably the most liberal of all tsars of Russia, but succeeded by reactionary leaders Alexander III and then Nicholas II. Nicholas unwisely provokes Japan into a war, and is defeated, which is a catalyst for an attempted revolution in Russia in 1905www.patreon.com/historyeuropewww.historyeurope.netMusic composed by Petr Tchaikovsky (Symphony nr 6 in B Minor)Picture - Russian battleship Oslyabya, the first warship sunk in the battle of Tsushima /Bombardment during the siege of Port Arthur Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Did Alexander the Great and the Queen of the Amazons really have sex for 13 days solid? What do we know about his male lovers? And how did his sex life stand up to that of his dad's?Kate is joined by The Ancients' Tristan Hughes to find out about Alexander III of Macedon's time Betwixt the Sheets. *WARNING there are adult words and themes in this episode* Produced by Charlotte Long and Sophie Gee. Mixed by Sophie Gee. Betwixt the Sheets: The History of Sex, Scandal & Society. A podcast by History Hit. For more History Hit content, subscribe to our newsletters here. If you'd like to learn even more, we have hundreds of history documentaries, ad-free podcasts, and audiobooks at History Hit - subscribe today! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Travel to San Sebastian in the Basque Country of Spain with us. This is Lyle's favourite (or one of) Spanish cities - San Sebastian. We first take you on the scenic five hour train trip from Barcelona. The first thing we saw was the stunning Maria Cristina Bridge that is modelled on the Alexander III bridge in Paris. After we find our apartment we head to the famous surfing beach called Zuriolla Beach, to a surf competition in progress. Listen as we take you up a very steep funicular from Ondaretta Beach to an old casino where the rich and famous used to visit. It is now luxury accommodation. Also on top of this mountain we take you on a very scary roller coaster ride. Of course we share the stunning views of La Concha beach and Isla Santa Clara while walking along what is known as the most beautiful urban beach in Europe. We climb up the top of Mount Urgull where there is a castle with a museum, a fort and a 12 metre (40 foot) statue of Jesus Christ. You can hear how we wandered around the old town and how Lyle nearly bought some “bumless” pants. Next we explore the old town of San Sebastian where the houses still have the numbers from the boxes from the old bullring. The old town in San Sebastian has the highest concentration of bars in the world. We wander through the streets drooling over the pintxos on display. We describe how you eat and pay for pintxos and which are the most popular ones. You will hear how San Sebastian has the highest concentration of Michelin Starred restaurants per square metre in the world. The locals say that San Sebastian is the food capital of the planet. Lyle then tells you the fascinating story of how Michelin Stars came into existence - and it is a great story - and probably not what you think. Lastly we tell you some of the other things San Sebastian is famous for and why some of the Hollywood A-listers love visiting in September - to attend the San Sebastian International Film Festival. Of course we finish with our favourite places to have a glass of wine in San Sebastian. You can read the show notes and see all the pictures here. Or visit our website at www.beachtravelwine.com --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/leanne-mccabe/message

In 336 B.C., Alexander III of Macedon succeeded his father, Philip II, in becoming king of Greece at the age of twenty.[1] Alexander was not content to rule Greece. By age thirty, he had conquered so many nations that his rule extended from Greece to northwestern India. Alexander was undefeated in battle and is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. No wonder he was called Alexander the Great. But did you know that Alexander was tutored until the age of 16 by the Greek philosopher Aristotle? --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/reveration/support

Welcome to the twenty-first episode of “We Effed Up,” where we discuss Scotland, England, and why you just can't rush romance.SourcesBrown, Michael. The Wars of Scotland, 1214-1371. Edinburgh U. Press, Edinburgh, 2004.Campbell, Marion. Alexander III, King of Scots. House of Lochar, Edinburgh, 1999.Lynch, Michael. Scotland: A New History. Edinburgh U. Press, Edinburgh, 1991.Maxwell, Herbert, ed. 1909. “Chronicle of Lancercost.” The Scottish Historical Review, Vol. 6, no. 184.Webster, Bruce. Medieval Scotland: The Making of an Identity. St. Martin's Press, Edinburgh, 1997.Woolf, Alex. From Pictland to Alba, 789-1070. Edinburgh U. Press, Edinburgh, 2007. Our GDPR privacy policy was updated on August 8, 2022. Visit acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dr. Eben Alexander III - After decades as a physician and teacher at Harvard Medical School and elsewhere, renowned academic neurosurgeon Dr. Eben Alexander thought he knew how the brain, mind, and consciousness worked. A transcendental Near-Death Experience (NDE) during a week-long coma from an inexplicable brain infection changed all of that – completely. Memories of his life had been completely deleted, yet he awoke with memories of a fantastic odyssey deep into another realm – more real than this earthly one!Since his 2008 NDE he has been reconciling his rich spiritual experience with contemporaryphysics and cosmology. We are conscious in spite of our brain. By probing deeply into our own consciousness, we transcend the limits of the human brain, and of the physical-material realm. His story offers a crucial key to the understanding of reality and human consciousness. A pioneering scientist and thought leader in consciousness studies, Dr. Alexander has been a guest on Dr. Oz, Oprah, and many other media programs. His books, Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon's Journey into the Afterlife and The Map of Heaven: How Science, Religion, and Ordinary People Are Proving the Afterlife, have collectively spent more than two years atop the New York Times and international bestseller lists.

Aveen speaks with Dr. Eben Alexander. Eben Alexander III is an American neurosurgeon and author. His book Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon's Journey into the Afterlife describes his near-death experience that happened in 2008 under medically-induced coma when treated for meningitis. Here are some of the resources Dr. Alexander references in our discussion: http://ebenalexander.com https://www.sacredacoustics.com Unitedinhopeandhealing.com

Join us on this episode where we drink a truly high end whisky.  Along the way we talk about ballers, double ballers, Mr. Rogers neighborhood, and the beginning of Spring.  On WWN we read an article about the whiskey industry reaching women and on WWWYC we ask.  

Retired Police Chief of the Pensacola Police Department, Pastor of Jesus Holy Tabernacle Church in Pensacola, and husband with two adult children, David Alexander III joins us on the podcast this week. Wow! He is so soft-spoken yet willing to speak up for Jesus and what He has done, is doing, and has yet to do in his life. I am so grateful for this conversation. He was so kind to do this interview with us. I pray this conversation is an encouragement to you to use your position, no matter what it is, to broadcast God's love.

Alexander III av Makedonien, vanligtvis känd som Alexander den store, är troligtvis den antika världens mest välkända person. Detta var även fallet under själva antiken och hans fälttåg mot perserriket skulle komma att få en närmast mytologisk status. Men mitt i allt detta har personen Alexander en förmåga att förpassas till skuggorna. I två delar kommer vi att närstudera personen Alexander. Vad var det som drev honom och hur påverkades han av sina gärningar? I denna andra del fokuserar vi på Alexanders fälttåg mot perserriket och hur han hanterade både framgång och motgång i en värld som hade en väldigt bestämd uppfattning om hur en kung skulle bete sig.

Before he was Alexander the Great, conqueror of empires, he was Alexander III — son of Philip, student of Aristotle, and precocious prince who would become a king when he was barely past his teenage years.   Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Alexander III av Makedonien, vanligtvis känd som Alexander den store, är troligtvis den antika världens mest välkända person. Detta var även fallet under själva antiken och hans fälttåg mot perserriket skulle komma att få en närmast mytologisk status. Men mitt i allt detta har personen Alexander en förmåga att förpassas till skuggorna. I två delar kommer vi att närstudera personen Alexander. Vad var det som drev honom och hur påverkades han av sina gärningar? I denna första del fokuserar vi på Alexanders liv innan fälttåget, alltså hans uppväxt hemma i Makedonien och hans första stapplande steg på den geopolitiska scenen.

This week we discuss the sinking of the Russian monitor Rusalka in 1893, leading us eventually to one of the most unique shipwrecks of all those we've covered so far.  **correction**- Towards the end of the episode Tanner mistakenly says that Rusalka sank during the reign of Nicholas II; he did not become Tsar until 1896. Rusalka sank during the reign of his father Alexander III.This error was made presumably because Tanner does not respect the Romanov monarchy.*Originally released 12/6/21; edited and re-uploaded 2/27/22Sources:"Battleships Rusalka and Charodeika." Rustrana, 11 Oct 2007. Chikin, V.O. "The Mystery of the Disappearance of the Rusalka."  Priroda, 2004, no. 4. Delgado, J. "The Wreck of the Mermaid." Archaeology, 2008, vol. 61, no. 5. Nikonov, A.  "Rusalka Found!" Priroda, 2004, no. 10. Nikonov, A. "From Rusalka to Kursk." 2003Vanner, A. "The wreck of the Rusalka 1893." Dawlish Chronicles,  24 March 2015. *Video of diving on the Rusalka"Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/beyondthebreakers)

A huge fight with the Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa, the canonization of St. Thomas Becket, four antipopes, and the 11th Ecumenical Council – Lateran III.

The invasion of Alexander III of Macedon is a landmark event in South Asian history. Join Anirudh as he explores the conqueror's camp, meets an Indian mercenary who served in Alexander's campaigns, and uncovers the mystery of the fall of the Nanda dynasty and the rise of the mighty Gangetic empire of the Mauryas that succeeded them.Anirudh is trying to bring the history of South Asia alive though hard research and great storytelling. Please help him out on this labour of love at

2: On this first episode of Men Going Home...hosted by Chris Wolfe...Chris and Andy Korge talk with Grover Cleveland Alexander III from the Corrections Transitions Program at Everglades Correctional Institution about his armed robbery spree in North Florida in in 1970's that put Grover in prison for over 28 years...

Alexander I saved his nation through an alliance with Napoleon Bonaparte, only to later become the man who ensured the military leader's grisly demise. Alexander II was a well-educated statesman desperate to prove himself to his country, but this desperation to please would eventually cost him his life. Alexander III ruled for only a short period of time, but watched as Russia underwent its most dramatic changes yet. These three men, connected only by their names and their bloodline, would all help shape Russia into the nation it is today. Their decisions would bring wealth and prosperity to their people . . . but would also cost them their lives, and the lives of royal descendants to come.

Alexander III of Macedon (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Γʹ ὁ Μακεδών; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας, romanized: Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders. During his youth, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16. After Philip's assassination in 336 BC, he succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. Alexander was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father's pan-Hellenic project to lead the Greeks in the conquest of Persia. In 334 BC, he invaded the Achaemenid Empire (Persian Empire) and began a series of campaigns that lasted 10 years. Following the conquest of Anatolia, Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles, most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety. At that point, his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Beas River. Alexander endeavoured to reach the "ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea" and invaded India in 326 BC, winning an important victory over the Pauravas at the Battle of the Hydaspes. He eventually turned back at the demand of his homesick troops, dying in Babylon in 323 BC, the city that he planned to establish as his capital, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of Arabia. In the years following his death, a series of civil wars tore his empire apart, resulting in the establishment of several states ruled by the Diadochi: Alexander's surviving generals and heirs. Alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism which his conquests engendered, such as Greco-Buddhism. He founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most notably Alexandria in Egypt. Alexander's settlement of Greek colonists and the resulting spread of Greek culture in the east resulted in a new Hellenistic civilization, aspects of which were still evident in the traditions of the Byzantine Empire in the mid-15th century AD and the presence of Greek speakers in central and far eastern Anatolia until the 1920s. Alexander became legendary as a classical hero in the mould of Achilles, and he features prominently in the history and mythic traditions of both Greek and non-Greek cultures. He became the measure against which military leaders compared themselves, and military academies throughout the world still teach his tactics. He is often ranked among the most influential people in history. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thehistoryexpress/support

1263 The Battle of Largs takes place. It was an indecisive engagement between the kingdoms of Norway and Scotland, on the Firth of Clyde near Largs, Scotland. The conflict formed part of the Norwegian expedition against Scotland in 1263, in which Haakon Haakonsson, King of Norway attempted to reassert Norwegian sovereignty over the western seaboard of Scotland. Since the beginning of the 12th century this region had lain within the Norwegian realm, ruled by magnates who recognised the overlordship of the Kings of Norway. In the mid-13th century, two Scottish kings, Alexander II and his son Alexander III, attempted to incorporate the region into their own realm. Following failed attempts to purchase the islands from the Norwegian king, the Scots launched military operations. Haakon responded to the Scottish aggression by leading a massive fleet from Norway. The battle of Largs has been romanticised by later historians as a great Scottish victory, but it only involved a small part of the Norwegian fleet. With his fleet and forces intact, Haakon planned to continue to campaign after spending the winter in Orkney, but he was unexpectedly taken ill and died there. 1835 The first military engagement of the Texas War of Independence, the Battle of Gonzales, occurred on this day between Texas rebels and Mexican troops. The growing tensions between Mexico and Texas erupt into violence when Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, sparking the Texan war for independence. President of Mexico, Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana, overthrew the Mexican constitution and appointed himself dictator. Recognizing that the American Texans who emigrated into Texas were likely to use his rise to power as an excuse to secede, Santa Anna ordered the Mexican military to begin disarming the Texans whenever possible. Mexican soldiers attempting to take a small cannon from the village of Gonzales encountered stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia of Texans. After a brief fight, the Mexicans retreated and the Texans kept their cannon. 1941 Operation Typhoon is launched as the Germans begin their surge to Moscow, led by the 1st Army Group and Gen. Fedor von Bock. Russian peasants in the path of Hitler's army employ a “scorched-earth” policy. Although some German generals had warned Hitler against launching Operation Typhoon as the harsh Russian winter was just beginning, remembering the fate that befell Napoleon—who got bogged down in horrendous conditions, losing serious numbers of men and horses—Bock urged him on. This encouragement, coupled with the fact that the Germany army had taken the city of Kiev in late September, caused Hitler to declare, “The enemy is broken and will never be in a position to rise again.” So for 10 days, starting October 2, the 1st Army Group drove east, drawing closer to the Soviet capital each day. But the Russians also remembered Napoleon and began destroying everything as they fled their villages, fields, and farms. 1944 The Warsaw Uprising ends, with the surrender of the surviving Polish rebels to German forces. Two months earlier, the approach of the Red Army to Warsaw prompted Polish resistance forces to launch a rebellion against the Nazi occupation. The rebels, who supported the democratic Polish government-in-exile in London, hoped to gain control of the city before the Soviets “liberated” it. The Poles feared that if they failed to take the city the Soviet conquerors would forcibly set up a pro-Soviet communist regime in Poland. In brutal street fighting, the Poles were gradually overcome by superior German weaponry. Meanwhile, the Red Army occupied a suburb of Warsaw but made no efforts to aid the Polish rebels. The Soviets also rejected a request by the British to use Soviet air bases to airlift supplies to the beleaguered Poles. After 63 days, the Poles—out of arms, supplies, food, and water—were forced to surrender.

Most studies of the Macedonian conqueror Alexander III focus on the military aspects of his life and reign. Yet Alexander's campaigns would not have been possible had it not been for the enormous plunder his armies seized in their conquests. In The Treasures of Alexander the Great: How One Man's Wealth Shaped the World (Oxford University Press, 2016), Frank L. Holt sifts through the ancient sources to provide new insights into an understudied aspect of Alexander's empire. Though he subsequently downplayed its holdings, Alexander inherited a substantial treasury when he took the throne in 336 BCE. This he used to win the vast wealth possessed by the Persian monarchy, making himself the richest person in the world in the process. Alexander employed his wealth in numerous ways to solidify his rule, yet as Holt demonstrates at various points even he was forced to borrow money in order to cover the expenses of his ongoing campaigns, which he did by turning to the similarly-enriched soldiers accompanying him. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices