Podcasts about national ocean service

Do you know what NOAA does? Or why this federal agency has (controversially) been in the news lately? With important offices like the National Weather Service and the National Ocean Service, NOAA – the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – collects valuable data and conducts essential research that can mean the difference between national safety and widespread tragedy. On today's episode, we're going off the radar with two former NOAA employees: Tom Di Liberto, a climate scientist and public relations specialist who was laid off during government cutbacks; and Dr. Tracy Fanara, a scientist and regular TV figure who recently resigned from government work. We'll be discussing the disconnect between NOAA's lifesaving scientific research and the public's confusion around this essential government agency.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

As spring break approaches, thousands will flock to beaches worldwide, but few understand the invisible threat of rip currents lurking beneath those inviting waters. In this potentially life-saving episode, we dive into both the science and survival of these powerful water channels.Ocean safety expert Bruckner Chase shares what you need to look for the minute you step onto the beach, while Greg Dusek from the National Ocean Service explains the science behind rip currents and introduces RipFinder – groundbreaking AI technology designed to detect these deadly hazards.Whether you're a beach regular or occasional visitor, learn how to spot danger signs, understand when and where rip currents form, and discover the counterintuitive actions that could save your life if caught in one.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dive into shark citizen science, get ready for National Moth Week, and try out the Airbeam air quality test kit in Beirut! Featured Projects:   Shark Base Reef Life Survey Wildbook for Whale Sharks Sharks of California Fish Watchers OrcaSound National Moth Week Butterflies and Moths of North America Mothing at Discover Life Aircasting Image and Video Credits: Sharks on reef with fish Credit: Amanderson2, Flickr Creative Commons, CC by 2.0   Cecropia Moth Credit: Mark Beckemeyer, CC BY-NC 2.0   White green eyed moth facing forward Credit: Sven Lachmann, via Pixabay   Brown Moth Face Credit: ericeven1, via Pixabay   Discovery Channel Shark Week Trailer Credit: Discovery Channel   Tropical beach Credit: Walkerssk from Pixabay   Green Explosion 2 Video Credit: William McDonald from Pixabay   White sparkles on green screen Credit: Sandro Lima from Pixabay   Hokey Pokey silhouette dancers Credit: Jamick from Pixabay   Several sharks green screen Credit: Mustafa Keskin from Pixabay   Goofy Shark in Aquarium Credit: Albedo20, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0   Dwarf Lantern Shark Credit: Chip Clark/Smithsonian Institution, Public Domain   Another Whale Shark Credit: Daniel Kwok, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Goblin Shark Credit: Dianne Bray/Museum Victoria, CC BY 3.0 AU   Spotted Wobbegong Credit: Richard Ling, CC BY-SA 3.0   Saw shark Credit: Diliff - Own work, CC BY 2.5,   Angel Shark Credit: Nick Long - Angel Shark, CC BY-SA 2.0   Megamouth Shark Credit: Sergei Boka - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0   Lizard Shark: Credit: R. Mintern - Public Domain   Lizard Shark head Credit: Citron, CC BY-SA 3.0 Hammerhead Shark Credit: Barry Peters, CC BY 2.0   Black Tip Shark Credit: waiguobox, via Pixabay   Blue Colored Shark Scene Credit: nicolachooo, via Pixabay   Dermal Denticles Credit: Noémie - Gautier - Adrien - Quentin, CC BY-SA 4.0 Dermal Denticles Credit: Pascal Deynat/Odontobase, CC BY-SA 3.0   Pendant Jewelry Credit: QVC   Ampullae of Lorenzini diagram Credit: Chiswick Chap, CC BY-SA 4.0   Shark Electrorecepter Diagram Credit: Chris_huh, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons   Shark being held Credit: Kqedquest via Flickr Creative Commons   Hammerheads Swimming Credit: Ryo Sato, CC BY-SA 2.0   Spiny Dogfish Credit: NOAA's National Ocean Service, CC BY 2.0   Whale Shark Credit: Zac Wolf, CC BY-SA 2.5   Greenland Shark Credit: Hemming1952, CC BY-SA 4.0   Dead Sharks Credit: Stephen Geyer, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0   Bag of shark fins Credit: Oleg., CC by 2.0   Shark fin soup Credit: Aemosion, CC by 2.0   Black Tipped Sharks Credit: Pablo Marx, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Video of shark and diver Credit: Richard Pyle/Bishop Museum and NOAA, CC BY-NC 2.0   Great White Shark Credit: Terry Goss, CC BY 2.5   Banjo Shark Credit: Alpha, CC by-NC 2.0 Hummingbird Moth Credit: Adege Hummingbird hawk moth Credit: FlickrVideos from Pixabay Two Polyphemus moths Credit: John Pickering   Atlas moth Credit: dmarr515 from Pixabay Luna Moth Credit: Keith Ramos/USFWS, Public Domain Rosy Maple Moth Credit: Rio Reason from Pixabay   Ruby Tiger Moth Credit: Erik Karits from Pixabay   White ermine moth Credit: Ian Lindsay from Pixabay   Six spot burnet moth Image by Roland Steinmann from Pixabay Bird poop moth Credit: Alexey Yakovlev, CC BY-SA 3.0   Cute Flannel Moth Credit:Brett Hondow from Pixabay   White Flannel Moth caterpillar Credit: Jan Haerer from Pixabay   Hornet Moth Credit: Ingeborg van Leeuwen, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 Mothra footage Credit: Toho Co., Ltd   Music: Pharmacy Party Steven Combs Theme E Steven Combs and Delta Is Podcast Theme Kevin Hartnell

Hurricanes are powerful storms that can threaten life and property. We revisit an episode with our podcast hosts as they discuss the roles of the National Ocean Service in hurricane preparedness, response, and recovery and how you can prepare for this year's hurricane season. Episode permanent link, transcript, and show notes

In this episode, we revisit a previous podcast on these storm-fueled waves and discuss how they differ from tsunamis. We're joined by Dr. Gregory Dusek, senior scientist with NOAA's National Ocean Service, to discuss his study on meteotsunamis.

The year is not yet over, but across the country, people have weathered a significant number of climate events: Californians experienced heavy rainfall from, landslides, and even a hurricane. The South grappled with extreme heat and the Midwest and Northeast are contending with dangerous air quality from wildfires in Canada. Now, the gulf and east coasts are bracing for another season of intense hurricane activity.rnrnIn the Great Lakes, climate change has led to increased rainfall, reduced water quality, rising temperatures, and fluctuating water levels. The climate crisis is a top priority for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the organization is working with the business community, academia, and other federal, state, and local agencies to build a climate ready nation.rnrnAs the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator, Dr. Richard Spinrad is responsible for the strategic direction of the agency. This includes developing NOAA's products and services to address the climate crisis, enhancing environmental sustainability, fostering economic development, and creating a more equitable and diverse NOAA workforce. Prior to coming to the NOAA, Spinrad was Senior Adviser to the Vice President of Research and professor of Oceanology at Oregon State University. Dr. Spinard served as NOAA's chief scientist from 2014-2016 and led NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and National Ocean Service from 2003-2010. He has also held leadership positions with the Office of Naval Research and the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command.

In this special episode, Peter Ravella and Tyler Buckingham are thrilled to announce a landmark collaboration with NOAA: the upcoming podcast "Planet NOAA: From Sun to Sea, and Everything in Between." Co-hosted by Peter and Aya Collins, Director of Communications and Education for the National Ocean Service, today's episode is more than just an announcement; it's an in-depth look at the journey that led to this partnership. Aya Collins and Lori Arguelles, NOAA's Director of Strategic Communications, join us to share personal insights and the story behind "Planet NOAA." Discover how this unique collaboration was conceived, get to know the personalities behind it, and learn what to expect from this riveting new show that will span topics from solar phenomena to ocean exploration.

Rip currents pose a threat to those that spend time in the ocean or Great Lakes. In this episode, Dr. Gregory Dusek, senior scientist with NOAA's National Ocean Service, talks with us about rip currents, NOAA's national rip current forecast model, and ways to protect yourself and others from this public safety risk.

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:10).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra InformationSources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 5-22-23. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of May 29 and June 5, 2023. SOUNDS – ~6 sec – loud thunder and rain. Sounds of rain and thunder open Water Radio's annual episode previewing a potential bunch of rainy, thunderous, windy, and dangerous summer and fall visitors.  Have a listen for about 35 seconds to some more stormy sounds accompanying 21 names that we hope will not become infamous this year. SOUNDS AND VOICES - ~34 sec – “Arlene.  Bret.  Cindy.  Don.  Emily.  Franklin.  Gert.  Harold.  Idalia.  Jose.  Katia.  Lee.  Margot.  Nigel.  Ophelia.  Philippe.  Rina.  Sean.  Tammy.  Vince.  Whitney.” Those were the names planned for storms that may occur during this year's Atlantic basin tropical cyclone season.  The Atlantic basin includes the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic tropical cyclone season runs officially from June 1 through November 30.  Most Atlantic tropical cyclones occur within this period, but not all of them do.  In fact, every year from 2015 through 2021 had a named Atlantic basin storm before June 1.  [Editor's note, not in the audio: Pre-June named Atlantic storms from 2015 through 2021 were Ana in 2015, Alex in January 2016 and Bonnie in May 2016, Arlene in April 2017, Alberto in May 2018, Andrea in May 2019, Arthur and Bertha in May 2020, and Ana in May 2021.  The first named storm in 2022 officially formed on June 5, when on that day the National Hurricane Center upgraded Potential Tropical Cyclone One to Tropical Storm Alex.] Tropical storms and hurricanes are two categories of tropical cyclones, which are rotating storm systems that start in tropical or sub-tropical latitudes.  A tropical cyclone is called a tropical storm—and gets a name—when sustained wind speeds reach 39 miles per hour; at 74 miles per hour, a tropical cyclone is considered a hurricane.  Tropical depressions—with wind speeds below 39 miles per hour—don't get named if they never reach tropical storm wind speed, but they can still bring damaging rainfall and flooding.  Hurricane-force storms are called typhoons in northwestern areas of the Pacific Ocean.  [Editor's note, not in the audio: A tropical system that never gets above the tropical depression wind-speed level won't be given a name.  But a lingering tropical depression that previously was at the wind speed of a tropical storm or hurricane will have a name associated with it.] Before a tropical system of any speed or name barges into the Old Dominion, here are five important preparedness steps recommended by the National Weather Service. 1.  Know your zone – that is, find out if you live in a hurricane evacuation area by checking the Virginia Department of Emergency Management's “Hurricane Zone Evacuation Tool,” available online at  vaemergency.gov/prepare, or by contacting your local emergency management office. 2.  Assemble an emergency kit of food, water, flashlights, first aid materials, a battery-powered radio, and other items that would be useful in a power outage. 3.  Have a family emergency plan, including procedures for evacuating and for getting in touch with one another in an emergency. 4.  Review your insurance policies to ensure that you have adequate coverage for your home and personal property. And 5.  Establish ways to stay informed, especially if the power goes out. Detailed safety tips for hurricanes and other severe weather are available online from the National Weather Service, the Virginia Department of Emergency Management, the American Red Cross, and various other sources. Thanks to seven Virginia Tech colleagues for lending their voices to this episode. We close with about 25 seconds of original music for tropical storms, composed and performed by Torrin Hallett. Here's “Tropical Tantrum.” MUSIC - ~27 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All sounds in this episode were recorded by Virginia Water Radio in Blacksburg, Va. The tropical storm name call-outs by seven Virginia Tech faculty and staff were recorded on May 19, 2023.  The opening rain and thunder were recorded in Blacksburg on July 31, 2012.  The rain and thunder accompanying the name call-outs were recorded in Blacksburg on September 28, 2016. “Tropical Tantrum” is copyright 2017 by Torrin Hallett, used with permission.  As of 2022-2023, Torrin is the associate principal horn of the Symphonic Orchestra of the State of Mexico.  He is a 2018 graduate of Oberlin College and Conservatory in Oberlin, Ohio, a 2020 graduate in Horn Performance from Manhattan School of Music in New York, and a 2021 graduate of the Lamont School of Music at the University of Denver.  More information about Torrin is available online at https://www.facebook.com/torrin.hallett.  Thanks very much to Torrin for composing the piece especially for Virginia Water Radio.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 580, 6-7-21, a preview of the 2021 Atlantic tropical storm season. Following are other music pieces composed by Torrin Hallett for Virginia Water Radio, with episodes featuring the music. “A Little Fright Music” – used in Episode 548, 10-26-20, on water-related passages in fiction and non-fiction, for Halloween; Episode 601, 10-31-21, connections among Halloween, water, and the human boy; and Episode 640, 10-31-22, a Halloween-themed tree quiz.“Beetle Ballet” – used in Episode 525, 5-18-20, on aquatic beetles.“Chesapeake Bay Ballad” – used most recently in Episode 632, 7-18-22, on Chesapeake Bay conditions.“Corona Cue” – used in Episode 517, 3-23-20, on the coronavirus pandemic. “Flow Stopper” – used in Episode 599, 10-18-21, on “Imagine a Day Without Water.”“Geese Piece” – used most recently in 615, 2-7-22, on Brant.“Ice Dance” – “Ice Dance” – used most recently in Episode 606, 12-6-21, on freezing of water.“Lizard Lied” – used in Episode 514, 3-2-20, on lizards. “New Year's Water” – used most recently in Episode 610, 1-3-22, on water thermodynamics and a New Year's Day New River wade-in. “Rain Refrain” – used most recently in Episode 559, 1-11-21, on record rainfall in 2020. “Runoff” – in Episode 585, 7-12-21 – on middle schoolers calling out stormwater-related water words.“Spider Strike” – used in Episode 523, 5-4-20, on fishing spiders.“Tundra Swan Song – used in Episode 554, 12-7-20, on Tundra Swans.“Turkey Tune” – used in Episode 343, 11-21-16, on the Wild Turkey. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES National Hurricane Center map of the Atlantic tropical weather outlook for the next seven days, as of 8 a.m. EDT on May 23, 2023; map accessed online at https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gtwo.php?basin=atlc&fdays=7.National Hurricane Center map showing the names, dates, and tracks of named Atlantic basin tropical cyclones (tropical storms and hurricanes) in 2022; map accessed online at https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/index.php?season=2022&basin=atl.“5 Things to Know About Hurricane Hazard Risks” poster from the National Weather Service, “What to Do Before the Tropical Storm or Hurricane,” online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-plan.  The site also has posters with “5 Things to Know About…” having an evacuation plan, strengthening one's home, getting information, and insurance. EXTRA INFORMATION ON TROPICAL CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS The following information quoted from the National Weather Service, “Hurricane Safety,” online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane, May 22, 2023. Plan for a Hurricane: What to Do Before the Tropical Storm or Hurricane (online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-plan) “The best time to prepare for a hurricane is before hurricane season begins on June 1.  It is vital to understand your home's vulnerability to storm surge, flooding, and wind.  Here is your checklist of things to do BEFORE hurricane seasons begins. “Know your zone: Do you live near the Gulf or Atlantic Coasts?  Find out if you live in a hurricane evacuation area by contacting your local government/emergency management office [or, in Virginia, by visiting https://www.vaemergency.gov/hurricane-evacuation-zone-lookup/]. “Put Together an Emergency Kit: Put together a basic emergency kit [information to do so is online at https://www.ready.gov/kit].  Check emergency equipment, such as flashlights, generators, and storm shutters. “Write or review your Family Emergency Plan: Before an emergency happens, sit down with your family or close friends and decide how you will get in contact with each other, where you will go, and what you will do in an emergency.  Keep a copy of this plan in your emergency supplies kit or another safe place where you can access it in the event of a disaster.  [Information to help with emergency plan preparation is online at https://www.ready.gov/plan.] “Review Your Insurance Policies: Review your insurance policies to ensure that you have adequate coverage for your home and personal property. “Understand NWS forecast products, especially the meaning of NWS watches and warnings. “Preparation tips for your home from the Federal Alliance for Safe Homes [available online at https://www.flash.org/]. “Preparation tips for those with chronic illnesses [available from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, online at https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/emergency.htm].” Actions to Take When a Tropical Storm or Hurricane Threatens (online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-action) “When a hurricane threatens your community, be prepared to evacuate if you live in a storm surge risk area.  Allow enough time to pack and inform friends and family if you need to leave your home. “Secure your home: Cover all of your home's windows.  Permanent storm shutters offer the best protection for windows.  A second option is to board up windows with 5/8 inch exterior grade or marine plywood, built to fit, and ready to install.  Buy supplies before the hurricane season rather than waiting for the pre-storm rush. “Stayed tuned in: Check the websites of your local National Weather Service office [online at https://www.weather.gov/] and local government/emergency management office.  Find out what type of emergencies could occur and how you should respond.  Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or other radio or TV stations for the latest storm news. “Follow instructions issued by local officials. Leave immediately if ordered! “If NOT ordered to evacuate:

In this captivating episode of the American Blue Economy Podcast, join retired Admiral Tim Gallaudet as he engages in an enlightening discussion with esteemed guests Dr. Avery Paxton, a Research Marine Biologist at NOAA's National Ocean Service, Cady Breslin, a Marine Educator at the North Carolina Aquarium, and two talented students, Hailey Lewis and Iileyah Braxton, from NCSU. Together, they delve into the profound relationship between shipwrecks and sealife within the American Blue Economy. Explore the ecological significance of shipwrecks, delve into the crucial role of aquariums in the blue economy, and gain insights from their research on fish communities and species abundance. Furthermore, discover the ongoing endeavors to conserve and preserve shipwrecks as both cultural heritage sites and thriving marine ecosystems. Prepare to embark on a journey of knowledge and unravel the mysteries of the deep within the American Blue Economy.

On The Capitol Beach, Derek Brockbank speaks with Nicole LeBouef, the assistant administrator for NOAA's National Ocean Service, about NOAA's recent announcement of $562 million investment from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) to make coastal communities resilient to climate impacts. Funding 149 projects across 30 states and territories, this is the first major announcement of NOAA funds coming from these landmark pieces of legislation. Nicole explains how the BIL and IRA funds complement each other, what lessons NOAA has learned from the first year of funding, and how communities should talk about their funded projects to help ensure this investment is not once-in-a-generation, but a paradigm shift for how we invest in coastal resilience in an era of sea level rise and other climate impacts.  You can learn more about the funded projects on an interactive map on NOAA's website, and learn more about BIL and IRA funding – including upcoming funding opportunities - at: https://www.noaa.gov/infrastructure-law

The ocean covers over 70% of the surface of our planet, though, according to the National Ocean Service, 95% of it remains unexplored. This is because under the surface is a dark and hostile environment with unrelenting high pressure, freezing temperatures and bizarre creatures in the depths.海洋覆盖了地球表面 70% 以上的面积，但根据美国国家海洋局的数据，其中 95% 的面积仍未开发。这是因为在地表之下是一个黑暗而充满敌意的环境，有着无情的高压、冰冻的温度和深处的奇异生物。The Census of Marine Life reports more than 17,000 species living in the deep sea. The Greenland shark can live in depths of 7,200 feet and is a rarely seen Arctic predator said to live to 400 years old and reach 23 feet in length. In order to battle the icy depths, Greenland sharks have chemicals in their skin which prevent ice crystals from forming on their body.海洋生物普查报告称，生活在深海的物种超过 17,000 种。格陵兰鲨鱼可以生活在 7,200 英尺的深处，是一种罕见的北极捕食者，据说可以活到 400 岁，身长可达 23 英尺。为了与冰冷的深海作战，格陵兰鲨鱼的皮肤中含有化学物质，可以防止冰晶在它们的身体上形成。Another deep-sea creature is the giant squid, an animal that remains a mystery to scientists despite being the largest invertebrate on Earth. Living far below the surface, what we know has largely come from carcasses being washed ashore. Marine biologists have found that they feed on fish, squid and possibly even small whales. They find prey using eyes which are ten inches wide, roughly the size of a dinner plate!另一种深海生物是巨乌贼，尽管它是地球上最大的无脊椎动物，但这种动物对科学家来说仍然是个谜。生活在地表以下很远的地方，我们所知道的主要来自被冲上岸的尸体。海洋生物学家发现它们以鱼类、乌贼甚至小鲸鱼为食。他们用十英寸宽的眼睛寻找猎物，大约有餐盘那么大！Other unusual creatures include the vampire squid, which lives 2000 to 3000 feet under the ocean and is so-called because of its dark cloak that connects its eight arms. There is also the dumbo octopus, named due to its resemblance to the elephant from the 1943 Disney film Dumbo, with its protruding ears. Another unique creature is the anglerfish known for the light that hangs from its head.其他不寻常的生物包括吸血乌贼，它生活在海底 2000 到 3000 英尺处，因其连接八只手臂的黑色斗篷而得名。还有小飞象章鱼，因其与 1943 年迪斯尼电影小飞象中的大象相似而得名，有突出的耳朵。另一种独特的生物是琵琶鱼，它以头上垂下的光而闻名。Other unusual creatures include the vampire squid, which lives 2000 to 3000 feet under the ocean and is so-called because of its dark cloak that connects its eight arms. There is also the dumbo octopus, named due to its resemblance to the elephant from the 1943 Disney film Dumbo, with its protruding ears. Another unique creature is the anglerfish known for the light that hangs from its head.其他不寻常的生物包括吸血乌贼，它生活在海底 2000 到 3000 英尺处，因其连接八只手臂的黑色斗篷而得名。还有小飞象章鱼，因其与 1943 年迪斯尼电影小飞象中的大象相似而得名，有突出的耳朵。另一种独特的生物是琵琶鱼，它以头上垂下的光而闻名。词汇表unexplored 未经探索的，无人涉足的hostile 恶劣的unrelenting 无情的，不屈不挠的freezing 极冷的bizarre 奇怪的， 怪诞的species 物种deep sea 深海Arctic 北极的predator 掠食者，捕食性动物Greenland shark 格陵兰鲨ice crystal 冰晶giant squid 巨型乌贼invertebrate 无脊椎动物carcass （动物的）尸体wash ashore 冲到岸上marine biologist 海洋生物学家whale 鲸prey 猎物vampire squid 吸血乌贼dumbo octopus 小飞象章鱼protruding 突出的anglerfish 琵琶鱼venture 冒险去做lurk 潜伏，潜藏

Richard (Rick) W. Spinrad, Ph.D., was sworn in on June 22, 2021 as the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and the 11th NOAA Administrator. Dr. Spinrad is responsible for the strategic direction and oversight of the agency and its over 12,000 employees, including developing NOAA's portfolio of products and services to address the climate crisis, enhancing environmental sustainability and fostering economic development, and creating a more just, equitable, diverse, and inclusive NOAA workforce.  Most recently, Dr. Spinrad served as a Professor of Oceanography and Senior Adviser to the Vice President of Research at Oregon State University (OSU). He was also Vice President for Research at OSU from 2010-2014.  Dr. Spinrad served as NOAA's Chief Scientist under President Barack Obama from 2014 until 2016. He also led NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research and National Ocean Service from 2003-2010. While at NOAA, Dr. Spinrad co-led the White House Committee that developed the nation's first set of ocean research priorities and oversaw the revamping of NOAA's research enterprise, including the development of the agency's Scientific Integrity policy. Prior to initially joining NOAA, Dr. Spinrad held leadership positions at the U.S. Office of Naval Research and Oceanographer of the Navy, where he was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Award — the highest award given by the U.S. Navy to a civilian. He has held faculty appointments at OSU, the U.S. Naval Academy, and George Mason University; served as Executive Director at the Consortium for Oceanographic Research and Education; was President of Sea Tech, Inc.; and worked as a research scientist at OSU and the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. He also developed the National Ocean Sciences Bowl for high school students. In the international arena, Dr. Spinrad served as the U.S. permanent representative to the United Nations' Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission from 2005-2009. He is the recipient of Presidential Rank Awards from presidents George W. Bush and Barack H. Obama. Dr. Spinrad is past president of The Oceanography Society (TOS) and the Marine Technology Society. He is a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, Marine Technology Society, TOS, and the Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST), and an IMarEST Chartered Marine Scientist. Dr. Spinrad received his B.A. in Earth and Planetary Sciences from The Johns Hopkins University, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Oceanography from Oregon State University.  Highlights from the Show NOAA has been around in various forms since 1802, when President Thomas Jefferson setup a survey of the coast to understand the risks to shipping, coastal communities and more, and it was President Nixon who established NOAA by brining together the various environmental intelligence organizations In the late 20th and early 21st century, NOAA added advanced capabilities and tools like satellites Today, NOAA is an almost $7B agency with over 12,000 people (which only costs about $0.06 a day per taxpayer) Lives, Livelihoods and Lifestyles are all impacted by weather and ability to forecast what will happen with it to know what its impact will be and how we can respond In inflation adjusted numbers, in the 1980s, there were 82 days between $1B disasters or worse; today, it's 18 days There were 21 billion-plus-dollar disasters, and we're at 9 now (early August) Hurricane Ida last year brought $30-40B in losses, and this isn't an anomaly anymore They rolled out the heat.gov website that could help insurers and reinsurers in looking at the forecasted impacts of heat on health and other factors around the country The hazards aren't new – floods, draughts, hurricanes, etc – but we're putting so much more energy into the system, which is resulting in unprecedented scale of these hazards In the last 30-40 years, we've been adding the equivalent of 2 Hiroshima atomic bombs worth of energy into the oceans every second They're now understanding the teleconnections, meaning the impact of weather activity in one part of the world's impact on the activity in another, like weather events in Australia and how that ties to weather events in New England One of the ways insurance companies can engage with NOAA on this is to think about what kind of forecasting and predictions are most helpful, like the timeframe we'd need to see data for There's a lot of value in talking about the future of insurance and prediction, and Insurance is a sophisticated participant in that conversation Government has responsibilities to say where people can't build (for example) From there, it's up to the market to decide the cost of risk where we can build, which means insurers understanding and pricing that risk The impact of Climate Change is a foregone conclusion at this point, and the science has gotten so good that it can tell you exactly what impact you'll see by when (like 10-12 inches of sea level rise in Norfolk, VA by 2050) Rather than giving up, we need to think about what we can do to adapt and protect given that fact, while we have time to mitigate Dr. Spinrad did this himself with a prior home he had in Oregan that didn't have a fire exposure initially, but did over time, so he cut back brush and trees to reduce the risk Part of NOAA's responsibility is around communication, and being the authority to turn to so people know who to trust for clear, actionable information, like going to the top doctor for a second opinion Get involved and collaborate with NOAA at climate.gov This episode is brought to you by Ecopia (ecopia.ai) and The Future of Insurance thought leadership series (future-of-insurance.com) from Bryan Falchuk. Follow the podcast at future-of-insurance.com/podcast for more details and other episodes. Music courtesy of UPbeat Music, available to stream on Spotify, Apple Music, Amazon Music and Google Play. Just search for "UPbeat Music"

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:52).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 6-3-22. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks June 6 and June 13, 2022. MUSIC – ~11 sec – instrumental. That's part of “Driving Rain,” by the Charlottesville- and Nelson County-based band, Chamomile and Whiskey.  The storm-themed music sets the stage for our annual preview of a potential bunch of rainy, windy, and storm-surge-causing summer and fall visitors.  Have a listen for about 35 seconds to some more of the music accompanying 21 names that we hope will NOT become infamous this year. MUSIC and VOICES ~36 sec – Music lyrics: “In the driving rain”; then instrumental.  Voices: “Alex.  Bonnie.  Colin.  Danielle.  Earl.  Fiona.  Gaston.  Hermine.  Ian.  Julia.  Karl.  Lisa.  Martin.  Nicole.  Owen.  Paula.  Richard.  Shary.  Tobias.  Virginie.  Walter.” Those were the names planned for storms that may occur during this year's Atlantic basin tropical cyclone season.  The Atlantic basin includes the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic tropical cyclone season runs officially from June 1 through November 30.  Most Atlantic tropical cyclones occur within this period, but not all of them do.  In fact, 2022 is the first year since 2014 in which there was NOT a named Atlantic basin storm before June 1, although it was close: as of June 3, the remnants of Pacific basin Hurricane Agatha, which formed in late May and made landfall in southern Mexico, were predicted to re-form in the Gulf of Mexico as the Atlantic basin's first named storm. [Editor's note, not in the audio: Pre-June named Atlantic storms in the previous seven years were Ana in 2015, Alex in January 2016 and Bonnie in May 2016, Arlene in April 2017, Alberto in May 2018, Andrea in May 2019, Arthur and Bertha in May 2020, and Ana in May 2021.  The first named storm in 2014 was in July.  The National Hurricane Center upgraded Potential Tropical Cyclone One to Tropical Storm Alex around 2 a.m. EDT on June 5, 2022.]Tropical storms and hurricanes are two categories of tropical cyclones, which are rotating storm systems that start in tropical or sub-tropical latitudes.  A tropical cyclone is called a tropical storm—and gets a name—when sustained wind speeds reach 39 miles per hour; at 74 miles per hour, a tropical cyclone is considered a hurricane.  Tropical depressions—with wind speeds below 39 miles per hour—don't get named if they never reach tropical storm wind speed,* but they can still bring damaging rainfall and flooding.  Hurricane-force storms are called typhoonsin northwestern areas of the Pacific Ocean. [Editor's note, not in the audio: A tropical system that never gets above the tropical depression wind-speed level won't be given a name, but a lingering tropical depression that previously was at the wind speed of a tropical storm or hurricane will have a name associated with it.]Before a tropical system of any speed or name barges into the Old Dominion, here are five important preparedness steps recommended by the National Weather Service.1.  Know your zone – that is, find out if you live in a hurricane evacuation area by checking the Virginia Department of Emergency Management's “Hurricane Zone Evacuation Tool,” available online at  vaemergency.gov/prepare, or by contacting your local emergency management office. 2.  Assemble an emergency kit of food, water, flashlights, first aid materials, a battery-powered radio, and other items that would be useful in a power outage.3.  Have a family emergency plan, including plans for evacuating and for getting in touch with one another in an emergency. 4.  Review your insurance policies to ensure that you have adequate coverage for your home and personal property. And 5.  Establish ways to stay informed, especially if the power goes out. Detailed safety tips for hurricanes and other severe weather are available from the “Safety” link at the National Weather Service Web site, www.weather.gov; from the Virginia Department of Emergency Management, online as noted earlier at vaemergency.gov/prepare; and from various other sources. Thanks to eight Blacksburg, Va., friends for lending their voices to this episode.  Thanks also to Chamomile and Whiskey for permission to use this week's music, and we close with about 20 more seconds of “Driving Rain.” MUSIC – ~21 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Driving Rain,” from the 2012 album “The Barn Sessions,” is copyright by Chamomile and Whiskey and by County Wide Records, used with permission.  More information about Chamomile and Whiskey is available online at http://www.chamomileandwhiskey.com/.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 579, 5-31-21. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com. IMAGES Satellite photo of Tropical Storm Alex off the southeastern Atlantic Coast of the United States at 2:51 p.m. EDT (18:51 Z), on June 5, 2022.  Photo from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), “GOES Image Viewer: GOES-East/U.S. Atlantic Coast/Band 1 (Blue Visible)”, online at https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/goes/sector.php?sat=G16§or=eus; specific URL for the photo was https://cdn.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/GOES16/ABI/SECTOR/eus/01/20221561851_GOES16-ABI-eus-01-500x500.jpg, as of June 6, 2022.Predictions for the 2022 Atlantic tropical storm season.  Graphic from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), “NOAA predicts above-normal 2022 Atlantic Hurricane Season; Ongoing La Niña, above-average Atlantic temperatures set the stage for busy season ahead,” May 24, 2022, online at https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaa-predicts-above-normal-2022-atlantic-hurricane-season.Map showing the names, dates, and tracks of named Atlantic basin tropical cyclones (tropical storms and hurricanes) in 2021. Map from the National Hurricane Center, “2021 Atlantic Hurricane Season,” online at https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/index.php?season=2021&basin=atl.“5 Things to Know About Having and Evacuation Plan” poster from the National Weather Service, “What to Do Before the Tropical Storm or Hurricane,” online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-plan.  The site also has posters with “5 Things to Know About…” hurricane hazard risks, strengthening one's home, getting information, and insurance. EXTRA INFORMATION ON TROPICAL CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS The following information is quoted from the National Weather Service, ‘Hurricane Safety,” online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane, as of June 6, 2022. Plan for a Hurricane: What to Do Before the Tropical Storm or Hurricane(online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-plan) “The best time to prepare for a hurricane is before hurricane season begins on June 1.  It is vital to understand your home's vulnerability to storm surge, flooding, and wind.  Here is your checklist of things to do BEFORE hurricane seasons begins.Know your zone: Do you live near the Gulf or Atlantic Coasts?  Find out if you live in a hurricane evacuation area by contacting your local government/emergency management office or, in Virginia, by visiting https://www.vaemergency.gov/hurricane-evacuation-zone-lookup/. Put Together an Emergency Kit: Put together a basic emergency kit; information to do so is online at https://www.ready.gov/kit.  Check emergency equipment, such as flashlights, generators, and storm shutters.Write or review your Family Emergency Plan: Before an emergency happens, sit down with your family or close friends and decide how you will get in contact with each other, where you will go, and what you will do in an emergency.  Keep a copy of this plan in your emergency supplies kit or another safe place where you can access it in the event of a disaster.  Information to help with emergency plan preparation is online at https://www.ready.gov/plan. Review Your Insurance Policies: Review your insurance policies to ensure that you have adequate coverage for your home and personal property.Understand NWS forecast products, especially the meaning of NWS watches and warnings.Preparation tips for your home are available from the Federal Alliance for Safe Homes, online at https://www.flash.org/. Preparation tips for those with chronic illnesses are available from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, online at https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/emergency.htm. Actions to Take When a Tropical Storm or Hurricane Threatens(online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-action) “When a hurricane threatens your community, be prepared to evacuate if you live in a storm surge risk area.  Allow enough time to pack and inform friends and family if you need to leave your home. Secure your home: Cover all of your home's windows.  Permanent storm shutters offer the best protection for windows.  A second option is to board up windows with 5/8 inch exterior grade or marine plywood, built to fit, and ready to install.  Buy supplies before the hurricane season rather than waiting for the pre-storm rush. Stayed tuned in: Check the websites of your local National Weather Service office (online at https://www.weather.gov/) and local government/emergency management office.  Find out what type of emergencies could occur and how you should respond. Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or other radio or TV stations for the latest storm news. Follow instructions issued by local officials. Leave immediately if ordered! If NOT ordered to evacuate: *Take refuge in a small interior room, closet, or hallway on the lowest level during the storm.  Put as many walls between you and the outside as you can. *Stay away from windows, skylights, and glass doors. *If the eye of the storm passes over your area, there will be a short period of calm, but at the other side of the eye, the wind speed rapidly increases to hurricane force winds coming from the opposite direction.” After a Hurricane(online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-after) Continue listening to a NOAA Weather Radio or the local news for the latest updates. If you evacuated, return home only when officials say it is safe. Once home, drive only if necessary and avoid flooded roads and washed-out bridges.  If you must go out, watch for fallen objects in the road, downed electrical wires, and weakened walls, bridges, roads, and sidewalks that might collapse. Walk carefully around the outside of your home to check for loose power lines, gas leaks, and structural damage. Stay out of any building if you smell gas, if floodwaters remain around the building, if the building or home was damaged by fire, or if the authorities have not declared it safe. Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the leading causes of death after storms in areas dealing with power outages.  Never use a portable generator inside your home or garage. Use battery-powered flashlights.  Do NOT use candles.  Turn on your flashlight before entering a vacated building.  The battery could produce a spark that could ignite leaking gas, if present.”

Tsunamis pose a threat to our nation's coastal communities and can have devastating impacts to lives and property. These powerful forces of nature can be caused by events like earthquakes, landslides, and even volcanic activity like the January 2022 eruption in the Tonga Islands region. Although they can't be stopped, detecting and monitoring these waves when they occur can help warn the public of possible danger. In this episode, we speak with Paul Fanelli, Lead Oceanographer for NOAA's National Ocean Service, Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services to learn how water level stations provide critical data to help issue alerts, and about the unique wave caused by the Tonga eruption. Episode permanent link, transcript, and show notes

Nature-based solutions – or NBS – are front and center in major policy changes in the US  (Executive Order 14008: Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act) that emphasize the urgent need to take action to build climate resiliency and significantly renew and upgrade the country's infrastructure. In this episode, host Sarah Thorne and Todd Bridges, Senior Research Scientist for Environmental Science with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the National Lead of the Engineering With Nature® Program, are joined by Steve Thur, Director of the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NCCOS is the marine science entity of the National Ocean Service, and its role is to serve the science needs of NOAA, other federal and state government partners, and decision makers. We discuss how the practice of Engineering With Nature and the application of NBS are evolving, and the importance of protecting critical coastal ecosystems. We're also telling the story of a powerful collaboration and partnership between the USACE and the NOAA.   Todd and Steve begin by talking about the challenges and opportunities in working jointly across the boundaries of organizations in a “whole-of-government” approach. Their collaboration started with a workshop in 2016 to discuss the shared interests and synergies between USACE and NOAA on using natural and nature-based features to improve coastal resilience and increase environmental value and social benefits. Six years later the collaboration is still paying dividends.   Steve's initial interest in EWN was the opportunity to apply his personal passion – to wisely use marine resources to make society better – by using science to inform coastal management. His unusual academic background – degrees in biology and economics – come together in his focus on the wise use of marine resources.  As he explains, “EWN solutions offer us the potential for win-win-win solutions – mitigating flood risks, restoring habitats, helping with fisheries, protecting threatened and endangered species, and providing many social benefits, such as recreation. When one application or project can touch on so many societal benefits, I see that as a huge win for efficiency and it's something we should be involved in.”   Todd relates the challenges along the coasts, home to 40% of the American population, to a previous EWN Podcast episode (Season 3 Episode 9) where we discussed the need to rebalance California's inland water system. “Because of the development that's occurred along our coasts in the last 150 years, we also need to rebalance coastlines and find opportunities to harmonize engineering with natural systems to make our coasts more resilient. To create that kind of integration requires USACE and NOAA, with their respective mission sets, to find the complementarity needed to pursue these kinds of integrated solutions.  NOAA-NCCOS is leaning into this with us and it's producing great outcomes.”   The first two projects that the USACE and NOAA-NCCOS collaborated on were located at Mordecai Island, NJ and Swan Island, MD, a part of the Martin National Wildlife Refuge at Smith Island in the Chesapeake Bay. In both cases, dredged material was used to rebuild eroding islands, providing coastal protection and wildlife habitat, along with social benefits. Steve notes that the Swan Island Project demonstrates how a relatively small investment in science by NOAA can be used to effectively leverage larger investments by organizations like the USACE. He adds, “We're collecting this data, not only to monitor the performance of Swan Island, but hopefully to inform future similar projects done around the country. How can we demonstrate that this is effective from an engineering standpoint, from an ecological standpoint and from a social standpoint, and if it works here, what we can take and apply in different regions to ‘green up' additional practices to get these win-win-win solutions?”   These projects have generated a lot of interest with policy and decision makers in Washington DC. As Steve describes, “We sponsored an ‘all interested' staff briefing on Capitol Hill several years ago that had 82 participants, at least 45 of those were congressional staffers who work directly for Committees responsible for drafting legislation, for oversight of Executive Branch Agencies, and the personal staff of individual members of Congress. Having 40 or more congressional staff at one time hearing a message about partnership, engineering, and nature is unheard of. It was a tremendous success, and we came out of it with numerous follow-up actions and a lot of inquiries from people interested in learning more about what we were doing.” Follow-up included an on-site visit to the Swan Island project area with Congressional staffers, members of Congress from the area, and staff from the Maryland Governor's office. For participants, the first-hand experience of the site visit was invaluable.   Recent outreach to policy and decision makers included a briefing on the International NNBF Guidelines by Todd to the White House Coastal Resilience Interagency Working Group in September, 2021. In March 2022 Steve and Todd, along with Dr. Sherry Hunt of the US Department of Agriculture, provided testimony From Gray to Green: Advancing the Science of Nature-based Infrastructure to the House Science, Space, & Technology Committee. Steve highlighted three research gaps: the need to continue to assess performance of NBS; the need to quantify ecosystem services that NBS provide; and the need to understand the public's perceptions of NBS. Todd reflected on the Members' interest in how this translated to their districts: “I found it very motivating, having this opportunity to testify, and the really serious way our legislators are attending to this opportunity of nature-based solutions.” Steve added: “The Members shared some personal stories about their experiences being out in nature and looking at some of the benefits that we get from natural and nature-based features for their local communities. This really underscored for me that NBS are applicable across our great nation for both risk reduction and ecological service provision.”   We close the episode by discussing what is next for broader collaboration between NOAA and the USACE on EWN.  As Steve notes, NOAA is going to use their specialized skills and capabilities to evaluate the performance of NBS over time: “This year we're going to start a research program to look at multiple nature-based features that have already been constructed. We're going to assess them for their current status and compare those to the ‘as built' conditions from several years ago. We hope to be able to discern how they have performed and evolved over time. We're also looking to get baseline data on new projects.” Todd adds that the need to measure performance of NBS in coastal systems is very important: “Developing resilience along our coastlines is not a battle of a few years. It's a battle of decades. We really have to take a long view, and fortunately, in the case of NBS, there are natural analogs ­– 500,000 acres of mangroves around Florida, millions of acres of wetlands along our coastlines. There's so much known about these systems already. There's an opportunity to understand the performance of these systems.” EWN also has a policy research project underway now that will provide insights for evaluating and documenting the comprehensive benefits produced by NBS projects, including the engineering, economic, environmental, and social value of projects.   The partnership between NOAA-NCCOS and USACE really demonstrates the power of bringing people and organizations with diverse experience together to deliver nature-based solutions to produce coastal resilience.   Related Links EWN Website ERDC Website Todd Bridges at EWN Todd Bridges at LinkedIn Network of Engineering With Nature EWN Atlas Series International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management Executive Order No. 14008, Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act EWN Podcast S1E5: Collaborating to Create Wildlife Habitat While Restoring Islands and Improving Community Resilience EWN Podcast S3E2: Considering and Evaluating the Benefits of Natural Infrastructure Bridges Briefs White House Coastal Resilience Interagency Working Group on International NNBF Guidelines   Steve Thur at LinkedIn Steve Thur at NCCOS The National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS)   S. House of Representatives Committee Hearing: Advancing the Science of Nature-Based Infrastructure From Gray to Green: Advancing the Science of Nature-Based Infrastructure. Hearing of the Subcommittee on Environment: US House Science, Space, & Technology Committee Sherry Hunt at LinkedIn

In this month's episode of the American Blue Economy Podcast, our host Admiral Tim Gallaudet guides us on the topic of coastal resilience We look at ways to achieve coastal resilience and how that contributes to the American Blue Economy by protecting communities and businesses. Our coasts are subject to a range of challenges, including those associated with climate change (addressed in October's podcast), tropical storms, pollution, invasive species, competing uses, erosion, hypoxia and harmful algal blooms, in addition to the COVID-caused economic downturn. With encouraging contributions from the following superstar cast of his former NOAA colleagues and partners, Admiral Gallaudet highlights the positive steps being taken to make coastal communities more resilient to them. Dr. Robert Twilley, Chairman of the Board & Interim Executive Director of the Coastal Sustainability Studio, Professor, LSU College of the Coast & Environment, former Executive Director, Louisiana Sea Grant Ed Levine, Managing Director of Scientific Support & Coordination, LLC., Former NOAA OR&R SSC, Vice Chair of the committee to revise the Oil In the Sea, IV publication at National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Pat Montanio, Former Director of NOAA Fisheries's Office of Habitat Conservation Dr. Kandis Boyd, Deputy Division Director at the National Science Foundation, and former acting Director of NOAA Research's WPO Dr. Russell Callender, Director of Washington Sea Grant, Former NOAA Assistant Administrator and head of National Ocean Service

This week we have a special guest host…Olive the Olive Ridley Turtle! Olive's going to take us down to the Great Barrier Reef where we'll breathe and stretch while we learn all about coral reefs and why they're so important to us. Don't forget to write down each episode's special code word this season! Once you have all 10 code words you can unscramble them to make up the special sentence about oceans! Enter your guess at our website (www.PeaceOutPodcast.com) and we'll announce the winner at our live season finale on Zoom in January 2022. You can already register for this event on our website too. Like Peace Out? We'd love it if you left us 5 stars and subscribe on your favourite podcast app. This helps other children and families find out about us. Thank you! If you'd like to sponsor our podcast, check out our Patreon page.   Resources What Are Coral Reefs? LiveScience Great Barrier Reef UNESCO World Heritage Conservation Guide to the Great Barrier Reef Australia.com Why is the Great Barrier Reef in Trouble? BBC Great Barrier Reef | Exploring Oceans National Geographic (YouTube, approx. 4 min.) Amazing Turtle's Eye View of the Great Barrier Reef World Wildlife Federation (approx. 4 min. video) What can I do to protect coral reefs? (National Ocean Service)   Peace Out Podcast Producer, Writer, Host                                            Chanel Tsang Sound Editing                                                           Noah Glenn at Perpetual Motion   Music credit: Odyssey Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Light Awash Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/   Full episode script is available upon request. Please e-mail hello@chaneltsang.com

This week on Coastal Conundrum, we're excited to welcome back Nicole LeBoeuf, the Assistant Administrator for NOAA's National Ocean Service, to talk about what the Nation's premiere coastal and ocean agency has been up to since 2020. The show focuses on new themes, initiatives, and changes across the ocean service related to enhancing coastal resilience in the face of climate change impacts and the promotion of green infrastructure. Link to Ocean Service modeling vision Link to initiative on integrating Equity into NOAA's work Link to High Tide flooding and sea level rise work Link to NOAA USACE International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management

Today, we will be discussing the importance of ocean conservation with conservationist, Sruthi Gurudev.  According to the National Ocean Service, our oceans cover 70% of the earth's surface and produce over half of the world's oxygen and absorb 50 times more carbon than our atmosphere.  As Sylvia Earle, an oceanographer so aptly put; “With every drop of water you drink, every breath you take, you're connected to the sea.  No matter where on Earth you live.  Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere is generated by the sea.”And right now, our oceans need our attention.  The oceans do so much for us and it is now time we return the favor.  Sylvia Earle also stated; “Many of us ask what can I as one person do, but history shows us that everything good and bad starts because somebody does something or does not do something.”  Sruthi Gurudev is doing something to help our oceans.  She is a passionate ocean conservationist.  While diving in the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, Sruthi recognized the coral was bleached which transformed her understanding of what was really happening to our oceans.  This dive inspired Sruthi to create an e-magazine called An Hour in the Deep, where she gives young conservationists a platform to tell a story while incorporating science about the threats our oceans face.  Sruthi has been recognized as a National Geographic Explorer for her work in ocean conservation.  She is also a youth council member of Reserva: The Youth Land Trust whose mission is to empower young people to make a difference for threatened species and habitats through story-telling, education, and conservation.During this podcast, Sruthi will share her origin story as to how she became a young conservationist and why our youth are critical to helping reshape the way we address conservation.  She will also address issues with overfishing, why marine protected areas are vital for ocean health, and what simple measures we can take to help conserve our oceans. 

We're all familiar with heat waves on land, but did you know they can happen in the ocean as well? Marine heat waves, where ocean temperatures spike unusually high for a period of time, are becoming more frequent and intense as a result of climate change. They can impact a range of ecosystems, including kelp forests—beautiful, biodiverse, productive ecosystems that are often overlooked in discussions about climate change's effect on the ocean. In this episode of the Stanford SciCast, the hosts, Erin Cole and May Aye, dive into further details of exactly how marine heat waves impact kelp forests as they learn from their two guests. Jessica Benthuysen, a world-leading physical oceanographer based at the Australian Institute of Marine Science, helps us understand the physics of marine heat waves. Fiorenza Micheli, a marine ecologist based at Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station, explains the effects of marine heat waves on kelp forests and the importance of protecting these ecosystems. To read the inspiration for this podcast topic, visit https://science-sciencemag-org.stanford.idm.oclc.org/content/367/6478/635.1. You can learn more about Dr. Micheli's research at https://michelilab.stanford.edu/ and about Dr. Benthuysen's research at https://www.aims.gov.au/our-people/dr-jessica-benthuysen. Image Credit: "Kelp Forest" by NOAA's National Ocean Service is licensed under CC BY 2.0 Music Credit: “Little Mermaids Tune” by Eardeer is licensed under CC BY 3.0. “Curious Process” by Podington Bear is licensed under CC BY-NC 3.0. “Epiphany” by Podington Bear is licensed under CC BY-NC 3.0. “Playmate” by Podington Bear is licensed under CC BY-NC 3.0. All audio clips used for educational purposes under Fair Use.

What do harmful algal blooms, dust from the Saharan desert, and hurricanes have in common? They are all pieces of the puzzle that modeling puts together to give us the big picture when it comes to studying and understanding our ocean and coasts. In part two of this two-part episode, we continue our conversation with scientist Dr. Tracy Fanara about how modeling supports NOAA mission areas and supports coastal communities. We discuss how modeling helps these communities reduce risks to their lives and livelihoods, and how the National Ocean Service works to meet the evolving needs of those who are impacted. Episode permanent link, transcript, and show notes

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:05). Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 6-4-21. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of June 7, 2021. MUSIC – ~10 seconds - instrumentalThat's part of “Tropical Tantrum,” composed for Virginia Water Radio in 2017 by Torrin Hallett, a recent graduate of Lamont School of Music at the University of Denver.  The music sets the stage for our annual preview of the Atlantic basin tropical cyclone season.  We start with some guest voices, calling out names that, if we're lucky, will not become infamous this summer or fall.   Have a listen for about 30 seconds, and see if you can guess who—or rather, what—is being named. GUEST VOICES - ~30 sec – “Ana.  Bill.  Claudette.  Danny.  Elsa.  Fred.  Grace.  Henri.  Ida.  Julian.  Kate.  Larry.  Mindy.  Nicholas.  Odette.  Peter.  Rose.  Sam.  Teresa.  Victor.  Wanda.” If you guessed the names planned for storms that may occur during this year's Atlantic tropical cyclone season, you're right!  The Atlantic basin includes the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic tropical cyclone season runs officially from June 1 through November 30.  Most Atlantic tropical cyclones occur within this period, but not all of them.  For the past six years in the Atlantic basin, named storms have formed before June 1, including Alex in January 2016, and this year, Ana, which strengthened into a tropical storm on May 23. [Editor's note, not in the audio: Other recent pre-June named Atlantic storms include Arlene in April 2017, Alberto in May 2018, Andrea in May 2019, and Arthur in May 2020.]Tropical storms and hurricanes are two categories of tropical cyclones, which are rotating storm systems that start in tropical or sub-tropical latitudes.  A tropical cyclone is called a tropical storm—and gets a name—when sustained wind speeds reach 39 miles per hour; at 74 miles per hour, a tropical cyclone is considered a hurricane.  Tropical depressions—with wind speeds below 39 miles per hour—don't get named if they never reach tropical storm wind speed,* but they can still bring damaging rainfall and flooding.  Hurricane-force storms are called typhoons in northwestern areas of the Pacific Ocean.[Editor's note, not in the audio: A tropical system that never gets above the tropical depression wind-speed level won't be given a name.  But a lingering tropical depression that previously was at the wind speed of a tropical storm or hurricane will have a name associated with it.]Before a tropical system of any speed or name barges into the Old Dominion, here are some important preparedness steps recommended by the National Weather Service. Know your zone – that is, find out if you live in a hurricane evacuation area by checking the Virginia Department of Emergency Management's “Know Your Zone” Web site, or contacting your local emergency management office. Assemble an emergency kit of food, water, medicines, and supplies. Have a family emergency plan, including plans for evacuating and for getting in touch with one another in an emergency. Review your insurance policiesto ensure that you have adequate coverage for your home and personal property. And establish ways to stay informed, especially if the power goes out, and be sure you understand the meaning of Weather Service forecast terms. Detailed safety tips for hurricanes and other severe weather are available from the “Safety” link at the National Weather Service Web site, www.weather.gov. Thanks to several Blacksburg, Va., friends for lending their voices to this episode.  Thanks also to Torrin Hallett for this week's music, and we close with the last 15 seconds of “Tropical Tantrum.” MUSIC – ~15 seconds - instrumental SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Tropical Tantrum” is copyright 2017 by Torrin Hallett, used with permission.  Torrin is a 2018 graduate of Oberlin College and Conservatory in Oberlin, Ohio, a 2020 graduate in Horn Performance from Manhattan School of Music in New York, and a 2021 candidate of the Lamont School of Music at the University of Denver.  More information about Torrin is available online at https://www.facebook.com/torrin.hallett.  Thanks very much to Torrin for composing the piece especially for Virginia Water Radio.  This music was used previously in several episodes, most recently in Episode 526, 5-25-20, the 2020 Atlantic tropical storm season preview.  Click here to hear the full piece (28 seconds). Thanks very much to Blacksburg friends who recorded the planned tropical cyclone names.Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Predictions for the 2021 Atlantic tropical storm season.  Graphic from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “NOAA Predicts Another Active Atlantic Hurricane Season,” 5/20/21, online at https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/noaa-predicts-another-active-atlantic-hurricane-season.Map showing the names, dates, and tracks of named Atlantic basin tropical cyclones (tropical storms and hurricanes) in 2020. Map from the National Hurricane Center, “2020 Atlantic Hurricane Season,” online at https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/index.php?season=2020&basin=atl.One of several “5 Things to Know About…” posters related to hurricane safety, provided by the National Weather Service, “What to Do Before the Tropical Storm or Hurricane,” online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-plan.  The other posters in the series cover evacuation planning, strengthening one's home, getting information, and updating insurance. EXTRA INFORMATION ON TROPICAL CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS The following information is quoted from the National Weather Service, ‘Hurricane Safety,” online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane. Plan for a Hurricane: What to Do Before the Tropical Storm or Hurricane(online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-plan)“The best time to prepare for a hurricane is before hurricane season begins on June 1.  It is vital to understand your home's vulnerability to storm surge, flooding, and wind.  Here is your checklist of things to do BEFORE hurricane seasons begins.Know your zone: Do you live near the Gulf or Atlantic Coasts?  Find out if you live in a hurricane evacuation area by contacting your local government/emergency management office or, in Virginia, by visiting https://www.vaemergency.gov/hurricane-evacuation-zone-lookup/. Put Together an Emergency Kit: Put together a basic emergency kit; information to do so is online at https://www.ready.gov/kit.  Check emergency equipment, such as flashlights, generators, and storm shutters.Write or review your Family Emergency Plan: Before an emergency happens, sit down with your family or close friends and decide how you will get in contact with each other, where you will go, and what you will do in an emergency.  Keep a copy of this plan in your emergency supplies kit or another safe place where you can access it in the event of a disaster.  Information to help with emergency plan preparation is online at https://www.ready.gov/plan. Review Your Insurance Policies: Review your insurance policies to ensure that you have adequate coverage for your home and personal property.Understand NWS forecast products, especially the meaning of NWS watches and warnings.Preparation tips for your home are available from the Federal Alliance for Safe Homes, online at https://www.flash.org/. Preparation tips for those with chronic illnesses are available from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, online at https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/emergency.htm.Actions to Take When a Tropical Storm or Hurricane Threatens(online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-action) “When a hurricane threatens your community, be prepared to evacuate if you live in a storm surge risk area.  Allow enough time to pack and inform friends and family if you need to leave your home. Secure your home: Cover all of your home's windows.  Permanent storm shutters offer the best protection for windows.  A second option is to board up windows with 5/8 inch exterior grade or marine plywood, built to fit, and ready to install.  Buy supplies before the hurricane season rather than waiting for the pre-storm rush. Stayed tuned in: Check the websites of your local National Weather Service office (online at https://www.weather.gov/) and local government/emergency management office.  Find out what type of emergencies could occur and how you should respond. Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or other radio or TV stations for the latest storm news. Follow instructions issued by local officials. Leave immediately if ordered! If NOT ordered to evacuate: *Take refuge in a small interior room, closet, or hallway on the lowest level during the storm.  Put as many walls between you and the outside as you can. *Stay away from windows, skylights, and glass doors. *If the eye of the storm passes over your area, there will be a short period of calm, but at the other side of the eye, the wind speed rapidly increases to hurricane force winds coming from the opposite direction.” After a Hurricane(online at https://www.weather.gov/safety/hurricane-after) Continue listening to a NOAA Weather Radio or the local news for the latest updates. If you evacuated, return home only when officials say it is safe. Once home, drive only if necessary and avoid flooded roads and washed-out bridges.  If you must go out, watch for fallen objects in the road, downed electrical wires, and weakened walls, bridges, roads, and sidewalks that might collapse. Walk carefully around the outside of your home to check for loose power lines, gas leaks, and structural damage. Stay out of any building if you smell gas, if floodwaters remain around the building, if the building or home was damaged by fire, or if the authorities have not declared it safe. Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the leading causes of death after storms in areas dealing with power outages.  Never use a portable generator inside your home or garage. Use battery-powered flashlights.  Do NOT use candles.  Turn on your flashlight before entering a vacated building.  The battery could produce a spark that could ignite leaking gas, if present.” EXTRA INFORMATION ON TROPICAL CYCLONE NAMES The following information is quoted from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, “Tropical Cyclone Names,” online at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml, as of 6-8-21.“Since 1953, Atlantic tropical storms had been named from lists originated by the National Hurricane Center.  They are now maintained and updated through a strict procedure by an international committee of the World Meteorological Organization [online at http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/]. “[Six lists] are used in rotation and re-cycled every six years, i.e., the 2019 list will be used again in 2025.  The only time that there is a change in the list is if a storm is so deadly or costly that the future use of its name on a different storm would be inappropriate for reasons of sensitivity.  If that occurs, then at an annual meeting by the WMO committee (called primarily to discuss many other issues) the offending name is stricken from the list and another name is selected to replace it.  Several names have been retired since the lists were created.  [More information on the hi

This week is less cold and more strange. Wes talks about the crazy story of Skin-walker Ranch and Abigail Tells the story of three missing lighthouse keepers. Follow us on Instagram and Twitter: @Penandpurgatory Sources: envirozentinel63. “When Three Isn't a Crowd: The Mystery of Eilean Mor.” ASPire, 6 Feb. 2018, sentinel63.wordpress.com/2016/06/10/when-three-isnt-a-crowd-the-mystery-of-eilean-mor/. Lamoureux, Mack. Three Men Vanished from a Scottish Island 120 Years Ago and People Are Still Looking, 4 Apr. 2019, www.vice.com/en/article/vbw9x3/three-men-vanished-from-a-scottish-island-120-years-ago-and-people-are-still-looking. Merritt, Mike. “Has Mystery of Flannan Isles Finally Been Solved?” The Sunday Post, DC Thompson Media, 22 Nov. 2018, www.sundaypost.com/news/scottish-news/has-mystery-of-flannan-isles-finally-been-solved/. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “What Is a Rogue Wave?” NOAA's National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. , 1 June 2013, oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/roguewaves.html. Roper, Clyde MD. “Giant Squid.” Smithsonian Ocean, Smithsonian Museum , 24 June 2019, ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/giant-squid. Janos, Adam. “How Skinwalker Ranch Became a Hotbed of Paranormal Activity.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 17 Jan. 2020, www.history.com/news/skinwalker-ranch-paranormal-ufos-mutilation. Schiefer, Christine, and Em Schulz. “Paranormal Toontown and 40,001 Mystery Experiments.” Paranormal Toontown and 40,001 Mystery Experiments, season 1, episode 78, 29 July 2018. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/penance-and-purgatory/support

Teens Teach Technology (0:00:00) Quarantine has made us more dependent on technology than ever before. But during this transition to near completely virtual lives, what about the generation that doesn't have the same knowledge about technology that we do? Many of these older adults are being left behind without any opportunities to learn how to use these devices. This is the mission of Teens Teach Technology, a youth organization led by teenagers dedicated to teaching older adults how to properly use their technology. Today, we're joined by their founder, Asmita Mittal, and Nicole Lau, their head of PR. They're here to talk with us about their efforts to make us more media literate.   Getting Out of a Rut (0:19:32) Lisa and Richie talk about what they do when they feel like they're getting stuck in a rut.   Plant Propagation at Home (0:35:30) They've taken up residence in the corners of our rooms, on our windowsills, and hanging from our ceilings—houseplants... they now fill our homes. And while plant ownership might have started as a trend, it has now firmly taken root in our culture. But what if you could do more than you might have thought with your favorite houseplants? Plant propagation is one way you can expand your houseplant operations. So, we invited Darryl Cheng on the show to tell us more about it. He's the author of The New Plant Parent and creator of House Plant Journal.   I'm Not a Juvenile Delinquent (0:52:44) “There is a balm in Gilead” or so the verse goes. In the context of the New Testament, the balm is a reference to spiritual medicine. But for Sharon Charde and the girls of Touchstone residential treatment center, it took the form of medicine of a literary nature. For 10 years, Sharon conducted weekly writing therapy sessions with the girls of Touchstone. Here to discuss her experiences and that of the girls of Touchstone is Sharon Charde, licensed professional counselor and author of I am not a Juvenile Delinquent.   Great Pacific Garbage Patch (1:13:57) Everyone knows that plastic enters the ocean in large amounts every year. But did you know that there is so much plastic that enters the ocean that there is an entire island of it in the Pacific Ocean? This is called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, and island might not even be the correct word to describe it as there is enough plastic to make up many islands. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch grows in size each year and has become an extreme problem. Nancy Wallace, a member of the National Ocean Service, is here today to help us better understand the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and how it affects us.   Fall Hair Trends (1:27:34) Today's hair trends tend to not be as dramatic as the Farrah Fawcett look, but we still have them nonetheless. In the summer, people cut their hair short and get brightly colored highlights. But what are the hair trends during the fall? Today, we've invited friend of the show and instructor for L'oreal Professionnel, Michelle Lindsay, on the show to tell us all we need to know about 2020's fall hair trends.

Eles são os mais perigosos na natureza: hoje o Vale 10 traz os 10 animais mais perigosos que existem. LINKS: - Elefante virando moto: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAwyLbDAU8I - Hipopótamo de estimação: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWgB1hyOHWc VALE INDICA: - Filme: Tubarão - Jogo: Among Us · Nos apoie! - https://apoia.se/vale10podcast REDES SOCIAIS DO PODCAST: - Facebook: https://facebook.com/podcastvale10/ - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vale10podcast/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/vale10podcast - E-mail: podcastvale10@gmail.com - YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCS5rrfULmlLe7i5fsZp_eww MINHAS REDES SOCIAIS: - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/rodolfobrenner/ - Twitter: https://twitter.com/BrennerRodolfo MÚSICAS USADAS NESTE EPISÓDIO: - Abertura: “Countdown in After Effects - Free Template” - Abdelhamid Zarouati - Transição: “Livin' Up (Sting)” - Otis McDonald - Vale Indica: “Left U Into (Sting)” - Otis McDonald - Início e Fim: Pixabay© FONTES: Sites BBC, G1, National Geographic, Reuters, UOL, Florida Museum of Natural History, Último Segundo, Terra, HowStuffWorks, NOAA's National Ocean Service, Estadão, Jornal das Viagens, Perito Animal, Ministério da Saúde, Planet Deadly, Atlas do Mundo, The Telegraph, SoCientífica, Correio Braziliense, BBC, Megacurioso, HiperCultura, ScienceAlert, Aventuras na História.

Coral reefs are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth. Unfortunately, they are declining due to manmade and natural threats. NOAA’s National Coral Reef Monitoring Program (NCRMP) is a massive, collaborative effort that was developed to collect scientifically sound, geographically comprehensive biological, climate, and socioeconomic data in U.S. coral reef areas. In this episode, we speak with Shay Viehman, a Research Ecologist with NOAA’s National Ocean Service in the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, and a contributor to the NCRMP, to learn how NOAA divers turn the data they collect from underwater missions into usable summaries that help scientists study and protect U.S. coral reef ecosystems. Episode permanent link and show notes

Guest: Dr. Greg Dusek, NOAA Ocean ServiceThe oceans hold more than 96% of the Earth’s water, and it’s the motions of those oceans we’re focusing on today! As people hit the beaches, many are unaware of underlying dangers lurking close to shore, and we’re not talking about JAWS… We’re talking about RIP CURRENTS, which lead to some 30,000 rescues EACH YEAR! Today’s guest is Dr. Greg Dusek, Senior Scientist at NOAA’s National Ocean Service, and he knows all about rip currents. We’ll discuss how to spot these hazards and how you can break the grip of the rip. We also couldn’t let Greg get away without discussing a few other topics, so if you’re already wondering what a meteotsunami is...we’ll get to those later. Let’s dive in!

D-Day, codenamed Operation Neptune, was the largest amphibious landing not only in World War II, but in history. It marked the start of the liberation of German-occupied France (and later western Europe) and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front. But what most people don't know is that ocean tides played a crucial role in the initial phase of this historic day. In this episode, hear the story of D-Day from the perspective of the science of tides and tide predictions. We interview Greg Dusek, a physical oceanographer and senior scientist at the Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, or CO-OPS — the tides and currents office of the National Ocean Service. Episode permanent link and show notes

Discover the many free lesson plans, tutorials, fun activities, and other educational material offered by the National Ocean Service for educators, for students, for parents — or for anyone who wants to learn about our ocean and coasts. Episode permanent link and show notes

Nicole LeBoeuf is the Assistant Administrator of NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS), the nation’s premier ocean and coastal science agency. Its mission is to provide science-based solutions through collaborative partnerships to address evolving economic, environmental and social pressures on our marine environment. NOS is a powerhouse agency and Nicole is the leader helping shape the nation's response to climate change. Compelling show, fantastic guest. Coastal News Today and the American Shoreline Podcast Network: Insight & Intelligence for Thriving Shorelines

June 1 is the start of the Atlantic hurricane season. Are you prepared? To help, learn the many ways the National Ocean Service responds to hurricanes, as well as easy steps you can take to be ready for whatever the season brings. Episode permanent link and show notes

What is the atmosphere? Atmosphere of Earth (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth) Evolution of Earth's atmosphere (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth#Evolution_of_Earth.27s_atmosphere) Earth's early atmosphere (Universe Today) (https://www.universetoday.com/26659/earths-early-atmosphere/) A lecture on Earth's atmosphere (The Ohio State University) (http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast141/Unit3/Lect10_Atmos.pdf) Gaseous composition of dry air (Columbia University) (http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/slides/climate/table_1.html) Not definitive, but a discussion around 'How is the equilibrium of 21% oxygen in Earth's atmosphere established?' (Earth Science Stack Exchange) (https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/4574/how-is-the-equilibrium-of-21-oxygen-in-earths-atmosphere-established) The first cells were anaerobic, i.e. they didn't use oxygen (Windows 2 Universe) (http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Life/first_life.html) The great oxygenation event: The event that transformed Earth (BBC) (http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150701-the-origin-of-the-air-we-breathe) Geological history of oxygen (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological_history_of_oxygen) Greenhouse gases kept early Earth warm (ABC, Australia) (http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2013/07/22/3805154.htm?site=starhunt&topic=space) Stromatolites (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromatolite) Stromatolites: The oldest fossils (Fossil Museum) (http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Tree_of_Life/Stromatolites.htm) Photosynthesis (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis) What is the atmosphere like on other planets? (Universe Today) (https://www.universetoday.com/35796/atmosphere-of-the-planets/) Planetary atmospheres (Penn State University) (http://www2.astro.psu.edu/users/rbc/a1/lec29n.html) Did Mars' magnetic field die with a whimper or a bang? (Science, AAAS) (http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2009/04/did-marss-magnetic-field-die-whimper-or-bang) Mars' magnetic field (Technical University of Denmark) (http://www.space.dtu.dk/english/Research/Universe_and_Solar_System/magnetic_field) What keeps Earth's atmosphere bound to Earth? (EarthSky) (http://earthsky.org/earth/what-keeps-earths-atmosphere-on-earth) Earth's magnetic field provides vital protection (ESA) (http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Cluster/Earth_s_magnetic_field_provides_vital_protection) A magnetic surprise from Venus (Astrobiology Magazine) (http://www.astrobio.net/also-in-news/a-magnetic-surprise-from-venus/) Core of Venus (Universe Today) (https://www.universetoday.com/36161/core-of-venus/) Venera 13: First colour pictures from Venus (Space.com) (http://www.space.com/18551-venera-13.html) Olympus Mons: The largest volcano in the solar system (BBC) (http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/solarsystem/solar_system_highlights/olympus_mons) Atmosphere of Jupiter (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Jupiter) Atmosphere of Saturn (Universe Today) (https://www.universetoday.com/24029/atmosphere-of-saturn/) Atmospheric pressure: Definition & facts (LiveScience) (http://www.livescience.com/39315-atmospheric-pressure.html) Mean sea level pressure (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure#Mean_sea_level_pressure) How does pressure change with ocean depth? (National Ocean Service) (http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pressure.html) Total Recall: The scene where he imagines his eyes pop out when his space helmet breaks (not from The Running Man) (YouTube) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpUVPvsIF5w) How long can a human survive in outer space? (How Stuff Works, Science) (http://science.howstuffworks.com/question540.htm) Why your blood would boil in space (BBC) (http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160617-why-your-blood-would-boil-in-space) What is boiling? (Libretext Chemistry) (https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Phase_Transitions/Boiling) Steam (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam) It's hard to get a good cup of tea on Mount Everest as water boils at a lower temperature (Dynamic Science) (http://www.dynamicscience.com.au/tester/solutions1/space%20science/Demonstration%20of%20boiling%20point.htm) How your lungs work (How Stuff Works, Health) (http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/respiratory/lung.htm/printable) Positive airway pressure (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_airway_pressure) Melting & boiling points of water (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius#Melting_and_boiling_points_of_water) Earth's atmospheric layers (NASA) (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/science/atmosphere-layers2.html) Kármán line: 100 km above sea level & commonly represents the boundary between our atmosphere & outer space, also where aeronautics becomes astronautics (Wikipedia) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kármán_line) The Right Stuff (IMDb) (http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0086197/) The troposphere & tropopause (Encyclopedia.com) (http://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/troposphere-and-tropopause) The heliosphere & heliopause (Encyclopaedia Britannica) (https://www.britannica.com/topic/heliopause) What is an aurora? (NASA) (https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/aurora/en/) The Earth's ionosphere (Stanford University) (http://solar-center.stanford.edu/SID/activities/ionosphere.html) Why do radio signals travel farther at night than in the day? (Gizmodo) (https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2015/01/why-do-radio-signals-travel-farther-at-night-than-in-the-day/) Ozone basics (NOAA) (http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm) Ozone depletion (Ozone Hole) (http://www.ozone-hole.org.uk/05.php) Formation of the ozone layer: "Ozone played a significant role in the evolution of life on Earth, & allows life as we presently know it to exist" (NASA, GES DISC) (https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ozone/additional/science-focus/about-ozone/ozone_formation.shtml) "One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules before it is removed from the stratosphere" (EPA) (https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/basic-ozone-layer-science) How to protect astronauts from space radiation on Mars (NASA) (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/real-martians-how-to-protect-astronauts-from-space-radiation-on-mars) How do we protect the astronauts from space radiation? (NASA) (https://srag.jsc.nasa.gov/spaceradiation/how/how.cfm) 'Seeing' cosmic rays in space (Universe Today) (https://www.universetoday.com/94714/seeing-cosmic-rays-in-space/) Where are you from? Send us a postcard! Strange Attractor, c/ PO Box 9, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia Corrections "The solar storm of August 1972 is legendary at NASA because it occurred in between two Apollo missions: the crew of Apollo 16 had returned to Earth in April & the crew of Apollo 17 was preparing for a moon landing in December" (NASA) (https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/stereo/news/stereo_astronauts.html) This is what Johnny figured out in a Spanish toilet How to measure the circumference of the Earth (Khan Academy) (https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/nasa/measuringuniverse/measure-the-solarsystem/v/eratosthenes_measures_earth) Check out our new Fireside home Find aaaaall the great episodes & show notes & handy instructions should you feel like leaving us a cheeky iTunes review...go on...we know you want to! (http://strangeattractor.random.productions) Image credit: Garðar Ólafsson photography

The Diving Deeper podcast has retired, but have no fear! We combined our Diving Deeper, Making Waves, and Ocean Shorts pods into one NEW podcast called NOAA Ocean. Subscribe in your favorite podcatcher so you never miss an episode. Just search for "NOAA Ocean." If you are looking for an older Diving Deeper podcast, head to oceanservice.noaa.gov/podcast to view our archive.

The Diving Deeper podcast has retired, but have no fear! We combined our Diving Deeper, Making Waves, and Ocean Shorts podcasts into one NEW podcast called NOAA Ocean. Subscribe to the new podcast in your favorite podcatcher so you never miss an episode. Just search for "NOAA Ocean." If you are looking for an older Diving Deeper podcast, head to oceanservice.noaa.gov/podcast to view our archive.

Listen in as we talk about coral reef health, specifically how reefs respond to stressful events like coral bleaching. Episode permanent link and show notes

Listen in as we talk about coral reef health, specifically how reefs respond to stressful events like coral bleaching. Episode permanent link and show notes

Coral reefs are under intense pressure from climate change, pollution, and unsustainable use. So what can we do about it? To answer that question, we need to better understand the main threat to our reefs. Humans. Tune in to this excerpt from a longer interview we posted back in March 2016 with NOAA social scientists Maria Dillard and Peter Edwards. Episode permanent link and show notes

In this episode, we talk with a NOAA economist about our ocean economy and how, no matter where you live in the United States, you are connected to our ocean economy. Episode permanent link and show notes

Dive into our latest Diving Deeper audio podcast as we explore the effects of microplastics on our ocean and Great Lakes environment. Episode permanent link and show notes

Dive into our latest Diving Deeper audio podcast as we explore the effects of microplastics on our ocean and Great Lakes environment. Episode permanent link and show notes

In this episode, we talk with a NOAA expert about how (and why) we forecast harmful algal blooms. Episode permanent link and show notes

One hundred and four years ago this month, the RMS Titanic sank after striking an iceberg on her maiden voyage from the United Kingdom to New York City. In recognition of this tragedy, we present an interview with Jim Delgado, Director of Maritime Heritage with NOS's Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. This podcast is an excerpt from a special two-part podcast published in 2012. Episode permanent link and show notes

Dive into our latest Diving Deeper audio podcast as we explore the benefits of living shorelines. Episode permanent link and show notes

Dive into our latest Diving Deeper audio podcast as we explore the benefits of living shorelines. Episode permanent link and show notes

In this episode, we look back at a November 2014 archaeological expedition led by the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries Maritime Heritage Program. This mission brought back the first-ever 3-D images of the City of Rio de Janeiro, considered by many historians as the "Titanic of the Golden Gate." Listen in to this conversation with NOAA's Robert Schwemmer, co-leader of a two-year study to locate and document shipwrecks in California’s Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary and the surrounding area. Episode permanent link and show notes

Have four minutes? Dive into our latest Ocean Shorts audio podcast as we explore what an invasive species is and how they are introduced to an area. Episode permanent link and show notes

Dive into our latest Diving Deeper audio podcast as we explore the importance of Hawaii's coral reefs and what makes these reefs so unique. Episode permanent link and show notes

Dive into our latest Diving Deeper audio podcast as we explore the importance of Hawaii's coral reefs and what makes these reefs so unique. Episode permanent link and show notes

Dive into our latest Ocean Shorts podcast as we explore how marine debris moves in our environment and what causes it to move. Episode permanent link and show notes