Podcasts about Halicarnassus

With Ascanius gone, his half-brother Silvius- the posthumous son of Aeneas and Lavinia- steps into the narrative. This week on Autocrat, a contested royal election, murky regency timelines, and the podcast hosts declaring war on Titus Livius.Would you be interested in a discussion on what the historical founding of Rome was like outside of its mythological origins? Let us know!Sources for this episode:Appian (1972), Appian's Roman History in Four Volumes (Volume I). London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.Dio (1961), Dio's Roman History (Volume I). Translated by E. Cary. London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.Diodorus of Sicily (1993), The Library of History Books IV.59- VIII. Translated by C. H. Oldfather. London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.Dionysus of Halicarnassus (1960), The Roman Antiquities of Dionysus of Halicarnassus. Translated by E. Cary. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann Ltd.Livy (1971), The Early History of Rome. Translated by A. de Sélincourt. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.Meade, G. (2021), Romans, Religion and the Aid of the Gods: An Exploration of the Pontifex Maximus in Roman Society. Portland State University: University Honors Theses: 1035.Ovid (1959), Ovid's Fasti. Translated by J. G. Frazer. London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.Ovid (1968), The Metamorphoses of Ovid. Translated by M. M. Innes. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.Sextus Aurelius Victor (2004), Origo Gentis Romanae: The Origin of the Roman Race. Translated by K. Haniszewski, L. Karas, K. Koch, E. Parobek, C. Pratt and B. Serwicki. Canisius College Translated Texts 3. Canisius College, Buffalo, New York.Suetonius (1983), The Twelve Caesars. Translated by R. Graves. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.Author unknown (date unknown), Nuremberg Chronicle: being the Liber Chronicarum of Dr. Hartmann translated in English. Morse Library, Beloit College.Sources for the pope's pontifical association (even if not outright calling him pontifex maximus):Kelly, J. N. D. (1996), Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Author unknown (1916), The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis) (Volume I). Translated by L. R. Loomis. New York: Columbia University Press.

Alba Longa is here! Pig City! Or Long White City. Or Longtown... The etymology is disputed. As is pretty much everything else from the reign of Ascanius! Join us for revisions of our timeline from episode 77, a wine obsession on the part of Dionysus of Halicarnassus, and far too much of our Auto-cat Felix disrupting recording.Sources for this episode:Appian (1972), Appian's Roman History in Four Volumes (Vol. I). London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.Dio (1961), Dio's Roman History (Volume I). Translated by E. Cary. London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.Diodorus of Sicily (1993), The Library of History Books IV.59- VIII. Translated by C. H. Oldfather. London and Cambridge, Massachusetts: William Heinemann Ltd. and Harvard University Press.Dionysus of Halicarnassus (1960), The Roman Antiquities of Dionysus of Halicarnassus. Translated by E. Cary. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press and William Heinemann Ltd.Eutropius (1760), Eutropius; Epitome of the Roman History. London: Printed for W. Johnston et al.Livy (1971), The Early History of Rome. Translated by A. de Sélincourt. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.Ovid (1968), The Metamorphoses of Ovid. Translated by M. M. Innes. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd.Sextus Aurelius Victor (2004), Origo Gentis Romanae: The Origin of the Roman Race. Translated by K. Haniszewski, L. Karas, K. Koch, E. Parobek, C. Pratt and B. Serwicki. Canisius College Translated Texts 3. Canisius College, Buffalo, New York.Virgil (1976), The Aeneid. Translated by W. F. J. Knight. London: Penguin Books Ltd.Wilkinson, P., Carroll, G., Faulkner, M., Field, J. F., Haywood, J., Kerrigan, M., Philip, N., Pumphrey, N. and Tocino-Smith, J. (2018), The Mythology Book. London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd.Author unknown (date unknown), Nuremberg Chronicle: being the Liber Chronicarum of Dr. Hartmann translated in English. Morse Library, Beloit College.Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Dionysus of Halicarnassus (online) (Accessed 23/11/2025).Author unknown, Wikipedia (date unknown), Falerna (online) (Accessed 23/11/2025).

In 480 BC, following the fall of Thermopylae, the Greek fleet withdrew from Artemisium and regrouped at Salamis. At the same time, Xerxes advanced through Boeotia virtually unopposed, while Athens prepared for evacuation under the so-called Decree of Themistocles. Ancient sources speak of a Persian attempt to plunder Delphi, but modern scholarship generally regards this as later propaganda intended to protect the sanctuary's reputation.At Salamis, the Greek alliance faced difficult choices. Many Peloponnesian commanders favored retreat to the Isthmus, but Themistocles argued successfully for battle in the straits. His strategy, coupled with a ruse that compelled Xerxes to commit his fleet, brought the Persians into waters where their numbers offered little advantage. Among the notable figures at Salamis was Artemisia of Halicarnassus, whose role Herodotus highlights with particular interest.The Battle of Salamis was a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars. Though the conflict was far from over, the outcome would decide the course of the war going forward.*Contents:*00:00 After Thermopylae and Artemisium00:45 Persians Passing through Delphi03:55 The Themistocles Decree12:05 Preparing for the Persians14:09 Catalog of Ships18:45 Evacuating Athens21:51 The Sack of Athens27:14 Debating with Themistocles 37:20 The Persians Arrive at Salamis50:26 The Battle of Salamis01:07:40 Aftermath of Salamis01:09:58 Thank You and PatronsSupport the show

Narrator: Thomas Jones

392 BCE, the year that went down in history for “a campaign in no way memorable”. Ah, that Livy, he paints quite a picture, doesn't he? All About the ConsulsThe campaign in question involved our consuls for the year. Yep, consuls! The plebeians were still in a blissful mood after receiving some of the land from Veii in the previous year and so they didn't fight for military tribunes. The consuls took care of a few domestic matters, such as holding the Great Games promised by Camillus during the siege against Veii and dedicating the temple to Juno (another of Camillus' promises). Once the gods had been satisfied, the Romans were off to fight the Aequians at Mount Algidus in the titular “campaign in no way memorable.” Come on Aequians, put up a proper fight! The decisive victory (and possible capture of the city of Liphoecua) earned the consul Valerius a triumph as he slaughtered so many of the fleeing enemy. His colleague, Manlius, was given the lesser honour of an ovation. Guess he didn't kill as many men who were running away in terror! You can't reward that kind of behaviour in Ancient Rome. Kicking the Romans when they were really downWar found the Romans again in 392, this time with the Etruscan people of Volsinii and the Sappinates (which we presume was near Volsinii). The Romans could not respond with their typical vigour as they were hit by a horrific plague. Famine and pestilence were rampant in their part of the world, thanks to drought and a heatwave. These are the same environmental crises and disease mentioned by Dionysius of Halicarnassus for the previous year, which goes to show how the dating for this period is a tad confused. With the Romans too ill to fight, they send angry messages to their new enemies that they will get their revenge… just as soon as they can stop vomiting. Good Censors are like WafflesNo one was immune from the pestilence. Censors had been elected in 393 BCE, but now one of those elected, Gaius Julius, died in office and was replaced with Marcus Cornelius. Spoiler alert, but we are only a couple of years away from the Gallic sack of Rome. This happened in the same lustrum as events such as the death of Gaius Julius. Livy asserts that the way he was replaced caused issues with the gods, and that the Romans would ensure the partner of deceased stepped down from office and two brand new colleagues would be placed in office in the future. This may not be accurate, but it certainly shows that the Romans were committed to the idea of collegiality.The Scourge of the PlagueWhen the consuls also fell ill, they decided the Romans needed some fresh auspices. It was time for an interregnum! The consuls stepped down from office, and power was shared amongst the interreges until military tribunes with consular power were elected. We know what you're thinking – why interreges? This was a position created to deal with the transfer of powers between kings. It's interesting that the Romans continue to use this position long into the Republic. The last time we saw interreges was only a few years earlier in 396 BCE. We do mention a couple of Latin terms in this episode, so here is your handy glossary in case you need it!· The pomerium – the sacred boundary of the city. This was religious in nature. The pomerium set the bounds within which the auspices could be taken.· Reference to the lustrum – a lustratio was a purification ceremony. The lustrum condere was conducted at the end of a census by one of the censors. For our full show notes and edited transcripts, head on over to https://partialhistorians.com/Support the showPatreonKo-FiRead our booksRex: The Seven Kings of RomeYour Cheeky Guide to the Roman Empire Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Two Friends Talk History, host Zofia is joined by Stefano Carlo Sala, a doctoral researcher at the University of St Andrews, to explore the fascinating world of Dionysius of Halicarnassus—a Greek historian living in Rome at the dawn of the Empire. Together, they dive into how Dionysius used monuments, myth, and memory to connect early Roman history to a classical Greek past. If you're curious about how contemporaneous historians tried to explain Rome's rise, justify its rule over the Greek world, and shape cultural identity in an evolving political landscape, this episode is for you.

* Check out the new Thinker's Tavern discussion series athttps://www.instituteforfemininemyth.org/thinkers-tavern  *This week's podcast looks at the figure of Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes (Mercury) and Aphrodite (Venus), and his encounter with the aggressive nymph Salmacis, her prayer turning them into a single being that is both male and female and neither at the same time. While Salmacis is often viewed as an aggressive woman attacking an innocent boy, an inscription at Salmacis' pool in Halicarnassus suggests a very different view of the myth. We explore the idea of the Hermaphrodite as representing the bonds of marriage and ideas about marriage, as well as its connection to Plato's myth of the proto-human in the Symposium. The articles referenced in the podcast were:Kelly, Peter. "Intersex and Intertext: Ovid's Hermaphroditus and the Early Universe," Exploring Gender Diversity in the Ancient World, Allison Surtees and Jennifer Dyer, eds. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. Romano, Allen T. "The Invention of Marriage: Hermaphroditus and Salmacis at Halicarnassus and in Ovid," The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 59, No. 2 (Dec. 2009), pp. 543-561.

Year two begins with a two-part summary episode! Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c. 484 - 425 BCE) wrote his epic history of the Greco-Persian wars and was an instant sensation. The Histories ("history" in those days meaning an inquiry or research) cover the rise of the Persians, the customs of all the peoples with whom they fought, architecture, geography, animals, religious practices, and smutty court gossip. This episode covers the first five books of The Histories, and (trigger warning) also mentions Dick Van Dyke.Want a transcript? Click here. Don't forget to subscribe and leave a rating or review! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this weekend episode, Victor Davis Hanson, with cohost Sami Winc, takes a look at the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, a wonder of the ancient world. They also discuss the strangeness of Leftist violence and the damage it has done to Germany and England.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

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Recording Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Show Notes for Ctrl Alt WoW Episode 814 - Happy Birthday Grand Nagus What do we want in a video game? Quests multiplayer, consistent world AprilPvd in VR Final Fantasy VR Try Medieval Dynasty Medieval Dynasty Coop Playtest   Zenith  Freeland   Exercise  Sailing   DOE DeRail Valley Grand Nagus: I play on Halicarnassus on Dynamis Data Center.   FFXIV patch 7.1 launched today Minimalist interior design added Interior design change added   Stargazer Deck  AprilPvd https://www.twitch.tv/aprilpvd https://www.twitch.tv/aprilpvdvr https://www.youtube.com/aprilpvd

In this episode Madison is telling us all about the first ever mausoleum!! But first, Spencer tells us the sweet story of wind phones. We've got an obituary on repeat, and one for a shimmy queen! Oh, we've also got some dumb.ass.criminalllllllllls!Buy our book: prh.com/obitchuaryGet your Merch: wonderyshop.com/obitchuaryCome see us live on tour: obitchuarypodcast.comJoin our Patreon: Patreon.com/cultliterNew episodes come out every Thursday for free, with 1-week early access for Wondery+ subscribers.Follow along online: @obitchuarypod on Twitter & Instagram @obitchuarypodcast on TikTokCheck out Spencer's other podcast Cult Liter wherever you're listening!Write to us: obitpod@gmail.comSpencer Henry & Madison ReyesPO Box 18149 Long Beach, CA 90807Sources: https://nypost.com/2024/08/14/world-news/arsonist-set-self-on-fire-trying-to-burn-down-barber-shop-video/ https://www.mywindphone.com/our-storyhttps://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/i-reported-on-wind-phones-as-a-tool-for-grief-then-i-needed-one/https://bell-gardia.jp/en/guide/the-phone-of-the-wind/https://www.britannica.com/video/179971/Overview-Mausoleum-of-Halicarnassushttps://www.livescience.com/archaeology/did-the-ancient-egyptians-really-marry-their-siblings-and-children#https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coupled_siblings#Sibling_marriage_and_incesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecatomnushttps://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1848-1020-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereid_Monumenthttps://www.mausoleums.com/halicarnassus-mausoleum/https://www.thecollector.com/mausoleum-of-halicarnassus-ancient-wonders/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus/#google_vignettehttps://www.grunge.com/618475/the-untold-truth-of-the-mausoleum-at-halicarnassus/https://www.grunge.com/618475/the-untold-truth-of-the-mausoleum-at-halicarnassus/https://www.newspapers.com/image/84621951/?article=b1d816eb-1a37-4033-ab81-6fbc8d257d44&terms=shimmyhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/792895944/?article=5920f8c0-006e-4e08-98da-be2f7e4e7f67&terms=corpsehttps://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/dead-whale-washes-ashore-torrance-beach/See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Help keep our podcast going by contributing to our Patreon! Today, we're going to talk about a wonder that was built for a man who was once extremely powerful. But today, he's known primarily for the grandness of his tomb—a tomb commissioned not by him, but by his wife (and sister)—a tomb so great that much like the Pharos' name has been used in some languages to mean all lighthouses, his name in English now means all tombs.  Who was Mausolus? What made his tomb so great? And why was it named after him and not his wife, who was also buried there? Join us as we explore the mysteries of the Mausoleum. Sponsors and Advertising This episode was brought to you by Taskrabbit. Go to Taskrabbit.com and use promo code FANGIRL at checkout for 15% off your first task. This episode was brought to you by Field of Greens. Go to FieldofGreens.com and use promo code FANGIRL for 15% off your first order and FREE rush shipping. This podcast is a member of Airwave Media podcast network. Want to advertise on our show? Please direct advertising inquiries to advertising@airwavemedia.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Verhalen over wonderbaarlijke verwekkingen en geboorten werden verteld over heersers en filosofen in historische tijden. Van de filosofen werd gezegd dat Pythagoras de nakomeling was van Apollo en de menselijke Pythais, de mooiste van de Samiërs; Plato zou de zoon zijn van Apollo en Amphictione; Apollonius van Tyana zou de zoon zijn van Proteus, een godheid van Egypte, of Zeus.Er waren twee belangrijke redenen waarom de Ouden spraken over wonderbaarlijke verwekkingen en goddelijke afstamming. Het was zeker een poging om de superioriteit van een individu ten opzichte van andere stervelingen te verklaren. Over het algemeen keken mediterrane volkeren naar iemands geboorte of afstamming om iemands karakter en gedrag te verklaren. In Plutarch's "Romulus" wordt Remus voor straf voor Numitor gebracht. Wanneer Numitor Remus ziet, is hij "verbaasd over de buitengewone grootheid van het lichaam en de kracht van de jongeling, en aan zijn gezicht te zien hoe onverzettelijk en vitaal zijn psyche was ondanks de huidige omstandigheden, en te horen dat zijn werken en daden overeenkwamen met zijn uiterlijk, ... vroeg hij wie hij was en wat de omstandigheden van zijn geboorte waren." Geboorte verklaart latere daden en karakter. In het Evangelie van Marcus, waarvan de meeste schriftgeleerden denken dat het eerder was dan dat van Matteüs en Lucas, ontbreekt een geboorteverhaal. Het begint met Johannes de Doper en met Jezus als volwassene. Sommige christenen geloofden dat hun relatie met God afhing van hun initiatief en acceptabele prestaties, zodat God goedkeurend zou reageren. De laat tweede-eeuwse kerkvader Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.26, spreekt over ene Cerinthus (laat eerste eeuw) die geloofdeJezus werd niet uit een maagd geboren, maar was de zoon van Jozef en Maria volgens de gebruikelijke wijze van verwekking. Omdat hij rechtvaardiger, verstandiger en wijzer was dan andere mensen, daalde de Christus na zijn doop op hem neer in de gedaante van een duif. Daarna predikte hij de onbekende Vader en verrichtte wonderen.Het evangelie van Marcus, zonder een wonderbaarlijk geboorteverhaal, was vatbaar voor een dergelijke interpretatie van een verdienstelijke Jezus die door God wordt beloond. Als Jezus het model voor christenen is, dan moeten zij ook verdienstelijk zijn. Sinds Paulus was dit in ieder geval niet wat de reguliere christenen geloofden. De relatie met God was gebaseerd op Gods genadige initiatief waarop mensen in vertrouwen en gehoorzaamheid (d.w.z. geloof) reageerden. Als men geloofde dat de mogelijkheid van wonderbaarlijke conceptie of geboorte in het algemeen waar was, dan kon een werkelijk superieur persoon alleen verklaard worden door een goddelijke oorsprong. Verschillende voorbeelden maken dit duidelijk. Dionysius van Halicarnassus, in zijn verslag van de verkrachting van de maagd Ilia in het aan Mars gewijde bos, laat de verkrachter na de gebeurtenis tegen de maagd zeggen dat ze niet moest treuren omdat ze "uit haar verkrachting twee zonen zou baren wiens daden alle andere zouden overtreffen. Een goddelijke verwekking leidt tot superieure daden!Toen Matteüs en Lucas geboorteverhalen met een wonderbaarlijke ontvangenis toevoegden als onderdeel van hun herschrijving van Marcus, zeiden ze dat dit soort leven alleen voortgebracht kan worden door Gods voorafgaande genadige, scheppende daad. Als dat zo is voor Jezus, dan geldt dat ook voor zijn volgelingen. De traditie van wonderbaarlijke verwekkingen en geboorten wordt zo opnieuw gedefinieerd in de christelijk-joodse context. De Grieks-Romeinse overtuiging dat de superioriteit van een mens alleen verklaard kan worden door een goddelijke scheppingsdaad, wordt gebruikt om de vooringenomenheid van goddelijke genade in de goddelijk-menselijke relatie vast te stellen. Dit is wat een auditor uit de oudheid te horen zou hebben gekregen.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/koinonia-bijbelstudie-live--595091/support.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1205, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Ad Verbs And Taglines 1: MandM's: "The milk chocolate blank in your mouth, not in your hand". melts. 2: Apple, beginning in the 1990s:"blank different". Think. 3: Target:"blank more.Pay less.". Expect. 4: Instagram: "blank and share the world's moments". Capture. 5: Jantzen swimwear:"blank into life". dive. Round 2. Category: 7 Wonders Of The Ancient World 1: Made of bronze and honoring the sun god Helios, it stood about 100 feet high in the harbor of a Greek island. the Colossus of Rhodes. 2: To irrigate this ancient wonder, water from the Euphrates was pumped to the top of the hill. the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. 3: It was the earliest built of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World. the Great Pyramid. 4: Some sculptures from this marble tomb at Halicarnassus are in the British Museum in London. the Mausoleum. 5: A fire burned day and night at the top of this ancient wonder. the lighthouse at Alexandria. Round 3. Category: Rite 1: In Judaism, this rite of passage is celebrated around the time of a boy's 13th birthday. a bar mitzvah. 2: The Catholic rite for this sacrament begins with asking the parents what they name their child. baptism. 3: In this religion, a book of the dead called the "Bardo Thodol" is read to the dying to help them prepare for a favorable rebirth. Buddhism. 4: Casting 7 stones at each of the 3 pillars of Mina is a rite enacted during the pilgrimage with this name. hajj. 5: This rite is a solo vigil by a Plains Indian boy to seek spiritual power and knowledge through an apparition. a vision quest (or spirit quest). Round 4. Category: All You Need Is L-O-V-E. With L-O-V-E in quotation marks 1: A company called "London" this "tours" provides "a whirlwind tour of the history of the British public toilet". loo. 2: Bert Lahr, who played the Cowardly Lion in "The Wizard of Oz", was fittingly born under this zodiac sign symbolized by a lion. a Leo. 3: Led Zeppelin warned that this type of wall is "going to break", while Don McLean lamented that it was dry. a levee. 4: This Swedish automaker's museum features a full-sized XC90 SUV made from Legos. Volvo. 5: As Charles Darwin could tell you, to do this is to gradually change or develop over time. evolve. Round 5. Category: Differs By A Vowel 1: The pair found in the name of a large Scottish estuary that connects with the North Sea. the Firth of Forth. 2: A large, graceful tree and what a pig does in the mud to cool itself. wallow and willow. 3: A place to sit anda group of grapes. bench and bunch. 4: A mixture for making good old-fashioned pancakes and one of the ingredients. batter and butter. 5: A large British home in the country and a college student's secondary declared discipline. minor and manor. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

This week Dave and Jeff welcome back into the studio (this guy's becoming a regular!) our longtime friend, mentor, former colleague, and teacher, the inestimable Ken Bratt. You may know him from such episodes as "From there We Travelled to Philippi" (46), and, "A Visit to the Roman Catacombs" (76). For this go 'round, Ken reaches back into the more distant, misty past, as he talks a little about why he chose Herodotus for his doctoral dissertation at Princeton. Using a 1968 article by J.A.S. Evans entitled, "Father of History or Father of Lies: The Reputation of Herodotus", Ken leads us through questions of Herodotus' purpose, methods, theism, charm, and style. Was the man of Halicarnassus a mere credulous stooge, or is there something deeper going on? Does he really deserve such negative comparisons to Thucydides? And what about the urination practices of Egyptians? Tune in for this and more.

In this episode we tackle the years 413 and 412 BCE. These years come hard on the back of the murder of the patrician Postumius. Rome is facing challenges that seem to be bound up in the spolia in times of war and the broader annalist focus on the idea of the Struggle of the Orders which has been the defining feature of the early republic in Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. To catch up on the unfortunate fate of Postumius, check out Episode 142 - A Wrongheaded Man. Episode 143 - Special Victims Unit Onwards and Upwards? Murder is not something to be overlooked lightly, especially when the victim is a Roman patrician. It might be time for an investigation! And not just any investigation, but a special taskforce is assembled to consider all the evidence and follow the clues wherever they lead. Livy mentions this group as a quaestio perpetua, but there's good reason to be suspicious of this classification for the investigators. Strong evidence for the quaestio perpetua doesn't emerge until the second century BCE over 250 years on from 413 BCE! Agrarian Reform Will Rome find a way to reform its practices around conquered land? This topic comes back to the fore as we have the name for a of the tribunes of plebs. Roman conquest of new lands also brings this thorny subject back into the public discourse. How historical could the issue be at this point in the early republic? And will the patricians finally offer the plebeians something on this matter? Time will tell! Issues with the Volscians Rome's perennial tousle with their neighbours, the Volscii, continues in 413 BCE. The Hernicians seek Rome's aid against the Volscian forces and Rome is happy to oblige. The city of Ferentinum comes to our attention through this situation. We learn about the location of Ferentinum as likely corresponding with modern Ferentino, which is to the southeast of Rome, and likely part of the territory of the Hernicians at this time. What happens next to the city of Ferentinum? Tune in to find out! Is that Ferentinum way down to the southeast of Rome in the territory of the Hernicii? It surely is! Source: https://www.heritage-history.com/ The Return of the Icilii Perhaps Rome's most famous plebeians gens at this point in early republican history is the Icilii. And in 412 BCE, we see another member of the Icilii gens come into the role of tribune of the plebs. Famously, the Icilii are connected with the Lex Icilia de Aventino Publicando which our annalist tradition places as early as 456 BCE. Looking to brush up on this? Check out our Episode 104 - Aventine, Aventine. Another Icilius is also connected with the second decemvirate on account of being engaged to Verginia. To revisit Verginia's tale, see Episode 114 - The Tale of Verginia. Things to Listen Out For Ancient sources? What sources? Leniency for those found guilty Land redistribution in Bolae? Does Rome even have ager publicus to redistribute??? Volero returns!? The introduction of later sources Florus and Zonaras The Latin League Is Rome entering an expansionist phase? A history of the Icilius gens Pestilence! The Hernician Federation Our Players 413 BCE Consuls Aulus (or Marcus) Cornelius - f. - n. Cossus (Pat.) Lucius Furius (L. f. Sp. n.?) Medullinus (Pat.) Interrex Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (Pat.) Our Players 412 BCE Consuls Quintus Fabius - f. - n. Ambustus Vibulanus (Pat.) Gaius Furius - f. - n. Pacilus (Pat.) Tribune of the Plebs Lucius Icilius Our Sources Dr Rad reads Livy 4.51.1-4.52.1 Dr G reads Diodorus 13.43.1, 14.54.1; Florus 1.17.1-2; Zonarus 7.20 Broughton, T. R. S., Patterson, M. L. 1951. The Magistrates of the Roman Republic Volume 1: 509 B.C. – 100 B.C. (The American Philological Association) Cornell, T. J. 1995. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC) (Taylor & Francis) Ogilvie,

Jesus is the cornerstone in the eternal temple of the living God. The sinful men who despise and reject this stone are doomed to be destroyed. - SERMON TRANSCRIPT - "The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.” The Lord has done this and it is marvelous in our eyes. Today's text, if you look at it in a certain way, is effectively the story of two builders and their differing perspectives on building. Their differences, immeasurably deep and profound, though it manifests itself in a simple controversy over proper building materials or a proper building material, a single stone that one builder hates and rejects, but the other builder delights in, chooses, and establishes. The two builders in this scenario are sinful man on the one side and Almighty God on the other. Their philosophies of architecture are radically opposed to each other. Sinful man builds a building and so does God. Sinful man builds for his own glory and God builds for His own glory. The building projects go on day after day. Both sinful man and Almighty God add daily to their buildings and their architectural glories are in direct contradiction to each other. One of those buildings will sink back down into the dust from which it came and the wind will blow it away like chaff as though it was never there at all. But the other building will shine, will radiate with the glory of God for all eternity. Almighty God in his wisdom has chosen to make his only begotten son, Jesus Christ, despised and rejected, the head of the corner or the chief cornerstone of his entire building project. Day after day, this building rises, built out of other living stones, quarried and shaped to fit the cornerstone. "Almighty God in his wisdom has chosen to make his only begotten son, Jesus Christ, despised and rejected, the head of the corner or the chief cornerstone of his entire building project." When the last living stone is set in its proper place according to the plans of the eternal architect, the chosen stone will also be in some mysterious way, the capstone, the completing stone, as it was also the cornerstone. Every stone in it will glow with his glory. Sinful man having despised and rejected this stone builds every day for his own glory by his own principles, with his own building materials, his thoughts, his preferences, his achievements, his choices, his tastes, his lusts, his styles, his drives, his ambitions, and so the building of sinful man rises. It's outwardly impressive, in some sense, but it is ultimately doomed for it is built on the temporary sand of sinful man's own rebellious wisdom, and the storm will come and it will beat on it and it will fall with a great crash. Habakkuk 2 describes these two building projects in direct contradiction to each other and Habakkuk 2:11-14 says, "The stones of the wall will cry out and the beams of the woodwork will echo it. Woe to him who builds a city with bloodshed and establishes a town by crime. Has not the Lord Almighty determined that the people's labor is only fuel for the fire that the nation's exhaust themselves for nothing?" As the nations are building their empires out of their own effort, God says they're exhausting themselves for nothing. It's only fuel for the fire, for the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea. That's God's building project. So we have two builders, two approaches to architecture. One destined to stand in glory forever, the other doomed to be destroyed, blown away like chaff in the wind. Now, the question for every individual member of the human race is this, which of these two buildings are you investing your life in? What are you building? I've seen some magnificent buildings in my life. I've had the privilege of traveling various places and seen some stunning displays of human ingenuity and architecture. Architecture is an interesting discipline, a fascinating discipline, a combination of science and art. Science because the building needs to be sound in its construction principles, needs to be built well on a solid foundation, needs to rise by tried and true technologies of engineering with structural members on which everything else is based so that it will stand strong supporting its own weight, surviving wind and weather, erosion and earthquakes, and years of subjection to sunlight and water. It must have wise provision for heat and venting and air conditioning, also plumbing and electricity now and walls and doorways that meet building codes. It needs to be soundly built, but it also needs to be beautiful, I think. I've seen some really ugly buildings that stood behind the Iron Curtain. It seemed like they were designed to suck the life out of anyone that looked at them. Talk about form and function, it was nothing but function and ugly in form. It was intended to be so. You want there to be an art to the architecture, light, color, a space that captures the heart while it supports the body physically. Every great culture has expressed its greatness, at least in part, through its architecture, its great buildings. Five of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were displays of architecture. The Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. They all sought to proclaim the greatness of the cultures that built them, but since all flesh is grass and all its glory is like the flowers of the field, the glories are here today, God blows on them and they wither and the wind blows them away like chaff. God has determined that the glories of man, including the stacking up of stones one on top of the other, will eventually be toppled and sink back down, as Jesus said of the temple, "Not one stone here will be left on another." For me, personally, what are the most impressive buildings I've ever seen? Oh, of course, this one here that we're in, definitely. Well, what are my seven wonders of the modern world? It's objective, of course. I was speaking at a pastor's conference in Chicago last year and they took me on a river tour of the skyline of Chicago, and it was very impressive. Lots of steel and glass and crown jewels, building formerly known as Sears Tower, they still call it Sears Tower though Sears sold it a long time ago. It's impressive, shiny and beautiful. I've seen the Great Wall of China, Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the United States Capitol Building, Washington D.C., London Bridge, the Louvre Art Museum, the Eiffel Tower. Those are impressive. Four years ago, April 15th, 2019, I was saddened to hear the fire that attacked the cathedral at Notre Dame. I was sad about that. I know that they're refurbishing it, but it's not the same when it gets rebuilt, but it's a reminder to me, again, everything man builds is temporary. The text that we're studying today points, along with other passages, to a work of spiritual architecture that will never be destroyed. This morning, we're going to look at one small passage, but I'm going to use it as a portal, a doorway to go through into something much bigger, and I want to use it to meditate in an extended fashion with you on the greatness of Jesus Christ. That's what I'm about today. "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone. The Lord has done this and it is marvelous in our eyes." It is one of the most significant Old Testament prophecies about Christ. It's cited by Jesus here in this debate with his enemies. It's cited again by Peter and John in Acts 4 in their controversy with the exact same men, the exact same enemies as they boldly proclaim the Gospel. It's cited again by Peter in his epistle in 1 Peter 2. And as a matter of fact, I would urge you to turn there. Put your finger here on Mark and turn also to 1 Peter 2 because we're going to be leaning on it to get some of our information today. This passage, "the stone the builders rejected, et cetera", is a magnificent image of a building rising from its perfect beginning, from its perfect foundation, to its perfect consummation, the true temple of God in which God will dwell with his people in glory forever. It is eternal and heavenly architecture, the foundation laid by Christ's perfect life and substitutionary death. The wall's made up of living stones, that's us Christians quarried from Satan's dark kingdom, and positioned in walls of a rising spiritual structure, a true spiritual temple in which God dwells and will dwell by his spirit. Ephesians 2 talks about this, I know you're in 1 Peter 2 and I'll get to that in a moment, but Ephesians 2:19-22 says, "You are no longer foreigners and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with God's people and members of God's household built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone. In him, the whole building is joined together and rises to become a dwelling, to become a holy temple in the Lord, and in him, you two are being built together to become a dwelling in which God lives by his spirit.” So you've got this holy spiritual temple rising, rising now, and it's a place that God dwells and will dwell by his spirit. Again, in the passage in 1 Peter 2:4-5, the same illusion, "As you come to him, the living stone rejected by men but chosen by God and precious to him. You also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.” This is the true and eternal architecture, the eternal temple of the living God, which is rising right now by souls that are being won to Christ through evangelism and missions all over the world. Rising now, though we cannot see it, it's built on the foundation laid by Jesus Christ, but it all starts with him as that first stone, the cornerstone, the foundation of everything. I. Context of the Story The context of this statement in Mark's Gospel, it was the final week of Jesus' life. He has already ridden in triumph into the city to cries of "Hosanna!" and "Blessed is the coming kingdom of our Father, David," and all that. That was the high point emotionally. From then on would come Jesus' final descent down to the cross, his humiliation, the consummation of that infinite downward journey of his humiliation described in Philippians 2, “Jesus, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant being made in human likeness and being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself and became obedient to death, even death on a cross.” That downward journey is on display in the final week of Jesus' life and that's where we're at in Mark's Gospel. Central to this downward journey was his increasingly sharp conflict with his human enemies, the chief priests, elders, teachers of the law, the Pharisees. His human enemies are surrounding him. He had already made a mortal enemy of the high priest, the real high priest, Annas, whose business He impinged on twice by cleansing the temple, when He overturned the benches of the money changers and those selling doves and says, "Take these out of here. How dare you turn my father's house into a marketplace? My house will be called a house of prayer for all nations. You've made it a den of thieves." The next day, Jesus continued his teaching ministry right in that location in the temple, taking it over, teaching, healing, ministering. His enemies come back, the priests and Scribes and Pharisees come to challenge him with controversial questions trying to trap him into a fatal error with his mouth. They challenged him with the question of his authority. What authority did He have the right to do these things? By what authority? Cleansing of the temple, his teaching of the people, all of that, "Who are you to do these things?" Jesus challenged them back with a question about John the Baptist's authority. Where did he get his authority to do his baptism? Where did that come from? "You answer me, then I'll answer you." They wouldn't answer him so He didn't answer them. Then He told them, as we studied last week, the Parable of the Tenant Farmers, the wicked tenant farmers, how God expected fruit, and represents, I think, Israel, the people of God. It represents them and He sent messengers, prophets to them, and they just killed them, et cetera. Ultimately, he sent his son. "They'll respect my son," he said. But when they saw the son, they said, "Look, this is the heir. Let's kill him, and the inheritance will be ours,” meaning the vineyard. So they took him and killed him and threw him out of the vineyard. Jesus interpreted the parable in light of their imminent rejection and murder of the son of God, himself. He finished with the allusion to this Old Testament prophecy, "Have you never read in the scripture the stone the builders rejected has become the capstone. The Lord has done this and it is marvelous in our eyes." So that's where we're at in Mark's Gospel, and that's what we're going to consider today. This one prophecy is so rich I believe it's worthy of our entire attention this morning. It's a direct quotation of Psalm 118 : 22-23, and I desire to unfold it. This is my simple interpretation. The stone is Jesus Christ. The builders are the Jewish leaders. The rejection of Christ shows that they're directly opposing God in their rejection, for the stone that they reject, God makes the chief cornerstone or the head of the corner, a chosen, strategically placed stone. The text says, "The Lord has done this." So the Jewish leaders’ rejection of Jesus is directly in contradiction to God's intentions, God's estimation, God's selection of him to be the head of the corner. The psalmist says, "The Lord has done this and it is marvelous in our eyes." Therefore, it is worthy of worship, it is worthy of us marveling over it, and that's what I think we've assembled to do this morning, is to marvel at Jesus. I'm using this one concept, the stone the village rejected as a portal through which to contemplate some of the marvels of Jesus Christ. It's mysterious. How is Jesus like a stone? What does that mean? What does the head of the corner mean? In Hebrew, what does that mean? How is this placement of Jesus celebrated in the Bible? All of these questions and others came into my ever questioning mind, my engineering mind, my verbal mind. I won't deny that it wasn't accidental that I ended up with a bunch of Ps in the outline. If you look at the outline, all right, you'll see the list of where we haven't even begun to start yet this morning. There you've got all of these P’s: a predestined stone, a prophesied stone, a perfect and perfected stone, a rejected stone, there's no P for that one, a precious stone, a position stone, a permanent stone, proclaimed, pattern, praise, and I thought of one more, paradoxical. We'll get to that in due time. But I feel okay with it because in Psalm 119, the psalmist does it with the success of letters of the Hebrew alphabet, eight verses on “aleph”, eight verses on “beth”, eight verses on “gimel”. I don't usually do it. I know it seems a little gimmicky. The other day, I was with a good friend at one of my favorite restaurant coffee shops around here, and the servers brought us a tray with a bunch of samples on it of a new product that they were rolling out. I took it and popped it in my mouth, it was delicious and that was it. That's what this sermon's going to be like, a sampler. So let's walk through. II. A Predestined Stone First, Jesus is a predestined stone, predestined. God planned this whole thing from eternity past. The blueprint was laid in the mind of God before He said, "Let there be light.” This is no new thing for God. God is the architect that made the blueprint. He figured all of this out. He knew that He wanted a spiritual temple in which He would dwell forever with his people in intimate connection with them. He knew that his people would be essential to that dwelling place. They would make it up in effect as themselves living stones. He figured all of this out, that his only begotten son would be the head of the corner or the chief cornerstone, et cetera. Peter tells us he was predestined for this role. Look at verse 4 of 1 Peter 2, "As you come to him, the living stone rejected by men but chosen by God." That's implied in the Psalm 118 quote, the Lord has done this. This is God's plan, God's purpose. Also, two verses later in 1 Peter 2:6, “For in scripture it says, ‘Behold I lay a stone in Zion, a chosen and precious cornerstone.’" So He is chosen for this role. These verses tell us that Jesus was chosen for the role but doesn't say when. But Peter tells us that in the previous chapter, 1 Peter 1:20, that “He was chosen before the creation of the world."You look at it right there in First Peter 1:20, "chosen before the creation of the world, but was revealed in these last times for your sake.” That's what I mean by predestined. All of this is consistent with the biblical doctrine of predestination. Ephesians 1:4-5 says, “God chose us in him before the creation of the world, [him being Christ], to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love, he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ in accordance with his pleasure and will.” Also, Second Timothy 1:9 says, "This grace was given us in Christ Jesus before the beginning of time.” Before the beginning of time, this whole thing was worked out. He is the predestined stone, predestined cornerstone, part of a blueprint that God worked out in his mind before time began. III. The Prophesied Stone Secondly, he's the prophesied stone. Not only did God choose and predestine and work all this out in his mind, He rolled out his ideas of it ahead of time through the prophets. He told the prophets what would happen and the prophets proclaimed it to the world. They prophesied it, they predicted it. So we get Psalm 118, verse 22-23, "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone. The Lord has done this and is marvelous in our eyes." Jesus quoted it. Jesus thought, “Have you never read like in your synagogues on the Sabbath? Haven't you read this Psalm, Psalm 118? Of course, you have." Who wrote Psalm 118? It's not titled. If you look at it, it's not titled, but, traditionally, logically, in the psalter, in its position in the psalter, it's ascribed to King David. That would've been 1,000 years before Christ, 1,000 years. "The stone the builders rejected, it has become the capstone." David was prophesying. He's a prophet as he wrote the psalm. God prophesied these things about Christ ahead of time so that his chosen people could read the prophecies that predated him by 1,000 and know it was all true. It's a sense it is validation of our faith. He's the prophesied stone. IV. A Perfect and Perfected Stone He's also a perfect and perfected stone, perfect and also perfected. What does that mean? First of all, He's already perfect, flawless, morally pure, but that perfection was not formed or fashioned by man. He is flawless. 1 Peter 2, same chapter verse 22 says, "He committed no sin and there was no deceit in his mouth.” He was a perfect man. Jesus' perfection was not the work of other people. It certainly wasn't the work of Joseph and Mary. They were really great parents and did a really great job raising him, but no, not at all. They were godly people, but his perfection was not because of their great parenting. There is a picture of this, if you know what to look for. As a requirement, the stones used for the altar and for the building of the temple were not to be formed or fashioned by chisel and hammer on the work site. It's very interesting. Exodus 20:25, "If you make an altar of stones for me, do not build it with dress stones for you'll defile it if you use a tool on it." 1 Kings 6:7, Solomon's Temple, "In building the temple, only blocks dressed at the quarry were used and no hammer, chisel, or any other iron tool was heard at the temple site while it was being built." Why this little detail? Because Christ was not formed or fashioned by human ingenuity or power. It's a picture of the work of God in the perfection of Christ. We also have this in Daniel 2 with the image of human history of the statue in Nebuchadnezzar's mind that had feet of clay. The whole thing is destroyed by a stone, we're told, cut out but not by human hands that struck the statue on its feet of clay and destroyed it and turned the whole thing to chaff. Hence, my earlier comments as I introduced this sermon saying, everything man built will turn into chaff and the wind's going to blow it away without leaving a trace. But the stone that struck it became a huge mountain that filled the whole earth representing the kingdom of Christ, and it's called "a stone cut out but not by human hands." His perfection was his own and yet He was perfected by his sufferings, we're told. The author of Hebrew tells us, Hebrews 5:8-9, "Although he was a son, he learned obedience from what he suffered and once made perfect became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him." Wow, what a mysterious assertion. Jesus was made perfect by his sufferings to be our mediator, our savior. As I meditate on that, it doesn't mean there was any imperfection in Jesus, but He had to go through the suffering and death on the cross to save us. So I would look at “made perfect” as “qualified by his sufferings." By his suffering He was qualified to save us. By the shedding of his blood, He was made a perfect savior, a mediator for us. That's what I think of as “made perfect.” He was fitted to be the foundation stone by his suffering and death. Therefore, the stone the builders rejected, their rejection of him was essential to him being made perfect to be our savior. So Jesus was both perfect and perfected stone. V. A Rejected Stone He is also a rejected stone, as I just said a moment ago. There is no P for this. Therefore, it really sticks out, doesn't it? How could such a man be rejected? Stunning. But, actually, most people that know and hear about Jesus reject him. It's actually normal, but it's still bizarre. "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone." The Jewish nation officially rejected Jesus. "Led by these builders, he was despised and rejected," it says in Isaiah 53. John 1:11, "He came to his own and his own did not receive him." Officially, on his trial before the high priest, Matthew 26:65-67, "The high priest tore his clothes and said, 'He has spoken blasphemy. Why do we need any more witnesses? Look, now you've heard the blasphemy. What do you think?' 'He's worthy of death,' they all answered. Then they spit in his face and struck him with their fists.” That's them rejecting Jesus, officially rejecting him. How astounding that He would be rejected. This speaks to the perversion of the sinful mind. Jesus was God incarnate. He was love incarnate. He was kindness incarnate, goodness incarnate, mercy incarnate. He did a river of healings for the people. Why did they hate him? The sinful mind steeped in darkness hated him, rejected him. The sinful mind is twisted and perverted by sin and evil. It loves what is hateful and hates what is lovely. It puts darkness for light and light for darkness. It puts bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter. It calls wickedness righteousness and righteousness wickedness. It is fundamental. It is essential to sin, this rejection of goodness, this rejection of God. It's at the core of our wickedness. We are commanded to love God with all of our heart, with all of our soul, with all of our mind, all of our strength, and we actually hate him with all of our heart, soul, mind, and strength until we are converted, steeped in sin. Jesus was the rejected stone. VI. The Precious Stone But Jesus is the precious stone. Rejected by men, but precious. Chosen by God and precious to him, we're told. The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone. The Lord has done this and is marvelous in our eyes. Look at 1 Peter 2:4, "As you come to him, the living stone rejected by men but chosen by God and precious to him." What does that mean, “precious"? Precious means “unspeakably valuable.” How can you properly measure the worth and value of Jesus Christ? One way to get at it is Romans 8:32. So you know, God the Father, ”He who did not spare his own son but gave him up for us all, how will we not also, along with him, graciously give us all things?” That puts everything that God had to give in two categories, his own son and all things. That would be everything other than Jesus. The entire universe, physical and spiritual, lays before him because He made it all, He owns it all, and He says, "Of these, what's really precious to me is my only begotten son and I gave him for you. Therefore, how would I not also, along with him, graciously give you everything else?" That means, in God's estimation, Jesus is more precious than everything else in the universe. "That means, in God's estimation, Jesus is more precious than everything else in the universe." And isn't it amazing that now He's precious to us too? Look at 1 Peter 2:7, "Now, to you who believe the stone is precious." How beautiful is that, “precious to God”, in verse 4, 1 Peter 2, precious to us who believe. How did that happen? Is it not because of the work of the Holy Spirit in our lives? Do you not give credit to the Holy Spirit for making Jesus precious to you? How many of you could testify right now that Jesus is precious to you? How many of you be willing to say, be able to say, "Jesus is precious to me,” ? You might've been converted a week ago and you would be able to say, "Jesus is precious to me." You might've been a Christian for 50 years and you'd be able to say, "Jesus is precious to me." Those would say, "Jesus is more precious to me now than when I was first converted." The more I study him, the more precious He becomes to me, and the more you study his preciousness, his value, his worth, the more you feel you've just begun to scratch the surface. Give him the credit and the glory. Thank him for your salvation. You are surrounded every day by people who are familiar with Jesus, who know some things about him, and He's not precious. They're rejecting him. But not you. How did that come about, dear brother and sister? Is it not because the Holy Spirit sovereignly worked grace in your life? Is it not because He took out your heart of stone and gave you a heart of flesh and made Jesus precious to you? What does that word mean, “precious”? Charles Spurgeon, meditating on this, said, "Something is precious because it's rare, and because it has intrinsic value to it, and because of its beneficial qualities.” Jesus is rare. He is utterly unique in the universe. He is the only begotten son of God. We're all adopted children of God. He's the only begotten. He's unique. He's the God-man. He has intrinsic value because in him dwells the fullness of the deity in bodily form. And one of his beneficial qualities, Spurgeon put it this way, "He is eyes to the blind. He is ears to the deaf. He is feet for the lame. He is healing to the sick. He is freedom to the slave. He is joy to the mourner. He is life to the dead. Think of his life and how it gives life to the believer. Think of his death and how it redeems from hell all those who trust in him. Think of his resurrection and how it justifies believers. Think of his second coming and how it delights our hearts. Think of our Lord in all of his offices of prophet, priest, and king. Think of him in all his relationships as husband, brother, and friend. Is he not precious to you?” VII. A Positioned Stone He is also a positioned stone. He is positioned by God as the foundation to the entire building. Everything's based on him. Cornerstones are laid first. Everything else finds its orientation based on the cornerstone. The angles must be perfect. Let's imagine that the architect wants a 90 degree angle. If it's 89 or if it's 91 and you measure out over 200 feet, you're going to be off by three feet or more. It's got to be just right. It's a cornerstone. Everything is based on him. He's positioned as the foundation. As Paul said in 1 Corinthians 3:11, "No one can lay any foundation other than the one already laid, which is Jesus Christ." Everything's based on him, his death, his resurrection. VIII. A Permanent Stone Therefore, He's a permanent stone. He's laid for all eternity, He cannot be moved. Stones have immense weight and compressive strength. You can stack stone upon stone upon stone and make a big building. There's that sense of permanence with Jesus. He is positioned permanently, and He is more permanent than the universe itself. It's hard to believe, but it is really true. Hebrews 1:10-12 says, "In the beginning, oh Lord, you laid the foundations of the earth and the heavens of the work of your hand. They will perish, but you remain. They all wear out like a garment. You'll roll them up like a robe. Like a garment, they will be changed, but you remain the same and your years will never end." Speaking to Jesus, He's more permanent than the universe. The finished work of Christ on the cross cannot be undone. He is permanent foundation for the eternal dwelling place of God. "Heaven and earth," Jesus said, "will pass away, but my words will never pass away." Therefore, also, everyone who builds his or her life based on the words and work of Christ, it will last for eternity, the things you are building. At the end of the Sermon of the Mount, Jesus says, "Therefore, everyone who hears these words of mine and puts the into practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. Rains came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house, but it did not fall because it had its foundation on the rock." Your work will be permanent too if it's based on Christ and on his words. "But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man who built his house on the sand, and the rains came down and the streams rose and the winds blew and beat against that house and it fell with a great crash.” [Matthew7:24-27] That's somebody who does not obey the word and builds on sand. IX. A Proclaimed Stone Jesus is also a proclaimed stone. I'm doing it right now. I'm proclaiming the greatness of Christ. I'm preaching him. He is proclaimed throughout the world, proclaimed in scripture, and He's proclaimed by preachers who go and proclaim the greatness of Christ, and in that proclamation, people hear and believe and are saved. 1 Peter 2:6 says, "Behold I lay a stone in Zion, a chosen and precious cornerstone, and the one who trusts in him will never be put to shame." So as this proclamation is going out around the world, people are hearing and trusting and they are built on that foundation. Peter and John give a very good example of this in Acts 4. It's one of my favorite parts of the Book of Acts. They heal a lame beggar. He's walking and leaping and praising God and all that, and they come and arrest Peter and John and haul them up in front of the exact same human enemies that had condemned Jesus. Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, spoke to these wicked enemies of Jesus these words, "Rulers and elders of the people, if we are being called to account today for an act of kindness shown to a cripple and are asked how he was healed, then know this, you and all the people of Israel, it is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed." Now listen to this. It's my favorite part, "He is the stone you builders rejected which has become the capstone. Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved." [Acts 4:7-12] Do you see what Peter did to the quote? He changed it a little bit. I've been reading it out of Psalm 118, "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone." Peter said, "The stone you builders rejected..." in case you missed it, filled with the Holy Spirit, he applied it to Jesus's enemies. But he's saying, "Salvation is found in no one else and that's how we get saved. That's how our sins are forgiven, by the proclamation of this cornerstone." X. A Pattern Stone He is also a pattern stone. Jesus is the first of a vast sequence of similar stones. Look at 1 Peter 2:4-7, "As you come to him, the living stone rejected by men but chosen by God and precious to him, you also like living stones are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. For in scripture it says, 'Behold I lay a stone in Zion, a chosen and precious cornerstone, and the one who trust in him will never be put to shame now to you who believe the stone is precious.’" So, by believing Jesus becomes precious, you become instantly like him, a living stone. XI. A Paradoxical Stone Now I'm going to insert another P in here, and that is a paradoxical stone. What does that mean? “Paradox” means, it's “internally mysteriously, contradictory”. By dying, we live. By living, we die. This kind of thing. Do you not see the paradox of a living stone? Think about it. Don't we use stones as an example of things that are dead, that are not alive? Dead as a stone or stone dead, something like that? But here Jesus is a living stone. I was on another bike ride and I was thinking about that phrase, living stone. How is a stone living? What does that mean? And I don't know for sure, but let me tell you some guesses. I think stones not just are pictures of deadness, but they're also pictures of permanence and unchanging nature. They just are what they are. If something's engraved in stone, it never changes. If something's rock solid, it has a solid foundation. It doesn't move. So I think it's a sense of Jesus's permanence and immutability, but tied to his life. He's eternally alive. As Romans says, "Since he died, he cannot die again. Death no longer has any mastery over him." He's alive forever. He is the same yesterday, today, and forever. What he was yesterday, he will be today and he will be forever. And you can count on him. He never changes. He's rock solid. You can build on him. He's alive and gives you life. The giving of life will keep on happening. He's a living stone. You also become like him, living stones. That's pretty cool too because you are positioned in a wall of the rising spiritual temple in which God will dwell forever. You're positioned there in a place, I believe, through predestination. You're the only one that could have been positioned there. That place was made for you. Imagine, not that anyone would ever do this, a 100,000 piece jigsaw puzzle. Imagine someone with the diligence and discipline to do a 100,000 piece jigsaw puzzle and there's one piece missing. Let's imagine it's a real type-A person. That person's not going to shrug and say, "Oh, well, we got most of it." What are they going to do, friends? They're going to search until they find that missing piece, aren't they, because that piece can't be replaced. It's got a certain contour, certain shape. It's got certain colors on it. It's the only one that can go there. Didn't Jesus tell a story about a woman who lost a coin and she looked everywhere and everywhere until she found that coin? So we also, like Jesus, are positioned in a certain place in the wall that only we could have filled and God will not rest until all of his chosen people, Ephesians 1 says "chosen in him before the foundation of the world", are positioned like him in our proper place in the wall. It's pretty awesome when you think about it. Now, with this, we have a bit of a translation problem. Is Jesus the cornerstone or the capstone? Have you ever wondered about that? Now, which is it? They are different. The one is the beginning stone and the other is the ending stone. One of them starts the whole thing and the other one finishes it or consummate it. The Hebrew is "head of the corner". KJV brings it over to “chief cornerstone”. He's the head of all the corner, that kind of thing. He's the chief. So people have wondered, are we talking the foundation, the cornerstone foundation stone, or the capstone the consummate? Why not both, friends? I'll tell you what, let's go both, because Jesus is the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end. He is the beginning of this whole structure, and He will end it. And every living stone in between is conformed to him in beautiful ways. In Revelation 3:12, it says of believers, "Him who overcomes, I'll make a pillar in the temple of my God. Never again will he leave it." You're going to be positioned and be radiant forever and you're going to glow. In Revelation 21, the holy city Jerusalem is coming down out of heaven from God. It's shown with the glory of God and its brilliance was like that of a very precious jewel, like a jasper, clear as crystal. Think about that, clear living stones. You're going to radiate with the glory of Christ. You're going to shine with his glory in that beautiful spiritual temple. XII. A Praise Stone Finally, a praise stone. That's all I've been doing in this sermon. That's the whole point of this sermon, this gimmicky-looking sermon with all of its Ps. I just wanted to praise Jesus. Doesn't it say right in the text, "The Lord has done this and it is," what? "marvelous in our eyes." Do you know you're going to get a chance for all eternity to celebrate how marvelous Jesus is, how marvelous this whole building project really was? It is marvelous. It's more marvelous than you think. We've only scratched the surface. I've given you a sampler sermon today. Each of the Ps you could delve into more, but Jesus is infinitely greater than any meditations you could ever do, and you're going to have heaven. If you repent and believe in Jesus and trust in him, you're going to have heaven forever to think about the greatness of Christ. Close with me in prayer. Father, we thank you for this one text, for its power. We thank you for the concept behind it, of this grand and glorious structure that is rising to become a dwelling in which God lives by his spirit. We thank you. We pray that you would take these meditations, however brief, however imperfect, and use them to fill us with glory. Help us to proclaim Christ to a lost and dying world. Help us to be filled with expectancy that we have so much more to learn about Jesus than we ever thought we did. Fill us with a sense of his greatness, of his preciousness. Thank you for saving us, Lord. I want to thank you for each of my brothers and sisters that are here for whom Jesus is precious. Thank you for working that in them. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Can you name all 7 Wonders of the World without looking up the answer? Did you know a new list was published in 2007 to replace the former sites and monuments? Tune in to another edition of The Layover to learn why, when, and which sites still exist from the original list that dates back more than 2,000 years.

HERODOTUS was born at Halicarnassus, on the southwest coast of Asia Minor, in the early part of the fifth century, B. C. Of his life we know almost nothing, except that he spent much of it traveling, to collect the material for his writings, and that he finally settled down at Thurii, in southern Italy, where his great work was composed. He died in 424 B. C.The subject of the history of Herodotus is the struggle between the Greeks and the barbarians, which he brings down to the battle of Mycale in 479 B. C. The work, as we have it, is divided into nine books, named after the nine Muses, but this division is probably due to the Alexandrine grammarians. His information he gathered mainly from oral sources, as he traveled through Asia Minor, down into Egypt, round the Black Sea, and into various parts of Greece and the neighboring countries. The chronological narrative halts from time to time to give opportunity for descriptions of the country, the people, and their customs and previous history; and the political account is constantly varied by rare tales and wonders.Among these descriptions of countries the most fascinating to the modern, as it was to the ancient, reader is his account of the marvels of the land of Egypt. From the priests at Memphis, Heliopolis, and the Egyptian Thebes he learned what he reports of the size of the country, the wonders of the Nile, the ceremonies of their religion, the sacredness of their animals. He tells also of the strange ways of the crocodile and of that marvelous bird, the Phoenix; of dress and funerals and embalming; of the eating of lotos and papyrus; of the pyramids and the great labyrinth; of their kings and queens and courtesans. - --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/librivox1/support

Herodotus, a Greek historian from Halicarnassus, wrote the Histories, a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars that modern historians and archeologists have largely validated.[1] The Roman orator Cicero called him “The Father of History.” Herodotus wrote, “It is better by noble boldness to run the risk of being subject to half the evils we anticipate than to remain in cowardly listlessness for fear of what might happen.” Visit us at First Cause. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/reveration/support

Jeopardy! recaps from the week of March 6th, 2023. We bring back our ongoing fight about air fryers, we commiserate about production problems and excessively obscure Jeopardy! clues, Emily relives her painful encounter with the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, and Kyle tells us everything we ever wanted to know about William of Orange. Find us on Facebook (Potent Podables) and Twitter (@potentpodables1). Check out our Patreon (patreon.com/potentpodables). Email us at potentpodablescast@gmail.com. Continue to support social justice movements in your community and our country. www.communityjusticeexchange.org https://www.gofundme.com/c/act/stop-aapi-hate www.rescue.org  www.therebelsproject.org www.abortionfunds.org

In 353 BCE, construction began on an elaborate structure meant to be the final resting place of Mausolus, a member of Persian royalty who ruled the small kingdom of Caria [Car-ia}. The immense temple-like tomb was built on a hill overlooking the city of Halicarnassus. While earthquakes would later destroy this grand monument in the 12th and 15th centuries, it earned the distinction of being considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and Mausolus's name endured as the eponym for the tombs we now refer to as mausoleums. In this episode of Southern Gothic, we discuss what exactly a mausoleum is, the different styles of these tombs, and-- of course-- the most infamously haunted! Help Southern Gothic grow by becoming a Patreon Supporter today! Connect with Southern Gothic Media: Join our New Facebook Group! Website: SouthernGothicMedia.com Merch Store: https://www.southerngothicmedia.com/merch Pinterest: @SouthernGothicMedia Facebook: @SouthernGothicMedia Instagram: @SouthernGothicMedia Twitter: @SoGoPodcast

In 353 BCE, construction began on an elaborate structure meant to be the final resting place of Mausolus, a member of Persian royalty who ruled the small kingdom of Caria [Car-ia}. The immense temple-like tomb was built on a hill overlooking the city of Halicarnassus. While earthquakes would later destroy this grand monument in the 12th and 15th centuries, it earned the distinction of being considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and Mausolus's name endured as the eponym for the tombs we now refer to as mausoleums. In this episode of Southern Gothic, we discuss what exactly a mausoleum is, the different styles of these tombs, and-- of course-- the most infamously haunted! Help Southern Gothic grow by becoming a Patreon Supporter today! Connect with Southern Gothic Media: Join our New Facebook Group! Website: SouthernGothicMedia.com Merch Store: https://www.southerngothicmedia.com/merch Pinterest: @SouthernGothicMedia Facebook: @SouthernGothicMedia Instagram: @SouthernGothicMedia Twitter: @SoGoPodcast

Artemisia I of Caria is one of the earliest recorded tits out women of history. She was the Queen of Halicarnassus hundreds of years before Cleopatra, and midway through the events of the Old Testament. She helped out Persian Emperor Xerxes I battle against the Greeks, and was so impressive Herodotus wrote about her (even though she was a woman).Help for Iran. Some organizations to consider donating to in support of the women of Iran:Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI)Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in IranAmnesty International United for Iran———Support Vulgar History on Patreon Get merch at http://vulgarhistory.store - use code TITSOUT for free U.S. shipping or TITSOUT10 for 10% off your orderReferences:WikipediaBritannica.comhttps://www.worldhistory.org/article/1492/women-in-ancient-persiahttps://www.worldhistory.org/article/927/women-in-ancient-greece/https://www.persianesquemagazine.com/4717/Vulgar History is an affiliate of Bookshop.org, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will come back to Vulgar History as a commission. Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the second of our series on the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, we leave the Pyramid at Giza and journey to Anatolia to see one of history's most elaborate vanity projects: the Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus. From there we'll go back to Egypt (who planned this trip??) for arguably the most practical and useful of all the seven wonders, The Pharos at Alexandria. Follow us on Twitter @HeretoHistoryAs always, thanks to our producer, Grant Weaver.Music credit Ancient Mystery Waltz, Kevin Macleod

Histories Vol. 1 by Herodotus of Halicarnassus audiobook. The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus is considered the first work of history in Western literature. Written about 440 BC, the Histories tell the story of the war between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states in the 5th century BC. Herodotus traveled extensively around the ancient world, conducting interviews and collecting stories for his book. The rise of the Persian Empire is chronicled, and the causes for the conflict with Greece. Herodotus treats the conflict as an ideological one, frequently contrasting the absolute power of the Persian king with the democratic government of the Greeks. 

Grab your coffee, or your martini - we're back (after a little break for the plague and technology breaking) to bring you a chat about the ladies we don't get to hear about in history class. Women in warfare. Joyce channels the 300 and talks about Artemisia of Halicarnassus, who still ended up having to look after kids. And Nikki talks about Nany of the Maroons, a Jamaican folk hero we should all know about. 

There are many ancient wonders that are still around today. The Tamil Bell is one of them. It is a large bell that was used to summon people. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are also still around. They are the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. ### - https://theplanetd.com/wonders-of-the-world/ - https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/tamil-bell-0016522 - https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/ancient-history/seven-wonders-of-the-ancient-world

Kevin Clark's Self-Portrait with Expletives won the Lena-Miles Wever Todd Poetry Series Book Competition. His first full-length collection, In the Evening of No Warning, earned a grant from the Academy of American Poets. In spring 2020, Kevin was selected for a two-year appointment as poet laureate of San Luis Obispo County, California. Recipient of two teaching awards, Clark has written a textbook on writing poetry, The Mind's Eye: A Guide to Writing Poetry. Clark lives with his wife, Amy Hewes, on California's central coast, where he continues to play hardball and city league softball. Stephen F. Austin University Press just published Kevin Clark's third full-length collection, The Consecrations. Find more at: https://kevinclarkpoetry.com/ As always, we'll also include live open lines for responses to our weekly prompt or any other poems you'd like to share. A Zoom link will be provided in the chat window during the show. For links to all the past episodes, visit: https://www.rattle.com/rattlecast/ This Week's Prompt: Write a poem about one of the seven wonders of the world: Great Pyramid of Giza, Colossus of Rhodes, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Lighthouse of Alexandria, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of Artemis. (This is the classic list; feel free to use an updated list that includes different wonders.) Next Week's Prompt: Write a haibun. The haiku's season is spring. The Rattlecast livestreams on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, then becomes an audio podcast. Find it on iTunes, Spotify, or anywhere else you get your podcasts.

Rome seems to be an impasse. Facing war on all fronts and with escalating crisis between the patricians and the plebeians the place of Rome in the Italian world is at the brink. It's 445 BCE and the republic is still young enough to fail. How will Rome face the chaos coming at them from outside while weakened from their own internal conflict? Tune in to find out!Secret MeetingsIn order to get Rome motivated for war, the internal problems need to be resolved first. What better time then for some of the more senior Romans (who also just happen to be patrician) to get together for a clandestine meeting… Some important decisions are reached but despite the secrecy of the meeting, it does not go unnoticed. Is Rome really more of an oligarchy than it likes to think it is?Canuleius' SpeechOn the other side of town, the tribune of the plebs, Gaius Canuelius, is getting fired up about the restrictive marriage laws that are part of the Twelve Tables. And boy does he have a speech to make about it! He digs deep into Rome's history right back to the kings to explain to the plebeians how their exclusion from marriage to patricians is offensive. He explores the way Rome is in a process of constant adaption and change with examples to support his case that excluding plebeians is insupportable.Military Tribunes with Consular PowerIn a time of great struggle innovation becomes a necessity. With Rome facing threats from just about every direction, the consuls won't be able to be everywhere they are needed commanding armies. Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus view the development of military tribunes with consular power as part of the patricians trying to placate the plebeians. But is there more to it than that? We delve into the background of the role, what it means for the structure of Roman governance, and compare the sources on the subject.Tune in forThe suggestion that the plebeians have the right to introduce lawsDastardly plans from the the patriciansSome weighty demands for the repel of the marriage ban and access to governing power for the plebeiansA shocking moment of patricians conceding to the plebeians!Our PlayersConsuls 445 BCEM. Genucius – f. – n. Augurinus – Pat.C. (or Agripp.) Curtius – f. – n. Philo (or Chilo) Pat.Notable PatriciansGaius Claudius, uncle of the infamous Appius ClaudiusTitus Quinctius L. f. L. n. Capitolinus BarbatusL. Valerius P. f. P. n. Potitus (Poplicola?) – Pat.M. Horatius M. f. L. (or P.) n. BarbatusTitus Genucius, the brother of the consul!Tribune of the PlebsC. CanuleiusC. Furnius SourcesDr G reads Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 11.55-60.Dr Rad reads Livy ab Urbe Condita 4.2-6.Broughton, T. R. S., Patterson, M. L. 1951. The Magistrates of the Roman Republic Volume 1: 509 B.C. – 100 B.C. (The American Philological Association)Cornell, T. J. 1995. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC) (Taylor & Francis)Forsythe, G. 2006. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War(University of California Press) For our full show notes and edited transcripts, head on over to https://partialhistorians.com/Support the showPatreonKo-FiRead our booksRex: The Seven Kings of RomeYour Cheeky Guide to the Roman Empire Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Kashiana Singh is a management professional by job classification and a work practitioner by personal preference. Kashiana's TEDx talk was dedicated to Work as Worship. Her poetry collection, Shelling Peanuts and Stringing Words presents her voice as a participant and an observer. Kashiana's latest full-length collection, Woman by the Door, is a knitted collage of poems rooted in lived experiences and saturated with the poet's varied sensibilities and influences. Her poems have been published on various platforms including Poets Reading the News, Visual Verse, Oddball Magazine, Rattle #73, and elsewhere. Kashiana lives in Chicago and carries her various geographical homes within her poetry. Find Kashiana's books and more at: https://kashiana.wordpress.com/ As always, we'll also include live open lines for responses to our weekly prompt or any other poems you'd like to share. A Zoom link will be provided in the chat window during the show. For links to all the past episodes, visit: https://www.rattle.com/rattlecast/ This Week's Prompt: Write a descort poem. A descort is defined by its lack of predictability; no line in the poem should resemble any other line in terms of length and meter, and no lines should rhyme. In other words, each line should be unique. Next Week's Prompt: Write a poem about one of the seven wonders of the world: Great Pyramid of Giza, Colossus of Rhodes, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Lighthouse of Alexandria, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of Artemis. (This is the classic list; feel free to use an updated list that includes different wonders.) The Rattlecast livestreams on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, then becomes an audio podcast. Find it on iTunes, Spotify, or anywhere else you get your podcasts. 0:00 Welcome 1:10 Tatiana Dolgushina, “When War Makes a Child” 11:10 Featured Guest: Kashiana Singh 1:12:02 Kim Stafford, "Five Poems for Ukraine" 1:24:38 Open Lines 1 1:34:45 Brian Beatty, "Winter Can Go Away" 1:37:35 Open Lines 2 1:55:35 Tim's & Megan's Prompt Poems 1:59:43 Open Lines 3 2:25:10 Sciku, Next Week's Prompt & Guest

The 7 wonders of the ancient world (that's the Colossus of Rhodes, the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Statue of Zeus, the Temple of Artemis, and the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus) have long been a source of inspiration and fascination for us. In this episode, we present our vision for 7 similarly impressive feats of art and engineering that we imagine might characterize a Solacene future. Buy the zines, sign up for field notes, or contact the hosts: www.solacene.org

This week we are going back to witness the birth of history as a written discipline. Our guide on this long journey into the ancient world has spent his life studying and teaching Greek language and culture, but it was when he retired from academia that Professor Roderick Beaton found the time to write the book he had been dreaming about since he first visited Greece as a teenager. The Greeks, A Global History is a masterful, sweeping journey through 3500 years of history that tells the stories of Greek people, their language and their culture. In this episode, Roderick takes us back to the year 447BCE and the moment when Herodotus of Halicarnassus, newly arrived in Athens, sat down and began to write his Histories and in doing so, laid the foundations of the discipline of History itself. As ever, much, much more about this episode is to be found at our website tttpodcast.com. Click here to order Roderick Beaton's The Greeks: A Global History from John Sandoe's who, we are delighted to say, are supplying books for the podcast. Show Notes Scene One: Herodotus of Halicarnassus arrives in Athens and begins writing his monumental Histories. Scene Two: Pericles, the many-times elected statesman of the Athenian democracy, persuades his fellow-citizens to embark on a huge and controversial building programme on the Acropolis of Athens. Scene Three: Outside the small town of Coronea, an Athenian expeditionary force is defeated by the city's neighbours, the Boeotians. The defeat marks the beginning of division of the ancient Greek world into blocs led by Athens and Sparta, and is the harbinger of the Peloponnesian War in which the Greek city-states fought themselves to exhaustion and stalemate. Memento: One of the rolled scrolls on which Herodotus wrote his Histories. People/Social Presenter: Violet Moller Guest: Roderick Beaton Production: Maria Nolan Podcast partner: Unseen Histories Follow us on Twitter: @tttpodcast_ Or on Facebook See where 447 BCE fits on our Timeline 

So recently one of my works got Award for Best soundtrack at Halicarnassus film festival, Turkey. Apparently, that award was stolen so this story is about how I got my award back

The New Testament begins after 400 years of silence. It would have been a time when the church was asking: Where is God? It also begins during a historically significant time in Roman history. Rome had been entrenched in centuries of warfare and imperial expansion until Caesar Augustus ushered in 200 years of peace, known as the Pax Romana. The people were asking: Who needs God? In light of history, we are insignificant and powerless, yet we remain full of self-sufficient pride. God orchestrates history to fulfill his redemptive purpose through a humble Messiah. Pray and Read Luke 2:1-7. Luke seems to have collected the material for these opening chapters through long conversations with Mary. It is revealing what he shares about history's most significant birth. A Sovereign Messiah (1-3) “All the world” (1) refers to Roman occupied territory. This reflects the proud hyperbole of Rome. Octavian became the sole ruler of Rome and transitioned the republic into an empire. The Roman Senate voted to name him “Augustus”, which means “eminent”, “majestic”, even “holy” or “revered”. After the death of Julius Caesar, Augustus referred to his adoptive father as divine, thus labeling himself as “son of god” and an inscription at Halicarnassus refers to him as the “savior of the whole world.” Imperial worship was ramping up and quickly becoming the accepted religion, which, later on, posed grave challenges for the early church. Verse 2 presents a historical problem. This census most likely took place between 6-4 BC, but Josephus dates Quirinius' governorship of Syria in 6/7 AD. How do we account for the difference of 10-13 years? A few solutions have been proposed. The ESV Footnote suggests “when” could be translated as “before”. However, this does not have good grammatical support. Another option is that the census was merely a local one that effected the inhabitants of Israel, but was part of a large-scale and long-lasting attempt to gather statistics for taxation purposes. Josephus' dating could be wrong. I trust an inspired Luke over an uninspired historian (who, incidentally, made other recorded mistakes). There really is not a simple or obvious explanation for the discrepancy. Maybe some additional archeological evidence will corroborate Luke in the future. However, we should confidently confess that Scripture's testimony is clear and trustworthy. Whether Josephus is wrong, or extra-biblical history is lacking, we should readily adopt Luke's account as the infallible record on the matter. The bigger point is Luke's contrast of two kingdoms. The kingdom of Rome, with all of its earthly glory is about to be infiltrated by a heavenly kingdom, that enters the region in relative obscurity. God used the pseudo-savior of the world to contribute to the fulfillment of his redemptive purposes. The One True God ordained a Roman census to bring about the birth of the One True Savior of the World, Jesus Christ! We have a Messiah who is Sovereign. He directs kings and rulers—including those who set themselves up as gods—as if they are pawns on a chessboard. Whereas Augustus and Quirinius thought they were expanding their power, in reality, God was using them to lay the foundations of His kingdom. God orchestrated events in such a way that Mary, a pregnant virgin from Nazareth in Galilee (Lk 1:26-27), would end up in Bethlehem—“the city of David”—at the time when she would deliver her child. Luke set out to write his gospel to provide his readers “certainty concerning the things you have been taught” (Lk 1:4). He provides dates and names and the details of events to give believers evidence that supports their faith and hope. How do these verses serve that goal?  These verses provide us with the certainty that—even when wicked rulers make inconvenient decrees—God “works all things according to the counsel of his will” (Eph. 1:11). God turns what men intend for evil and uses it for...

In an epic turn of events, Rome finds herself deep in 449 BCE. Appius Claudius may be dead, but what happens next? We're here to find out! Importantly, some of our key players in the plebeian set find themselves upgraded to the status of tribune of the plebs. Episode 119 - The Triumphant Return of the Consulship The end of Spurius Oppius It's not just Appius Claudius who finds himself in trouble after the end of the decemvirate. Spurius Oppius, another decemvir also finds himself in a spot of bother. Publius Numatorius - tribune of the plebs, maternal uncle of Verginia, leds the cause against Spurius Oppius. Livy has Oppius embroiled in a terrible affair involving a loyal solider of Rome while Dionysius of Halicarnassus has a much more speedy account of Spurius Oppius' ultimate fate. It may not be surprising to hear that the rest of the decemivirs realise they need to find their way out of Rome! The Consulship Returns The moderate patricians Lucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus Horatius Barbatus have managed to pass a range of laws that help support stability in the City. To catch up on the action of this front, check out Episode 118. But now that the major crises have passed, Rome begins to look outwards. It turns out that Rome's neighbours have noted their preoccupation with internal politics. The time has come for Rome to take a stand. Valerius takes a force against the Volscians and the Aequians. Horatius also takes out a force against the Sabines. We delve into the details of the strategies deployed by the Roman commanders. Both consuls and their forces make an excellent showing on the battlefield and return home with high expectations of a triumph or two. What are the Tribunes up to? As the year 449 BCE unfolds some of tribunes behaviour starts to garner suspicions. Is it just the case that groups of ten men now look a little shady to Romans in general? Or is there a new grab for power happening? The tribune Marcus Duilius may have some of the answers... Things to listen out for A soldier scourged The quaestores parricidiiThe amazing returning bootySome very interesting fracas about triumphsTribunes acting suspiciously...A new buddy system for tribunes Our Players The Decemvirs Appius Claudius. Ap. f. M. n. Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus Pat – Cos. 471, 451Spurius Oppius CornicenQuintus Fabius M. f. M. n. Vibulanus Pat – Cos. 467, 465, 459Quintus Poetelius Libo VisolusManius RabuleiusMarcus Cornelius – f. Ser. n. Maluginenesis PatLucius Minucius P. f. M. n. Esquilinus Augurinus Pat – Cos. 458Marcus? Sergius Esquilinus PatTitus Antonius MerendaCaeso Duillius Longus? The Senators Lucius Valerius PotitusMarcus Horatius Barbatus The Verginii and Supporters Verginia – a Roman maiden, murdered by her father in order to protect her from the lust of Appius ClaudiusVerginius – father of Verginia and newly elected tribune of the plebsPublius Numitorius – Verginia's maternal uncle and newly elected tribune of the plebsLucius(?) Icilius – Verginia's betrothedand newly elected tribune of the plebs Tribunes of the Plebs, 449 BCE Lucius VerginiusLucius Icilius (who had served as a tribune previously)Publius NumitoriusGaius Sicinius – son of the man who was first tribune chosen on Sacred Mount (L?.Sicinius)Marcus Duillius (who had served as a tribune previously)Marcus TitiniusMarcus PomponiusGaius AproniusAppius VilliusGaius Oppius Other Notables Gaius Claudius – uncle of Appius Claudius Sources Dr G reads Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities 11.46-50Dr Rad reads Livy ab Urbe Condita 3.58-64 Joseph Désiré Court 1864. The Martyrdom of Saint Agnes. Not historically aligned with the year we're examining but a very evocative imagining of Rome.

Get the featured cocktail recipe: Rum Rumaway Shiver me timbers! This week's epi features lawyer turned author and pirate, Laura Sook Duncombe, whose work uncovers the bounty of female pirates history has long ignored. From Grace O'Malley, who terrorized shipping operations around the British Isles during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, to the earliest known female pirate, Queen Artemisia I of Halicarnassus, who plundered Greek and Persian ships around 500 BCE. Laura helps us scallywags find our sea legs as we have much to learn from these powerful women who came from all walks of life but had one thing in common: a desire for freedom. Looking for the best cocktail to accompany you while you listen. Then head over to our library of libations for the right recipe to get you in the mood. Don't forget to follow, download and review to share your thoughts about the show! The Designated Drinker Show is produced by Missing Link—a podcast media company that is dedicated to connecting people to intelligent, engaging and informative content. Also in the Missing Link line-up of podcasts, is Rodger That—a podcast dedicated to guiding you through the haze of dementia led by skilled caregivers, Bobbi and Mike Carducci. Now, if you are looking for a whole new way to enjoy the theatre, check out Between Acts—an immersive audio theatre podcast experience. Each episode takes you on a spellbinding journey through the works of newfound playwrights—from dramas to comedies and everything in between.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Greek writer known as the father of histories, dubbed by his detractors as the father of lies. Herodotus (c484 to 425 BC or later) was raised in Halicarnassus in modern Turkey when it was part of the Persian empire and, in the years after the Persian Wars, set about an inquiry into the deep background to those wars. He also aimed to preserve what he called the great and marvellous deeds of Greeks and non-Greeks, seeking out the best evidence for past events and presenting the range of evidence for readers to assess. Plutarch was to criticise Herodotus for using this to promote the least flattering accounts of his fellow Greeks, hence the 'father of lies', but the depth and breadth of his Histories have secured his reputation from his lifetime down to the present day. With Tom Harrison Professor of Ancient History at the University of St Andrews Esther Eidinow Professor of Ancient History at the University of Bristol And Paul Cartledge A. G. Leventis Senior Research Fellow at Clare College, University of Cambridge Producer: Simon Tillotson

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Greek writer known as the father of histories, dubbed by his detractors as the father of lies. Herodotus (c484 to 425 BC or later) was raised in Halicarnassus in modern Turkey when it was part of the Persian empire and, in the years after the Persian Wars, set about an inquiry into the deep background to those wars. He also aimed to preserve what he called the great and marvellous deeds of Greeks and non-Greeks, seeking out the best evidence for past events and presenting the range of evidence for readers to assess. Plutarch was to criticise Herodotus for using this to promote the least flattering accounts of his fellow Greeks, hence the 'father of lies', but the depth and breadth of his Histories have secured his reputation from his lifetime down to the present day. With Tom Harrison Professor of Ancient History at the University of St Andrews Esther Eidinow Professor of Ancient History at the University of Bristol And Paul Cartledge A. G. Leventis Senior Research Fellow at Clare College, University of Cambridge Producer: Simon Tillotson

Growing up one of my favorite subject of discourse was history, ancient history and one such history is the wonders of the world; seven wonders of world as they were presented and are still presented both in classical and contemporary history lines and narratives. Their names are as follows;·         Great Pyramid of Giza, in El Giza, Egypt, the earliest of the wonders to be completed, as well as the only one that still exists in the present day.·         Colossus of Rhodes, in the harbor of the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name.·         Hanging Gardens of Babylon, in Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, Iraq.·         Lighthouse of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt.·         Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, in Halicarnassus, a city of the Achaemenid Empire in present-day Turkey.·         Statue of Zeus at Olympia, in Olympia, Greece.·         Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, in the city of Ephesus, near present-day Selçuk, Turkey.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonders_of_the_WorldA careful look at these wonders, one will come to see that they are testaments of the evolution of man with regard to knowledge, understanding and its application in building civilizations. Obviously, it also reveals man ingenuity in figuring out ways of building and constructing riding on given discipline of studies that have been established on empirically proven concepts and ideas.I asked myself rhetorically, what is the wonder? The mind from which the creations emanated from or the creations itself? Obviously the creator is greater than the creation and the creation is an expression of the creator's passion, love and value for being, because everything evolves and revolves around the creator, in this context Mankind.In this 37th episode of the Word Cafe, we take a peep into the Wonders of the word. Looking at the classical ones and leading unto the Contemporary ones. The focus here is the endless creative ethos of mankind that has transcended countless generations and its end will not come as long as we long for better ways of living, yes doing things and completing that task, we will always engage the mind of our spirit and the spirit of our minds to come up with new innovations and inventions.Man is the wonder, an extension of the WonderfuSupport the show

Beginnings are important, and in this episode, we delve deep into the first sentence of the Histories. In it, Herodotus identifies himself, gives his reasons for writing, and lays out his topic. A close reading, however, brings out a ton of nuance.  Here's the first sentence in its entirety: "This is the presentation of the inquiry of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, so that the things accomplished by human beings not be erased by time, and so that great and marvelous works, some produced by Greeks and some by non-Greeks, not be without fame, and, among other things, especially for what reason the two groups fought with each other."

Hop in the time machine baby, we're taking a trip to take a gander at the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. What mysteries will they all contain? Time will tell... (almost 4,000 years of time, to be exact).In this episode we cover what the wonders actually are, why they're so special and who came up with the list. All before diving into a mystery around each and every wonder. Buckle in, there's a lot to explore! Use the time codes below to skip ahead or revisit your favourite parts.2,584 BC: Great Pyramid of Giza (11min55secs)600 BC: Hanging Gardens of Babylon (21min07sec)550 BC: Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (26min53sec)425 BC: Statue of Zeus at Olympia (32min12sec)351 BC: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (40min46sec)292 BC: Colossus of Rhodes (47min42sec)280 BC: Lighthouse of Alexandria (54min36sec)

The OG Michelin Guide– the seven wonders of the ancient world. Ancient Greece's best tourist sights: the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Episode 20

Episode 48 – 300k— “Do you declare, from your heart, to possess a wife?”A census and a wedding. Rome passes 300 thousand inhabitants, and the Samnites are beaten at Aquilonia.Parcial TranscriptHello, this is Abel, speaking from Beijing, China. Welcome to my podcast.The Tale of Rome, Episode 48 — 300k.When Lucius Eugenius, Spurius Attius, and young Tatius got a glimpse of the hills surrounding Rome, their spirits went up.All three made the walk home, all the way from the north — and all three were now war veterans.For a Roman — and ordinary Roman — that's no small feat!And so, once they were down with all the military formalities and once they showed up on their home street,, their women, their children, their slaves, they all walked out to welcome them home!The DOMUS — house — Lucius Eugenius managed to build with their work, spanned two homes next to each other, a corral for raw materials, and a workshop, right across the street.Plus, a small garden behind the second house.This was a piece of real estate that Lucius managed to buy right after the Big War, from an impoverished Patrician.And of course, we are not counting that around 50 slaves were now working at the workshop, and a dozen or so were busy tending to the needs of the ever growing family.Life wasn't that bad, after all!And after they all settled back in, and once Lucius sat in his favorite reclining chair — Laurentia, his wife, reminded him in a casual tone:— “In five days we have to walk to the Field of Mars, husband. Town criers have been announcing the event, for days, now…”Lucius sighed.Another census.Everyone hated a census.The tables of the censors, they so-called Tabulae Censoriae in Latin, were piling up in forums already, to be taken to the field, the day of the census. From Equestrians and Senators, down to the last and lowest Roman, if you were in one of those five social levels, designed by long-gone King Tullius Servius, you had to go.Plebe or Patrician, everyone had to be there.— “We'll take Julia this time,” old Lucius said. “And Spurius, too.”— “What about his fiancee?” asked Laurentia.Lucius paused for a second. Good question. Then he replied.— “No. We haven't finished all the arrangements, yet. All this fighting. Let her go with the Furnii. The censors will be liking that — looks more respectful.”In his mind, Lucius cursed the constant wars Rome had, but he knew he couldn't do a thing about them.Besides, WARS were making him rich.Quite rich indeed.And this richness allowed for Spurius to soon-to-be-wedding a girl of the Furnii, a respectable — even though Plebeian— family.The Furnii were also one of the oldest families, according to the annals of ancient Rome.And according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a man named Gaius Furnius — that's F — U — R — N — I — U — S — came to be a tribune of the plebes, back in the year 445 BC, and that was something Lucius Eugenius respected a lot.And so — in a few week's time, Spurius Attius, the young veteran of the Battle of Sentinum, would take a daughter of the Furnii as his wife.Not bad for the family!All right, my dear listeners.As you can see, today we have two topics.A wedding and a census.And that means, that after our Latin Word of this episode, we'll see how Romans went about having a census, and then — how they organized a wedding in those not-so-high circles of society.The society of ancient Rome.Now, please be aware that both — weddings and censuses — have had their fair share of evolution in the one thousand years of Roman history, which means that I tried my best — to keep these two events, match the times we are living in, right now.Which is the beginning of the third century BC.Oh, and after that, we have the next battle against the Samnites, the battle of Aquilonia, and here goes a little spoiler in the story that follows.Let me explain.Right after the battle of Aquilonia, a plague will break out in Rome — one of the larger ones — and we'll be talking about how a new deity named Aesculapius — adopted from its Greek counterpart named Asclepius, became a world-wide symbol, today — recognized by a serpent bent over a fountain or wrapped around a staff, as if spilling its venom — to be used as an antidote — as a cure.This serpent can be seen almost all over the world, in pharmacies, hospitals, medical centers, Centers for Disease Control, and even as part of the logo of the WHO — World Health Organization.The other spoiler is that we'll soon have the result of our upcoming census, and hey — we'll know just how many people lived in Rome. Those numbers used to be published on plates all over Rome, especially in the Roman Forum.[…]

Black Clock Audio Tales 98: Batrachomyomachia  (Greek: Βατραχομυομαχία, from βάτραχος, "frog", μῦς, "mouse", and μάχη, "battle") or the Battle of Frogs and Mice is a comic epic or parody of the Iliad, definitely attributed to Homer by the Romans, but according to Plutarch the work of Pigres of Halicarnassus, the brother (or son) of Artemisia, Queen of Caria and ally of Xerxes. Most modern scholars, however, assign it to an anonymous poet of the time of Alexander the Great. Even later authors have been suggested, such as Lucian. The word batrachomyomachia has come to mean "a silly altercation". The German translation, Froschmäusekrieg, has been used to describe disputes such as the one between the School of Math and the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study.     Brought to you by Bunnyslippers.com, check out there brand new Dino sound slippers! • Slippers make a roaring sound every three steps • Made with green "scaly" fabric, soft plush uppers, foam footbeds, non-slip grips on soles, and three white claws on each foot • One size fits most, up to a Women's 10.5 / Men's 9.  Footbed measures 10.5"   Check outDave's Corner of the Universe at https://davescorneroftheuniverse.wordpress.com/ Black Clock Audio Tales is a daily podcast that reads you a story. Either a chapter of novel, or a whole short story.   Join us in our exploration of old ghost stories, supernatural fiction, horror tales, folk tales, fantasy, gothic horror, weird fiction, and cosmic horror. And dent forget to join us for our monthly show about the Cthulhu Mythos   Look for our podcast near the old wishing well in the blasted heath, or wherever you find your podcasts, we suggest pod bean or apple podcasts   Find us on the web at PGttCM.com and @Blackclockaudio on Instagram, twitter, and facebook And Black Clock Audio Tales on youtube   Welcome to People's Guide to the Cthulhu Mythos   Check out our new website over at WWW.PGttCM.com!   Edited by Daniel Spitzer Music by Kevin McLeod Soaring   Music by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)  Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/    Help support the show by going to PayPal.me/pgttcm and donate a buck or 5, or pgttcm.podbean.com and become a patron. Help the show by sharing/rating/liking or 5 star giving wherever you listen to or rate podcasts Buy a cool shirt from pgttcm.threadless.com. Black Clock Audio Tales is part of the dark myths collective. Learn more at DarkMyths.ORG  

Episode 44 – Plutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus— In order to really appreciate the beauty of a beach, one should not be swimming in the sea, neck-deep in the water.Second installment of our Biography episodes. This time, we tackle Plutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.Partial TranscriptPlutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus — two names we heard along this podcast, again and again.This — undoubtedly means, that — as faithful learners of Ancient Rome, we often depend on these two characters, in the same way we depend on what Virgil and Titus Livius wrote, which we've seen in our episode 40.We depend on Plutarch for how he described those early beginnings of Rome. We also depend on him for his masterpiece, called “Parallel Lives” and the way he portrayed Romans and Greeks who lived in his times and the times before him.We'll talk about Parallel Lives a lot more, in this episode.We also depend on Dionysius of Halicarnassus for the way he wrote, and his unique point of view, just to name two of his powers. But — perhaps, his biggest power was his world famous sobriety when writing about Rome. His refreshing view of men and their faults.Well — that's also something we'll see today, further down the line.But first, I want to list a few of the biggest differences that come to mind, between these two giants and the other two guys we had in Episode 40 — Livy and Virgil.Here we go.ONE — By reading their works, it is easy to infer that both Livy and Virgil were more — should I say — lost, when it came to writing.Even though this is my opinion, I believe that Livy and Virgil sailed the oceans of their imaginations, without guidelines on where they would find themselves after dark, almost as if it didn't really matter if they were even able to drop anchors, at the end of each chapter.Plutarch and Dionysius — on the other hand, seemed to know the direction of their vessels very well. It almost feels like they knew the winds, the currents, and even the depth of the waters they were sailing through.At the end of each paragraph, they already knew the next port of call, and they knew the weather patterns that would allow them to get there.In writer's terms — to me, Livy and Virgil were much more like “pantsers” — writing by the seat of their pants, while Plutarch and Dionysius were much more like “plotters.”For those not familiar with these two terms — pantsers versus plotters, here is a side-note.Pantsers start writing a novel — usually without much of a plan, and let their imaginations fly, and take them were they may take them. They develop story plots on the fly, and add sub-plots to their main story as they go.Plotters do the opposite. They lay out the plot, the sub-plots, and even the changes that story characters go through, before starting chapter one. After that, they write it all down.In general, we consider that most writers fall into one of these two categories, but the truth is, that we all have parts of both sides.[…]And now, without any further ado, here are TEN pairs of Greek and Roman lives, in no particular order.ONE — Theseus and Romulus — mythical founders of Athens and Rome, respectively.TWO — Lycurgus and Numa PompiliusTHREE — Themistocles and Camillus. Yep — that Marcus Furius Camillus!FOUR — Pericles and Fabius MaximusFIVE — Alcibiades and Gaius Marcius CoriolanusSIX — Aristides and Cato the ElderSEVEN — Pyrrhus and Gaius Marius — How fitting is that!EIGHT — Lysander and SullaNINE — Demosthenes and CiceroAnd finally — TEN — Alexander the Great and Julius CaesarMy personal opinion? What an honor for Julius Caesar![…]

The World's Oldest Religeon   Hello this is Bertie, and I am here with some more ancient history from Herodotus.   Herodotus was always fascinated by the customs of the people he came across, especially when they were very different from Greek ways and beliefs.   For instance he tells us that if your saw two Persians meet and they kissed each other on the lips, that meant they were of equal rank. If one of them was of slightly lower down, they kissed on the cheek. And if - say a lord and a peasant met, then the peasant would threw himself on the ground before the Lord's feet. By contrast, no free born Greek would willingly grovel before another mortal.   Herodotus had learned about Persian customs through his own eyes because he grew up in Halicarnassus, which is now the Turkish port of Bodrum. When he lived there, it was a Greek city under Persian control. He also travelled across the Persian empire, observing, and learning everything he could.   He tells us that Persians loved birthdays and celebrated them in style. They were also very fond of wine. As for food, they liked to eat lots of small dishes and spread the feasting over a long party, and they thought it odd that the Greeks tended to eat one big dish.   The Persians, he points out, considered themselves to be the greatest people on earth.Their neighbours, the Medes, were almost their equals, and the further away you travelled from the centre of Persia, the less worthy the people became, in their eyes.This would have come as news to the Greeks who probably thought that they were the greatest people on earth. Herodotus seems to be teasing his readers, hinting that we all tend to think that we are the greatest, and we can't all be right!   He was also very interested in the religion of the Persians. When you come across people with different beliefs, it can make you question your own, because you might think, “can all these religions be true?” You can try and translate different religions if you like. For instance you might say that the Egyptians call the sun god, Ra, and the Greeks call him Apollo, and he is really the same god by a different name. But the Persians presented a much trickier problem. Their religion was nothing like Greek beliefs, because the Persians did not represent their gods as looking like people or animals, nor did they have temples or alters. In fact, they did not have any statues or images of their gods at all.   Another Greek historian, Xenophon, tells us that the Persian leader, Cyrus the Great, began each day by singing hymns - but hymns to who or what? Well we know that Greek and Roman writers usually associated the Persians and their priests, the Magi, with a religion called, Zoroastrianism.   And personally I find this ancient and little known religion most intriguing.   Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest religions. These days it is also one of the smallest. There are only around 20,000 Zoroastrians practicing now, mostly in India and Iran. There is also a small Zoroastrian community in California.   I should mention one famous Zoroastrian whom you might have heard of. Freddie Mercury, the singer of Queen, grew up on the east African island of Zanzibar. His family came from India, and were Parsi, ultimately descended from Persians. They were Zoroastrians.   Their prophet, Zarathustra, lived around 1,500 years before the birth of Christ, in the area that is now now Iran. He preached that Ahura Mazda is the supreme being, the god of light, progress and truth, and that his enemy is Angra Mainyu, who is something like the devil, a spirit of darkness and lies. I think you can hear our word anger in the bad guy's name, Angra Mainyu, and yes, you might have heard of the the Japanese car maker, Mazda, and that's named after the ancient god of the Persians, Ahura Mazda.   Herodotus tells us that Persians considered lying to be one of the greatest possible sins a person could commit. In fact, Zoroastrianism calls on humans to be champions of the truth, and to fight the forces of lies and deceit.   Zoroastrians see the world as being made up of opposites, not just good and evil, but truth and lies, life and death, light and dark, hot and cold, and so forth. The Greek philosophers often thought about the world this way too. The most important symbol of Zoroastrian belief is fire, which represents truth and light. An eternal flame always burns in believers' homes.   We humans, they say, have a guiding spirit, a conscience, and the freedom to choose between good and evil. After we die, we will be judged, and we will go either to the good place, or the bad place. In fact the word “paradise” comes from an ancient Persian word that describes a walled garden. And the Persians loved their gardens, by the way. At the end of days, the Zoroastrians believe that there will be an almighty battle between the forces of good and evil, and good will triumph.   Zoroastrianism has its own myths and stories. In one, a man called Yama is the leader of humankind. Ahura Mazdā tells him that a terrible winter is coming and orders him to build a gigantic three-story barn to keep all the animals and plants safe from the great freeze. Some people have compared Yama to Noah from the Bible.   So, these are some of the beliefs of the Zoroastrians. You can see how they might have influenced other religions, including Christianity, which came later.   And Zoroastrian ideas influenced the early Greek philosophers, including Heraclitus and Pythagoras, who lived in eastern lands, and came into contact with the Persians.   And Zoroastrians even turn up in the Bible. Three Magi or wise men follow a star from the East to arrive at the birth of Christ. They were zoroastrians. The Magi claimed to be experts in predicting the future, especially from the planets and stars. Our word “magic” is derived from Magi. And horoscopes which claim to predict the future are a tradition going back to ancient Persia. Zoroastrianism remained the main religion of Persia until It was conquered by the followers of Islam around the year 650 in our era. Since then, It has been in steady decline, and it may one day vanish all together. But Zoroastrian ideas live on in our own society, and have come down to us partly through the Greek philosophers, and other religions that began in the Middle East. So you might be just a little more Zoroastrian than you realised.   And I am delighted to dedicate this story to Alexander Hall from Canberra in Australia. I heard that Astropup used to be his favourite, but now he's really hooked on the histories. I've also noticed how many of Patreon supporters come from Australia and New Zealand. I think we are going to need a big crowd of supporters on Patreon to help us survive into the future, and it's just fine if you give us $1 per month as a pledge because that's what crowdfunding is all about. It's about lots of people coming together to help their favourite productions. So thank you very much from me, Bertie, at Storynory.com. More on Zoroastrianism   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0K3vEBG3sk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTZ0FGcKPuE

Herodotus 01 The Histories Hello, This is Bertie, and I'm here to introduce something that we don't normally do on Storynory - History. So why are we, a story podcast, doing History? Well one reason is that History is chockablock full of great stories. In fact, our word History comes from an Ancient Greek word, ‘historia' and I think you can hear that we get the word Story from it. So History and stories go together pretty well. But History doesn't involve just any old sort of stories. The Greeks understood that History is based on careful research, rather than just plucked out of somebody's imagination. That's why the Greek word for Histories is often translated as Inquiries - like the sort of inquiry a detective makes when he's trying to find out the true facts of the case. I'm going to be telling you stories from the oldest book of History that we have. It's simply called, The Histories, and it was written two and a half thousand years ago by a Greek, named Herodotus. His aim, he tells us, was to keep alive the astounding events, and the glorious deeds on both sides of the Persian Wars. The Persian Wars was when the immense and powerful and fabulously wealthy Empire of Persia tried to crush its much smaller neighbour, Greece. Herodotus tells us that what he also wants, just as importantly, is to find out WHY the great clash between East and West happened in the first place. He was born in Halicarnassus - which nowadays is a seaside town called Bodrum, in Turkey. Back in the time of Herodotus, Halicarnassus was a Greek city under the rule of the Persian Empire. It was and still is a place where East meets West. Even today, Greece is not far away. It's just a 45 minute sea trip from Bodrum to the Greek island of Kos. While he was investigating his Histories, he travelled all over Greece, and the Persian Empire, including Egypt, which we now think of as ancient Egypt. On his travels, he spoke to people about their customs, traditions, and stories. What he gives us is an eyewitness account of the ancient world - which is one reason why his work is so fascinating. But you might think that some of his stories are not exactly true History. It's possible you will say that sometimes they sound more like myths. For example, right at the beginning of the Histories, Herodotus discusses a much older clash between East and West - the Trojan War. Perhaps you know at least some of the story. Maybe you've even heard it on Storynory. I'll refresh your memory. A Trojan prince named Paris was out hunting when he met three goddesses. Aphrodite the goddess of Love, Athena the goddess of wisdom, and Hera, the Queen of the Gods. They asked him to judge which one of them was the most beautiful, and he picked Aphrodite. As a reward, she promised him that he could marry Helen the most beautiful woman alive. There was just one snag - Helen was already married to a Greek king called Menelaus. Paris went to stay with Menelaus in the City of Argos. While he was a guest of the king, he persuaded Queen Helen to run off with him back to Troy. The Greeks were so insulted by this bad behaviour that they declared war on Troy, a city in part of the world which we now call Turkey. The Greeks sailed there with a mighty army and demanded that the Trojans must return Helen to her husband. But King Priam of Troy refused. Instead of giving back Helen which he could have easily done to end his troubles, he prefered to fight a war for 10 long years against the Greeks, in which many of his own sons were killed. Eventually the Greeks pretended to give up and leave, but before they sailed away, they left behind a huge wooden horse that was secretly filled with soldiers. When the Trojans took the horse into their city, the Greek soldiers jumped down from its belly, opened the gates of the city, and let in their army who set fire to the glorious buildings of Troy. Ok, so you know that story? It's great, but it's a myth, right? I mean you don't just meet three goddesses when you're out hunting in the hills. That sort of thing doesn't happen. But Herodotus at least partly believed the story. And he gives us some background. He tells us about various other times when visitors to Greece kidnapped women. For instance, Princess Io of Argos was captured by the Phoenicians. The Phoenicians were great sailors and merchants who came from the Middle East and a lovely place that we now call Lebanon on the coast famous for its hills and its cedar trees that's past Turkey and Syria and on the way to Egypt. Some of their sailors called in at the Greek port of Argos and stayed for a while to do business. Everyday while they were there, Greek women came down to their ship to look through all the tempting goods that the Phoenicians had for sale. Perhaps they bought some clothes that had been coloured with the famous Phoenician purple dye. Well one day, when the ship was ready to leave, the sailors jumped out and captured some of the women, including Princess Io, the daughter of the king of Argos. They sailed away with these women as captives and took them to Egypt. And then, as revenge, some Greek sailors kidnapped a Phoenician princess from their city of Tyre. Herodotus tells us that he's talked to both sides and they both gave slightly different accounts of the story. The Phoenicians claimed that Princess Io was in love with the ship's captain, and that she willingly ran away with him. He concludes that Helen running off to Troy with Paris was just the latest in a whole series of similar real life events. And that's not all that he tells us about Helen, Paris and the Trojan War. He's discovered that the Egyptians know a different version of the story that contradicts the Greek tale in some ways. When Herodotus went to Egypt, he collected a lot of information from the priests in the city of Memphis on the river Nile. They told him about a sanctuary - a holy place of safety - dedicated to the hero Heracles. If any slave made his or her way to that sanctuary, and had their skin branded as the property of Heracles, they could escape their human masters. Now it happened that when Paris was fleeing from Greece with Helen, and a cargo of stolen treasure, a storm blew his ship off course and he was forced to land in Egypt, in the delta of the river Nile. He had some slaves with him presumably to row his ship. Anyway they heard about the sanctuary of Heracles, and fled there to escape from Paris and to claim their freedom. Once there, they told the story of how Paris had been a guest of King Menelaus, and had run off with his wife, also taking a whole pile of treasure. The warden of the sanctuary was so outraged by this scandalous story that he reported Paris to the then king of Egypt, whom Herodotus names as Proteus. King Proteus summoned Paris, Helen and the escaped slaves to his palace. He asked Paris for his side of the story, and when the Trojan could not explain himself properly, he spoke something like as follows: “You are a scoundrel and you deserve death for the crimes that you have committed against King Menelaus who trusted you and gave you his hospitality. However, it has always been my custom to do no harm to guests in my country. You may go free, but you must leave Helen and the stolen treasure here with me. If King Menelaus comes here to ask for his property and his wife, I shall return them to him. Now go! And make sure you we never see your scandalous face here again.” So Paris returned to Troy safely, but empty handed. Some time after that, the Greeks turned up in their ships with a great menacing army. Their leaders, including Menelaus, went into the city to talk to Paris's father, the Trojan King Priam. They demanded the return of Helen and the treasure. King Priam however, said that he could not hand over Helen or the treasure for the very good reason that he did not have them. He advised the Greeks to sail to Egypt and to speak to King Proteus about the matter. The Greeks did not believe this story which sounded like an obvious lie. And that was why they immediately laid siege to Troy. After ten years of hard fighting and suffering on both sides, the Greeks eventually broke into Troy. Only then, when Helen and the treasure were nowhere to be found, did they finally understand that King Priam had been telling them the truth. So King Menelaus sailed to Egypt where he was reunited with both his wife and his riches. So that is the version of the Trojan War told to Herodotus by the Egyptian priests of Memphis. It's somewhat different from the usual story that's come down to us from the Greek poet Homer. Herodotus believed it, because he thought it made good sense. After all, why would King Priam (who was known to be noble and wise) fight a war, risking and ultimately losing his city and all his children? It would have been much easier and wiser to return to the Greeks what rightfully belonged to them. So, Herodotus concludes that the Egyptian version of the Trojan war story is most probably the true one - something that would have come as quite a surprise to his fellow Greeks who grew up practically knowing Homer off by heart. What do you think? You can let us know in the comments at Storynory.com. I hope you've found this introduction to Herodotus interesting. I'm planning to tell you many more stories from his Histories. Next time I will relate a story that again involves some rough sailors who were practically pirates. The story also involves a highly intelligent and quite marvellous sea creature. You may or may not believe it, but it will be up to you to decide. And if your family is able to support Storynory, please visit our website and follow the link to our Patreon page, and if you can commit to 5 dollars a month, we will thank you on the audio and say a little bit about you. For now, from me Bertie at Storynory.com. Goodbye.        

In this episode we look at Alexander's movements across Asia, the Gordian Knot, the war in the Greek islands and introduce Darius.