Podcasts about Halicarnassus

In this episode of Two Friends Talk History, host Zofia is joined by Stefano Carlo Sala, a doctoral researcher at the University of St Andrews, to explore the fascinating world of Dionysius of Halicarnassus—a Greek historian living in Rome at the dawn of the Empire. Together, they dive into how Dionysius used monuments, myth, and memory to connect early Roman history to a classical Greek past. If you're curious about how contemporaneous historians tried to explain Rome's rise, justify its rule over the Greek world, and shape cultural identity in an evolving political landscape, this episode is for you.

* Check out the new Thinker's Tavern discussion series athttps://www.instituteforfemininemyth.org/thinkers-tavern  *This week's podcast looks at the figure of Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes (Mercury) and Aphrodite (Venus), and his encounter with the aggressive nymph Salmacis, her prayer turning them into a single being that is both male and female and neither at the same time. While Salmacis is often viewed as an aggressive woman attacking an innocent boy, an inscription at Salmacis' pool in Halicarnassus suggests a very different view of the myth. We explore the idea of the Hermaphrodite as representing the bonds of marriage and ideas about marriage, as well as its connection to Plato's myth of the proto-human in the Symposium. The articles referenced in the podcast were:Kelly, Peter. "Intersex and Intertext: Ovid's Hermaphroditus and the Early Universe," Exploring Gender Diversity in the Ancient World, Allison Surtees and Jennifer Dyer, eds. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. Romano, Allen T. "The Invention of Marriage: Hermaphroditus and Salmacis at Halicarnassus and in Ovid," The Classical Quarterly, Vol. 59, No. 2 (Dec. 2009), pp. 543-561.

Year two begins with a two-part summary episode! Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c. 484 - 425 BCE) wrote his epic history of the Greco-Persian wars and was an instant sensation. The Histories ("history" in those days meaning an inquiry or research) cover the rise of the Persians, the customs of all the peoples with whom they fought, architecture, geography, animals, religious practices, and smutty court gossip. This episode covers the first five books of The Histories, and (trigger warning) also mentions Dick Van Dyke.Want a transcript? Click here. Don't forget to subscribe and leave a rating or review! Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this weekend episode, Victor Davis Hanson, with cohost Sami Winc, takes a look at the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, a wonder of the ancient world. They also discuss the strangeness of Leftist violence and the damage it has done to Germany and England.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

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Recording Tuesday, November 12, 2024 Show Notes for Ctrl Alt WoW Episode 814 - Happy Birthday Grand Nagus What do we want in a video game? Quests multiplayer, consistent world AprilPvd in VR Final Fantasy VR Try Medieval Dynasty Medieval Dynasty Coop Playtest   Zenith  Freeland   Exercise  Sailing   DOE DeRail Valley Grand Nagus: I play on Halicarnassus on Dynamis Data Center.   FFXIV patch 7.1 launched today Minimalist interior design added Interior design change added   Stargazer Deck  AprilPvd https://www.twitch.tv/aprilpvd https://www.twitch.tv/aprilpvdvr https://www.youtube.com/aprilpvd

In this episode Madison is telling us all about the first ever mausoleum!! But first, Spencer tells us the sweet story of wind phones. We've got an obituary on repeat, and one for a shimmy queen! Oh, we've also got some dumb.ass.criminalllllllllls!Buy our book: prh.com/obitchuaryGet your Merch: wonderyshop.com/obitchuaryCome see us live on tour: obitchuarypodcast.comJoin our Patreon: Patreon.com/cultliterNew episodes come out every Thursday for free, with 1-week early access for Wondery+ subscribers.Follow along online: @obitchuarypod on Twitter & Instagram @obitchuarypodcast on TikTokCheck out Spencer's other podcast Cult Liter wherever you're listening!Write to us: obitpod@gmail.comSpencer Henry & Madison ReyesPO Box 18149 Long Beach, CA 90807Sources: https://nypost.com/2024/08/14/world-news/arsonist-set-self-on-fire-trying-to-burn-down-barber-shop-video/ https://www.mywindphone.com/our-storyhttps://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/i-reported-on-wind-phones-as-a-tool-for-grief-then-i-needed-one/https://bell-gardia.jp/en/guide/the-phone-of-the-wind/https://www.britannica.com/video/179971/Overview-Mausoleum-of-Halicarnassushttps://www.livescience.com/archaeology/did-the-ancient-egyptians-really-marry-their-siblings-and-children#https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_coupled_siblings#Sibling_marriage_and_incesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecatomnushttps://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1848-1020-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nereid_Monumenthttps://www.mausoleums.com/halicarnassus-mausoleum/https://www.thecollector.com/mausoleum-of-halicarnassus-ancient-wonders/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus/#google_vignettehttps://www.grunge.com/618475/the-untold-truth-of-the-mausoleum-at-halicarnassus/https://www.grunge.com/618475/the-untold-truth-of-the-mausoleum-at-halicarnassus/https://www.newspapers.com/image/84621951/?article=b1d816eb-1a37-4033-ab81-6fbc8d257d44&terms=shimmyhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/792895944/?article=5920f8c0-006e-4e08-98da-be2f7e4e7f67&terms=corpsehttps://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/dead-whale-washes-ashore-torrance-beach/See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Help keep our podcast going by contributing to our Patreon! Today, we're going to talk about a wonder that was built for a man who was once extremely powerful. But today, he's known primarily for the grandness of his tomb—a tomb commissioned not by him, but by his wife (and sister)—a tomb so great that much like the Pharos' name has been used in some languages to mean all lighthouses, his name in English now means all tombs.  Who was Mausolus? What made his tomb so great? And why was it named after him and not his wife, who was also buried there? Join us as we explore the mysteries of the Mausoleum. Sponsors and Advertising This episode was brought to you by Taskrabbit. Go to Taskrabbit.com and use promo code FANGIRL at checkout for 15% off your first task. This episode was brought to you by Field of Greens. Go to FieldofGreens.com and use promo code FANGIRL for 15% off your first order and FREE rush shipping. This podcast is a member of Airwave Media podcast network. Want to advertise on our show? Please direct advertising inquiries to advertising@airwavemedia.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Verhalen over wonderbaarlijke verwekkingen en geboorten werden verteld over heersers en filosofen in historische tijden. Van de filosofen werd gezegd dat Pythagoras de nakomeling was van Apollo en de menselijke Pythais, de mooiste van de Samiërs; Plato zou de zoon zijn van Apollo en Amphictione; Apollonius van Tyana zou de zoon zijn van Proteus, een godheid van Egypte, of Zeus.Er waren twee belangrijke redenen waarom de Ouden spraken over wonderbaarlijke verwekkingen en goddelijke afstamming. Het was zeker een poging om de superioriteit van een individu ten opzichte van andere stervelingen te verklaren. Over het algemeen keken mediterrane volkeren naar iemands geboorte of afstamming om iemands karakter en gedrag te verklaren. In Plutarch's "Romulus" wordt Remus voor straf voor Numitor gebracht. Wanneer Numitor Remus ziet, is hij "verbaasd over de buitengewone grootheid van het lichaam en de kracht van de jongeling, en aan zijn gezicht te zien hoe onverzettelijk en vitaal zijn psyche was ondanks de huidige omstandigheden, en te horen dat zijn werken en daden overeenkwamen met zijn uiterlijk, ... vroeg hij wie hij was en wat de omstandigheden van zijn geboorte waren." Geboorte verklaart latere daden en karakter. In het Evangelie van Marcus, waarvan de meeste schriftgeleerden denken dat het eerder was dan dat van Matteüs en Lucas, ontbreekt een geboorteverhaal. Het begint met Johannes de Doper en met Jezus als volwassene. Sommige christenen geloofden dat hun relatie met God afhing van hun initiatief en acceptabele prestaties, zodat God goedkeurend zou reageren. De laat tweede-eeuwse kerkvader Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.26, spreekt over ene Cerinthus (laat eerste eeuw) die geloofdeJezus werd niet uit een maagd geboren, maar was de zoon van Jozef en Maria volgens de gebruikelijke wijze van verwekking. Omdat hij rechtvaardiger, verstandiger en wijzer was dan andere mensen, daalde de Christus na zijn doop op hem neer in de gedaante van een duif. Daarna predikte hij de onbekende Vader en verrichtte wonderen.Het evangelie van Marcus, zonder een wonderbaarlijk geboorteverhaal, was vatbaar voor een dergelijke interpretatie van een verdienstelijke Jezus die door God wordt beloond. Als Jezus het model voor christenen is, dan moeten zij ook verdienstelijk zijn. Sinds Paulus was dit in ieder geval niet wat de reguliere christenen geloofden. De relatie met God was gebaseerd op Gods genadige initiatief waarop mensen in vertrouwen en gehoorzaamheid (d.w.z. geloof) reageerden. Als men geloofde dat de mogelijkheid van wonderbaarlijke conceptie of geboorte in het algemeen waar was, dan kon een werkelijk superieur persoon alleen verklaard worden door een goddelijke oorsprong. Verschillende voorbeelden maken dit duidelijk. Dionysius van Halicarnassus, in zijn verslag van de verkrachting van de maagd Ilia in het aan Mars gewijde bos, laat de verkrachter na de gebeurtenis tegen de maagd zeggen dat ze niet moest treuren omdat ze "uit haar verkrachting twee zonen zou baren wiens daden alle andere zouden overtreffen. Een goddelijke verwekking leidt tot superieure daden!Toen Matteüs en Lucas geboorteverhalen met een wonderbaarlijke ontvangenis toevoegden als onderdeel van hun herschrijving van Marcus, zeiden ze dat dit soort leven alleen voortgebracht kan worden door Gods voorafgaande genadige, scheppende daad. Als dat zo is voor Jezus, dan geldt dat ook voor zijn volgelingen. De traditie van wonderbaarlijke verwekkingen en geboorten wordt zo opnieuw gedefinieerd in de christelijk-joodse context. De Grieks-Romeinse overtuiging dat de superioriteit van een mens alleen verklaard kan worden door een goddelijke scheppingsdaad, wordt gebruikt om de vooringenomenheid van goddelijke genade in de goddelijk-menselijke relatie vast te stellen. Dit is wat een auditor uit de oudheid te horen zou hebben gekregen.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/koinonia-bijbelstudie-live--595091/support.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1205, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: Ad Verbs And Taglines 1: MandM's: "The milk chocolate blank in your mouth, not in your hand". melts. 2: Apple, beginning in the 1990s:"blank different". Think. 3: Target:"blank more.Pay less.". Expect. 4: Instagram: "blank and share the world's moments". Capture. 5: Jantzen swimwear:"blank into life". dive. Round 2. Category: 7 Wonders Of The Ancient World 1: Made of bronze and honoring the sun god Helios, it stood about 100 feet high in the harbor of a Greek island. the Colossus of Rhodes. 2: To irrigate this ancient wonder, water from the Euphrates was pumped to the top of the hill. the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. 3: It was the earliest built of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World. the Great Pyramid. 4: Some sculptures from this marble tomb at Halicarnassus are in the British Museum in London. the Mausoleum. 5: A fire burned day and night at the top of this ancient wonder. the lighthouse at Alexandria. Round 3. Category: Rite 1: In Judaism, this rite of passage is celebrated around the time of a boy's 13th birthday. a bar mitzvah. 2: The Catholic rite for this sacrament begins with asking the parents what they name their child. baptism. 3: In this religion, a book of the dead called the "Bardo Thodol" is read to the dying to help them prepare for a favorable rebirth. Buddhism. 4: Casting 7 stones at each of the 3 pillars of Mina is a rite enacted during the pilgrimage with this name. hajj. 5: This rite is a solo vigil by a Plains Indian boy to seek spiritual power and knowledge through an apparition. a vision quest (or spirit quest). Round 4. Category: All You Need Is L-O-V-E. With L-O-V-E in quotation marks 1: A company called "London" this "tours" provides "a whirlwind tour of the history of the British public toilet". loo. 2: Bert Lahr, who played the Cowardly Lion in "The Wizard of Oz", was fittingly born under this zodiac sign symbolized by a lion. a Leo. 3: Led Zeppelin warned that this type of wall is "going to break", while Don McLean lamented that it was dry. a levee. 4: This Swedish automaker's museum features a full-sized XC90 SUV made from Legos. Volvo. 5: As Charles Darwin could tell you, to do this is to gradually change or develop over time. evolve. Round 5. Category: Differs By A Vowel 1: The pair found in the name of a large Scottish estuary that connects with the North Sea. the Firth of Forth. 2: A large, graceful tree and what a pig does in the mud to cool itself. wallow and willow. 3: A place to sit anda group of grapes. bench and bunch. 4: A mixture for making good old-fashioned pancakes and one of the ingredients. batter and butter. 5: A large British home in the country and a college student's secondary declared discipline. minor and manor. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

This week Dave and Jeff welcome back into the studio (this guy's becoming a regular!) our longtime friend, mentor, former colleague, and teacher, the inestimable Ken Bratt. You may know him from such episodes as "From there We Travelled to Philippi" (46), and, "A Visit to the Roman Catacombs" (76). For this go 'round, Ken reaches back into the more distant, misty past, as he talks a little about why he chose Herodotus for his doctoral dissertation at Princeton. Using a 1968 article by J.A.S. Evans entitled, "Father of History or Father of Lies: The Reputation of Herodotus", Ken leads us through questions of Herodotus' purpose, methods, theism, charm, and style. Was the man of Halicarnassus a mere credulous stooge, or is there something deeper going on? Does he really deserve such negative comparisons to Thucydides? And what about the urination practices of Egyptians? Tune in for this and more.

In this episode we tackle the years 413 and 412 BCE. These years come hard on the back of the murder of the patrician Postumius. Rome is facing challenges that seem to be bound up in the spolia in times of war and the broader annalist focus on the idea of the Struggle of the Orders which has been the defining feature of the early republic in Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. To catch up on the unfortunate fate of Postumius, check out Episode 142 - A Wrongheaded Man. Episode 143 - Special Victims Unit Onwards and Upwards? Murder is not something to be overlooked lightly, especially when the victim is a Roman patrician. It might be time for an investigation! And not just any investigation, but a special taskforce is assembled to consider all the evidence and follow the clues wherever they lead. Livy mentions this group as a quaestio perpetua, but there's good reason to be suspicious of this classification for the investigators. Strong evidence for the quaestio perpetua doesn't emerge until the second century BCE over 250 years on from 413 BCE! Agrarian Reform Will Rome find a way to reform its practices around conquered land? This topic comes back to the fore as we have the name for a of the tribunes of plebs. Roman conquest of new lands also brings this thorny subject back into the public discourse. How historical could the issue be at this point in the early republic? And will the patricians finally offer the plebeians something on this matter? Time will tell! Issues with the Volscians Rome's perennial tousle with their neighbours, the Volscii, continues in 413 BCE. The Hernicians seek Rome's aid against the Volscian forces and Rome is happy to oblige. The city of Ferentinum comes to our attention through this situation. We learn about the location of Ferentinum as likely corresponding with modern Ferentino, which is to the southeast of Rome, and likely part of the territory of the Hernicians at this time. What happens next to the city of Ferentinum? Tune in to find out! Is that Ferentinum way down to the southeast of Rome in the territory of the Hernicii? It surely is! Source: https://www.heritage-history.com/ The Return of the Icilii Perhaps Rome's most famous plebeians gens at this point in early republican history is the Icilii. And in 412 BCE, we see another member of the Icilii gens come into the role of tribune of the plebs. Famously, the Icilii are connected with the Lex Icilia de Aventino Publicando which our annalist tradition places as early as 456 BCE. Looking to brush up on this? Check out our Episode 104 - Aventine, Aventine. Another Icilius is also connected with the second decemvirate on account of being engaged to Verginia. To revisit Verginia's tale, see Episode 114 - The Tale of Verginia. Things to Listen Out For Ancient sources? What sources? Leniency for those found guilty Land redistribution in Bolae? Does Rome even have ager publicus to redistribute??? Volero returns!? The introduction of later sources Florus and Zonaras The Latin League Is Rome entering an expansionist phase? A history of the Icilius gens Pestilence! The Hernician Federation Our Players 413 BCE Consuls Aulus (or Marcus) Cornelius - f. - n. Cossus (Pat.) Lucius Furius (L. f. Sp. n.?) Medullinus (Pat.) Interrex Quintus Fabius Vibulanus (Pat.) Our Players 412 BCE Consuls Quintus Fabius - f. - n. Ambustus Vibulanus (Pat.) Gaius Furius - f. - n. Pacilus (Pat.) Tribune of the Plebs Lucius Icilius Our Sources Dr Rad reads Livy 4.51.1-4.52.1 Dr G reads Diodorus 13.43.1, 14.54.1; Florus 1.17.1-2; Zonarus 7.20 Broughton, T. R. S., Patterson, M. L. 1951. The Magistrates of the Roman Republic Volume 1: 509 B.C. – 100 B.C. (The American Philological Association) Cornell, T. J. 1995. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC) (Taylor & Francis) Ogilvie,

Jesus is the cornerstone in the eternal temple of the living God. The sinful men who despise and reject this stone are doomed to be destroyed. - SERMON TRANSCRIPT - "The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.” The Lord has done this and it is marvelous in our eyes. Today's text, if you look at it in a certain way, is effectively the story of two builders and their differing perspectives on building. Their differences, immeasurably deep and profound, though it manifests itself in a simple controversy over proper building materials or a proper building material, a single stone that one builder hates and rejects, but the other builder delights in, chooses, and establishes. The two builders in this scenario are sinful man on the one side and Almighty God on the other. Their philosophies of architecture are radically opposed to each other. Sinful man builds a building and so does God. Sinful man builds for his own glory and God builds for His own glory. The building projects go on day after day. Both sinful man and Almighty God add daily to their buildings and their architectural glories are in direct contradiction to each other. One of those buildings will sink back down into the dust from which it came and the wind will blow it away like chaff as though it was never there at all. But the other building will shine, will radiate with the glory of God for all eternity. Almighty God in his wisdom has chosen to make his only begotten son, Jesus Christ, despised and rejected, the head of the corner or the chief cornerstone of his entire building project. Day after day, this building rises, built out of other living stones, quarried and shaped to fit the cornerstone. "Almighty God in his wisdom has chosen to make his only begotten son, Jesus Christ, despised and rejected, the head of the corner or the chief cornerstone of his entire building project." When the last living stone is set in its proper place according to the plans of the eternal architect, the chosen stone will also be in some mysterious way, the capstone, the completing stone, as it was also the cornerstone. Every stone in it will glow with his glory. Sinful man having despised and rejected this stone builds every day for his own glory by his own principles, with his own building materials, his thoughts, his preferences, his achievements, his choices, his tastes, his lusts, his styles, his drives, his ambitions, and so the building of sinful man rises. It's outwardly impressive, in some sense, but it is ultimately doomed for it is built on the temporary sand of sinful man's own rebellious wisdom, and the storm will come and it will beat on it and it will fall with a great crash. Habakkuk 2 describes these two building projects in direct contradiction to each other and Habakkuk 2:11-14 says, "The stones of the wall will cry out and the beams of the woodwork will echo it. Woe to him who builds a city with bloodshed and establishes a town by crime. Has not the Lord Almighty determined that the people's labor is only fuel for the fire that the nation's exhaust themselves for nothing?" As the nations are building their empires out of their own effort, God says they're exhausting themselves for nothing. It's only fuel for the fire, for the earth will be filled with the knowledge of the glory of the Lord as the waters cover the sea. That's God's building project. So we have two builders, two approaches to architecture. One destined to stand in glory forever, the other doomed to be destroyed, blown away like chaff in the wind. Now, the question for every individual member of the human race is this, which of these two buildings are you investing your life in? What are you building? I've seen some magnificent buildings in my life. I've had the privilege of traveling various places and seen some stunning displays of human ingenuity and architecture. Architecture is an interesting discipline, a fascinating discipline, a combination of science and art. Science because the building needs to be sound in its construction principles, needs to be built well on a solid foundation, needs to rise by tried and true technologies of engineering with structural members on which everything else is based so that it will stand strong supporting its own weight, surviving wind and weather, erosion and earthquakes, and years of subjection to sunlight and water. It must have wise provision for heat and venting and air conditioning, also plumbing and electricity now and walls and doorways that meet building codes. It needs to be soundly built, but it also needs to be beautiful, I think. I've seen some really ugly buildings that stood behind the Iron Curtain. It seemed like they were designed to suck the life out of anyone that looked at them. Talk about form and function, it was nothing but function and ugly in form. It was intended to be so. You want there to be an art to the architecture, light, color, a space that captures the heart while it supports the body physically. Every great culture has expressed its greatness, at least in part, through its architecture, its great buildings. Five of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were displays of architecture. The Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. They all sought to proclaim the greatness of the cultures that built them, but since all flesh is grass and all its glory is like the flowers of the field, the glories are here today, God blows on them and they wither and the wind blows them away like chaff. God has determined that the glories of man, including the stacking up of stones one on top of the other, will eventually be toppled and sink back down, as Jesus said of the temple, "Not one stone here will be left on another." For me, personally, what are the most impressive buildings I've ever seen? Oh, of course, this one here that we're in, definitely. Well, what are my seven wonders of the modern world? It's objective, of course. I was speaking at a pastor's conference in Chicago last year and they took me on a river tour of the skyline of Chicago, and it was very impressive. Lots of steel and glass and crown jewels, building formerly known as Sears Tower, they still call it Sears Tower though Sears sold it a long time ago. It's impressive, shiny and beautiful. I've seen the Great Wall of China, Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the United States Capitol Building, Washington D.C., London Bridge, the Louvre Art Museum, the Eiffel Tower. Those are impressive. Four years ago, April 15th, 2019, I was saddened to hear the fire that attacked the cathedral at Notre Dame. I was sad about that. I know that they're refurbishing it, but it's not the same when it gets rebuilt, but it's a reminder to me, again, everything man builds is temporary. The text that we're studying today points, along with other passages, to a work of spiritual architecture that will never be destroyed. This morning, we're going to look at one small passage, but I'm going to use it as a portal, a doorway to go through into something much bigger, and I want to use it to meditate in an extended fashion with you on the greatness of Jesus Christ. That's what I'm about today. "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone. The Lord has done this and it is marvelous in our eyes." It is one of the most significant Old Testament prophecies about Christ. It's cited by Jesus here in this debate with his enemies. It's cited again by Peter and John in Acts 4 in their controversy with the exact same men, the exact same enemies as they boldly proclaim the Gospel. It's cited again by Peter in his epistle in 1 Peter 2. And as a matter of fact, I would urge you to turn there. Put your finger here on Mark and turn also to 1 Peter 2 because we're going to be leaning on it to get some of our information today. This passage, "the stone the builders rejected, et cetera", is a magnificent image of a building rising from its perfect beginning, from its perfect foundation, to its perfect consummation, the true temple of God in which God will dwell with his people in glory forever. It is eternal and heavenly architecture, the foundation laid by Christ's perfect life and substitutionary death. The wall's made up of living stones, that's us Christians quarried from Satan's dark kingdom, and positioned in walls of a rising spiritual structure, a true spiritual temple in which God dwells and will dwell by his spirit. Ephesians 2 talks about this, I know you're in 1 Peter 2 and I'll get to that in a moment, but Ephesians 2:19-22 says, "You are no longer foreigners and aliens, but you are fellow citizens with God's people and members of God's household built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone. In him, the whole building is joined together and rises to become a dwelling, to become a holy temple in the Lord, and in him, you two are being built together to become a dwelling in which God lives by his spirit.” So you've got this holy spiritual temple rising, rising now, and it's a place that God dwells and will dwell by his spirit. Again, in the passage in 1 Peter 2:4-5, the same illusion, "As you come to him, the living stone rejected by men but chosen by God and precious to him. You also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.” This is the true and eternal architecture, the eternal temple of the living God, which is rising right now by souls that are being won to Christ through evangelism and missions all over the world. Rising now, though we cannot see it, it's built on the foundation laid by Jesus Christ, but it all starts with him as that first stone, the cornerstone, the foundation of everything. I. Context of the Story The context of this statement in Mark's Gospel, it was the final week of Jesus' life. He has already ridden in triumph into the city to cries of "Hosanna!" and "Blessed is the coming kingdom of our Father, David," and all that. That was the high point emotionally. From then on would come Jesus' final descent down to the cross, his humiliation, the consummation of that infinite downward journey of his humiliation described in Philippians 2, “Jesus, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant being made in human likeness and being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself and became obedient to death, even death on a cross.” That downward journey is on display in the final week of Jesus' life and that's where we're at in Mark's Gospel. Central to this downward journey was his increasingly sharp conflict with his human enemies, the chief priests, elders, teachers of the law, the Pharisees. His human enemies are surrounding him. He had already made a mortal enemy of the high priest, the real high priest, Annas, whose business He impinged on twice by cleansing the temple, when He overturned the benches of the money changers and those selling doves and says, "Take these out of here. How dare you turn my father's house into a marketplace? My house will be called a house of prayer for all nations. You've made it a den of thieves." The next day, Jesus continued his teaching ministry right in that location in the temple, taking it over, teaching, healing, ministering. His enemies come back, the priests and Scribes and Pharisees come to challenge him with controversial questions trying to trap him into a fatal error with his mouth. They challenged him with the question of his authority. What authority did He have the right to do these things? By what authority? Cleansing of the temple, his teaching of the people, all of that, "Who are you to do these things?" Jesus challenged them back with a question about John the Baptist's authority. Where did he get his authority to do his baptism? Where did that come from? "You answer me, then I'll answer you." They wouldn't answer him so He didn't answer them. Then He told them, as we studied last week, the Parable of the Tenant Farmers, the wicked tenant farmers, how God expected fruit, and represents, I think, Israel, the people of God. It represents them and He sent messengers, prophets to them, and they just killed them, et cetera. Ultimately, he sent his son. "They'll respect my son," he said. But when they saw the son, they said, "Look, this is the heir. Let's kill him, and the inheritance will be ours,” meaning the vineyard. So they took him and killed him and threw him out of the vineyard. Jesus interpreted the parable in light of their imminent rejection and murder of the son of God, himself. He finished with the allusion to this Old Testament prophecy, "Have you never read in the scripture the stone the builders rejected has become the capstone. The Lord has done this and it is marvelous in our eyes." So that's where we're at in Mark's Gospel, and that's what we're going to consider today. This one prophecy is so rich I believe it's worthy of our entire attention this morning. It's a direct quotation of Psalm 118 : 22-23, and I desire to unfold it. This is my simple interpretation. The stone is Jesus Christ. The builders are the Jewish leaders. The rejection of Christ shows that they're directly opposing God in their rejection, for the stone that they reject, God makes the chief cornerstone or the head of the corner, a chosen, strategically placed stone. The text says, "The Lord has done this." So the Jewish leaders’ rejection of Jesus is directly in contradiction to God's intentions, God's estimation, God's selection of him to be the head of the corner. The psalmist says, "The Lord has done this and it is marvelous in our eyes." Therefore, it is worthy of worship, it is worthy of us marveling over it, and that's what I think we've assembled to do this morning, is to marvel at Jesus. I'm using this one concept, the stone the village rejected as a portal through which to contemplate some of the marvels of Jesus Christ. It's mysterious. How is Jesus like a stone? What does that mean? What does the head of the corner mean? In Hebrew, what does that mean? How is this placement of Jesus celebrated in the Bible? All of these questions and others came into my ever questioning mind, my engineering mind, my verbal mind. I won't deny that it wasn't accidental that I ended up with a bunch of Ps in the outline. If you look at the outline, all right, you'll see the list of where we haven't even begun to start yet this morning. There you've got all of these P’s: a predestined stone, a prophesied stone, a perfect and perfected stone, a rejected stone, there's no P for that one, a precious stone, a position stone, a permanent stone, proclaimed, pattern, praise, and I thought of one more, paradoxical. We'll get to that in due time. But I feel okay with it because in Psalm 119, the psalmist does it with the success of letters of the Hebrew alphabet, eight verses on “aleph”, eight verses on “beth”, eight verses on “gimel”. I don't usually do it. I know it seems a little gimmicky. The other day, I was with a good friend at one of my favorite restaurant coffee shops around here, and the servers brought us a tray with a bunch of samples on it of a new product that they were rolling out. I took it and popped it in my mouth, it was delicious and that was it. That's what this sermon's going to be like, a sampler. So let's walk through. II. A Predestined Stone First, Jesus is a predestined stone, predestined. God planned this whole thing from eternity past. The blueprint was laid in the mind of God before He said, "Let there be light.” This is no new thing for God. God is the architect that made the blueprint. He figured all of this out. He knew that He wanted a spiritual temple in which He would dwell forever with his people in intimate connection with them. He knew that his people would be essential to that dwelling place. They would make it up in effect as themselves living stones. He figured all of this out, that his only begotten son would be the head of the corner or the chief cornerstone, et cetera. Peter tells us he was predestined for this role. Look at verse 4 of 1 Peter 2, "As you come to him, the living stone rejected by men but chosen by God." That's implied in the Psalm 118 quote, the Lord has done this. This is God's plan, God's purpose. Also, two verses later in 1 Peter 2:6, “For in scripture it says, ‘Behold I lay a stone in Zion, a chosen and precious cornerstone.’" So He is chosen for this role. These verses tell us that Jesus was chosen for the role but doesn't say when. But Peter tells us that in the previous chapter, 1 Peter 1:20, that “He was chosen before the creation of the world."You look at it right there in First Peter 1:20, "chosen before the creation of the world, but was revealed in these last times for your sake.” That's what I mean by predestined. All of this is consistent with the biblical doctrine of predestination. Ephesians 1:4-5 says, “God chose us in him before the creation of the world, [him being Christ], to be holy and blameless in his sight. In love, he predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ in accordance with his pleasure and will.” Also, Second Timothy 1:9 says, "This grace was given us in Christ Jesus before the beginning of time.” Before the beginning of time, this whole thing was worked out. He is the predestined stone, predestined cornerstone, part of a blueprint that God worked out in his mind before time began. III. The Prophesied Stone Secondly, he's the prophesied stone. Not only did God choose and predestine and work all this out in his mind, He rolled out his ideas of it ahead of time through the prophets. He told the prophets what would happen and the prophets proclaimed it to the world. They prophesied it, they predicted it. So we get Psalm 118, verse 22-23, "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone. The Lord has done this and is marvelous in our eyes." Jesus quoted it. Jesus thought, “Have you never read like in your synagogues on the Sabbath? Haven't you read this Psalm, Psalm 118? Of course, you have." Who wrote Psalm 118? It's not titled. If you look at it, it's not titled, but, traditionally, logically, in the psalter, in its position in the psalter, it's ascribed to King David. That would've been 1,000 years before Christ, 1,000 years. "The stone the builders rejected, it has become the capstone." David was prophesying. He's a prophet as he wrote the psalm. God prophesied these things about Christ ahead of time so that his chosen people could read the prophecies that predated him by 1,000 and know it was all true. It's a sense it is validation of our faith. He's the prophesied stone. IV. A Perfect and Perfected Stone He's also a perfect and perfected stone, perfect and also perfected. What does that mean? First of all, He's already perfect, flawless, morally pure, but that perfection was not formed or fashioned by man. He is flawless. 1 Peter 2, same chapter verse 22 says, "He committed no sin and there was no deceit in his mouth.” He was a perfect man. Jesus' perfection was not the work of other people. It certainly wasn't the work of Joseph and Mary. They were really great parents and did a really great job raising him, but no, not at all. They were godly people, but his perfection was not because of their great parenting. There is a picture of this, if you know what to look for. As a requirement, the stones used for the altar and for the building of the temple were not to be formed or fashioned by chisel and hammer on the work site. It's very interesting. Exodus 20:25, "If you make an altar of stones for me, do not build it with dress stones for you'll defile it if you use a tool on it." 1 Kings 6:7, Solomon's Temple, "In building the temple, only blocks dressed at the quarry were used and no hammer, chisel, or any other iron tool was heard at the temple site while it was being built." Why this little detail? Because Christ was not formed or fashioned by human ingenuity or power. It's a picture of the work of God in the perfection of Christ. We also have this in Daniel 2 with the image of human history of the statue in Nebuchadnezzar's mind that had feet of clay. The whole thing is destroyed by a stone, we're told, cut out but not by human hands that struck the statue on its feet of clay and destroyed it and turned the whole thing to chaff. Hence, my earlier comments as I introduced this sermon saying, everything man built will turn into chaff and the wind's going to blow it away without leaving a trace. But the stone that struck it became a huge mountain that filled the whole earth representing the kingdom of Christ, and it's called "a stone cut out but not by human hands." His perfection was his own and yet He was perfected by his sufferings, we're told. The author of Hebrew tells us, Hebrews 5:8-9, "Although he was a son, he learned obedience from what he suffered and once made perfect became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey him." Wow, what a mysterious assertion. Jesus was made perfect by his sufferings to be our mediator, our savior. As I meditate on that, it doesn't mean there was any imperfection in Jesus, but He had to go through the suffering and death on the cross to save us. So I would look at “made perfect” as “qualified by his sufferings." By his suffering He was qualified to save us. By the shedding of his blood, He was made a perfect savior, a mediator for us. That's what I think of as “made perfect.” He was fitted to be the foundation stone by his suffering and death. Therefore, the stone the builders rejected, their rejection of him was essential to him being made perfect to be our savior. So Jesus was both perfect and perfected stone. V. A Rejected Stone He is also a rejected stone, as I just said a moment ago. There is no P for this. Therefore, it really sticks out, doesn't it? How could such a man be rejected? Stunning. But, actually, most people that know and hear about Jesus reject him. It's actually normal, but it's still bizarre. "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone." The Jewish nation officially rejected Jesus. "Led by these builders, he was despised and rejected," it says in Isaiah 53. John 1:11, "He came to his own and his own did not receive him." Officially, on his trial before the high priest, Matthew 26:65-67, "The high priest tore his clothes and said, 'He has spoken blasphemy. Why do we need any more witnesses? Look, now you've heard the blasphemy. What do you think?' 'He's worthy of death,' they all answered. Then they spit in his face and struck him with their fists.” That's them rejecting Jesus, officially rejecting him. How astounding that He would be rejected. This speaks to the perversion of the sinful mind. Jesus was God incarnate. He was love incarnate. He was kindness incarnate, goodness incarnate, mercy incarnate. He did a river of healings for the people. Why did they hate him? The sinful mind steeped in darkness hated him, rejected him. The sinful mind is twisted and perverted by sin and evil. It loves what is hateful and hates what is lovely. It puts darkness for light and light for darkness. It puts bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter. It calls wickedness righteousness and righteousness wickedness. It is fundamental. It is essential to sin, this rejection of goodness, this rejection of God. It's at the core of our wickedness. We are commanded to love God with all of our heart, with all of our soul, with all of our mind, all of our strength, and we actually hate him with all of our heart, soul, mind, and strength until we are converted, steeped in sin. Jesus was the rejected stone. VI. The Precious Stone But Jesus is the precious stone. Rejected by men, but precious. Chosen by God and precious to him, we're told. The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone. The Lord has done this and is marvelous in our eyes. Look at 1 Peter 2:4, "As you come to him, the living stone rejected by men but chosen by God and precious to him." What does that mean, “precious"? Precious means “unspeakably valuable.” How can you properly measure the worth and value of Jesus Christ? One way to get at it is Romans 8:32. So you know, God the Father, ”He who did not spare his own son but gave him up for us all, how will we not also, along with him, graciously give us all things?” That puts everything that God had to give in two categories, his own son and all things. That would be everything other than Jesus. The entire universe, physical and spiritual, lays before him because He made it all, He owns it all, and He says, "Of these, what's really precious to me is my only begotten son and I gave him for you. Therefore, how would I not also, along with him, graciously give you everything else?" That means, in God's estimation, Jesus is more precious than everything else in the universe. "That means, in God's estimation, Jesus is more precious than everything else in the universe." And isn't it amazing that now He's precious to us too? Look at 1 Peter 2:7, "Now, to you who believe the stone is precious." How beautiful is that, “precious to God”, in verse 4, 1 Peter 2, precious to us who believe. How did that happen? Is it not because of the work of the Holy Spirit in our lives? Do you not give credit to the Holy Spirit for making Jesus precious to you? How many of you could testify right now that Jesus is precious to you? How many of you be willing to say, be able to say, "Jesus is precious to me,” ? You might've been converted a week ago and you would be able to say, "Jesus is precious to me." You might've been a Christian for 50 years and you'd be able to say, "Jesus is precious to me." Those would say, "Jesus is more precious to me now than when I was first converted." The more I study him, the more precious He becomes to me, and the more you study his preciousness, his value, his worth, the more you feel you've just begun to scratch the surface. Give him the credit and the glory. Thank him for your salvation. You are surrounded every day by people who are familiar with Jesus, who know some things about him, and He's not precious. They're rejecting him. But not you. How did that come about, dear brother and sister? Is it not because the Holy Spirit sovereignly worked grace in your life? Is it not because He took out your heart of stone and gave you a heart of flesh and made Jesus precious to you? What does that word mean, “precious”? Charles Spurgeon, meditating on this, said, "Something is precious because it's rare, and because it has intrinsic value to it, and because of its beneficial qualities.” Jesus is rare. He is utterly unique in the universe. He is the only begotten son of God. We're all adopted children of God. He's the only begotten. He's unique. He's the God-man. He has intrinsic value because in him dwells the fullness of the deity in bodily form. And one of his beneficial qualities, Spurgeon put it this way, "He is eyes to the blind. He is ears to the deaf. He is feet for the lame. He is healing to the sick. He is freedom to the slave. He is joy to the mourner. He is life to the dead. Think of his life and how it gives life to the believer. Think of his death and how it redeems from hell all those who trust in him. Think of his resurrection and how it justifies believers. Think of his second coming and how it delights our hearts. Think of our Lord in all of his offices of prophet, priest, and king. Think of him in all his relationships as husband, brother, and friend. Is he not precious to you?” VII. A Positioned Stone He is also a positioned stone. He is positioned by God as the foundation to the entire building. Everything's based on him. Cornerstones are laid first. Everything else finds its orientation based on the cornerstone. The angles must be perfect. Let's imagine that the architect wants a 90 degree angle. If it's 89 or if it's 91 and you measure out over 200 feet, you're going to be off by three feet or more. It's got to be just right. It's a cornerstone. Everything is based on him. He's positioned as the foundation. As Paul said in 1 Corinthians 3:11, "No one can lay any foundation other than the one already laid, which is Jesus Christ." Everything's based on him, his death, his resurrection. VIII. A Permanent Stone Therefore, He's a permanent stone. He's laid for all eternity, He cannot be moved. Stones have immense weight and compressive strength. You can stack stone upon stone upon stone and make a big building. There's that sense of permanence with Jesus. He is positioned permanently, and He is more permanent than the universe itself. It's hard to believe, but it is really true. Hebrews 1:10-12 says, "In the beginning, oh Lord, you laid the foundations of the earth and the heavens of the work of your hand. They will perish, but you remain. They all wear out like a garment. You'll roll them up like a robe. Like a garment, they will be changed, but you remain the same and your years will never end." Speaking to Jesus, He's more permanent than the universe. The finished work of Christ on the cross cannot be undone. He is permanent foundation for the eternal dwelling place of God. "Heaven and earth," Jesus said, "will pass away, but my words will never pass away." Therefore, also, everyone who builds his or her life based on the words and work of Christ, it will last for eternity, the things you are building. At the end of the Sermon of the Mount, Jesus says, "Therefore, everyone who hears these words of mine and puts the into practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. Rains came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house, but it did not fall because it had its foundation on the rock." Your work will be permanent too if it's based on Christ and on his words. "But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man who built his house on the sand, and the rains came down and the streams rose and the winds blew and beat against that house and it fell with a great crash.” [Matthew7:24-27] That's somebody who does not obey the word and builds on sand. IX. A Proclaimed Stone Jesus is also a proclaimed stone. I'm doing it right now. I'm proclaiming the greatness of Christ. I'm preaching him. He is proclaimed throughout the world, proclaimed in scripture, and He's proclaimed by preachers who go and proclaim the greatness of Christ, and in that proclamation, people hear and believe and are saved. 1 Peter 2:6 says, "Behold I lay a stone in Zion, a chosen and precious cornerstone, and the one who trusts in him will never be put to shame." So as this proclamation is going out around the world, people are hearing and trusting and they are built on that foundation. Peter and John give a very good example of this in Acts 4. It's one of my favorite parts of the Book of Acts. They heal a lame beggar. He's walking and leaping and praising God and all that, and they come and arrest Peter and John and haul them up in front of the exact same human enemies that had condemned Jesus. Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, spoke to these wicked enemies of Jesus these words, "Rulers and elders of the people, if we are being called to account today for an act of kindness shown to a cripple and are asked how he was healed, then know this, you and all the people of Israel, it is by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified but whom God raised from the dead, that this man stands before you healed." Now listen to this. It's my favorite part, "He is the stone you builders rejected which has become the capstone. Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved." [Acts 4:7-12] Do you see what Peter did to the quote? He changed it a little bit. I've been reading it out of Psalm 118, "The stone the builders rejected has become the capstone." Peter said, "The stone you builders rejected..." in case you missed it, filled with the Holy Spirit, he applied it to Jesus's enemies. But he's saying, "Salvation is found in no one else and that's how we get saved. That's how our sins are forgiven, by the proclamation of this cornerstone." X. A Pattern Stone He is also a pattern stone. Jesus is the first of a vast sequence of similar stones. Look at 1 Peter 2:4-7, "As you come to him, the living stone rejected by men but chosen by God and precious to him, you also like living stones are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. For in scripture it says, 'Behold I lay a stone in Zion, a chosen and precious cornerstone, and the one who trust in him will never be put to shame now to you who believe the stone is precious.’" So, by believing Jesus becomes precious, you become instantly like him, a living stone. XI. A Paradoxical Stone Now I'm going to insert another P in here, and that is a paradoxical stone. What does that mean? “Paradox” means, it's “internally mysteriously, contradictory”. By dying, we live. By living, we die. This kind of thing. Do you not see the paradox of a living stone? Think about it. Don't we use stones as an example of things that are dead, that are not alive? Dead as a stone or stone dead, something like that? But here Jesus is a living stone. I was on another bike ride and I was thinking about that phrase, living stone. How is a stone living? What does that mean? And I don't know for sure, but let me tell you some guesses. I think stones not just are pictures of deadness, but they're also pictures of permanence and unchanging nature. They just are what they are. If something's engraved in stone, it never changes. If something's rock solid, it has a solid foundation. It doesn't move. So I think it's a sense of Jesus's permanence and immutability, but tied to his life. He's eternally alive. As Romans says, "Since he died, he cannot die again. Death no longer has any mastery over him." He's alive forever. He is the same yesterday, today, and forever. What he was yesterday, he will be today and he will be forever. And you can count on him. He never changes. He's rock solid. You can build on him. He's alive and gives you life. The giving of life will keep on happening. He's a living stone. You also become like him, living stones. That's pretty cool too because you are positioned in a wall of the rising spiritual temple in which God will dwell forever. You're positioned there in a place, I believe, through predestination. You're the only one that could have been positioned there. That place was made for you. Imagine, not that anyone would ever do this, a 100,000 piece jigsaw puzzle. Imagine someone with the diligence and discipline to do a 100,000 piece jigsaw puzzle and there's one piece missing. Let's imagine it's a real type-A person. That person's not going to shrug and say, "Oh, well, we got most of it." What are they going to do, friends? They're going to search until they find that missing piece, aren't they, because that piece can't be replaced. It's got a certain contour, certain shape. It's got certain colors on it. It's the only one that can go there. Didn't Jesus tell a story about a woman who lost a coin and she looked everywhere and everywhere until she found that coin? So we also, like Jesus, are positioned in a certain place in the wall that only we could have filled and God will not rest until all of his chosen people, Ephesians 1 says "chosen in him before the foundation of the world", are positioned like him in our proper place in the wall. It's pretty awesome when you think about it. Now, with this, we have a bit of a translation problem. Is Jesus the cornerstone or the capstone? Have you ever wondered about that? Now, which is it? They are different. The one is the beginning stone and the other is the ending stone. One of them starts the whole thing and the other one finishes it or consummate it. The Hebrew is "head of the corner". KJV brings it over to “chief cornerstone”. He's the head of all the corner, that kind of thing. He's the chief. So people have wondered, are we talking the foundation, the cornerstone foundation stone, or the capstone the consummate? Why not both, friends? I'll tell you what, let's go both, because Jesus is the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end. He is the beginning of this whole structure, and He will end it. And every living stone in between is conformed to him in beautiful ways. In Revelation 3:12, it says of believers, "Him who overcomes, I'll make a pillar in the temple of my God. Never again will he leave it." You're going to be positioned and be radiant forever and you're going to glow. In Revelation 21, the holy city Jerusalem is coming down out of heaven from God. It's shown with the glory of God and its brilliance was like that of a very precious jewel, like a jasper, clear as crystal. Think about that, clear living stones. You're going to radiate with the glory of Christ. You're going to shine with his glory in that beautiful spiritual temple. XII. A Praise Stone Finally, a praise stone. That's all I've been doing in this sermon. That's the whole point of this sermon, this gimmicky-looking sermon with all of its Ps. I just wanted to praise Jesus. Doesn't it say right in the text, "The Lord has done this and it is," what? "marvelous in our eyes." Do you know you're going to get a chance for all eternity to celebrate how marvelous Jesus is, how marvelous this whole building project really was? It is marvelous. It's more marvelous than you think. We've only scratched the surface. I've given you a sampler sermon today. Each of the Ps you could delve into more, but Jesus is infinitely greater than any meditations you could ever do, and you're going to have heaven. If you repent and believe in Jesus and trust in him, you're going to have heaven forever to think about the greatness of Christ. Close with me in prayer. Father, we thank you for this one text, for its power. We thank you for the concept behind it, of this grand and glorious structure that is rising to become a dwelling in which God lives by his spirit. We thank you. We pray that you would take these meditations, however brief, however imperfect, and use them to fill us with glory. Help us to proclaim Christ to a lost and dying world. Help us to be filled with expectancy that we have so much more to learn about Jesus than we ever thought we did. Fill us with a sense of his greatness, of his preciousness. Thank you for saving us, Lord. I want to thank you for each of my brothers and sisters that are here for whom Jesus is precious. Thank you for working that in them. In Jesus' name, Amen.

Can you name all 7 Wonders of the World without looking up the answer? Did you know a new list was published in 2007 to replace the former sites and monuments? Tune in to another edition of The Layover to learn why, when, and which sites still exist from the original list that dates back more than 2,000 years.

HERODOTUS was born at Halicarnassus, on the southwest coast of Asia Minor, in the early part of the fifth century, B. C. Of his life we know almost nothing, except that he spent much of it traveling, to collect the material for his writings, and that he finally settled down at Thurii, in southern Italy, where his great work was composed. He died in 424 B. C.The subject of the history of Herodotus is the struggle between the Greeks and the barbarians, which he brings down to the battle of Mycale in 479 B. C. The work, as we have it, is divided into nine books, named after the nine Muses, but this division is probably due to the Alexandrine grammarians. His information he gathered mainly from oral sources, as he traveled through Asia Minor, down into Egypt, round the Black Sea, and into various parts of Greece and the neighboring countries. The chronological narrative halts from time to time to give opportunity for descriptions of the country, the people, and their customs and previous history; and the political account is constantly varied by rare tales and wonders.Among these descriptions of countries the most fascinating to the modern, as it was to the ancient, reader is his account of the marvels of the land of Egypt. From the priests at Memphis, Heliopolis, and the Egyptian Thebes he learned what he reports of the size of the country, the wonders of the Nile, the ceremonies of their religion, the sacredness of their animals. He tells also of the strange ways of the crocodile and of that marvelous bird, the Phoenix; of dress and funerals and embalming; of the eating of lotos and papyrus; of the pyramids and the great labyrinth; of their kings and queens and courtesans. - --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/librivox1/support

Herodotus, a Greek historian from Halicarnassus, wrote the Histories, a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars that modern historians and archeologists have largely validated.[1] The Roman orator Cicero called him “The Father of History.” Herodotus wrote, “It is better by noble boldness to run the risk of being subject to half the evils we anticipate than to remain in cowardly listlessness for fear of what might happen.” Visit us at First Cause. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/reveration/support

Jeopardy! recaps from the week of March 6th, 2023. We bring back our ongoing fight about air fryers, we commiserate about production problems and excessively obscure Jeopardy! clues, Emily relives her painful encounter with the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, and Kyle tells us everything we ever wanted to know about William of Orange. Find us on Facebook (Potent Podables) and Twitter (@potentpodables1). Check out our Patreon (patreon.com/potentpodables). Email us at potentpodablescast@gmail.com. Continue to support social justice movements in your community and our country. www.communityjusticeexchange.org https://www.gofundme.com/c/act/stop-aapi-hate www.rescue.org  www.therebelsproject.org www.abortionfunds.org

In 353 BCE, construction began on an elaborate structure meant to be the final resting place of Mausolus, a member of Persian royalty who ruled the small kingdom of Caria [Car-ia}. The immense temple-like tomb was built on a hill overlooking the city of Halicarnassus. While earthquakes would later destroy this grand monument in the 12th and 15th centuries, it earned the distinction of being considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and Mausolus's name endured as the eponym for the tombs we now refer to as mausoleums. In this episode of Southern Gothic, we discuss what exactly a mausoleum is, the different styles of these tombs, and-- of course-- the most infamously haunted! Help Southern Gothic grow by becoming a Patreon Supporter today! Connect with Southern Gothic Media: Join our New Facebook Group! Website: SouthernGothicMedia.com Merch Store: https://www.southerngothicmedia.com/merch Pinterest: @SouthernGothicMedia Facebook: @SouthernGothicMedia Instagram: @SouthernGothicMedia Twitter: @SoGoPodcast

In 353 BCE, construction began on an elaborate structure meant to be the final resting place of Mausolus, a member of Persian royalty who ruled the small kingdom of Caria [Car-ia}. The immense temple-like tomb was built on a hill overlooking the city of Halicarnassus. While earthquakes would later destroy this grand monument in the 12th and 15th centuries, it earned the distinction of being considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and Mausolus's name endured as the eponym for the tombs we now refer to as mausoleums. In this episode of Southern Gothic, we discuss what exactly a mausoleum is, the different styles of these tombs, and-- of course-- the most infamously haunted! Help Southern Gothic grow by becoming a Patreon Supporter today! Connect with Southern Gothic Media: Join our New Facebook Group! Website: SouthernGothicMedia.com Merch Store: https://www.southerngothicmedia.com/merch Pinterest: @SouthernGothicMedia Facebook: @SouthernGothicMedia Instagram: @SouthernGothicMedia Twitter: @SoGoPodcast

Artemisia I of Caria is one of the earliest recorded tits out women of history. She was the Queen of Halicarnassus hundreds of years before Cleopatra, and midway through the events of the Old Testament. She helped out Persian Emperor Xerxes I battle against the Greeks, and was so impressive Herodotus wrote about her (even though she was a woman).Help for Iran. Some organizations to consider donating to in support of the women of Iran:Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI)Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in IranAmnesty International United for Iran———Support Vulgar History on Patreon Get merch at http://vulgarhistory.store - use code TITSOUT for free U.S. shipping or TITSOUT10 for 10% off your orderReferences:WikipediaBritannica.comhttps://www.worldhistory.org/article/1492/women-in-ancient-persiahttps://www.worldhistory.org/article/927/women-in-ancient-greece/https://www.persianesquemagazine.com/4717/Vulgar History is an affiliate of Bookshop.org, which means that a small percentage of any books you click through and purchase will come back to Vulgar History as a commission. Use this link to shop there and support Vulgar History. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In the second of our series on the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, we leave the Pyramid at Giza and journey to Anatolia to see one of history's most elaborate vanity projects: the Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus. From there we'll go back to Egypt (who planned this trip??) for arguably the most practical and useful of all the seven wonders, The Pharos at Alexandria. Follow us on Twitter @HeretoHistoryAs always, thanks to our producer, Grant Weaver.Music credit Ancient Mystery Waltz, Kevin Macleod

Histories Vol. 1 by Herodotus of Halicarnassus audiobook. The Histories of Herodotus of Halicarnassus is considered the first work of history in Western literature. Written about 440 BC, the Histories tell the story of the war between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states in the 5th century BC. Herodotus traveled extensively around the ancient world, conducting interviews and collecting stories for his book. The rise of the Persian Empire is chronicled, and the causes for the conflict with Greece. Herodotus treats the conflict as an ideological one, frequently contrasting the absolute power of the Persian king with the democratic government of the Greeks. 

Grab your coffee, or your martini - we're back (after a little break for the plague and technology breaking) to bring you a chat about the ladies we don't get to hear about in history class. Women in warfare. Joyce channels the 300 and talks about Artemisia of Halicarnassus, who still ended up having to look after kids. And Nikki talks about Nany of the Maroons, a Jamaican folk hero we should all know about. 

There are many ancient wonders that are still around today. The Tamil Bell is one of them. It is a large bell that was used to summon people. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World are also still around. They are the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. ### - https://theplanetd.com/wonders-of-the-world/ - https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-other-artifacts/tamil-bell-0016522 - https://www.history.com/.amp/topics/ancient-history/seven-wonders-of-the-ancient-world

Kevin Clark's Self-Portrait with Expletives won the Lena-Miles Wever Todd Poetry Series Book Competition. His first full-length collection, In the Evening of No Warning, earned a grant from the Academy of American Poets. In spring 2020, Kevin was selected for a two-year appointment as poet laureate of San Luis Obispo County, California. Recipient of two teaching awards, Clark has written a textbook on writing poetry, The Mind's Eye: A Guide to Writing Poetry. Clark lives with his wife, Amy Hewes, on California's central coast, where he continues to play hardball and city league softball. Stephen F. Austin University Press just published Kevin Clark's third full-length collection, The Consecrations. Find more at: https://kevinclarkpoetry.com/ As always, we'll also include live open lines for responses to our weekly prompt or any other poems you'd like to share. A Zoom link will be provided in the chat window during the show. For links to all the past episodes, visit: https://www.rattle.com/rattlecast/ This Week's Prompt: Write a poem about one of the seven wonders of the world: Great Pyramid of Giza, Colossus of Rhodes, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Lighthouse of Alexandria, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of Artemis. (This is the classic list; feel free to use an updated list that includes different wonders.) Next Week's Prompt: Write a haibun. The haiku's season is spring. The Rattlecast livestreams on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, then becomes an audio podcast. Find it on iTunes, Spotify, or anywhere else you get your podcasts.

Rome seems to be an impasse. Facing war on all fronts and with escalating crisis between the patricians and the plebeians the place of Rome in the Italian world is at the brink. It's 445 BCE and the republic is still young enough to fail. How will Rome face the chaos coming at them from outside while weakened from their own internal conflict? Tune in to find out!Secret MeetingsIn order to get Rome motivated for war, the internal problems need to be resolved first. What better time then for some of the more senior Romans (who also just happen to be patrician) to get together for a clandestine meeting… Some important decisions are reached but despite the secrecy of the meeting, it does not go unnoticed. Is Rome really more of an oligarchy than it likes to think it is?Canuleius' SpeechOn the other side of town, the tribune of the plebs, Gaius Canuelius, is getting fired up about the restrictive marriage laws that are part of the Twelve Tables. And boy does he have a speech to make about it! He digs deep into Rome's history right back to the kings to explain to the plebeians how their exclusion from marriage to patricians is offensive. He explores the way Rome is in a process of constant adaption and change with examples to support his case that excluding plebeians is insupportable.Military Tribunes with Consular PowerIn a time of great struggle innovation becomes a necessity. With Rome facing threats from just about every direction, the consuls won't be able to be everywhere they are needed commanding armies. Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus view the development of military tribunes with consular power as part of the patricians trying to placate the plebeians. But is there more to it than that? We delve into the background of the role, what it means for the structure of Roman governance, and compare the sources on the subject.Tune in forThe suggestion that the plebeians have the right to introduce lawsDastardly plans from the the patriciansSome weighty demands for the repel of the marriage ban and access to governing power for the plebeiansA shocking moment of patricians conceding to the plebeians!Our PlayersConsuls 445 BCEM. Genucius – f. – n. Augurinus – Pat.C. (or Agripp.) Curtius – f. – n. Philo (or Chilo) Pat.Notable PatriciansGaius Claudius, uncle of the infamous Appius ClaudiusTitus Quinctius L. f. L. n. Capitolinus BarbatusL. Valerius P. f. P. n. Potitus (Poplicola?) – Pat.M. Horatius M. f. L. (or P.) n. BarbatusTitus Genucius, the brother of the consul!Tribune of the PlebsC. CanuleiusC. Furnius SourcesDr G reads Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities, 11.55-60.Dr Rad reads Livy ab Urbe Condita 4.2-6.Broughton, T. R. S., Patterson, M. L. 1951. The Magistrates of the Roman Republic Volume 1: 509 B.C. – 100 B.C. (The American Philological Association)Cornell, T. J. 1995. The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000-264 BC) (Taylor & Francis)Forsythe, G. 2006. A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War(University of California Press) For our full show notes and edited transcripts, head on over to https://partialhistorians.com/Support the showPatreonKo-FiRead our booksRex: The Seven Kings of RomeYour Cheeky Guide to the Roman Empire Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Kashiana Singh is a management professional by job classification and a work practitioner by personal preference. Kashiana's TEDx talk was dedicated to Work as Worship. Her poetry collection, Shelling Peanuts and Stringing Words presents her voice as a participant and an observer. Kashiana's latest full-length collection, Woman by the Door, is a knitted collage of poems rooted in lived experiences and saturated with the poet's varied sensibilities and influences. Her poems have been published on various platforms including Poets Reading the News, Visual Verse, Oddball Magazine, Rattle #73, and elsewhere. Kashiana lives in Chicago and carries her various geographical homes within her poetry. Find Kashiana's books and more at: https://kashiana.wordpress.com/ As always, we'll also include live open lines for responses to our weekly prompt or any other poems you'd like to share. A Zoom link will be provided in the chat window during the show. For links to all the past episodes, visit: https://www.rattle.com/rattlecast/ This Week's Prompt: Write a descort poem. A descort is defined by its lack of predictability; no line in the poem should resemble any other line in terms of length and meter, and no lines should rhyme. In other words, each line should be unique. Next Week's Prompt: Write a poem about one of the seven wonders of the world: Great Pyramid of Giza, Colossus of Rhodes, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Lighthouse of Alexandria, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of Artemis. (This is the classic list; feel free to use an updated list that includes different wonders.) The Rattlecast livestreams on YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, then becomes an audio podcast. Find it on iTunes, Spotify, or anywhere else you get your podcasts. 0:00 Welcome 1:10 Tatiana Dolgushina, “When War Makes a Child” 11:10 Featured Guest: Kashiana Singh 1:12:02 Kim Stafford, "Five Poems for Ukraine" 1:24:38 Open Lines 1 1:34:45 Brian Beatty, "Winter Can Go Away" 1:37:35 Open Lines 2 1:55:35 Tim's & Megan's Prompt Poems 1:59:43 Open Lines 3 2:25:10 Sciku, Next Week's Prompt & Guest

The 7 wonders of the ancient world (that's the Colossus of Rhodes, the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Statue of Zeus, the Temple of Artemis, and the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus) have long been a source of inspiration and fascination for us. In this episode, we present our vision for 7 similarly impressive feats of art and engineering that we imagine might characterize a Solacene future. Buy the zines, sign up for field notes, or contact the hosts: www.solacene.org

This week we are going back to witness the birth of history as a written discipline. Our guide on this long journey into the ancient world has spent his life studying and teaching Greek language and culture, but it was when he retired from academia that Professor Roderick Beaton found the time to write the book he had been dreaming about since he first visited Greece as a teenager. The Greeks, A Global History is a masterful, sweeping journey through 3500 years of history that tells the stories of Greek people, their language and their culture. In this episode, Roderick takes us back to the year 447BCE and the moment when Herodotus of Halicarnassus, newly arrived in Athens, sat down and began to write his Histories and in doing so, laid the foundations of the discipline of History itself. As ever, much, much more about this episode is to be found at our website tttpodcast.com. Click here to order Roderick Beaton's The Greeks: A Global History from John Sandoe's who, we are delighted to say, are supplying books for the podcast. Show Notes Scene One: Herodotus of Halicarnassus arrives in Athens and begins writing his monumental Histories. Scene Two: Pericles, the many-times elected statesman of the Athenian democracy, persuades his fellow-citizens to embark on a huge and controversial building programme on the Acropolis of Athens. Scene Three: Outside the small town of Coronea, an Athenian expeditionary force is defeated by the city's neighbours, the Boeotians. The defeat marks the beginning of division of the ancient Greek world into blocs led by Athens and Sparta, and is the harbinger of the Peloponnesian War in which the Greek city-states fought themselves to exhaustion and stalemate. Memento: One of the rolled scrolls on which Herodotus wrote his Histories. People/Social Presenter: Violet Moller Guest: Roderick Beaton Production: Maria Nolan Podcast partner: Unseen Histories Follow us on Twitter: @tttpodcast_ Or on Facebook See where 447 BCE fits on our Timeline 

So recently one of my works got Award for Best soundtrack at Halicarnassus film festival, Turkey. Apparently, that award was stolen so this story is about how I got my award back

The New Testament begins after 400 years of silence. It would have been a time when the church was asking: Where is God? It also begins during a historically significant time in Roman history. Rome had been entrenched in centuries of warfare and imperial expansion until Caesar Augustus ushered in 200 years of peace, known as the Pax Romana. The people were asking: Who needs God? In light of history, we are insignificant and powerless, yet we remain full of self-sufficient pride. God orchestrates history to fulfill his redemptive purpose through a humble Messiah. Pray and Read Luke 2:1-7. Luke seems to have collected the material for these opening chapters through long conversations with Mary. It is revealing what he shares about history's most significant birth. A Sovereign Messiah (1-3) “All the world” (1) refers to Roman occupied territory. This reflects the proud hyperbole of Rome. Octavian became the sole ruler of Rome and transitioned the republic into an empire. The Roman Senate voted to name him “Augustus”, which means “eminent”, “majestic”, even “holy” or “revered”. After the death of Julius Caesar, Augustus referred to his adoptive father as divine, thus labeling himself as “son of god” and an inscription at Halicarnassus refers to him as the “savior of the whole world.” Imperial worship was ramping up and quickly becoming the accepted religion, which, later on, posed grave challenges for the early church. Verse 2 presents a historical problem. This census most likely took place between 6-4 BC, but Josephus dates Quirinius' governorship of Syria in 6/7 AD. How do we account for the difference of 10-13 years? A few solutions have been proposed. The ESV Footnote suggests “when” could be translated as “before”. However, this does not have good grammatical support. Another option is that the census was merely a local one that effected the inhabitants of Israel, but was part of a large-scale and long-lasting attempt to gather statistics for taxation purposes. Josephus' dating could be wrong. I trust an inspired Luke over an uninspired historian (who, incidentally, made other recorded mistakes). There really is not a simple or obvious explanation for the discrepancy. Maybe some additional archeological evidence will corroborate Luke in the future. However, we should confidently confess that Scripture's testimony is clear and trustworthy. Whether Josephus is wrong, or extra-biblical history is lacking, we should readily adopt Luke's account as the infallible record on the matter. The bigger point is Luke's contrast of two kingdoms. The kingdom of Rome, with all of its earthly glory is about to be infiltrated by a heavenly kingdom, that enters the region in relative obscurity. God used the pseudo-savior of the world to contribute to the fulfillment of his redemptive purposes. The One True God ordained a Roman census to bring about the birth of the One True Savior of the World, Jesus Christ! We have a Messiah who is Sovereign. He directs kings and rulers—including those who set themselves up as gods—as if they are pawns on a chessboard. Whereas Augustus and Quirinius thought they were expanding their power, in reality, God was using them to lay the foundations of His kingdom. God orchestrated events in such a way that Mary, a pregnant virgin from Nazareth in Galilee (Lk 1:26-27), would end up in Bethlehem—“the city of David”—at the time when she would deliver her child. Luke set out to write his gospel to provide his readers “certainty concerning the things you have been taught” (Lk 1:4). He provides dates and names and the details of events to give believers evidence that supports their faith and hope. How do these verses serve that goal?  These verses provide us with the certainty that—even when wicked rulers make inconvenient decrees—God “works all things according to the counsel of his will” (Eph. 1:11). God turns what men intend for evil and uses it for...

In an epic turn of events, Rome finds herself deep in 449 BCE. Appius Claudius may be dead, but what happens next? We're here to find out! Importantly, some of our key players in the plebeian set find themselves upgraded to the status of tribune of the plebs. Episode 119 - The Triumphant Return of the Consulship The end of Spurius Oppius It's not just Appius Claudius who finds himself in trouble after the end of the decemvirate. Spurius Oppius, another decemvir also finds himself in a spot of bother. Publius Numatorius - tribune of the plebs, maternal uncle of Verginia, leds the cause against Spurius Oppius. Livy has Oppius embroiled in a terrible affair involving a loyal solider of Rome while Dionysius of Halicarnassus has a much more speedy account of Spurius Oppius' ultimate fate. It may not be surprising to hear that the rest of the decemivirs realise they need to find their way out of Rome! The Consulship Returns The moderate patricians Lucius Valerius Potitus and Marcus Horatius Barbatus have managed to pass a range of laws that help support stability in the City. To catch up on the action of this front, check out Episode 118. But now that the major crises have passed, Rome begins to look outwards. It turns out that Rome's neighbours have noted their preoccupation with internal politics. The time has come for Rome to take a stand. Valerius takes a force against the Volscians and the Aequians. Horatius also takes out a force against the Sabines. We delve into the details of the strategies deployed by the Roman commanders. Both consuls and their forces make an excellent showing on the battlefield and return home with high expectations of a triumph or two. What are the Tribunes up to? As the year 449 BCE unfolds some of tribunes behaviour starts to garner suspicions. Is it just the case that groups of ten men now look a little shady to Romans in general? Or is there a new grab for power happening? The tribune Marcus Duilius may have some of the answers... Things to listen out for A soldier scourged The quaestores parricidiiThe amazing returning bootySome very interesting fracas about triumphsTribunes acting suspiciously...A new buddy system for tribunes Our Players The Decemvirs Appius Claudius. Ap. f. M. n. Crassus Inregillensis Sabinus Pat – Cos. 471, 451Spurius Oppius CornicenQuintus Fabius M. f. M. n. Vibulanus Pat – Cos. 467, 465, 459Quintus Poetelius Libo VisolusManius RabuleiusMarcus Cornelius – f. Ser. n. Maluginenesis PatLucius Minucius P. f. M. n. Esquilinus Augurinus Pat – Cos. 458Marcus? Sergius Esquilinus PatTitus Antonius MerendaCaeso Duillius Longus? The Senators Lucius Valerius PotitusMarcus Horatius Barbatus The Verginii and Supporters Verginia – a Roman maiden, murdered by her father in order to protect her from the lust of Appius ClaudiusVerginius – father of Verginia and newly elected tribune of the plebsPublius Numitorius – Verginia's maternal uncle and newly elected tribune of the plebsLucius(?) Icilius – Verginia's betrothedand newly elected tribune of the plebs Tribunes of the Plebs, 449 BCE Lucius VerginiusLucius Icilius (who had served as a tribune previously)Publius NumitoriusGaius Sicinius – son of the man who was first tribune chosen on Sacred Mount (L?.Sicinius)Marcus Duillius (who had served as a tribune previously)Marcus TitiniusMarcus PomponiusGaius AproniusAppius VilliusGaius Oppius Other Notables Gaius Claudius – uncle of Appius Claudius Sources Dr G reads Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities 11.46-50Dr Rad reads Livy ab Urbe Condita 3.58-64 Joseph Désiré Court 1864. The Martyrdom of Saint Agnes. Not historically aligned with the year we're examining but a very evocative imagining of Rome.

Get the featured cocktail recipe: Rum Rumaway Shiver me timbers! This week's epi features lawyer turned author and pirate, Laura Sook Duncombe, whose work uncovers the bounty of female pirates history has long ignored. From Grace O'Malley, who terrorized shipping operations around the British Isles during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, to the earliest known female pirate, Queen Artemisia I of Halicarnassus, who plundered Greek and Persian ships around 500 BCE. Laura helps us scallywags find our sea legs as we have much to learn from these powerful women who came from all walks of life but had one thing in common: a desire for freedom. Looking for the best cocktail to accompany you while you listen. Then head over to our library of libations for the right recipe to get you in the mood. Don't forget to follow, download and review to share your thoughts about the show! The Designated Drinker Show is produced by Missing Link—a podcast media company that is dedicated to connecting people to intelligent, engaging and informative content. Also in the Missing Link line-up of podcasts, is Rodger That—a podcast dedicated to guiding you through the haze of dementia led by skilled caregivers, Bobbi and Mike Carducci. Now, if you are looking for a whole new way to enjoy the theatre, check out Between Acts—an immersive audio theatre podcast experience. Each episode takes you on a spellbinding journey through the works of newfound playwrights—from dramas to comedies and everything in between.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Greek writer known as the father of histories, dubbed by his detractors as the father of lies. Herodotus (c484 to 425 BC or later) was raised in Halicarnassus in modern Turkey when it was part of the Persian empire and, in the years after the Persian Wars, set about an inquiry into the deep background to those wars. He also aimed to preserve what he called the great and marvellous deeds of Greeks and non-Greeks, seeking out the best evidence for past events and presenting the range of evidence for readers to assess. Plutarch was to criticise Herodotus for using this to promote the least flattering accounts of his fellow Greeks, hence the 'father of lies', but the depth and breadth of his Histories have secured his reputation from his lifetime down to the present day. With Tom Harrison Professor of Ancient History at the University of St Andrews Esther Eidinow Professor of Ancient History at the University of Bristol And Paul Cartledge A. G. Leventis Senior Research Fellow at Clare College, University of Cambridge Producer: Simon Tillotson

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Greek writer known as the father of histories, dubbed by his detractors as the father of lies. Herodotus (c484 to 425 BC or later) was raised in Halicarnassus in modern Turkey when it was part of the Persian empire and, in the years after the Persian Wars, set about an inquiry into the deep background to those wars. He also aimed to preserve what he called the great and marvellous deeds of Greeks and non-Greeks, seeking out the best evidence for past events and presenting the range of evidence for readers to assess. Plutarch was to criticise Herodotus for using this to promote the least flattering accounts of his fellow Greeks, hence the 'father of lies', but the depth and breadth of his Histories have secured his reputation from his lifetime down to the present day. With Tom Harrison Professor of Ancient History at the University of St Andrews Esther Eidinow Professor of Ancient History at the University of Bristol And Paul Cartledge A. G. Leventis Senior Research Fellow at Clare College, University of Cambridge Producer: Simon Tillotson

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Greek writer known as the father of histories, dubbed by his detractors as the father of lies. Herodotus (c484 to 425 BC or later) was raised in Halicarnassus in modern Turkey when it was part of the Persian empire and, in the years after the Persian Wars, set about an inquiry into the deep background to those wars. He also aimed to preserve what he called the great and marvellous deeds of Greeks and non-Greeks, seeking out the best evidence for past events and presenting the range of evidence for readers to assess. Plutarch was to criticise Herodotus for using this to promote the least flattering accounts of his fellow Greeks, hence the 'father of lies', but the depth and breadth of his Histories have secured his reputation from his lifetime down to the present day. With Tom Harrison Professor of Ancient History at the University of St Andrews Esther Eidinow Professor of Ancient History at the University of Bristol And Paul Cartledge A. G. Leventis Senior Research Fellow at Clare College, University of Cambridge Producer: Simon Tillotson

Growing up one of my favorite subject of discourse was history, ancient history and one such history is the wonders of the world; seven wonders of world as they were presented and are still presented both in classical and contemporary history lines and narratives. Their names are as follows;·         Great Pyramid of Giza, in El Giza, Egypt, the earliest of the wonders to be completed, as well as the only one that still exists in the present day.·         Colossus of Rhodes, in the harbor of the city of Rhodes, on the Greek island of the same name.·         Hanging Gardens of Babylon, in Babylon, near present-day Hillah, Babil province, Iraq.·         Lighthouse of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt.·         Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, in Halicarnassus, a city of the Achaemenid Empire in present-day Turkey.·         Statue of Zeus at Olympia, in Olympia, Greece.·         Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, in the city of Ephesus, near present-day Selçuk, Turkey.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonders_of_the_WorldA careful look at these wonders, one will come to see that they are testaments of the evolution of man with regard to knowledge, understanding and its application in building civilizations. Obviously, it also reveals man ingenuity in figuring out ways of building and constructing riding on given discipline of studies that have been established on empirically proven concepts and ideas.I asked myself rhetorically, what is the wonder? The mind from which the creations emanated from or the creations itself? Obviously the creator is greater than the creation and the creation is an expression of the creator's passion, love and value for being, because everything evolves and revolves around the creator, in this context Mankind.In this 37th episode of the Word Cafe, we take a peep into the Wonders of the word. Looking at the classical ones and leading unto the Contemporary ones. The focus here is the endless creative ethos of mankind that has transcended countless generations and its end will not come as long as we long for better ways of living, yes doing things and completing that task, we will always engage the mind of our spirit and the spirit of our minds to come up with new innovations and inventions.Man is the wonder, an extension of the WonderfuSupport the show

Beginnings are important, and in this episode, we delve deep into the first sentence of the Histories. In it, Herodotus identifies himself, gives his reasons for writing, and lays out his topic. A close reading, however, brings out a ton of nuance.  Here's the first sentence in its entirety: "This is the presentation of the inquiry of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, so that the things accomplished by human beings not be erased by time, and so that great and marvelous works, some produced by Greeks and some by non-Greeks, not be without fame, and, among other things, especially for what reason the two groups fought with each other."

Todays episodes sponsor is Hello FreshHead to Hello Fresh here to receive $80 Discount ($50 - $20 - $10) Including Free Shipping on your First Box! with the code HFAFF80Todays book recommendation is Landmark Herodotus “Herodotus of Halicarnassus here presents his research so that human events do not fade with time. May the great and wonderful deeds – some brought forth by the Hellenes, others by the barbarians – not go unsung; as well as the causes that led them to make war on each other.”Herodotus, ProemThese are the opening lines from the oldest surviving work of history in the western world and would open so much more than just an account of the Greek and Persian wars.In this first episode on Herodotus, we will look at who Herodotus was, as much as the known information lets us. We will also turn to looking at what his ambitious work, the Histories would cover. There is so much more than just a historical account, with geography, anthropology, ethnography, folklore and even hints of Philosophy.His work would be broken up into nine books into the medieval period, each book denoting a scroll that the Histories was originally written on. Within these books would be many digressions that Herodotus would become well known for and where we see many of the elements that would make this so much more than a history come into play.We also look at the potential sources Herodotus would have used, from written accounts, his enquires and his own observations. We take for granted the process of gathering sources today, but back 2500 years ago there would have been a number of hurdles for someone seeking reason for events in the past.   Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/castingthroughancientgreece)

We discuss the seven canonical wonders of the ancient world: The Pyramids of Giza, Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Light House of Alexandria, Colossus of Rhodes, and the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus.  Were they all historically factual sites?  What remains of them today?  Answers in the podcast.

In his account of Xerxes' invasion of Greece, the historian Herodotus goes out of his way to give an account of Artemisia, female tyrant of Halicarnassus, before, during and in the aftermath of the battle Salamis in 480 BC. This account, and Artemisia herself, are remarkable for a variety of reasons but the idea of a woman commander, one as clever as a man, had a great impact on the ancient world. Dur: 24mins File: .mp3

The story of Verginia is an achingly tragic tale central to understanding the Second Decemvirate. Both Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus go into some detail about what happens and how it unfolds and we'll explore both accounts to compare and contrast them.

Hop in the time machine baby, we're taking a trip to take a gander at the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. What mysteries will they all contain? Time will tell... (almost 4,000 years of time, to be exact).In this episode we cover what the wonders actually are, why they're so special and who came up with the list. All before diving into a mystery around each and every wonder. Buckle in, there's a lot to explore! Use the time codes below to skip ahead or revisit your favourite parts.2,584 BC: Great Pyramid of Giza (11min55secs)600 BC: Hanging Gardens of Babylon (21min07sec)550 BC: Temple of Artemis at Ephesus (26min53sec)425 BC: Statue of Zeus at Olympia (32min12sec)351 BC: Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (40min46sec)292 BC: Colossus of Rhodes (47min42sec)280 BC: Lighthouse of Alexandria (54min36sec)

The Great Pyramid of Giza. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Colossus of Rhodes. The Lighthouse of Alexandria. The Temple of Artemis. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. These are just SOME of the wonders we go over today. Get ready to want to explore the world. We are so surrounded by so many impressive man-made monuments. And also so much natural beauty - we also look at the seven natural wonders of the world today. And we look at the new seven wonders of the world. And at even more wonders. We also examine a lot of strange theories some questionable folk on the internet have postulated about many of these wonders in numerous Idiots of the Internet segments. Enjoy all this wonder!  June charity TBD as of this recording date.  Watch the Suck on YouTube: https://youtu.be/X42vSfTEGbU Merch  - https://badmagicmerch.com/   Discord! https://discord.gg/tqzH89v Want to join the Cult of the Curious private Facebook Group? Go directly to Facebook and search for "Cult of the Curious" in order to locate whatever current page hasn't been put in FB Jail :) For all merch related questions/problems: store@badmagicproductions.com (copy and paste) Please rate and subscribe on iTunes and elsewhere and follow the suck on social media!! @timesuckpodcast on IG and http://www.facebook.com/timesuckpodcast Wanna become a Space Lizard? We're over 10,000 strong! Click here: https://www.patreon.com/timesuckpodcast  Sign up through Patreon and for $5 a month you get to listen to the Secret Suck, which will drop Thursdays at Noon, PST. You'll also get 20% off of all regular Timesuck merch PLUS access to exclusive Space Lizard merch. You get to vote on two Monday topics each month via the app. And you get the download link for my new comedy album, Feel the Heat. Check the Patreon posts to find out how to download the new album and take advantage of other benefits. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This short episode covers the statue of Zeus and the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

A new season starts. Episode 26, Season 5. "Don't sacrifice the Storyteller." Imagine you create a theater company. You decide to bring to life an ancient poem called the Battle of the Frogs and Mice. You hold auditions, and you study the ancient storytellers called the Rhapsodoi. Picking out the best storytellers and musicians you travel to the 21st century version of the Dionysia, one of the world's largest art festivals The Fringe in Edinburgh, Scotland. Amongst the hubbub of musicians, artists, jugglers, comedians you perform your play in the mayhem of an artistic frenzy. Episode 26, Season 5 is an adventure story. This podcast it titled: "Don't sacrifice the Storyteller.' CAST OF CHARACTERS 1. Andrew, flame haired 2. Hayley, the crowd gatherer 3. Howard, the hairy faced teller of Tales 4. David, bringer of resonance 5. Louise, organizer of fun The members of Helicon Story Telling Theatrical productions brings to Ancient Rome Refocused a story of taking a parody of the ancient epic poem and bringing it to Edinburgh. This podcast is a serious discussion of the ancient world, and the technical aspects of putting on a play. Through their own words the producers, actors and the musician tell of an adventure. This podcast is a discussion of the arts, music, and the world of theater. Bonus material is provided with a discussion of Milman Parry, the American scholar of epic poetry, and KLEOS, the ancient concept of eternal fame. What is this poem. Once upon a time there was a poem that told about a war between the Frogs and the Mice. Someone in ancient antiquity decided to tell a tall tail (ha, you don't know how long I've been waiting to use that) tale about a war that took place between frogs and mice in the pond. Batrachomyomachia is how you say it in Greek. Can you say Batrachomyomachia? I had to practice. BA-TRA-CHO-MY-O-MACH-I-A Who wrote it? Some say Homer. Some accounts say that Alexander the Great even mentioned the poem. Pigres of Halicarnassus? Take your pick. This poem has been translated through centuries. It has recently regained interest on this side of the new millennia. Don't think Saturday Morning TV. It reads like a Greek Epic, narrated through Homeric passages with plenty of gore. Animals acting like humans, is a device well-known to any writer. The Battle of the Frogs and Mice was not originally intended as children's entertainment - WHEN FIRST SPOKEN BY THE WANDERING RHAPSODOI, as their audience leaned on the couches or sat cross-legged by the fire. Each listener in those times must have heard a tale or two of the mouse removing the thorn from the lion's paw, or the story of the tortoise and the hare. Imagine hearing these familiar tales for the first time. This was 'man on the street' philosophy. This is called ANTHROPOMORPHISM, human psychology at its best – see ourselves through others. Great thoughts, made digestible when presented at a distance by frogs and mice in some land off yonder – even if it’s the pond -in ONCE UPON A TIME. Animals have appeared in prose, poetry and history by writers such as Homer, Aexop, Herodotus, Lucretius, Oppian, Ovid, Diodorus Siculus and Dio Cassius. This plot device is done today in such works as: Watership Down, The Rats of Nimh, and Animal Farm – all are examples of the art. In "Don't kill the Storyteller" the participants have been paired with epithets to denote characteristics much like the fleet-foot Achilles. They chose their own epithet, which denotes an interesting psychological angle to this show. What would you choose? In the ancient poem, the army of mice brandish names such as Grain plunderer, Bread eater, licker of meal, Cheese scooper, and Bacon tooth, and on the other side of the battle-line the frogs sport names like Puff Jaw, Mud legs, loud brawler, cabbage eater, water lover, and CROACK-SPITTLE. Of course, many of these name are the result of translation. Here is the plot of the play. Names and plotline can change with different sources: The mouse prigcheese stops on the shore of a pond, to slack his thirst. The queen Chubbycheek, the Queen of the frogs offers the tired mouse a ride on its back. Under the law of Hospitality the frog offers the mouse all manner of food and drink, including a ride on her back across the pond. A water snake raise its ugly head and Chubbycheek dives below the waves to escape the creature. Prigcheese drowns. A mouse witnesses the horrifying event, and a war counsel is held. NIbbleloaf the father of the victim, demands revenge, and war is declared against the frogs. The herald Lickpot is charged with entering enemy territory to declare war on the frogs. Every good old time war starts with a herald declaring the injustices and the justifications for slaughter. The battle takes place. The telling in graphic detail. The frogs loose, but loose gloriously, and the Gods intercede. The Gods send the crabs and both sides retreat. A war concluded in a day. Of course its all who is telling the tale. Maybe the mice and frogs join forces and rout the evil snakes from the pond. If you wish to contact the participants of this podcast see the list below: Haley Russell, known as 'crowd-gatherer' can be contacted at: heliconstorytelling@outlook.com https://heliconstorytelling.com/ Andrew Hulse, known as 'flame-haired' can be contacted at: heliconstorytelling@outlook.com https://heliconstorytelling.com/ David Denyer, known as 'bringer of resonance' can be contacted at: http://www.daviddenyermusic.co.uk/ Howard Horner, known as 'hairy-face weaver of words' can be contacted at: Howardhorner.actor@gmail.com Louise Farnall, known as 'organizer of fun' can be contacted at: heliconstorytelling@outlook.com https://heliconstorytelling.com/ or at the professional networking site LINKEDIN.

Explore the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus and part 5 of 7 of the 7 Ancient Wonders

Sponges are some 8,000 species of animals that grow in the sea that lack tissues and organs. Fossil records go back over 500 million years and they are found throughout the world. Two types of sponges are soft and can be used to hold water that can then be squeezed out or used to clean. Homer wrote about using Sponges as far back as the 7th century BCE, in the Odyssey. Hephaestus cleaned his hands with one - much as you and I do today.  Aristotle, Plato, the Romans, even Jesus Christ all discussed cleaning with sponges. And many likely came from places like the Greek island of Kalymnos, where people have harvested and cultivated sponges in the ocean since that time. They would sail boats with glass bottoms looking for sponges and then dive into the water, long before humans discovered diving equipment, carrying a weight, cut the sponge and toss it into a net. Great divers could stay on the floor of the sea for up to 5 minutes.  Some 2,600 years after Homer, diving for sponges was still very much alive and well in the area. The people of Kalymnos have been ruled by various Greek city states, the Roman Empire, the Byzantines, Venetians, and still in 1900, the Ottomans. Archaeologist Charles Newton had excavated a Temple of Apollo on the island in the 1850s just before he'd then gone to Turkey to excavate one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, built by Mausolus - such a grand tomb that we still call buildings that are tombs mausoleums in his honor, to this day. But 1900 was the dawn of a new age. Kalymnos had grown to nearly 1,000 souls. Proud of their Greek heritage, the people of the island didn't really care what world power claimed their lands. They carved out a life in the sea, grew food and citrus, drank well, made head scarfs, and despite the waning Ottomon rule, practiced Orthodox Christianity.  The sponges were still harvested from the floor of the sea rather than made from synthetic petroleum products. Captain Dimitrios Kontos and his team of sponge divers are sailing home from a successful run to the Symi island, just as they'd done for thousands of years, when someone spots something. They were off the coast of Antikythera, another Greek island that has been inhabited since the 4th or 5th millennia BCE, which had been a base for Cilician pirates from the 4th to 1st centuries BCE and at the time the southern most point in Greece. They dove down and after hearing stories from the previous archaeological expedition, knew they were on to something. Something old. They brought back a few smaller artifacts like a bronze arm - as proof of their find, noting the seabed was littered with statues that looked like corpses.  They recorded the location and returned home. They went to the Greek government in Athens, thinking they might get a reward for the find, where Professor Ikonomu took them to meet with the Minister of Education, Spyriodon, Stais. He offered to have his divers bring up the treasure in exchange for pay equal to the value of the plunder and the Greek government sent a ship to help winch up the treasures.  They brought up bronze and marble statues, and pottery. When they realized the haul was bigger than they thought, the navy sent a second ship. They used diving suits, just as those were emerging technology. One diver died. The ship turned out to be over 50 meters and the wreckage strewn across 300 meters.  The shipwreck happened somewhere between 80 and 50 BCE. It was carrying cargo from Asia Minor probably to Rome, sank not by pirates, which had just recently been cleared from the area but likely crashed during a storm. There are older shipwrecks, such as the Dokos from around 2200 BCE and just 60 miles east of Sparta, but few have given up as precious of cargo. We still don't know how the ship came to be where it was but there is speculation that it was sailing from Rhodes to Rome, for a parade marking victories of Julius Caesar. Everything brought up went on to live at the National Museum of Archaeology in Athens. There were fascinating treasures to be cataloged and so it isn't surprising that between the bronze statues, the huge marble statues of horses, glassware, and other Greek treasures that a small corroded bronze lump in a wooden box would go unloved. That is, until archaeologist Valerios Stais noticed a gear wheel in it.  He thought it must belong to an ancient clock, but that was far too complex for the Greeks. Or was it? It is well documented that Archimedes had been developing the use of gearwheels. And Hero of Alexandria had supposedly developed a number of great mechanical devices while at the Library of Alexandria.  Kalymnos was taken by Italians in the Italo-Turkish War in 1912. World War I came and went. After the war, the Ottoman Empire fell and with Turkish nationalists taking control, they went to war with Greece. The Ottoman Turks killed between 750,000 and 900,000 Greeks. The Second Hellenic Republic came and went. World War II came and went. And Kylamnos was finally returned to Greece from Italy. With so much unrest, archeology wasn't on nearly as many minds.  But after the end of World War II, a British historian of science who was teaching at Yale at the time, took interest in the device. His name was Derek de Solla Price. In her book, Decoding the Heavens, Jo Marchant takes us through a hundred year journey where scientists and archaeologists use the most modern technology available to them at the time to document the device and publish theories as to what it could have been used for. This began with drawings and moved into X-ray technology becoming better and more precise with each generation. And this mirrors other sciences. We make observations, or theories, as to the nature of the universe only to be proven right or wrong when the technology of the next generation uncovers more clues. It's a great book and a great look at the history of archaeology available in different stages of the 19th century.  She tells of times before World War II, when John Svoronos and Adolf Wilhelm uncovered the first inscriptions and when Pericles Redials was certain the device was a navigational instrument used to sail the ship. She tells of Theophanidis publishing a theory it might be driven by a water clock in 1934. She weaves in Jeaques Cousteau and Maria Savvatianou and Gladys Weinberg and Peter Throckmorton and Price and Wang Ling and Arthur C. Clarke and nuclear physicist Charalambos Karakolos and Judith Field and Michael Wright and Allan Bromley and Alan Crawley and Mike Edmunds and Tony Freeth and Nastulus, a tenth century astronomer in Baghdad. Reverse engineering the 37 gears took a long time. I mean, figuring up the number of teeth per gear, how they intersected, what drove them, and then trying to figure out why this prime number or what calendar cycle this other thing might have represented. Because the orbit isn't exactly perfect and the earth is tilted and all kinds of stuff. Each person unraveled their own piece and it's a fantastic journey through history and discovery.  So read the book and we'll skip to what exactly the Antikypthera Device was. Some thought it an astrolabe, which had begun use around 200 BCE - and which measured the altitude of the sun or stars to help sailors navigate the seas. Not quite. Some theorized it was a clock, but not the kind we use to tell time today. More to measure aspects of the celestial bodies than minutes.  After generations of scientists studied it, most of the secrets of the device are now known. We know it was an orrery - a mechanical model of the solar system. It was an analog computer, driven by a crank, and predicted the positions of various celestial bodies and when eclipses would occur many, many decades in advance - and on a 19 year cycle that was borrowed from cultures far older than the Greeks. The device would have had some kind of indicator, like gems or glass orbs that moved around representing the movements of Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, Saturn, and Venus. It showed the movements of the sun and moon, representing the 365 days of the year as a solar calendar and the 19-year lunar cycle inherited from the Babylonians - and those were plotted relative to the zodiac, or 12 constellations. It forecast eclipses and the color of each eclipse. And phases of the moon. Oh and for good measure it also tracked when the Olympic Games were held.  About that one more thing with calculating the Olympiad - One aspect of the device that I love, and most clockwork devices in fact, is the analogy that can be made to a modern micro service architecture in software design. Think of a wheel in clockwork. Then think of each wheel being a small service or class of code. That triggers the next and so-on. The difference being any service could call any other and wouldn't need a shaft or the teeth of only one other wheel to interact - or even differential gearing.  Reading the story of decoding the device, it almost feels like trying to decode someone else's code across all those services.  I happen to believe that most of the stories of gods are true. Just exaggerated a bit. There probably was a person named Odin with a son named Thor or a battle of the Ten Kings in India. I don't believe any of them were supernatural but that over time their legends grew. Those legends often start to include that which the science of a period cannot explain. The more that science explains, the less of those legends, or gods, that we need. And here's the thing. I don't think something like this just appears out of nowhere. It's not the kind of thing a lone actor builds in a workshop in Rhodes. It's the kind of device that evolves over time. One great crafter adds another idea and another philosopher influences another. There could have been a dozen or two dozen that evolved over time, the others lost to history. Maybe melted down to forge bronze weapons, hiding in a private collection, or sitting in a shipwreck or temple elsewhere, waiting to be discovered.  The Greek philosopher Thales was said to have built a golden orb. Hipparchus of Rhodes was a great astronomer. The Antikythera device was likely built between 200 and 100 BC, when he would have been alive. Was he consulted on during the creation, or involved? Between Thales and Hipparchus, we got Archimedes, Euclid, Pythagoras, Aristotle, Philo, Ctesibius, and so many others. Their books would be in the Library of Alexandria for anyone to read. You could learn of the increasingly complicated Ctesibius water clocks along with their alarms or the geometry of Euclid or the inventions of Philo. Or you could read about how Archimedes continued that work and added a chime.  We can assign the device to any of them - or its' heritage. And we can assume that as with legends of the gods, it was an evolution of science, mathematics, and engineering. And that the science and technology wasn't lost, as has been argued, but instead moved around as great thinkers moved around. Just as the water clock had been in use since nearly 4000 BCE in modern day India and China and become increasingly complicated over time until the Greeks called them clepsydra and anaphoric clocks. Yet replacing water with gears wasn't considered for awhile. Just as it took Boolean algebra and flip-flop circuits to bring us into the age of binary and then digital computing.  The power of these analog computers could have allowed for simple mathematic devices, like deriving angles or fractions when building. But given that people gotta' eat and ancient calculation devices and maps of the heavens helped guide when to plant crops, that was first in the maslovian hierarchy of technological determinism.  So until our next episode consider this: what technology is lying dormant at the bottom of the sea in your closet. Buried under silt but waiting to be dug up by intrepid divers and put into use again, in a new form. What is the next generation of technical innovation for each of the specialties you see? Maybe it helps people plant crops more effectively, this time using digital imagery to plot where to place a seed. Or maybe it's to help people zero in on information that matters or open trouble tickets more effectively or share their discoveries or claim them or who knows - but I look forward to finding out what you come up with and hopefully some day telling the origin story of that innovation!

It's 453 BCE and just as Rome seems to be heading towards a legal milestone disaster strikes: it's a plague! Now plagues are terrible, of that there is no doubt, but how does this influence the path to codification? We're here to find out. Episode 108 - Plague and Politics The Character of the Plague It is hard to identify the plague with certainty. What is clear from our later written sources is that the collective memory recalls this plague as highly contagious with the capacity to leap between species. People caught it but so too did some of the animals that people worked closely with. The origin of the plague and how it eventually came to an end are lost to us. In lieu of strong osteoarchaeological evidence, it is possible to interpret this plague as a shared idea of opposition to the codification of the laws, which the elites likely saw as infringing upon their power. Both Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus focus on the devastating consequences of the plague. Things to listen out for: The horrific death tollThe Aequians!The issue with the harvest With 453 BCE wholly occupied with pestilence and its effects, everyone still standing is hoping for a better time in 452 BCE... The Athenian Junket Returns! Lucky for Rome, the plague does not go so far as Athens. The delegates sent out to find out about the law codes that others have produced return with some new ideas. There are some odd things about our narrative accounts though which Dr Rad delves into. Some pertinent questions: Why would the Romans go all the way to Athens?What are the law codes of the Greeks like? Do the Twelve Tables really suggest a Greek influence?What might our narrative accounts gain by suggesting a connection with Greece at this point? Rome's Heading into Uncertain Territory It's fair to say that our narrative sources leave us somewhat dissatisfied. Our sources inspire less confidence the further we move into the Struggle of the Orders. Who are the patricians? Who are the plebeians? How were these demarcations understood by the Romans?Do our writers from the late Republican period really have a clear handle on what happened in the past? Will the Twelve Tables live up to the suspense? Only time will tell... Thomas Cole The Course of Empire. Desolation 1836. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Our Players in 453BCE Consuls Publius Curiatus — f. — n. Fistus Trigeminus (Pat)Sextus Quinctilius Sex f. P. n. 'Varus' (Pat) Suffect Consul Spurius Furius Medullinus Fusus (cos. 464 BCE) (Pat) Flamen Quirinalus Servius Cornelius Augur C. Horatius Pulvillus Our Players in 452 BCE Consuls Gaius/Lucius/Titus (?) Menenius Agripp. f. Agripp. n. Lanatus (Pat)Publius Sestius Q. f. Vibi. n. Capito(linus?) Vaticanus (Pat) Consular Nominations Appius Claudius Ap. f. M. n. Crassus Inrigillenssis Sabinus (Pat)Titus Genucius L. f. L. n. Augurinus (Pat) Our Sources Dr Rad reads Livy ab urbe condita 3.32Dr G reads Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities 10.53-54 Sound Credits A big shout out to Ancient History Hound, whose work we recommend Musical interlude and final credits: Bettina Joy de GuzmanAdditional sound effects: Freesound (User bone666138)

Bonus Material from Episode 23 (S4). Morgan Taubert decides to write a letter to Herodotus, the Father of History. The late fifth-century BC historian Thucydides, has accused him of making up stories for entertainment. However, Herodotus states that he is merely reporting what he has seen and been told, on several occasions saying that he does not himself believe the story that he reports. Herodotus (/hɪˈrɒdətəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἡρόδοτος, Hēródotos, Attic Greek pronunciation: [hɛː.ró.do.tos]; c. 484 – c. 425 BC) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey). He is known for having written the book The Histories (Greek: Ἱστορίαι Historíai), a detailed record of his "inquiry" (ἱστορία historía) on the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars. He is widely considered to have been the first writer to have treated historical subjects using a method of systematic investigation—specifically, by collecting his materials and then critically arranging them into an historiographic narrative. On account of this, he is often referred to as "The Father of History," a title first conferred on him by the first-century BC Roman orator Cicero.

Bonus Material from Episode 23 (S4). Morgan Taubert decides to write a letter to Herodotus, the Father of History. The late fifth-century BC historian Thucydides, has accused him of making up stories for entertainment. However, Herodotus states that he is merely reporting what he has seen and been told, on several occasions saying that he does not himself believe the story that he reports. Herodotus (/hɪˈrɒdətəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἡρόδοτος, Hēródotos, Attic Greek pronunciation: [hɛː.ró.do.tos]; c. 484 – c. 425 BC) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey). He is known for having written the book The Histories (Greek: Ἱστορίαι Historíai), a detailed record of his "inquiry" (ἱστορία historía) on the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars. He is widely considered to have been the first writer to have treated historical subjects using a method of systematic investigation—specifically, by collecting his materials and then critically arranging them into an historiographic narrative. On account of this, he is often referred to as "The Father of History," a title first conferred on him by the first-century BC Roman orator Cicero.

We jump into 454 BCE where we start to see the consequences of the events of the previous year play out. It's hard to get away from our "Roman Achilles" who, in his position as plebeian tribune, levels a charge of "injuring the state" against the former consul Romilius. This sets up a cascade of interesting incidents. Episode 107 - Let the Codification Begin There's little agreement between our major written sources for this year. Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus diverge in much of the details even though they hit upon some shared touchstones. But this is partly about what we don't know... Dr Rad explores some of the complexities of who is who during this period. While our sources use categories like 'patrician' and 'plebeian', these terms offer a binary model for thinking about the structure of Roman society. Often this is a simplification of what was really happening. By the time we get to the first century BCE when these histories were written, the composition of these groups is more clear cut than they were in the fifth century. Speeches as didactic tools Dr G delves into Dionysius of Halicarnassus' use of speeches as a means of teasing out a Roman perspective. Speeches are a significant feature in his writing and sets his work apart from Livy during this period. Dionysius' penchant for rhetoric offers a means of appreciating how the Romans thought. They also offer a framework for Greek readers to appreciate the reasoning of the Romans. Listen in for... Consuls with attitude!A story of a father, a son, and filial dutyThe Lex Aternia TarpeiaThe law about the laws!A surprising consular returnThe laws of Solon Our Players for 454 BCE The Consuls Spurius Tarpeius M. f. M.n. Montanus Capitolinus (Pat.)Aulus Terminius/Aternius - f. - n. Varus Fontinalis (Pat.) The Consuls of 455 BCE Titus Romilius T. f. T. n. Rocus Vaticanus (Pat)Gaius Veturius P. f. – n. Cicurinus (Pat) Tribune of the Plebs Lucius Siccius Dentatus "The Roman Achilles" Aedilis plebis Lucius Alienus Patricians of Note Spurius VerginiusAulus Verginius - legateSpurius Postumius Albus (Regillensis) - cos. 466 BCEAulus Manlius (Vulso?) - cos. 474 BCEPublius or Servius Sulpicius Camerinus (Cornutus?) - cos. 461 BCE Plebeians of Note Marcus Icilius Sound credits With gratitude we offer thanks to Bettina Joy de Guzman for the evocative musical interlude that accompanies this episode. Additional sound effects courtesy of Alexander Nakarada - Nomadic Sunset and BBC Sound Effects (Beta) Final credits: Excerpt from ‘Ancient Arcadian Harp' by Cormi 'Consul' by Pascal Quidalut

In this episode, Adam creates a hypnosis session where you visit the seven ancient wonders of the world.  Each wonder has a gift that will help you in some way when you return to your reality.  Visit the Great pyramids of Giza, then see the magical hanging gardens of Babylon, then see the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, before taking a trip to the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.  Experience the importance of mortality at the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus before taking a walk up the stairs of the Lighthouse of Alexandria. 

No Jeopardy! recaps from this week, since we've already done them. Instead, Emily and Kyle each present a deep dive and quiz on topics of their choice: Emily seeks redemption with the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, and Kyle gets to nerd out on early-20th Century art music. Find us on Facebook (Potent Podables) and Twitter (@potentpodables1). Email us at potentpodablescast@gmail.com. Our Patreon is patreon.com/potentpodables. Please continue to support local and national movements for social justice.www.communityjusticeexchange.orgwww.blacklivesmatter.com 

In this episode of Half-Arsed History, learn about four of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: the Statue of Zeus, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria.

We continue to follow the cause of our Roman Achilles--more formally known as Lucius Siccius Dentatus--in 455 BCE. Dentatus is truly the star of the this period of history from the perspective of Dionysius of Halicarnassus and Dr G has a lot to say about that! Episode 106 - Spoiler Alert What can we glean from a history written long after the fact? Dr Rad takes us through some of the key concerns we face when approaching the written sources for the early republic. Part of the trouble steams simply from the time of the events when people like Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus lived centuries later. But we also run into the challenge of stock figures, whose names and existence are open to question. Such figures serve an important role in bringing a historical narrative to life. The complications of public discourse The traditionalist streak runs deeply through the patricians. This comes as no surprise as they are the beneficiaries of the structures already in place in Rome, but it does lead to some questionable behaviour. Things to listen out for: The patricians position in the forumThe challenges raised by the pons or 'voting bridge'Patrician power called into question through trialsSome intriguing exchanges through the goddess Ceres...Trouble in Tusculum!A real set to between Romilius and SicciusThe discrepancy between Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus about the treasury Our Players The Consuls Titus Romilius T. f. T. n. Rocus Vaticanus (Pat)Gaius Veturius P. f. – n. Cicurinus (Pat) Tribunes of the Plebs L. IciliusL. Alienus+ 8 others! Notable Plebeians Lucius Siccius Dentatus Some Family Appearances the Postumiithe Semproniithe Cloelii Our Sources Dr G reads Dionysius of Halicarnassus Roman Antiquities 10.40-47Dr Rad reads Livy ab urbe condita 3.31 Further Reading Interested in knowing more about this period in Rome's history. Take a leaf from Dr Rad and jump into some scholarly reading: Cornell, T. J. 1995. The Beginnings of RomeForsythe, G. 2005. A Critical History of Early RomeMomigliano, A. 2005. 'The Rise of the Plebs in the Archaic Age of Rome' in Rafflaub, K. (ed) Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the OrdersRafflaub, K. 2005. 'From Protection and Defense to Offense and Participation: Stages in the Conflict of the Orders' in Rafflaub, K. (ed) Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders Roman warrior charging - Alex Broeckel. Source: Pinterest. Sound Credits Sound Effects courtesy of BBC Sound Effects (Beta)Final credits: Excerpt from ‘Ancient Arcadian Harp' by Cormi

The OG Michelin Guide– the seven wonders of the ancient world. Ancient Greece's best tourist sights: the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Temple of Artemis, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Lighthouse of Alexandria. Episode 20

Around 431 BCE, Herodotus of Halicarnassus wrote up his Inquiry—in Greek, Historia—in which he sought to explain the origins and course of the conflicts between the Persians and the Greeks. This work inaugurated the western historical tradition and earned for its author the title Father of History. We'll examine who Herodotus was, how he came to write his History, and why it is the indispensable source for the Persian Wars and the Battle of Thermopylae.  

Welcome to The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World podcast series by Cambridge For Kids. This sixth episode looks at Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. It was a huge burial chamber built for Mausolus, the leader of Caria and governor of the Persian Empire, in 350 BC. It was built using Persia's rich source of marble, set on a rectangular platform and contained Ionic columns with a stepped roof in the shape of a pyramid. On top of the roof was a gigantic statue of Mausolus riding a chariot, in the image of Hercules. Written and Narrated by Cambridge University Archaeologist: Matthew John Brookscambridgeforkids.podbean.com

Episode 48 – 300k— “Do you declare, from your heart, to possess a wife?”A census and a wedding. Rome passes 300 thousand inhabitants, and the Samnites are beaten at Aquilonia.Parcial TranscriptHello, this is Abel, speaking from Beijing, China. Welcome to my podcast.The Tale of Rome, Episode 48 — 300k.When Lucius Eugenius, Spurius Attius, and young Tatius got a glimpse of the hills surrounding Rome, their spirits went up.All three made the walk home, all the way from the north — and all three were now war veterans.For a Roman — and ordinary Roman — that's no small feat!And so, once they were down with all the military formalities and once they showed up on their home street,, their women, their children, their slaves, they all walked out to welcome them home!The DOMUS — house — Lucius Eugenius managed to build with their work, spanned two homes next to each other, a corral for raw materials, and a workshop, right across the street.Plus, a small garden behind the second house.This was a piece of real estate that Lucius managed to buy right after the Big War, from an impoverished Patrician.And of course, we are not counting that around 50 slaves were now working at the workshop, and a dozen or so were busy tending to the needs of the ever growing family.Life wasn't that bad, after all!And after they all settled back in, and once Lucius sat in his favorite reclining chair — Laurentia, his wife, reminded him in a casual tone:— “In five days we have to walk to the Field of Mars, husband. Town criers have been announcing the event, for days, now…”Lucius sighed.Another census.Everyone hated a census.The tables of the censors, they so-called Tabulae Censoriae in Latin, were piling up in forums already, to be taken to the field, the day of the census. From Equestrians and Senators, down to the last and lowest Roman, if you were in one of those five social levels, designed by long-gone King Tullius Servius, you had to go.Plebe or Patrician, everyone had to be there.— “We'll take Julia this time,” old Lucius said. “And Spurius, too.”— “What about his fiancee?” asked Laurentia.Lucius paused for a second. Good question. Then he replied.— “No. We haven't finished all the arrangements, yet. All this fighting. Let her go with the Furnii. The censors will be liking that — looks more respectful.”In his mind, Lucius cursed the constant wars Rome had, but he knew he couldn't do a thing about them.Besides, WARS were making him rich.Quite rich indeed.And this richness allowed for Spurius to soon-to-be-wedding a girl of the Furnii, a respectable — even though Plebeian— family.The Furnii were also one of the oldest families, according to the annals of ancient Rome.And according to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, a man named Gaius Furnius — that's F — U — R — N — I — U — S — came to be a tribune of the plebes, back in the year 445 BC, and that was something Lucius Eugenius respected a lot.And so — in a few week's time, Spurius Attius, the young veteran of the Battle of Sentinum, would take a daughter of the Furnii as his wife.Not bad for the family!All right, my dear listeners.As you can see, today we have two topics.A wedding and a census.And that means, that after our Latin Word of this episode, we'll see how Romans went about having a census, and then — how they organized a wedding in those not-so-high circles of society.The society of ancient Rome.Now, please be aware that both — weddings and censuses — have had their fair share of evolution in the one thousand years of Roman history, which means that I tried my best — to keep these two events, match the times we are living in, right now.Which is the beginning of the third century BC.Oh, and after that, we have the next battle against the Samnites, the battle of Aquilonia, and here goes a little spoiler in the story that follows.Let me explain.Right after the battle of Aquilonia, a plague will break out in Rome — one of the larger ones — and we'll be talking about how a new deity named Aesculapius — adopted from its Greek counterpart named Asclepius, became a world-wide symbol, today — recognized by a serpent bent over a fountain or wrapped around a staff, as if spilling its venom — to be used as an antidote — as a cure.This serpent can be seen almost all over the world, in pharmacies, hospitals, medical centers, Centers for Disease Control, and even as part of the logo of the WHO — World Health Organization.The other spoiler is that we'll soon have the result of our upcoming census, and hey — we'll know just how many people lived in Rome. Those numbers used to be published on plates all over Rome, especially in the Roman Forum.[…]

“The Seven Wonders of The Ancient World” Episode #114 We sat down and discussed The Seven Wonders of The Ancient World. We will look at who built them, when they were built, and when they were destroyed. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the only Ancient Wonder still standing to this day and it is also the oldest Ancient Wonder. Here is a list of the seven Ancient Wonders. 1. The Colossus of Rhodes, Greece 2. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece 3. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Turkey 4. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Greece (Modern-Day Turkey) 5. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, Iraq 6. The Lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt 7. The Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt *If you enjoy our podcast and want to help us grow, check out our Patreon account and enjoy the exclusive episodes and interviews. You can also listen to us on the go through our website listed below. https://www.patreon.com/MikeandMaurice https://www.mikeandmauricemindescape.com/

***HEADPHONE USERS BEWARE*** And we are back! Hi guys, and welcome to another episode of our pod! Today we continue on with our 7 Ancient Wonders series, covering the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. Steph also has an internal breakdown when she finds out how much Baby Yoda she is (spoiler alert: she's not). We also (non-spoiler) review The Grudge (2020)! Please help the show grow by subscribing, as well as rating and reviewing the show! And leave us a topic request!   Quiz: https://www.buzzfeed.com/kaleb_mayer/what-baby-yoda-are-you-really-3nyn3zymsl    Red Cross link: https://register.redcross.org.au  Crime Stoppers: https://www.crimestoppers.com.au or call 1800 333 000   Time stamps: Quiz: 9:20 Reviews: 14:30 Weekly news wrap up: 22:30 Main topic: 28:18   Where to find the podcast: Topic request form: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfnbbL71lPLZ5In9xv7pFbPVZvDv_SJeTCueDbkL76bRVvASg/viewform Apple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/controllers-and-couches/id1335555664 Podbean: http://controllersandcouches.podbean.com Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6Z3VdHbiFDTH2KgD9vUc2l Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/controllers-and-couches TuneIn: https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/Controllers-and-Couches-p1212173/ YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCa6BFHYaUGh2uHzSK32xYyg IG: https://www.instagram.com/controllersandcouches/ T: https://twitter.com/ControllersCou1 Email: controllersandcouches@gmail.com   FullMetalChicken YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZp-BGhVI0jrlqscjDOIjTw   Stephfafahh T: https://twitter.com/stephfafahh IG: https://www.instagram.com/stephfafahh/ Tumblr: http://stephfafahh.tumblr.com/ SC: stephfafahh GR: https://www.goodreads.com/user/show/12030777-stephanie Litsy: stephfafahh YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBheD721gz-nv5gRK_-lkow  

We have finally arrived at the Battle of Salamis. There's a lot of buildup before the battle, and surprisingly, this phase is where a lot of the important pieces were moved into place by the wily Themistocles. We witness scenes in both the Greek and Persian camps the day and night prior to the battle, but once the fleets have moved into position, we then witness the clashing ships and the mayhem of close-quarters battle. Queen Artemisia of Halicarnassus makes several appearances throughout, and we conclude with a picture of the battle's aftermath and the resultant carnage. Listen to Ancient Greece Declassified by Lantern Jack Find more detailed notes for today's episode - Show Notes

In this episode of Half-Arsed History, discover the origin of one of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, and the woman who was behind its construction, Artemisia II of Caria.

We have another two parts topic for you with the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. Learn some history that may or may not be true! Find us on itunes and such and leave us a review!

We have another two parts topic for you with the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. Learn some history that may or may not be true! Find us on itunes and such and leave us a review!

We return to our narrative of Rome's history of its foundation with some surprising Sabines. It's still 460 BCE, which is an indication of just how complicated Rome's history is becoming when we read our sources. Both Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus are very focused on the ongoing conflict between the Roman elites and the emerging claims to power from the plebeians. We wouldn't would to give too many spoilers away, but while the Romans are busy trying to figure out what their internal politics will look like, there might just be an enemy on the horizon!

The conflict between patricians and plebeians continues apace as we explore the political complexities of 460 BCE. Much like a Jane Austen novel, letters and rumours abound in the fair city of Rome... Episode 96 - Letters and Rumours According to the annalist tradition, debate continues to rage about the proposal for clarity around laws and the idea of equality before the law. This leads to an unusual situation: the tribunes from the previous year return to continue pushing for these changes. Livy notes that the tribunes are riding on a high after ensuring the recent demise of Caeso Quinctius. But this also means that the incoming consuls are dealing with tribunes who seem be becoming entrenched... Strategies for Violence? We saw in the previous episode that there seems to be a difference between how the older patricians go about politics—through mechanisms such as magistracies and the senate—and how the younger patricians seek to make plays, through public violence and intimidation. Nevertheless, it seems as though the younger ones might just have hit upon a new approach which Dr Rad explores through Livy's account. Letters and Rumours Abound... Perhaps as a response to the violence in the City, the tribunes hit upon a new approach to push for changes. And before you know it, secret letters are being delivered to the tribunes while they're in the forum! There are a few implications that arise because of this and more than a little drama... Dr G considers the narrative provided by Dionysius of Halicarnassus which leads into some intense set-piece speeches from Aulus Verginius and Gaius Claudius. Join us for an episode full of exciting turns, political jousting, letters and rumours, and maybe even...conspiracy! Our Players Consuls Publius Valerius P. f. Volusi n. Publicola (cos. II)Gaius Claudius Ap. f. M. n. Inrigillensis (or Regillensis) Sabinus Tribunes Aulus VerginiusMarcus Volscius Fictor Patricians Caeso Quinctius Giovanni Battista Piranesi 1756. Map of the Forum Romanum / Courtesy of: Wikimedia Commons.Although a much later vision of Rome than what we are exploring in this episode, nevertheless, Piranesi conjures up the Forma Urbis Romae project with this elegant etching which includes the forum, the site of much of the action.

Episode 95 - Introducing Caeso Quinctius The complex relationship between the patricians and plebeians is central to our appreciation of the 460s BCE. In this episode we'll get to consider the complexities first hand with the entrance of Caeso Quinctius (remember this name, he's going places!). We jump back into the narrative history of c. 461 BCE with our guides of the moment, Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Both are writing long after these events, which means that their accounts leave a lot to be desired at times. Nevertheless, both are interested in presenting a narrative on the theme of power. How is it distributed? Who has it and who doesn't? And what are the mechanisms of political power in this system of armies, consuls, patricians, and plebeians? Young Versus Old? Livy makes mention of the some generational differences in attitude of the elder patricians and their scions. These simmering tensions influence the way politics plays out in the forum. Dionysius is more interested in discoursing upon the variety of patrician attitudes towards the tribunes, including trying to undermine their legitimacy by noting that they have no connection to the gods. It's at this point that the young patricians start to emerge with a reputation for public violence... Enter Caeso Quinctius Young, handsome, dangerous, and patrician - he not only has a reputation for words, but he seems like the kinda man who'd back himself in a fight. As a ringleader amongst the young patricians, Quinctius has earned himself a bit of a reputation. Things start to get rough for this youthful specimen of Roman masculinity when Aulus Verginius, tribune of the plebs, seeks to bring charges against him... Our Key Players Consuls Publius Volumnius M. f. M. n. Amintinus Gallus (pat.)Servius Sulpicius - f. Ser. n. Camerinus Cornutus (pat.) Tribune of the Plebs Aulus VerginiusMarcus Volscius Patricians Caeso QuinctiusLucius Quinctius "Cincinnatus" Further reading Lintott, A. W. 1970. 'The Traditions of Violence in the Annals of the Early Roman Republic' Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 19.1.12-29 Henryk Siemiradzki c. 1880s A Dangerous Game. Image Source: Wikimedia CommonsAlthough considered to depict a mythological scene, this painting hints at the undercurrent of violence inherent in this episode as well as suggesting the generational factors at play.

  “Herodotus, from Halicarnassus, here displays his enquiries, that human achievement may be spared the ravages of time, and that everything great and astounding, and all the glory of those exploits which served to display Greeks and barbarians alike to such effect, be kept alive–and additionally, and most importantly, to give the reason why they […]

“Herodotus, from Halicarnassus, here displays his enquiries, that human achievement may be spared the ravages of time, and that everything great and astounding, and all the glory of those exploits which served to display Greeks and barbarians alike to such effect, be kept alive–and additionally, and most importantly, to give the reason why they went … Episode 116: The First Historian Read More » The post Episode 116: The First Historian first appeared on Historically Thinking.

Black Clock Audio Tales 98: Batrachomyomachia  (Greek: Βατραχομυομαχία, from βάτραχος, "frog", μῦς, "mouse", and μάχη, "battle") or the Battle of Frogs and Mice is a comic epic or parody of the Iliad, definitely attributed to Homer by the Romans, but according to Plutarch the work of Pigres of Halicarnassus, the brother (or son) of Artemisia, Queen of Caria and ally of Xerxes. Most modern scholars, however, assign it to an anonymous poet of the time of Alexander the Great. Even later authors have been suggested, such as Lucian. The word batrachomyomachia has come to mean "a silly altercation". The German translation, Froschmäusekrieg, has been used to describe disputes such as the one between the School of Math and the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study.     Brought to you by Bunnyslippers.com, check out there brand new Dino sound slippers! • Slippers make a roaring sound every three steps • Made with green "scaly" fabric, soft plush uppers, foam footbeds, non-slip grips on soles, and three white claws on each foot • One size fits most, up to a Women's 10.5 / Men's 9.  Footbed measures 10.5"   Check outDave's Corner of the Universe at https://davescorneroftheuniverse.wordpress.com/ Black Clock Audio Tales is a daily podcast that reads you a story. Either a chapter of novel, or a whole short story.   Join us in our exploration of old ghost stories, supernatural fiction, horror tales, folk tales, fantasy, gothic horror, weird fiction, and cosmic horror. And dent forget to join us for our monthly show about the Cthulhu Mythos   Look for our podcast near the old wishing well in the blasted heath, or wherever you find your podcasts, we suggest pod bean or apple podcasts   Find us on the web at PGttCM.com and @Blackclockaudio on Instagram, twitter, and facebook And Black Clock Audio Tales on youtube   Welcome to People's Guide to the Cthulhu Mythos   Check out our new website over at WWW.PGttCM.com!   Edited by Daniel Spitzer Music by Kevin McLeod Soaring   Music by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)  Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/    Help support the show by going to PayPal.me/pgttcm and donate a buck or 5, or pgttcm.podbean.com and become a patron. Help the show by sharing/rating/liking or 5 star giving wherever you listen to or rate podcasts Buy a cool shirt from pgttcm.threadless.com. Black Clock Audio Tales is part of the dark myths collective. Learn more at DarkMyths.ORG  

Black Clock Audio Tales 98: Batrachomyomachia  (Greek: Βατραχομυομαχία, from βάτραχος, "frog", μῦς, "mouse", and μάχη, "battle") or the Battle of Frogs and Mice is a comic epic or parody of the Iliad, definitely attributed to Homer by the Romans, but according to Plutarch the work of Pigres of Halicarnassus, the brother (or son) of Artemisia, Queen of Caria and ally of Xerxes. Most modern scholars, however, assign it to an anonymous poet of the time of Alexander the Great. Even later authors have been suggested, such as Lucian. The word batrachomyomachia has come to mean "a silly altercation". The German translation, Froschmäusekrieg, has been used to describe disputes such as the one between the School of Math and the School of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study.     Brought to you by Bunnyslippers.com, check out there brand new Dino sound slippers! • Slippers make a roaring sound every three steps • Made with green "scaly" fabric, soft plush uppers, foam footbeds, non-slip grips on soles, and three white claws on each foot • One size fits most, up to a Women's 10.5 / Men's 9.  Footbed measures 10.5"   Check outDave’s Corner of the Universe athttps://davescorneroftheuniverse.wordpress.com/ Black Clock Audio Tales is a daily podcast that reads you a story. Either a chapter of novel, or a whole short story.   Join us in our exploration of old ghost stories, supernatural fiction, horror tales, folk tales, fantasy, gothic horror, weird fiction, and cosmic horror. And dent forget to join us for our monthly show about the Cthulhu Mythos   Look for our podcast near the old wishing well in the blasted heath, or wherever you find your podcasts, we suggest pod bean or apple podcasts   Find us on the web at PGttCM.com and @Blackclockaudio on Instagram, twitter, and facebook And Black Clock Audio Tales on youtube   Welcome to People’s Guide to the Cthulhu Mythos   Check out our new website over at WWW.PGttCM.com!   Edited by Daniel Spitzer Music by Kevin McLeod Soaring   Music by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)  Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/    Help support the show by going to PayPal.me/pgttcm and donate a buck or 5, or pgttcm.podbean.com and become a patron. Help the show by sharing/rating/liking or 5 star giving wherever you listen to or rate podcasts Buy a cool shirt from pgttcm.threadless.com. Black Clock Audio Tales is part of the dark myths collective. Learn more at DarkMyths.ORG  

Rome emerges from the year of pestilence and moves straight on to divide and conquer. While this seems implausible, we're still navigating the tricky gaps in our annalist historians - uncertainty is the name of the historical game at this stage. Welcome to c. 462 BCE! The pestilence ensured the death of both consuls of c. 463 BCE so it's only after a series of interreges that we stumble into the new consular year. Join as we explore all c. 462 BCE has to offer including: some of the factors to keep in mind when we encounter plague narratives the increasing divergences in the narratives of Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus the battle tactics designed to draw armies away from their chosen theatre of war Episode 93 - Divide and Conquer Bandits, Aequians, or Volscii? One of the big discrepancies we consider this episode is just who is the enemy? A raiding force causes trouble outside Rome, but who are they exactly? Livy and Dionysius offer different interpretations of the evidence leaving us a central puzzle to resolve concerning battle tactics and probabilities. Trouble in (Hernican) Paradise While Rome's been down and out, the Aequians and Volscii alliance have taken the opportunity to strike! Hernican territory is a great strategic choice, but they are definitely allies with Rome so ... we're here to guide you through all the consequences! The major players Consuls of c. 462 BCE Lucius Lucretius Tricipitinus (patrician) Titus Veturius Geminus Cicurinus (patrician) Tribune of the plebs Sextus Titius The Urban Prefect Quintus Fabius (Vibulanus) (or Quintus Furius in your Dion. Hal.) consul II (467, 465 BCE) Scholarly material Dr G gets more excited about pestilence than perhaps is appropriate but it did lead to some of the work of Northwood: Northwood, S. J. 2006. 'Grain Scarcity and Pestilence in the Early Roman Republic: Some Significant Patterns' in Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 49.81-92 Source: Costumes of All Nations 1882 by Albert Kretschmer, painters and costumer to the Royal Court Theatre, Berin, and Dr. Carl Rohrbach. Courtesy of: wikimedia commons

Today marks the first ever "group think" episode of Trivia Rogues where Billy, Don, Jeff, and Alex research the 7 ancient wonders of the world and then have a discussion.  Each of us have focused on 1 or 2 of the 7 to lead the respective discussions, and it's a 2 parter!  Today we will tackle 4 of the 7.  Let us know what you think of this format!  Thanks for listening!

We're jumping back into the narrative. The title might be a bit of a giveaway, yes yes, we'll be talking about ... pestilence! But before we get there we need to consider the circumstances. Rome has been having lots of problems with their neighbours, particularly the Aequians and we've seen a shift in tactics from Aequians engaging in guerilla style raiding to seeking out the Romans in pitched battle. To say that Rome has been vexed by this is an understatement. Livy has offered some portents for the times ahead which, in a narrative history of Rome, can't be good! Our Main Players The Consuls for c. 463 BCE: Lucius Aebutius Helva Publius Servilius Priscus HARK, PLAGUE! Livy kinds informs us of some dreadful details about a plague that is sweeping through the countryside. We take you through the grisly details from both Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. What initially seems confined beyond the city though soon moves within and this means problems for urban citizens, visitors, and the body politic (both figuratively and literally). AN OPPORTUNITY? While Romans struggle just to stay alive, the Aequians and the Volscians consolidate their growing friendship of mutual convenience into a straight up alliance. This places Rome in a difficult spot between needing to keep her own allies - the Latins and the Hernicans - appeased as well as the knowledge that their previous irritations have formally combined forces. COME FOR THE PLAGUE, STAY FOR THE... ...Other excitement afoot! Things to look forward to in this episode. We'll consider: The first acts of the new Aequian-Volscian alliance The Roman response to their allies' call for support The defence systems of the City The power of divine intervention Some reasons why Rome doesn't fall in this moment And questions and discussion about the role of the interreges Episode 92 - The Pestilence of 463 BCE The angel of death striking a door during the plague of Rome. Engraving by Levasseur after J. Delaunay Image credit: Wikimedia Commons and Wellcome Images

Episode 44 – Plutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus— In order to really appreciate the beauty of a beach, one should not be swimming in the sea, neck-deep in the water.Second installment of our Biography episodes. This time, we tackle Plutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.Partial TranscriptPlutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus — two names we heard along this podcast, again and again.This — undoubtedly means, that — as faithful learners of Ancient Rome, we often depend on these two characters, in the same way we depend on what Virgil and Titus Livius wrote, which we've seen in our episode 40.We depend on Plutarch for how he described those early beginnings of Rome. We also depend on him for his masterpiece, called “Parallel Lives” and the way he portrayed Romans and Greeks who lived in his times and the times before him.We'll talk about Parallel Lives a lot more, in this episode.We also depend on Dionysius of Halicarnassus for the way he wrote, and his unique point of view, just to name two of his powers. But — perhaps, his biggest power was his world famous sobriety when writing about Rome. His refreshing view of men and their faults.Well — that's also something we'll see today, further down the line.But first, I want to list a few of the biggest differences that come to mind, between these two giants and the other two guys we had in Episode 40 — Livy and Virgil.Here we go.ONE — By reading their works, it is easy to infer that both Livy and Virgil were more — should I say — lost, when it came to writing.Even though this is my opinion, I believe that Livy and Virgil sailed the oceans of their imaginations, without guidelines on where they would find themselves after dark, almost as if it didn't really matter if they were even able to drop anchors, at the end of each chapter.Plutarch and Dionysius — on the other hand, seemed to know the direction of their vessels very well. It almost feels like they knew the winds, the currents, and even the depth of the waters they were sailing through.At the end of each paragraph, they already knew the next port of call, and they knew the weather patterns that would allow them to get there.In writer's terms — to me, Livy and Virgil were much more like “pantsers” — writing by the seat of their pants, while Plutarch and Dionysius were much more like “plotters.”For those not familiar with these two terms — pantsers versus plotters, here is a side-note.Pantsers start writing a novel — usually without much of a plan, and let their imaginations fly, and take them were they may take them. They develop story plots on the fly, and add sub-plots to their main story as they go.Plotters do the opposite. They lay out the plot, the sub-plots, and even the changes that story characters go through, before starting chapter one. After that, they write it all down.In general, we consider that most writers fall into one of these two categories, but the truth is, that we all have parts of both sides.[…]And now, without any further ado, here are TEN pairs of Greek and Roman lives, in no particular order.ONE — Theseus and Romulus — mythical founders of Athens and Rome, respectively.TWO — Lycurgus and Numa PompiliusTHREE — Themistocles and Camillus. Yep — that Marcus Furius Camillus!FOUR — Pericles and Fabius MaximusFIVE — Alcibiades and Gaius Marcius CoriolanusSIX — Aristides and Cato the ElderSEVEN — Pyrrhus and Gaius Marius — How fitting is that!EIGHT — Lysander and SullaNINE — Demosthenes and CiceroAnd finally — TEN — Alexander the Great and Julius CaesarMy personal opinion? What an honor for Julius Caesar![…]

Episode 44 – Plutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus — In order to really appreciate the beauty of a beach, one should not be swimming in the sea, neck-deep in the water. Second installment of our Biography episodes. This time, we tackle Plutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Partial Transcript Plutarch and Dionysius of Halicarnassus — two names we heard along this podcast, again and again. This — undoubtedly means, that — as faithful learners of Ancient Rome, we often depend on these two characters, in the same way we depend on what Virgil and Titus Livius wrote, which we’ve seen in our episode 40. We depend on Plutarch for how he described those early beginnings of Rome. We also depend on him for his masterpiece, called “Parallel Lives” and the way he portrayed Romans and Greeks who lived in his times and the times before him. We’ll talk about Parallel Lives a lot more, in this episode. We also depend...

Our jaunt through the history of ancient Rome continues apace! In this episode we cover c. 472-1 BCE. Dr Radness is reading Livy and Dr G is reading Dionysius of Halicarnassus and the comparisons of our sources is quite something! The main stars are the tribunes Volero and Laertorius.

Introduction: Do you know the seven wonders of the ancient world? The Great Pyraminds of Giza, the hanging gardens of Babylon; the statue of Zeus at Olympia; the temple of Artmeis at Ephesus; the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus; the Colossus of Rhodes and the lighthouse of Alexandria.  Only the pyramids are still standing.  What are the new seven wonders of the world?  The Great Wall of China; Christ the Redeemer statue; Machu Picchu; Chichen Itza; the Roman Colosseum; the Taj Mahal.  Now what is the most important building that has or ever will been built? Solomon’s Temple.  1 Kings 5 gave a summary of Solomon’s wisdom when it came to administration and writings, but here we are returned to the beginning of his reign to record the how and why of Solomon building the most important building man has ever built. For many this sort of chapter in the Bible will be past over as one of the boring ones, but this would be to miss the significance of what is happening here.  Solomon is setting out on the most important building venture known to man, to make a temple for the God of the universe, a task which his whole existence exists for, v5. This chapter gives some of the details as to how he accomplished it, but also discusses some of his intentions, the why of his building.  So today as we look at this chapter we want to begin by looking at Solomon and his preparations and gathering of materials while paying some attention to his motives. But secondly, we want to recognise that Solomon as the Davidic King who has been granted the throne to build a temple is a shadow pointing forward to Christ who too is to build a temple. Source

In the wake of the horrific Battle of Veii in 480 BCE we head into c. 479 BCE. While we follow Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus predominantly at this time, we also see a little of the Fasti Capitolini creep in. After a little bit of faffing about the consuls Caeso Fabius (cos. III) and Titus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus emerge - were these two just as in favour with the plebeians and the patricians? Livy has some details to offer on this front! We also see a disruption to the argarian situation led by Caeso Fabius - how will that turn out?

The Seven Wonders, written by Joshua J. Mark and narrated by James Lloyd: https://www.ancient.eu/The_Seven_Wonders/ If you like our audio articles, please support us by becoming a member or donating to our non-profit company: - www.ancient.eu/membership/ - www.ancient.eu/donate/ - www.patreon.com/ahe The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were: - the Great Pyramid at Giza, Egypt - the Hanging Gardens of Babylon - the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, Greece - the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus - the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus - the Colossus of Rhodes - the Lighthouse at Alexandria, Egypt The Seven Wonders were first defined as themata (Greek for 'things to be seen’ which, in today’s common English, we would phrase as 'must sees’) by Philo of Byzantium in 225 BCE, in his work On The Seven Wonders. Other writers on the Seven Wonders include Herodotus, Callimachus of Cyrene and Antipater of Sidon. Of the original seven, only the Great Pyramid exists today.

Herodotus - father of history or father of lies? Matthew Parris introduces a sparky discussion about a writer whose achievements include a nine book account of a war between east and west - the Persian invasions of Greece. Justin Marozzi proposes him not just as an historian, but as geographer, explorer, correspondent, the world's first travel writer, and an irrepressible story teller to boot. Backing him up is Professor Edith Hall, who sees Herodotus as the author of a magnificent work of prose. But Matthew Parris wrestles with whether he was historian or hack. Justin Marozzi is the author of the award winning Baghdad: City of Peace, City of Blood. Edith Hall is Professor in the Centre for Hellenic Studies at King's College London. Herodotus of Halicarnassus - modern day Bodrum in Turkey - wrote about Croesus, Darius, Xerxes and Leonidas, plus the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae and Plataea. His books also embrace much of the rest of the known world. The producer in Bristol is Miles Warde.

We dive back into the history of Rome from the founding of the city and end up right in the challenges of 481 BCE. This means that we're in the hazy early period of the Republic where the conflict between the patricians and plebeians dominates the narratives offered by Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus.

Recorded Thursday 7 September 2017. The Shrine of Remembrance was inspired by classical architecture, especially the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Although the Mausoleum did not house the war dead, its decoration depicted scenes of mythical combat common throughout the ancient Greek world, particularly in Athens—where special arrangements were made for the commemoration of the war dead, especially those who fell at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. This talk looks at the ancient origins of our modern commemoration. To find out more about upcoming talks at the Shrine of Remembrance, visit shrine.org.au/bookings

Episode 3: It's a Dirty Job, But Wulf's Gotta Do ItWe return with our first-ever Light Party episode of Astral Era! Derek, Jeremy, and Wulf are joined by Josh (yes, just Josh-- I dunno what it is with him and Wulf only having first names) for an in-depth discussion of the Samurai playstyle. We've also got some story predictions, an aesthetic evaluation of the Genji armor set, and a Final Fantasy V history lesson as Derek dives into the origins of the Deltascape series of bosses. (Note: I incorrectly reported that the Haukke Manor (Hard) final boss underwent a name change; it remains Halicarnassus, and the final boss of Haukke Manor (Normal) is Lady Amandine. My apologies! -D)If you like what you hear, please consider following us on Twitter or liking our page on Facebook! As always, we'd love to hear your feedback, so shoot us an email anytime. Download Episode 3: It's a Dirty Job, But Wulf's Gotta Do It - MP3, 1:24:50Subscribe to Astral Era on iTunes! Featuring: Derek Heemsbergen, Jeremy Wyatt, Wulf, Josh 

There are always three speeches for everyone that you give.  The one you practiced, the one you actually gave and the one you wish you gave, Dale Carnegie. Kelly Coughlin is CEO of BankBosun, a management consulting firm, helping bank C-Level officers navigate risk and discover rewards.  He is the host of the syndicated audio podcast, BankBosun.com.  Kelly brings over 25 years of experience with companies like PWC, Lloyds Bank and Merrill Lynch.  On the podcast, Kelly interviews key executives in the banking ecosystem, provide bank C-Suite officers, risk management, technology and investment ideas and solutions to help them navigate risk and discover rewards, and now your host, Kelly Coughlin. Greetings, this is Kelly Coughlin, CEO of BankBosun, helping bank C- suite execs navigate risks and discover reward in a sea of threats and opportunities.  You know, I don’t think there is any bank executive that is exempt from giving some sort of public presentation on a recurring basis, whether it’s small groups, medium sized or large audiences, whether it’s motivating staff to be productive, informing your Board of your financial results, persuading the big commercial loan or wealth management prospect to trust you, your bank and your people.  As much as we all wish we could have competed in the NFL or NHL and use our athletic skill to compete, we executives use our brains, words and voice to compete. And if we are terrible at it and hate it, it’s a curse but if we like it and are good at it, it’s a huge benefit. My goal is to help you love it, or at least not hate it. And that leads me to two somewhat opposing quotes.  The first, from Dionysius of Halicarnassus who taught rhetoric, that speech in Greece during the reign of Caesar Augustus, and the second quote from Mark Twain, I think you all know him.  First, Dionysius, “Let thy speech be better than silence or be silent.” I’m going to repeat that, “Let thy speech be better than silence or be silent.”  And then Mark Twain said, “There are only two types of speakers in the world, one, the nervous, and, two, liars.”  I don’t think I need to restate that.  These two quotes plus my intro lay the foundation for the importance of good public speaking.  Everyone is nervous, every exec must do it and you best be good at it, if you want to compete and win. I recently read a great book awhile back titled, Speak: So, Your Audience Will Listen - 7 Steps to Confident and Authentic Public Speaking.  I also listen to the audio book.  I suggest you all get both the audio book and the written book.  The author is Robin Kermode.  I encourage all of you to sign up on his website at zone2, that’s the number two, zone2.co.uk, zone2.co.uk.  Robin is also a professional actor.  Interestingly, he overcame his public speaking fear, one time, by appearing totally nude on a stage in England.  One word comes to my mind, shrinkage.  In his book Robin refers to the Greeks in Aristotle, the Romans in the Cicero, and the Irish with Joyce and Yeats. My four daughters will attest that the Greeks, Romans and Irish are my three favorite topics and Joyce and Yates are my two favorite writers.  In fact, Robin even referenced my favorite poems by Yeats, The Stolen Child.   And since this might be the only time I can use that poem in business I’m going to use it now.   “To and fro we leap and chase the frothy bubbles, whilst the world is full of troubles, is anxious in its sleep.  Come away, O human child! To the waters and the wild, with a faery, hand in hand, for the world’s more full of weeping than you can understand.”   So there it is, after 25 years in business I finally was able to use Yeats.  So, when I read a book whose author used Yeats in The Stolen Child and appeared naked on the stage to overcome his fear in public speaking, I decided I need to speak with that man.  So, with that in mind, I hope I have Robin on the phone.  Robin, are you there? Robin:  I am right here. As long as you can hear me Kelly, I can hear you great. Kelly:  I can hear you terrific.  So, how are you doing today? Robin: Very good indeed.  It’s a lovely sunny day here in London so all is good. Kelly: Great.  So, Robin, really! Naked on the stage to overcome fear of public speaking?  Never use that as the opening to introduce yourself, give us a brief bio with a keen focus on your unique tactics to overcome fear of public speaking. Robin: [Laughs] Well, this is a slight misconception there.  I wasn’t appearing nude on a western stage to overcome my fear of public speaking. I had to appear nude on a western stage because that was contractual as part of the show that I was staring in at the time, but it was interesting what it does when you stand there being that vulnerable.  And, obviously, all the men listening and probably the women listening as well could understand, you couldn’t feel more exposed if you tried.  And I felt that once I had done that that nothing, in terms of standing up in front of an audience doing anything, really, is going to be that difficult.  I talked to a lot of people who had done it before and they came up with various suggestions, put it that way, as to how to feel comfortable, some of which worked and some of it didn’t.  In the end I decided that the best thing to do was actually just to be there because ultimately, you are who you are and most of the people in the audience you are seeing there, you know, are saying, thank God it’s not me up there.  That got me through that one but I got into the public speaking arena about 15 years ago when a friend of mine who is a CEO said, would you help me on my big AGM speech?  I said, of course.  I said, run it by me.  So, I helped him and afterwards he said, this is really useful stuff.  And I said, but I am only teaching you things that actors know instinctively.  He said, yes but you seem to have an ability to be able to explain to somebody who is not a performer how to hold an audience and how to connect with an audience.  So, for the last 15 years I have been coaching, the last probably five years, I suppose, I have been working with senior CEOs and Boards across the world and with senior politicians and things.  I was on Virgin radio recently in London, I was talking about body language, and particularly in relation to Trump, actually just before the election, and they said, So, Robin, you work with these politicians, what is it you teach them? I said, well, of course, if I am allowed to say it on air, I teach them not to be a dick.  And by that what I mean is, I teach them to be authentic.  In other words, is the person that we are hearing or listening to or seeing on stage, if we met them afterwards would they be exactly the same or would they be slightly different?  And if they are being exactly the same then there is an authenticity and a congruence into what they are doing and what they are saying.  Kelly: Great, that’s terrific.  The first question I have relates to nerves.  Robin in your book you talk about the body signals that appear before many people give a talk, dry mouth, shaking, fast heart beat, and you describe that many of these signals are related to the seven flight responses to threats and fears the body goes through.  Tell us about the top five internal fears and five external fears and then your top tip of the day related to dealing with those. Robin: Okay, well nerves affect our body, as you say, on a fight or flight basis.  The body feels under attack and the subconscious brain is saying run, because you can’t run because you have to give the talk.  And so what the brain does is it prepares you to run, and obviously then, it sends adrenaline through the blood and oxygen to the legs and the arms so that you can run.  But that takes the blood away from your head. It tends to make your eyes a bit starey and a dry mouth, as you say and the normal shaking in all the list of things. Now, I will be very surprised if anyone says they don’t have any nerves at all.  And actually, a little nerve can be quite good actually because they can help to focus you.  But as you alluded to there, the common internal fears are, fear of forgetting our words.  So obviously, that is the fear of completely blanking out.  And partly, that’s because the blood is being sent to the legs and the arms so that you can run, which means you have less blood in your head. So, that’s partly why when we are at job interviews or in pressured situations it seems to go blank.  The fear of being judged is another.  There is a fear of large audiences for some people.  Some people say they are fine around the board room table if they can see everybody but once they get to a point where they can’t actually focus on people’s eyes it feels like one mass.  There is also a fear of panicking. If it happened last time there is a fear that well, maybe, it’s going to happen again.   So, I think that if people have had a bad experience, I think that sometimes stays with them.  Then there is also the fear of looking nervous, so if we feel that we are shaking or we are showing any nerves by blushing or our voice is slightly cracking, all the things that happen when we fight or flight responses, then I think people worry that people will be able to see the nerves.  So, we don’t look quite as in control, quite as much as a leader as we would like to look.  And then there are, obviously, external affairs that really are outside of our control, things like, the importance of the outcome of the speech, the size of the audience, even the venue.  Is it somewhere that you know or is it is a venue you don’t know at all? And that’s another fear.  There is also the fear of how the audience will react.  And if we see one person yawing off and we think everybody is bored and so we start speeding up.  If I see somebody is yawing in the audience I tend to think, well, they probably had a late night or maybe they had a new born baby or something.  If I see 30 people yawning I probably think it’s too hot and the room maybe all set out for lunch, and I would think if I see everybody yawning then I would change my plan. Kelly: External affairs are really externally triggered but they are all internally real. Robin: Yeah, absolutely.  Yeah.  And obviously, you know, we have fear of something going wrong and all these things.  And then  if you plan something meticulously and then the...for example, I was working with a friend of mine on his wedding speech last year and we wrote this wonderful speech, it was just...it was really beautiful and it was exactly what he wanted in a wedding speech. It had all the right balance of humor and pathos and emotion and everything, and love, as you would expect.  On the day, unfortunately, on the evening, he hadn’t checked out the lights so that he wasn’t able to read the speech  because the light wasn’t there and so he slightly went to pieces because this perfect speech that he had practiced didn’t go quite as he expect.  And then, of course, the panic takes over on the night, you know.  And I always say to people, check out the space beforehand.  Check out how long it takes you from the side of the stage to the podium, the size of the auditorium, what it looks like when you are there, does the microphone work, do the lights work, all these sort of things.     Kelly: Give us your top tip of the day to deal with these. Robin: Okay, ultimately, the fight or flight response is basically saying run.  Now obviously, as we have established, we can’t run.  This is going to sound very off but I promise you, it works, and I have given this to so many politicians and I can see them doing this.  It is physically impossible to shake if you squeeze your buttocks or your thighs.  I don’t mean squeeze them with your hands, obviously, I mean clenching.  So, clench the muscles.  And there is a science behind this, the reason it works is the muscles have been told to move, the big muscle Group, the buttocks and the thighs.  If you contract the muscles, the brain says, hah, okay, you are doing what I want you to do, which is to run, so it stops producing adrenaline. Now, if it stops producing adrenaline, of course, the whole cycle tends to stop.  You don’t shake anymore.  The reason we shake is that the muscles are overloaded with oxygen and they are not doing what you want them to do but if you actually contract them all that tension is used up and you stop shaking.  So, it’s physically impossible to shake.  You also by squeezing the big muscle groups there, you squeeze blood back up to the brain so you have much less chance of going blank.  And one other thing it does as well, which I am very keen on, this is how we can look confident and how confident people look.  There is confidence in charisma and there is confidence in arrogance, and there is a fine line between confidence and arrogance.  People think that confidence is a possibly slightly old fashioned, you know, shoulders back, head up, walk into the room, you know, talk deep, talk strong, this type of thing.  And that is, of course, it’s a confident way of behaving.  It’s not necessarily the best way to connect with an audience or to make an audience feel special, and that’s where charisma comes in.  So, confidence, ultimately, is about you and charisma is about the audience, is about what they feel about you.  Charisma is about making the audience feel special.  And the definition of charisma is actually gift of grace.  So, it’s actually about making other people feel special.  And if you think of the people that we would call charismatic, like Obama or Clinton, all of the wealthy famous people who they are most, you know, charismatic people are, they would probably come up with those two actually. I have never met Bill Clinton but friends of mine you have said that he makes you feel incredibly special when you are with him.  And I am sure Mandela did the same, I am sure these wonderfully charismatic people, they have a way of making you feel very very special.  In a way that they don’t have to make it about them, they are so confident in who they are themselves they don’t have to make it about them.  I was working with the CEO of one of the big four supermarkets in the UK recently and the head of HR phone me up and said, Can we have a pre-meeting?  And I said, to what outcome?  And she said, well, we need to decide what you are going to do and then you will have time to do it.   You have only got this guy for two hours, he is very busy.   And I said, okay, then I will meet him and I will decide then what I am going to do with him.  And she said but by the time you have decided what to do there will be no time to do it.   And I said, how long do you think it’s going to take me to work out what I am going to do?  And she said, well, probably 40 minutes or 45 minutes maybe by the time you have a chat with him, which only leaves you to stay for an hour.  I said, it will only take me exactly eight seconds to work out what the problem is.  And that’s the amount of time it takes for somebody to walk into the door, cross the room, shake your hand and sit down. And the issues normally are how comfortable somebody is in their own skin.  If we want to look comfortable in our own skin, that’s how we look confident.  If we feel we are trying too hard, we are trying to make a point, we are trying to justify, these are people who want to look confident, at least the wannabes, the  really confident people are just confident in their own skin. One of the simplest ways to look confident in your own skin when you don’t feel it, weirdly, is to squeeze your buttocks or your thighs because it lowers your center of gravity.  And I worked out a few years ago that really confident people have a low center of gravity.  When I first meet someone I look at a couple of things, but one of the first things I look at is where is their center of gravity because that will tell me how comfortable they are.  And so the center of gravity should be in the lower gut, that’s below the belly button, in the lower gut.  And if people have a center of gravity there they look comfortable in their own skin and they will therefore look more confident.  What they then have to do is to structure their message in such a way that they make it about the audience and then make the audience feel incredibly special, and that’s where charisma comes in. Kelly: That kind of connects to authenticity, an interesting concept, being your authentic true self in private is easy for all of us, I would say, but being ourselves in public or in a business environment where we are either informing or selling or motivating or persuading or creating controversy, and it goes through the main reasons to be speaking, that’s a whole different ball game. I would assume you are going to advise us all to be our authentic self all the time but how do we do that when our authentic self isn’t always to be informing, selling, motivating etc., to people we don’t know very well or who don’t know us very well?  Isn’t the absence of that relationship causing this inauthentic self to rear its ugly head? Robin: It’s possible, it can be, Kelly, but sometimes it is simple as actually not quite knowing what your authentic self is. And that sounds like one third of the suggestions, which I don’t like in particular with clients, but there is something about finding your own voice and I think when people find their own voice suddenly they can connect to their own authenticity and they suddenly feel like they believe what they are saying. I mean, they might believe it but they actually...they can hear themselves saying something in a particular way.  And it has to do with where their voice is placed, interesting enough now. Kelly:  You don’t mean literal voice, do you?  Find your own literal voice? Robin:  And I do actually mean the literal voice, yeah.  I mean it’s where the voice is coming from.  It’s not about having a perfect accent.  It’s not about anything like that, it’s about the tamber of the voice and where the voice is placed.  We were taught, as young actors, if you want an audience to believe you, whatever you are saying, you have to speak from your emotional center.  And the emotional center is the same place as I referred to earlier, which is the center of gravity which is actually your core.  So, anything like yoga, martial arts, pilates, all that stuff, comes from a strong core, your lower gut, below the belly button, and if your thoughts come from there, if you can speak from your lower gut, so very relaxed, with an open throat and it sounds like you believe what you are saying. And interestingly enough, people’s nerve tend to disappear when they find they speak from their emotional center.  Most people speak from their throat, which is what I call the power point voice.  And if I could show you the difference now, so this voice here is fairly relaxed voice. I’m speaking..Obviously, the throat is making the sound because the air goes over the vocal chords like a reed on a clarinet but the power comes from lower down, from the gut.  And actually the emotions come from the gut there.  So, the throat itself is not actually manufacturing the sound, it’s just allowing the sound to come out. If I manufacture the sound on my throat like that, that’s the sound that is now emotionally disconnected because I am now speaking on my throat. And most people when they present speak in this tone here, which is a slightly teacher sound and most people will say, if they are looking at the power point screen, they would say, so if you could look at the screen, if you look at the bottom left hand side of the screen, and this now is rather a tight controlling sound.  It’s not anywhere like the sound that is authentic.  So, I would say to people, if you can speak to your children like this then you can speak to your customers like this, you can speak to your clients like this. This sound is much less controlling.  Audiences don’t want to be controlled, they might want to be led but they don’t want to be controlled.  And I think it starts, for me, with where people’s voices are placed. I do quite a lot of exercises in the book around this and obviously when I am working with clients one-to-one I would work very much on, first of all, on where their voice is.  And I think if you get the voice right actually people start to feel much less nervous because they can hear that their voice sounds authentic and it sounds real, and that’s what we are after. Kelly: Yeah, I will put a plug in for your book.  I think you have some really good tips and exercises to go through that we obviously can’t go over here.  One of the thoughts that you have is on this concept of the connection, you talked about the three zones of communication and you maintained that all of us, speaker and audiences, each have their own zone one and two and then there is this zone three, tell us about these three zones and why is it important for a speaker to be aware of their zone one and two, and I suppose, when they enter into this zone three that I think we don’t want people to go in, correct? Robin: I think that’s correct, yeah.  I mean, it’s a very simple concept I came up with a few years ago.   My wife said to me, she is a CEO, and I used to come back to her after getting to initial meetings to get new clients when I was starting up as a coach, and as an actor you imagine you have an agent do these things for you and I suddenly had to learn a new skill. And I would come back to her at the end of these meetings and I would say, you know, it’s really interesting because some meetings go well and some meetings don’t go well.  And I can’t quite seem to shift some of them.  And I couldn’t work it out and eventually I came up with this concept of the three zones of communication, very very simple but it has absolutely changed my life.  And since coming up with this, which was about 15 years ago, I promise you I have not had one bad meeting in that time, simply by using this very very simple technique.  So, if you can imagine that you have three circles around your body, the closest circle around your body is your zone one,  This is your personal space where you choose not to connect with someone else.  Zone is a slightly wider zone.  This is where you choose to connect with somebody. Now, these zones of course are metaphorical, they don’t exist but it’s like an image in your head.  Am I actually trying consciously not to connect with somebody or am I trying to connect with them?  So, in a shop scenario, the easiest example is, you know, you go into a clothes shop and the salesman then goes into zone two to connect with the customer and says, you know, can I help you?  And the customer probably says, Actually, I just want to browse.  I want to look around, leave me alone.  What they are saying is, they want to stay in zone one.  In other words, I don’t want to connect with you at this moment.  So, a good salesman, of course, physically backs away at that point and then say, oh no, no problem, I’ll be over here, give me a shout if you want me, and that type of thing, but they pull away.  In other words, they are not pressurizing the zone one person.  And I think that this is one of the fundamental mistakes that speakers make.  They try to push too hard with an audience that’s not ready to connect with them.  So, there are stages to how you win an audience around.  When I was a young actor doing stage plays in London, if on a wet Friday night when the audience weren’t particularly responsive on a comedy, and it’s very obvious on a comedy, if you don’t get your laughs you can see it’s not working, the intention is to go louder and faster because you’ll think, I’m going to wake this audience up.  But actually it’s the worst thing you can do. And what you have to do with those zone one audience who are choosing, for whatever reason, not connecting with you, and they are allowed to, you have to take your pace down and your energy level down and basically make it more real and allow them to come to you. So, that’s the zone one.  So, in the shop scenario, the salesman says, can I help you?   And the customer says, no, leave me alone.  That’s what they do.  If the customer says, yeah, I’m looking for a blue jacket in size whatever then the salesman knows that they are in zone two because they chose to connect with them.  So, when the customer zone two and the salesman zone two is overlapped then, of course, that’s where we want to be.  So, ideally, when we are talking to people we want to get them to choose to connect with us.  But there is a zone three, and the zone three is a wider zone.  And the zone three is basically where you invade their space.  So, the customer’s zone one is actually the same as the salesman zone three.  So, the salesman that says, Can I help you, and the customer says, No, leave me alone, and the salesman then invades the space and says, no, no, come on, try this jacket on now.  It’s quite annoying when that happens because you said very clearly, I want just to be left alone, and they don’t; they invade your space.  So, that’s the zone three.  The reason this is useful in your public speaking or presenting it is that you have got an audience and there will be a mixture of zone one, twos and threes.  So, there are some people in the audience who for whatever reason are there but they are not particularly connected with you yet.  There are the zone two people who are up for it and they are sitting on the front of their seats and you know they are interested.  And then you have the zone three people who think they know it all.  They are the ones who are going, why?  I didn’t really know why I am here because I know the stuff anyway.  This is...who is this, who is this moppet?  So, there is a bit of that.    What we have to do is we have got to encourage all of them to come to zone two but we have to treat them differently.  The zone one people, we have to take our energy down a little bit. The zone two people are easy because we have a little bit of banter with them, it’s fine, and I would suggest, with the zone three people, a guy who was coaching, he phoned me up actually,  and I won’t do it too loud on the microphone, but he had a very very loud voice, and I answered the phone and I said, “Hello” and I happened to be in zone two, and zone two is a calm open space and, you know, I answer my telephone, of course it is my business friend and I said, “Hello” and he said, “Is that Robin?” And so I said yes, and he said, I promised you, these are the exact words he used, he said, “The thing is Robin, I am an entrepreneur, I just sold my business for 45 million pounds. I have 45 million pounds in the bank.  And he said, I want to go on the speaking circuit because the world needs to know how much money I have made.  So I said, okay, well we could look at the message around that maybe, but we booked him in the session and he came in and he was so loud, his handshake was over firm, he was sort of trying to dominate the whole situation.  This is classic zone three controlling behavior. Now, my job, of course, is to try to get him into zone two.  I had to try to encourage him into zone two, you can’t push anyone.  And I thought, why this man who has, apparently, 45 million pounds in the bank, why does he feel the need to tell me that he is selling his [inaudible – 21:21] and control the meeting in this room.  Why does he need to do that?  So I thought, well, he is probably doing this because he needs some sort of affirmation from me.  It’s rather like a seven year old child who said to their parents, you know, look at me mama, I’m diving up the diving board, you know, it’s the same thing. And he said look at me, look how successful I am.  So I thought, I better just basically go, wow!  But I thought, what’s the cleverest way to go after this particular man?  And I suddenly, without thinking about it, these words came out of my mouth, and actually it worked.  So he said, the thing is Robin, he said, you know, I’m putting all this money in the bank, I’m selling my [inaudible – 21:48], and I am I’m going to leave my phone on the whole time, and I am running this meeting.  And I said, oh my God!  I said, I’m sitting here with James Bond.  And he said, yeah, and then he said, the thing is Robin, I am a bit nervous about making a speech.  So you could see the psychology, it’s very clear.  He thinks I am a very important man, and he said,  but I don’t really like to ask for help but I have to ask for help with this man because I feel I need some help but I  am only going to ask for help when he knows that I am really important.  And I went, oh my God, you are really important!  So he went, okay, now you know that, now I’ll show you some vulnerability.  So the psychology is very simple but basically, if I meet zone three people I flatter them.  I was at dinner the other night and there was a man who was going on and on about himself, I mean real zone three behavior, and after a while, I thought, I wonder how I could flatter this man to try to encourage him into two.  This man was short, fat and bald.  He didn’t look like James Bond, he looked like a sort of Bond Villain, so he is talking and I stopped him mid sentence and I said, I said to him,  I’m sorry to interrupt, but has anyone ever said it, you have got a bit of a look of James Bond about you?  He said, you have seen the real me, haven’t you?   Now, the interesting thing is, zone three people have no level of self irony.  If you flatter a zone one person they will hate it.  If you flatter a zone two person you are going to get some banter back. If you flatter a zone three person in the right way they will always take it.  When we have a mixed audience we have to make sure we have a mixture of flattery, a mixture of taking the energy down a little bit so we don’t frighten the horses with the zone one people and a little bit of banter with the zone two people.   So we have that mixture of that.  And if I am at  a business meeting around say a board room table with maybe half a dozen people, I look around and I think, okay, the zone one man there, there is a zone two lady there, a couple of zone three is over there, and I make sure a little bit of flatter goes towards the threes, a little bit of gentleness goes towards the ones, I won’t sort of eyeball them too much but I will maybe finish an idea with them but I won’t hold their eye contact too long to frighten them.  And the zone two people I will probably have a little bit more banter a bit with.  And that way you can help encourage everyone in the meeting to come into their zone two.  And if you can get everyone into zone two, including the whole of your audience, you are home and dry.  Kelly: Is empathy and trying to move people to equal status, is that what you are doing there? Robin: It is part of that.  I said to my kids the other day, look, I said, they are in their, you know, late teens, so I said, if you go through life making other people feel special, life is so easy.  I said, but if you go through life saying, look at me, I am important, they just want you to fall on the banana skin.   That’s what it is about, a bit of empathy, a bit of kindness, a bit of noticing other people, will get you a long way. And I always think, with an audience for example, one of the flattering ways with the zone three audience is, if you are going to explain a concept, there are some people in the audience who may know that concept and there are some who possibly don’t. I would favor a phrase like, of course, as you know, and then you go on to tell them anyway.   So the ones who do know are flattered that you have told them that you know and the ones who don’t know are pleased that you have told them. So you somehow get all levels on that but if you stand there and you say, I have seen speakers stand in front of quite an important audience and, you know, say things like, you probably don’t know this but.   And I thought, you have just alienated half the audience who did know that.  It’s much better to say, of course, as you know, and flatter the audience into assuming that they might know, even if they don’t.  So I think equal status is very very important and I think that also comes with tone of voice.  I sit quite often watching speakers with my wife and she finds it quite annoying but a speaker would actually come one stage and they will literally say, Good evening or whatever the time of day is.  From those two words I would go, oh no, it’s going to be terrible or I’m going to go, this is going to be good.  And I can tell from the first two words how it is.  And in those two words it has to do with where their voice is placed, where their status is or how much charisma they have.  In other words, are they saying genuinely good evening or are they actually concerned that I am there?  It’s what I call, how you show up. It’s literally what you bring to the table, what you walk on with.  And audiences, even if they are not qualified or specialized in reading body language, on a gut level they will know I like this person or I don’t or I trust this person.  And that’s what we are trying to do and that’s what I work with with clients, it is to get them to a point where they are comfortable in their own skin and they come across with equal status and they speak from their emotional center with authenticity. Kelly: Okay, I want to explore this empathy and equal status just a bit more.  Tell me if I have this right, empathy requires us to at least acknowledge and recognize that we have people in zone one and zone three. Zone two we are fine with. And then we have these different tactics that helps us try to get them moved from zone one and three to zone two to bring them to equal status with us. Robin: That’s absolutely true.  And we have to get them to choose to do that.  You can’t hurt anyone.  You can’t push them, they have to choose to do that.  If they got themselves into zone three, and often, by the way, they are not bad people it’s often nerves that make people into zone three.  So when these networking events that many people say they don’t like they walk into a room full of people with badges on and  glasses of wine and they go, it’s a whole room of people I don’t know and I somehow have to make an impression.  The reason those networking events don’t work is you have got an entire room of zone threes. Everyone has become zone three.  They aren’t necessarily bad people, they’ve just gotten themselves in this position where they think to hand out cards and make contact and whatever.   I walk into a networking room now and I look at the room and I think, okay, here is a lot of very un-centered people who are not really very comfortable with being in this place so if I can go in and make, say, five people this evening feel really comfortable then in a sense I have done my job and I have probably connected with them.  So I will basically go up to someone and I will say, if they are in zone three, I will find something that I can flatter them about and maybe, for example, it might be something like if I discovered they are a CEO of a company or they are an entrepreneur, I would say, you know you are incredible young to have done that, it’s amazing, you know.  So, whatever it might be, whatever is appropriate, I will say something, I’ll say, what is it, with the word love in the second sentence, always.  I’ll say, what is it you love about being an entrepreneur?  What is it you love about starting your own company?  And by putting in the word love there, what happen is, their voice changes immediately and they would say, do you know, actually, and whatever their answer is.  And suddenly then I am having a normal conversation as opposed to, of course, networking conversation, because what we are doing is, we are having a proper conversation.  The implication is, I could see being in zone three, not being very comfortable in zone three, when you are with me I am so impressed, you don’t have to impress me anymore we can just have a normal conversation, and it’s so relaxing for them because very few people do that.   What most people do is, they join them in zone three so you have a zone three person saying, I am important. And the other person who is also at the networking event feels they should big themselves up and at the same time say, yes, well it’s very good, so I am quite important too, you know.  And it’s a bit like these conversations where you see somebody has got a sun tan and then you say, oh, you just come back from holiday and they say, yes, I have just come back from the Bahamas or somewhere.   And they say, alright, we just came back from Jamaica or whatever.  And what they are doing is, they are not really asking you questions about their holiday, they are almost looking for an excuse to get their holiday and to make themselves feel important. But I think if we fight that urge and we just go, wow, it’s amazing. So, you know, you would laugh about the Bahamas.  Suddenly you can have a proper conversation with these people and then they choose to join you in zone two.  So it’s about noticing them ultimately in the zone three.  Now, you are going to ask about the zone one, what we want to do with the zone one is just literally, it’s not frightening the horses, it’s treating them like somebody in a shop who is saying I just want to browse. So what you do is, you tease them with the carrot.  So, I’ll maybe have a thought and  I’ll finish my thought on them, actually, I turn to them,  right, towards the end of the thought and I’ll have eye contact with them, just on the end of it, so it lands and then I’ll move away.  I’m not waiting long enough for a response, so they don’t feel under attack but they do feel included, and gradually they will come to join you.  You can’t ignore them because that doesn’t work and you don’t want to eyeball them too much.   So you can probably hold eye contact longer with the zone two person because they will probably be smiling away, you know.  And often, I don’t know if you have had this Kelly, but when you are giving a talk it’s very easy to give an entire talk to three people because towards the front of the hall you can find three very open faces who are nodding and smiling and you think, oh, they are nice, I will come back to them.  I’m feeling a little bit vulnerable, so I get back to these nice people.  And I used to think these are people that are loving it but I have shortly now discovered that those people are just people pleasers so they love everyone.  But I don’t spend my time with those people, I think, okay, I want to try and win around the zone ones and the zone twos and then I’ll know actually. Kelly: Great, exactly.   Great stuff!  Robin that’s terrific.  I really appreciate your time.  How should people get in touch with you? Give us your, I presume your website, email address, how would you like to do that? Robin: Well it would be very lovely to hear from any of your listeners, of course, you can buy the book on Amazon which is, Speak: So Your Audience Will Listen.  You can contact me by the website which is zone2, that’s z o n e the number 2, zone2.co.uk and my email is robin@zone2.co.uk.  I look forward to hearing from you and hearing how you are getting on with your presentations and your speeches.  Kelly: Great Robin, thank you very much, cheers! Robin: Thank you so much Kelly for having me.  I really appreciate it. Kelly: Well, that concludes part 1 of my interview with Robin Kermode.  I strongly encourage you to get his printed book and the audio book entitled Speak So Your Audience Will Listen: 7 Steps To Confident and Authentic Public Speaking.  They are terrific.  In a week, we will have part two of my interview with Robin and we will discuss things like where to put your hands, how to stand, the importance of smiling, and a really interesting five-step checklist you need to do before each of your presentations, to up your game in public speaking.  Thanks for listening. We want to thank you for listening to the syndicated audio program, BankBosun.com.  The audio content is produced and syndicated by Seth Greene, Market Domination, with the help of Kevin Boyle.  Video content is produced by the Guildmaster Studio, Keenan, Bobson Boyle. Voice introduction is me, Karim Kronfli.  The program is hosted by Kelly Coughlin.  If you like    this program, please tell us.  If you don’t please tell us how we can improve it. And now some disclaimers, Kelly is licensed with the Minnesota Board of Accountancy as a certified public accountant.  The views expressed here are solely those of Kelly Coughlin and his guest in their private capacity and do not in any way represents the views of any other agent, principal, employee, vendor or supplier.

Bonus Episode!  Turns out there were two Artemisias.  In this bonus episode, we take a look at Artemisia the First of Halicarnassus, who was a naval commander in the Persian War at the Battle of Salamis.  I'll let our old pal Herodotus explain more.

This episode, we're heading down the Turkish Coast to Bodrum, formerly called Halicarnassus and home of the long-lost Mausoleum, symbol of should-have-been-forbidden love.  We'll also check out the thermal springs at Pamukkale and eat swordfish kebabs!

Welcome Mere Rhetoric, the podcast for beginners and insiders about the ideas, people and movements who have shaped rhetorical history. Today's episode is brought to you by the Humanities Media Project and viewers like you, because today is a listener-suggested topic. Today we’re going to talk about Longinus, which is to say we’re going to talk about On the Sublime,which is to say we're going to talk about the sublime. We don’t know anything about Longinus except that he wrote On the Sublime, and, if we’re going to be strictly honest, we don’t know whether the author of On the Sublime  was actually named Longinus. So we have this key rhetorical text and the only thing we know for sure about its author is that they wrote this key rhetorical text.   Maybe that’s over-stating it. Maybe this was Dionysies of Halicarnassus. You remember him, Greek fellow, loved Romans? Maybe it was Hermagoras, whom you might remember from the stasis episode. Or it was this other bloke, Cassius Longinus. It’s all very confusing, and you’d think the Roman empire could come up with a naming system that didn’t rely on like the same four names and a series of embarrassing nicknames, but evidentally not. Also, authorship wasn’t so well documented. So all of this is conjecture, but  for the sake of the podcast today we’re going to say that Longinus was the author of “On the Sublime“ and leave it at that.   Historical vaguaries aside, in “On the Sublime,” Longinus advances a poetics that is rhetorical not in the sense that he expects poetry to develop and elaborate explicit persuasive claims, but rather seeks “to transport [audiences] out of themselves” (163). You may be familiar with a bastardization of the word “sublime” that talks about sublime chocolate or music, but the idea of the sublime is that it’s such a consuming process that you lose yourself completely. The chocolate becomes your entire experience.This  “irresistible power and mastery” has greater influence over the audience than any deliberate persuasive argument (163). Is the sublime, then a competitor with rhetoric or is it a mode of rhetoric? Is the sublime just high-falutin’ flowery language or something more? Longinus is vague about this point.   While the sublime comes from the world of poetry, it doesn’t exclusively reign there. Longinus may keep a traditional view of persuasion out of the sublime, but he does allow for sublime moments in traditionally persuasive orations, including legal discourse. Yes, in addition to waterfalls and chocolate, legal briefs can be sublime. I knew that, but then, I watched a lot of old school Law and Order. In such cases, when a sublime visualization is “combined with factual arguments it not only convinces the audience, it positively masters them” (223). Both poets and orators, then, can use the sublime to control an audience and “carry the audience away ” (227). With such incredible power, sublimity seems to be the ultimate skill to develop.            But while Longinus advises us in methods to improve our likelihood of sublimity (choosing weighty words for weighty topics, considering the context, borrowing from the greats, etc.), ultimately he gives us no great writer, nor any great work, as a model of constant sublimity. The sublime comes rather as “a well-timed flash” or “a bolt of lightning” that “shatters everything […] and reveals the power of the speaker” (163-4). This lightning bolt metaphor highlights some of Longinus’ difficulty in teaching someone to be sublime: sublimity is sudden, short, and almost divine in origin.  As you put it, the sublime “takes you out of this world into a heavenly life” (22/02/2011).                       But just as we aren't so sure whether Longinus wrote On the Sulime, we also seem to be constantly redefining what the Sublime is and how much we think Longinus' conception of the Sublime should set the tone for every else. Pretty much, everyone wants to redefine the sublime. The modern mania for the sublime started in in 1671 with a translation of Longinus into the French. But the real break for Longinus in the modern work was Edmund Burke’s “Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful” in 1757. That date make clue you in that this is the Burke who was a politician in the late 18th century, not the 20th century rhetorician. This Burke, Edmund, defined the sublime a little more narrowly: the sublime is “whatever is fitted in any sort to excite the ideas of pain and danger.” I can see where Burke is coming from on this--what takes you away from the every day and focuses your attention more than the threat of imminent danger? Still, it somewhat restricts what the sublime can be. Now rather  than just a “bolt of lightning” it’s a bolt of lightning on a dark and stormy night.            This broodiness led to the sublime being picked up by all those romantic poets fifty years later, who loved to stand on top of Alpine cliffs in the fog and stare into the abyss and all that. Wordsworth, who was always have out-of-body sublime moments, wrote in “Tintern Abbey” about “of aspect more sublime; that blessed mood/ in which the burden of the mystery/ in which the heavy and weary weight of all this unintelligible world”--certainly solemn stuff. Wordworth’s sister, Dorothy, made fun of some tourists who were unforuntate enough to talk with Coleridge at a waterfall. She relates “Yes, sir’, says Coleridge, ‘it is a majestic waterfall.’ ‘Sublime and beautiful,’ replied his friend.” Coleridge thought this was the funniest thing ever and straight away ditched the tourists and came to his poet friends to laugh about how people were overusing the word “sublime.” Jerk move on Coleridge’s part, but gets to the point of how the “sublime” was becoming a specific term for the Romantics.            This isn’t to say everyone in the 18th and early 19th century had one idea about what the sublime is. Kant, for instance, found the sublime not in nature, but in the “presentation of an indeterminate concept of reason.” Yes, while Longinus describes the sublimity of language and the Romantics found the sublime in nature, Kant can be carried away by an abstraction. For Kant, the sublime isn't just about aesthetics, but about the contrast between something very big and grand and the littleness of man—you can try to comprehend something incomprehendable when you encounter the sublime. That's heavy stuff.            The sublime has continued to fascinate modern rhetoricians and thinkers. More recently, in the 1980s Suzanne Guerlac has contended that Longinus' “On the Sublime" “has traditionally been read as a manual of elevated style and relegated to the domain of the 'merely' rhetorical. The rhetorical sublime has in turn been linked with a notion of affective criticism in which analysis of style and expression centers upon questions of subjective feeling and emotive force” (275). Instead, and remember this is the 80s, she salutes “on the sublime” as being an assault on simple subjectivity, disrupting binaries like form/content and means/ends (276). The sublime in Longinus is about being sincere, but a sincerity that can be forced.  This isn't the only contradiction, but one that is representative of the paradoxes of art. " The Longinian sublime implies a dynamic overlapping, or reciprocity, between the orders of the symbolic and the imaginary" writes Guerlac (286).            The little essay that maybe Longinus wrote, or maybe someone else wrote, has had a big influence in art, literature and rhetoric. Also, evidentally, waterfall-watching.  Do you know what else is influential? Email I get. Even those I don't respond to for like, more than a year.  That's my bad. Mike Litts wrote in asking for an episode on the sublime back in 2015, but here we are, a year and a half later and by gum, we've done an episode about the sublime. If you like delayed gratification, please feel free to write in to mererhetoricpodcast@gmail.com and suggest your own favorite topic. No, I'm just kidding. I think I fixed my email problem, so if you write in, I'll respond in less than a year. And won't that be sublime?      

  Welcome to Mere Rhetoric the podcast for beginners and insiders about the people, ideas and movement that have shaped rhetorical history. I’m Mary Hedengren and   the University of Texas’ Humanities Media Project supports the podcast and     Today we’re doing a podcast on Dionysius of Halicarnassus, not least because it’s so fun to say his name. Some people just have the kind of name that makes you want to say it all out, in full. Say it with me: Dionysius of Halicarnassus. It’s lovely. Fortunately, we’ll lget to say Dionysius of Halicarnassus several times today.   Dionysius of Halicarnassus, being of Halicarnassus, was Greek, but he wasn’t one of the 5th century golden age Greek rhetoricians--he lived around 50-6 BC during the Roman empire. Indeed, he studied in Rome and gave lessons there as part of the Greek educational diaspora. Dionysius of Halicarnassus could be seen as a great reconsiler between Roman and Greek thought, or he could be seen as a stoolie for the romans. He wrote of the Romans as the heirs of Greek culture and was always talking up the qualities of the Romans.   But he did love Greek rhetoricians. He writes admiringlyof Greek poets like Homer and Sappho of Greek rhetoricians Isocrates and Lysius, and even of Dinarchus, whom most people thought was kind of a lousy rhetor and even Dionysius of Halicarnassus admits was “neither the inventor of an individual style … nor the perfector of styles whcih others had invented” (1). He compiledhis thoughts on rhetoric into a more-or-less treatise known to us rather unimaginatively as the Art of Rhetoric. Not to be confused with all of the other Arts of Rhetoric, but the one by Dionyius of Halicarnasus. In the Art of Rhetoric and On Literary Composition, he offers in-depth analysis of many of the greatest Greek rhetors and rhetoricians, giving long examples in his text. As a matter of fact, much of the fragments we have from folks like Sappho comes from Dionysius of Halicarnassus, because he loved to quote big chunks of text and then go back and describe what was happening in those texts, even down to the level of the sounds of the vowels. that’s the level of analysis you get from dionysius of Halicarnassus.   And rather not surprisingly. Dionysius of Halicarnassus cited big chunks of text because he was a firm believer of imitation. Imitation,in this case, wasn’t the same as mimesis. Let me describe the differences: For Aristotle, Mimesis was about looking to nature and imitation from nature. So you see a bowl of grapes, and you get your teeny, tiniest paintbrush and you paint thos grapes so realistically that someone walking by might jam their finger reaching out to grab one. that’s mimesis. Dionysian imitation, though, is about imitating an author. Or authors. So now instead of staring at a bowl of grapes, you might stare at a poem about a bowl of grapes. Pedagogically, you might first emulate the poem, trying to recreate the poem as closely as you can, then adapt the poem, maybe now instead of a poem about grapes you make it a poem about plums. then you might rework and improve the poem, cutting back the long winded parts, or where the original author used a lame analogy or something. But then, in your own work, you continue this process with not just one poem, but dozens of poems, and not just by one author, but by dozens of authors. Through careful reading and analysis, you can identify the styles and methods most appropriate to your situation. This was popular for the Romans and it’s popular with us. If you’re going to write a love poem today, for instance, you might write a sonnet because of the successful love poems of Plutarch and Shakespeare, and you might find yourself using similar kinds of tropes and figures as Plutarch and Shakespeare, cataloging the beauty of your beloved, or comparing them to an animal or flower.this is all Dionysian imitation on your part. The Dionysian imitation caught on in a big way among Latin writers. Quintilian was a fan and included imitation of authors in his own pedagogy. Dionysius of Halicarnassus’ 3-volume treatise, known to us as--surprise--on imitation became a relative best seller. It makes sense considering the politics of greco-roman relations: if the Golden Age rhetors, Isocrates and Lysius, really are teh best, they can serve as models for Roman writers. these Roman writers, though, can exceed the Greek models. Just like how Dionusus of Halicarnassus thought that Romans were the literal descendents of later Greeks, he found a way that their writing could be descended from Greek style.   It may sound weird to us to not value originality, but Romans were sort of world-weary, “nothing new to be said” sorts who recognized the long literary precedent of Greek and Egyptian writers. Dionysian imitation could give them a way to feel that they were taking this long history and improving on it. And that meant a lot to them.   If you, like Dionysius of Hallicarnassus, have a fun name to say, or if you know of a rhetorician who, like Dionysius of Hallicarnassus, has a fun name to say, why not drop us a line at mererhetoricpodcast@gmail.com? Until next time, Dionysius of Hallicarnassus.  

Dr G has been considering early Roman history through the lens of Dionysius of Halicarnassus' 'Antiquitates Romanae' (The Roman History). In this episode, we consider the implications of reading a Greek source for Roman history including audience expectations and Dionysius' stylistic leanings.

Today we’re doing a podcast on Dionysius of Halicarnassus, not least because it’s so fun to say his name. Some people just have the kind of name that makes you want to say it all out, in full. Say it with me: Dionysius of Halicarnassus. It’s lovely. Fortunately, we’ll lget to say Dionysius of Halicarnassus several times today.   Dionysius of Halicarnassus, being of Halicarnassus, was Greek, but he wasn’t one of the 5th century golden age Greek rhetoricians--he lived around 50-6 BC during the Roman empire. Indeed, he studied in Rome and gave lessons there as part of the Greek educational diaspora. Dionysius of Halicarnassus could be seen as a great reconsiler between Roman and Greek thought, or he could be seen as a stoolie for the romans. He wrote of the Romans as the heirs of Greek culture and was always talking up the qualities of the Romans.   But he did love Greek rhetoricians. He writes admiringlyof Greek poets like Homer and Sappho of Greek rhetoricians Isocrates and Lysius, and even of Dinarchus, whom most people thought was kind of a lousy rhetor and even Dionysius of Halicarnassus admits was “neither the inventor of an individual style … nor the perfector of styles whcih others had invented” (1). He compiledhis thoughts on rhetoric into a more-or-less treatise known to us rather unimaginatively as the Art of Rhetoric. Not to be confused with all of the other Arts of Rhetoric, but the one by Dionyius of Halicarnasus. In the Art of Rhetoric and On Literary Composition, he offers in-depth analysis of many of the greatest Greek rhetors and rhetoricians, giving long examples in his text. As a matter of fact, much of the fragments we have from folks like Sappho comes from Dionysius of Halicarnassus, because he loved to quote big chunks of text and then go back and describe what was happening in those texts, even down to the level of the sounds of the vowels. that’s the level of analysis you get from dionysius of Halicarnassus.   And rather not surprisingly. Dionysius of Halicarnassus cited big chunks of text because he was a firm believer of imitation. Imitation,in this case, wasn’t the same as mimesis. Let me describe the differences: For Aristotle, Mimesis was about looking to nature and imitation from nature. So you see a bowl of grapes, and you get your teeny, tiniest paintbrush and you paint thos grapes so realistically that someone walking by might jam their finger reaching out to grab one. that’s mimesis. Dionysian imitation, though, is about imitating an author. Or authors. So now instead of staring at a bowl of grapes, you might stare at a poem about a bowl of grapes. Pedagogically, you might first emulate the poem, trying to recreate the poem as closely as you can, then adapt the poem, maybe now instead of a poem about grapes you make it a poem about plums. then you might rework and improve the poem, cutting back the long winded parts, or where the original author used a lame analogy or something. But then, in your own work, you continue this process with not just one poem, but dozens of poems, and not just by one author, but by dozens of authors. Through careful reading and analysis, you can identify the styles and methods most appropriate to your situation. This was popular for the Romans and it’s popular with us. If you’re going to write a love poem today, for instance, you might write a sonnet because of the successful love poems of Plutarch and Shakespeare, and you might find yourself using similar kinds of tropes and figures as Plutarch and Shakespeare, cataloging the beauty of your beloved, or comparing them to an animal or flower.this is all Dionysian imitation on your part. The Dionysian imitation caught on in a big way among Latin writers. Quintilian was a fan and included imitation of authors in his own pedagogy. Dionysius of Halicarnassus’ 3-volume treatise, known to us as--surprise--on imitation became a relative best seller. It makes sense considering the politics of greco-roman relations: if the Golden Age rhetors, Isocrates and Lysius, really are teh best, they can serve as models for Roman writers. these Roman writers, though, can exceed the Greek models. Just like how Dionusus of Halicarnassus thought that Romans were the literal descendents of later Greeks, he found a way that their writing could be descended from Greek style.   It may sound weird to us to not value originality, but Romans were sort of world-weary, “nothing new to be said” sorts who recognized the long literary precedent of Greek and Egyptian writers. Dionysian imitation could give them a way to feel that they were taking this long history and improving on it. And that meant a lot to them.   If you, like Dionysius of Hallicarnassus, have a fun name to say, or if you know of a rhetorician who, like Dionysius of Hallicarnassus, has a fun name to say, why not drop us a line at mererhetoricpodcast@gmail.com? Until next time, Dionysius of Hallicarnassus.

In this episode we look at Alexander's movements across Asia, the Gordian Knot, the war in the Greek islands and introduce Darius.