Podcasts about Keyhole

Part two of the spring 2025 installment of Unearthed! features the potpourri category, plus drones/radar/lidar, books and letters, animals, edibles and potables, shipwrecks, swords (sort of) and cats. Research: Roque, Nika. “Maria Orosa, fellow World War II heroes laid to rest at San Agustin Church.” GMA Integrated News. 2/14/2025. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/936107/maria-orosa-fellow-world-war-ii-heroes-laid-to-rest-at-san-agustin-church/story/ Adam, David. “Does a new genetic analysis finally reveal the identity of Jack the Ripper?” Science. 3/15/2019. https://www.science.org/content/article/does-new-genetic-analysis-finally-reveal-identity-jack-ripper Jeffries, Ella. “These Everyday Artifacts Tell the Story of Harriet Tubman’s Father’s Home as Climate Change Threatens the Historic Site.” Smithsonian Magazine. 3/14/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-everyday-artifacts-tell-the-story-of-harriet-tubmans-fathers-home-as-climate-change-threatens-historic-site-as-climate-change-180986204/ The History Blog. “Lavish private baths found in Pompeii villa.” 1/18/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72199 Balmer, Crispian. “Rare frescoes unearthed in Pompeii shed light on ancient rituals.” Reuters. 2/26/2025. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/rare-frescoes-unearthed-pompeii-shed-light-ancient-rituals-2025-02-26/ Lawler, Daniel. “How did this man's brain turn to glass? Scientists have a theory.” Phys.org. 2/27/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-brain-glass-scientists-theory.html The History Blog. “Footprints fleeing Bronze Age eruption of Vesuvius found.” 1/31/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72318 net. “Archaeologists Identify ‘Lost’ Anglo-Saxon Site Depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry.” 1/2025. https://www.medievalists.net/2025/01/archaeologists-identify-lost-anglo-saxon-site-depicted-in-the-bayeux-tapestry/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Fragment of Epic Medieval Bayeux Tapestry Rediscovered in Germany.” Artnet. 3/5/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/bayeux-tapestry-fragment-rediscovered-in-germany-2615620 Schrader, Adam. “Is There Graffiti of a Legendary Film Star Under the Lincoln Memorial?.” Artnet. 2/23/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/graffiti-of-a-legendary-film-star-under-the-lincoln-memorial-2611242 National Museums Northern Ireland. “Further research Suggests Remains Found in Bellaghy Likely to be Female.” https://www.nationalmuseumsni.org/news/ballymacombs-more-woman Boucher, Brian. “Who Owned This Fabulous Hoard of Viking Treasure? A New Translation Offers a Clue.” ArtNet. 2/21/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/galloway-hoard-communal-wealth-translated-inscription-2611850 Randall, Kayla. “Josephine Baker’s Memoir Is Now Being Published for the First Time in English.” Smithsonian. 3/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/josephine-baker-memoir-now-published-first-time-english-180985963/ Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Discover Intricately Decorated Tomb Belonging to a Doctor Who Treated Egyptian Pharaohs 4,100 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 1/10/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-intricately-decorated-tomb-belonging-to-a-doctor-who-treated-egyptian-pharaohs-4100-years-ago-180985788/ University of Vienna. “Analysis of skull from Ephesos confirms it is not Cleopatra's sister.” 1/10/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-analysis-skull-ephesos-cleopatra-sister.html Weber, G.W., Šimková, P.G., Fernandes, D. et al. The cranium from the Octagon in Ephesos. Sci Rep 15, 943 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83870-x Ferguson, Donna. “Archaeologists discover 3,500 year-old tomb of ‘missing pharaoh’ in Egypt.” The Guardian. 1/19/2025. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/19/first-new-pharaohs-tomb-to-be-found-in-over-a-century-discovered-in-egypt Ferguson, Donna. “‘You dream about such things’: Brit who discovered missing pharaoh’s tomb may have unearthed another.” The Guardian. 2/22/2025. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/feb/22/you-dream-about-such-things-brit-who-discovered-missing-pharaohs-tomb-may-have-unearthed-another State Information Service. “New Discoveries illuminate the Legacy of Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple in Luxor.” 1/8/2025. https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/204116/New-Discoveries-illuminate-the-Legacy-of-Queen-Hatshepsut%E2%80%99s-Temple-in-Luxor?lang=en-us Lynch, Cherise. “Penn Museum, Egyptian archaeologists discover tomb of unnamed pharaoh.” 3/27/2025. https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/penn-museum-egypt-unnamed-pharaoh/4145053/ Melly, Brian. “The scent of the mummy. Research discovers ancient Egyptian remains smell nice.” Phys.org. 2/16/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-scent-mummy-ancient-egyptian-nice.html Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Suitcase Belonging to King Tut Tomb Explorer Sells for More Than 11 Times Its Estimate.” ArtNet. 2/28/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/howard-carter-suitcase-king-tut-2612417 Erb-Satullo, Nathaniel L. et al. “Mega-Fortresses in the South Caucasus: New Data from Southern Georgia.” Antiquity 99.403 (2025): 150–169. Web. Cranfield University. “Drone mapping unveils 3,000-year-old fortress, reshaping ancient history.” Phys.org. 1/8/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-drone-unveils-year-fortress-reshaping.html Randall, Ian. “Sprawling Lost City From 600 Years Ago Revealed.” 1/30/2025. https://www.newsweek.com/lost-city-mexico-guiengola-zapotec-forest-lidar-archaeology-2023494 Anderson, Sonja. “Researchers Have Found an Inca Tunnel Beneath the Peruvian City of Cusco.” Smithsonian. 1/21/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-have-found-an-inca-tunnel-beneath-the-Peruvian-city-of-cusco-180985872/ Politecnico di Milano. “Ground-penetrating radar reveals new secrets under Milan's Sforza Castle.” EurekAlert. 1/14/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1070514 Schrader, Adam. “Rare 19th-Century Painting by Beloved Black Artist Found in a Thrift Store.” Artnet. 1/6/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/william-henry-dorsey-thrift-store-painting-2595107 Kinsella, Eileen. “Unique 19th-Century Double-Sided Portrait by American Folk Art Icon Resurfaces.” Artnet. 1/6/2025. https://news.artnet.com/market/ammi-phillips-double-portrait-rediscovered-christies-2595027 Whiddington, Richard. “A Famed Painting of Venice’s Grand Canal Is Reattributed to a Precocious 16-Year-Old.” ArtNet. 3/11/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/a-grand-canal-painting-bellotto-wallace-collection-2618974 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Lavinia Fontana’s Lost Miniature Resurfaces at Texas Auction.” 1/20/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/miniature-portrait-lavinia-fontana-2599828 Wizevich, Eli. “Expert Rediscovers Painting by Renaissance Master Lavinia Fontana, One of the First Professional Female Artists.” Smithsonian. 3/26/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/experts-rediscover-painting-by-renaissance-master-lavinia-fontana-one-of-the-first-professional-female-artists-180986307/ The Collector. “Digitization Reveals Cathedral’s Hidden Medieval Wall Paintings.” https://www.thecollector.com/digitization-reveals-hidden-medieval-wall-paintings/ The History Blog. “Hidden 13th c. murals of Angers Cathedral documented for the 1st time.” 1/14/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72156 Almeroth-Williams, Tom. “Islamic ‘altar tent’ discovery.” University of Cambridge. https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/islamic-altar-tent Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Van Gogh Museum Rules $50 Garage Sale Painting Is Not a $15 Million Masterpiece.” Artnet. 1/29/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/van-gogh-lmi-group-2602847 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “$50 Van Gogh? Experts Say No, Offering Alternative Attribution in Dramatic Art Dispute.” ArtNet. 2/3/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/van-gogh-lmi-henning-elimar-attribution-2604921 The History Blog. “Hellenistic era statue found in garbage bag.” 2/5/2025. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72363 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “18th-Century Drawing Rescued From a Dumpster Shatters Estimates at Auction.” Artnet. 3/14/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/how-did-this-18th-century-english-drawing-end-up-in-a-new-york-dumpster-2611654 “Police, art sleuth crack case of Brueghel stolen in Poland in 1974. 3/3/2025. https://www.rfi.fr/en/international-news/20250303-police-art-sleuth-crack-case-of-brueghel-stolen-in-poland-in-1974 Jeffries, Ella. “Eagle-Eyed Experts Say They’ve Solved the Mystery of a Missing Masterpiece—Half a Century After It Was Stolen.” Smithsonian. 3/5/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/eagle-eyed-experts-say-theyve-solved-the-mystery-of-a-missing-masterpiece-half-a-century-after-it-was-stolen-180986157/ Heritage UK. “Could This Mysterious Portrait Be Lady Jane Grey?” 3/7/2025. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/about/search-news/could-this-mysterious-portrait-be-lady-jane-grey/ Archaeology Magazine. “Ancient Greek Statues Smelled of Perfume.” https://archaeology.org/news/2025/03/17/ancient-greek-statues-smelled-of-perfume/ Kuta, Sarah. “Man Finds Rare Trove of Winnie-the-Pooh Drawings and Manuscripts in His Father’s Attic.” Smithsonian. 1/28/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/man-finds-rare-trove-of-winnie-the-pooh-drawings-and-manuscripts-in-his-fathers-attic-180985907/ Leiden University. “Keyhole surgery on old books leads to discovery of medieval fragments.” Phys.org. 1/13/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-keyhole-surgery-discovery-medieval-fragments.html Killgrove, Kristina. “Curse tablet found in Roman-era grave in France targets enemies by invoking Mars, the god of war.” 1/15/2025. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/curse-tablet-found-in-roman-era-grave-in-france-targets-enemies-by-invoking-mars-the-god-of-war Wells, Robert. “Ancient artifacts unearthed in Iraq shed light on hidden history of Mesopotamia.” EurekAlert. 1/14/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1070460 net. “Earliest Known Rune-Stone Discovered in Norway.” https://www.medievalists.net/2025/02/earliest-known-rune-stone-discovered-in-norway/ Archaeology Magazine. “Oldest Example of Writing in Northern Iberia.” 1/25/2025. https://archaeology.org/news/2025/02/25/oldest-example-of-writing-in-northern-iberia/ Whiddington, Richard. “Century-Old Bottle Turns Up Behind a Historic Theater Stage—With a Sealed Note.” Artnet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/century-old-bottle-discovered-in-kings-theatre-2615505 University of Oxford. “Researcher uncovers hidden copy of Shakespeare sonnet.” Phys.org. 3/3/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-uncovers-hidden-shakespeare-sonnet.html net. “Over 110,000 Medieval Manuscripts May Have Been Copied by Women.” https://www.medievalists.net/2025/03/110000-medieval-manuscripts-women/ Ommundsen, Å., Conti, A.K., Haaland, Ø.A. et al. How many medieval and early modern manuscripts were copied by female scribes? A bibliometric analysis based on colophons. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 12, 346 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04666-6 Pacillo, Lara. “Paleolithic ingenuity: 13,000-year-old 3D map discovered in France.” Phys.org. 1/14/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-paleolithic-ingenuity-year-3d-france.html Oster, Sandee. “Archaeologists reveal 8,000-year-old bone powder cooking practice in ancient China.” Phys.org. 1/15/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-archaeologists-reveal-year-bone-powder.html “Dried plants 19th-century Australian colonial institution indicate secret, illicit snacking among residents.” Phys.org. 1/21/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-dried-19th-century-australian-colonial.html Connor, Kimberley. “History under the floorboards: Decoding the diets of institutionalized women in 19th century Sydney.” Phys.org. 1/22/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-history-floorboards-decoding-diets-institutionalized.html#google_vignette The History Blog. “Earliest distilled liquor in China found in owl vessel.” 1/22/2025. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72239 Naiden, Alena. “An ancient Dene cache discovered at JBER highlights Anchorage’s Indigenous history.” Alaska Public Radio. 1/22/2025. https://alaskapublic.org/news/alaska-desk/2025-01-22/an-ancient-dene-cache-discovered-at-jber-highlights-anchorages-indigenous-history Kuta, Sarah. “This 1,600-Year-Old Filter Helped Ancient Drinkers Sip Beverages Through a Straw.” Smithsonian. 1/20/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-1600-year-old-filter-helped-ancient-drinkers-sip-beverages-through-a-straw-180986073/ Archaeology Magazine. “Study Finds Evidence of Early Alcoholic Drinks in Brazil.” 2/18/2025. https://archaeology.org/news/2025/02/18/study-finds-evidence-of-early-alcoholic-drinks-in-brazil/ University of York. “The early roots of Carnival? Research reveals evidence of seasonal celebrations in pre-colonial Brazil.” 5/2/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-early-roots-carnival-reveals-evidence.html net. “Medieval Birds of Prey Feasted on Human Waste, Study Finds.” https://www.medievalists.net/2025/01/medieval-birds-of-prey-feasted-on-human-waste-study-finds/ Autonomous University of Barcelona. “Iberian Neolithic herders were already strategically managing cattle herds 6,000 years ago.” 2/3/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-iberian-neolithic-herders-strategically-cattle.html Kuta, Sarah. “Mammoth Bones Used to Build Mysterious 25,000-Year-Old Site in Russia Came From Different Herds.” 2/3/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mammoth-bones-used-to-build-mysterious-25000-year-old-site-in-russia-came-from-different-herds-180985977/ Vrak Museum of Wrecks. “Oldest Carvel-built Ship from the Nordic Countries Discovered.” 2/21/2025. https://www.vrak.se/en/news/oldest-carvel-built-ship-in-nordics-found/ Archaeology Magazine. “Brazilian Ship Struck by WWII U-Boat Located.” 2/19/2025. https://archaeology.org/news/2025/02/19/brazilian-ship-sunk-by-wwii-u-boat-located/ Kuta, Sarah. “Warship Sunk by the Nazis During World War II Located Off the Coast of Brazil.” Smithsonian. 2/5/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/warship-sunk-by-the-nazis-during-world-war-ii-located-off-the-coast-of-brazil-180985996/ Richmond, Todd. “Explorers discover wreckage of cargo ship that sank in Lake Superior storm more than 130 years ago.” Phys.org. 3/11/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-explorers-wreckage-cargo-ship-sank.html Wizevich, Eli. “Metal Detectorists Stumble Upon a Rare 2,000-Year-Old Roman Sword in Poland.” Smithsonian. 2/25/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorists-stumble-upon-a-rare-2000-year-old-roman-sword-in-poland-180986101/ Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Unearth Early Medieval Sword Engraved With Mysterious Runes in a Cemetery in England.” Smithsonian. 1/6/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-unearth-early-medieval-sword-engraved-with-mysterious-runes-in-a-cemetery-in-england-180985768/ The History Blog. “Rare two-handed medieval sword, axes found in Poland.” 2/21/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72486 The History Blog. “1,000-year-old scabbard fitting found in Poland.” 3/26/2025. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72759 Pare, Sascha. “Pet cats arrived in China via the Silk Road 1,400 years ago, ancient DNA study finds.” LiveScience. 3/9/2025. https://www.livescience.com/animals/domestic-cats/pet-cats-arrived-in-china-via-the-silk-road-1-400-years-ago-ancient-dna-study-finds Kuta, Sarah. “Staffers Find a Japanese Hand Grenade From World War II at a Museum in Kentucky.” Smithsonian. 1/27/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/staffers-find-a-japanese-hand-grenade-from-world-war-ii-at-a-museum-in-kentucky-180985885/ Dimacali, Timothy James. “Ancient seafarers in Southeast Asia may have built advanced boats 40,000 years ago.” Phys.org. 2/21/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-ancient-seafarers-southeast-asia-built.htm See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The first part of our springtime edition of Unearthed! for 2025 features so many updates! There are also finds related to Egypt and artwork. Research: Roque, Nika. “Maria Orosa, fellow World War II heroes laid to rest at San Agustin Church.” GMA Integrated News. 2/14/2025. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/936107/maria-orosa-fellow-world-war-ii-heroes-laid-to-rest-at-san-agustin-church/story/ Adam, David. “Does a new genetic analysis finally reveal the identity of Jack the Ripper?” Science. 3/15/2019. https://www.science.org/content/article/does-new-genetic-analysis-finally-reveal-identity-jack-ripper Jeffries, Ella. “These Everyday Artifacts Tell the Story of Harriet Tubman’s Father’s Home as Climate Change Threatens the Historic Site.” Smithsonian Magazine. 3/14/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-everyday-artifacts-tell-the-story-of-harriet-tubmans-fathers-home-as-climate-change-threatens-historic-site-as-climate-change-180986204/ The History Blog. “Lavish private baths found in Pompeii villa.” 1/18/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72199 Balmer, Crispian. “Rare frescoes unearthed in Pompeii shed light on ancient rituals.” Reuters. 2/26/2025. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/rare-frescoes-unearthed-pompeii-shed-light-ancient-rituals-2025-02-26/ Lawler, Daniel. “How did this man's brain turn to glass? Scientists have a theory.” Phys.org. 2/27/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-brain-glass-scientists-theory.html The History Blog. “Footprints fleeing Bronze Age eruption of Vesuvius found.” 1/31/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72318 net. “Archaeologists Identify ‘Lost’ Anglo-Saxon Site Depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry.” 1/2025. https://www.medievalists.net/2025/01/archaeologists-identify-lost-anglo-saxon-site-depicted-in-the-bayeux-tapestry/ Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Fragment of Epic Medieval Bayeux Tapestry Rediscovered in Germany.” Artnet. 3/5/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/bayeux-tapestry-fragment-rediscovered-in-germany-2615620 Schrader, Adam. “Is There Graffiti of a Legendary Film Star Under the Lincoln Memorial?.” Artnet. 2/23/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/graffiti-of-a-legendary-film-star-under-the-lincoln-memorial-2611242 National Museums Northern Ireland. “Further research Suggests Remains Found in Bellaghy Likely to be Female.” https://www.nationalmuseumsni.org/news/ballymacombs-more-woman Boucher, Brian. “Who Owned This Fabulous Hoard of Viking Treasure? A New Translation Offers a Clue.” ArtNet. 2/21/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/galloway-hoard-communal-wealth-translated-inscription-2611850 Randall, Kayla. “Josephine Baker’s Memoir Is Now Being Published for the First Time in English.” Smithsonian. 3/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/josephine-baker-memoir-now-published-first-time-english-180985963/ Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Discover Intricately Decorated Tomb Belonging to a Doctor Who Treated Egyptian Pharaohs 4,100 Years Ago.” Smithsonian. 1/10/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-discover-intricately-decorated-tomb-belonging-to-a-doctor-who-treated-egyptian-pharaohs-4100-years-ago-180985788/ University of Vienna. “Analysis of skull from Ephesos confirms it is not Cleopatra's sister.” 1/10/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-analysis-skull-ephesos-cleopatra-sister.html Weber, G.W., Šimková, P.G., Fernandes, D. et al. The cranium from the Octagon in Ephesos. Sci Rep 15, 943 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83870-x Ferguson, Donna. “Archaeologists discover 3,500 year-old tomb of ‘missing pharaoh’ in Egypt.” The Guardian. 1/19/2025. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/19/first-new-pharaohs-tomb-to-be-found-in-over-a-century-discovered-in-egypt Ferguson, Donna. “‘You dream about such things’: Brit who discovered missing pharaoh’s tomb may have unearthed another.” The Guardian. 2/22/2025. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/feb/22/you-dream-about-such-things-brit-who-discovered-missing-pharaohs-tomb-may-have-unearthed-another State Information Service. “New Discoveries illuminate the Legacy of Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple in Luxor.” 1/8/2025. https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/204116/New-Discoveries-illuminate-the-Legacy-of-Queen-Hatshepsut%E2%80%99s-Temple-in-Luxor?lang=en-us Lynch, Cherise. “Penn Museum, Egyptian archaeologists discover tomb of unnamed pharaoh.” 3/27/2025. https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/penn-museum-egypt-unnamed-pharaoh/4145053/ Melly, Brian. “The scent of the mummy. Research discovers ancient Egyptian remains smell nice.” Phys.org. 2/16/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-scent-mummy-ancient-egyptian-nice.html Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Suitcase Belonging to King Tut Tomb Explorer Sells for More Than 11 Times Its Estimate.” ArtNet. 2/28/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/howard-carter-suitcase-king-tut-2612417 Erb-Satullo, Nathaniel L. et al. “Mega-Fortresses in the South Caucasus: New Data from Southern Georgia.” Antiquity 99.403 (2025): 150–169. Web. Cranfield University. “Drone mapping unveils 3,000-year-old fortress, reshaping ancient history.” Phys.org. 1/8/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-drone-unveils-year-fortress-reshaping.html Randall, Ian. “Sprawling Lost City From 600 Years Ago Revealed.” 1/30/2025. https://www.newsweek.com/lost-city-mexico-guiengola-zapotec-forest-lidar-archaeology-2023494 Anderson, Sonja. “Researchers Have Found an Inca Tunnel Beneath the Peruvian City of Cusco.” Smithsonian. 1/21/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/researchers-have-found-an-inca-tunnel-beneath-the-Peruvian-city-of-cusco-180985872/ Politecnico di Milano. “Ground-penetrating radar reveals new secrets under Milan's Sforza Castle.” EurekAlert. 1/14/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1070514 Schrader, Adam. “Rare 19th-Century Painting by Beloved Black Artist Found in a Thrift Store.” Artnet. 1/6/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/william-henry-dorsey-thrift-store-painting-2595107 Kinsella, Eileen. “Unique 19th-Century Double-Sided Portrait by American Folk Art Icon Resurfaces.” Artnet. 1/6/2025. https://news.artnet.com/market/ammi-phillips-double-portrait-rediscovered-christies-2595027 Whiddington, Richard. “A Famed Painting of Venice’s Grand Canal Is Reattributed to a Precocious 16-Year-Old.” ArtNet. 3/11/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/a-grand-canal-painting-bellotto-wallace-collection-2618974 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Lavinia Fontana’s Lost Miniature Resurfaces at Texas Auction.” 1/20/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/miniature-portrait-lavinia-fontana-2599828 Wizevich, Eli. “Expert Rediscovers Painting by Renaissance Master Lavinia Fontana, One of the First Professional Female Artists.” Smithsonian. 3/26/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/experts-rediscover-painting-by-renaissance-master-lavinia-fontana-one-of-the-first-professional-female-artists-180986307/ The Collector. “Digitization Reveals Cathedral’s Hidden Medieval Wall Paintings.” https://www.thecollector.com/digitization-reveals-hidden-medieval-wall-paintings/ The History Blog. “Hidden 13th c. murals of Angers Cathedral documented for the 1st time.” 1/14/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72156 Almeroth-Williams, Tom. “Islamic ‘altar tent’ discovery.” University of Cambridge. https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/islamic-altar-tent Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “Van Gogh Museum Rules $50 Garage Sale Painting Is Not a $15 Million Masterpiece.” Artnet. 1/29/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/van-gogh-lmi-group-2602847 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “$50 Van Gogh? Experts Say No, Offering Alternative Attribution in Dramatic Art Dispute.” ArtNet. 2/3/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/van-gogh-lmi-henning-elimar-attribution-2604921 The History Blog. “Hellenistic era statue found in garbage bag.” 2/5/2025. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72363 Lawson-Tancred, Jo. “18th-Century Drawing Rescued From a Dumpster Shatters Estimates at Auction.” Artnet. 3/14/2025. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/how-did-this-18th-century-english-drawing-end-up-in-a-new-york-dumpster-2611654 “Police, art sleuth crack case of Brueghel stolen in Poland in 1974. 3/3/2025. https://www.rfi.fr/en/international-news/20250303-police-art-sleuth-crack-case-of-brueghel-stolen-in-poland-in-1974 Jeffries, Ella. “Eagle-Eyed Experts Say They’ve Solved the Mystery of a Missing Masterpiece—Half a Century After It Was Stolen.” Smithsonian. 3/5/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/eagle-eyed-experts-say-theyve-solved-the-mystery-of-a-missing-masterpiece-half-a-century-after-it-was-stolen-180986157/ Heritage UK. “Could This Mysterious Portrait Be Lady Jane Grey?” 3/7/2025. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/about/search-news/could-this-mysterious-portrait-be-lady-jane-grey/ Archaeology Magazine. “Ancient Greek Statues Smelled of Perfume.” https://archaeology.org/news/2025/03/17/ancient-greek-statues-smelled-of-perfume/ Kuta, Sarah. “Man Finds Rare Trove of Winnie-the-Pooh Drawings and Manuscripts in His Father’s Attic.” Smithsonian. 1/28/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/man-finds-rare-trove-of-winnie-the-pooh-drawings-and-manuscripts-in-his-fathers-attic-180985907/ Leiden University. “Keyhole surgery on old books leads to discovery of medieval fragments.” Phys.org. 1/13/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-keyhole-surgery-discovery-medieval-fragments.html Killgrove, Kristina. “Curse tablet found in Roman-era grave in France targets enemies by invoking Mars, the god of war.” 1/15/2025. https://www.livescience.com/archaeology/curse-tablet-found-in-roman-era-grave-in-france-targets-enemies-by-invoking-mars-the-god-of-war Wells, Robert. “Ancient artifacts unearthed in Iraq shed light on hidden history of Mesopotamia.” EurekAlert. 1/14/2025. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1070460 net. “Earliest Known Rune-Stone Discovered in Norway.” https://www.medievalists.net/2025/02/earliest-known-rune-stone-discovered-in-norway/ Archaeology Magazine. “Oldest Example of Writing in Northern Iberia.” 1/25/2025. https://archaeology.org/news/2025/02/25/oldest-example-of-writing-in-northern-iberia/ Whiddington, Richard. “Century-Old Bottle Turns Up Behind a Historic Theater Stage—With a Sealed Note.” Artnet. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/century-old-bottle-discovered-in-kings-theatre-2615505 University of Oxford. “Researcher uncovers hidden copy of Shakespeare sonnet.” Phys.org. 3/3/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-uncovers-hidden-shakespeare-sonnet.html net. “Over 110,000 Medieval Manuscripts May Have Been Copied by Women.” https://www.medievalists.net/2025/03/110000-medieval-manuscripts-women/ Ommundsen, Å., Conti, A.K., Haaland, Ø.A. et al. How many medieval and early modern manuscripts were copied by female scribes? A bibliometric analysis based on colophons. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 12, 346 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04666-6 Pacillo, Lara. “Paleolithic ingenuity: 13,000-year-old 3D map discovered in France.” Phys.org. 1/14/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-paleolithic-ingenuity-year-3d-france.html Oster, Sandee. “Archaeologists reveal 8,000-year-old bone powder cooking practice in ancient China.” Phys.org. 1/15/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-archaeologists-reveal-year-bone-powder.html “Dried plants 19th-century Australian colonial institution indicate secret, illicit snacking among residents.” Phys.org. 1/21/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-dried-19th-century-australian-colonial.html Connor, Kimberley. “History under the floorboards: Decoding the diets of institutionalized women in 19th century Sydney.” Phys.org. 1/22/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-01-history-floorboards-decoding-diets-institutionalized.html#google_vignette The History Blog. “Earliest distilled liquor in China found in owl vessel.” 1/22/2025. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72239 Naiden, Alena. “An ancient Dene cache discovered at JBER highlights Anchorage’s Indigenous history.” Alaska Public Radio. 1/22/2025. https://alaskapublic.org/news/alaska-desk/2025-01-22/an-ancient-dene-cache-discovered-at-jber-highlights-anchorages-indigenous-history Kuta, Sarah. “This 1,600-Year-Old Filter Helped Ancient Drinkers Sip Beverages Through a Straw.” Smithsonian. 1/20/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/this-1600-year-old-filter-helped-ancient-drinkers-sip-beverages-through-a-straw-180986073/ Archaeology Magazine. “Study Finds Evidence of Early Alcoholic Drinks in Brazil.” 2/18/2025. https://archaeology.org/news/2025/02/18/study-finds-evidence-of-early-alcoholic-drinks-in-brazil/ University of York. “The early roots of Carnival? Research reveals evidence of seasonal celebrations in pre-colonial Brazil.” 5/2/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-early-roots-carnival-reveals-evidence.html net. “Medieval Birds of Prey Feasted on Human Waste, Study Finds.” https://www.medievalists.net/2025/01/medieval-birds-of-prey-feasted-on-human-waste-study-finds/ Autonomous University of Barcelona. “Iberian Neolithic herders were already strategically managing cattle herds 6,000 years ago.” 2/3/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-iberian-neolithic-herders-strategically-cattle.html Kuta, Sarah. “Mammoth Bones Used to Build Mysterious 25,000-Year-Old Site in Russia Came From Different Herds.” 2/3/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mammoth-bones-used-to-build-mysterious-25000-year-old-site-in-russia-came-from-different-herds-180985977/ Vrak Museum of Wrecks. “Oldest Carvel-built Ship from the Nordic Countries Discovered.” 2/21/2025. https://www.vrak.se/en/news/oldest-carvel-built-ship-in-nordics-found/ Archaeology Magazine. “Brazilian Ship Struck by WWII U-Boat Located.” 2/19/2025. https://archaeology.org/news/2025/02/19/brazilian-ship-sunk-by-wwii-u-boat-located/ Kuta, Sarah. “Warship Sunk by the Nazis During World War II Located Off the Coast of Brazil.” Smithsonian. 2/5/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/warship-sunk-by-the-nazis-during-world-war-ii-located-off-the-coast-of-brazil-180985996/ Richmond, Todd. “Explorers discover wreckage of cargo ship that sank in Lake Superior storm more than 130 years ago.” Phys.org. 3/11/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-03-explorers-wreckage-cargo-ship-sank.html Wizevich, Eli. “Metal Detectorists Stumble Upon a Rare 2,000-Year-Old Roman Sword in Poland.” Smithsonian. 2/25/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/metal-detectorists-stumble-upon-a-rare-2000-year-old-roman-sword-in-poland-180986101/ Anderson, Sonja. “Archaeologists Unearth Early Medieval Sword Engraved With Mysterious Runes in a Cemetery in England.” Smithsonian. 1/6/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-unearth-early-medieval-sword-engraved-with-mysterious-runes-in-a-cemetery-in-england-180985768/ The History Blog. “Rare two-handed medieval sword, axes found in Poland.” 2/21/2025. https://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72486 The History Blog. “1,000-year-old scabbard fitting found in Poland.” 3/26/2025. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/72759 Pare, Sascha. “Pet cats arrived in China via the Silk Road 1,400 years ago, ancient DNA study finds.” LiveScience. 3/9/2025. https://www.livescience.com/animals/domestic-cats/pet-cats-arrived-in-china-via-the-silk-road-1-400-years-ago-ancient-dna-study-finds Kuta, Sarah. “Staffers Find a Japanese Hand Grenade From World War II at a Museum in Kentucky.” Smithsonian. 1/27/2025. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/staffers-find-a-japanese-hand-grenade-from-world-war-ii-at-a-museum-in-kentucky-180985885/ Dimacali, Timothy James. “Ancient seafarers in Southeast Asia may have built advanced boats 40,000 years ago.” Phys.org. 2/21/2025. https://phys.org/news/2025-02-ancient-seafarers-southeast-asia-built.htm See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The boys discuss how to get rid of bloat, smoking lounges and what's an appropriate Uber wait time

Loyd Grossman is a man of many talents: from appearing on our screens as the host of MasterChef and Through the Keyhole, to crafting a beloved line of pasta sauces. Loyd has left his mark on both the culinary and cultural worlds. On the podcast, Loyd talks to Lara about hazy memories of ‘sipping a Shirley Temple cocktail aged 6 or 7', the secret behind his pasta sauces, and why he loathes school meals. 

Loyd Grossman is a man of many talents: from appearing on our screens as the host of MasterChef and Through the Keyhole, to crafting a beloved line of pasta sauces. Loyd has left his mark on both the culinary and cultural worlds. On the podcast, Loyd talks to Lara about hazy memories of ‘sipping a Shirley Temple cocktail aged 6 or 7', the secret behind his pasta sauces, and why he loathes school meals. 

A Funny WednesdayFirst a look at the events of the dayThen The Henry Morgan Show, originally broadcast February 19, 1947, 78 years ago, The Radio Blood Test.  How radio affects blood pressure. Two "ad men" named "Charlie" and "Henry." "Dimitri's Keyhole": a Russian gossip program. How to save on taxes. "Offenbach On Broadway." "Hortense and Gerard." "The Coming Attractions Theatre" presents a funny preview of the movie, "Blubber.".Followed by A Day in the Life of Dennis Day, originally broadcast February 19, 1949, 76 years ago, The Missing Heir. Dennis is reluctant to attend his high school reunion. His old chum gets him to join him in an insurance fraud.Then Bob Hope, originally broadcast February 19, 1952, 73 years ago, I Wish I Was....   Bob and Hy take inventory in Bob's house which has been remodeled. Bob has dinner with guest Tyrone Power and afterwards dreams that he's Tyrone and Tyrone is Bob Hope.Followed by George Burns and Gracie Allen, originally broadcast February 19, 1948, 77 years ago, Keeping George from Making Decisions.  George has the opportunity to make $5000 in the cattle market, if only he can use the phone!Finally, Lum and Abner, originally broadcast February 19, 1942, 83 years ago, Lum is the Circulation Manager.   Lum is heading for the county seat in his new position as circulation manager. Lum tells Abner the secret password while telling him that he can't reveal the secret password. Thanks to Honeywell for supporting our podcast by using the Buy Me a Coffee function at http://classicradio.streamIf you like what we do here, visit our friend Jay at http://radio.macinmind.com for great old time radio shows 24 hours a day

If you're in SF, join us tomorrow for a fun meetup at CodeGen Night!If you're in NYC, join us for AI Engineer Summit! The Agent Engineering track is now sold out, but 25 tickets remain for AI Leadership and 5 tickets for the workshops. You can see the full schedule of speakers and workshops at https://ai.engineer!It's exceedingly hard to introduce someone like Bret Taylor. We could recite his Wikipedia page, or his extensive work history through Silicon Valley's greatest companies, but everyone else already does that.As a podcast by AI engineers for AI engineers, we had the opportunity to do something a little different. We wanted to dig into what Bret sees from his vantage point at the top of our industry for the last 2 decades, and how that explains the rise of the AI Architect at Sierra, the leading conversational AI/CX platform.“Across our customer base, we are seeing a new role emerge - the role of the AI architect. These leaders are responsible for helping define, manage and evolve their company's AI agent over time. They come from a variety of both technical and business backgrounds, and we think that every company will have one or many AI architects managing their AI agent and related experience.”In our conversation, Bret Taylor confirms the Paul Buchheit legend that he rewrote Google Maps in a weekend, armed with only the help of a then-nascent Google Closure Compiler and no other modern tooling. But what we find remarkable is that he was the PM of Maps, not an engineer, though of course he still identifies as one. We find this theme recurring throughout Bret's career and worldview. We think it is plain as day that AI leadership will have to be hands-on and technical, especially when the ground is shifting as quickly as it is today:“There's a lot of power in combining product and engineering into as few people as possible… few great things have been created by committee.”“If engineering is an order taking organization for product you can sometimes make meaningful things, but rarely will you create extremely well crafted breakthrough products. Those tend to be small teams who deeply understand the customer need that they're solving, who have a maniacal focus on outcomes.”“And I think the reason why is if you look at like software as a service five years ago, maybe you can have a separation of product and engineering because most software as a service created five years ago. I wouldn't say there's like a lot of technological breakthroughs required for most business applications. And if you're making expense reporting software or whatever, it's useful… You kind of know how databases work, how to build auto scaling with your AWS cluster, whatever, you know, it's just, you're just applying best practices to yet another problem. "When you have areas like the early days of mobile development or the early days of interactive web applications, which I think Google Maps and Gmail represent, or now AI agents, you're in this constant conversation with what the requirements of your customers and stakeholders are and all the different people interacting with it and the capabilities of the technology. And it's almost impossible to specify the requirements of a product when you're not sure of the limitations of the technology itself.”This is the first time the difference between technical leadership for “normal” software and for “AI” software was articulated this clearly for us, and we'll be thinking a lot about this going forward. We left a lot of nuggets in the conversation, so we hope you'll just dive in with us (and thank Bret for joining the pod!)Timestamps* 00:00:02 Introductions and Bret Taylor's background* 00:01:23 Bret's experience at Stanford and the dot-com era* 00:04:04 The story of rewriting Google Maps backend* 00:11:06 Early days of interactive web applications at Google* 00:15:26 Discussion on product management and engineering roles* 00:21:00 AI and the future of software development* 00:26:42 Bret's approach to identifying customer needs and building AI companies* 00:32:09 The evolution of business models in the AI era* 00:41:00 The future of programming languages and software development* 00:49:38 Challenges in precisely communicating human intent to machines* 00:56:44 Discussion on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and its impact* 01:08:51 The future of agent-to-agent communication* 01:14:03 Bret's involvement in the OpenAI leadership crisis* 01:22:11 OpenAI's relationship with Microsoft* 01:23:23 OpenAI's mission and priorities* 01:27:40 Bret's guiding principles for career choices* 01:29:12 Brief discussion on pasta-making* 01:30:47 How Bret keeps up with AI developments* 01:32:15 Exciting research directions in AI* 01:35:19 Closing remarks and hiring at Sierra Transcript[00:02:05] Introduction and Guest Welcome[00:02:05] Alessio: Hey everyone, welcome to the Latent Space Podcast. This is Alessio, partner and CTO at Decibel Partners, and I'm joined by my co host swyx, founder of smol.ai.[00:02:17] swyx: Hey, and today we're super excited to have Bret Taylor join us. Welcome. Thanks for having me. It's a little unreal to have you in the studio.[00:02:25] swyx: I've read about you so much over the years, like even before. Open AI effectively. I mean, I use Google Maps to get here. So like, thank you for everything that you've done. Like, like your story history, like, you know, I think people can find out what your greatest hits have been.[00:02:40] Bret Taylor's Early Career and Education[00:02:40] swyx: How do you usually like to introduce yourself when, you know, you talk about, you summarize your career, like, how do you look at yourself?[00:02:47] Bret: Yeah, it's a great question. You know, we, before we went on the mics here, we're talking about the audience for this podcast being more engineering. And I do think depending on the audience, I'll introduce myself differently because I've had a lot of [00:03:00] corporate and board roles. I probably self identify as an engineer more than anything else though.[00:03:04] Bret: So even when I was. Salesforce, I was coding on the weekends. So I think of myself as an engineer and then all the roles that I do in my career sort of start with that just because I do feel like engineering is sort of a mindset and how I approach most of my life. So I'm an engineer first and that's how I describe myself.[00:03:24] Bret: You majored in computer[00:03:25] swyx: science, like 1998. And, and I was high[00:03:28] Bret: school, actually my, my college degree was Oh, two undergrad. Oh, three masters. Right. That old.[00:03:33] swyx: Yeah. I mean, no, I was going, I was going like 1998 to 2003, but like engineering wasn't as, wasn't a thing back then. Like we didn't have the title of senior engineer, you know, kind of like, it was just.[00:03:44] swyx: You were a programmer, you were a developer, maybe. What was it like in Stanford? Like, what was that feeling like? You know, was it, were you feeling like on the cusp of a great computer revolution? Or was it just like a niche, you know, interest at the time?[00:03:57] Stanford and the Dot-Com Bubble[00:03:57] Bret: Well, I was at Stanford, as you said, from 1998 to [00:04:00] 2002.[00:04:02] Bret: 1998 was near the peak of the dot com bubble. So. This is back in the day where most people that they're coding in the computer lab, just because there was these sun microsystems, Unix boxes there that most of us had to do our assignments on. And every single day there was a. com like buying pizza for everybody.[00:04:20] Bret: I didn't have to like, I got. Free food, like my first two years of university and then the dot com bubble burst in the middle of my college career. And so by the end there was like tumbleweed going to the job fair, you know, it was like, cause it was hard to describe unless you were there at the time, the like level of hype and being a computer science major at Stanford was like, A thousand opportunities.[00:04:45] Bret: And then, and then when I left, it was like Microsoft, IBM.[00:04:49] Joining Google and Early Projects[00:04:49] Bret: And then the two startups that I applied to were VMware and Google. And I ended up going to Google in large part because a woman named Marissa Meyer, who had been a teaching [00:05:00] assistant when I was, what was called a section leader, which was like a junior teaching assistant kind of for one of the big interest.[00:05:05] Bret: Yes. Classes. She had gone there. And she was recruiting me and I knew her and it was sort of felt safe, you know, like, I don't know. I thought about it much, but it turned out to be a real blessing. I realized like, you know, you always want to think you'd pick Google if given the option, but no one knew at the time.[00:05:20] Bret: And I wonder if I'd graduated in like 1999 where I've been like, mom, I just got a job at pets. com. It's good. But you know, at the end I just didn't have any options. So I was like, do I want to go like make kernel software at VMware? Do I want to go build search at Google? And I chose Google. 50, 50 ball.[00:05:36] Bret: I'm not really a 50, 50 ball. So I feel very fortunate in retrospect that the economy collapsed because in some ways it forced me into like one of the greatest companies of all time, but I kind of lucked into it, I think.[00:05:47] The Google Maps Rewrite Story[00:05:47] Alessio: So the famous story about Google is that you rewrote the Google maps back in, in one week after the map quest quest maps acquisition, what was the story there?[00:05:57] Alessio: Is it. Actually true. Is it [00:06:00] being glorified? Like how, how did that come to be? And is there any detail that maybe Paul hasn't shared before?[00:06:06] Bret: It's largely true, but I'll give the color commentary. So it was actually the front end, not the back end, but it turns out for Google maps, the front end was sort of the hard part just because Google maps was.[00:06:17] Bret: Largely the first ish kind of really interactive web application, say first ish. I think Gmail certainly was though Gmail, probably a lot of people then who weren't engineers probably didn't appreciate its level of interactivity. It was just fast, but. Google maps, because you could drag the map and it was sort of graphical.[00:06:38] Bret: My, it really in the mainstream, I think, was it a map[00:06:41] swyx: quest back then that was, you had the arrows up and down, it[00:06:44] Bret: was up and down arrows. Each map was a single image and you just click left and then wait for a few seconds to the new map to let it was really small too, because generating a big image was kind of expensive on computers that day.[00:06:57] Bret: So Google maps was truly innovative in that [00:07:00] regard. The story on it. There was a small company called where two technologies started by two Danish brothers, Lars and Jens Rasmussen, who are two of my closest friends now. They had made a windows app called expedition, which had beautiful maps. Even in 2000.[00:07:18] Bret: For whenever we acquired or sort of acquired their company, Windows software was not particularly fashionable, but they were really passionate about mapping and we had made a local search product that was kind of middling in terms of popularity, sort of like a yellow page of search product. So we wanted to really go into mapping.[00:07:36] Bret: We'd started working on it. Their small team seemed passionate about it. So we're like, come join us. We can build this together.[00:07:42] Technical Challenges and Innovations[00:07:42] Bret: It turned out to be a great blessing that they had built a windows app because you're less technically constrained when you're doing native code than you are building a web browser, particularly back then when there weren't really interactive web apps and it ended up.[00:07:56] Bret: Changing the level of quality that we [00:08:00] wanted to hit with the app because we were shooting for something that felt like a native windows application. So it was a really good fortune that we sort of, you know, their unusual technical choices turned out to be the greatest blessing. So we spent a lot of time basically saying, how can you make a interactive draggable map in a web browser?[00:08:18] Bret: How do you progressively load, you know, new map tiles, you know, as you're dragging even things like down in the weeds of the browser at the time, most browsers like Internet Explorer, which was dominant at the time would only load two images at a time from the same domain. So we ended up making our map tile servers have like.[00:08:37] Bret: Forty different subdomains so we could load maps and parallels like lots of hacks. I'm happy to go into as much as like[00:08:44] swyx: HTTP connections and stuff.[00:08:46] Bret: They just like, there was just maximum parallelism of two. And so if you had a map, set of map tiles, like eight of them, so So we just, we were down in the weeds of the browser anyway.[00:08:56] Bret: So it was lots of plumbing. I can, I know a lot more about browsers than [00:09:00] most people, but then by the end of it, it was fairly, it was a lot of duct tape on that code. If you've ever done an engineering project where you're not really sure the path from point A to point B, it's almost like. Building a house by building one room at a time.[00:09:14] Bret: The, there's not a lot of architectural cohesion at the end. And then we acquired a company called Keyhole, which became Google earth, which was like that three, it was a native windows app as well, separate app, great app, but with that, we got licenses to all this satellite imagery. And so in August of 2005, we added.[00:09:33] Bret: Satellite imagery to Google Maps, which added even more complexity in the code base. And then we decided we wanted to support Safari. There was no mobile phones yet. So Safari was this like nascent browser on, on the Mac. And it turns out there's like a lot of decisions behind the scenes, sort of inspired by this windows app, like heavy use of XML and XSLT and all these like.[00:09:54] Bret: Technologies that were like briefly fashionable in the early two thousands and everyone hates now for good [00:10:00] reason. And it turns out that all of the XML functionality and Internet Explorer wasn't supporting Safari. So people are like re implementing like XML parsers. And it was just like this like pile of s**t.[00:10:11] Bret: And I had to say a s**t on your part. Yeah, of[00:10:12] Alessio: course.[00:10:13] Bret: So. It went from this like beautifully elegant application that everyone was proud of to something that probably had hundreds of K of JavaScript, which sounds like nothing. Now we're talking like people have modems, you know, not all modems, but it was a big deal.[00:10:29] Bret: So it was like slow. It took a while to load and just, it wasn't like a great code base. Like everything was fragile. So I just got. Super frustrated by it. And then one weekend I did rewrite all of it. And at the time the word JSON hadn't been coined yet too, just to give you a sense. So it's all XML.[00:10:47] swyx: Yeah.[00:10:47] Bret: So we used what is now you would call JSON, but I just said like, let's use eval so that we can parse the data fast. And, and again, that's, it would literally as JSON, but at the time there was no name for it. So we [00:11:00] just said, let's. Pass on JavaScript from the server and eval it. And then somebody just refactored the whole thing.[00:11:05] Bret: And, and it wasn't like I was some genius. It was just like, you know, if you knew everything you wished you had known at the beginning and I knew all the functionality, cause I was the primary, one of the primary authors of the JavaScript. And I just like, I just drank a lot of coffee and just stayed up all weekend.[00:11:22] Bret: And then I, I guess I developed a bit of reputation and no one knew about this for a long time. And then Paul who created Gmail and I ended up starting a company with him too, after all of this told this on a podcast and now it's large, but it's largely true. I did rewrite it and it, my proudest thing.[00:11:38] Bret: And I think JavaScript people appreciate this. Like the un G zipped bundle size for all of Google maps. When I rewrote, it was 20 K G zipped. It was like much smaller for the entire application. It went down by like 10 X. So. What happened on Google? Google is a pretty mainstream company. And so like our usage is shot up because it turns out like it's faster.[00:11:57] Bret: Just being faster is worth a lot of [00:12:00] percentage points of growth at a scale of Google. So how[00:12:03] swyx: much modern tooling did you have? Like test suites no compilers.[00:12:07] Bret: Actually, that's not true. We did it one thing. So I actually think Google, I, you can. Download it. There's a, Google has a closure compiler, a closure compiler.[00:12:15] Bret: I don't know if anyone still uses it. It's gone. Yeah. Yeah. It's sort of gone out of favor. Yeah. Well, even until recently it was better than most JavaScript minifiers because it was more like it did a lot more renaming of variables and things. Most people use ES build now just cause it's fast and closure compilers built on Java and super slow and stuff like that.[00:12:37] Bret: But, so we did have that, that was it. Okay.[00:12:39] The Evolution of Web Applications[00:12:39] Bret: So and that was treated internally, you know, it was a really interesting time at Google at the time because there's a lot of teams working on fairly advanced JavaScript when no one was. So Google suggest, which Kevin Gibbs was the tech lead for, was the first kind of type ahead, autocomplete, I believe in a web browser, and now it's just pervasive in search boxes that you sort of [00:13:00] see a type ahead there.[00:13:01] Bret: I mean, chat, dbt[00:13:01] swyx: just added it. It's kind of like a round trip.[00:13:03] Bret: Totally. No, it's now pervasive as a UI affordance, but that was like Kevin's 20 percent project. And then Gmail, Paul you know, he tells the story better than anyone, but he's like, you know, basically was scratching his own itch, but what was really neat about it is email, because it's such a productivity tool, just needed to be faster.[00:13:21] Bret: So, you know, he was scratching his own itch of just making more stuff work on the client side. And then we, because of Lars and Yen sort of like setting the bar of this windows app or like we need our maps to be draggable. So we ended up. Not only innovate in terms of having a big sync, what would be called a single page application today, but also all the graphical stuff you know, we were crashing Firefox, like it was going out of style because, you know, when you make a document object model with the idea that it's a document and then you layer on some JavaScript and then we're essentially abusing all of this, it just was running into code paths that were not.[00:13:56] Bret: Well, it's rotten, you know, at this time. And so it was [00:14:00] super fun. And, and, you know, in the building you had, so you had compilers, people helping minify JavaScript just practically, but there is a great engineering team. So they were like, that's why Closure Compiler is so good. It was like a. Person who actually knew about programming languages doing it, not just, you know, writing regular expressions.[00:14:17] Bret: And then the team that is now the Chrome team believe, and I, I don't know this for a fact, but I'm pretty sure Google is the main contributor to Firefox for a long time in terms of code. And a lot of browser people were there. So every time we would crash Firefox, we'd like walk up two floors and say like, what the hell is going on here?[00:14:35] Bret: And they would load their browser, like in a debugger. And we could like figure out exactly what was breaking. And you can't change the code, right? Cause it's the browser. It's like slow, right? I mean, slow to update. So, but we could figure out exactly where the bug was and then work around it in our JavaScript.[00:14:52] Bret: So it was just like new territory. Like so super, super fun time, just like a lot of, a lot of great engineers figuring out [00:15:00] new things. And And now, you know, the word, this term is no longer in fashion, but the word Ajax, which was asynchronous JavaScript and XML cause I'm telling you XML, but see the word XML there, to be fair, the way you made HTTP requests from a client to server was this.[00:15:18] Bret: Object called XML HTTP request because Microsoft and making Outlook web access back in the day made this and it turns out to have nothing to do with XML. It's just a way of making HTTP requests because XML was like the fashionable thing. It was like that was the way you, you know, you did it. But the JSON came out of that, you know, and then a lot of the best practices around building JavaScript applications is pre React.[00:15:44] Bret: I think React was probably the big conceptual step forward that we needed. Even my first social network after Google, we used a lot of like HTML injection and. Making real time updates was still very hand coded and it's really neat when you [00:16:00] see conceptual breakthroughs like react because it's, I just love those things where it's like obvious once you see it, but it's so not obvious until you do.[00:16:07] Bret: And actually, well, I'm sure we'll get into AI, but I, I sort of feel like we'll go through that evolution with AI agents as well that I feel like we're missing a lot of the core abstractions that I think in 10 years we'll be like, gosh, how'd you make agents? Before that, you know, but it was kind of that early days of web applications.[00:16:22] swyx: There's a lot of contenders for the reactive jobs of of AI, but no clear winner yet. I would say one thing I was there for, I mean, there's so much we can go into there. You just covered so much.[00:16:32] Product Management and Engineering Synergy[00:16:32] swyx: One thing I just, I just observe is that I think the early Google days had this interesting mix of PM and engineer, which I think you are, you didn't, you didn't wait for PM to tell you these are my, this is my PRD.[00:16:42] swyx: This is my requirements.[00:16:44] mix: Oh,[00:16:44] Bret: okay.[00:16:45] swyx: I wasn't technically a software engineer. I mean,[00:16:48] Bret: by title, obviously. Right, right, right.[00:16:51] swyx: It's like a blend. And I feel like these days, product is its own discipline and its own lore and own industry and engineering is its own thing. And there's this process [00:17:00] that happens and they're kind of separated, but you don't produce as good of a product as if they were the same person.[00:17:06] swyx: And I'm curious, you know, if, if that, if that sort of resonates in, in, in terms of like comparing early Google versus modern startups that you see out there,[00:17:16] Bret: I certainly like wear a lot of hats. So, you know, sort of biased in this, but I really agree that there's a lot of power and combining product design engineering into as few people as possible because, you know few great things have been created by committee, you know, and so.[00:17:33] Bret: If engineering is an order taking organization for product you can sometimes make meaningful things, but rarely will you create extremely well crafted breakthrough products. Those tend to be small teams who deeply understand the customer need that they're solving, who have a. Maniacal focus on outcomes.[00:17:53] Bret: And I think the reason why it's, I think for some areas, if you look at like software as a service five years ago, maybe you can have a [00:18:00] separation of product and engineering because most software as a service created five years ago. I wouldn't say there's like a lot of like. Technological breakthroughs required for most, you know, business applications.[00:18:11] Bret: And if you're making expense reporting software or whatever, it's useful. I don't mean to be dismissive of expense reporting software, but you probably just want to understand like, what are the requirements of the finance department? What are the requirements of an individual file expense report? Okay.[00:18:25] Bret: Go implement that. And you kind of know how web applications are implemented. You kind of know how to. How databases work, how to build auto scaling with your AWS cluster, whatever, you know, it's just, you're just applying best practices to yet another problem when you have areas like the early days of mobile development or the early days of interactive web applications, which I think Google Maps and Gmail represent, or now AI agents, you're in this constant conversation with what the requirements of your customers and stakeholders are and all the different people interacting with it.[00:18:58] Bret: And the capabilities of the [00:19:00] technology. And it's almost impossible to specify the requirements of a product when you're not sure of the limitations of the technology itself. And that's why I use the word conversation. It's not literal. That's sort of funny to use that word in the age of conversational AI.[00:19:15] Bret: You're constantly sort of saying, like, ideally, you could sprinkle some magic AI pixie dust and solve all the world's problems, but it's not the way it works. And it turns out that actually, I'll just give an interesting example.[00:19:26] AI Agents and Modern Tooling[00:19:26] Bret: I think most people listening probably use co pilots to code like Cursor or Devon or Microsoft Copilot or whatever.[00:19:34] Bret: Most of those tools are, they're remarkable. I'm, I couldn't, you know, imagine development without them now, but they're not autonomous yet. Like I wouldn't let it just write most code without my interactively inspecting it. We just are somewhere between it's an amazing co pilot and it's an autonomous software engineer.[00:19:53] Bret: As a product manager, like your aspirations for what the product is are like kind of meaningful. But [00:20:00] if you're a product person, yeah, of course you'd say it should be autonomous. You should click a button and program should come out the other side. The requirements meaningless. Like what matters is like, what is based on the like very nuanced limitations of the technology.[00:20:14] Bret: What is it capable of? And then how do you maximize the leverage? It gives a software engineering team, given those very nuanced trade offs. Coupled with the fact that those nuanced trade offs are changing more rapidly than any technology in my memory, meaning every few months you'll have new models with new capabilities.[00:20:34] Bret: So how do you construct a product that can absorb those new capabilities as rapidly as possible as well? That requires such a combination of technical depth and understanding the customer that you really need more integration. Of product design and engineering. And so I think it's why with these big technology waves, I think startups have a bit of a leg up relative to incumbents because they [00:21:00] tend to be sort of more self actualized in terms of just like bringing those disciplines closer together.[00:21:06] Bret: And in particular, I think entrepreneurs, the proverbial full stack engineers, you know, have a leg up as well because. I think most breakthroughs happen when you have someone who can understand those extremely nuanced technical trade offs, have a vision for a product. And then in the process of building it, have that, as I said, like metaphorical conversation with the technology, right?[00:21:30] Bret: Gosh, I ran into a technical limit that I didn't expect. It's not just like changing that feature. You might need to refactor the whole product based on that. And I think that's, that it's particularly important right now. So I don't, you know, if you, if you're building a big ERP system, probably there's a great reason to have product and engineering.[00:21:51] Bret: I think in general, the disciplines are there for a reason. I think when you're dealing with something as nuanced as the like technologies, like large language models today, there's a ton of [00:22:00] advantage of having. Individuals or organizations that integrate the disciplines more formally.[00:22:05] Alessio: That makes a lot of sense.[00:22:06] Alessio: I've run a lot of engineering teams in the past, and I think the product versus engineering tension has always been more about effort than like whether or not the feature is buildable. But I think, yeah, today you see a lot more of like. Models actually cannot do that. And I think the most interesting thing is on the startup side, people don't yet know where a lot of the AI value is going to accrue.[00:22:26] Alessio: So you have this rush of people building frameworks, building infrastructure, layered things, but we don't really know the shape of the compute. I'm curious that Sierra, like how you thought about building an house, a lot of the tooling for evals or like just, you know, building the agents and all of that.[00:22:41] Alessio: Versus how you see some of the startup opportunities that is maybe still out there.[00:22:46] Bret: We build most of our tooling in house at Sierra, not all. It's, we don't, it's not like not invented here syndrome necessarily, though, maybe slightly guilty of that in some ways, but because we're trying to build a platform [00:23:00] that's in Dorian, you know, we really want to have control over our own destiny.[00:23:03] Bret: And you had made a comment earlier that like. We're still trying to figure out who like the reactive agents are and the jury is still out. I would argue it hasn't been created yet. I don't think the jury is still out to go use that metaphor. We're sort of in the jQuery era of agents, not the react era.[00:23:19] Bret: And, and that's like a throwback for people listening,[00:23:22] swyx: we shouldn't rush it. You know?[00:23:23] Bret: No, yeah, that's my point is. And so. Because we're trying to create an enduring company at Sierra that outlives us, you know, I'm not sure we want to like attach our cart to some like to a horse where it's not clear that like we've figured out and I actually want as a company, we're trying to enable just at a high level and I'll, I'll quickly go back to tech at Sierra, we help consumer brands build customer facing AI agents.[00:23:48] Bret: So. Everyone from Sonos to ADT home security to Sirius XM, you know, if you call them on the phone and AI will pick up with you, you know, chat with them on the Sirius XM homepage. It's an AI agent called Harmony [00:24:00] that they've built on our platform. We're what are the contours of what it means for someone to build an end to end complete customer experience with AI with conversational AI.[00:24:09] Bret: You know, we really want to dive into the deep end of, of all the trade offs to do it. You know, where do you use fine tuning? Where do you string models together? You know, where do you use reasoning? Where do you use generation? How do you use reasoning? How do you express the guardrails of an agentic process?[00:24:25] Bret: How do you impose determinism on a fundamentally non deterministic technology? There's just a lot of really like as an important design space. And I could sit here and tell you, we have the best approach. Every entrepreneur will, you know. But I hope that in two years, we look back at our platform and laugh at how naive we were, because that's the pace of change broadly.[00:24:45] Bret: If you talk about like the startup opportunities, I'm not wholly skeptical of tools companies, but I'm fairly skeptical. There's always an exception for every role, but I believe that certainly there's a big market for [00:25:00] frontier models, but largely for companies with huge CapEx budgets. So. Open AI and Microsoft's Anthropic and Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud XAI, which is very well capitalized now, but I think the, the idea that a company can make money sort of pre training a foundation model is probably not true.[00:25:20] Bret: It's hard to, you're competing with just, you know, unreasonably large CapEx budgets. And I just like the cloud infrastructure market, I think will be largely there. I also really believe in the applications of AI. And I define that not as like building agents or things like that. I define it much more as like, you're actually solving a problem for a business.[00:25:40] Bret: So it's what Harvey is doing in legal profession or what cursor is doing for software engineering or what we're doing for customer experience and customer service. The reason I believe in that is I do think that in the age of AI, what's really interesting about software is it can actually complete a task.[00:25:56] Bret: It can actually do a job, which is very different than the value proposition of [00:26:00] software was to ancient history two years ago. And as a consequence, I think the way you build a solution and For a domain is very different than you would have before, which means that it's not obvious, like the incumbent incumbents have like a leg up, you know, necessarily, they certainly have some advantages, but there's just such a different form factor, you know, for providing a solution and it's just really valuable.[00:26:23] Bret: You know, it's. Like just think of how much money cursor is saving software engineering teams or the alternative, how much revenue it can produce tool making is really challenging. If you look at the cloud market, just as a analog, there are a lot of like interesting tools, companies, you know, Confluent, Monetized Kafka, Snowflake, Hortonworks, you know, there's a, there's a bunch of them.[00:26:48] Bret: A lot of them, you know, have that mix of sort of like like confluence or have the open source or open core or whatever you call it. I, I, I'm not an expert in this area. You know, I do think [00:27:00] that developers are fickle. I think that in the tool space, I probably like. Default towards open source being like the area that will win.[00:27:09] Bret: It's hard to build a company around this and then you end up with companies sort of built around open source to that can work. Don't get me wrong, but I just think that it's nowadays the tools are changing so rapidly that I'm like, not totally skeptical of tool makers, but I just think that open source will broadly win, but I think that the CapEx required for building frontier models is such that it will go to a handful of big companies.[00:27:33] Bret: And then I really believe in agents for specific domains which I think will, it's sort of the analog to software as a service in this new era. You know, it's like, if you just think of the cloud. You can lease a server. It's just a low level primitive, or you can buy an app like you know, Shopify or whatever.[00:27:51] Bret: And most people building a storefront would prefer Shopify over hand rolling their e commerce storefront. I think the same thing will be true of AI. So [00:28:00] I've. I tend to like, if I have a, like an entrepreneur asked me for advice, I'm like, you know, move up the stack as far as you can towards a customer need.[00:28:09] Bret: Broadly, but I, but it doesn't reduce my excitement about what is the reactive building agents kind of thing, just because it is, it is the right question to ask, but I think we'll probably play out probably an open source space more than anything else.[00:28:21] swyx: Yeah, and it's not a priority for you. There's a lot in there.[00:28:24] swyx: I'm kind of curious about your idea maze towards, there are many customer needs. You happen to identify customer experience as yours, but it could equally have been coding assistance or whatever. I think for some, I'm just kind of curious at the top down, how do you look at the world in terms of the potential problem space?[00:28:44] swyx: Because there are many people out there who are very smart and pick the wrong problem.[00:28:47] Bret: Yeah, that's a great question.[00:28:48] Future of Software Development[00:28:48] Bret: By the way, I would love to talk about the future of software, too, because despite the fact it didn't pick coding, I have a lot of that, but I can talk to I can answer your question, though, you know I think when a technology is as [00:29:00] cool as large language models.[00:29:02] Bret: You just see a lot of people starting from the technology and searching for a problem to solve. And I think it's why you see a lot of tools companies, because as a software engineer, you start building an app or a demo and you, you encounter some pain points. You're like,[00:29:17] swyx: a lot of[00:29:17] Bret: people are experiencing the same pain point.[00:29:19] Bret: What if I make it? That it's just very incremental. And you know, I always like to use the metaphor, like you can sell coffee beans, roasted coffee beans. You can add some value. You took coffee beans and you roasted them and roasted coffee beans largely, you know, are priced relative to the cost of the beans.[00:29:39] Bret: Or you can sell a latte and a latte. Is rarely priced directly like as a percentage of coffee bean prices. In fact, if you buy a latte at the airport, it's a captive audience. So it's a really expensive latte. And there's just a lot that goes into like. How much does a latte cost? And I bring it up because there's a supply chain from growing [00:30:00] coffee beans to roasting coffee beans to like, you know, you could make one at home or you could be in the airport and buy one and the margins of the company selling lattes in the airport is a lot higher than the, you know, people roasting the coffee beans and it's because you've actually solved a much more acute human problem in the airport.[00:30:19] Bret: And, and it's just worth a lot more to that person in that moment. It's kind of the way I think about technology too. It sounds funny to liken it to coffee beans, but you're selling tools on top of a large language model yet in some ways your market is big, but you're probably going to like be price compressed just because you're sort of a piece of infrastructure and then you have open source and all these other things competing with you naturally.[00:30:43] Bret: If you go and solve a really big business problem for somebody, that's actually like a meaningful business problem that AI facilitates, they will value it according to the value of that business problem. And so I actually feel like people should just stop. You're like, no, that's, that's [00:31:00] unfair. If you're searching for an idea of people, I, I love people trying things, even if, I mean, most of the, a lot of the greatest ideas have been things no one believed in.[00:31:07] Bret: So I like, if you're passionate about something, go do it. Like who am I to say, yeah, a hundred percent. Or Gmail, like Paul as far, I mean I, some of it's Laura at this point, but like Gmail is Paul's own email for a long time. , and then I amusingly and Paul can't correct me, I'm pretty sure he sent her in a link and like the first comment was like, this is really neat.[00:31:26] Bret: It would be great. It was not your email, but my own . I don't know if it's a true story. I'm pretty sure it's, yeah, I've read that before. So scratch your own niche. Fine. Like it depends on what your goal is. If you wanna do like a venture backed company, if its a. Passion project, f*****g passion, do it like don't listen to anybody.[00:31:41] Bret: In fact, but if you're trying to start, you know an enduring company, solve an important business problem. And I, and I do think that in the world of agents, the software industries has shifted where you're not just helping people more. People be more productive, but you're actually accomplishing tasks autonomously.[00:31:58] Bret: And as a consequence, I think the [00:32:00] addressable market has just greatly expanded just because software can actually do things now and actually accomplish tasks and how much is coding autocomplete worth. A fair amount. How much is the eventual, I'm certain we'll have it, the software agent that actually writes the code and delivers it to you, that's worth a lot.[00:32:20] Bret: And so, you know, I would just maybe look up from the large language models and start thinking about the economy and, you know, think from first principles. I don't wanna get too far afield, but just think about which parts of the economy. We'll benefit most from this intelligence and which parts can absorb it most easily.[00:32:38] Bret: And what would an agent in this space look like? Who's the customer of it is the technology feasible. And I would just start with these business problems more. And I think, you know, the best companies tend to have great engineers who happen to have great insight into a market. And it's that last part that I think some people.[00:32:56] Bret: Whether or not they have, it's like people start so much in the technology, they [00:33:00] lose the forest for the trees a little bit.[00:33:02] Alessio: How do you think about the model of still selling some sort of software versus selling more package labor? I feel like when people are selling the package labor, it's almost more stateless, you know, like it's easier to swap out if you're just putting an input and getting an output.[00:33:16] Alessio: If you think about coding, if there's no ID, you're just putting a prompt and getting back an app. It doesn't really matter. Who generates the app, you know, you have less of a buy in versus the platform you're building, I'm sure on the backend customers have to like put on their documentation and they have, you know, different workflows that they can tie in what's kind of like the line to draw there versus like going full where you're managed customer support team as a service outsource versus.[00:33:40] Alessio: This is the Sierra platform that you can build on. What was that decision? I'll sort of[00:33:44] Bret: like decouple the question in some ways, which is when you have something that's an agent, who is the person using it and what do they want to do with it? So let's just take your coding agent for a second. I will talk about Sierra as well.[00:33:59] Bret: Who's the [00:34:00] customer of a, an agent that actually produces software? Is it a software engineering manager? Is it a software engineer? And it's there, you know, intern so to speak. I don't know. I mean, we'll figure this out over the next few years. Like what is that? And is it generating code that you then review?[00:34:16] Bret: Is it generating code with a set of unit tests that pass, what is the actual. For lack of a better word contract, like, how do you know that it did what you wanted it to do? And then I would say like the product and the pricing, the packaging model sort of emerged from that. And I don't think the world's figured out.[00:34:33] Bret: I think it'll be different for every agent. You know, in our customer base, we do what's called outcome based pricing. So essentially every time the AI agent. Solves the problem or saves a customer or whatever it might be. There's a pre negotiated rate for that. We do that. Cause it's, we think that that's sort of the correct way agents, you know, should be packaged.[00:34:53] Bret: I look back at the history of like cloud software and notably the introduction of the browser, which led to [00:35:00] software being delivered in a browser, like Salesforce to. Famously invented sort of software as a service, which is both a technical delivery model through the browser, but also a business model, which is you subscribe to it rather than pay for a perpetual license.[00:35:13] Bret: Those two things are somewhat orthogonal, but not really. If you think about the idea of software running in a browser, that's hosted. Data center that you don't own, you sort of needed to change the business model because you don't, you can't really buy a perpetual license or something otherwise like, how do you afford making changes to it?[00:35:31] Bret: So it only worked when you were buying like a new version every year or whatever. So to some degree, but then the business model shift actually changed business as we know it, because now like. Things like Adobe Photoshop. Now you subscribe to rather than purchase. So it ended up where you had a technical shift and a business model shift that were very logically intertwined that actually the business model shift was turned out to be as significant as the technical as the shift.[00:35:59] Bret: And I think with [00:36:00] agents, because they actually accomplish a job, I do think that it doesn't make sense to me that you'd pay for the privilege of like. Using the software like that coding agent, like if it writes really bad code, like fire it, you know, I don't know what the right metaphor is like you should pay for a job.[00:36:17] Bret: Well done in my opinion. I mean, that's how you pay your software engineers, right? And[00:36:20] swyx: and well, not really. We paid to put them on salary and give them options and they vest over time. That's fair.[00:36:26] Bret: But my point is that you don't pay them for how many characters they write, which is sort of the token based, you know, whatever, like, There's a, that famous Apple story where we're like asking for a report of how many lines of code you wrote.[00:36:40] Bret: And one of the engineers showed up with like a negative number cause he had just like done a big refactoring. There was like a big F you to management who didn't understand how software is written. You know, my sense is like the traditional usage based or seat based thing. It's just going to look really antiquated.[00:36:55] Bret: Cause it's like asking your software engineer, how many lines of code did you write today? Like who cares? Like, cause [00:37:00] absolutely no correlation. So my old view is I don't think it's be different in every category, but I do think that that is the, if an agent is doing a job, you should, I think it properly incentivizes the maker of that agent and the customer of, of your pain for the job well done.[00:37:16] Bret: It's not always perfect to measure. It's hard to measure engineering productivity, but you can, you should do something other than how many keys you typed, you know Talk about perverse incentives for AI, right? Like I can write really long functions to do the same thing, right? So broadly speaking, you know, I do think that we're going to see a change in business models of software towards outcomes.[00:37:36] Bret: And I think you'll see a change in delivery models too. And, and, you know, in our customer base you know, we empower our customers to really have their hands on the steering wheel of what the agent does they, they want and need that. But the role is different. You know, at a lot of our customers, the customer experience operations folks have renamed themselves the AI architects, which I think is really cool.[00:37:55] Bret: And, you know, it's like in the early days of the Internet, there's the role of the webmaster. [00:38:00] And I don't know whether your webmaster is not a fashionable, you know, Term, nor is it a job anymore? I just, I don't know. Will they, our tech stand the test of time? Maybe, maybe not. But I do think that again, I like, you know, because everyone listening right now is a software engineer.[00:38:14] Bret: Like what is the form factor of a coding agent? And actually I'll, I'll take a breath. Cause actually I have a bunch of pins on them. Like I wrote a blog post right before Christmas, just on the future of software development. And one of the things that's interesting is like, if you look at the way I use cursor today, as an example, it's inside of.[00:38:31] Bret: A repackaged visual studio code environment. I sometimes use the sort of agentic parts of it, but it's largely, you know, I've sort of gotten a good routine of making it auto complete code in the way I want through tuning it properly when it actually can write. I do wonder what like the future of development environments will look like.[00:38:55] Bret: And to your point on what is a software product, I think it's going to change a lot in [00:39:00] ways that will surprise us. But I always use, I use the metaphor in my blog post of, have you all driven around in a way, Mo around here? Yeah, everyone has. And there are these Jaguars, the really nice cars, but it's funny because it still has a steering wheel, even though there's no one sitting there and the steering wheels like turning and stuff clearly in the future.[00:39:16] Bret: If once we get to that, be more ubiquitous, like why have the steering wheel and also why have all the seats facing forward? Maybe just for car sickness. I don't know, but you could totally rearrange the car. I mean, so much of the car is oriented around the driver, so. It stands to reason to me that like, well, autonomous agents for software engineering run through visual studio code.[00:39:37] Bret: That seems a little bit silly because having a single source code file open one at a time is kind of a goofy form factor for when like the code isn't being written primarily by you, but it begs the question of what's your relationship with that agent. And I think the same is true in our industry of customer experience, which is like.[00:39:55] Bret: Who are the people managing this agent? What are the tools do they need? And they definitely need [00:40:00] tools, but it's probably pretty different than the tools we had before. It's certainly different than training a contact center team. And as software engineers, I think that I would like to see particularly like on the passion project side or research side.[00:40:14] Bret: More innovation in programming languages. I think that we're bringing the cost of writing code down to zero. So the fact that we're still writing Python with AI cracks me up just cause it's like literally was designed to be ergonomic to write, not safe to run or fast to run. I would love to see more innovation and how we verify program correctness.[00:40:37] Bret: I studied for formal verification in college a little bit and. It's not very fashionable because it's really like tedious and slow and doesn't work very well. If a lot of code is being written by a machine, you know, one of the primary values we can provide is verifying that it actually does what we intend that it does.[00:40:56] Bret: I think there should be lots of interesting things in the software development life cycle, like how [00:41:00] we think of testing and everything else, because. If you think about if we have to manually read every line of code that's coming out as machines, it will just rate limit how much the machines can do. The alternative is totally unsafe.[00:41:13] Bret: So I wouldn't want to put code in production that didn't go through proper code review and inspection. So my whole view is like, I actually think there's like an AI native I don't think the coding agents don't work well enough to do this yet, but once they do, what is sort of an AI native software development life cycle and how do you actually.[00:41:31] Bret: Enable the creators of software to produce the highest quality, most robust, fastest software and know that it's correct. And I think that's an incredible opportunity. I mean, how much C code can we rewrite and rust and make it safe so that there's fewer security vulnerabilities. Can we like have more efficient, safer code than ever before?[00:41:53] Bret: And can you have someone who's like that guy in the matrix, you know, like staring at the little green things, like where could you have an operator [00:42:00] of a code generating machine be like superhuman? I think that's a cool vision. And I think too many people are focused on like. Autocomplete, you know, right now, I'm not, I'm not even, I'm guilty as charged.[00:42:10] Bret: I guess in some ways, but I just like, I'd like to see some bolder ideas. And that's why when you were joking, you know, talking about what's the react of whatever, I think we're clearly in a local maximum, you know, metaphor, like sort of conceptual local maximum, obviously it's moving really fast. I think we're moving out of it.[00:42:26] Alessio: Yeah. At the end of 23, I've read this blog post from syntax to semantics. Like if you think about Python. It's taking C and making it more semantic and LLMs are like the ultimate semantic program, right? You can just talk to them and they can generate any type of syntax from your language. But again, the languages that they have to use were made for us, not for them.[00:42:46] Alessio: But the problem is like, as long as you will ever need a human to intervene, you cannot change the language under it. You know what I mean? So I'm curious at what point of automation we'll need to get, we're going to be okay making changes. To the underlying languages, [00:43:00] like the programming languages versus just saying, Hey, you just got to write Python because I understand Python and I'm more important at the end of the day than the model.[00:43:08] Alessio: But I think that will change, but I don't know if it's like two years or five years. I think it's more nuanced actually.[00:43:13] Bret: So I think there's a, some of the more interesting programming languages bring semantics into syntax. So let me, that's a little reductive, but like Rust as an example, Rust is memory safe.[00:43:25] Bret: Statically, and that was a really interesting conceptual, but it's why it's hard to write rust. It's why most people write python instead of rust. I think rust programs are safer and faster than python, probably slower to compile. But like broadly speaking, like given the option, if you didn't have to care about the labor that went into it.[00:43:45] Bret: You should prefer a program written in Rust over a program written in Python, just because it will run more efficiently. It's almost certainly safer, et cetera, et cetera, depending on how you define safe, but most people don't write Rust because it's kind of a pain in the ass. And [00:44:00] the audience of people who can is smaller, but it's sort of better in most, most ways.[00:44:05] Bret: And again, let's say you're making a web service and you didn't have to care about how hard it was to write. If you just got the output of the web service, the rest one would be cheaper to operate. It's certainly cheaper and probably more correct just because there's so much in the static analysis implied by the rest programming language that it probably will have fewer runtime errors and things like that as well.[00:44:25] Bret: So I just give that as an example, because so rust, at least my understanding that came out of the Mozilla team, because. There's lots of security vulnerabilities in the browser and it needs to be really fast. They said, okay, we want to put more of a burden at the authorship time to have fewer issues at runtime.[00:44:43] Bret: And we need the constraint that it has to be done statically because browsers need to be really fast. My sense is if you just think about like the, the needs of a programming language today, where the role of a software engineer is [00:45:00] to use an AI to generate functionality and audit that it does in fact work as intended, maybe functionally, maybe from like a correctness standpoint, some combination thereof, how would you create a programming system that facilitated that?[00:45:15] Bret: And, you know, I bring up Rust is because I think it's a good example of like, I think given a choice of writing in C or Rust, you should choose Rust today. I think most people would say that, even C aficionados, just because. C is largely less safe for very similar, you know, trade offs, you know, for the, the system and now with AI, it's like, okay, well, that just changes the game on writing these things.[00:45:36] Bret: And so like, I just wonder if a combination of programming languages that are more structurally oriented towards the values that we need from an AI generated program, verifiable correctness and all of that. If it's tedious to produce for a person, that maybe doesn't matter. But one thing, like if I asked you, is this rest program memory safe?[00:45:58] Bret: You wouldn't have to read it, you just have [00:46:00] to compile it. So that's interesting. I mean, that's like an, that's one example of a very modest form of formal verification. So I bring that up because I do think you have AI inspect AI, you can have AI reviewed. Do AI code reviews. It would disappoint me if the best we could get was AI reviewing Python and having scaled a few very large.[00:46:21] Bret: Websites that were written on Python. It's just like, you know, expensive and it's like every, trust me, every team who's written a big web service in Python has experimented with like Pi Pi and all these things just to make it slightly more efficient than it naturally is. You don't really have true multi threading anyway.[00:46:36] Bret: It's just like clearly that you do it just because it's convenient to write. And I just feel like we're, I don't want to say it's insane. I just mean. I do think we're at a local maximum. And I would hope that we create a programming system, a combination of programming languages, formal verification, testing, automated code reviews, where you can use AI to generate software in a high scale way and trust it.[00:46:59] Bret: And you're [00:47:00] not limited by your ability to read it necessarily. I don't know exactly what form that would take, but I feel like that would be a pretty cool world to live in.[00:47:08] Alessio: Yeah. We had Chris Lanner on the podcast. He's doing great work with modular. I mean, I love. LVM. Yeah. Basically merging rust in and Python.[00:47:15] Alessio: That's kind of the idea. Should be, but I'm curious is like, for them a big use case was like making it compatible with Python, same APIs so that Python developers could use it. Yeah. And so I, I wonder at what point, well, yeah.[00:47:26] Bret: At least my understanding is they're targeting the data science Yeah. Machine learning crowd, which is all written in Python, so still feels like a local maximum.[00:47:34] Bret: Yeah.[00:47:34] swyx: Yeah, exactly. I'll force you to make a prediction. You know, Python's roughly 30 years old. In 30 years from now, is Rust going to be bigger than Python?[00:47:42] Bret: I don't know this, but just, I don't even know this is a prediction. I just am sort of like saying stuff I hope is true. I would like to see an AI native programming language and programming system, and I use language because I'm not sure language is even the right thing, but I hope in 30 years, there's an AI native way we make [00:48:00] software that is wholly uncorrelated with the current set of programming languages.[00:48:04] Bret: or not uncorrelated, but I think most programming languages today were designed to be efficiently authored by people and some have different trade offs.[00:48:15] Evolution of Programming Languages[00:48:15] Bret: You know, you have Haskell and others that were designed for abstractions for parallelism and things like that. You have programming languages like Python, which are designed to be very easily written, sort of like Perl and Python lineage, which is why data scientists use it.[00:48:31] Bret: It's it can, it has a. Interactive mode, things like that. And I love, I'm a huge Python fan. So despite all my Python trash talk, a huge Python fan wrote at least two of my three companies were exclusively written in Python and then C came out of the birth of Unix and it wasn't the first, but certainly the most prominent first step after assembly language, right?[00:48:54] Bret: Where you had higher level abstractions rather than and going beyond go to, to like abstractions, [00:49:00] like the for loop and the while loop.[00:49:01] The Future of Software Engineering[00:49:01] Bret: So I just think that if the act of writing code is no longer a meaningful human exercise, maybe it will be, I don't know. I'm just saying it sort of feels like maybe it's one of those parts of history that just will sort of like go away, but there's still the role of this offer engineer, like the person actually building the system.[00:49:20] Bret: Right. And. What does a programming system for that form factor look like?[00:49:25] React and Front-End Development[00:49:25] Bret: And I, I just have a, I hope to be just like I mentioned, I remember I was at Facebook in the very early days when, when, what is now react was being created. And I remember when the, it was like released open source I had left by that time and I was just like, this is so f*****g cool.[00:49:42] Bret: Like, you know, to basically model your app independent of the data flowing through it, just made everything easier. And then now. You know, I can create, like there's a lot of the front end software gym play is like a little chaotic for me, to be honest with you. It is like, it's sort of like [00:50:00] abstraction soup right now for me, but like some of those core ideas felt really ergonomic.[00:50:04] Bret: I just wanna, I'm just looking forward to the day when someone comes up with a programming system that feels both really like an aha moment, but completely foreign to me at the same time. Because they created it with sort of like from first principles recognizing that like. Authoring code in an editor is maybe not like the primary like reason why a programming system exists anymore.[00:50:26] Bret: And I think that's like, that would be a very exciting day for me.[00:50:28] The Role of AI in Programming[00:50:28] swyx: Yeah, I would say like the various versions of this discussion have happened at the end of the day, you still need to precisely communicate what you want. As a manager of people, as someone who has done many, many legal contracts, you know how hard that is.[00:50:42] swyx: And then now we have to talk to machines doing that and AIs interpreting what we mean and reading our minds effectively. I don't know how to get across that barrier of translating human intent to instructions. And yes, it can be more declarative, but I don't know if it'll ever Crossover from being [00:51:00] a programming language to something more than that.[00:51:02] Bret: I agree with you. And I actually do think if you look at like a legal contract, you know, the imprecision of the English language, it's like a flaw in the system. How many[00:51:12] swyx: holes there are.[00:51:13] Bret: And I do think that when you're making a mission critical software system, I don't think it should be English language prompts.[00:51:19] Bret: I think that is silly because you want the precision of a a programming language. My point was less about that and more about if the actual act of authoring it, like if you.[00:51:32] Formal Verification in Software[00:51:32] Bret: I'll think of some embedded systems do use formal verification. I know it's very common in like security protocols now so that you can, because the importance of correctness is so great.[00:51:41] Bret: My intellectual exercise is like, why not do that for all software? I mean, probably that's silly just literally to do what we literally do for. These low level security protocols, but the only reason we don't is because it's hard and tedious and hard and tedious are no longer factors. So, like, if I could, I mean, [00:52:00] just think of, like, the silliest app on your phone right now, the idea that that app should be, like, formally verified for its correctness feels laughable right now because, like, God, why would you spend the time on it?[00:52:10] Bret: But if it's zero costs, like, yeah, I guess so. I mean, it never crashed. That's probably good. You know, why not? I just want to, like, set our bars really high. Like. We should make, software has been amazing. Like there's a Mark Andreessen blog post, software is eating the world. And you know, our whole life is, is mediated digitally.[00:52:26] Bret: And that's just increasing with AI. And now we'll have our personal agents talking to the agents on the CRO platform and it's agents all the way down, you know, our core infrastructure is running on these digital systems. We now have like, and we've had a shortage of software developers for my entire life.[00:52:45] Bret: And as a consequence, you know if you look, remember like health care, got healthcare. gov that fiasco security vulnerabilities leading to state actors getting access to critical infrastructure. I'm like. We now have like created this like amazing system that can [00:53:00] like, we can fix this, you know, and I, I just want to, I'm both excited about the productivity gains in the economy, but I just think as software engineers, we should be bolder.[00:53:08] Bret: Like we should have aspirations to fix these systems so that like in general, as you said, as precise as we want to be in the specification of the system. We can make it work correctly now, and I'm being a little bit hand wavy, and I think we need some systems. I think that's where we should set the bar, especially when so much of our life depends on this critical digital infrastructure.[00:53:28] Bret: So I'm I'm just like super optimistic about it. But actually, let's go to w

Join Drs. Michael Rosen, Clayton Petro, and Sara Maskal as they review their recently published randomized controlled trial comparing open retromuscular Sugarbaker and Keyhole approaches to parastomal hernia repair   Hosts:    - Sara Maskal, MD, Cleveland Clinic  - Clayton Petro, MD, Cleveland Clinic  - Michael Rosen, MD, Cleveland Clinic  Learning Objectives:   - Understand the trial design - Review trial outcomes - Understand how to apply the outcomes to patients with parastomal hernias References:  - Maskal SM, Ellis RC, Fafaj A, et al. Open Retromuscular Sugarbaker vs Keyhole Mesh Placement for Parastomal Hernia Repair: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. Published online June 12, 2024. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.1686 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38865142/ - Maskal SM, Thomas JD, Miller BT, Fafaj A, Zolin SJ, Montelione K, Ellis RC, Prabhu AS, Krpata DM, Beffa LR, Costanzo A. Open retromuscular keyhole compared with Sugarbaker mesh for parastomal hernia repair: Early results of a randomized clinical trial. Surgery. 2024 Mar 1;175(3):813-21. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37770344/ - Moreno-Matias J, Serra-Aracil X, Darnell-Martin A, Bombardo-Junca J, Mora-Lopez L, Alcantara-Moral M, Rebasa P, Ayguavives-Garnica I, Navarro-Soto S. The prevalence of parastomal hernia after formation of an end colostomy. A new clinico-radiological classification. Colorectal Dis. 2009 Feb;11(2):173-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2008.01564.x. Epub 2008 May 3. PMID: 18462232. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18462232/ ***SPECIALTY TEAM APPLICATION LINK: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX2a_zsiyaz-NwxKuUUa5cUFolWhOw3945ZRFoRcJR1wjZ4w/viewform?usp=sharing Please visit https://behindtheknife.org to access other high-yield surgical education podcasts, videos and more.

On today's episode, I talk to director Guy Maddin. Originally from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Guy did not set out to be a filmmaker, but after working odd job after odd job, he eventually started taking film classes in his later 20s and became part of the Winnipeg Film Group. After making some short films and a surreal cable access show, he wrote and directed his debut feature, Tales from the Gimli Hospital, in 1988. It became a cult success and established Guy's reputation in independent film circles. Since then, he has written and directed over a dozen other films including The Saddest Music in the World, My Winnipeg, Keyhole and his latest Rumours starring Cate Blanchett, which had its world premiere at the 2024 Cannes Festival! This is the website for Beginnings, subscribe on Apple Podcasts, follow me on Twitter. Check out my free philosophy Substack where I write essays every couple months here and my old casiopop band's lost album here! And the comedy podcast I do with my wife Naomi Couples Therapy can be found here! Theme song by the fantastic Savoir Adore! Second theme by the brilliant Mike Pace! Closing theme by the delightful Gregory Brothers! Podcast art by the inimitable Beano Gee!

A gathering of three keyblade wielders fighting for their destiny; a doomed fate foreshadowed by hooded figures. There are two secret endings to Kingdom Hearts 2, both of which leave pieces of a larger picture showing a seemingly tragic past for these mysterious knights. Who are these three, and how are they connected to Xehanort?Thank you to Dyxo, Johan, Adrian, and Steven for your questions!Next season: Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days. Send your questions to sheddingstarlight@gmail.comShedding Starlight YouTube: https://youtube.com/@SheddingStarlightHannah's Twitter: https://twitter.com/hanmckinleyMel's Twitter: https://twitter.com/KHNyctophiliacThe Secret Reports Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@TheSecretReportsHannah's YouTube channel: https://youtube.com/@hanmckinley

Recorded live on January 2nd, 2025   Two people making music on the fly… Bugs In The Basement creates improvised musical journeys from an array of vintage and handmade instruments to modern technologies. Recorded live from our basement studio in the Pacific Northwest, each week we experiment in the process of making exploratory music and soundscapes. Unmixed, unedited and unapologetic.   www.bugsinthebasement.com

Jello Everybody! Today Jack and the gang discuss what to get people for Christmas and then they transport us to Russia for an adventure with a Cossack named Jello Faced Wilson, among other notable characters.Episode 156 of The Jack Benny Show. The programs originally aired on on December 16, 1934.Please email questions and comments to host@classiccomedyotr.com.Like us on Facebook at facebook.com/classiccomedyotr. Please share this podcast with your friends and family.You can also subscribe to our podcast on Spreaker.com, Spotify, iTunes, Stitcher, TuneIn, iHeartRadio, and Google podcasts.This show is supported by Spreaker Prime.

The Keyhole crew check in to talk about the 12 team playoff field, OU's bowl game and the portal season. The crew, as alway, brings the best chaotic college football energy to the podcast world!

Pokémon Go is more than a worldwide craze that inhttps://www.patreon.com/QAAspired millions to hunt Zigzagoons through smartphone-enabled alternate reality. According to intelligence officials in several countries, it's also an information security threat. Since the game's release by game developer Niantic in 2016, people have pondered the potential uses of the data that's collected by aspiring PokéMasters as they meander outside and scan virtual PokéStops. Travis, Jake, Julian, and Liv dive into why a children's game about collecting fighting pets has inspired such paranoia. Including how Niantic's startup ancestor Keyhole, Inc. was saved from bankruptcy by the CIA, how Niantic's former parent company Google committed one of the worst data privacy violations in history through the “Wi-Spy” scandal, and Niantic's recent announcement that Pokemon Go data is being used to produce an artificial intelligence system they call a Large Geospatial Model (LGM). Gotta Catch ‘Em All! And by “Em All” we mean “massive amounts of data from everyone's smartphones for undisclosed purposes.” Subscribe for $5 a month to get all the premium episodes: https://www.patreon.com/qaa Editing by Corey Klotz. Theme by Nick Sena. Additional music by Pontus Berghe. Theme Vocals by THEY/LIVE (https://instagram.com/theyylivve / https://sptfy.com/QrDm). Cover Art by Pedro Correa: (https://pedrocorrea.com) https://qaapodcast.com QAA was known as the QAnon Anonymous podcast. REFERENCES Consumer Watchdog. Lost In The Cloud: Google And the US Government https://insidegoogle.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/GOOGGovfinal012411.pdf Gawker. Pokemon Go Is A Government Surveillance Psyop Conspiracy https://web.archive.org/web/20160712023458/http://blackbag.gawker.com/pokemon-go-is-a-government-surveillance-psyop-conspirac-1783461240 Pando. Oakland emails give another glimpse into the Google-Military-Surveillance Complex https://web.archive.org/web/20150819032041/https://pando.com/2014/03/07/the-google-military-surveillance-complex/ Financial Times. Lunch with the FT: Pokémon Go creator John Hanke https://www-ft-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/content/596ec790-afe8-11e6-9c37-5787335499a0 Dalton, Craig M. "Sovereigns, spooks, and hackers: An early history of Google geo services and map mashups." Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 48.4 (2013): 261-274. Kilday, Bill. Never lost again: The Google mapping revolution that sparked new industries and augmented our reality. Harper Business, 2018. Wes's Blog. My Personal Journey On Google Earth https://westhierry.blogspot.com/2008/07/my-personal-journey-on-google-earth.html Intercept. Privacy Scandal Haunts Pokemon Go CEO https://theintercept.com/2016/08/09/privacy-scandal-haunts-pokemon-gos-ceo/ CJR. Poor coverage of Google's Street View scandal settlement https://www.cjr.org/the_audit/misleading_coverage_of_street.php RFI. Pokemon Go to jail - Frenchman nabbed hunting Pokemon on Indonesian military base. https://www.rfi.fr/en/asia-pacific/20160719-pokemon-go-jail-frenchman-nabbed-hunting-pokemon-indonesian-military-base CIA Office of Security. Are you At An Agency Facility? Pokemon NO! https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/are%20you%20at%20an%20agency%20faci%5B15210727%5D.pdf Foreign Policy. The Great Pokemon Go Spy Panic. https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/11/29/pokemongo-cia-nsa-intelligence-spying/ Niantic Labs. Building a Large Geospatial Model to Achieve Spatial Intelligence https://nianticlabs.com/news/largegeospatialmodel

A short episode this week, featuring Keyhole which abuses a logic bug in Windows Store DRM, an OAuth flow issue, and a CSRF protection bypass. Links and vulnerability summaries for this episode are available at: https://dayzerosec.com/podcast/265.html [00:00:00] Introduction [00:00:16] Attacking Hypervisors From KVM to Mobile Security Platforms [00:02:30] Keyhole [00:10:12] Drilling the redirect_uri in OAuth [00:18:00] Cross-Site POST Requests Without a Content-Type Header [00:24:03] New AMSI Bypss Technique Modifying CLR.DLL in Memory Podcast episodes are available on the usual podcast platforms: -- Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1484046063 -- Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4NKCxk8aPEuEFuHsEQ9Tdt -- Google Podcasts: https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9hMTIxYTI0L3BvZGNhc3QvcnNz -- Other audio platforms can be found at https://anchor.fm/dayzerosec You can also join our discord: https://discord.gg/daTxTK9

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Mark Slack is a pioneer in medical robotics and one of the key figures behind CMR Surgical, a company now valued at over $3B. His incredible journey and path to entrepreneurial success was shaped by early challenges, military service, and a deep-seated commitment to improving healthcare through innovation. CMR Surgical has attracted funding from top-tier investors like SoftBank Vision Fund 2, LGT, Escala Capital Investments, and Ally Bridge Group.

Brady Trantham is joined by Jerry Ramsey of 107.7 The Franchise to talk about OU's matchup against Tennessee. Go check out our new website! www.keyholepod.com/ If you want more OU podcasts and written articles, go check out our Patreon! www.patreon.com/ThroughTheKeyhole Don't forget to follow us on social media! Twitter: @KeyholePod Instagram & Threads: @KeyholePodcast Facebook: www.facebook.com/KeyholePod

Leigh Francis' creation Keith Lemon came to our attention with Bo Selecta in the early noughties, and he hasn't been off our screens much since, with various sketch and panel shows becoming hits, most notably Celebrity Juice and the revamped Through the Keyhole. Surreal and silly, his is a brand of comedy that has mass appeal, and his new book 'Leigh, Myself and I' charts how "a little boy called Leigh became a naughty bear".What then will his Inheritance Tracks be?Inherited: Stand and Deliver by Adam and the Ants Passed on: New Sensation by INXSProducer: Ben Mitchell

Kchris Griffin, of the Horns Down Podcast, joins Brady Trantham to preview OU's upcoming game against Tulane. You can go to his Youtube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/@hornsdownpodcast Go check out our new website! www.keyholepod.com/ If you want more OU podcasts and written articles, go check out our Patreon! www.patreon.com/ThroughTheKeyhole Don't forget to follow us on social media! Twitter: @KeyholePod Instagram & Threads: @KeyholePodcast Facebook: www.facebook.com/KeyholePod

Each week it'll get better (production is hard!). Thank you to Ryan Chapman for joining the show. Go check out our new website! www.keyholepod.com/ If you want more OU podcasts and written articles, go check out our Patreon! www.patreon.com/ThroughTheKeyhole Don't forget to follow us on social media! Twitter: @KeyholePod Instagram & Threads: @KeyholePodcast Facebook: www.facebook.com/KeyholePod

Allen and Brady debuted Keyhole Live! Kind of! It took two tries, but it worked (and it will only get better!) Thank you to everyone who joined the livestream on our YouTube channel @keyholesports7864. This episode will be exclusive for Patrons for 24 hours and then free for all! Go check out our new website! www.keyholepod.com/ If you want more OU podcasts and written articles, go check out our Patreon! www.patreon.com/ThroughTheKeyhole Don't forget to follow us on social media! Twitter: @KeyholePod Instagram & Threads: @KeyholePodcast Facebook: www.facebook.com/KeyholePod

Another great episode this time featuring the CEO of Think Big Leaders and innovation enthusiast, Amir Elion. Amir has worked with clients of all sizes, from all industries, on many different sides of business. His bread and butter is helping teams hone strategy, transform processes, and expand perspectives to find success in the ever-changing technological landscape. Now, at Think Big Leaders, Amir is using his expertise to help companies successfully adopt and innovate with #GeneratvieAI. He works with clients on how to leverage #AI for their specific user base and product portfolios. As a part of Think Big Leaders, he has also developed more general workshops and courses that can be applied to a wide range of different business types and situations. Amir's perspective on #GenAI is exciting, and his breadth of experience provides valuable insight. What are you doing to leverage AI in your processes today? Like, Subscribe, and Follow: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAIUNkXmnAPgLWnqUDpUGAQ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/keyhole-software Twitter: @KeyholeSoftware Find even more Keyhole content on our website (https://keyholesoftware.com/podcast/). About Amir: Amir Elion has a passion for innovation, and he implements and shares it with others whenever he can. He also helps leaders and organizations understand, think about, and enforce Generative AI solutions, tools, and strategies. Amir has led dozens of business, management, innovation, and transformation processes. He has a proven track record of leading successful project, product, and solution teams, change management, and business processes. Amir's specialties include Generative AI strategy, applications, and skills (ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and OpenAI on Azure, Midjourney, AWS Bedrock, and more), Digital Innovation, Systematic Inventive Thinking (SIT) and Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), Amazon Web Services (AWS), Virtual and Augmented Reality, Product Management and Development, Learning Strategy and Technologies, Workshop facilitation, and more. Amir on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amirelion/ Think Big Leaders: https://www.thinkbigleaders.com/ Generative AI. Done Right: @ThinkBigLeaders 

Debbie Reynolds joins Zach on the podcast today. Debbie has been involved in #DigitalTransformation for decades across a variety of industries. She found her niche in #DataPrivacy, working on the bleeding edge with corporations as large as McDonald's, helping them prepare for the General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR). Eventually, she started her own consulting firm, focused on counseling companies around data privacy compliance and strategy. Debbie's views on #GenerativeAI are, of course, filtered through the lens of privacy. She cautions her clients, big and small alike, to be wary of the confidentiality of the information they input into LLMs. After the info is given to the AI, it can be extracted - even if code is written to suppress it. On the flip side, an absence of information can also be dangerous. Even though AI is a machine, it still holds biases, and these biases can encroach on liberty, run afoul of the laws, and even harm people. Debbie encourages users to remember: it's the AI platform's profit and the user's risk, so be diligent about the way you use it. Especially with the impending AI Act (which promises some of the stiffest legislative penalties), she prescribes leveraging AI and LLMs for low-risk use cases like summarizing content or drafting emails. In Debbie's words, #AI "is a source of information not a source of truth; you as the human have to bring the truth." Like, Subscribe, and Follow: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAIUNkXmnAPgLWnqUDpUGAQ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/keyhole-software Twitter: @KeyholeSoftware Find even more Keyhole content on our website (https://keyholesoftware.com/podcast/). About Debbie: Debbie Reynolds, known as "The Data Diva," has solidified her reputation as a leading authority in the fields of Data Privacy and Emerging Technology. With a focus on industries including AdTech, FinTech, EdTech, Biometrics, IoT, AI, Smart Manufacturing, Smart Cities, Privacy Tech, Smartphones, and Mobile App Development, Debbie has over 20 years of experience navigating the complex landscape of Data Privacy and Data Protection. Debbie's contributions to the field have earned her numerous accolades, including being named one of the Global Top Eight Privacy Experts by Identity Review and one of the Global Top 30 CyberRisk Communicators by The European Risk Policy Institute in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, the U.S. Department of Commerce appointed her to the Internet of Things (IoT) Advisory Board, and she served as the IEEE Committee Chair for Cyber Security for Next Generation Connectivity Systems. Debbie on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/debbieareynolds/ Debbie Reynolds Consulting: https://www.debbiereynoldsconsulting.com/ 

Send us a Text Message.Remember those books you read in the summer when you were young? Kids fighting evil in their small town? Bikes, and blood brothers and promises to keep?  If you love those kinda stories then you're in good company. This week Jonathan Janz joins me to talk about the coming-of-age horror in his ongoing epic, Children of the Dark. Book One was rereleased earlier this year, just in time for the sequel The Nightflyer's to continue the story of Will Burgess and the monstrous secrets in his backyard.  As well as a whole lot of chat about favourite movies, a million book recommendations and Jonathan's beautifully wholesome horror movie bond with his daughter – we also discuss the canon of coming of age horror, how to write honestly about childhood, the role of theme in a story, and where Jonathan's monsters originated. Climb up to our treehouse. Bring snacks. Enjoy.Savage Species (2013), by Jonathan JanzSomething Wicked This Way Comes (1962), by Ray BradburyDandelion Wine (1957), by Ray BradburyThe Body (1982), by Stephen KingThe Wind Through the Keyhole (2012), by Stephen KingBoy's Life (1991), by Robert R. McCammonThe Dark Valley (1998), by Joe DonnellyThe Deer Kings  (2021), by Wendy WagnerThe Reformatory (2023), by Tananarive DueSummer of Night (1991), by Dan SimmonsGhoul (2007), by Brian KeeneThe Beast House (1986), by Richard LaymonThe Girl Next Door (1989), by Jack KetchumIncidents Around the House (2024), by Josh Malerman Support Talking Scared on Patreon Come talk books on Twitter @talkscaredpod, on Instagram, or email direct to talkingscaredpod@gmail.com Support the Show.

Zach hosts tech leader, CTO, MIT professor, and author - Mark Herschberg. Mark's resume is impressive and storied; highlights include helping HBS develop market theory training software and parachuting into Fortune 500 companies to foster start-up-like innovation. He has also worked extensively with #BigData and #MachineLearning AI since the 90s, developing a number of data-driven projects, some of which use AI. Currently, Mark is doing a lot of work with #GenerativeAI; he holds patents that use #GenAI and is currently working with a handful of companies whose products are based on AI. Zach and Mark talk about his current projects as well as a number of issues GenAI poses to tech and society at large. They hit on hallucinations and the need for Generative AI that cites its sources. They talk about AI's impact on the signal-to-noise ratio (misinformation) and how both machines and humans need to be better trained to fact-check information. They also discuss future engineers and the continued need to understand what's going on under the hood of the software, even if GenAI makes troubleshooting easier. Like, Subscribe, and Follow: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAIUNkXmnAPgLWnqUDpUGAQ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/keyhole-software Twitter: @KeyholeSoftware Find even more Keyhole content on our website (https://keyholesoftware.com/podcast/). About Mark: Mark Herschberg is a seasoned executive and cybersecurity expert who bridges the divide between business and technology. He has started, grown, and fixed startup companies spanning over a dozen different verticals as well as helped two Fortune 500 companies with their internal startup initiatives. Mark has also been involved in creating educational programs for MIT and Havard Business School. Of late, he's helped companies think through their artificial intelligence strategy in general and particularly AI cybersecurity issues. Find Mark on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/hershey/ Mark's Book, The Career Toolkit: https://www.thecareertoolkitbook.com/  Brain Bump: https://brainbumpapp.com/ 

- Is 9-3 good enough? Or will we need specific wins to make the playoffs? - Winning the SEC might not be the best path - Which position group can't afford any injuries? - Seth Littrell's scheme and approach Follow Brady Trantham on Twitter @bradydoessports and @keyholepod. Subscribe to Through the Keyhole's Patreon here: https://www.patreon.com/throughthekeyhole  Learn more about Through the Keyhole at https://www.keyholepod.com/ FOLLOW THE MAIN LINE HERE: - TWITTER |  / themainlinepod   - APPLE I https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast... - SPOTIFY | https://open.spotify.com/show/10HRMul... - YOUTUBE |  / @reddirtmediaco   The Main Line is co-hosted by Tyler Burton and Adam Jacquez and is presented by The Mercury Podcast Network. For sponsorships or business inquiries reach out to: ads@teammercury.io #oklahomasooners #oklahomafootball #sooners #oufootball #collegefootball #podcast

Zach welcomes old friend and CTO of Trualta, Shahzad Zafar on the pod today. Shahzad has always been interested in solving hard problems, which is what drew him to computer programming in the first place, and his family's background in medicine gave him a particular fascination with healthcare. He kicked off his career at Cerner and has been working within the intersection of healthcare and technology ever since. Today, Zach and Shahzad delve specifically into how #GenAI is transforming how physicians, nurses, and the healthcare team care for patients. Shahzad highlights successful use cases he's seen as well as areas to take caution in, driving home the importance of error control and risk mitigation. #GenerativeAI has already and will continue to change healthcare for the better going forward. Key takeaways include...  Enhanced Diagnostic Support: Generative AI improves patient care by providing advanced diagnostics, boosting efficiency, and enabling faster decisions. AI-Powered Chatbots: AI chatbots offer quick, accurate answers to patient queries and assist in scheduling, reducing provider workload. Early Detection and Prevention: Generative AI analyzes data for early detection of conditions like sepsis, potentially saving lives by predicting critical health issues. Personalized Caregiver Support: Generative AI offers personalized education and support, helping caregivers access relevant resources and training tailored to patient needs. Like, Subscribe, and Follow: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAIUNkXmnAPgLWnqUDpUGAQ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/keyhole-software Twitter: @KeyholeSoftware Find even more Keyhole content on our website (https://keyholesoftware.com/podcast/). About Shahzad: Shahzad Zafar is a healthcare technology leader who enjoys building high-performing products and teams. He has over 18 years of experience and is currently the CTO at Trualta. He has worked with both public and private Cloud Platforms and has worked with a varying tech stack through the years, including C++, Java, Laravel, Ruby, Flutter, Javascript, MySQL and Oracle. Shahzad also actively speaks at various conferences across the country. Shahzad on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shahzad-zafar-a482462/ 

Matthias Pulpo joins Zach on GenAI in the Enterprise this week. Matthias got into technology the curious way, starting when he was 8, reverse engineering how everything worked. He started his own web development and design firm right out of high school and has continued in that entrepreneurial, growth-oriented vein throughout his career. GenAI has completely disrupted the language technology sector and is, therefore, integral to what Matthias and his team do now. Zach dives deeper into what that looks like, talking through the challenges Matthias has faced and how he sees Generative AI continuing to benefit the business.  Key Takeaways: Localization with GenAI: Using Generative AI for instant translations, enhancing global communication and accessibility. Multilanguage AI Challenges: #AI models need diverse language data to overcome biases and improve accuracy. Edge Device AI: Running Generative AI on edge devices is crucial for real-time applications in healthcare and finance. GenAI in Customer Service: Using Generative AI to expand customer support in multiple languages, making services more accessible. Like, Subscribe, and Follow: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAIUNkXmnAPgLWnqUDpUGAQ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/keyhole-software Twitter: @KeyholeSoftware Find even more Keyhole content on our website (https://keyholesoftware.com/podcast/). About Matthias: With over a decade of experience in the software industry, Matthias Pupillo have a proven track record of success in leading complex software development projects from start to finish. He is skilled in a variety of programming languages and technologies and has a strong understanding of software architecture and design patterns. Find Matthias on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/matthiaspupillo/ 

George Knapp – Against the Odds: Major D.E. Keyhole's Battle to End UFO Secrecy

Send us a Text Message.In this episode, I had the pleasure of talking with Avi Bar-Zeev, a true tech pioneer and the Founder and President of The XR Guild. With over three decades of experience, Avi has an impressive resume, including launching Disney's Aladdin VR ride, developing Second Life's 3D worlds, co-founding Keyhole (which became Google Earth), co-inventing Microsoft's HoloLens, and contributing to the Amazon Echo Frames. The XR Guild is a nonprofit organization that promotes ethics in extended reality (XR) through mentorship, networking, and educational resources. Throughout our conversation, we dive into privacy concerns in augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and the metaverse, highlighting increased data misuse and manipulation risks as technology progresses. Avi shares his insights on how product and development teams can continue to be innovative while still upholding responsible, ethical standards with clear principles and guidelines to protect users' personal data. Plus, he explains the role of eye-tracking technology and why he advocates classifying its data as health data. We also discuss the challenges of anonymizing biometric data, informed consent, and the need for ethics training in all of the tech industry. Topics Covered: The top privacy and misinformation issues that Avi has noticed when it comes to AR, VR, and metaverse dataWhy Avi advocates for classifying eye tracking data as health data The dangers of unchecked AI manipulation and why we need to be more aware and in control of our online presence The ethical considerations for experimentation in highly regulated industriesWhether it is possible to anonymize VR and AR dataWays these product and development teams can be innovative while maintaining ethics and avoiding harm AR risks vs VR risksAdvice and privacy principles to keep in mind for technologists who are building AR and VR systems Understanding The XR Guild Resources Mentioned:Read: The Battle for Your Brain: Defending the Right to Think Freely in the Age of NeurotechnologyRead: Our Next RealityGuest Info: Connect with Avi on LinkedInCheck out the XR GuildLearn about Avi's Consulting Services Shifting Privacy Left MediaWhere privacy engineers gather, share, & learnTRU Staffing PartnersTop privacy talent - when you need it, where you need it.Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.Copyright © 2022 - 2024 Principled LLC. All rights reserved.

Today, Zach interviews LinkedIn Top Voice and Digital Transformation Strategist, Jeff Winter. From the beginning, Jeff's career has centered around manufacturing, with his latest focus being on Industry 4.0. You may have heard the buzz words, but do you know what Industry 4.0 and Digital Transformation really are? Zach and Jeff dive head first into these concepts, explaining their unique meanings and implications on the business world. The fourth industrial revolution is here. Let's embrace it together. Key Takeaways for Quick Consumption: Generative AI is revolutionizing industries by enhancing efficiency and reducing costs. Its applications span across sectors, impacting every role from frontline workers to CEOs. Use Generative AI to complement and enhance existing skills rather than replace them. This approach boosts productivity and effectiveness, allowing professionals to save time and improve the quality of their work. The rapid adoption of Generative AI, exemplified by tools like ChatGPT, marks a significant shift. Its integration into everyday tasks and business processes is becoming ubiquitous, demonstrating its profound potential and versatility. Like, Subscribe, and Follow: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAIUNkXmnAPgLWnqUDpUGAQ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/keyhole-software Twitter: @KeyholeSoftware Find even more Keyhole content on our website (https://keyholesoftware.com/podcast/). About Jeff: Jeff Winter's passion is helping manufacturers digitally transform in innovative ways through Industry 4.0 technologies. Doing so requires a unique ability to bridge the gap between business strategy, industry trends, technology implementation, and change management. Jeff enjoys building collaborative relationships with clients, partners, coworkers, and industry evangelists to help empower manufacturers to achieve more. As the Industry strategy leader for manufacturing for Hitachi Solutions, he focuses on helping companies that build “things” (discrete manufacturers) or “stuff” (continuous/process manufacturers) digitally transform.  Jeff on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffreyrwinter/ 

In this captivating episode, we sit down with Michael McCaslin, the visionary founder of Keyhole Piano Shells. Michael's innovative designs have revolutionized the piano industry, providing musicians and performers with elegant and functional piano shells that elevate any performance. We dive into Michael's journey from concept to creation, discussing the challenges he faced, the inspiration behind his designs, and the impact of Keyhole Piano Shells on the music world. Whether you're a musician, a music enthusiast, or simply curious about the intersection of creativity and entrepreneurship, this episode offers fascinating insights into the world of piano innovation. Join us for an inspiring conversation with Michael McCaslin, where we uncover the passion and ingenuity that drive his work at Keyhole Piano Shells.

Zach hosts Strategic Futurist, TEDx speaker, and founder of The Digital Speaker, Dr. Mark van Rijmenam. Dr. van Rijemenam is a prolific, highly awarded author and speaker who lives and breathes cutting-edge techs like Gen AI. He considers himself an optimistic dystopian (a bit of an oxymoron); he believes it's critical to understand the bad and the ugly in order to end up in the good.  Dr. van Rijemenan is a true expert on Generative AI. In fact, ChatGPT is listed as a co-author on one of his latest books! Zach asks him about the process, diving down the rabbit hole of these new techs, their appropriate uses, and strategies to mitigate risk. Like, Subscribe, and Follow: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAIUNkXmnAPgLWnqUDpUGAQ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/keyhole-software Twitter: @KeyholeSoftware Find even more Keyhole content on our website (https://keyholesoftware.com/podcast/). About Dr. van Rijmenam: Dr. Mark van Rijmenam is a renowned strategic futurist and keynote speaker who provides critical insights into emerging technologies and their impacts on business and society. With degrees in hospitality management, marketing, and a PhD in management focused on big data analytics, blockchain, and AI, Dr. van Rijmenam brings an interdisciplinary perspective spanning both academia and industry. Dr. van Rijmenam pushed boundaries by giving the first ever TEDx talk in virtual reality in 2020 and then delivering another groundbreaking TEDx talk in 2023 together with his digital deepfake, providing a profound look into our emerging post-truth era. He has also created a novel app offering 24/7 access to his AI-powered digital twin for personalized, on-demand insights via text, audio and video in 28 languages. Follow on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/markvanrijmenam/ 

The whole crew is back to talk about Allen's latest article on Keyhole, "Setting Expectations," and we tier the SEC head coaches. If you want more OU podcasts and written articles, go check out our Patreon! www.patreon.com/ThroughTheKeyhole Go check out our new website! https://www.keyholepod.com/ Don't forget to follow us on social media! Twitter: @KeyholePod Instagram & Threads: @KeyholePodcast Facebook: www.facebook.com/KeyholePod

TUESDAY HR 3 Jeff Howell in studio. A.I. art and his creative vision. Moral Question with the Monsters Do you think you could be impartial juror? Monster Sports - WNBA DRAFT

Go to https://www.vaerwatches.com/nateandkoa to unlock your 15% off discount code. Go to https://www.magicmind.co/koanate We got a 20% off code for you, it's: KOANATE If you get the subscription, it stacks with the on-site discounts and comes with free shipping. NEW PODCAST MERCH https://nateandkoapodcast.creator-spring.com/

In this classic episode from the NMF archive, Cally talks to broadcaster, writer and comedian Jon Holmes about sheds, stag weekends, fails, firings, fabrications, faxes, mix tapes, origin stories, analogue vs. digital, courage, adoption, rejection, adventures and mountain gorillas. If you haven't already, why not follow Namaste Motherf**kers at https://auddy.co/shows/entertainment/namaste - that way you'll never miss a show! Instagram @jonholmes1 Twitter: @jonholmes1 Jon's website Baby ‘still face' experiment Theroux the Keyhole by Louis Theroux More about Cally Instagram: @callybeatoncomedian Twitter: @callybeaton Produced by Mike Hanson and Kourosh Adhamy for Pod People Productions Twitter: @podpeopleuk Instagram: @podpeopleuk Music by Jake Yapp Cover Art by Jaijo Design Sponsorship: info@theloniouspunkproductions.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Losers return to Mid-World to discuss the eighth and final (?) Dark Tower novel: 2012's The Wind Through the Keyhole. Follow us on Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | Patreon Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Summary In this episode, the Elaine highlights the work of Dr. Deb Tolman, an environmental scientist and founder of the SILO Project, who shares her knowledge on sustainable gardening, specifically using keyhole gardens. With origins in Africa, keyhole gardens can be adapted to challenging climates like Texas. In this episode, Elaine discusses the benefits of keyhole gardening, including its potential to grow fresh produce at home and talks through a step-by-step guide to creating your own keyhole garden. Guest • This is a solo episode from Elaine Acker highlighting the work of Dr. Deb Tolman: Environmental scientist and founder of the SILO Project, an organization that researches and develops sustainable living practices and educates the public. Important Links • Read the full article and see photos on our blog: • https://www.thecookbookcreative.com/blog • Follow Dr. Deb on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/p/The-Silo-Project-100070799003450/ Visit Dr. Deb's website and check out upcoming workshops: https://www.debtolman.com/ Topics discussed • Introduction to Dr. Deb Tolman and the SILO Project • Origins and concept of keyhole gardens • Adapting keyhole gardens to challenging climates • Benefits of keyhole gardening • Success stories of keyhole gardens in Clifton, Texas • Thriving in challenging conditions with keyhole gardens • The book Soiled Rotten: Keyhole Gardens All Year Round, which offers a step-by-step guide to creating a keyhole garden Key takeaways • Keyhole gardens are a sustainable gardening method that originated in Africa and have been used by humanitarian aid organizations to help communities grow their own food in challenging conditions. • Dr. Deb Tolman adapted keyhole gardening to suit the dry conditions of North Central Texas, and it has proven to be successful in growing a variety of vegetables year-round. • Keyhole gardens thrive even in extreme climates like Texas by reducing water requirements, using drip irrigation, applying mulch, and using shade structures to protect plants from heat and sun exposure. • Creating a keyhole garden involves constructing the exterior walls, creating a composting basket in the center, layering the garden with compostable materials, and regularly feeding the garden with kitchen scraps and organic materials. • With proper care and maintenance, keyhole gardens can provide an abundance of fresh produce, save water, and lower grocery bills. Notable quotes • “People often underestimate the potential of sustainable gardening methods like keyhole gardens. You don't need to spend excessive amounts on groceries when you can grow your own fresh produce right at home.” - Dr. Deb Tolman Entities mentioned • Dr. Deb Tolman • The SILO Project • Texas Co-Op Power magazine • Ace Hardware Keywords sustainable gardening, keyhole gardens, Dr. Deb Tolman, SILO Project, Clifton Texas, challenging climates, fresh produce, drought resistant gardening, water conservation, composting, mulch, shade structures, step-by-step keyhole gardening, Soiled Rotten: keyhole gardens all year round Do you want to publish a cookbook? Visit The Cookbook Creative and find out how to publish your own cookbook. We can take you from the idea to Amazon in as little as 90 days!

In this finale episode of the first season of Shedding Starlight, we look at clues given to us by the game's antagonist to see what the future may hold for the series. Heart, body, and soul. Heartless. Nobody. What will these new factors bring to us? Thank you to Adrian and Lucas for your questions on this episode!Next season: Kingdom Hearts Chain of Memories. Send your questions to sheddingstarlight@gmail.com Shedding Starlight YouTube: https://youtube.com/@SheddingStarlightHannah's Twitter: https://twitter.com/hanmckinleyMel's Twitter: https://twitter.com/KHNyctophiliacThe Secret Reports Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@TheSecretReportsHannah's YouTube channel: https://youtube.com/@hanmckinley

“Ones born of the heart and darkness, devoid of hearts, ravage all worlds and bring desolation.Seize all hearts and consummate the great heart. All hearts to be one, one heart to encompass all.Realize the destiny: the realm of Kingdom Hearts. The great darkness sealed within the great heart.Progeny of darkness, come back to the eternal darkness. For the heart of light shall unseal the path. Seven hearts, one Keyhole, one key to the door. The door of darkness, tied by two keys.The door to darkness to seal the light. None shall pass but shadows, returning to the darkness.Ones born of the heart and darkness, hunger for every heart until the dark door opens." Thank you to Adrian, Michael, and Far for your questions on this episode!Next week's episode: Ansem's 13th report and clues to the future. Send your questions to sheddingstarlight@gmail.com Shedding Starlight YouTube: https://youtube.com/@SheddingStarlightHannah's Twitter: https://twitter.com/hanmckinleyMel's Twitter: https://twitter.com/KHNyctophiliacThe Secret Reports Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@TheSecretReportsHannah's YouTube channel: https://youtube.com/@hanmckinley

"In the end, the wind takes everything..." For The Wind Through the Keyhole: Intro: A Glorious Return to the Ka-tet! (12:57) Strengths: -Narrative Voice/Archetype Parallels/Narrative Structure USA Hardcover (Pgs: 66-67, 115-116) (36:14) Characters: Young Bill/Tim Stoutheart/Widow Smack/Big Kells & the Barony Covenanter (55:59) Criticism & Questions: -More Jamie DeCurry! -Edit Tim's Journey? X: @UnderratedSKPod Instagram/Threads: UnderratedSKPodcast End Credits: Keys of Moon (SoundCloud) Kim C. will be back in 2024 with Mr. Mercedes!

The highly anticipated launch of the BSOD keyhole is only a few days away, and the boys have got all the details for you in this episode.  Everything from launch day details, to design notes and everything in between.  Spence, Drake, Riley, Aaron, and Gurk talk about the 2010 BSOD and how the last 14 years of learning turned in to the 2024 BSOD. If youre a fan of Rolling Thunder calls, and cutdown history..... this is an episode you wont want to miss! See yall in Nashville!    

​​Welcome to You Haven't Blanked That! It's Cameron Crowe Month. This week we watched Aloha. We talk about Jimmy's disdain, human connections, Nobody liked this movie, John Krasinski, Too Much on the Nose, Bradley Cooper, cultural appropriation, Curb Your Enthusiasm, figuring out his daughter, Corey Feldman, The Wild Life, Vanilla Sky. What We Are Blanking: Days of Thunder, Devotion, Spider-Man, Rebel Moon, Wind Through the Keyhole, Langoliers, Secret Window Secret Garden, Ted (TV series), Wrong Reasons, Falso Amor, Green Day Saviors, Alkaline Trio, The Highwaymen, Only the End of the World Again, ​​Opening theme by the Assassins ​​Closing theme by Lucas Perea ​​ For more info, click the link in the bio. https://linktr.ee/yhblankthat --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/blanked-that/message

In this episode of the Ducks Unlimited podcast, host Katie Burke interviews guest Rick Milligan, a call and decoy collector. Rick shares his passion for collecting and discusses those who served as mentors to him in the field. They also talk about an upcoming exhibition in the museum and delve into Rick's introduction to the outdoors and hunting. Tune in to hear Rick's journey as an outdoorsman and call collector.www.ducks.org/DUPodcast

Horror Fiction Author Nat Cassidy Raises the Stephen King Bar... Welcome Novelist, Actor, Musician & Playwright, Nat Cassidy to TYOUSK Podcast! In this Constant Reader Interview, Nat and I Chat: -Dusty Desert Kids & What's Shaking, Shakespeare? -Not a Fairytale Fan. -Which King Character deserves Bodily Harm? -Signed Stephen King Books -King Character Crushes? -Checking into Room 1408... More from Nat Cassidy: http://www.natcassidy.com/ Please Give the Show some Love and Post a 5-Star Rating on your Favorite Podcast Outlet! End Credits: (Keys of Moon) Sound Cloud Twitter: @UnderratedSKPod Insta: UnderratedSKPodcast Kim C. Will Return with Wind Through the Keyhole!

Keyhole Alamo Bowl Preview! by Brady Trantham

The horse internet is losing their minds over a unique and interesting clip job at Dressage Finals. This week, it's time for all the No Stirrup November and bit fitting hot takes. Thanks for tuning in.Guests and Links Episode 117:Host: Justine Griffin, Award Winning Journalist with Heels Down MagazineHost: Jessica Payne, International Event Rider for Payne EquestrianHost: Ellie Woznica Owner/Trainer of Double Barrel CreekFeatured Image: Heels Down MagazineDrink Recipe: Sleepy Girl Mocktail (viral on TikTok)Product Review: Zero Proof Horse TreatsGuest: Anna MerekGuest: Anne Hawkins, LiveEQ FounderLink: Horse internet losing their minds over the bold clip job at Dressage FinalsLink: Anybody wanna do a No Stirrup November hot take? Link: Doug's Keyhole jump commentarySubscribe: The Brief | Heels Down Spark | Donate | Our PatreonJoin our Facebook Group: Search for “Heels Down Happy Hour Podcast Lounge“This episode is presented by: Zero Proof Horse Treats & LiveEq, and listeners like you! Thank you to our sponsors!

The horse internet is losing their minds over a unique and interesting clip job at Dressage Finals. This week, it's time for all the No Stirrup November and bit fitting hot takes. Thanks for tuning in.Guests and Links Episode 117:Host: Justine Griffin, Award Winning Journalist with Heels Down MagazineHost: Jessica Payne, International Event Rider for Payne EquestrianHost: Ellie Woznica Owner/Trainer of Double Barrel CreekFeatured Image: Heels Down MagazineDrink Recipe: Sleepy Girl Mocktail (viral on TikTok)Product Review: Zero Proof Horse TreatsGuest: Anna MerekGuest: Anne Hawkins, LiveEQ FounderLink: Horse internet losing their minds over the bold clip job at Dressage FinalsLink: Anybody wanna do a No Stirrup November hot take? Link: Doug's Keyhole jump commentarySubscribe: The Brief | Heels Down Spark | Donate | Our PatreonJoin our Facebook Group: Search for “Heels Down Happy Hour Podcast Lounge“This episode is presented by: Zero Proof Horse Treats & LiveEq, and listeners like you! Thank you to our sponsors!