Podcasts about great charter

Mike Winther continues his discussion on Biblical Principles of Government. This episode will focus on history, but he begins the lecture by highlighting two key solutions to our problems: the political solution and the educational solution. All of our efforts to change the world can be divided into these two categories. We either try to change society politically or through education. Unfortunately, we often concentrate all our efforts on the political solution, when focusing on education is the real answer. Spending just one-tenth of what is spent on political campaigns on biblical education could significantly influence the outlooks of future generations. Mike also emphasizes the importance of reading physical books, underlining, and bookmarking the best passages. Mike kicks off the history portion by breaking down the etymology of the word "history." He discusses how history is important to God and uses the Bible as an example. Mike then explores the six philosophical views of history that shape how people perceive it. We learn that history is the study of the consequences of ideas. Mike strives to make history interesting and ties it back to the Biblical Principles we cherish. You'll Learn: [01:02] The political and educational solutions to our problems. We either try to change society politically or through education. [01:41] Sometimes we get our focus wrong and put all of our effort on the political solution and neglect education. [05:32] If we spent 1/10 of what is spent on political campaigns on education and teaching High School students this course, it would change society. [12:16] Mike talks about the importance of reading and how we all need to be readers. [16:06] History and the etymology of the word. His story or the working out of God's story. [19:15] History is important to God. Just try to find a book in the Bible that isn't about history. [19:44] Psalm 78 and Joshua 4 and Judges 5 and the New Testament. [22:23] Mike talks about the six philosophical views of history that frame how people view history. [23:15] The state of society, good or bad. Early time and later time. This charts the views of History. [23:46] 1. The random view of History. Things are sometimes better and sometimes worse. [24:13] 2. The pendulum view of History where we swing from one extreme to another. [24:51] 3. The evolutionary progress view. This is where everything evolves over time and gets better. [25:39] The first three views of history are atheist or agnostic. The next three are compatible with Christianity. [25:41] He also talks about what all Christians agree on. [27:13] 4. The pessimistic view. Things get worse and worse until the second coming. [27:46] 5. The neutral view. We're not getting more or less righteous, things just vacillate back and forth. [28:08] 6. The optimistic view. Over time, the church has more influence, and the level of righteousness improves. [28:46] Psalm 110 [36:37] History is simply the study of the consequences of ideas. It gets exciting when you think about the stuff that really happened. [37:48] The Magna Carta was the first time a king was seriously challenged. [38:36] The Great Charter was the start of a multi-millennial challenge to the power of the king. [39:46] Mike shares the history before the landing of the Mayflower. [40:30] The Gutenberg Bible gave more people access to read God's word.  [42:28] Separatists were people who were tired of the Church of England and were separating. The Puritans were trying to purify and solve all the flaws. [43:11] The pilgrims lived in Holland before they came to Plymouth. John Robinson preached all of God's words.  [44:14] The number one reason they left Holland was because their children were too influenced by the secular nature of Holland. The fifth reason was to evangelize the natives of North America. [48:20] The Mayflower Compact. The first constitution in the US. [51:51] The providential view of history says that Providence or God intervenes in history. [56:24] The pilgrims didn't have enough crops to sustain themselves. [01:00:35] The first experiment in socialism was a failure. Once it was abandoned they had more food than they could use. Your Resources: Books to browse Biblical Principles of Government (1a) Biblical Principles of Government (1b) Biblical Principles of Government (2a) Biblical Principles of Government (2b) Biblical Principles of Government (3a) Biblical Principles of Government (3b) Biblical Principles of Government (4a) Biblical Principles of Government (4b) Biblical Principles of Government (5a) Biblical Principles of Government (5b) Biblical Principles of Government (6a) Biblical Principles of Government (6a) Biblical Principles of Government (7a) Biblical Principles of Government (7b) Biblical Principles of Government (8a) Biblical Principles of Government (8b) A Practical Guide to Culture: Helping the Next Generation Navigate Today's World History of Plimoth Plantation

The Magna Carta, known as the Great Charter, was signed in 1215 by King John following pressure from barons, establishing key legal principles like habeas corpus and subjecting the king to the law. It became foundational in English and later global constitutional law, influencing movements for liberty and shaping democratic societies worldwide.

Magna Carta is one of the most enduring documents from the Middle Ages. Reluctantly signed by King John at Runnymede in 1215, it forever changed society and politics in Britain, and the rest of the world. Magna Carta has been credited with inspiring the US Constitution and Bill of Rights, and providing the basis for democracy across the globe. But what does Magna Carta actually say? What events led to its creation? And how has it changed the world today? This is a Short History Of Magna Carta. Written by Lindsay Galvin. With thanks to Dan Jones, host of the podcast ‘A Dynasty To Die For', and author of ‘Magna Carta: the making and legacy of the Great Charter'.  For ad-free listening, exclusive content and early access to new episodes, join Noiser+. Now available for Apple and Android users. Click the Noiser+ banner on Apple or go to noiser.com/subscriptions to get started with a 7-day free trial. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Magna Carta, which is Latin for ‘the Great Charter', confirmed the principle that everyone including the king was subject to the law of the land and gave all free men the right to justice and a fair ...

"英文小酒馆致力于打造沉浸式英语学习社群，无论是微信社群、有声节目、线上活动和课程，我们都全心全意为爱好英语的你带去一份专属于英语的快乐。公号: 【璐璐的英文小酒馆】 查音频节目文稿，了解广阔的世界。跟随我们的脚步，体会英语的温度。" Hi, everyone. And welcome back to Britain under the Microscope. 欢迎回来【闲话英伦】. Hi, 安澜. Hi Lulu, hi everyone. 安澜, can I propose a topic today?Yeah, of course.You know I've been following up on the latest news in the UK, yeah. I think I know what topic you would propose. It looks a bit messy. It is very, very messy. And it's also quite difficult for people who are not British to really understand. So I thought it would be an interesting idea for us to actually talk about the government and the political system in the UK to give people just a general idea. Yeah, well, to be honest it's confusing for us as well. But I think if you don't understand the British government and the British political system, it can get very, very confusing. So first things first, your political system is called君主立宪制, 叫constitutional monarchy. Yes, we have a monarch, we have a king. But the king's actual power isn't really that big, they have a lot of authority, they have a lot of influence, but no real political power, so political power goes to our government, our Parliament. All that I know about your government is that your government consists of two houses. 我就知道英国有上院和下院, 上院叫什么House of Lords. The House of Lords and the House of Commons.House of Commons. So there is no actual Constitution in the UK, is there? it's not like in United States. No, unlike many countries, the UK doesn't actually have a constitution. Instead, it based on presidents. 我听过一个叫做constitutional conventions, 叫宪法惯例, 就是没有实际明文的宪法, 但是有宪法惯例. So for example, we would have one law and then the judges would decide on how to interpret that law, and then there might be another law, then another law, then another ruling, and eventually it builds up into just common practice. And this has been going on for centuries. So it's basically just referring back to how it was done before…And changing when it needs to be changed.But it wasn't always like that, was it? Like before at one time in your history, obviously, king or queen, the monarch did have actual power. Oh, yeah. I would say that was years and years and years ago because there's actually been some kind of parliament since the 13th century over 750 years ago, we had a few rather bad kings, so the nobles actually tried to limit their power. And the first attempt to doing this was the Magna Carta.Magna Carta meaning The Great Charter.The Great Charter.中文翻译叫大宪章.The Magna Carta, which means “great charter” in Latin, was drawn up by English barons (nobles) and church leaders to limit the king's power. In 1215 they forced the tyrannical King John to agree to the charter. The Magna Carta stated that the king must follow the law and could not simply rule as he wished.Yeah, so that was 1215, and you might hear British people talk about Magna Carta, but to be honest, not many people really understand what it was. It's probably what you learned in history classes. But there are some very important things that were added to the Magna Carta including if you are convicted of a crime, you have the right to be judged by a jury. So let's bring it back to the actual political system. We talked about the two houses. 我们就来说说英国这个议会制度, 首先说上院 House of Lords, obviously, this consists of lords. Yes, so historically they were upper class lords, so they were the aristocracy, but nowadays it has slightly changed. There are around 700 lords and ladies, but most of them are what we call Life Peers. Life peers, I think I've heard of this翻译叫做 “终身贵族”, 听起来好像很高大上, but it actually means they are only nobleman or noble woman for their lifetime. Yeah, so they'll have the title for their lifetime, but their children won't have it. So this is the difference between what we call Hereditary Peers. 就是Life Peers实际上是不能世袭的, 像Hereditary Peers是可以父传子，子传孙这样的.Yeah但是life peer… it's just…it's not so elitist. The idea of having a

The year 1619 is a famous one in the history of Virginia. There were two big moments -- the introduction of the "Great Charter," which brought representative government to the future United States for the first time, and the first importation of enslaved Africans in English North America. This episode, Part 1, looks at the innovation of the Great Charter, the invention of the "General Assembly," and the context in which representative government, if that is what it was, first came to the future United States. Please subscribe on your favorite podcast app and tell all your friends! Twitter: @TheHistoryOfTh2 Facebook: The History of the Americans Podcast Selected references for this episode James Horn, 1619: Jamestown and the Forging of American Democracy W. W. Henry, "The First Legislative Assembly in America: Sitting at Jamestown, Virginia, 1619," The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Jul., 1894) Sir Edwin Sandys (1561–1629) The Graves of the Powhatan "The Dutch"

Magna Carta means "Great Charter," and it contained significant limits, at least in theory, on the power of the king. Listen to today's podcast to learn more about this document, which was highly influential on the American colonists and British law! Center for Civic Education

Today on Categorical Imperatives we contemplate how we as individual citizens can advocate on our own behalf when we are up against the long arm of the law. For centuries Habeas Corpus has been known by Jurists and civil libertarians alike as "The Great Writ". And indeed it is. Where does it come from? What role has it played in the formation of Jury Nullification, in bringing an end to slavery, in exposing our 16th and 43rd Presidents as tyrants, and what can it do for citizens to help ensure against unlawful arrest arrest and detention. All this and more will be answered on the show! Follow & Support To find the show on other platforms, find the articles I publish about law & moral philosophy or follow me on social media: LBRY - https://lbry.tv/@CategoricalImperatives:a Odysee - https://odysee.com/@CategoricalImperatives:a Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/user/ReverendBob23/ Anchor.fm - https://anchor.fm/categoricalimperatives Substack - https://categoricalimperatives.substack.com/ Libertarian Institute Contributor Page - https://libertarianinstitute.org/author/bob-fiedler/ Tenth Amendment Center Coontributor Page - https://tenthamendmentcenter.com/author/bobfielder/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/LockeanLiberalHow to support the channel:Patreon: www.patreon.com/categoricalimperatives Bitchute - https://www.bitchute.com/categoricalimperatives/ Come join me over on Patreon right now for as little at $2/month as a Citizen Producer PayPal.Me - https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/categoricalimperativ All PayPal Donation Options - https://www.paypal.com/donate?business=4G3R7WQTR7T58¤cy_code=USD Venmo Donations - http://www.venmo.com/LockeanLiberalShow Suggestions, Ideas, Questions or Topic Request : These are best made E-mail the Show: CategoricalImperatives@gmx.comCategorical Imperatives is a podcast that applies legal theory and moral philosophy to discussions of current events in law, politics & culture. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/legaleseshow/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/legaleseshow/support

Join us as we chat with Captain Dane Tarr, M/Y Chasing Daylight, about this exceptional Westport charter yacht, the planning, understanding of guests, cruising, menus and activities that goes in to their charters, and above all how the crew on board makes this yacht one of the best charter yachts, nominated this year for the ACREW Crew Awards. #yachtcrew #crewawards #yachting #superyachts #superyachtcrew #superyachtlife #yachtcaptain #yachtchef #superyachtradio #yachtingpodcasts #yachtcast #superyachtchef #juniorcrew #purser #entrepreneur #community #podcast

Sophie (age 7) and Ellie (age 5) tell the story of Magna Carta, which was signed at Runnymede in 1215, what it was, and what it means today.----more---- King John is not a good man. He is mean to his Barons. He taxes the poor so much that the legend of Robin Hood comes from this period. He loses most of the English lands in France. Now the Barons have to see him all the time which makes them like him even less. King John thinks that he can do what he likes and that laws are for the little people. The Barons write a list of demands down about things that they think should happen and rules which the King should obey. They call this the Great Charter which is Latin is Magna Carta. Some the demands are selfish ones that the Barons want like things about the rules for their children. Some of them are great for everyone like stopping the King putting people in prison without a trial. Some of them are good for people but seem a bit old fashioned today – like stopping the King taking someone's horse and cart without permission. However, the most important thing about Magna Carta is that it is a set of rules that the King had to follow. No longer could he say that the laws did not apply to him. He had to follow them just like anyone else. At first King John refused to sign. However, the Barons were too strong and he was forced to sign the Magna Carta at Runnymede in 1215. Remember though that King John was a bad man. He did not intend to keep his promises. He got away from Runnymede and started a war with the Barons. The Barons got help from the French. However, when crossing some marshland the sea came in. King John lost all his crown jewels and his crown. He was so upset that he rolled over and died. The Barons offered to stop fighting if they King's young son agreed to the Magna Carta. The people looking after the young king agreed and the fighting stopped. All Kings and Queen afterwards agreed to follow Magna Carta. Whenever a King tried to do something naughty, people would point to Magna Carta and tell him not to be so naughty. Only a few parts of Magna Carta are still law. However, the principle that the King has to follow the law was made then. That is still the law now. Even though the Queen is not in charge of everything anymore, the idea of Magna Carta means that the government have to follow the law too. Magna Carta was so long ago that all those countries which were founded by Britain also used Magna Carta as the basis of their laws – places like the America, Canada and Australia. PATRONS' CLUB If you liked this episode please join our Patrons Club. We have exclusive episodes there and you can choose an episode. You can join at www.patreon.com/historystorytime    

news birthdays/events a review of major studies shows that major studies can be wrong... if you had the chance to "do over" your career...what would you do? news do you not like the person your son/daughter is dating or conversely were you not liked by someone's family what was the first major news event you remember as a child? game: mindtrap news best prank you ever pulled how do you pamper yourself game: true or false news things we forget to clean did you ever use your roommate toothbrush? you won't believe how many people do goodbye/fun facts....today is magna carta day...Magna Carta is Latin for Great Charter, and is one of the most important documents in political history. Drawn up in Britain and signed on 15th June 1215, it outlines the rights of the common people and limits the powers of the monarchy. Trials by a jury of our peers and compensation for goods seized for national needs are all basic principals put forth in 1215. Learn more about the Magna Carta by visiting The Magna Carta Project

Today is Magna Carta Day which is Latin for Great Charter. Enjoy today's Daily Devo. Thanks for listening to the Daily Devo. The content for the Daily Devo comes from The Gospel Project and is recorded by Adam Burton. For more resources visit https://www.cbcmaysville.com. #️⃣Say hi on social: Facebook Snapchat Twitter Instagram TikTok --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/daily-devo/support

On June 15, 1215, in the meadows of Runnymede just west of London, English nobles and clergy gathered to witness – and to compel – King John to place his seal on a document that enshrined the rights of the Church and of free men, and declared the sovereign to be subject to the rule of law. The name of this document was Magna Carta, the Great Charter of liberty.In his passionate and entertaining style, Dr. John Robson tells the story of this seminal moment in the history of democracy, the protection of human freedom, and the independence of the Church.Dr. Robson is a historian, journalist, and documentary filmmaker. Chief among his documentary titles is “Magna Carta: Our Shared Legacy of Liberty”, which is accompanied by a companion book of the same name.0:00 - Introduction3:00 - Magna Carta - a launchpad for 800 years of liberty7:40 - Genesis of the Magna Carta10:40 - Missionaries, stories of a dead Jewish carpenter and the conversion of Britain12:45 - Resisting One-Man Rule16:00 - The drama: Bad King John, Pope Innocent III and Archbishop Stephen Langton19:35 - The shadow of St. Thomas Becket's assassination22:20 - How can a prince be under the law?25:20 - The commoners have their say28:15 - The miracle of Magna Carta30:15 - Freedom for the Church32:20 - Freedom for all38:40 - Magna Carta and the New World45:20 - Carrying forward the legacy of Magna Carta49:15 - ConclusionIf you enjoyed this episode, please consider supporting Crown and Crozier with a tax-deductible donation here:  DONATE  Documents/Websites referenced Magna Carta (English translation)Dr. John Robson“Magna Carta: Our Shared Legacy of Liberty” (Dr. John Robson documentary)Archbishop Stephen LangtonThe (remarkably unusual) tomb of Archbishop Stephen LangtonMagna Carta Day Act (Ontario)Please note that this podcast has been edited for length and clarity.Support the show (http://missionoftheredeemer.com/crownandcrozier/)

On this episode of the Resistance Library Podcast, Dan and Sam discuss Magna Carta Day. Magna Carta Day, celebrated every year on June 15th, is an important holiday to celebrate the origins of the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights. This historic document, drafted in the 13th century, inspired the Western conception of individual liberties and checks on government power.   A number of the rights codified in the Constitution's Bill of Rights find their origins in the Magna Carta. The charter was drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury as a way to settle tensions between the King of England and some of his barons.   The Magna Carta is the foundation of the Western conception of individual liberties, particularly in the Anglosphere. It is also one of the most mythologized documents in history. Still, many today are unaware of its actual content and the historical context in which it was drafted.   While much of the historical context is complex, the main point is this: Under the rule of King John in the 13th century, several barons were unhappy with the nebulous nature of rule and administration. The Magna Carta was an attempt to codify the procedures by which the King ruled over his subjects, in particular the barons. The “Great Charter” was renewed by subsequent kings, though under parliamentary rule, much of its main provisions were slowly stripped away.   The dispute that led to the drafting of the Magna Carta revolved around how a king was supposed to rule. It was believed at the time that, while the king had unlimited powers, he should govern with the counsel of his barons using custom as his guide. The Magna Carta is an attempt to address what the rules are for when the king is not ruling in this fashion.   Listen to learn more about this historic document and the history of Magna Carta Day. You can also read Sam's full article “Magna Carta Day: The Forgotten History of Magna Carta Day and What It Commemorates” in Ammo.com's Resistance Library.    For $20 off your $200 purchase, go to https://ammo.com/podcast (a special deal for our listeners).   Follow Sam Jacobs on Twitter: https://twitter.com/SamJacobs45   And check out our sponsor, Libertas Bella, for all of your favorite 2nd Amendment apparel at LibertasBella.com.   Helpful Links:  Magna Carta Day: The Forgotten History of Magna Carta Day and What It Commemorates The Resistance Library Sam Jacobs

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In his Waterford Treasures slot, Eamonn outlines the fascinating stories behind some of the artefacts house at the museums here. They're currently closed but Eamonn gives us a virtual tour on air. This episode is all about The Great Charter Roll of 1372, the world's first Powerpoint Presentation

On today's podcast, we are joined by a passionate Liv Finne, and we discuss charter schools and a legislative memo that is currently in the legislature. This document looks to destroy some of the budget disparity that charter schools are facing to give these schools more resources to do more of their good work. We also talk about Liv's background in education and the charter school landscape in Washington State. Visit our website for additional details and show notes. 

Overview NCSL’s Our American States podcast presents a special six-part series, “Building Democracy: The Story of Legislatures.” This new mini-series covers the history, characters and stories of state legislatures in America, from the beginnings in Jamestown, to the present day and into the future. Each episode in the series will contain interviews with experts from inside and outside the legislative world to provide a comprehensive view of historical events and their legacy in today’s legislatures. Extras will include extended guest interview clips, articles in NCSL’s State Legislatures magazine, blogs and resources for those who want to dive deeper into topics covered in the podcast. Episode 1 "First Assembly – Virginia 1619" examines life on the Jamestown colony, which has been called the first American startup, and introduces Sir Edwyn Sandys (pronounced "Sands"), "one of hte most influential characters in the history of the American colonies that no one ever heard of." A businessman charged with establishing a successful colony in America, Sandys' aspiration was to establish a society that was fairer than society in England. He helped write The Great Charter, which called for the election of representatives or “burgesses” to serve alongside appointed officials in a “General Assembly”, a direct DNA ancestor of today's legislatures. Life in the colony was challenging and messy, chock full of scandals, corruption and infighting. Human beings became an early commodity through slave trade from Africa. Join NCSL staffers and "Building Democracy" hosts John Mahoney and Megan McClure along with their expert guests, former Virginia clerk of the House, G. Paul Nardo; curator of American Slavery at the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Mary Elliott; and Jim Horn, president of the Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation, as they explore this history—the good and the bad—and how the first meeting of these colonial representatives was the starting point in the story of America’s state legislatures. Episodes will be released every other month through the end of 2020.  Building Democracy Podcast Homepage   Hosts Megan McClure John Mahoney Nicholas Birdsong Guests G. Paul Nardo, former clerk of the house and keeper of the roles of the Commonwealth of Virginia Jim Horn, president, Jamestown Rediscovery Foundation Mary Elliott, curator of American Slavery, Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture General Thanks To the NCSL Legislative Staff Coordinating Committee for the idea which led to the creation of Building Democracy and who’s support keeps it going. To Podfly Productions for production and editing To the House of Pod for recording and studio space Additional Resources Building Democracy: Episode 1 | Transcript Building Democracy: Episode 1 | Show Notes Building Democracy: Episode 1 | Resources and Reading List

Howdy folks, Double J here, with an OpGCD invasion of the Good Vibrations Podcast, 2019 Alternative Theory Year End Review. This is where Mr. Mark Devlin, host of Good Vibrations Podcast, sits down for a convo with Mr. Darren Williams, famously of Liverpool England, for a year end review of Darren’s top 10 Alternative Theory (aka. Conspiracy Theory) type topics. However, Mark Devlin is heavily engaged in other research matters at this time…so I’m baaaaaack, Double J here…with another invasion. Just like the 2018 Year End Review on Good Vibrations Podcast. Offering my unique brand of Operation GCD-style humor to Mr. Darren Williams’ (once again, famously of Liverpool England) top 10 Alternative Theory type topics of 2019. Connect with Mark Devlin Good Vibrations Podcast (available on apps podcasts are found): Emailmark@markdevlin.co.uk Websitehttp://www.markdevlin.co.uk Twitter@djmarkdevlin Connect with Darren Williams Twitter - @DazAltTheory Numerous guest appearances on Good Vibrations Podcast, Operation GCD, & many other Alternative Theory type podcasts. Connect with Double J & the Operation GCD Podcast (available on apps podcasts are found): Twitter - @OperationGCD Email - OperationGCD@gmail.com Website - www.OperationGCD.com Links & Show Notes DazAltTheory Top 10 of 2019 Notes 1). Stephen Dorril - senior lecturer in journalism at Huddersfield University (UK) whom specializes in researching the activities of British Military Intelligence was contacted by the wife of a deceased MI6 Agent (the Wife died in 2014). The Agent - Peter Hornsby was Lead Editor of the MI6 covertly funded Magazine: Flamingo (1961 - 1965) It deliberately targeted, the new influx of Black People from the then British Colonies in The Caribbean & West Africa. MI6 feared the ideology of Communism that was going throughout The Third World would arrive in the UK via the new immigration into the nation which was required after the devastation of World War 2 to the infrastructure & public sector, so the magazine was designed as a means to cleverly attack Communism by promoting Anglo – American values. Geopolitical articles within the magazine where of a serious nature near identical to media releases from the British Foreign Office's semi-secret Information Research Department. Also, revealed by Dorril was numerous Community Centres throughout London that serviced the mentioned new intake Afro – Caribbean Community where funded by C.I.A fronts in the form of 'charitable foundations' with the aim of identifying potential threats along with recruitment of new operatives. These Community Centres where also found in the major cities throughout the UK (Bristol, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield & Leeds) therefore was this C.I.A / MI6 Network even more extensive ? The revealing of this by Stephen Dorril – an academic along with author of numerous books on British Military Intelligence is important yet also worrying as it proves the covert manipulation of The Black Population of Britain. Therefore, has this continued in various ways such as elevating carefully chosen individuals from The British Black Community within Pop Culture (Music, Acting, Television Presenting & Journalism) with the counter narrative being individuals WITH talent that are deemed to not being able to be turned or having honour values being prevented from having opportunities ? If, this is the case then the UK is more tightly controlled than East Germany during the Cold War. Source: “Sex, ska and Malcolm X: MI6’s covert 1960s mission to woo West Indians” - theguardian.com/uk [ Saturday 26th January 2019 ] PAGE 1 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 2). The best friend of the current Pope whom was given the role of Treasurer for the entire Roman Catholic Church – Cardinal George Pell was found guilty of sexual offences against minors occurring in 1996 in his native Australia. One of the victims died of a drug overdose in retaliation in 2014 due to the impact of the abuse. This was without doubt, the most important news story of 2019 as it places the decision making plus general awareness of Pope Francis into question YET the significant Mainstream Media Outlets within the Western World didn't place the proper focus upon this scandal compared to say allegations made towards the historic sexual behaviour of R&B Singer R. Kelly in the SAME calender year which was a media hype – fest. Pell was sentenced to Six Years with parole happening after Three Years & Six Months along with being for the rest of his life on the Sex Offenders Register. Pell who remains an archbishop and a member of the College of Cardinals has been placed in protective custody during his incarceration has been visited by former Australian Prime Minister (2013 – 2015) Tony Abbot. A national outrage occurred in Australia due to this with Abbot justifying this by 'simply visiting a friend'. Then, on Christmas Eve 2019 – a group of local Catholics as a show of support for Pell decided to sing Carols outside the Melbourne correctional facility. Seems, they should re – read their Bible for... Matthew 18 : 6 Sources: “George Pell: Cardinal found guilty of sexual o ences in Australia” - bbc.co.uk/news [ Tuesday 26th February 2019 ] “Christmas Eve carolers for Cardinal Pell gathered at Melbourne prison” - catholicherald.co.uk [ Thursday 26th December 2019 ] PAGE 2 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 3). A concrete “altar” & a pagan metal plaque was discovered on Whinny Hill above St. Margaret’s Loch in Holyrood Park in Edinburgh (Scotland). Holyrood Park, which is also known as The Queen’s Park, is a royal park that remains part of Holyrood Palace, The Queen’s official residence in Scotland. The various articles don't detail how it was discovered yet photos show it BEFORE it was removed by unknown person(s) embedded in the ground within a section of turf cut into a triangle shape. A concrete altar was found buried beneath the topsoil and apparently was surrounded by “display objects”. It was later discovered that rather than the first believed ancient relics, one of them was carefully embedded into the ground using concrete & was part of artwork available on – line from Portland (USA) based artist: Maxine Miller. One of the pieces that was placed in concrete is priced as $75.00 (£54.00p) known as: Horned God and Goddess Celtic Elemental Pentacle Wall Plaque Cold Cast Bronze Miller's artwork is based in ancient occult knowledge. Therefore, what was discovered contemporary occult ceremonial worship ? Sources: “Satanic Plaque and Altar Unearthed in The Queen’s Holyrood Park in Scotland” - ancient-origins.net [ Saturday 22nd June 2019 ] “Mysterious ‘Altar’ unearthed in Holyrood Park most likely used by pagans not devil worshippers” - scotsman.com [ Saturday 22nd June 2019 ] “Mystery as pagan altar and symbol unearthed in Edinburgh’s Holyrood Park” - edinburghnews.scotsman.com [ Saturday 22nd June 2019 ] Horned God and Goddess Cel c Elemental Pentacle Wall Plaque Cold Cast Bronze available at maxinemillerstudios.com PAGE 3 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 4). The following is NOT saying that MSC & J.P. Morgan Asset Management are involved in illegal activities. American Customs and Border Protection impounded 20 Tones high – grade Cocaine with a value of $1.3 Billion (£765. 9 Million) on Monday 17th June 2019 at Philadelphia’s Packer Marine Terminal from a container ship: MSC Gayane. The Ship is owned by global Merchant Bank: J.P. Morgan Asset Management and chartered to Mediterranean Shipping Company commonly known as MSC. Earlier in 2019 on Thursday 28th February – ANOTHER MSC Container Ship - the Carlotta docked at the Port Newark – Elizabeth Marine Terminal which is the major Port of New York and New Jersey. The main container ship facility for goods entering and leaving the New York Metropolitan area representing... New York City, Long Island, New Jersey inc. Newark and Jersey City & Connecticut (Stamford). MSC Carlotta was searched in a joint operation involving: US Customs and Border Protection, US Coast Guard, Homeland Security Investigations, Drug Enforcement Administration commonly known as The DEA, New York Police Department commonly known as the NYPD and the New York State Police. What was found was 1.5 Tones of high – grade Cocaine $77 Million (£58. 9 Million) making it the largest sizure of narotics at that Port in 25yrs. The MSC Carlotta was bound for London (UK). So, in the SAME calender year on the American East Coast the amount of high – grade Cocaine confiscated totalled $1. 300. 77 Billion [ one billion three hundred and seventy - seven million ] (£824. 8 Million) was on container ships of the SAME company whose ownership is represented in corporate offices in Geneva (Switzerland) [ MSC ] & Mid - town Manhattan (New York City, USA) [ J.P. Morgan Asset Management ]. The nation with the lowest GDP thus the poorest in the world is South Sudan (African Continent) that was worth in 2019: $275.1 Million (£210. 5 Million). Therefore, the Cocaine found was £614. 3 Million MORE than South Sudan. The mentioned is NOT saying that MSC & J.P. Morgan Asset Management are involved in illegal activities. PAGE 4 4 continued). Sources: “MSC pays millions to release MSC Gayane a er drug seizure” - safety4sea.com [ Tuesday 16th July 2019 ] “U.S. Seizes MSC Container Ship A er Record Drug Bust” - wsj.com [ Tuesday 9th July 2019 ] “New threat' as record-breaking $77m of cocaine seized at New York port” - news.sky.com/uk [ Monday 11th March 2019 ] “A Shipping Manifest Said the Container Held Dried Fruit. Inside Was 3,200 Pounds of Cocaine” - nytimes.com [ Monday 11th March 2019 ] “£1 million of cocaine bound for London seized in 1.5 tonne New York drugs bust” - mylondon.news [ Monday 11th March 2019 ] “Ship Seized In Record $1.3 Billion Cocaine Bust Belongs To JP Morgan” - zerohedge.com [ Wednesday 10th July 2019 ] The 20 countries with the lowest gross domes c product (GDP) per capita in 2019 (in U.S. Dollars) – statista.com [ Monday 9th December 2019 ] Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... PAGE 5 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 5). Hacker group known as: The Dark Overlord announced it had obtained unauthorized data connected to September 11th 2001 Insurance Claims from the following three firms... Silverstein Properties, Hiscox Syndicates Ltd & Lloyds of London. Via, Twitter & other Web Sites it declared that they had reviewed the data placing them into five sections known as Layers with Layer 5 having the most sensational content. To, have the sections revealed was based upon an amount chosen by them paid via the digital currency: Bitcoin. Layer 5 being worth in American Dollars: $2 Million (£1.5 Million) Crowd – funding paid for the documents in Layer 1 to be revealed thus proving the hack did in – fact take place. What was noticed was a sudden vast transfer of Bitcoin from one account to another yet due to the manner digital currency is the sender & receiver are anonymous yet the ripple is visible. In, December 2019 – a British Man: Nathan Wyatt 39yrs old of Wellingborough (Northamptonshire, UK) was extradited to St. Louis (Missouri, USA) under Federal Charges of being a key member of the hacking collective. Who paid for Layers 3 to 5 ? What information was on these sections that reveal unaware details relating to what happened in Manhattan on that tragic day of Tuesday 11th September 2001 ? The Mainstream Media of the Western World seemed to be done with this incident once payment was made. Sources: “Ransom Moves: The Dark Overlord Keeps Pressuring Vic ms” - bankinfosecurity.com [ Friday 4th January 2019 ] “Dark Overlord hackers release alleged 9/11 lawsuit documents” - nakedsecurity.sophos.com [ Thursday 3rd January 2019 ] “The Dark Overlord & 9/11 Documents: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know” - heavy.com [ Friday 4th January 2019 ] “Cybersecurity Expert on Dark Overlord's 9/11 Data: It Might Paint Bigger Picture” - sputniknews.com [ Monday 14th January 2019 ] “Pack your bags, you're going to America, Lord Chief Jus ce tells accused Brit hacker” - theregister.co.uk [ Monday 18th November 2019 ] “UK extradites Dark Overlord hacker Nathan Wya to the US” - teiss.co.uk [ Thursday 19th December 2019 ] PAGE 6 6). The following is NOT saying that Kevin Spacey is involved in illegal activities. On, Christmas Eve 2019 (Tuesday 24th December 2019) via his official YouTube Channel – the two time Oscar® Winning Actor: Kevin Spacey released a video titled: “KTWK” (Kill Them with Kindness is the full meaning) This 59 second video performed as the fictional character: “President Frank Underwood” from Netflix Series - "House of Cards” was a follow – up to a previous YouTube video titled: “Let Me Be Frank” As, with “KTWK”, the earlier YouTube video was released by Spacey on Christmas Eve 2018 (Monday 24th December 2018). What, makes “KTWK” different is 24hrs later on Christmas Day 2019 (Wednesday 25th December 2019) in the rural Norwegian Community of Lommedalen (40 minutes drive west of the capital Oslo) - Ari Behn committed suicide. In December 2017, Behn said that Spacey had groped his genitals in 2007 during the V.I.P after - party for the Nobel Peace Prize held in Oslo. Why, this go global attention was at the time of the incident Behn was married to Princess Märtha Louise of Norway whom is 4th in line to the Norwegian Throne & 26th in line to the British Throne. On, Sunday 29th December 2019 – the respected Pop Culture expert & author Christopher Knowles published a blog entry regrading Spacey titled: “Kevin Spacey, Super-Villain at Large” This article inspired me to look at the roles Spacey has played particularly focusing on Films. A significant amount of roles are characters that play Professional Criminals some having superior intelligence... “Keyser Söze” - “John Doe” - “Lex Luthor” - “Doc” - Turkish Crime Lord who operates a decades old international network. a serial killer bent on savagely punishing those who have committed the seven deadly sins bringing attention to evil in a world that he claims has accepted any & all types of immorality. billionaire industrialist that happens to be the arch – enemy of “Superman”. mysterious kingpin of an Atlanta (Georgia, USA ) based crime syndicate. Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... Then two portrayals based upon real – life individuals... “Michael Lynch” - loosely based on Martin Cahill, infamous Dublin crime boss assassinated by The IRA. James Arthur Williams - only person in the state of Georgia (USA) ever to be tried four separate times regarding a single homicide. PAGE 7 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 6 continued). What is strange is actors commonly leave roles that have popularity due to fearing they will be type – cast to the characteristics displayed in what made them popular. Yet, the work done by Kevin Spacey shows a deliberate choosing of master – criminals. The symbolism used in BOTH “Let Me Be Frank” & “KTWK” is fascinating from props such as specific Coffee Mugs to home ornaments to the emphasis placed by Spacey on specific words using the cadence of the fictional character - “President Frank Underwood”. In, September 2019 – an anonymous massage therapist who claimed to have been sexually assaulted by Spacey died, according to a notice filed in court by the actor's attorneys. The individual, suing as a "John Doe", filed claims in September 2018 with the allegation of being forced to grab the actor's genitals twice during a massage two years earlier at a private residence in Malibu. The combined etymology of “Roger 'Verbal' Kint” & “Keyser Söze” translates into contemporary English as... Famous Verbal King A rather apt description of Kevin Spacey. The mentioned is NOT saying that Kevin Spacey is involved in illegal activities. Sources: “Norwegian Author and Kevin Spacey Accuser, Dies at 47” - hollywoodreporter.com [ Wednesday 25th December 2019 ] “Massage therapist who accused Kevin Spacey of sexual assault dies” - pagesix.com [ Wednesday 18th September 2019 ] “Kevin Spacey, Super - Villain at Large” - secretsun.blogspot.com [ Sunday 29th December 2019 ] “Joe Rogan Reacts to the Kevin Spacey News” - JRE Clips Channel on YouTube ( https://bit.ly/2QHRw2e ) [ Monday 24th December 2018 ] “Kevin Spacey's Latest Bizarre YouTube Video” - JRE Clips Channel on YouTube ( https://bit.ly/2QHRw2e ) [ Monday 6th January 2020 ] PAGE 8 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 7). Katherine Keating is the 38yr old daughter of former Australian Prime Minister: Paul Keating (in office December 1991 – March 1996). You've likely have seen Katherine as the woman Prince Andrew is waving goodbye to in a very friendly manner at the then Manhattan Townhouse home of a certain Jeffery Epstein in December 2010. Whilst, Paul Keating was an overtly anti – British Royalty to such an extent he declared this in a famous February 1992 speech with Elizabeth The 2nd being in the audience at Sydney (Australia), his daughter is the complete opposite being a friend of Prince Andrew. Katherine is a New York Socialite to such an extent she attended the 2019 Halloween Party of the acclaimed Film Director - Todd Phillips. You might have enjoyed, Phillips most recent Film: “Joker”. Katherine attended the Party in fancy dress as that mentioned film main character: “Arthur Fleck” in full face – paint. Why, Katherine Keating has my attention is recent footage of her pleasant goodbye with Prince Andrew has her face blurred out. This doesn't need to occur as the incident happened along with footage & still photographs of others from that day being used yet NOT edited. In, a now difficult to locate video - Katherine Keating during her time working at The Huffington Post interviewed Ghislaine Maxwell that was made for Social Media. Ghislaine Maxwell ultimate ambition from my research was to be Chief Executive for an NGO given the role by The United Nations to protect marine biology of ALL International Waters. If, Ghislaine Maxwell was successful her TerraMar Project would have had Diplomatic Immunity which would have covered their compete fleet of Ships & Submarines along with Employees. As, international regulator of the world's International Waters – it would have given the TerraMar Project complete access to EVERY Dock yet Customs Enforcement would be banned from doing inspections. With, what has been revealed about Ghislaine Maxwell since the arrest of her former lover Jeffrey Epstein in July 2019 – we should all be thankful that she never obtain such levels of power including unrestricted international travel. Katherine Keating is part of a collective of selected individuals known as: The 21st Century Council. This is funded & part of The Berggruen Institute. Nicolas Berggruen identified firstly that Western Nations have populations that have realized the competing political elites care MORE for party ideology plus globalism than their socio-economic struggles. Secondly, Developing World Nations particularly China are too strict in the rule of their populations leading to a lack of creativity placing restrictions on GDP expansion. The 21st Century Council wish to use their expertise as individuals in the 25yr to 60yrs age range whom work in Politics to Pop Culture to advise nations on the best way of managing their populations. PAGE 9 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 7 continued). Katherine Keating has a number of positions on various boards yet her main job is Chief Sustainability and Strategy Officer of Maverick an American entertainment company. Keating head up a department that provides strategic resources to partner companies in the entertainment, technology and direct-to-consumer industries. She is supported by two subordinates: Head of Policy and Research & Head of Development. These are few names that Maverick represents... Paul McCartney Madonna Britney Spears U2 It's surprising that the MeToo Movement lead by American actress, activist, model & author Rose McGowan has been somewhat quiet regarding the associates, acquaintances & friends of Jeffrey Epstein ? Sources: Katherine Kea ng interviewing Ghislaine Maxwell in 2014 for The Hu ngton Post promo ng the work of The TerraMar Project [ a mirror copy due to original being deleted ] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a0rj6QdjW8 “Inside the high-al tude world of Katherine Kea ng” - afr.com [ Thursday 22nd August 2019 ] “How Katherine Kea ng's fortunate life among New York's elite barely skipped a beat a er video emerged of her being shown from Je rey Epstein's apartment by Prince Andrew ” - dailymail.co.uk [ Monday 25th November 2019 ] “Katherine Kea ng Joins Maverick as Chief Sustainability & Strategy O cer” - variety.com [ Thursday 15th November 2018 ] “Revealed: Why Katherine Kea ng was visi ng Je rey Epstein's mansion” - smh.com.au [ Saturday 21st September 2019 ] “Prince Andrew's links to Je rey Epstein” - bbc.co.uk/news [ Saturday 16th November 2019 ] The TerraMar Project O cal YouTube Channel - youtube.com/user/terramarproject PAGE 10 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 8). On, Thursday 12th December 2019 during her acceptance speech as the first ever recipient of The Billboard (American Music Industry Media Outlet) Woman of the Decade Award, for being one of the most accomplished musical artists over the course of the 2010s Taylor Swift accused the billionaire investor and philanthropist George Soros of participating in "toxic male privilege" due to bankrolling music executive Scooter Braun, who outbid Swift to purchase the rights of her music from her first record label. Swift said: “This just happened to me without my approval, consultation, or consent. after I was denied the chance to purchase my music outright, my entire catalog was sold to Scooter Braun’s Ithaca Holdings in a deal that I’m told was funded by the Soros family, 23 Capital and The Carlyle Group.” adding Ithaca Holdings, 23 Capital, The Carlyle Group & Soros family are: “...potentially harmful force.” The Carlyle Group is an American multinational private equity, alternative asset management & financial services corporation. It has invested in the following... Booz Allen Hamilton, Freescale Semiconductor, Getty Images, Nielsen Holdings etc. Monday 10th to Tuesday 11th September 2001 at The Ritz-Carlton Hotel of Manhattan (New York City, USA) held an annual general meeting of The Carlyle Group which had... Sir John Major (former UK Prime Minister 1990 – 1997) George H. W. Bush (former American President 1989 – 1993) Shafiq bin Laden – the eldest billionaire Brother of a certain Osama bin Laden. The conference was stopped due to the attacks on The World Trade Centre. Swift has 85.5 Million Followers on Twitter & 125 Million Followers on Instagram. It will be interesting to see if Swift repeats her displeasure towards Soros & The Carlyle Group yet her mention of them has introduced Alternative Research to a significant percentage of her vast devoted fanatical following. Sources: “Taylor Swi Blasts George Soros For Exploi ng Her Music Without Her ‘Consent’ ” - dailywire.com [ Friday 13th December 2019 ] “Taylor Swi calls out the unregulated world of private equity” - qz.com [ Saturday 14th December 2019 ] “From 9/11 To PRISMgate - How The Carlyle Group LBO'd The World's Secrets” - zerohedge.com [ Monday 10th June 2013 ] “George W. Bush: “My Dad Was Mee ng with the Brother of Osama on September 11”, 2001. Does That Make Him a Terror Suspect ?” - globalresearch.ca [ Tuesday 17th March 2015 ] PAGE 11 Top 10 of 2019 Notes (Continued)... 9). As, the UK was winding down in preparation for Christmas – one of the highest courts in the land: Investigatory Powers Tribunal of the High Court voted 2 to 1 that MI5 (Internal) & MI6 (External) CAN engage in torture, killing & other illegal activity under the protection of the nation for ‘the greater good’. This ruling is a contradiction going AGAINST the foundation of Law in Britain.. The Magna Carta, which means ‘The Great Charter’ one of the most important documents in history it established the principle that everyone is subject to the law, even the king and guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice & the right to a fair trial. Yet, it seems Military – Intelligence along with Black Op’s of The UK can now commit serious offences under the protect of the very law that is supposed to prosecute such behaviour. This means that the UK in the 21st Century is in some ways no different to East Germany under the control of the infamous: Stasi (1950 – 1990). Sources: 10). Source: “MI5spiescankillwithoutfearofprosecu oniftheycanprovepublicinterest, High Court rules” - telegraph.co.uk [ Friday 20th December 2019 ] “Magna Carta: What is it – and why is it s ll important today ?” - independent.co.uk [ Monday 2nd February 2015 ] “It's cool for Brit snoops to break the law, says secre ve spy court. Just hold on while we pull o some legal jujitsu to let MI5 o the hook...” - theregister.co.uk [ Friday 20th December 2019 ] Man who receives a bone marrow transplant discovers sections of his body have replaced his DNA with that of the donor including four months after the transplant his semen contained 100% of his donor’s DNA...!!! “When a DNA Test Says You’re a Younger Man, Who Lives 5,000 Miles Away” - nytimes.com [ Saturday 7th December 2019 ] Every January, I wrap – up the ten things that got my attention for the previous year. This started with looking at 2017. If, you’d like to hear my thoughts on 2017, 2018 & now 2019 please search for: Mark Devlin Good Vibrations Podcast At, the time of writing this Good Vibrations is hosted at spreaker.com Also, please go to www.operationgcd.com/podes whom have a fantastic archive. Additional Information: Am, always on Twi er: @DazAltTheory - h ps://twi er.com/DazAltTheory END. PAGE 12

Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "the Great Charter of the Liberties"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes. His son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law. The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling Parliament of England passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance. At the end of the 16th century there was an upsurge in interest in Magna Carta. Lawyers and historians at the time believed that there was an ancient English constitution, going back to the days of the Anglo-Saxons, that protected individual English freedoms. They argued that the Norman invasion of 1066 had overthrown these rights, and that Magna Carta had been a popular attempt to restore them, making the charter an essential foundation for the contemporary powers of Parliament and legal principles such as habeas corpus. Although this historical account was badly flawed, jurists such as Sir Edward Coke used Magna Carta extensively in the early 17th century, arguing against the divine right of kings propounded by the Stuart monarchs. Both James I and his son Charles I attempted to suppress the discussion of Magna Carta, until the issue was curtailed by the English Civil War of the 1640s and the execution of Charles. The political myth of Magna Carta and its protection of ancient personal liberties persisted after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 until well into the 19th century. It influenced the early American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies and the formation of the American Constitution in 1787, which became the supreme law of the land in the new republic of the United States. Research by Victorian historians showed that the original 1215 charter had concerned the medieval relationship between the monarch and the barons, rather than the rights of ordinary people, but the charter remained a powerful, iconic document, even after almost all of its content was repealed from the statute books in the 19th and 20th centuries. Magna Carta still forms an important symbol of liberty today, often cited by politicians and campaigners, and is held in great respect by the British and American legal communities, Lord Denning describing it as "the greatest constitutional document of all times – the foundation of the freedom of the individual against the arbitrary authority of the despot". In the 21st century, four exemplifications of the original 1215 charter remain in existence, two at the British Library, one at Lincoln Cathedral and one at Salisbury Cathedral. There are also a handful of the subsequent charters in public and private ownership, including copies of the 1297 charter in both the United States and Australia. The original charters were written on parchment sheet --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/allthingsplantagenet/support

Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "the Great Charter of the Liberties"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes. His son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law. The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling Parliament of England passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance. At the end of the 16th century there was an upsurge in interest in Magna Carta. Lawyers and historians at the time believed that there was an ancient English constitution, going back to the days of the Anglo-Saxons, that protected individual English freedoms. They argued that the Norman invasion of 1066 had overthrown these rights, and that Magna Carta had been a popular attempt to restore them, making the charter an essential foundation for the contemporary powers of Parliament and legal principles such as habeas corpus. Although this historical account was badly flawed, jurists such as Sir Edward Coke used Magna Carta extensively in the early 17th century, arguing against the divine right of kings propounded by the Stuart monarchs. Both James I and his son Charles I attempted to suppress the discussion of Magna Carta, until the issue was curtailed by the English Civil War of the 1640s and the execution of Charles. The political myth of Magna Carta and its protection of ancient personal liberties persisted after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 until well into the 19th century. It influenced the early American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies and the formation of the American Constitution in 1787, which became the supreme law of the land in the new republic of the United States. Research by Victorian historians showed that the original 1215 charter had concerned the medieval relationship between the monarch and the barons, rather than the rights of ordinary people, but the charter remained a powerful, iconic document, even after almost all of its content was repealed from the statute books in the 19th and 20th centuries. Magna Carta still forms an important symbol of liberty today, often cited by politicians and campaigners, and is held in great respect by the British and American legal communities, Lord Denning describing it as "the greatest constitutional document of all times – the foundation of the freedom of the individual against the arbitrary authority of the despot". In the 21st century, four exemplifications of the original 1215 charter remain in existence, two at the British Library, one at Lincoln Cathedral and one at Salisbury Cathedral. There are also a handful of the subsequent charters in public and private ownership, including copies of the 1297 charter in both the United States and Australia. The original charters were written on parchment sheet --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/allthingsplantagenet/support

Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "the Great Charter of the Liberties"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes. His son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law. The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling Parliament of England passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance. At the end of the 16th century there was an upsurge in interest in Magna Carta. Lawyers and historians at the time believed that there was an ancient English constitution, going back to the days of the Anglo-Saxons, that protected individual English freedoms. They argued that the Norman invasion of 1066 had overthrown these rights, and that Magna Carta had been a popular attempt to restore them, making the charter an essential foundation for the contemporary powers of Parliament and legal principles such as habeas corpus. Although this historical account was badly flawed, jurists such as Sir Edward Coke used Magna Carta extensively in the early 17th century, arguing against the divine right of kings propounded by the Stuart monarchs. Both James I and his son Charles I attempted to suppress the discussion of Magna Carta, until the issue was curtailed by the English Civil War of the 1640s and the execution of Charles. The political myth of Magna Carta and its protection of ancient personal liberties persisted after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 until well into the 19th century. It influenced the early American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies and the formation of the American Constitution in 1787, which became the supreme law of the land in the new republic of the United States. Research by Victorian historians showed that the original 1215 charter had concerned the medieval relationship between the monarch and the barons, rather than the rights of ordinary people, but the charter remained a powerful, iconic document, even after almost all of its content was repealed from the statute books in the 19th and 20th centuries. Magna Carta still forms an important symbol of liberty today, often cited by politicians and campaigners, and is held in great respect by the British and American legal communities, Lord Denning describing it as "the greatest constitutional document of all times – the foundation of the freedom of the individual against the arbitrary authority of the despot". In the 21st century, four exemplifications of the original 1215 charter remain in existence, two at the British Library, one at Lincoln Cathedral and one at Salisbury Cathedral. There are also a handful of the subsequent charters in public and private ownership, including copies of the 1297 charter in both the United States and Australia. The original charters were written on parchment sheet --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/allthingsplantagenet/support

Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "the Great Charter of the Liberties"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to make peace between the unpopular King and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood behind their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War. After John's death, the regency government of his young son, Henry III, reissued the document in 1216, stripped of some of its more radical content, in an unsuccessful bid to build political support for their cause. At the end of the war in 1217, it formed part of the peace treaty agreed at Lambeth, where the document acquired the name Magna Carta, to distinguish it from the smaller Charter of the Forest which was issued at the same time. Short of funds, Henry reissued the charter again in 1225 in exchange for a grant of new taxes. His son, Edward I, repeated the exercise in 1297, this time confirming it as part of England's statute law. The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling Parliament of England passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance. At the end of the 16th century there was an upsurge in interest in Magna Carta. Lawyers and historians at the time believed that there was an ancient English constitution, going back to the days of the Anglo-Saxons, that protected individual English freedoms. They argued that the Norman invasion of 1066 had overthrown these rights, and that Magna Carta had been a popular attempt to restore them, making the charter an essential foundation for the contemporary powers of Parliament and legal principles such as habeas corpus. Although this historical account was badly flawed, jurists such as Sir Edward Coke used Magna Carta extensively in the early 17th century, arguing against the divine right of kings propounded by the Stuart monarchs. Both James I and his son Charles I attempted to suppress the discussion of Magna Carta, until the issue was curtailed by the English Civil War of the 1640s and the execution of Charles. The political myth of Magna Carta and its protection of ancient personal liberties persisted after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 until well into the 19th century. It influenced the early American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies and the formation of the American Constitution in 1787, which became the supreme law of the land in the new republic of the United States. Research by Victorian historians showed that the original 1215 charter had concerned the medieval relationship between the monarch and the barons, rather than the rights of ordinary people, but the charter remained a powerful, iconic document, even after almost all of its content was repealed from the statute books in the 19th and 20th centuries. Magna Carta still forms an important symbol of liberty today, often cited by politicians and campaigners, and is held in great respect by the British and American legal communities, Lord Denning describing it as "the greatest constitutional document of all times – the foundation of the freedom of the individual against the arbitrary authority of the despot". In the 21st century, four exemplifications of the original 1215 charter remain in existence, two at the British Library, one at Lincoln Cathedral and one at Salisbury Cathedral. There are also a handful of the subsequent charters in public and private ownership, including copies of the 1297 charter in both the United States and Australia. The original charters were written on parchment sheet --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/allthingsplantagenet/support

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death.[1] The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War. Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217. Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225, which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons. His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches, who re-established royal authority after the war. In 1230, the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father, but the invasion was a debacle. A revolt led by William Marshal's son, Richard, broke out in 1232, ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church. Following the revolt, Henry ruled England personally, rather than governing through senior ministers. He travelled less than previous monarchs, investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles. He married Eleanor of Provence, with whom he had five children. Henry was known for his piety, holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor, whom he adopted as his patron saint. He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England, ultimately crippling their ability to do business, and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened, he introduced the Statute of Jewry, attempting to segregate the community. In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family's lands in France, he invaded Poitou in 1242, leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg. After this, Henry relied on diplomacy, cultivating an alliance with Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry supported his brother Richard in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256, but was unable to place his own son Edmund on the throne of Sicily, despite investing large amounts of money. He planned to go on crusade to the Levant, but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony. By 1258, Henry's rule was increasingly unpopular, the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers, the Lusignans, as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts. A coalition of his barons, initially probably backed by Eleanor, seized power in a coup d'état and expelled the Poitevins from England, reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford. Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259, under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony. The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stable government and instability across England continued. In 1263, one of the more radical barons, Simon de Montfort, seized power, resulting in the Second Barons' War. Henry persuaded Louis to support his cause and mobilised an army. The Battle of Lewes occurred in 1264, where Henry was defeated and taken prisoner. Henry's eldest son, Edward, escaped from captivity to defeat de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham the following year and freed his father. Henry initially enacted a harsh revenge on the remaining rebels, but was persuaded by the Church to mollify his policies through the Dictum of Kenilworth. Reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures, including further suppression of the Jews, to maintain baronial and popular support. Henry died in 1272, leaving Edward as his successor. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, which he had rebuilt in the second half of his reign, and was moved to his current tomb in 1290. Some miracles were declared --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/allthingsplantagenet/support

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death.[1] The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War. Cardinal Guala declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217. Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225, which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons. His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches, who re-established royal authority after the war. In 1230, the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father, but the invasion was a debacle. A revolt led by William Marshal's son, Richard, broke out in 1232, ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church. Following the revolt, Henry ruled England personally, rather than governing through senior ministers. He travelled less than previous monarchs, investing heavily in a handful of his favourite palaces and castles. He married Eleanor of Provence, with whom he had five children. Henry was known for his piety, holding lavish religious ceremonies and giving generously to charities; the King was particularly devoted to the figure of Edward the Confessor, whom he adopted as his patron saint. He extracted huge sums of money from the Jews in England, ultimately crippling their ability to do business, and as attitudes towards the Jews hardened, he introduced the Statute of Jewry, attempting to segregate the community. In a fresh attempt to reclaim his family's lands in France, he invaded Poitou in 1242, leading to the disastrous Battle of Taillebourg. After this, Henry relied on diplomacy, cultivating an alliance with Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry supported his brother Richard in his bid to become King of the Romans in 1256, but was unable to place his own son Edmund on the throne of Sicily, despite investing large amounts of money. He planned to go on crusade to the Levant, but was prevented from doing so by rebellions in Gascony. By 1258, Henry's rule was increasingly unpopular, the result of the failure of his expensive foreign policies and the notoriety of his Poitevin half-brothers, the Lusignans, as well as the role of his local officials in collecting taxes and debts. A coalition of his barons, initially probably backed by Eleanor, seized power in a coup d'état and expelled the Poitevins from England, reforming the royal government through a process called the Provisions of Oxford. Henry and the baronial government enacted a peace with France in 1259, under which Henry gave up his rights to his other lands in France in return for King Louis IX recognising him as the rightful ruler of Gascony. The baronial regime collapsed but Henry was unable to reform a stable government and instability across England continued. In 1263, one of the more radical barons, Simon de Montfort, seized power, resulting in the Second Barons' War. Henry persuaded Louis to support his cause and mobilised an army. The Battle of Lewes occurred in 1264, where Henry was defeated and taken prisoner. Henry's eldest son, Edward, escaped from captivity to defeat de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham the following year and freed his father. Henry initially enacted a harsh revenge on the remaining rebels, but was persuaded by the Church to mollify his policies through the Dictum of Kenilworth. Reconstruction was slow and Henry had to acquiesce to various measures, including further suppression of the Jews, to maintain baronial and popular support. Henry died in 1272, leaving Edward as his successor. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, which he had rebuilt in the second half of his reign, and was moved to his current tomb in 1290. Some miracles were declared --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/allthingsplantagenet/support

Kellie and I get noble with some topics that spring to mind from our non podcasted game group ‘The Noble Hires’ to Noble privilege. Noblesse oblige- Noblesse oblige is a French expression used in English. It translates as "nobility obliges" and denotes the concept that nobility extends beyond mere entitlements and requires the person who holds such a status to fulfill social responsibilities.Wikipedia   the inferred responsibility of privileged people to act with generosity and nobility toward those less privileged. "there was to being a celebrity a certain element of noblesse oblige" Magna Carta Libertatum (Medieval Latin for "the Great Charter of the Liberties"), commonly called Magna Carta (also Magna Charta; "Great Charter"), is a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. “You can never have too many Dice!” Check out more RPGaDay over at https://www.facebook.com/RPGaDAY See more at http://creativeplayandpodcastnetwork.com/ Our other podcast https://creativeplayandpodcastnetwork.podbean.com/ And please listen and support us at https://www.patreon.com/cppn Follow us on Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/CreativePlayandPodcastNetwork/

Summary Classical Liberalism was birthed over eight hundred year ago with the signing of the Magna Carta, Magna Carta Libertatum, Medieval Latin for “Great Charter of the Liberties”, in 1215. This was the first crack in the “Divine Right of Kings”, which eventually led to the recognition of the “divine rights” of all people as endowed by their Creator as proclaimed in the American Declaration of Independence. Links and References Economics 101 Size of Government We Must All Hang Together Contact Please do reach out with comments or questions.  You can email me at will@revolution2-0.org, or connect with me on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. And you can subscribe to the podcast on your favorite device through Apple Podcasts, Google, or Stitcher. Transcript The beginnings of Classical Liberalism began over eight hundred years ago with the signing of the Magna Carta, Magna Carta Libertatum, Medieval Latin for “Great Charter of the Liberties”, in 1215. This was the first crack in the “Divine Right of Kings”, which eventually led to the recognition of the “divine rights” of all people as endowed by their Creator proclaimed publically in the American Declaration of Independence in 1776. With this document, the world’s oldest democracy was founded. How did we get from that historic moment of fierce bravery and unity to today’s deep and growing divisions? Classical Liberalism continued to find its voice. By the mid-19th century, it stood for economic and civil liberties, including the separation of church and state, with a limited government under the rule of law, private property, and market-based economies. Simply put, Liberalism stood for economic and civil liberties. Remember, under various monarchies and dictatorships in previous centuries, limited government, the rule of law, civil liberties and free economies were simply unthinkable. By the early 20th Century, a schism appeared with Liberals emphasizing the civil liberties part, and Conservatives emphasizing the economic liberties. Why the schism? Was it legitimate in that certain people thought that one or the other was getting short shrift and needed more attention and resources? Or was it artificially created to give the impression that one view, either the Liberals’ or Conservatives’, was correct, and the other incorrect--dead wrong, in fact? My guess is that both Liberals and Conservatives started on this divided road with the best of intentions; however, once they discovered that each part of the split in Classical Liberalism had its own enthusiastic audience, those two parts of the Classical movement, the two political parties, Democrats and Republicans, warmed to the self-serving task of widening the divide. But the answer to this who dunnit does not matter; today, most voices are all in on deepening and widening the gap--the division--in the body politic. And they are doing it for their own--and their party’s--benefit. For all they care, the country can pick up the pieces later. And whatever happens, both parties will blame the other. And you and I will be left holding the bag. Most certainly our children or grandchildren will be left with the empty bag. Worse, this is clearly a false choice: Why would an entire country be pushed unnecessarily--and dangerously--into choosing between civil and economic liberties? And how did the definition of civil liberties come to include an expanding welfare system? For that matter, how did those espousing economic liberties allow a huge and growing bureaucracy, including a 70K federal page tax code? While we are at it, how did it happen that the separation of church and state part of Classical Liberalism's civil liberties now prohibits things like a high school coach praying on the field at a game? At the time we revolted against England, the Church of England, established by Henry the Eighth’s ego and lust, was their main religion. Our Founders were not exorcising God from all public places.

WWI Centennial News SPECIAL This week and next week, we are going to break format as we present a 2-part special podcast version of  “In Sacrifice for Liberty and Peace”. This two part special is an adaptation from a live staged event the Commission produced on the April 6, 2017 centennial of America’s entry into: The war that changed the world. Edward Bilous as the artistic director, and Chris Christopher as the US WW1 Centennial Commission’s executive producer pulled together an amazing group of artists, historians musician, actors, and others for a live performance staged outdoors at the National WWI Museum and Memorial  in Kansas City to an audience of over 3,000 attendees. For this 2-part special we have excerpted key moments from the story that unfolds, the music that was performed and the readings from a cast of amazing actors, orators, musicians and other luminaries. Part 1 examines the great debate in America about getting into the war----more---- Talent Credits This podcast was adapted from the live event In Sacrifice for Liberty and Peace: Centennial Commemoration of the US entry into WWI   Credits for the live event include:   Edward Bilous Artistic Director John Rensenhouse Narrator Michelle DiBucci Music Director Sarah Outhwaite Video Designer   Carlos Murillo Script and Adaptation Greg Kalember Music Producer, Mix Engineer, Sound Design   Portia Kamons Executive Artistic Producer For Virtua Creative Shelby Rose Producer, Media and Special Events For Virtua Creative   Dale Morehouse Speaker   Carla Noack Speaker   David Paul Pre-Recorded Speaker   Janith English Principal Chief of the Wyandot Nation of Kansas   Sergeant Debra Kay Mooney Choctaw Nation   Col. Gerald York Grandson of Sergeant Alvin C. York   Deborah York Great-Granddaughter of Sergeant Alvin C. York   Noble Sissle Jr. Son of Noble Sissle   Featuring Musical Performances by 1st Infantry Division Band Michael Baden John Brancy Francesco Centano Billy Cliff Peter Dugan Ramona Dunlap Lisa Fisher Samantha Gossard Adam Holthus Christopher T. McLaurin Chrisi Poland Aaron Redburn Reuben Allen Matt Rombaum Alan Schwartz Yang Thou Charles Yang Alla Wijnands Bram Wijnands   Cast (In Alphabetical Order) Freddy Acevedo Yetunde Felix-Ukwu Jason Francescon Khalif Gillett Emilie Karas Chelsea Kisner Christopher Lyman Marianne McKenzie Victor Raider-Wexler   Artillery Master Charles B. Wood MEDIA CREDITS National World War I Museum and Memorial:  TheWorldWar.org Library of Congress: LOC.gov New York Public Library: DigitalCollections.nypl.org National Archives: Archives.gov National Historic Geographic Information System: NHGIS.org State Library of New South Wales: SL.nsw.gov.au Imperial War Museums: IWM.org.uk National Museum of African American History and Culture: NMAAHC.si.edu The Sergeant York Patriotic Foundation and the York Family: SgtYork.org Australian War Memorial: AWM.gov.au National Media Museum: NationalMediaMuseum.org.uk Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library Archive: WoodrowWilson.org Mathers Museum of World Culture: Mathers.indiana.edu Front Page Courtesy of The New York Times Company   PODCAST THEO MAYER WW1 Centennial News is brought to YOU by the U.S. World War I Centennial Commission and the Pritzker Military Museum and Library. I’m Theo Mayer - the Chief Technologist for the Commission and your host. Before we get into the main part of the show - - Let me try to set this up:   [SOUND EFFECT - WAYBACK MACHINE] We’ve gone back in time to June 28, 1914. Today, a 19 year-old radicalized teenage Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip guns down Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie - ON their wedding anniversary no less. So this was all kicked off by a misguided kid - after all - what does anybody know about consequences at 19, and gunning down celebrities - is - pretty dumb and definitely misguided. And the archduke was a celebrity - he was in line for the throne of the Austro-hungarian empire. Things are already pretty tense in Europe! Austria-Hungary, blames the Serbian government for the attack and sees this as great justification for settling the question of Slavic nationalism once and for all - with a little war action. BUT….  Russia supports Serbia, SO… Austria-Hungary asked Germany’s Kaiser Wilhelm to back them in the event of a Russian intervention… An intervention that would probably suck in Russia’s ally, France, and maybe Britain too. So - Just a month later on July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and a big burning match gets tossed on the very dry tinder of european tension… the tenuous peace between Europe’s big powers goes up in flames. Within a week, Russia, Belgium, France, Great Britain and Serbia line up against the Austria-Hungary and Germany, and World War I begin. But remember - no one knows at the time that this is a global war. It’s just a little imperial action which Germany sees as a great opportunity - Remember - in German the word Kaiser means EMPEROR - so emperor Wilhelm thinks that this is a good time to expand German imperial holding with a rush west -  across Belgium - to deliver a quick and decisive blow to France for an imperially profitable end to a simple, messy little conflict. BUT….at the First Battle of The Marne, 90 miles from Paris, the German plan falls apart and the Germans suffer a defeat at the hands of the Allies – over a million soldiers face off and fight over 6 days, and sadly more than 100,000 die. This is where we join up with the live production beginning with a quote from Barbara Tuchman from her book - The GUNS OF AUGUST: “After the Marne, the war grew and spread until it drew in the nations of both hemispheres and entangled them in a... world conflict no peace treaty could dissolve. The Battle of Marne was one of the decisive battles… not because it determined that Germany would ultimately lose or the Allies ultimately win the war, but because it determined that the war would go on…. The nations were caught in a trap… from which there was… no exit.”   NARRATOR Even with the United States remaining resolutely neutral, many young Americans needed no persuasion to join the War effort. Mary Gladwin, a nurse from Akron, Ohio, was among the first American Red Cross nurses to go to Europe during the War, serving as the supervisor of nurses at the American Hospital in Belgrade. She wrote:   MARY GLADWIN The cannonading lasted all the time. There was no time during twenty-four hours in the first six months  that  some of the guns were not fired. My room was a little whitewashed one. Every time one of the big French guns would fire.... It would illuminate all the wall and then... I would hear the boom of the guns. That kept up night after night, until the time came that we did not hear them any more…   NARRATOR Eugene Bullard, the only African American pilot to fly in World War I, did so not for the United States, but for France. The son of a freed slave, Bullard stowed away to Europe in 1912, determined to escape racism in the US. After working as a boxer and vaudeville performer in England, Bullard settled in France. When hostilities broke out, he joined the infantry of the French Foreign Legion, earning the Croix de Guerre for bravery at the Battle of Verdun. After sustaining injuries and declared unfit for infantry service, Bullard earned his wings with the Aeronautique Militaire of France, and joined the Lafayette Flying Corps in 1916. His plane was decorated with the slogan” “All Blood Runs Red.” When the US entered the war, Bullard tried to enlist as a flyer for the Americans:   BULLARD “I was more and more puzzled until it suddenly came to me that all my fellow countrymen who had transferred were white. Later, I learned that in World War I Negroes were not accepted as flyers in the United States Army. This hurt me, deeply.”   THEO MAYER When hostilities broke out in Europe, thousands of Americans touring the continent descended on London hoping to find safe passage home, only to find themselves unable to obtain accommodations or tickets for the few ships sailing. A forty year old mining engineer and financier from Iowa by the name of Herbert Hoover was living in London in 1914. Hoover organized an American relief committee that provided food, shelter and financial assistance to over 100,000 Americans. Hoover’s leadership earned him the respect of the US Ambassador to Great Britain, Walter Hines Page. Ambassador Page tapped Hoover to lead a relief mission to Belgium. After the Battle of Marne, Belgium faced starvation. Germany had invaded, but refused to take responsibility for feeding the populace. On the other side, Britain’s Naval blockade prevented ships from entering Belgian ports. So in October of 1914, Herbert Hoover established an organization to procure and deliver food to the starving Belgian population, rescuing a nation from certain ruin. Herbert Hoover wrote:   HERBERT HOOVER "...there was no former human experience to turn for guidance. It would require that we find the major food supply for a whole nation; raise the money to pay for it; get it past navies at sea and occupying armies on land; set up an agency for distribution of supplies for everybody justly; and see that the enemy took none of it. It was not ‘relief’ in any known sense. It was the feeding of a nation.   THEO MAYER This will later earn Herbert Hoover the job of heading the united states food administration… and of course he also becomes the 31st President of the United State [SOUND EFFECT] Dateline May 8, 1915 Headline of the NY times reads: LUSITANIA SUNK BY SUBMARINE, PROBABLY 1,260 DEAD; TWICE TORPEDOED OFF IRISH COAST; SINKS IN 15 MINUTES; FROHMAN AND VANDERBILT MISSING; WASHINGTON BELIEVES THAT A GRAVE CRISIS IS AT HAND   SONG: WHEN THE LUSITANIA WENT DOWN A thousand more, who sailed from our shore, Have gone to eternity. The Statue of Liberty high Must now have a tear in her eye. I think it's a shame-- Some one is to blame, But all we can do is just sigh!   Chorus Some of us lost a true sweetheart; Some of us lost a dear dad; Some lost their mothers, sisters, and brothers; Some lost the best friends they had. It's time they were stopping this warfare If women and children must drown. Many brave hearts went to sleep in the deep When the Lusitania went down.   Refrain Many brave hearts went to sleep in the deep When the Lusitania went down.   THEO MAYER US neutrality faced numerous tests. Vying for control over shipping lanes across the Atlantic and through the North Sea, Germany and Britain both found themselves on a collision course with the United States. Britain, in their effort to blockade commerce from the US reaching Germany, seized American ships. Germany, in retaliation to US shipments, introduced a new weapon of war – the U-Boat – which could strike without warning. In 1915, German U-Boats sank over 90 ships.   NARRATOR Leading up to the Election of 1916, many Americans favored the Allies in the War, yet embraced President Wilson’s urging to remain “impartial in thought as well as in action.” At the time, one third of US citizens were either born in Europe or were descendants of European immigrants. Sympathy for both countries on both sides of the conflict ran high. The descendants of German immigrants found themselves torn, on the one hand identifying firstly as Americans, yet on the other, sympathizing with their relatives abroad. When the US entered the War, German-Americans were labeled “alien enemies” and faced severe restrictions on their civil liberties. Irish Americans preferred neutrality as well, as the prospect of the U.S. entering the War on the side of the British was an anathema to Irish nationalist sentiment. The sinking of the Lusitania led many Americans to call for an immediate reprisal against Germany. Wilson proceeded with caution, demanding an apology, compensation for the victims and assurances that Germany would cease unrestricted submarine warfare. In a speech delivered at a Citizen Naturalization Ceremony on May 10, 1915, Wilson affirmed the anti-War US stance:   WILSON “America must have this consciousness, that on all sides it touches elbows and touches hearts with all the nations of mankind. The example of America must be the example not merely of peace because it will not fight, but of peace because peace is the healing… influence of the world.... There is such a thing as a man being too proud to fight. There is such a thing as a nation being so right that it does not need to convince others by force that it is right.”   NARRATOR Wilson’s measured response faced opposition from figures like former President Theodore Roosevelt, who believed Germany’s aggression warranted a strong military response:   THEODORE ROOSEVELT “I am pretty well disgusted with our government and with the way our people acquiesce in and support it. I suppose, however, in a democracy like ours the people will always do well or ill largely in proportion to their leadership. If Lincoln had acted after the firing on Sumter in the way that Wilson did about the sinking of the Lusitania, in one month the North would have been saying they were so glad he kept them out of the war and… that at all hazards fratricidal war must be averted.”   NARRATOR Theodore Roosevelt’s words were not mere bluster. He would eventually see three of his sons off to war. Two would return alive. His youngest son, Quentin, died when he was shot down over France in 1918.   THEO MAYER The conflict  about  US neutrality  didn't just rage in Washington, but was reflected throughout  american society and culture  - Here is the great debate playing out as musical counterpoint in two popular songs of the times sung from the hearts of two mothers.   SONG MEDLEY: “I Didn’t Raise My Boy To Be A Soldier” - “America, Here’s My Boy”   Verse 1 There’s a million mothers knocking at the nation’s door A million mothers, yes and they’ll be millions more, And while within each mother’s heart they pray Just hark what one brave mother has to say: Chorus America, I raised a boy for you America, you’ll find him staunch and true Place a gun upon his shoulder He is ready to die or do America, he is my only one; My hope, my pride and joy, But if I had another, He would march beside his brother; America here’s my boy   Verse 2 There’s a million mothers waiting by the fireside bright A million mothers waiting for the call tonight And while within each heart there’ll be a tear She’ll watch her boy go marching with a cheer   Chorus America, I raised a boy for you America, you’ll find him staunch and true Place a gun upon his shoulder He is ready to die o My hope, my pride and joy, But if I had another, He would march beside his brother; America here’s my boy.   Verse 1 Ten million soldiers to the war have gone Who may never return again Ten million mothers’ hearts must break For the ones who died in vain Head bowed down in sorrow in her lonely years I heard a mother murmur thro’ her tears:   Chorus: “I didn’t raise my boy to be a soldier, I brought him up to be my pride and joy.” Who dares place a musket on his shoulder To shoot some other mother’s darling boy? Let nations arbitrate their future troubles, It’s time to lay the sword and gun away. There’d be no war today If mothers all would say: “I didn’t raise my boy to be a soldier.”   Verse 2 What victory can cheer a mother’s heart When she looks at her blighted home? What victory can bring her back All she cared to call her own? Let each mother answer in the years to be, Remember that my boy belongs to me!   Chorus: “I didn’t raise my boy to be a soldier, I brought him up to be my pride and joy.” Who dares place a musket on his shoulder To shoot some other mother’s darling boy? Let nations arbitrate their future troubles, It’s time to lay the sword and gun away.   NARRATOR At the other end of the political spectrum, the editors of the conservative North American Review argued for U.S. participation:   THE EDITORS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW We know now… what this war is. It is the last of the great battles for Freedom and Democracy. America fought the first a century and forty years ago. France followed through seas of blood and tears. But lately the Great Charter has passed… from the barons to the people of England. Japan has ceased to be a monarchy except in name. China as a Republic defies the power of might…. Can anyone doubt that the beginning of the end of absolutism is at hand….?   NARRATOR Legendary newspaper reporter Walter Lippman offered this third-way assessment of the role America could play in the War:   WALTER LIPPMANN In May 1916, the President made a speech which will be counted among the... decisive utterances of American foreign policy…. The speech was an announcement that American isolation was ended, and that we were prepared to join a League of Peace….. …it was intended to make clear to the world… that if America has to fight, it would fight for peace and the order of the world. It was a great portent in human history, but it was overshadowed at the time by the opening of the Presidential campaign.”   THEO MAYER The United States, like Canada and the British Empire, absorbed a massive influx of immigrants from the end of the 19th Century through the war. Capitalizing on the idea that immigrants traveled to distant shores seeking freedom from tyranny, recruitment efforts in all three countries appealed to immigrants’ indebtedness – in exchange for their freedom, and their children’s freedom, they were urged to show their patriotism by enlisting in the fight.   “THERE’S NO HYPHEN IN MY HEART” SONG   Verse 1 To these broad shores my fathers came From lands beyond the sea They left their homes they left their friends To breathe an air more free To them an alien land it seemed With customs strange and new But my heart knows just one dear flag The Red, the White, the Blue   Chorus: There is no hyphen in my heart It can’t be cut in two Oh flag of bars and silver stars I’ve given it all to you   Verse 2 Columbia to me you’ve been A mother fond and true My heart’s best love and loyal trust I gladly offer you Let others sing of native lands Far o’er the ocean’s foam The spot where floats the stars and stripes Shall ever be my home   Chorus: There is no hyphen in my heart It can’t be cut in two Oh flag of bars and silver stars I’ve given it all to you   NARRATOR The 1916 election hinged on the question of America’s neutrality in the War. Wilson, running for a second term, built his candidacy around the idea that America ought to prepare for the possibility of war, yet the campaign slogans “He Kept Us Out of War” and “America First” persuaded the American public that a vote for the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes, would be a vote for war. While many embraced the slogans, others criticized them. Teddy Roosevelt:   TEDDY ROOSEVELT President Wilson’s ignoble shirking of responsibility has been mis-clothed in… the phrase of a coward, “He Kept Us Out of War.” In actual reality, war has been creeping nearer. . . and we face it without policy, plan, purpose, or preparation.   NARRATOR In September 1916, Wilson accepted the Democratic nomination for President:   WILSON “We have been neutral not only because it was the fixed and traditional policy of the United States to stand aloof from the politics of Europe… but also because it was manifestly our duty to prevent … the indefinite extension of the fires of hate and desolation kindled by that terrible conflict and seek to serve mankind by reserving our strength and our resources for the… difficult days of restoration and healing …, when peace will have to build its house anew.”   NARRATOR The Debate reached every corner of American society. Voices for and against the US joining the war included not only politicians, but men who would likely be called to serve, women, African Americans and Native Americans fighting for an equal role in American Civic life.   NARRATOR American Arthur Bullard, who had lived in war-time France and England, wrote in early 1917:   ARTHUR BULLARD Whatever the diplomats may like to call it, this is War. And we do not know how to fight…. We have no American general who ever commanded an Army corps, not one of our naval officers ever fought against a Dreadnought, none of our artillery men ever fired a real shot at an enemy aircraft. We must learn…. The war is upon us and we... must decide what we are going to do about it… We who love peace ought to keep out of war as long as possible and when we are forced to go in – go in hard!   NARRATOR For women, the prospect of war also provoked debate. Many nurses of the American Red Cross nurses had experienced the tribulations of War first hand. Jane Delano, founder of the American Red Cross Nursing Service, wrote in the winter of 1915:   JANE DELANO We have learned that women can be mobilized without confusion; that their chances of illness when ... seem to be no greater than men’s; that they face danger with equanimity…. Out of this experience we should be…. able to guarantee a satisfactory nursing personnel not only for national relief in time of calamity, but for efficient service should our country be confronted with that greatest of all disasters – War.   NARRATOR A year later, Bessie R. James of the National League for Women’s Service wrote:   BESSIE R. JAMES On November 8, 1916, the foresight of the women… is something which cannot but arouse admiration. That anyone should organize to prepare half the populace of the country for war while a president was being put back into office because of a supposed peace policy would seem ridiculous. This however, was exactly what happened.   NARRATOR The first years of the War coincided with the beginning of The Great Migration, a transformative period for African Americans who fled the entrenched racism of the south for better wages and living conditions in northern cities like Chicago, Pittsburgh, Detroit and New York. At the outbreak of war, many African Americans viewed service in the military as an opportunity to show their willingness to serve and improve on their standing as second-class citizens. Others were more skeptical. In a 1917 issue of The Messenger, Chandler Owen and A. Phillip Randolph challenged the hypocrisy of American democratic ideals in relation to African American struggle:   OWEN & RANDOLPH; Patriotism has no appeal to us; justice has. Party has no weight with us; principle has.   NARRATOR In his 1914 editorial, “World War and the Color Line,” W.E.B. Dubois drew connections between the crisis in Europe and the conditions experienced by African Americans at home: W.E.B. DUBOIS Many colored persons… may easily make the mistake of supposing that the present war is far removed from the color problem in America…. This attitude is a mistake. The present war in Europe is one of the great disasters due to race and color prejudice and it but foreshadows greater disasters in the future….   NARRATOR As the likelihood of war increased in early 1917, DuBois again unleashed his pen to reflect on the institution of segregated training camps:   W.E.B. DUBOIS We must choose then between the insult of a separate camp and the irreparable injury of strengthening the present custom of putting no black men in positions of authority here is only one thing to do now, and that is to organize the colored people for leadership and service, if war should come. A thousand commissioned officers of colored blood is something to work for.   NARRATOR Diplomat, lawyer, and official of the NAACP James Weldon Johnson called for an end to what he termed the “Excess Patriotism” which had led the world’s nations to war: JOHNSON It is this hot, high-tempered, foolish, bad-mannered patriotism that keeps farther away the day for which all lovers of humanity pray; the day when men shall not hate each other because of the boundaries of domain or the differences of race, but when universal brotherhood shall be established and a lasting peace shall reign.   ARE THEY EQUAL IN THE EYES OF THE LAW SONG Verse 1 As they sit in consultation Seeking peace for the wide, wide world I wonder if their thought e’er turn to me. I was at the concentration of the troops that stopt the whirl Of the Kaiser in his dash to the sea. As I sit in meditation Seeking solace from on high I wonder if they see I stand in awe, As they plan the federation for the races far and nigh Are they equal in the eyes of the law?   Chorus: Are they equal in the eyes of the law? The black man faced his death and cried, “Hurrah?” His soul was pure and white, He fought a manly fight, No more patriotic sons you ever saw Are they equal in the eyes of the law? The black man faced his death and cried, “Hurrah?” They were the same in no man’s land, Tell me how so they stand? Are they equal in the eyes of the law?   Verse 3 God, the Father of creation, Hear, oh, hear my humble plea, As with contrite heart I call thy holy name. In this land of desolation, Where they lynch and torture me, Keep them, Father, from this life of sin and shame. Oh thou God of restitution, Though with vengeance in Thy hand, We pray Thee, Keep us from grim hatred’s mighty claw Show them, Lord, that retribution, Runs its course throughout the land, To make men equal in the eyes of the law.   Chorus: Are they equal in the eyes of the law? The black man faced his death and cried, “Hurrah?” His soul was pure and white, He fought a manly fight, No more patriotic sons you ever saw Are they equal in the eyes of the law? The black man faced his death and cried, “Hurrah?” They were the same to the God of the hosts, Tell me in your Freedom’s boasts, Are they equal in the eyes of the law?   NARRATOR America’s native peoples overwhelmingly supported the United States during the Great War, although a few leaders such as Dr. Carlos Montezuma, a Yavapai-Apache, objected. He wrote:   CARLOS MONTEZUMA They are not citizens. They have fewer privileges than have foreigners. They are wards of the United States of America without their consent or the chance of protest on their part.   NARRATOR But most Indian leaders saw the conflict as an opportunity to gain recognition and to affirm tribal sovereignty, as did the Onondaga and Oneida Nations that declared war on Germany.   In 1917, Oglala Chief Red Fox, a nephew of Crazy Horse, went to Washington and urged Secretary of War Newton D. Baker, to offer the services of the Indians in the Great War:   CHIEF RED FOX From all over the West, we now stand ready--fifty thousand Indians between the ages of seventeen and fifty-five. We beg of you, to give us the right to fight. We guarantee to you, sir, our hearts could be for no better cause than to fight for the land we love, and for the freedom we share.   NARRATOR Chief Red Fox’s sentiments were echoed by the Seneca Arthur Parker, President of the Society of American Indians in 1917, who wrote:   ARTHUR PARKER The American Indian has common cause with the Allies.  The Indian fights because he loves freedom and because humanity needs the defense of the freedom loving man. The Indian fights because his country, his liberties, his ideals and his manhood are assailed by the brutal hypocrisy of Prussianism. Challenged, the Indian has... shown himself a citizen of the world, [and] an exponent of an ethical civilization wherein human liberty is assured.   NARRATOR The outcome of the 1916 election reflected divisions in the country. Winning by a slim Electoral College margin, Wilson’s second term would soon face a series of crises that would determine the fate of his neutral position in the war.   NARRATOR - ALL READERS While debate raged in America, the slaughter continued in Europe. Rapid advances in the technology of weapons of war led to vast devastation. For the first time in history the battlefield saw the use of tanks, chemical weapons, machine guns, long-range artillery and aircraft. Sixty five million men fought in the War from 40 countries. Twenty one million were wounded. Eight million died – roughly 3,000 every day. Six and a half million civilians were killed including two million in Russia alone. One hundred and ten thousand tons of poison gas was used, killing nearly half a million men. In Europe alone, approximately 10 million people were displaced by the war, including 1.8 million Armenians forcibly deported to the Syrian desert. 1.5 million Belgians were refugees from the Germans. In the Battle of Somme, fought between July and November of 1916, 1.2 million men perished for a meager Allied gain of 7.8 miles of territory. During the Battle of Somme, it is estimated that in the first week of fighting over one and one half million artillery shells were fired… almost three shells per second for 168 continuous hours. (NEED THIS STATISTIC!!) Never before had humankind unleashed terror on this scale and it’s effects permanently scarred the landscape and the souls of those who were there. THEO MAYER And that is the end of  part 1 of “In Sacrifice for Liberty and Peace” Join us again next week for part II   The US World War One Centennial Commission was created by Congress to honor, commemorate and educate about WW1. Our programs are to-- inspire a national conversation and awareness about WW1; Our podcast is a part of that endeavor We are bringing the lessons of the 100 years ago into today's classrooms; We are helping to restore WW1 memorials in communities of all sizes across our country; and of course we are building America’s National WW1 Memorial in Washington DC.   If you like the work we are doing, please support it with a tax deductible donation at ww1cc.org/donate - all lower case Or if you are on your smart phone text  the word: WW1 to 41444. that's the letters ww the number 1 texted to 41444. Any amount is appreciated.   We want to thank commission’s founding sponsor the Pritzker Military Museum and Library for their support. The podcast can be found on our website at ww1cc.org/cn   on  iTunes and google play ww1 Centennial News. Our twitter and instagram handles are both @ww1cc and we are on facebook @ww1centennial. Thanks for listening to this special presentation of WW1 Centennial News… A full list of the many talented people who contributed to this production is in the podcast notes.   [MUSIC] So long.

Welcome to the second episode on Magna Carta with a new microphone cable. In this episode we cover the key clauses of the Great Charter and why they matter today.

On September 9 at noon, A. E. Dick Howard will deliver a Banner Lecture entitled "Magna Carta: 800 Years since Runnymede." A. E. Dick HowardIn 2015 people on both sides of the Atlantic will mark the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta. On June 15, 1215, at Runnymede, a reluctant King John agreed to the barons' terms in a document which came to be known as Magna Carta. Though the king never meant to keep his promises, Magna Carta survived. Down through the centuries, it has been a symbol of opposition to arbitrary government. Magna Carta came to America with the English colonies' first charters. In the years leading up to the Revolution, Americans framed their arguments against British policies by drawing upon the language of the early charters and upon Magna Carta as their birthright. Having declared independence, Americans turned to writing and implementing state constitutions and, ultimately, a Federal Constitution. Magna Carta left an indelible mark on these developments. At the core of this legacy is the rule of law—the thesis that no one, including those in government, is above the law. Another principle traceable to the Great Charter is constitutional supremacy—the idea of a superstatute against which ordinary laws are to be measured. Constitutional provisions guaranteeing due process of law derive directly from Magna Carta's assurance of proceedings according to the "law of the land." And the uses successive generations, in England and America, have made of the Charter have given us the idea of an organic, evolving Constitution, one that can be adapted to the needs and challenges of our own time. A. E. Dick Howard is the White Burkett Miller Professor of Law and Public Affairs at the University of Virginia. A Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University, he was a law clerk to Justice Hugo L. Black of the Supreme Court of the United States. A member of High Table at Christ Church, Oxford, Professor Howard has written extensively on constitutional law and history, including The Road from Runnymede: Magna Carta and Constitutionalism in America. Recently the University of Virginia conferred on him its Thomas Jefferson Award—the highest honor the University accords a member of the faculty

On September 9, 2015, A. E. Dick Howard will deliver a Banner Lecture entitled "Magna Carta: 800 Years since Runnymede." A. E. Dick HowardIn 2015 people on both sides of the Atlantic will mark the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta. On June 15, 1215, at Runnymede, a reluctant King John agreed to the barons' terms in a document which came to be known as Magna Carta. Though the king never meant to keep his promises, Magna Carta survived. Down through the centuries, it has been a symbol of opposition to arbitrary government. Magna Carta came to America with the English colonies' first charters. In the years leading up to the Revolution, Americans framed their arguments against British policies by drawing upon the language of the early charters and upon Magna Carta as their birthright. Having declared independence, Americans turned to writing and implementing state constitutions and, ultimately, a Federal Constitution. Magna Carta left an indelible mark on these developments. At the core of this legacy is the rule of law—the thesis that no one, including those in government, is above the law. Another principle traceable to the Great Charter is constitutional supremacy—the idea of a superstatute against which ordinary laws are to be measured. Constitutional provisions guaranteeing due process of law derive directly from Magna Carta's assurance of proceedings according to the "law of the land." And the uses successive generations, in England and America, have made of the Charter have given us the idea of an organic, evolving Constitution, one that can be adapted to the needs and challenges of our own time. A. E. Dick Howard is the White Burkett Miller Professor of Law and Public Affairs at the University of Virginia. A Rhodes Scholar at Oxford University, he was a law clerk to Justice Hugo L. Black of the Supreme Court of the United States. A member of High Table at Christ Church, Oxford, Professor Howard has written extensively on constitutional law and history, including The Road from Runnymede: Magna Carta and Constitutionalism in America. Recently the University of Virginia conferred on him its Thomas Jefferson Award—the highest honor the University accords a member of the faculty. The content and opinions expressed in these presentations are solely those of the speaker and not necessarily of the Virginia Museum of History & Culture.

The Magna Carta was a milestone that circumscribed the power of the sovereign for the first time in human history. In his new book, distinguished British historian and television personality David Starkey looks at the origins of the Great Charter in the 13th century, its significant early revisions, and the ways in which it has been interpreted and reinterpreted by subsequent generations. Starkey explains how core principles of this quintessentially English document migrated to the North American colonies and eventually became the cornerstone of the U.S. Constitution. He also explores how the Magna Carta indirectly led to the enshrinement of human rights in such documents as the Bill of Rights. Please join us for a discussion of the past and current state of constitutional politics in the western world—including the assault on our freedoms by the proponents of multiculturalism and political correctness. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

What's Magna Carta — legal icon, myth, or misconception? When was Magna Carta —1215, say the historians, the lawyers (were they to agree) might say 1297. In this talk Dr Nigel Jamieson, Faculty of Law at the University of Otago discusses what Magna Carta might mean for us today — being in Latin most modernists would shrug it off; some cynics say it means nothing much, since it's only called the Great Charter because in 1215 they couldn't text it down to twenty words; others say it's not for us today because we're far more up with the political play; and then there are those today who extol it to divert our attention away from the fact that they're fiddling the books behind our backs. 21 July 2015

What's Magna Carta — legal icon, myth, or misconception? When was Magna Carta —1215, say the historians, the lawyers (were they to agree) might say 1297. In this talk Dr Nigel Jamieson, Faculty of Law at the University of Otago discusses what Magna Carta might mean for us today — being in Latin most modernists would shrug it off; some cynics say it means nothing much, since it's only called the Great Charter because in 1215 they couldn't text it down to twenty words; others say it's not for us today because we're far more up with the political play; and then there are those today who extol it to divert our attention away from the fact that they're fiddling the books behind our backs. 21 July 2015

What’s Magna Carta — legal icon, myth, or misconception? When was Magna Carta —1215, say the historians, the lawyers (were they to agree) might say 1297. In this talk Dr Nigel Jamieson, Faculty of Law at the University of Otago discusses what Magna Carta might mean for us today — being in Latin most modernists would shrug it off; some cynics say it means nothing much, since it’s only called the Great Charter because in 1215 they couldn’t text it down to twenty words; others say it’s not for us today because we’re far more up with the political play; and then there are those today who extol it to divert our attention away from the fact that they’re fiddling the books behind our backs. 21 July 2015

The Gist of Freedom is pleased to welcome Professor Robert Pallito, author of In the Shadow of the Great Charter. In the Supreme Court's 2008 ruling on whether Guantanamo detainees could be barred from U.S. courts, Justice Anthony Kennedy cited both the U.S. Constitution and the Magna Carta. Why would a 21st-century judge invoke a document signed by an English king in the 13th century? As professor  Robert Pallitto,  author of In the Shadow of the Great Charter; shows, Magna Carta's legacy in the United States reaches back to the nation's founding, with even the colonial charters reflecting its influence and principles that protect the rights and liberty of the citizenry. A book signing follows the program.   Magna Carta Day: June 15-800th Anniversary of Magna Carta Magna Carta Cake Monday, June 15, 1:30-2:30 p.m. National Archives, Washington D.C ~ William G. McGowan Theater Lobby Click here for more info http://www.archives.gov/calendar/ In celebration of the 800th anniversary of the sealing of Magna Carta, join us for a slice of Magna Carta cake! Free cake with an image of Magna Carta will be served to the first 200 attendees.   An image of Magna Carta will be icing on the cake!

Darrell Castle talks about the 800th birthday of the Great Charter and “Freedom Under Law” June 15, 1215.

The year 2015 marks the 800th anniversary of the signing of the Great Charter. This month's podcast discusses the history, the controversy, and the legacy of the Magna Carta

June marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, the “Great Charter of Liberties” that King John of England agreed to and that aimed to limit the Crown’s power. The Magna Carta exerted a significant influence on the development of the common law in England and subsequently in the United States. Richard Helmholz will explain the emergence of the Magna Carta, describe its substance, and discuss its impact on the rule of law in England. Roger Pilon will speak about the charter’s importance to the United States. And Tom Palmer will discuss similar charters in other parts of medieval Europe. Other speakers will address the unsteady spread of the rule of law around the world: Richard Pipes will describe the case of Russia, Swami Aiyar will discuss India’s experience, and Juan Carlos Botero will give a global overview of progress and challenges based on the Rule of Law Index. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

June marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, the “Great Charter of Liberties” that King John of England agreed to and that aimed to limit the Crown’s power. The Magna Carta exerted a significant influence on the development of the common law in England and subsequently in the United States. Richard Helmholz will explain the emergence of the Magna Carta, describe its substance, and discuss its impact on the rule of law in England. Roger Pilon will speak about the charter’s importance to the United States. And Tom Palmer will discuss similar charters in other parts of medieval Europe. Other speakers will address the unsteady spread of the rule of law around the world: Richard Pipes will describe the case of Russia, Swami Aiyar will discuss India’s experience, and Juan Carlos Botero will give a global overview of progress and challenges based on the Rule of Law Index. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Dec. 9, 2014. As a part of a symposium on the enduring legacy of Magna Carta, Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer is interviewed by David Rubenstein. Speaker Biography: Stephen G. Breyer is an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Speaker Biography: David Rubenstein is co-founder and co-CEO of the Carlyle Group. For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6697

David Starkey, one of Britain’s best-known historians, joins us to offer his views on the Great Charter as it approaches its 800th anniversary. Meanwhile, we speak to Professor Dan Stone about the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps and about how these events impacted on all those involved. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Dec. 9, 2014. Scholars, historians and contemporary thinkers discuss how Magna Carta's political and legal traditions have carried into our current times at this symposium, Conversations on the Enduring Legacy of the Great Charter, held in conjunction with the Library's exhibition, "Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor." Speakers included Carrie Johnson (National Public Radio), Vicki Jackson (Harvard Law School) and Craig Lerner (George Mason University Law School). For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6628

Dec. 9, 2014. Scholars, historians and contemporary thinkers discuss how Magna Carta's political and legal traditions have carried into our current times at this symposium, Conversations on the Enduring Legacy of the Great Charter, held in conjunction with the Library's exhibition, "Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor." Speakers included Roberta I. Shaffer (Library of Congress, ret.), Jonathan Jacobs (City University of New York) and William C. Hubbard (American Bar Association). For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6630

Dec. 9, 2014. Scholars, historians and contemporary thinkers discuss how Magna Carta's political and legal traditions have carried into our current times at this symposium, Conversations on the Enduring Legacy of the Great Charter, held in conjunction with the Library's exhibition, "Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor." Speaker Biography: Renee Lettow Lerner is professor of law at George Washington University Law School. For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6629

Dec. 9, 2014. David Mao and Sir Robert Worcester provide opening remarks for the symposium, Conversations on the Enduring Legacy of the Great Charter, held in conjunction with the Library's exhibition, "Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor." Speaker Biography: David S. Mao is the Law Librarian of Congress. Speaker Biography: Sir Robert Worcester is chair of the Magna Carta 800th Anniversary Commemoration Committee. For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6626

Dec. 9, 2014. Scholars, historians and contemporary thinkers discuss how Magna Carta's political and legal traditions have carried into our current times at this symposium, Conversations on the Enduring Legacy of the Great Charter, held in conjunction with the Library's exhibition, "Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor." Speaker Biography: Joyce Lee Malcolm is Patrick Henry Professor of Constitutional Law and the Second Amendment at the George Mason University School of Law. For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6622

Dec. 9, 2015. Scholars, historians and contemporary thinkers discuss how Magna Carta's political and legal traditions have carried into our current times at this symposium, Conversations on the Enduring Legacy of the Great Charter, held in conjunction with the Library's exhibition, "Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor." Speakers included Law Librarian of Congress David Mao and Sir Robert Worcester. For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6623

Dec. 9, 2014. Scholars, historians and contemporary thinkers discuss how Magna Carta's political and legal traditions have carried into our current times at this symposium, Conversations on the Enduring Legacy of the Great Charter, held in conjunction with the Library's exhibition, "Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor." Speakers included law professors John Witte Jr. and Alonzo L. McDonald. For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6621

Dec. 9, 2014. Scholars, historians and contemporary thinkers discuss how Magna Carta's political and legal traditions have carried into our current times at this symposium, Conversations on the Enduring Legacy of the Great Charter, held in conjunction with the Library's exhibition, "Magna Carta: Muse and Mentor." Speakers include A.E. Dick Howard, Cornelius Kerwin and David Fontana. For transcript, captions, and more information, visit http://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=6613

next episode  16th march William the Conqueror (c.1028 - c.1087)   Early in 1066, Edward, king of England died and Harold, Earl of Wessex was crowned king. William was furious, claiming that in 1051 Edward, a distant cousin, had promised him the throne and that Harold had later sworn to support that claim.   The first years of William's reign were spent crushing resistance and securing his borders, which he did with ruthless efficiency.    Horrible Histories  How William the Conqueror  came to England Horrible histories battle of Hastings - YouTube The Domesday Book     Based on the Domesday survey of 1085-6, which was drawn up on the orders of King William I, it describes in remarkable detail, the landholdings and resources of late 11th-century England,    Providing definitive proof of rights to land and obligations to tax and military service, its 913 pages and two million Latin words describe more than 13,000 places in England and parts of Wales. Nicknamed the 'Domesday' Book by the native English, after God's final Day of Judgement     Richard the Lionheart   As king, Richard's chief ambition was to join the Third Crusade, prompted by Saladin's capture of Jerusalem in 1187. To finance this, he sold sheriffdoms and other offices and in 1190 he departed for the Holy Land.    Although he came close, Jerusalem, the crusade's main objective, eluded him. Moreover, fierce quarrels among the French, German and English contingents provided further troubles. After a year's stalemate, Richard made a truce with Saladin and started his journey home   Richard the lion heart video Horrible Histories King Richard I - YouTube    Richard, became king. John received titles, lands and money, but this was not enough. In October 1190, Richard recognised his nephew, Arthur, as his heir. Three years later, when Richard was imprisoned in Germany, John tried to seize control. He was unsuccessful and, when Richard returned in early 1194, was banished. The two were soon reconciled and, when Arthur was captured by Philip II in 1196, Richard named John heir   Richard the lion heart death video   Horrible Histories Stupid Deaths Richard The Lion Heart - YouTube    King john In 1199, Richard died and John became king.      his government became increasingly ruthless and efficient in its financial administration. Taxes soared and he began to exploit his feudal rights ever more harshly.   This bred increasing baronial discontent. Negotiations between John and his barons failed and civil war broke out in May 1215. When the rebels seized London, John was compelled to negotiate further and, on 19 June at Runnymede on the River Thames, he accepted the baronial terms embodied in the Magna Carta   King john hoorible histories  Horrible Histories New Song - Epic Magna Carta Rap Battle - CBBC - YouTube   Megna Carta  HH song  Horrible Histories Song NEW! - Magna Carta 800 Years Song - CBBC - YouTube   king John   HH Chatty death Horrible Histories Stupid Deaths: King John I OF England - YouTube

June 2015 will see the 800th anniversary of Magna Carta, the ‘Great Charter’ which was signed at Runnymede by King John to resolve a political crisis he faced with his barons. Buried within its 69 clauses is one of immeasurable importance. This is the idea that no one should be deprived of their freedom without just cause, and that people are entitled to fair trial by their peers according to the law of the land. At the time Magna Carta did nothing to improve the lot of the vast majority of English people, and all but three of its provisions have been repealed. Yet Magna Carta has come to be seen as the cornerstone of English liberty and an international rallying cry against the arbitrary use of power. But Where does Magna Carta stand today? In a time of secret courts in Britain and the Guantanamo gulag, the threat to rights from terror laws and state surveillance of our online activities, do we need to reaffirm its basic principles? Should we take things even further, as Tim Berners-Lee has suggested... See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

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The prospects for Virginia seemed bleak in 1618. The death rate was high, there were few if any profits or capital resources, and the course of the colony was uncertain. That year the colony acquired a new leader and a new direction.