Podcasts about customary

Clement Manyathela speaks to Mary-Jane Mphahlele, an attorney from Mary-Jane Mphahlele Attorneys to clarify what the law says about dissolving a customary law marriage. The Clement Manyathela Show is broadcast on 702, a Johannesburg based talk radio station, weekdays from 09:00 to 12:00 (SA Time). Clement Manyathela starts his show each weekday on 702 at 9 am taking your calls and voice notes on his Open Line. In the second hour of his show, he unpacks, explains, and makes sense of the news of the day. Clement has several features in his third hour from 11 am that provide you with information to help and guide you through your daily life. As your morning friend, he tackles the serious as well as the light-hearted, on your behalf. Thank you for listening to a podcast from The Clement Manyathela Show. Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 09:00 and 12:00 (SA Time) to The Clement Manyathela Show broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/XijPLtJ or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/p0gWuPE Subscribe to the 702 Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Constitutional Court handed down a landmark judgment clarifying that a customary marriage is a single, continuous union that is not dissolved when a couple subsequently enters into a civil marriage. In handing down judgement, the Court ruled that any Antenuptial Contract signed after the customary marriage (even if before the civil ceremony), is invalid unless it follows the strict court-supervised process for changing a property regime. The matter stems from an opposed divorce between VVC and JRM who were married in community of property by way of customary law in 2011 and later entered into a civil marriage. For a look at what this means, Bongiwe Zwane spoke to Specialist Divorce Lawyer, Shando Theron

Clement Manyathela and the listeners discuss the Constitutional Court ruling on ante-nuptial contracts after a customary marriage and whether they live cautious of witchcraft.The Clement Manyathela Show is broadcast on 702, a Johannesburg based talk radio station, weekdays from 09:00 to 12:00 (SA Time). Clement Manyathela starts his show each weekday on 702 at 9 am taking your calls and voice notes on his Open Line. In the second hour of his show, he unpacks, explains, and makes sense of the news of the day. Clement has several features in his third hour from 11 am that provide you with information to help and guide you through your daily life. As your morning friend, he tackles the serious as well as the light-hearted, on your behalf. Thank you for listening to a podcast from The Clement Manyathela Show. Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays from 09:00 and 12:00 (SA Time) to The Clement Manyathela Show broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/XijPLtJ or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/p0gWuPE Subscribe to the 702 Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Co-hosts Ryan Piansky, a graduate student and patient advocate living with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and eosinophilic asthma, and Holly Knotowicz, a speech-language pathologist living with EoE who serves on APFED's Health Sciences Advisory Council, interview Beth Morgan, a medical billing advocate and consultant, on navigating your medical bills. Disclaimer: The information provided in this podcast is designed to support, not replace, the relationship between listeners and their healthcare providers. Opinions, information, and recommendations shared in this podcast are not a substitute for medical advice. Decisions related to medical care should be made with your healthcare provider. Opinions and views of guests and co-hosts are their own.   Key Takeaways: [:51] Co-host Ryan Piansky introduces this episode, brought to you thanks to the support of Education Partners GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda. Ryan introduces co-host Holly Knotowicz.   [1:12] Holly introduces today's topic, Medical Billing, and today's guest, Beth Morgan, a medical billing advocate and consultant.   [1:31] Beth says a medical billing consultant is an individual who assists someone with medical bills to make sure that they are accurate and correct, and that they match the medical records, which are notes that the provider makes.   [1:48] The medical billing consultant or advocate can make sure the bills are paid correctly and that the charges are within the reasonable prices for the treatment area.   [2:19] Beth explains how medical insurance covers healthcare costs. It protects the patients and providers from very high expenses. It can also possibly help with the stress of navigating healthcare systems.   [2:36] The goals of medical insurance are to help cover patient costs for treatments, preventive care, and prescriptions. It can also provide resources for telehealth visits or support visits, if needed.   [2:48] With a telehealth visit, you, the patient, have to make sure that your insurance plan covers and allows it. Sometimes, the cost of a telehealth visit can be more than if you were to go to the office.   [3:27] Beth says most people look at what insurance will cost them per month. They fail to look at their yearly deductible, per person or per family, their prescription costs, or what it will cost to see a specialist. They don't consider what therapies will cost them.   [4:08] Beth had a client whose insurance company would only cover in-state providers. If she went out of state, she wouldn't be covered; even an emergency might not be covered. You have to look at the "nitty-gritty" of the policy.   [4:32] Beth says the biggest things are the deductible and copay, or co-insurance. Don't just look at the cost. Most people will take out the $10,000 or $5,000 deductible plans, saying it only costs $75 for the entire family. What does it actually cover?   [5:00] You don't want sudden surprises when you get to the emergency room. You want to know what your copay will be when you go into an emergency room.   [5:11] Holly agrees with Beth and notes that Real Talk listeners have chronic illness. Some have multiple illnesses. When you're selecting insurance plans, those are the things you have to look into.   [5:27] Patients with EoE often need endoscopies and other specialized procedures. Holly asks for tips on how someone can know what an endoscopy or other procedure will potentially cost.   [5:41] Beth says to ask the doctor what the CPT code is. That's the code that describes the treatment. Then look up that CPT code on the insurance company website. They will show an estimated cost for that treatment, for a rough idea of the cost.   [6:10] Keep in mind that it will not tell you what the providers will charge or what the hospital fee will be.   [6:21] Holly says she has EoE and MS. She asks a social worker for the CPT code for every procedure so she has a record to double-check when the bill comes. The CPT code is the key.   [6:50] Holly is a speech pathologist who does feeding therapy. She says to look at your plan to see if therapy is a copay or if it goes toward your deductible. If it goes toward your deductible, it will be very expensive until you meet that deductible.   [7:10] People living with an eosinophilic disorder may find themselves in the ER for a variety of reasons. Holly was there this week with a food impaction. For others, it could be a pain flare or an asthma attack.   [7:26] Holly asks how families can be prepared for medical bills related to emergency care.   [7:40] Beth replies, You also have on that bill the ER doctor and the ambulance fee, including mileage, which must be accurate or rounded up to the next mile. Track the mileage in your car.   [8:43] Who will be transporting you: volunteers from the fire department, a hospital ambulance, or an outside ambulance? Are you going under Basic Life Support or Advanced Life Support?   [9:05] Once you get to the ER, have someone else with you who can advocate for you. Sometimes, staff will bring you forms to sign before they treat you. If you're in a lot of pain, you're not in your right mind to sign those forms; you're only thinking of your pain.   [9:53] Ryan says a friend of his went to his doctor's office for a prescription refill. Typically, he pays a $25.00 copay per visit. This prescription refill visit was not covered in the same way as other visits, and he received a bill for over $200. The insurance company only covers maintenance appointments.   [10:48] Beth says an Explanation of Benefits (EOB) comes from your insurance company. It shows what the doctor charged, what the insurance company paid, and what you owe.   [11:07] A medical bill is what your provider sends you. Beth always asks the provider to send the bill after the insurance company has paid. That way, you know the insurance company has paid on the bill, and there are no surprises.   [11:25] When the provider bills you, the insurance company may have paid something on it, or it may have applied the bill toward your deductible or copay.   [11:44] When a patient receives a provider bill, Beth says they can go to a company called FAIR Health to see today's rates of what should be charged. Insurance companies negotiate rates with providers.   [12:04] Beth says that an out-of-network provider of physical therapy can charge, for example, $160 a visit, and you have to pay out-of-pocket. They can send it to your insurance company, and the insurance company may only pay 30% of the charge.   [12:20] Call the insurance company to ask questions about your insurance. Utilize the estimated costs feature on your insurance company's website.   [12:32] Beth says she always keeps the page of her health insurance booklet that shows what a PCP office visit, or outpatient specialist visit, will cost. Most people get the book and toss it out, but that page is very helpful.   [12:53] If you go into the emergency room, you might have a $300 copay just to be seen, but if you ask them to bill you after they bill your insurance company, most places should respect that.   [13:11] Beth says that most of the time, the red flags that she looks for on medical bills are supply items. Most supply items are included in the cost of the hospital visit. She says a surgical hospital visit is like an oil change.   [13:42] Beth compares a surgery to an oil and filter change. When you go in for surgery, the drape they put over you is included. You only pay for the supply items you walk out with.   [15:15] Beth says, If there's something wrong on your medical bill, your insurance rep may not know the answer. Most insurance companies have outsourced their billing questions. Start with the billing department of the hospital.   [15:35] Ask, "Why did you bill me for an X, Y, Z, when I didn't have an X, Y, Z? I had an A, B, C. Can we re-examine this, please?" Another thing is to go back to your provider.    [15:52] The provider can request medical notes, which are part of your patient record, and you can look at them yourself. Beth says, for hospital stays, she always tells people to ask for a completely itemized bill.   [16:12] Holly agrees.   [16:20] Beth says you have to look at the itemized bill. Does something make sense to you? Does it look a little unreasonable? That's easy to see.   [16:26] Ryan says when you call your insurance company, it can be time-consuming to reach the person who can answer your question, but it's important to do so, especially for expensive things like hospital stays. Doctor's office visits can also be expensive.   [16:58] Something else that can be tricky is medications. Especially for those of us with chronic illnesses and the rare diseases that we work with here at APFED, costs can be quite high for some of the medications patients take.   [17:20] Beth says, When you call the insurance company, ask for the name of the person you are talking to. Write down the name, date, and time that you spoke to the person. Ask them for a call reference number, where they are located, and what was discussed so you have record of that information.   [18:04] For medications, you can look up prices through GoodRx or other prescription websites that might give you an estimate of what the possible cost could be.   [18:20] If your provider states on the prescription, Do not substitute or give generics, you might be paying full price. Otherwise, most pharmacies will offer you the generics.   [18:35] Holly asks, If someone feels overwhelmed by billing or insurance issues, where can they go for help? Are there resources that you recommend?   [18:45] Beth says, There is a patient advocate group, with individuals across all 50 states, that will help you with medical bills and advise you on everything else. Your provider's office or the facility also might have someone who could help you.   [19:11] Beth says she would look for patient advocates like social workers. Make sure whoever you work with has medical knowledge.    [19:26] Ryan says, talking with the billing department can feel a little antagonistic, but they are there to help you. If you talk to the right people and ask the right questions, you can figure out what's going on and get some answers.   [19:40] Beth agrees and says, Always write down your questions. Ryan adds, Always write down the answers and ask the name of the person you are talking to. Beth reminds you to ask for the call reference number. They keep a record of every call.   [20:09] Beth's last words about medical billing: "The most important thing is keeping track of what's going on. I recommend using a calendar, like a planner, that you can write 'I saw Dr. J. Smith, EoE Specialist. Discussed flare-ups,' and the time and date."   [20:30] "Keep a record. That way, in this planner, you can go back to it and match it up. If possible, have someone with you or on the phone with you when you talk with them. The other person can take notes, which is very important."   [20:39] "You need to have the backup and the understanding. If you don't understand something, ask questions." Ryan says, Those are good tips for everyone.   [21:14] For our listeners who would like to learn more about eosinophilic disorders, please visit apfed.org.   [21:20] To learn more about navigating healthcare in the United States with eosinophilic disorders, please check out NavigateEOSCare.org. We'll include links to both of those in the show notes below.   [21:29] Ryan thanks Beth Morgan for joining us today. This was an insightful conversation for everyone. Beth thanks Ryan and Holly for having her on.   [21:35] Holly also thanks APFED's Education Partners GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda for supporting this episode.   Mentioned in This Episode: Beth Morgan, President & CEO of Medical Bill Detectives NavigateEOSCare.org Patient Advocate Foundation   APFED on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, Instagram Real Talk: Eosinophilic Diseases Podcast Apfed.org apfed.org/specialist apfed.org/connections apfed.org/research/clinical-trials   Education Partners: This episode of APFED's podcast is brought to you thanks to the support of GSK, Sanofi, Regeneron, and Takeda.   Tweetables:   "Medical insurance covers healthcare costs. It protects the patients and caregivers from very high expenses. It can also possibly help with the stress of navigating the healthcare systems." — Beth Morgan   "Most people look at what insurance will cost them per month. They fail to look at what their yearly deductible might be, per person or per family." — Beth Morgan   "Ask the doctor what the CPT code is. That's the code that describes the treatment. Then go to the insurance company's website. Most insurance plans have it. They will give you an estimated cost for that." — Beth Morgan   "Keep a record. That way, in this planner, you can go back to it and match it up. If possible, have someone with you or on the phone with you when you talk with them. The other person can take notes, which is very important." — Beth Morgan   "For hospital stays, I always tell people to ask for a completely itemized bill." — Beth Morgan   "I would look for patient advocates like social workers. Make sure whoever you work with has medical knowledge." — Beth Morgan    Guest Bio: Beth Morgan, President & CEO of Medical Bill Detectives, has been a Certified Professional Coder (CPC) and Compliance Specialist (MCS-P) since 2004. Over the past 20 years, she has worked in several areas of the medical profession, doing billing and coding for all sorts of providers. Her knowledge and expertise have enabled her to not only reduce providers' accounts receivable but also medical bills by 51%. She has access to a broad base of insurance company policy information and is an information contributor to radio and TV shows, as well as magazine articles. Medical Bill Detectives reviews medical bills for errors and overcharges, reducing them to Usual Reasonable and Customary charges, for negotiating discounts on medical bills. We are able to review bills for all 50 states.   Aphadvocates.org/speakers/beth-morgan/ Seakexperts.com/members/7326-beth-morgan 

South Africa's highest court has just delivered a landmark ruling on how marriage law works when traditional customs meet modern civil law, and it could affect thousands of couples, especially here in KwaZulu-Natal, where customary marriages are common. The Constitutional Court has clarified that a civil marriage does not erase or override an existing customary marriage. Instead, the two forms of marriage combine into one continuous legal union, and that has big implications, particularly for property rights, asset division and how matrimonial property is governed when spouses decide to enter into a civil marriage after being married under customary law. To help us understand what this ruling actually means, especially for families and couples here in KZN, and how it might affect things like property, inheritance and asset protection, we turned to our Legal Expert on Family Law, Chulumanco Ncapai, from Shepstone and Wylie Attorneys for deeper insight.

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(00:00-3:33) Just felt like a little Mr. Telephone Man. An article on KMOV centered around Senator Eric Schmitt wanting to bring the NFL back to St. Louis. Time management a little off this morning.(3:41-29:52) Talking about Paul Schaeffer makes you run a little faster. Joined by another FOTS, Jeremy Rutherford joins us in studio. This show is good at diversifying. Tough act for JR to follow Joe Buck. Are the scoring problems system related or does it come down to the players? Customary two-part questions for JR. Doug Armstrong waiting for a right move. The Steve Ott move to Springfield. Best Chinese food in Jefferson County. Putting buffets out of business. Chicken & Waffles.(30:02-51:32) Doug went to sock hops, not mixers. Shai. Senator Eric Schmitt did an interview with KMOV and the headline is getting some attention. Close to a 0% chance.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Jane Dutton speaks to Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa (ISLA) Executive Director, Sibongile Ndashe about the constitutional court ruling that states that a antenuptial contract is invalid if signed after customary marriage. The Midday Report with Mandy Wiener is 702 and CapeTalk’s flagship news show, your hour of essential news radio. The show is podcasted every weekday, allowing you to catch up with a 60-minute weekday wrap of the day's main news. It's packed with fast-paced interviews with the day’s newsmakers, as well as those who can make sense of the news and explain what's happening in your world. All the interviews are podcasted for you to catch up and listen to. Thank you for listening to this podcast of The Midday Report Listen live on weekdays between 12:00 and 13:00 (SA Time) to The Midday Report broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and on CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from The Midday Report go to https://buff.ly/BTGmL9H and find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/LcbDdFI Subscribe to the 702 and CapeTalk daily and weekly newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Catch Up on the latest leading news stories around the country with Jane Dutton standing in for Mandy Wiener on Midday Report every weekday from 12h00 - 13h00. The Midday Report with Mandy Wiener is 702 and CapeTalk’s flagship news show, your hour of essential news radio. The show is podcasted every weekday, allowing you to catch up with a 60-minute weekday wrap of the day's main news. It's packed with fast-paced interviews with the day’s newsmakers, as well as those who can make sense of the news and explain what's happening in your world. All the interviews are podcasted for you to catch up and listen to. Thank you for listening to this podcast of The Midday Report Listen live on weekdays between 12:00 and 13:00 (SA Time) to The Midday Report broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and on CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from The Midday Report go to https://buff.ly/BTGmL9H and find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/LcbDdFI Subscribe to the 702 and CapeTalk daily and weekly newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Can Therapists Start a Union? The Antitrust Trap, the Shadow Committee, and the Economic Strangulation of American Psychotherapy Analyzing America's Healthcare Regulations and Their Effect on Us: Why the Law Prevents Therapists from Organizing While Allowing a Private Committee to Fix Prices for the Entire Medical System https://gettherapybirmingham.com/can-therapists-start-a-union-spoiler-alert-they-cant/ The Monthly Rage Thread If you hang around therapist forums long enough, you will see it happen. It operates with the regularity of the tides. Someone posts a thread, usually after receiving a contract from an insurance company offering 1998 rates for 2025 work, and asks the obvious question: “We are the ones providing the care. The system collapses without us. Why don't we just all go on strike? Why don't we form a union and demand fair pay?” It is a logical question. In almost every other sector of the economy, workers who feel exploited band together to negotiate better terms. Screenwriters shut down Hollywood to get paid for streaming residuals. Auto workers walk off the line. Teachers fill the state capitol. Nurses at major hospital systems have successfully unionized and won significant concessions. So why, in the midst of a national mental health crisis, does the mental health workforce remain so politically impotent? The answer is not that we lack will. It is not that we lack organization. The answer is that for private practice therapists, forming a union is a federal crime. This is not a political manifesto. It is an analysis of the bizarre regulatory environment that governs American healthcare, a system of antitrust laws, shadow committees, and bureaucratic classifications that effectively strips clinicians of their bargaining power while empowering the corporations that pay them. If you want to understand why corporate tech monopolies are ruining therapy, or why the corporatization of healthcare feels so suffocating, you have to understand the legal straitjacket we are all wearing. And you have to understand the one group that is allowed to set prices, the one group exempt from the rules that bind the rest of us. Part I: You Are Not a Worker, You Are a Standard Oil Tycoon The primary reason therapists cannot unionize dates back to the era of oil barons and railroad tycoons. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was designed to prevent massive corporations like Standard Oil from colluding to fix prices and destroy the free market. It prohibits “every contract, combination… or conspiracy, in restraint of trade.” The law was a response to genuine abuses: companies buying up competitors, dividing territories, and coordinating prices to gouge consumers who had no alternatives. Here is the catch: In the eyes of the federal government, a private practice therapist is not a “worker.” You are a business entity. Even if you are a solo practitioner struggling to pay rent in a subleased office, seeing clients between crying in your car and eating lunch at your desk, the law views you as the CEO of a micro-corporation. You are classified as a 1099 independent contractor, not a W-2 employee, and that distinction makes all the difference in the world. If two workers at Starbucks talk about their wages and agree to ask for a raise, that is “collective bargaining,” which is protected by the National Labor Relations Act. But if two private practice therapists talk about their reimbursement rates and agree to ask Blue Cross for a raise, that is “price-fixing.” It is legally indistinguishable, in the eyes of the Federal Trade Commission, from gas stations conspiring to raise the price of unleaded. It sounds absurd, but the FTC takes it deadly seriously. When independent contractors organize to demand higher rates, when they share information about what they are being paid and coordinate their responses, they are engaging in horizontal price-fixing, one of the most serious violations of antitrust law. The Sherman Act provides for criminal penalties, including fines and imprisonment. The law that was meant to break up monopolies is now used to prevent social workers from asking for a cost-of-living adjustment. The irony is crushing. The same regulatory framework that prevents two therapists from discussing their rates allows massive insurance conglomerates to merge repeatedly, concentrating buyer power in fewer and fewer hands. UnitedHealth Group, for example, has acquired dozens of companies over the past two decades, becoming the largest healthcare company in the United States. When they offer a “take it or leave it” contract to providers, they do so with the full knowledge that fragmented, legally prohibited from organizing therapists have no counter-leverage. The antitrust laws, designed to prevent monopoly power, have created a system where sellers are atomized and buyers are consolidated. Economists call this “monopsony,” and it is precisely the market distortion the Sherman Act was supposed to prevent. Part II: The Day the “Learned Profession” Died For a long time, doctors and lawyers thought they were exempt from these laws. They argued that they were “learned professions,” not mere tradespeople, and therefore above the grubby laws of commerce. They believed that their ethical obligations to patients and clients set them apart from the rules that governed steel mills and meatpacking plants. Medicine was a calling, not a business, and surely the government would not regulate the sacred doctor-patient relationship as if it were a commercial transaction. That illusion was shattered in 1975 by the Supreme Court case Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar. The case involved lawyers, not doctors, but its implications cascaded through every licensed profession in America. The Goldfarbs were purchasing a home and needed a title examination. The Virginia State Bar had established a minimum fee schedule for such services, and every lawyer they contacted quoted the exact same price. They sued, arguing that this fee schedule was illegal price-fixing. The Supreme Court agreed. In a unanimous decision, the Court ruled that professional services, including legal and medical advice, are “trade or commerce” subject to antitrust laws. The “learned profession” exemption, which had been assumed but never explicitly established in law, was declared a myth. “The nature of an occupation, standing alone,” the Court wrote, “does not provide sanctuary from the Sherman Act.” This ruling was intended to lower prices for consumers by preventing lawyers from setting minimum fees, and in that narrow sense it was a good thing. But in healthcare, it had a catastrophic side effect: it made it illegal for doctors and therapists to band together to resist the pricing power of insurance companies. The “learned profession” exemption is dead. We are now just businesses, and businesses are not allowed to hold hands. This creates the illusion of progress: we have “free market” competition among providers, but monopsony power among payers. It is a market where the sellers are forbidden from organizing, but the buyers are allowed to merge until they are too big to fail. The result is not a free market at all. It is a market designed to transfer wealth from one class (providers) to another (insurers and administrators), with the law itself serving as the enforcement mechanism. Part III: The Cartel in the Basement If therapists cannot collude to set prices, surely nobody else can, right? Wrong. There is one group in American healthcare that is allowed to meet in a room, decide what every doctor's time is worth, and set prices for the entire industry. It is called the RUC, the AMA/Specialty Society Relative Value Scale Update Committee. And understanding the RUC is the key to understanding why talk therapy is dying in the medical model, why psychiatrists abandoned the couch for the prescription pad, and why your insurance company offers you a ghost network of providers who never answer the phone. The Birth of a Shadow Government To comprehend the current crisis in mental health economics, one must excavate the foundations of the physician payment system. Prior to 1992, Medicare reimbursed physicians based on a system known as “Customary, Prevailing, and Reasonable” charges. Under this system, physicians were paid based on their historical billing charges. It was inherently inflationary; it rewarded those who raised their fees most aggressively and created wide geographic disparities for identical services. In response to spiraling costs, Congress passed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, mandating a transition to a fee schedule based on the resources required to provide a service. This birthed the Resource-Based Relative Value Scale. The intellectual architecture for this system was developed by a team of economists at Harvard University, led by William Hsiao. Hsiao's team sought to create a “unified theory” of medical value, attempting to quantify the “work” involved in disparate medical acts, comparing the cognitive intensity of a psychiatric evaluation with the technical skill of a hernia repair. The Harvard study was revolutionary. It promised to level the playing field, suggesting that cognitive services, the thinking and talking that comprises primary care and mental health, were vastly undervalued relative to surgical procedures. Had Hsiao's original recommendations been implemented purely, the income gap between generalists and specialists might have narrowed significantly. But the administrative complexity of assigning values to over 7,000 Current Procedural Terminology codes overwhelmed the Health Care Financing Administration. Into this administrative vacuum stepped the American Medical Association. The AMA, fearing that the government would unilaterally set prices, proposed a “partnership.” They would convene a committee of experts to maintain and update the relative values, providing this labor-intensive service to the government at no cost. The government accepted. Thus, in 1991, the RUC was born, not as a government agency, but as a private advisory body with unparalleled influence over public funds. The Architecture of Control The RUC's claim to legitimacy rests on its status as an “expert panel.” But a structural analysis of its composition reveals a profound bias that mimics the governance of a cartel designed to protect incumbent interests. The committee consists of 32 members, but power is concentrated in the 29 voting seats. Of these, 21 seats are appointed by major national medical specialty societies. The distribution is not proportional to the volume of services provided to Medicare beneficiaries, nor is it proportional to the physician workforce. Instead, it is frozen in a historical moment that favored high-technology specialties. Primary care physicians, who perform roughly 45 to 50 percent of Medicare work, hold approximately 4 to 5 seats, giving them about 17 percent of the vote. Procedural and surgical specialties, including surgery, radiology, and anesthesiology, hold 15 to 18 seats, giving them roughly 60 percent of the vote despite performing only 35 to 40 percent of Medicare work. The American Psychiatric Association holds a single seat. One seat. This lone representative must negotiate with a supermajority of specialists, neurosurgeons, cardiothoracic surgeons, radiologists, and ophthalmologists, whose financial interests are often diametrically opposed to the valuation of cognitive work. The cartel dynamic is enforced by a statutory requirement of budget neutrality. The Medicare Physician Fee Schedule is a zero-sum game. If the total relative value units projected for a given year exceed the budget, a “scaler” is applied to reduce the conversion factor, effectively cutting everyone's pay. Therefore, any proposal to increase the value of psychotherapy, which would increase the total RVU spend, effectively asks every surgeon in the room to take a pay cut to fund the raise for psychiatrists. Given that a two-thirds majority is required to pass a recommendation, the procedural bloc holds absolute veto power over any redistribution of wealth. The Secret Chamber A hallmark of cartel behavior is the restriction of information. For nearly two decades, the RUC operated in near-total secrecy. While recent years have seen minor concessions to transparency, such as the publication of vote totals, the core deliberative process remains opaque. RUC meetings are private. The public, the press, and even non-RUC physicians are largely barred from attending the deliberations where billions of tax dollars are allocated. Participants, including the specialty advisors who present data, must sign strict non-disclosure agreements. These agreements prevent them from discussing the specific tradeoffs, deals, or arguments made within the chamber. A former RUC participant described these agreements as “draconian,” designed to insulate the committee from public accountability. The Government Accountability Office and the Center for American Progress have noted the inherent conflict of interest. The individuals setting the prices are the same individuals who receive the payments. Unlike a regulatory agency, where officials are salaried and divested of industry assets, RUC members are practicing physicians whose personal incomes are directly tied to the decisions they make. This secrecy serves a functional purpose: it allows for “logrolling.” A representative from Orthopedics might support an inflated value for a Cardiology code in exchange for Cardiology's support on a Knee Replacement code. This “I'll scratch your back” dynamic creates an upward pressure on procedural values that excludes those outside the dominant coalition, specifically primary care and mental health. The Antitrust Shield Why has the Department of Justice not broken up this cartel? The legal shield is the Noerr-Pennington Doctrine. This Supreme Court doctrine establishes that private entities are immune from antitrust liability when they are petitioning the government. Because the RUC technically only “recommends” values to CMS (that is petitioning), and CMS “decides” (that is government action), the RUC is protected by the First Amendment right to petition. This legal loophole allows the RUC to operate with monopolistic characteristics without fear of prosecution, provided CMS continues to go through the motions of “reviewing” the recommendations. And CMS accepts those recommendations over 90 percent of the time. Because private insurance companies generally base their rates on Medicare, this private committee effectively sets the price of healthcare for the entire country. If independent therapists did this, if they gathered in a room and agreed on what their services should cost, they would face criminal prosecution. But because the RUC operates under the fiction of “advising” the government, it is protected. The same regulatory framework that criminalizes therapist solidarity provides cover for industry-wide price coordination by the most powerful medical specialties. Part IV: The Mechanics of Suppression To control a market, one must control its currency. In American medicine, that currency is the Relative Value Unit. Every medical service, from a 15-minute therapy session to a heart transplant, is assigned a total RVU value. This value is the sum of three components: the Work RVU, which accounts for physician time, technical skill, mental effort, and judgment; the Practice Expense RVU, which covers overhead costs like rent, staff, and equipment; and the Malpractice RVU, which reflects professional liability insurance costs. The Work RVU, which comprises roughly 50 to 55 percent of the total value, is determined by RUC surveys. When a code is flagged for review, the relevant specialty society distributes a survey to a sample of its members. These respondents are asked to estimate the time and intensity of the service compared to a “reference service.” This methodology violates several principles of statistical validity. The surveys are voluntary and distributed by the specialty societies themselves. The respondents are typically those most active in the society and most invested in maximizing reimbursement, advocates rather than neutral observers. The sample sizes are often shockingly small; RUC surveys frequently rely on fewer than 50 or 70 respondents to set the price for services performed millions of times annually. A sample of 30 orthopedic surgeons might determine the value of a procedure costing Medicare billions. The Time Arbitrage The most critical variable in the RUC equation is time. The Work RVU is conceptually derived from the formula: Work equals Time multiplied by Intensity. Therefore, inflating the time estimate is the most direct route to inflating the price. Independent studies by RAND and the Urban Institute, often using objective data like Operating Room logs, have consistently shown that the RUC overestimates the time required for surgical procedures. A procedure valued by the RUC as taking 60 minutes may, in reality, take 30 minutes. This creates an arbitrage opportunity. If a gastroenterologist can perform a “60-minute” colonoscopy in 20 minutes, they can effectively perform three procedures in the time allotted for one. They bill for three hours of work in one hour of real time. This “efficiency gain” is captured entirely by the physician as profit. Psychotherapy cannot utilize this arbitrage. CPT codes for psychotherapy are explicitly time-based in their definition. Code 90832 requires 16 to 37 minutes. Code 90834 requires 38 to 52 minutes. Code 90837 requires 53 minutes or more. A psychiatrist cannot perform a 60-minute therapy session in 20 minutes; doing so constitutes fraud. Therefore, the revenue of a psychotherapist is capped by the linear passage of time. They can sell, at maximum, roughly 8 to 10 units of labor per day. A proceduralist, aided by RUC-inflated time assumptions, can sell 20 or 30 units of “RUC time” in the same day. This structural discrepancy creates a widening income gap that no amount of “hard work” by the therapist can close. It is not a market failure. It is market design. The “Thinking” Penalty The RUC's bias is not merely structural; it is philosophical. The committee, dominated by surgeons and proceduralists, consistently values “doing things to people,” cutting, scanning, injecting, far more highly than “talking to people,” diagnosing, counseling, managing complex chronic conditions. This creates a regulatory environment that functions as a de facto wealth transfer from cognitive care to procedural care. In 2013, a major revision of psychiatry codes exposed this bias in stark relief. Previously, psychiatrists used codes that bundled the medical evaluation with the psychotherapy. The new system required psychiatrists to bill an E/M code for the medical management plus an “add-on” code for psychotherapy. While intended to improve transparency, this change exposed psychotherapy to the raw mechanics of the RUC's valuation bias. By isolating the “therapy” component, the committee could subject it to rigorous cross-specialty comparison. And the committee, dominated by surgeons, views “talking to a patient” as low-intensity work compared to “operating on a patient.” The economic signal was clear. This created the 15-minute med check culture not because psychiatrists stopped caring, but because the regulatory environment made relational care financial suicide. It effectively “illegalized” the practice of deep, slow psychiatry for anyone who wanted to take insurance. Part V: The “Messenger Model” and Other Legal Fictions When therapists ask about collective bargaining, lawyers will often point them to the only legal loophole available: the “Messenger Model.” In this model, a third party (the messenger) acts as an intermediary between a group of providers and an insurance company. The messenger takes the insurance company's offer and conveys it to each therapist individually. Each therapist must then make a unilateral, independent decision to accept or reject it. The messenger is strictly forbidden from negotiating. They cannot say, “The group rejects this.” They cannot say, “We want 10% more.” They cannot advise the therapists on what to do. They can only carry messages. This is why “Independent Practice Associations” are often toothless. In the 2008 case North Texas Specialty Physicians v. FTC, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals made clear that if an IPA actually tries to leverage its numbers to demand better rates, it violates antitrust laws. If it follows the messenger model, it has no leverage. It is a “heads I win, tails you lose” regulatory structure designed to protect payers, not providers. The only exception is “clinical integration,” where providers genuinely merge their practices, share infrastructure, and accept joint financial risk. But this requires substantial capital investment and essentially means ceasing to be an independent practitioner. It is a legal pathway available mainly to large physician groups and hospital systems, not to solo therapists working out of rented offices. Part VI: Market Distortions and the Flight to Cash When a cartel sets a price below the market equilibrium, suppliers exit the formal market. This is precisely what has happened in psychotherapy. Mental health providers generally have lower overhead than surgeons. They do not need MRI machines or sterile surgical suites. And they face high consumer demand; the national mental health crisis ensures a steady stream of people seeking services. This gives them an “exit option” that proceduralists do not have. They can refuse to accept insurance and operate as cash-only businesses. The statistics are stark. Nearly 50 percent of psychiatrists do not accept commercial insurance, compared to less than 10 percent of other specialists. A 2023 survey indicated that 64 percent of private practice therapists planned to increase their cash-pay rates. Research published in Health Affairs Scholar found that patients are 10.6 times more likely to go out-of-network for mental health care than for medical/surgical care. This mass exodus is a rational economic response to RUC-suppressed rates. If the RUC says an hour of therapy is worth $100 via the RVU-to-dollar conversion, but the market demand is willing to pay $250, the provider will leave the RUC-controlled sector. They are not abandoning their profession; they are abandoning a pricing regime that values their work at less than half its market rate. Ghost Networks The RUC's pricing failure creates “Ghost Networks,” directories filled with providers who are ostensibly “in-network” but are functionally inaccessible. They are either full, not accepting new patients, retired, have moved, or simply do not respond to inquiries from insurance-based patients because the administrative burden of prior authorizations and clawbacks outweighs the suppressed fee. This is not a “shortage” of providers in the absolute sense. There is no shortage of therapists in private practice. There is a shortage of therapists willing to work at the RUC-determined price point. The insurance directories are graveyards of phantom availability, creating the illusion of access where none exists. The Cost Paradox The central thesis of the RUC's defenders is that they “control costs.” By strictly managing RVUs, they claim to save taxpayer money. In psychotherapy, this logic backfires catastrophically. By suppressing reimbursement rates to a level that drives providers out of the network, the RUC forces patients into the cash market. The theoretical in-network cost might be a $20 copay with the insurer paying $100. The actual out-of-network cost is $250 cash out-of-pocket, paid in full by the patient. Thus, the “cost of therapy” for the consumer skyrockets. Therapy becomes a luxury good, accessible only to those with disposable income. For the poor and middle class, the “cost” is effectively infinite, because the service becomes inaccessible. The RUC's cost-control measure for the system becomes a cost-multiplier for the patient. It shifts the financial burden from the risk pool, where it belongs, to the individual, where it causes maximum harm. The Signal to Students The RUC sends powerful economic signals to medical students making career decisions. When a student observes that a dermatologist or radiologist can earn $500,000 working regular hours, while a psychiatrist earns $240,000 handling emotional trauma and on-call emergencies, while a primary care doctor earns even less, the choice is clear for those motivated by financial security. The undervaluation of cognitive codes discourages the best and brightest from entering mental health and primary care. The cartel's pricing structure creates a perpetual labor shortage in the fields most needed for public health, while creating a surplus in high-margin procedural specialties. We then wonder why there are not enough psychiatrists, why primary care is in crisis, why mental health access is collapsing. The answer is in the price signal, and the price signal is set by a committee of proceduralists meeting behind closed doors. The Hands Are Tied The question “Why can't therapists start a union?” is not just a labor question. It is a window into the broken soul of American healthcare. We have built a system where a secret committee of proceduralists can legally fix prices to favor surgery over therapy, but a group of social workers cannot band together to ask for a living wage. We have utilized laws meant to break up Standard Oil to break up the solidarity of caregivers. The same regulatory framework that criminalizes therapist coordination provides legal cover for industry-wide price coordination by the most powerful medical specialties. The result is a regulatory environment that drives doctors crazy, burns out therapists, and leaves patients navigating a fragmented, assembly-line system that was never designed to heal them. It was designed to process them. Until we confront the legal architecture of this system, the RUC, the Sherman Act, the 1099 trap, we will remain powerless to change it. And the reality of therapy is that quick fixes, whether in treatment or in policy, usually end up costing us more in the end. Some states are beginning to push back. New York and California have implemented strict network adequacy standards requiring mental health appointments within 10 business days. These regulations force insurers to expand their networks, which means they must attract providers, which means they must raise reimbursement rates above the RUC/Medicare floor. It is effectively a state-level override of the RUC cartel, forcing capital back into the mental health labor market. The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission has long advocated for stripping the RUC of its power, proposing the use of empirical data, tax returns, payroll records, practice invoices, to set values automatically. But these are patchwork solutions to a systemic problem. The fundamental issue remains: we have created a healthcare system that knows the price of everything and the value of nothing. We have engineered a system where the only way to survive is to stop acting like a healer and start acting like a factory. And we have wrapped this system in a legal framework that criminalizes resistance while protecting the status quo. The hands are tied. But at least now we can see the ropes. Bibliography For those interested in the primary sources and legal texts that underpin this analysis, the following external resources provide high-trust verification of the claims made above: Goldfarb v. Virginia State Bar, 421 U.S. 773 (1975): The Supreme Court decision that ended the “learned profession” exemption from antitrust laws. Read the Oyez Summary. The Sherman Antitrust Act (15 U.S.C. §§ 1–7): The foundational text of US antitrust law prohibiting restraint of trade. Read the Document at the National Archives. North Texas Specialty Physicians v. Federal Trade Commission (5th Cir. 2008): A key ruling establishing that independent physicians cannot collectively bargain on fees without financial integration. Read the Court Opinion. FTC/DOJ Statements of Antitrust Enforcement Policy in Health Care (1996): The federal guidelines explaining the “Messenger Model” and the narrow exceptions for clinical integration. Read the Guidelines (PDF). The RUC (AMA/Specialty Society RVS Update Committee): The AMA's own description of the committee structure and its role in valuing physician work. Visit the AMA RUC Page. “Special Deal” by Haley Sweetland Edwards (Washington Monthly, 2013): An investigative deep-dive into how the RUC operates and its impact on primary care vs. specialty pay. Read the Investigation. The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA): The law governing the right to unionize, which specifically excludes independent contractors. Read the NLRA. Laugesen, Miriam J. Fixing Medical Prices: How Physicians Are Paid. Harvard University Press, 2016. The definitive scholarly analysis of the RUC's history, structure, and influence on American healthcare pricing. Government Accountability Office. “Medicare Physician Payment Rates: Better Data and Greater Transparency Could Improve Accuracy.” 2015. GAO's critical analysis of RUC methodology and conflicts of interest. Center for American Progress. “Rethinking the RUC.” 2015. Policy analysis of the RUC's structural bias against primary care and cognitive services. Health Affairs Scholar. “Insurance Acceptance and Cash Pay Rates for Psychotherapy in the US.” 2023. Empirical research on out-of-network utilization in mental health care. Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC). “Report to the Congress: Medicare and the Health Care Delivery System.” 2024. Annual policy recommendations including proposals for reforming physician fee schedule methodology. Joel Blackstock, LICSW-S, is the Clinical Director of Taproot Therapy Collective in Hoover, Alabama. He specializes in complex trauma treatment and writes at GetTherapyBirmingham.com.  

Our Chief Fixed Income Strategist Vishy Tirupattur is joined by Dan Toscano, the firm's Chairman of Markets in Private Equity, unpack how credit markets are changing—and what the AI buildup means for the road ahead.Read more insights from Morgan Stanley.----- Transcript -----Vishy Tirupattur: Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I am Vishy Tirupattur, Morgan Stanley's Chief Fixed Income Strategist. Today is a special edition of our podcast. We are joined by Dan Toscano, Chairman of Markets in Private Equity at Morgan Stanley, and a seasoned practitioner of credit markets over many, many credit cycles. We will get his thoughts on the ongoing evolution and revolution in credit marketsIt's Wednesday, January 7th at 10am in New York. Dan, welcome.Dan Toscano: Glad to be here.Vishy Tirupattur: So, to get our – the listeners familiar with your journey, can you talk a little bit about your experience in the credit markets, and how you got to where we are today?Dan Toscano: Yeah, sure. So, I've been doing this a long time. You used the nice word seasoned. My kids would refer to it as old. But I started in this journey in 1988. And to make a long story short, my first job on Wall Street was buying junk bonds in the infancy of the junk bond market, when most of what we were financing were LBOs. So, if you're familiar with Barbarians at the Gate, one of the first bonds we bought were RJR Nabisco reset notes. And I've been doing this ever since, so over almost four decades now.Vishy Tirupattur: So, the junk bond market evolved into high yield market, syndicated loan market, CLO market, financial crisis. So, talk to us about your experiences during this transition.Dan Toscano: Yeah. I mean, one of the things these markets do is they finance evolution in industries. So, when I think back to the early days of financing leveraged buyouts, they were called bootstrap deals. The first deal I did as an intermediary on Wall Street as opposed to as an investor, was a buyout with Bain Capital in 1993. At the time, Bain Capital had a $600 million AUM private equity platform. Think about that in the scale of what Bain Capital does in private equity today. You know, back then it was corporate carve outs, and trying to make the global economy more efficient. And you remember the rise of the conglomerate. And so, one of the early things we financed a lot of was the de-conglomeration of big corporates. So, they would spin off assets that were not central to the business or the strengths that they had as an organization.So, that was the early days of private equity. There was obviously the telecom build out in the late 90's and the resulting bust. And then into the GFC. And we sit here today with the distinctions of private capital, private credit, public credit, syndicated credit, and all the amazing things that are being financed in, you know, what I think of as the next industrial revolution.Vishy Tirupattur: In terms of things that have changed a lot – a lot also changed following the financial crisis. So, if you dig deep into that one thing that happened was the introduction of leveraged lending guidelines. Can you talk about what leveraged lending guidelines did to the credit markets?Dan Toscano: Yeah, I mean, it was a big change for underwriters because it dictated what you could and couldn't participate in as an underwriter or a lender, and so it really cut off one end of the market that was determined by – and I think the thing most famously attributed to the leveraged lending guidelines was this maximum leverage notion of six times leverage is the cap. Nothing beyond that. And so that really limited the ability for Wall Street firms to underwrite and distribute capital to support those deals.And inadvertently, or maybe by plan, really gave rise to the growth in the private credit market. So, when you think about everything that's going on in the world today, including, which I'm sure we'll talk about, the relaxation of the leveraged lending guidelines, it was really fuel for private credit.Vishy Tirupattur: So private credit, this relaxation that you mentioned, you know, a few weeks ago, the FDIC and the OCC withdrew the leveraged lending guidelines in total. What do you expect that will do to the private credit markets? Will that make private credit market share decrease and bank market share increase?Dan Toscano: I think many people think of these as being mutually exclusive. We've never thought of it that way. It exists more on a continuum. And so, what I think the relaxation of those guidelines or the elimination of those guidelines really frees the banks to participate in the entire continuum, either as lenders or as underwriters.And so, in addition to the opportunity that gives the banks to really find the best solutions for their clients, I think this will also continue the blurring of distinctions between public market credit and private market credit. Because now the banks can participate in all of it. And when you think about what defines in people's minds – public credit versus private credit, in many cases it's driven by what terms look like. Customary terms for a syndicated bond or loan versus a private credit loan.Also, who's participating in it. You know, these things have been blurring, right? There's a cost differential or a perceived cost differential that has been blurring for some time now. That will continue to happen, in my opinion anyway.Vishy Tirupattur: I totally agree with you, Dan, on that. I think not only the distinction between public credit and private credit, but also within the various credit channels – secured, unsecured, securitized, structured – all these distinctions are also blurring. So, in that context, let's talk a little bit more about what private credit's focus has been and where private credit focus will be going forward. So, what we'll call private credit 1.0. Focused predominantly on lending to small and medium-sized enterprises. And we now see that potentially changing. What is driving private credit 2.0 in your mind?Dan Toscano: Well, the elephant in the room is digital infrastructure. Absolutely. When you think about the scale of what is happening, the type of capital that's required for the build out, the structure you need around it, the ability to use elements of structure. You mentioned several of them earlier. To come up with an appropriate risk structure for lending is really where the market is heading. When you think about the trillions of dollars that we anticipate is needed for the technology industry to complete this transformation – not just around digital infrastructure, but around everything associated with it.And the big one I think of most often is power, right? So, you need capital to build out sources of power, and you need capital to build out the data centers to be able to handle the compute demand that is expected to be there. This is a scale unlike anything we have ever seen. It is the backbone of what will be the next industrial revolution.We've never seen anything like this in terms of the scale of the capital needed for the transformation that is already underway.Vishy Tirupattur: We are very much on board with this idea as well, Dan, in terms of the scale of the investment, the capital investment that is needed. So, when you look ahead for 2026, what worries you about the ind ustrial revolution financing that is underway?Dan Toscano: Given all that's going on in the world, this massive capital investment that's going on globally around digital infrastructure, we've never seen this before. And so, when I look at the capital raising that has been done in 2025 versus what will be done in 2026, I think one of the differences that we have to be mindful of is – nothing's gone wrong while we were raising capital in 2025 because we were very much in the infancy of these buildouts. Once you get further into these buildouts and the capital raises in 2025 that are funding the development of data centers start to season, problems will emerge. The essence of credit risk is there will be problems and it's really trying to predict and foresee where the problems will be and make sure you can manage your way through them.That is the essence of successful credit investing. And so there will definitely be issues when you think about the scale of the build out that is happening. Even if you look just in the U.S., where you need access to all sorts of commodities to build out. And you know, people focus on chips, but you also need steel and roofing, and importantly labor.And as we talk to people about the build outs, one of the concerns is supply of labor supply and cost of labor. So, when you run into situations where maybe a project is delayed a bit, or the costs are a bit more than what was expected, there will be a reaction. And we haven't had that yet. We will start to see that in 2026 and how investors and the markets react to that, I think will be very important. And I'm a little bit worried that there could be some overreaction because people have trained themselves in 2025 to think of like, ‘I'm operating in a perfect environment,' because we haven't really done anything yet. And now that we've done something, something can and will go wrong. So, you know, we'll see how that plays out.I am very fixated in 2026 on the laws of supply and demand. When I think about what's going on right now, we usually have visibility on demand. And we usually have some level of visibility on supply. Right now, we have neither – and I say that in a positive way. We don't know how big the demand is in the capital world to fund these projects. We don't know how big that can be. And almost with every passing day, the supply – and what we're hearing from our clients about what they need to execute their plans – continues to grow in a way that we don't know where it ends. And the scale, we're talking trillions of dollars, right? Not billions, not millions, but trillions.And so, I look at that – not so much as something I worry about, but something I'm really curious about. Will we run out of money to fund all of the ambitions of the Industrial Revolution? I don't think so. I think money will find great projects, but when you think about the scale of what we're looking at, we've never seen anything like it before. And it will be fascinating to watch as the year goes on.Vishy Tirupattur: Thanks Dan. That's very useful. And thanks for taking the time to speak to us and share your wisdom and insights. Dan Toscano: Well, it's great to be here.Vishy Tirupattur: And to our audience, thanks for listening. If you enjoyed the show, please leave us a review wherever you listen and share thoughts on the market with a friend or colleague today

The ICRC's 2005 study on customary international humanitarian law – along with the free, public database launched five years later – arrived at a moment when the legal landscape of armed conflict was rapidly shifting. Mandated by the 26th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, the study set out to map the customary rules governing contemporary warfare by systematically analyzing global state practice and opinio juris. Twenty years on, with more than 130 armed conflicts active worldwide, reassessing the study's methodological contributions, its evidence base, and its impact on the regulation of both international and non-international armed conflicts offers a timely lens on how customary IHL continues to underpin protections for people affected by war. In this post, ICRC Legal Adviser Claudia Maritano and members of the British Red Cross-ICRC customary IHL research team reflect on how the study's rigorous methodology, global scope, and identification of 161 customary rules helped clarify gaps left by treaties, especially in non-international armed conflicts, and strengthen the practical application of IHL.

What happens if a customary marriage is later followed by a civil marriage along with an antenuptial contract? According to a recent court ruling, the customary marriage, along with the default law of community of property, is recognised in South Africa and will render the subsequent civil marriage null and void, along with the associated antenuptial contract. Lester Kiewit speaks to Anthony Diala, Professor of African legal pluralism and Director, Centre for Legal Integration in Africa, University of the Western Cape. Good Morning Cape Town with Lester Kiewit is a podcast of the CapeTalk breakfast show. This programme is your authentic Cape Town wake-up call. Good Morning Cape Town with Lester Kiewit is informative, enlightening and accessible. The team’s ability to spot & share relevant and unusual stories make the programme inclusive and thought-provoking. Don’t miss the popular World View feature at 7:45am daily. Listen out for #LesterInYourLounge which is an outside broadcast – from the home of a listener in a different part of Cape Town - on the first Wednesday of every month. This show introduces you to interesting Capetonians as well as their favourite communities, habits, local personalities and neighbourhood news. Thank you for listening to a podcast from Good Morning Cape Town with Lester Kiewit. Listen live on Primedia+ weekdays between 06:00 and 09:00 (SA Time) to Good Morning CapeTalk with Lester Kiewit broadcast on CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show go to https://buff.ly/xGkqLbT or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/f9Eeb7i Subscribe to the CapeTalk Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/sbvVZD5 Follow us on social media CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Aubrey Masango speaks to Claire Thomson, an attorney in private practice to unpack divorce settlements and maintenance. Claire further explains what really separates the two, and exactly what the law says about each. Tags: 702, Aubrey Masango show, Aubrey Masango, In community of property, Out of Community of property, Customary marriage, Divorce, Divorce settlement, Spousal maintenance The Aubrey Masango Show is presented by late night radio broadcaster Aubrey Masango. Aubrey hosts in-depth interviews on controversial political issues and chats to experts offering life advice and guidance in areas of psychology, personal finance and more. All Aubrey’s interviews are podcasted for you to catch-up and listen. Thank you for listening to this podcast from The Aubrey Masango Show. Listen live on weekdays between 20:00 and 24:00 (SA Time) to The Aubrey Masango Show broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and on CapeTalk between 20:00 and 21:00 (SA Time) https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk Find out more about the show here https://buff.ly/lzyKCv0 and get all the catch-up podcasts https://buff.ly/rT6znsn Subscribe to the 702 and CapeTalk Daily and Weekly Newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfet Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Motheo Khoaripe brings you the 'Best bits of The Money Show' from the week. He spoke to John Manyike about the financial and legal impact of customary marriages, Graeme Codrington about UCT’s use of AI in education, Mandla Sibeko about transforming FNB Art Joburg into a black-owned platform for African art, and Patrick Mathidi and Gary Booysen about avoiding “Rand roulette” through smarter offshore investing. The Money Show is a podcast hosted by well-known journalist and radio presenter, Stephen Grootes. He explores the latest economic trends, business developments, investment opportunities, and personal finance strategies. Each episode features engaging conversations with top newsmakers, industry experts, financial advisors, entrepreneurs, and politicians, offering you thought-provoking insights to navigate the ever-changing financial landscape.    Thank you for listening to a podcast from The Money Show Listen live Primedia+ weekdays from 18:00 and 20:00 (SA Time) to The Money Show with Stephen Grootes broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show, go to https://buff.ly/7QpH0jY or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/PlhvUVe Subscribe to The Money Show Daily Newsletter and the Weekly Business Wrap here https://buff.ly/v5mfetc The Money Show is brought to you by Absa     Follow us on social media   702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702   CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/Radio702 CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Motheo Khoaripe brings you the 'Best bits of The Money Show' from the week. He spoke to John Manyike about the financial and legal impact of customary marriages, Graeme Codrington about UCT’s use of AI in education, Mandla Sibeko about transforming FNB Art Joburg into a black-owned platform for African art, and Patrick Mathidi and Gary Booysen about avoiding “Rand roulette” through smarter offshore investing. The Money Show is a podcast hosted by well-known journalist and radio presenter, Stephen Grootes. He explores the latest economic trends, business developments, investment opportunities, and personal finance strategies. Each episode features engaging conversations with top newsmakers, industry experts, financial advisors, entrepreneurs, and politicians, offering you thought-provoking insights to navigate the ever-changing financial landscape.    Thank you for listening to a podcast from The Money Show Listen live Primedia+ weekdays from 18:00 and 20:00 (SA Time) to The Money Show with Stephen Grootes broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show, go to https://buff.ly/7QpH0jY or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/PlhvUVe Subscribe to The Money Show Daily Newsletter and the Weekly Business Wrap here https://buff.ly/v5mfetc The Money Show is brought to you by Absa     Follow us on social media   702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702   CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/Radio702 CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Motheo Khoaripe speaks to Morne Wilken, CEO of Hyprop Properties, and Raj Nana, CFO of Attacq, about their respective REITs’ strong annual performances, driven by strategic growth in retail and flagship developments like Waterfall City. In other interviews, John Manyike, Head of Financial Education at Old Mutual, talks about the significance of customary marriages in South African heritage and explores their financial and legal implications. The Money Show is a podcast hosted by well-known journalist and radio presenter, Stephen Grootes. He explores the latest economic trends, business developments, investment opportunities, and personal finance strategies. Each episode features engaging conversations with top newsmakers, industry experts, financial advisors, entrepreneurs, and politicians, offering you thought-provoking insights to navigate the ever-changing financial landscape. Thank you for listening to a podcast from The Money Show Listen live Primedia+ weekdays from 18:00 and 20:00 (SA Time) to The Money Show with Stephen Grootes broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show, go to https://buff.ly/7QpH0jY or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/PlhvUVe Subscribe to The Money Show Daily Newsletter and the Weekly Business Wrap here https://buff.ly/v5mfetc The Money Show is brought to you by Absa Follow us on social media 702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/702 on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalkCapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalkCapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/Radio702CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Motheo Khoaripe speaks to John Manyike, Head of Financial Education at Old Mutual, about the significance of customary marriages in South African heritage, exploring their financial and legal implications. The Money Show is a podcast hosted by well-known journalist and radio presenter, Stephen Grootes. He explores the latest economic trends, business developments, investment opportunities, and personal finance strategies. Each episode features engaging conversations with top newsmakers, industry experts, financial advisors, entrepreneurs, and politicians, offering you thought-provoking insights to navigate the ever-changing financial landscape.    Thank you for listening to a podcast from The Money Show Listen live Primedia+ weekdays from 18:00 and 20:00 (SA Time) to The Money Show with Stephen Grootes broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3Nk For more from the show, go to https://buff.ly/7QpH0jY or find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/PlhvUVe Subscribe to The Money Show Daily Newsletter and the Weekly Business Wrap here https://buff.ly/v5mfetc The Money Show is brought to you by Absa     Follow us on social media   702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702   CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/Radio702 CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The rich cultural diversity of South Africa is beautifully reflected in its legal framework, particularly concerning marriages. The Recognition of Customary Marriages Act, 1998, holds a pivotal role in acknowledging and safeguarding the institution of customary marriages. While the importance of lobola as a customary practice cannot be denied, recent High Court judgments have highlighted that the validity of a customary marriage is not solely determined by lobola but includes a broader spectrum of factors. To discuss this Bongiwe Zwane spoke to Cultural expert Professor Musa Xulu and Kholofelo Mashitisho , Attorney at Mashitisho Attorneys

Send us a textCan you charge a payer lower than Medicare or Medicaid? In this episode, Captain Integrity Bob Wade explores when you can, and when you can't. Hear why you need to look for the average or median of all expected payments, why you should remove the low and extravagant charges, how Medicare is not entitled to the lowest price you charge anyone, the origin of the most favored nation clause, and some fun customs we see in society. Learn more at CaptainIntegrity.com 

Snuggle in and get comfortable as we explore the cozy world of sweaters, sweater design, and sweatshirts. From the origins of woolen pullovers to the evolution of modern sweatshirts, this episode of I Can't Sleep will lull you into relaxation with soft, soothing narration. Perfect for those who love warm layers—or just need something to help them doze off. Want more sleepy content? Visit icantsleeppodcast.com for additional episodes and sleep-friendly resources. Show Notes: 00:00 - Welcome to I Can't Sleep 00:26 - Sweater overview 01:20 - Etymology 03:21 - Types and design 05:15 - Nomenclature 08:25 - Customary wear 10:19 - Care 11:02 - Ice hockey 11:28 - Sweater design intro 12:24 - Criteria 14:21 - Functional role as criterion 15:06 - Comfort criterion 15:42 - Fitting sweater 20:08 - Shaping 22:54 - Choosing the yarn 24:03 - Choosing colors 25:59 - Choosing shapes 26:55 - Choosing an overall pattern 27:26 - Choosing accent patterns 28:11 - Embellishments 29:38 - Sweatshirt intro 30:11 - History Want More? Request a topic: icantsleeppodcast.com/request-a-topic Listen ad-free & support the show: icantsleep.supportingcast.fm Shop sleep-friendly products: icantsleeppodcast.com/sponsors Wikipedia Attribution: This content is derived from the Wikipedia articles on Sweater, Sweater Design, and Sweatshirts, available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) license. Read the full articles: Wikipedia - Sweater, Sweater Design, Sweatshirt. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

There's a chance for the Government to reset, with a successful appeal from the Attorney-General offering more clarity on Māori customary rights to the foreshore and seabed. The Supreme Court's rejected a Court of Appeal judgment as a narrow interpretation of criteria. It's unanimously ruled applicants must use and occupy an area, and maintain this use without substantial interruption. Thorndon Chambers barrister Max Harris told Mike Hosking the Supreme Court's cleared up a lot of the details. He says the Government probably needs to go back to the drawing board on its legislation now that the position's changed. LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Government's reconsidering amending customary marine titles legislation following a landmark Supreme Court decision. The court's rejected a Court of Appeal judgment from October last year as a narrow interpretation of criteria. It's unanimously ruled applicants must use and occupy an area for customary rights to the foreshore and seabed, and maintain this use without substantial interruption. Prime Minister Christopher Luxon told Mike Hosking it was a quick decision from the court. He says it actually takes a lot of time to go through those rulings and understand the nature of them. Luxon says Justice Minister Paul Goldsmith will go through it and have more to say in due course. The Prime Minister is commending the Navy's handling of the fall-out from the Manawanui sinking. An inquiry has found the sinking was the result of a series of human errors, including the autopilot being left on. Luxon has confirmed he's discussed potential compensation with the Samoan Government after locals were prevented from fishing in the area. The Prime Minister has laughed off a question from Hosking about whether Navy personnel should have known what autopilot was. He says it's incredibly frustrating for everyone involved, but the Navy has done a good job of fronting. LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Don't worry about losing time from your studies, as the Alter Rebbe teaches that helping others purifies the mind and heart, enabling you to grasp Torah more quickly. https://www.torahrecordings.com/rebbe/igroskodesh/011/007/3395

The Rebbe made a comment on the beginning of each of the five booklets he sent to the Rebbe. https://www.torahrecordings.com/rebbe/igroskodesh/011/010/3673

The Shulhan Aruch (Orah Haim 584) writes that Hallel is omitted from the service on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, despite the fact that we recite Hallel on every other Yom Tob (listen to audio recording for precise citation). The Mishna Berura (commentary by Rav Yisrael Meir Kagan of Radin, 1839-1933) explains (listen to audio recording for precise citation) that we omit Hallel because the festive singing of Hallel is inappropriate on these days of judgment, when the books of life and death are opened before God. The festive nature of Hallel is incongruent with the fear and dread we experience on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur as we stand in judgment before God. The Mishna Berura adds that although we are confident on Rosh Hashanah that we will earn a favorable judgment, as God is a compassionate and loving judge, nevertheless, we must experience a sense of fear and dread. Interestingly enough, the Mishna Berura writes that the feelings of fear and anxiety experienced on Rosh Hashanah are themselves a source of merit for us as we stand in judgment, and help ensure a favorable outcome. Therefore, despite our confidence, we do not recite Hallel, as this festive reading in inconsonant with the emotions we are to feel on these days. The Mishna Berura adds, however, that one who reads Tehillim on Rosh Hashanah may include the chapters of Hallel in his reading, since he reads them as prayer and not as a festive Hallel service. In this Siman, the Shulhan Aruch also discusses the proper procedure for the Torah reading on Rosh Hashanah. Two Sifreh Torah are removed from the ark, and, on the first day of Rosh Hashanah, we read from the first Torah the section in Bereshit that tells of Yishak's birth, until (and not including) the narrative of the Akeda. We make five Aliyot in this section, except when Rosh Hashanah falls on Shabbat, in which case we make seven Aliyot. For the Maftir reading, we read the verses from the Book of Bamidbar that describe the Musaf offering on Rosh Hashanah. The Haftara reading for the first day of Rosh Hashanah comes from the beginning of the Book of Shemuel, and tells the story of the birth of Shemuel and the song sung by his mother, Hanna, after his birth. The Mishna Berura explains that we read these stories because, according to tradition, it was on Rosh Hashanah that Sara and Hanna (as well as Rahel) conceived after many years of infertility. It is customary on Rosh Hashanah to recite many Piyutim (liturgical hymns). These prayers were written by renowned and righteous Sadikim, and nobody should make the mistake of questioning or underestimating their importance. These are sacred prayers that must be carefully recited with seriousness and concentration. One certainly should not involve himself with other activities – even Torah learning – when the congregation recites Piyutim. Care should also be taken to recite the text in precise accordance with the community's custom. The Maharshal (Rabbi Shlomo Luria of Lublin, Poland, 16th century) records an incident where a Rabbi of a certain community changed the text of a Piyut on one occasion, in deference to a Rabbi who was visiting from another country, where a different text was used. Tragically, that Rabbi lost a child during the following year. The Rabbi proclaimed that this tragedy was a punishment for the grave sin of tampering with his community's customs by changing the prayer text. The customs regarding the Piyutim, like all our customs, were established by outstanding Sadikim, and each community must carefully and strictly follow its time-honored traditions. It has been noted that the word "Minhag" ("custom") has the same letters as the word "Gehinam," indicating that by following our traditions, we are protected from the fires Gehinom and are deemed worthy of a favorable judgment. Summary: Hallel is not recited as part of the prayer service on Rosh Hashanah or Yom Kippur, but one who recites Tehillim on these days may include the chapters of Tehillim. On the first day of Rosh Hashanah, we read (as the Torah and Haftara readings, respectively) the stories of Yishak's birth and Shemuel's birth, because it was on Rosh Hashanah when their mothers conceived after many years of infertility. It is critically important to recite the traditional Piyutim (hymns) on Rosh Hashanah, and to use the precise text, each community according to its custom.

  In this conversation, Thabo Shole-Mashel delves into the norms and practices of customary laws and discusses how a customary marriage could be officially recognized with Tebello Motshwane, attorney and founder of Sister In Law. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Earlier this year, Treaty Negotiations Minister Paul Goldsmith in a private meeting with Oceans and Fisheries Minister Shane Jones and seafood industry representatives discussed potential changes to the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011, which is a piece of legislation that replaced the controversial Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004.  The Takutai Moana Act allows Māori to apply for certain customary rights over the foreshore and seabed under customary marine title.  The government intends to change section 58 of the Act which currently requires an applicant group to prove they have "exclusively used and occupied it from 1840 to the present day without substantial interruption". The proposed changes would change the section 58 test to reduce the 100% of coastline subject to customary marine title to 5%. As a result, an urgent Waitangi Tribunal claim into the government's proposed changes to the Act had its hearings this week.  This is the seventh urgent inquiry by the Tribunal into the coalition government's policies.  Producer Sofia spoke to lawyer at Te Mata Law, Harry Clatworthy (Ngāti Ranginui, Ngai Te Rangi, and Ngāti Uenuku-Kōpako), about these proposed changes as well as the historical context of foreshore and seabed ownership in Aotearoa.

Lands Commission is encouraging customary land holders across the country to establish a national secretariat to help in records keeping. According to the commission, this will be a big intervention of the law is to ensure sanity in activities surrounding the customary land holdings

Would you rather spend an hour in Dahmer's house or Alex's bathroom? Probably Dahmer's house. In this episode, the boys talk about the infamous Medieval Times, measurement systems, and balancing your life. Enjoy! Patreon:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/therealdevilsadvocatepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Website:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.therealdevilsadvocatepodcast.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Facebook:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/therealdevilsadvocatepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ IG:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/therealdevilsadvocatepodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Twitter:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/devil_podcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Free Facebook Group:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/groups/1527651661082644/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Intro Theme Music Written By Ben Altizer and Alex Ward Cover Art Designed by Justin Catron @Plagued1994 Produced, Mixed, and Mastered by ©Altizer Audio

Almost immediately after Thomas Becket's murder, reports of miraculous healings and divine interventions spread like wildfire. Canterbury witnessed a huge influx of hundreds of thousands of pilgrims from all over Europe, boosting the city's wealth.In this final episode of our series about Becket, Matt Lewis is joined by Dr. John Jenkins to look at the cult of Becket, how it spread across the continent and continues to this day to keep Canterbury up there among the UK's top destinations, exactly 850 years since King Henry II went to do penance for his involvement in Becket's murder in the cathedral.John Jenkins, of the University of York, recently edited and translated The Customary of the Shrine of St Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral, a fifteenth-century 'operating manual' to Britain's most important shrine available as an Open Access ebook and in paperback from Arc Humanities Press.Gone Medieval is presented by Matt Lewis. It was edited by Ella Blaxill, the producers are Rob Weinberg and Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.Gone Medieval is a History Hit podcast.Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original TV documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Sign up HERE for 50% off your first 3 months using code ‘MEDIEVAL' https://historyhit.com/subscriptionYou can take part in our listener survey here: https://uk.surveymonkey.com/r/6FFT7MK

Te Pāti Māori is warning the government its move to overturn a court decision on marine customary rights risks a return to the big Foreshore and Seabed protests of 20 years ago. Lillian Hanly has more.

The Government wants to override a Court of Appeal decision over Māori claims to coastlines.  The Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations Minister has announced plans to tighten restrictions, requiring iwi seeking Customary Marine Titles to prove they've had continuous exclusive use and ownership of the area since 1840.  Paul Goldsmith told Mike Hosking a 2023 court ruling went too far in weakening the eligibility test, and now they're having to tidy it up.  He says while it is unusual for the Government to override the courts, a high threshold must be reinstated.  LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

  Tshidi Madia in for Clement Manyathela speaks to Tebello Motshwane, an attorney and founder of Sister In Law about what constitute a customary marriages and how to dissolve it.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Exploring the themes of skill and heroism in Hemingway's Pulitzer Prize novel! 

Northwest Bible Church – April 21, 2024 – 2 Thess. – Alan Conner 2 Thess. 3:17-18 Closing Words Intro A. PAUL'S PERSONAL SIGNATURE (2 Thess. 3:17). 1. Customary use of a secretary (amanuensis). 2. Authenticate against forgeries. 3. Paul's consistent pattern. 4. His signature. “distinguishing mark” - 5. Important for identifying the canon. B. FINAL BENEDICTION (2 Thess. 3:18). 1. Second benediction 2. Grace from Christ a. Grace comes through Christ b. Grace – what is it? c. Christ's peace (2 Thess. 3:16) comes from Christ's grace. 3. Be with you all. Conclusion

Hello Checking VAR FAM. This weekend the magic of the FA Cup was alive and well. Great games all around! Hope you enjoy our round-up!

In today's episode, you will learn a series of vocabulary words that are connected to a specific topic. This lesson will help you improve your ability to speak English fluently about a specific topic. It will also help you feel more confident in your English abilities.5 Vocabulary Words Related to the topicAdaptability (noun): The ability to adjust and thrive in different environments, especially those with diverse cultural norms. Example Sentences: Successful expatriates often possess a high level of adaptability, allowing them to assimilate seamlessly into new cultures.Language learners demonstrate adaptability when they can switch between formal and informal speech appropriately.The company values employees who show adaptability in responding positively to changes in the workplace.Sensitivity (noun): Awareness and understanding of the feelings and needs of others, especially in relation to cultural differences. Example Sentences: Cross-cultural sensitivity is crucial for effective communication in a globalized workplace.Showing sensitivity to dietary restrictions is essential when hosting guests from diverse cultural backgrounds.Teachers need to exhibit sensitivity to students' cultural backgrounds to create an inclusive learning environment.Tact (noun): Skill and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult issues without causing offense. Example Sentences: The manager handled the employee's criticism with tact, addressing concerns without undermining morale.When discussing cultural differences, it's important to express opinions with tact to avoid unintentional offense.Tactful negotiation is a key skill in international business dealings.Customary (adjective): According to the customs or usual practices of a particular society or group. Example Sentences: In some cultures, it is customary to bow as a sign of respect when greeting someone.Wearing traditional attire is customary during festive celebrations in many societies.The exchange of gifts is a customary practice during certain religious ceremonies.Nuance (noun): A subtle difference or distinction, especially in meaning, expression, or understanding. Example Sentences: Understanding the cultural nuances of humor can prevent misunderstandings in cross-cultural communication.The success of the negotiation depended on grasping the nuanced implications of each party's statements.Learning a language involves not only grammar but also recognizing the nuances of idiomatic expressions.A Paragraph using the 5 vocabulary wordsCultural etiquette is a multifaceted concept that demands adaptability and a heightened sensitivity to navigate the diverse customs of different societies. In today's society, individuals with a keen sense of adaptability can easily integrate into new cultural environments, understanding and respecting the customary norms unique to each community. However, sensitivity plays a vital role in cultural interactions, as individuals must be attuned to the nuances of non-verbal communication, ensuring that their actions align with the unspoken expectations of a particular culture. In addition, tact is equally essential; it involves the application of respect to navigate potentially delicate situations. All in all, cultural etiquette is a dynamic interplay of adaptability, sensitivity, and tact, along with an appreciation for the customary

In this episode of the Ducks Unlimited podcast, host Katie Burke interviews guest Rick Milligan, a call and decoy collector. Rick shares his passion for collecting and discusses those who served as mentors to him in the field. They also talk about an upcoming exhibition in the museum and delve into Rick's introduction to the outdoors and hunting. Tune in to hear Rick's journey as an outdoorsman and call collector.www.ducks.org/DUPodcast

Did you know that in Japan, it is considered rude to blow your nose in public? Learn more fascinating facts about Japan that may confuse tourists in this informative read!  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A Parihaka kaumatua hopes a 70-kilometre swathe of the Taranaki coastline will eventually become a mātaitai or customary fishing reserve. Mahara Okeroa was instrumental in putting in place a rāhui on the taking of seafood along the coastline and getting it legally recognised. Our Taranaki Whanganui reporter Robin Martin has more

This week is all about Montreal, Canada and the French-influenced culture just North of the Border. We tagged along on our friend Patrick's (see Episode 66 for more info) vacation and were transported into Europe when we were met by Old Montreal's historic architecture. We were in for quite the twist when we found an underground city with 20 miles of shops, restaurants, transit - a fully functioning metropolis below ground! Our food experience, though, was rather dysfunctional. From Labor Day closings to charred kebabs and cold steak, we kept in the Skiptown tradition of rollercoaster restaurant adventures. Still, being among top sites like Notre-Dame Basilica, Mont Royal, Olympic Park, Old Port and SO MANY charming neighborhoods, we LOVED Montreal's vibrant, cosmopolitan flair. We're suckers for the European culture that lives just a few hours from Upstate New York and a return trip is already in the works... who's joining us in June, 2024? We're going to be dropping an "Ask a Local" Episode for Montreal on our YouTube Channel soon. Check it out! And be sure to chase us around on the daily on the socials of your choice here. #emptynest #fulltank

Te Rā - the only known customary Māori sail in existence - has returned to New Zealand for a short time. The piece is usually stored at the British Museum in London, and is currently at the Christchurch Art Gallery.  It will move to Tāmaki Paenga Hira, the Auckland War Memorial Museum, from November 18, before returning to London next May. Auckland Museum Curator Dr Kahutoi Te Kanawa spoke to Ingrid Hipkiss. Update: an earlier version was published to say Te Rā is on display at the British Museum, but it is stored at the British Museum and hasn't been on display since 1998.

Customary foods for rosh hashana… Which bracha comes first? Playing cards (kelipot) “Spicy” Basar beChalav shaila

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Last week, we began a difficult chapter, chapter 15, in the Book of Leviticus, and we dealt with discharges that primarily came from men. And now as I shared with you, in the second part of our study, in this 15 Chapter, women are going to take the focus. To donate please visit us at: https://loveisrael.org/donate/ Checks may be sent to: LoveIsrael.org 6355 N Courtenay Parkway Merritt Island, FL 32953 Feel free to download our MyBibleStudy App on telephone https://get.theapp.co/yjjq we don't know how long we can post the teachings on YT https://www.instagram.com/mybiblestudyofficial/

Last week, we began a difficult chapter, chapter 15, in the Book of Leviticus, and we dealt with discharges that primarily came from men. And now as I shared with you, in the second part of our study, in this 15 Chapter, women are going to take the focus. To donate please visit us at: https://loveisrael.org/donate/ Checks may be sent to: LoveIsrael.org 6355 N Courtenay Parkway Merritt Island, FL 32953 Feel free to download our MyBibleStudy App on telephone https://get.theapp.co/yjjq we don't know how long we can post the teachings on YT https://www.instagram.com/mybiblestudyofficial/

Would you trust a random bottle of soda or other beverage left on top of a vending machine? What about inside the retrieval area of a vending machine? Customary in Japan in 1985, extra bottles that would come out of the vending machines were left around or on top of the vending machine for others to enjoy. But someone took advantage of this AND a Pharmaceutical companies promotion and turned it into a scary game of Russian Roulette. The only thing is; these victims were unknowingly playing. Follow us on IG @thespookybarberbabes for Krystals case files on the episode --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/spookybarberbabes/support

An unedited ramble in which I talk without a specific plan, includes a recording of my daughter speaking English, and a few songs on the guitar. Video version available.Episode page with song lyrics