POPULARITY
Virologen sind in Sorge - die Überwachung und Eindämmung der Vogelgrippe H5N1 in den USA lässt zu wünschen übrig. In dieser zweiten Folge der neuen Staffel analysieren Daniela Remus und Korinna Hennig aus der NDR Info Wissenschaftsredaktion das Risiko für Menschen. Besonders das Konzept der Früherkennung steht im Mittelpunkt beim Besuch des Friedrich-Löffler-Institut auf der Insel Riems. Was für neue Surveillance-Instrumente gibt es und wie arbeitet die Tierseuchenüberwachung? Was macht Influenza-Viren so unberechenbar? Im Podcast geht es auch um mögliche Szenarien zukünftiger Virusmutationen und das Potenzial präpandemischer Impfstoffe. Kann die Zusammenarbeit von Veterinär- und Humanmedizin bei der Bekämpfung einer möglichen nächsten Pandemie helfen? "Man hat da tatsächlich gelernt, und ich denke schon, dass dieses Prinzip besser angekommen ist", meint beispielsweise Martin Beer, Vizepräsident des Friedrich-Löffler-Instituts. Außerdem in dieser Folge: Die WissenschaftlerInnen Gülsah Gabriel, Marcus Altfeld und Christian Drosten. Autorinnen und Hosts: Daniela Remus und Korinna Hennig Story Editing: Katharina Mahrenholtz Producerinnen: Marion von Clarenau und Christine Dreyer. Produktion: NDR Info 2025 Das Coronavirus-Update - Alle Folgen des Podcasts: https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/info/podcast4684.html TierseuchenInformationsSystem TSIS: https://tsis.fli.de/cadenza/ Überblicksartikel zoonotische Influenza: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08054-z Forschungsnetz Zoonosen: https://zoonosen.net/ Erklärung zu Mutationen bei Viren: https://zoonosen.net/mutationen-ein-tauziehen-zwischen-virus-und-wirt Risk Assessment Tool CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/whats-new/cdcs-influenza-risk-assessment-tool.html Studie des FLI u.a. zum Übertragungsweg von H5N1 auf Rinder: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08063-y Studie zu Mutationen bei Vogelgrippevirus H5N1: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt0180 Podcast-Tipp:Synapsen – ein Wissenschaftspodcast https://1.ard.de/Synapsen
In einer Wasserbüffelherde in Brandenburg ist die Maul- und Klauenseuche ausgebrochen. "Im Moment ist es nur eine Region mit sehr wenig empfänglichen Tieren. Und wir haben es hoffentlich sehr früh erkannt", sagt Martin Beer, Friedrich-Löffler-Institut. Von WDR 5.
63 Hektar - der Landwirtschafts-Podcast von NDR Niedersachsen
Die Blauzungenkrankheit ist seit Ende 2023 in Deutschland wieder präsent. Sie wird von einer kleinen Stechmücke, der Gnitze, übertragen. Betroffen sind ausschließlich Wiederkäuer, wie Schafe oder Rinder. Besonders bei Schafen führt die Seuche zu schweren Krankheitsverläufen und Todesfällen. Erst seit Juni gibt es drei freigegebene Impfstoffe - offiziell zugelassen sind sie aber noch nicht. Der Erreger der Blauzungenkrankheit ist für den Menschen nicht gefährlich. Der Verzehr von Fleisch- und Milchprodukten ist unbedenklich. Auch in Sven Schefflers Herde sind viele Schafe und Lämmer mit der Blauzungenkrankheit infiziert. Er betreibt einen Schäfereibetrieb bei Hude im Landkreis Oldenburg. Über 900 Tiere sind schon verendet. Im Gespräch mit Landwirtin Maja Mogwitz und Stadtkind Kuhlage erzählt er von seinen Sorgen und Ängsten - und von der Hoffnung, die er hat. Denn, ob er weitermachen kann - der Schaden beträgt auf seinem Betrieb schon über 200.000 Euro, Folgeschäden sind noch nicht absehbar - bleibt unklar. Außerdem sprechen Maja und Kuhlage noch mit Prof. Dr. Christa Kühn, Präsidentin des Friedrich Löffler Instituts, dem Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit. Sie ordnet die Lage ein. Weitere Informationen zum Thema: · https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/info/Blauzungenkrankheit-Symptome-und-Gefahren-der-Tierseuche,blauzunge102.html · https://www.laves.niedersachsen.de/startseite/tiere/tiergesundheit/tierseuchen_tierkrankheiten/blauzungenkrankheit-wie-wird-sie-ubertragen-99200.html · https://www.bmel.de/DE/themen/tiere/tiergesundheit/tierseuchen/blauzungenkrankheit.html · https://tierseucheninfo.niedersachsen.de/startseite/anzeigepflichtige_tierseuchen/klauentiere/blauzungenkrankheit/blauzungenkrankheit-21712.html · https://www.pei.de/DE/newsroom/veroffentlichungen-arzneimittel/sicherheitsinformationen-veterinaer/ablage/2008-04-09-btv-beschr-krankheit.html · https://www.pei.de/DE/newsroom/hp-meldungen/2024/240621-blauzungenkrankheit-impfstoffe-anwendung.html · https://www.fli.de/de/aktuelles/tierseuchengeschehen/blauzungenkrankheit/ Schreibt uns an 63hektar@ndr.de. Majas Landwort in dieser Folge: "Packer". Nachhören: 3:20 Minuten. Im Podcast "63 Hektar" diskutieren NDR Moderator und Stadtkind Kuhlage und Landwirtin Maja auf Augenhöhe verschiedenste landwirtschaftliche Themen. Denn es gibt häufig Vorurteile und verhärtete Fronten zwischen Verbrauchern und Landwirten. Die Folgen im Überblick: https://www.ardaudiothek.de/sendung/63-hektar-der-landwirtschafts-podcast-von-ndr-niedersachsen/94507048/ https://www.ndr.de/ndr1niedersachsen/podcasts/index.html Podcast-Tipp: "Update Erde" - von Deutschlandfunk Nova https://www.ardaudiothek.de/sendung/update-erde-deutschlandfunk-nova/12705165/
In our second live episode from the 2024 Kuyper Conference, James, Cory, Marinus, and Gray sit down with Dr. Greg Parker, Assistant Professor at Cairn University. The team discusses some ideas from Greg's research on the relationship between dogmatics and ethics and the place of theology among other disciplines. Publications mentioned in this episode: Herman Bavinck, Biblical and Religious Psychology, ed. Gregory Parker, trans. Herman Hanko (Jenison, MI: Reformed Free Publishing Association, 2024). https://heritagebooks.org/products/biblical-and-religious-psychology-bavinck.html Bavinck, Herman. Christianity and Science. Translated by Nathaniel Gray Sutanto, James Perman Eglinton, and Cory C. Brock. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway, 2023. https://www.crossway.org/books/christianity-and-science-case/ Herman Bavinck, Guidebook for Instruction in the Christian Religion, ed. Gregory Parker and Cameron Clausing (Peabody: Hendrickson Academic, 2022). https://www.hendricksonrose.com/p/guidebook-for-instruction-in-the-christian-religion/9781683072997 Herman Bavinck, The Sacrifice of Praise: Meditations before and after Admission to the Lord's Supper (Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers Marketing, LLC, 2019). https://www.hendricksonrose.com/p/the-sacrifice-of-praise/9781683071983 Herman Bavinck and Gregory Parker, What Is Christianity? (Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Academic, an imprint of Hendrikson Publishing Group, 2022). https://www.hendricksonrose.com/p/what-is-christianity/9781683074205 Friedrich Schleiermacher and Friedrich Lücke, Brief Outline of the Study of Theology, Drawn up to Serve as the Basis of Introductory Lectures, trans. William Farrer (Eugene, Or.: Wipf & Stock, 2007). Ximian Xu, Theology as the Science of God: Herman Bavinck's Wetenschappelijke Theology for the Modern World, 1st ed. (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022), https://doi.org/10.13109/9783666560682. Reach us at graceincommonpodcast@gmail.com. If you want to make a donation, please visit https://donorbox.org/graceincommon Our intro music is Molly Molly by Blue Dot Sessions (www.sessions.blue).
In unserer Sendung «Tondokument» bringen wir einen Mitschnitt der Veranstaltung „Das große Panel“, die am 6. Mai in Schwäbisch Gmünd stattfand. Veranstalter war der Betriebswirt und Finanzexperte Marc Friedrich. Er beantwortete zusammen mit seinen Gästen Fragen der Zuschauer zu verschiedenen aktuellen Themen. Mit dabei waren die Politikwissenschaftlerin und Publizistin Prof. Dr. Ulrike Guérot, der Volkswirt und Unternehmensberater Dr. Markus Krall, der ehemalige Leiter des Gesundheitsamtes Aichach-Friedberg Dr. Friedrich Pürner und der Blackout- und Krisenvorsorgeexperte Herbert Saurugg.
Das Vogelgrippevirus H5N1 ist weltweit auf dem Vormarsch, Europa ist so stark getroffen wie nie zuvor. Auch in Bayern wurde jetzt wieder ein Fall von Geflügelpest gemeldet - der erste seit dem Frühjahr. Der Virologe Prof. Timm Harder beobachtet am Friedrich-Löffler-Institut auf der Insel Riems die Ausbreitung der Tierseuche und erklärt, was die aktuelle Welle so außergewöhnlich macht.
OVP177 – Wein am Sonntag – Carl-Friedrich L. Walther, Silvaner KD »pur« 2019
Es gibt Neue Erkenntnisse zum Coronavirus beim Kaninchen. Was muss man im Umgang mit Kaninchen beachten, wenn man Corona hat? Weitere Infos auf der Website: https://www.kaninchenwiese.de/ist-der-corona-virus-fuer-kaninchen-gefaehrlich/ Kameras für Kaninchen: https://www.kaninchenwiese.de/haltung/hintergruende/kameraueberwachung-fuer-das-kaninchengehege/ Infos vom Friedrich-Löffler-Institut: https://www.openagrar.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/openagrar_derivate_00044438/FLI-FAQ-SARS-CoV-2_2022-02-02-bf.pdf
Der Verdacht auf Wildgeflügelpest in Bonn hat sich bestätigt. Bereits in der vergangenen Woche wurde das Virus nachgewiesen, nun hat das Friedrich-Löffler-Institut die Infektion bei verendeten Gänsen aus der Bonner Rheinaue gefunden. Und: Während die Mietpreise in anderen Städten auf hohem Niveau stagnieren, wird Wohnen in Bonn laut einer aktuellen Studie immer teurer.
Tausende Kraniche sterben derzeit an Vogelgrippe auf ihrem Weg von Europa nach Afrika. Thomas Mettenleiter vom Friedrich-Löffler-Institut für Tiergesundheit zeigt sich von der Häufung schwerer Ausbrüche in den vergangenen Jahren besorgt. Eine Gefahr für Menschen bestehe in den allermeisten Fällen aber nicht.Thomas Mettenleiter im Gespräch mit Monika Seynschewww.deutschlandfunk.de, Forschung aktuellDirekter Link zur Audiodatei
Wie gefährlich Zoonosen sein können, hat uns die Corona-Pandemie ganz deutlich gezeigt: Es gibt Erreger, die von Menschen auf Tiere und von Tieren auf Menschen übertragen werden können - so zum Beispiel das Influenza-Virus. Geflügel und Schweine können sich mit Grippeviren anstecken und dann auch Menschen infizieren. Wie groß ist also die Gefahr, dass es erneut zu einer Pandemie kommt? Und kommt diese dann aus Geflügel- oder Schweineställen in Deutschland? Die Wissenschaftsjournalistin Oda Lambrecht hat sich mit Grippeviren beschäftigt, dafür Einblicke in einen Stall und die Forschung bekommen und mit Fachleuten gesprochen. Im Gespräch mit Host Maja Bahtijarević bespricht sie zum Beispiel die Frage, wie groß die Gefahr tatsächlich ist, die von industrieller Tierzucht ausgeht und was getan werden kann, um einen Ausbruch und eine neue Pandemie zu verhindern. Die Hintergrundinformationen • Influenzaviren bei Schweinen | Dinah Henritzi et al.: Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32721380/ • Risiko Grippeviren | Panorama 3: Pandemie aus dem Stall?, NDR, 19.10.2021 • Forschung zu Viren | Oda Lambrecht: Nächste Pandemie aus dem Stall?, tagesschau.de, 19.10.2021 https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/gesellschaft/viren-grippe-pandemie-101.html • Vor der nächsten Pandemie handeln: Internationales Expertengremium One Health nimmt Arbeit auf, Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, 28.05.2021 https://www.fli.de/de/presse/pressemitteilungen/presse-einzelansicht/vor-der-naechsten-pandemie-handeln-internationales-expertengremium-one-health-nimmt-arbeit-auf/ • Biografie | Prof. Dr. Timm Harder, Friedrich-Löffler-Institut https://www.fli.de/de/institute/institut-fuer-virusdiagnostik-ivd/wissenschaftler/prof-dr-t-harder-phd/ • Informationen des FLI zur aktuellen Aviäre-Influenza-Situation | OIE, FAO und Nationales Referenzlabor für Aviäre Influenza (AI) / Geflügelpest, Friedrich-Löffler-Institut https://www.fli.de/de/institute/institut-fuer-virusdiagnostik-ivd/referenzlabore/oie-fao-und-nrl-fuer-ai/
Wie gefährlich Zoonosen sein können, hat uns die Corona-Pandemie ganz deutlich gezeigt: Es gibt Erreger, die von Menschen auf Tiere und von Tieren auf Menschen übertragen werden können - so zum Beispiel das Influenza-Virus. Geflügel und Schweine können sich mit Grippeviren anstecken und dann auch Menschen infizieren. Wie groß ist also die Gefahr, dass es erneut zu einer Pandemie kommt? Und kommt diese dann aus Geflügel- oder Schweineställen in Deutschland? Die Wissenschaftsjournalistin Oda Lambrecht hat sich mit Grippeviren beschäftigt, dafür Einblicke in einen Stall und die Forschung bekommen und mit Fachleuten gesprochen. Im Gespräch mit Host Maja Bahtijarević bespricht sie zum Beispiel die Frage, wie groß die Gefahr tatsächlich ist, die von industrieller Tierzucht ausgeht und was getan werden kann, um einen Ausbruch und eine neue Pandemie zu verhindern. Die Hintergrundinformationen • Influenzaviren bei Schweinen | Dinah Henritzi et al.: Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32721380/ • Risiko Grippeviren | Panorama 3: Pandemie aus dem Stall?, NDR, 19.10.2021 • Forschung zu Viren | Oda Lambrecht: Nächste Pandemie aus dem Stall?, tagesschau.de, 19.10.2021 https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/gesellschaft/viren-grippe-pandemie-101.html • Vor der nächsten Pandemie handeln: Internationales Expertengremium One Health nimmt Arbeit auf, Friedrich-Löffler-Institut, 28.05.2021 https://www.fli.de/de/presse/pressemitteilungen/presse-einzelansicht/vor-der-naechsten-pandemie-handeln-internationales-expertengremium-one-health-nimmt-arbeit-auf/ • Biografie | Prof. Dr. Timm Harder, Friedrich-Löffler-Institut https://www.fli.de/de/institute/institut-fuer-virusdiagnostik-ivd/wissenschaftler/prof-dr-t-harder-phd/ • Informationen des FLI zur aktuellen Aviäre-Influenza-Situation | OIE, FAO und Nationales Referenzlabor für Aviäre Influenza (AI) / Geflügelpest, Friedrich-Löffler-Institut https://www.fli.de/de/institute/institut-fuer-virusdiagnostik-ivd/referenzlabore/oie-fao-und-nrl-fuer-ai/
Eine kleine Revolution in deutschen Supermärkten? Aldi will in ein paar Jahren kein Fleisch von Tieren mehr verkaufen, die nur unter absoluten Mindestanforderungen gehalten wurden. Moderation: Stefan Parrisius / Gast: Prof. Dr. Lars Schrader, Leiter des Instituts für Tierschutz und Tierhaltung des Friedrich-Löffler-Instituts
On 23rd May, some of the interesting events that took place were: 1785: Benjamin Franklin announced invention of bifocal glasses. 1829 : Accordion was patented by Friedrich L. Buschmann. Listen in to know more interesting things that happened today. www.chimesradio.com http://onelink.to/8uzr4g https://www.facebook.com/chimesradio/ https://www.instagram.com/vrchimesradio/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
In Folge 31 von Digitale Provinz trifft Digitale Provinz-Moderatorin und Spiele-Enthusiastin Johanna Daher auf Friedrich Lüder, den Vorsitzenden des Verbands Games & XR Mitteldeutschland. Beide sprechen über die Entwicklung der Games-Branche in Sachsen-Anhalt, Sachsen und Thüringen, räumen mit Vorurteilen auf und wissen, was Games alles können. Dieser Podcast ist auch als Videopodcast auf YouTube verfügbar. Klick dich rein: https://youtu.be/vuUm1D_5muw
Dr. Klaus Depner arbeitet am Friedrich-Löffler-Institut im Fachbereich der Internationalen Tiergesundheit und ist auf die ASP, die Afrikanische Schweinepest, spezialisiert. Im Gespräch mit Jagdzeit-Redakteurin Carolin Binder erzählt er, wie die ASP von Afrika in die EU und später bis nach Mitteleuropa gekommen ist. Depner erklärt die häufigsten Infektionswege und gibt wertvolle Hinweise, wie man als Jäger mit dem Thema ASP umgehen sollte, was man beachten muss – und dass man durchaus auf den gesunden Menschenverstand hören sollte.
In Dänemark sind Millionen Nerze mit dem Coronavirus infiziert und werden nun vorsorglich getötet. Das Virus könnte sich auf dem Weg über den Nerz zurück zum Menschen verändern. Doch bislang scheint bei einer solchen Mutation kaum eine Gefahr für den Menschen zu bestehen. Warum sind gerade die Nerze so anfällig? Jochen Steiner im Gespräch mit Prof. Thomas Mettenleiter, Präsident des Friedrich-Löffler-Instituts
E-Health Pioneers | Der Business Podcast für den digitalen Gesundheitsmarkt
Heute zu Gast im E-Health Pioneers Podcast ist Friedrich Lämmel, einer der Gründer und Geschäftsführer von Thryve. Thryve stellt als Technologie Provider einen einheitlichen Zugang zu den Daten von Smartphones, Wearables und vernetzen Medizinprodukten her, die für die Gesundheitsversorgung von Interesse sind. Unsere Gründerin Andrea Buzzi spricht mit Friedrich Lämmel unter anderem über die Veränderungen im digitalen Gesundheitsbereich vor dem Hintergrund des DVG und den Zusammenhang des Datenschutzes und der Anonymisierung von Gesundheitsdaten. Zudem gibt der deutsche Gründer eine Einschätzung dazu, ob ausländische Unternehmen, die hierzulande antreten, eine Bedrohung für deutsche E-Health-Pioniere sind. Und ob deutsche Unternehmen auch Chancen haben, globale Märkte zu erobern.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners' Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film 'Riot Went Wrong'; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners' Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film 'Riot Went Wrong'; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners' Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film 'Riot Went Wrong'; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes U.
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners' Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film 'Riot Went Wrong'; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners' Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film 'Riot Went Wrong'; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners' Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film 'Riot Went Wrong'; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
On Thursday 22nd March 2012, the Institute of Criminology at the University of Cambridge held a special public seminar which comprised a panel discussion based on the central topic of "The English Riots in 2011: A Discussion from Different Criminological Perspectives". The topics were: Part 1: Friedrich Lösel: Introduction to the Topic; Part 2: Ben Crewe: The Riots from a Socio-Cultural Perspective; Part 3: Lawrence Sherman: The Riots and the Police; Part 4: Alison Liebling: The Riots from Prisoners’ Perspectives; Part 5: Loraine Gelsthorpe: The Riots and Criminal Justice/Sentencing; Part 6: Dexter Dias: Commentary on the Film ‘Riot Went Wrong’; More information about this seminar, and the Institute generally, can be found at the IOC website at http://www.crim.cam.ac.uk/
Als »die Kunst, die Rede eines andern richtig zu verstehen« (HL 7/8) faßt der Theologe Friedrich Schleiermacher den Begriff der allgemeinen Hermeneutik, welche von ihm zuerst entwickelt wurde. Schleiermacher hat seine hermeneutischen Arbeiten zu Lebzeiten nie veröffentlicht; erst 1836 wurden sie unter Zuhilfenahme von Vorlesungsmitschriften von seinem Schüler Friedrich Lücke unter dem Titel »Hermeneutik und Kritik mit besonderer Beziehung auf das Neue Testament« herausgegeben. Unser Passus über die psychologische Auslegung stammt aus der Vorlesung von 1832. Danach spielt die Intention des Autors eine wesentliche Rolle beim Verstehen eines Textes, insbesondere der »Gedankencomplexus als Lebensmoment eines bestimmten Menschen« (HL 148). Schleiermacher unterscheidet zwischen der rein psychologischen Aufgabe und der technischen; letztere ist weiter in Meditation (das Erfassen des Entschlusses) und Komposition (die Gestaltung des Gedankenkomplexes) eingeteilt, während sich die rein psychologische Seite auf den Grundgedanken eines Werkes »aus der persönlichen Eigentümlichkeit des Verfassers« (HL 157) bezieht. Wir haben für diese Sendung bewußt einen technischeren Text ausgesucht, als Sie es vielleicht von uns gewohnt sind, dies jedoch im Sinne einer Bereicherung unseres Programms.