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After a career in investment management and some time as a credit risk specialist at the US Treasury Department, Jill Eicher has written her first book titled, "Melon vs. Churchill: The Untold Story of Treasury Titans at War." It's all about the collection of war debts from World War I, which was fought between 1914 and 1918. Andrew Mellon, a wealthy industrialist, served as Secretary of the Treasury for Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover. 11 years total. He took on Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill. Jill Eicher tells a story that will be new to most readers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
After a career in investment management and some time as a credit risk specialist at the US Treasury Department, Jill Eicher has written her first book titled, "Melon vs. Churchill: The Untold Story of Treasury Titans at War." It's all about the collection of war debts from World War I, which was fought between 1914 and 1918. Andrew Mellon, a wealthy industrialist, served as Secretary of the Treasury for Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover. 11 years total. He took on Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill. Jill Eicher tells a story that will be new to most readers. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This conversation explores the complex relationship between American Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon and British Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill during the post-World War I era, an underexplored era of Churchill's career that foretold future Anglo-American relations during World War II. The discussion delves into their rivalry over war debt repayments, contrasting their personalities and approaches to diplomacy, and the impact of their interactions on Anglo-American relations. Jill Eicher, the author of 'Mellon VS. Churchill,' shares insights from her research, highlighting the challenges of uncovering this historical narrative and the lasting legacy of their dispute. Links Mellon vs Churchill (Bookshop.org link) Mellon vs Churchill (Amazon Link) Mellon vs Churchill (Blackwell's Link) Andrew Mellon (Wikipedia) No More Champagne (Amazon Link) Dinner with Churchill (Amazon Link) Dinner with Churchill (Bookshop.org link) Takeaways The rivalry between Mellon and Churchill shaped post-war economic policy. Mellon's approach was rooted in financial pragmatism, while Churchill was more idealistic. The capacity to pay principle was a key point of contention. Their meetings often failed to bridge their differences. Public opinion in both countries was influenced by press coverage of their rivalry. The 1929 stock market crash had significant repercussions for their relationship. Churchill's North American tour changed his perspective on the U.S. The unresolved debts from World War I remain a historical footnote. Lessons from their rivalry are relevant for today's financial leaders. The personal backgrounds of Mellon and Churchill influenced their diplomatic strategies. Sounds Bites "I did not find Churchill. Rather, I think he found me." (00:01:22) "Mellon and Churchill were both moving on to the world stage virtually at the same time… This made them rival debt collectors." (00:04:19-00:05:58) "Both Mellon and Churchill aspired to greatness. They were patriotic. They both had exceptional work ethics… However, they were oil and water in how they approached being statesmen." (00:08:07-00:08:29) "Churchill thrived in the public eye and he could change hearts and minds in a speech or on paper." (00:08:56) "Churchill was a sympathetic creditor too, but he was an indignant debtor when it came to repaying the United States. He fervently believed that all the war debts should be canceled." (00:10:24) "Even though they were in close proximity to each other, formally introduced, the day was about that special Anglo-American friendship… It just didn't extend to Mellon and Churchill that day." (00:12:31) "As Baldwin famously summed up British policy, he said, 'We will pay you if we must, but you will be CADs if you ask us to.'" (00:15:58) "In studying his speeches and published work during this period, I was absolutely ensorcelled by his gift with words." (00:17:41) "It is somewhat like the difference between math and poetry." (00:19:15) [On their different approaches to debt] "It raised that question of what do nations owe one another in terms of trust and honor?" (00:22:30) "World War I had cost Britain its financial supremacy and forced it to cede to the United States the role of banker to the world. That cost was seared into Churchill's heart." (00:28:52) "The story of Mellon versus Churchill is a subtle cautionary tale… Beware of enshrined assumptions." (00:31:58) Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Anglo-American Relations 02:33 The Rivalry of Mellon and Churchill 05:40 Historical Context of the 1920s 08:30 Differences in Diplomacy 11:00 The Capacity to Pay Principle 13:52 Significant Meetings and Their Impact 16:28 The Role of Stanley Baldwin 19:28 Surprises in Research 22:23 Public Opinion and Press Coverage 25:07 The Impact of the 1929 Stock Market Crash 27:55 Legacy of the Dispute 30:46 Lessons for Today's Leaders Video Version
He was the strangest titan America ever produced: a whisper-quiet banker who turned systematic thinking into a superpower, building an industrial empire while barely raising his voice above a murmur. Andrew Mellon's story isn't just about money—it's about how patience, observation, and positioning can create more wealth than charisma ever could. But when the Great Depression hit, the very qualities that made him rich made him the perfect villain for a nation demanding change. Whether you're building a business, investing in the future, or seeking insights on strategic decision-making, Mellon's story reveals the power of patience, positioning, and playing the long game. (2:25) Prologue: The Quiet Titan (4:20) Part 1 - The Judge's Son (6:36) Benjamin Franklin's Blueprint (8:53) The Pittsburgh Promise (10:45) Andrew's Early Years (13:11) Part 2 - Building the System (14:23) The Banking Foundation (17:09) Panic Creates Opportunity (20:09) Andy at the Wheel (22:05) Opportunity in Aluminum (24:10) The Mellon System (27:12) Connections Create Power (29:02) Reinvesting Success (30:51) Staying in the Shadows (33:28) Part 3 - The Private Kingdom (34:52) A Broken Heart (36:56) Science Meets Industry (39:35) Preparations for War (41:39) The Silent Empire Strikes (44:04) Part 4 - Washington's Banker (45:58) The Banker Takes Command (47:49) The Banker's Paradox (50:27) The Silent Man Learns to Speak (52:03) Part 5 - The Fall (53:56) 1928 (55:25) Black Thursday (57:23) When Strength Becomes Weakness (59:58) Roosevelt's Vendetta (1:02:48) The Silent Man Shouted Down (1:05:01) The Final Battle: Mellon's Tax Trial (1:09:04) The End of an Era (1:10:14) Epilogue - The Final Gift (1:11:44) Thinking Long Term This podcast is for information purposes only and draws primarily from two foundational books: David Cannadine's 'Mellon: An American Life', the first comprehensive published biography of Andrew W. Mellon, which masterfully chronicles his journey from shy Pittsburgh boy to industrial titan, Treasury Secretary, and philanthropist. The second source, 'Thomas Mellon and His Times', written by Andrew's father Thomas Mellon himself provides invaluable firsthand insights into the immigrant experience and the formation of the Mellon family's business philosophy in America. If this story captured your interest, we highly recommend both works – Cannadine's for its thorough examination of Andrew's profound impact on American business, politics, and philanthropy, and Thomas Mellon's autobiography for its intimate portrait of the family's rise from immigrant farmers to financial powerhouses in both nineteenth- and twentieth-century Pittsburgh. Upgrade — If you want to hear my thoughts and reflections at the end of the episode, join our membership: fs.blog/membership and get your own private feed. Newsletter - The Brain Food newsletter delivers actionable insights and thoughtful ideas every Sunday. It takes 5 minutes to read, and it's completely free. Learn more and sign up at fs.blog/newsletter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
In this episode of ITR Live, host Chris Hagenow and regular guest John Hendrickson welcome Amity Shlaes, a distinguished historian and leading expert on economic history. The conversation delves into the enduring significance of Presidents Calvin Coolidge and Warren Harding, exploring their relevance in today's political and economic landscape. Shlaes highlights the fiscal conservatism that defined their administrations, emphasizing the importance of limited government, balanced budgets, and economic growth. The discussion underscores how their leadership, particularly through the 1920 Republican platform, navigated the country out of debt and uncertainty following World War I. A key figure in this historical narrative is Andrew Mellon, Treasury Secretary under Harding and Coolidge. Shlaes explains Mellon's innovative tax policies, which demonstrated how lowering tax rates could stimulate economic activity, ultimately increasing government revenue—a principle echoed in modern conservative fiscal policy. Mellon's technical expertise in managing the national debt and his clear communication with the public earned him the trust necessary to implement bold financial reforms. The episode also addresses the challenges of promoting fiscal responsibility in modern politics. Hagenow and Shlaes discuss how the federal government's current debt crisis parallels the 1920s, underscoring the need for trust in leadership. Coolidge's honesty and transparency, as well as his ability to clearly articulate the benefits of fiscal restraint, are presented as a model for today's leaders. At the state level, the conversation celebrates Iowa's fiscal discipline under Governor Kim Reynolds, showcasing how states can lead by example in responsible governance. Shlaes notes that states, unlike the federal government, must balance their budgets, and their competitive nature can drive innovation and fiscal responsibility. The discussion also contrasts conservative and progressive economic philosophies, particularly around the legacy of the New Deal. Shlaes critiques the New Deal's long-term impact, arguing that its policies did not achieve the recovery often attributed to them. Instead, she emphasizes the importance of evidence-based policymaking and the role of states in fostering economic growth. Listeners are encouraged to explore the work of the Calvin Coolidge Presidential Foundation, which aims to educate future generations on the value of fiscal conservatism. The foundation's scholarship program provides a full ride to any college and introduces students to Coolidge's principles, emphasizing that Americans have a deep-seated capacity for responsibility and good governance. This episode offers a thought-provoking exploration of how lessons from the past can guide modern policy, highlighting the relevance of historical fiscal strategies in addressing contemporary economic challenges.
✈ A quick note: I will be traveling through the middle of the month and will be posting a bit less than usual and perhaps a bit shorter than usual.These days, it seems that critics of capitalism are more prevalent and more vocal than ever. But Ruchir Sharma, author of What Went Wrong with Capitalism, argues that the free market never let us down; our government did. Today on Faster, Please! — The Podcast, Sharma and I discuss the American addiction to “pain management” — unnecessary economic intervention aimed at dulling the effects of the natural ups and downs of a free market, and how it crippled American capitalism.Sharma is chairman of Rockefeller International and the founder and chief investment officer of Breakout Capital. He previously served as head of emerging markets and chief global strategist at Morgan Stanley.In This Episode* Disillusionment (1:20)* Economic booms (6:12)* Pain management (8:49)* Populist policy (14:38)* Catalyzing change (17:32)Below is a lightly edited transcript of our conversationDisillusionment (1:20)Pethokoukis: In the book, you write with some concern about the declining faith in capitalism, really among all Americans, especially Democrats and the young. It may be worrisome, but is it really surprising, given we had a financial crisis . . . hard to believe it was, what, 14 years ago? 15? Well, I guess 16, 2008 . . . Financial crisis, slow recovery. So, for a lot of people, there's a pretty good chunk of their lives where the economy didn't seem to be really zipping along very quickly and making a big change in their lives, so if people are skeptical of capitalism, can you really blame them?Sharma: Well, as I argue in the book, Jim, that the current system we have in place is very far from capitalism. It's a very distorted form of capitalism that we have in place, and the surprise, I think, has to be the fact that, at the headline level, the numbers from the American economy look pretty good, which are the fact that the economy is growing at above two percent, the stock market is booming, America is seen as the center of all the tech innovation, AI, and, compared to its major rivals such as Europe, America seems to be in a much better place. And I think that a lot of people in the Biden administration try to put that out, which is that, “What's the problem, given how well the American economy is doing?”And I think that the polling data is obviously very different. It shows a persistent and consistent decline in faith in the American economy, that the voters and people have, and, as you pointed out at the outset, that a lot of young people, in fact, say that now they prefer socialism to capitalism. So I guess that's the surprise, which is the fact that, at the headline level, the numbers look fine, and especially when you compare it to other countries, and yet, if you look beneath the hood, both the numbers, in terms of polling numbers and then a deeper look at capitalism, which is what I've done in the book, reveal that something is wrong with the system. The general feeling that the average American has, that the system is almost rigged against them, and rigged in favor of Big Business.Clearly one reason people are sort of unhappy is because we had a big surge of inflation, and, even though the rate of inflation has come down, prices are still a lot higher than they remember. But that seems to me to be a temporary aberration. As every day, and month, and year goes by, we'll be a little further from this inflation surge. And then you mentioned all those positive things: in every sort of emerging technology, America seems to be the leader. Is there really a deep problem that will be more or less solved on its own the further we get away from the pandemic and that pandemic-era economy?Well, anything can happen, but I wouldn't bet on that because, as you said, that the decline in the faith in America's brand of capitalism and the number of people who feel that the country's moving in the wrong direction, all that data predates the pandemic. So it's not as if there was a surge in inflation and that suddenly changed people's thinking about the economy and they're feeling much worse off because their real wages got wiped out by inflation. This happened even before that. Through the last 10 or 20 years, you've seen a consistent decline in American faith in the economy, in American faith in government. So this is not just about the near-term inflation data, or even in terms of what's happened in the post-pandemic world, and to bet, therefore, that, with the passage of time, as the pandemic sort of becomes more and more of a distant memory that this is going to change. I think the problems are much deeper, and it shows up in the fact that, as I argue in the book, that economic and social mobility in America today is close to record lows. Only 35 percent of Americans feel today that they're going to be better off than their parents, and when the American Dream was really flowering, that number used to be 70 to 80 percent of people felt that they'd be better off than their parents. So there's a whole host of data to show here that the problem and the disaffection with the economic system is much deeper than just the pandemic-driven surge in inflation.Economic booms (6:12)Is there anything about this economy that four or five years of above-average economic growth won't solve? I sort of recall that in the early '90s, you could have made a very similar case that we had a nasty recession in the early '90s. Some people have forgotten about it, but it was a bad recession. And then we had the Gulf War, and there were a lot of newspaper articles saying that the era of fast growth was over, America just couldn't grow fast anymore, and just as people were convinced that the good days were over, the economy took over, internet boom, tech boom, and we had very rapid growth—and, interestingly, it was also a period of high inequality, but people didn't seem to care so much because the economy was cooking and real wages were rising. So is there anything wrong that a little bit of faster growth couldn't solve?In terms of the fact that I remember living through that era, and I think that if you compare the polling data, it shows the fact that the problems are much deeper now, and the disaffection is much deeper than what was there, in terms of the fact that what solved it back then — even back then, the basic faith in American capitalism was never lost. I think that what's happened now is a feeling that we don't have an equality of opportunity anymore, and that inequality levels now have risen much further than back then. So I think that it's always possible for some hopeful turn to take place, but I'd say that the problems this time are much deeper, and that's what I try and say: Why has this happened? The book is a deep investigation of why has this happened systematically over time. We've gotten to a point now where, across the Western world, leaders are universally, almost, unpopular, and they are also struggling to get reelected. This is happening in Europe, and I argue in the book that capitalism is in worse shape in Europe: much more statist, much more bureaucratic, much more intrusive, and Europe's an even greater regulatory hegemon than America is. So something which is going on across Western societies for this disaffection and feeling that the American government is more pro-business than it is pro-competition, which should be the essence of capitalism.Pain management (8:49)But where do you think it all went wrong?That's the crux of the argument. As the tagline of the book goes, that capitalism did not fail, it was ruined. What ruined it? As I show, that it is the suite of government habits, that how the government's role in American society has come to resemble that of pain management, which is the fact that every time there is the slightest hint of pain, we administer opiates. That's one of the reasons we have the opiate crisis, where people are just hooked to opiates, because at the slightest pain, you give them opiate to relieve the pain without quite solving the underlying cause of the problem. I think, in a similar way, what's happened with American capitalism is the fact that the government has been trying to socialize risk and take risk out of the system to try and mitigate pain, and in doing so, it's got the economy hooked to constant stimulus, constant government intervention, which is leading to a lot of perverse consequences.What are those purpose consequences? One of them, as I've argued in the book, is that productivity has declined. Now remember, capitalism is supposed to generate lots of competition, lead to more creative destruction, lead to an increase in productivity, and productivity is the key to economic growth. But in the last 30 to 40 years, we have seen a big decline in productivity growth across the western world, including in the United States.On the other hand, we have seen a lot of deadwood being kept alive due to all these interventions. The culture of bailouts, the culture of regulation, has kept a lot of deadwood alive in the system, which is not only dampening productivity growth, but it's preventing the entry of new businesses and new firms to come. As a result, the pace of startups in this country today has gone down significantly. It's picked up a bit after the pandemic, but for the last 30 to 40 years, the rate of new startups in this country has declined.So I think that the systematic increase in the government's involvement in the economy has led to these perverse consequences, and those changes are quite recent. The American government was never this involved at a very basic level. The share of government spending in the economy was just three percent a hundred years ago. It has gone up over time, now we're closing in on 40 percent, the government spending, the share of the economy.But it's not just that. The culture of bailouts: America never believed that it should be bailing out private sector enterprises. And yet, from the 1980s onwards, it's been an increased culture of bailouts. Before that, America did not do bailouts of private-sector companies, but once the precedent was set with the large financial sector bailout of 1984 of Continental Illinois, you've seen one bailout after another, and get bigger and bigger with each crisis.And then, of course, you have the entire role that the Fed has played the, US Central Bank, in the way it has tried to micromanage the cycle and always try to act with policies where, on the upside, it's fine if markets rise, but on the downside, it's there to protect and socialize risk, which, once again, has undermined productivity and kept a lot of deadwood and possibly zombie companies alive.So it's this suite of government habits that I think has corroded capitalism and brought us to this position today where capitalism is so distorted.Famously, during the financial crisis, President Bush said, in his own colloquial way, “This sucker is going down.” Would you just have “let this sucker go down” rather than bail out banks back in 2008?Each bailout seems justifiable because, at that point in time, you're in the midst of a crisis, and there's always this fear that if you don't bail out, we will end up being like the liquidationists of the 1929s and lead to a Great Depression. And I think that“Liquidate farmers! Liquidate labor!” Andrew Mellon.Totally correct. But I think that the impulse now is the opposite, which is, “liquefy, liquefy, liquefy.” So even in 2008, if you needed to intervene to prevent a financial crisis, they can argue that was justifiable. But after that, look at what happened: the Fed continued to do quantitative easing, to lift asset prices, thinking that high asset prices will be good for economic growth, whereas it only increased inequality because the owners of asset prices tend to be the rich, and put many aspirants of the property market, or buyers of the property market, it put those things out of reach.And then also the fact that you had, in terms of the last year, when you had the Silicon Valley Bank problems, you intervened again to try and prevent it. And again, the fear is raised that if you don't intervene, you'll have the Great Depression. So I think we need to find a balance here, which is that you've gone from “liquidate, liquidate, liquidate” to now “liquefy, liquefy, liquefy.” And I think that we need to get back to some balance and, yeah, there is a role for government, like in a terrible crisis, but you can't have a government always be there to intervene at this slightest hint of trouble. That is what causes problems.Populist policy (14:38)If we indeed live in a populist political age, I would assume that I would see more intervention, and more bailouts, and more pain-prevention, because that's what populism is. Populism is saying that you've been taken advantage of by the elites, it's not your fault, and if it's not your fault, you shouldn't feel any pain, therefore we will intervene to help you. Government will help you. So wouldn't you expect in the near future just to have more of this kind of thing: more pain-management public policy?I think that you're right that this trend can continue, because the default path of politicians is to keep doing what they've been doing unless there's a crisis which forces them to reverse course and forces, I'd say, American society then to wake up and say, “This is not working.” But to say that this is a populist thing, I'm not sure, because this is the strategy which has been pursued for the last few years, if not decades, which is what I've argued in the book. So if you're going to keep pursuing the same strategy, then you should not expect different outcomes. If the strategy of so-called populism of more intervention was working, then why should so many people be upset with what's going on?I've been in the last few days talking about this book. I'm surprised at how receptive people have been to the idea that it's not the government's business to be bail out private sector companies. It's not the government's business to be instituting 3,000 new regulations a year. The average number of new regulations that the government would put into a year has gone up dramatically over the last couple of decades. Now, again, it is not the job of the government to be putting in so many regulations because the more regulations you put in, the harder it is for small and midsize businesses to thrive, and it creates a barrier to entry, because the cost of regulation has gone up significantly, it can be borne only by big businesses, the average business finds it more difficult. And also the lobbyists, then, are able to rewrite regulations in their favor, and they're hired typically by the Big Tech firms or the people with all the money.I think a populist agenda would favor deregulation. A populist agenda would say that you can't have the Fed run monetary policy which keeps on inflating asset prices, particularly property prices, and makes it harder and harder for Americans to afford a home. And similarly, a populist agenda should be against bailouts, because bailouts typically help the entrenched powerful companies rather than the average person. And as I said, it's time to try something different also because what's been tried so far is clearly not working in terms of making Americans happy.Catalyzing change (17:32)Let me ask you this, then: What do you see, then, that makes you think we're going to do something differently?I don't see anything as yet in terms of that, just because, as I said, the politicians will keep doing the same thing unless there's a crisis. What forces countries to change course, including the countries which are held by liberals as these great paragons of economic virtue like Sweden or the other Nordic countries?The bond market? Is that the action-forcing entity here? Would it be the bond market?Eventually, yes. I think that that's it, which that only when the markets stop financing these incredible deficits do you begin to see a course-correction. But what my book tries and does here is, as I said, the first step to a cure is to at least diagnose the problem correctly. So far, the diagnosis that the Biden administration offered was, “Oh, the government needs to double down because we have had this era of small government for the last 30 to 40 years. We need to double down on what the government's been doing to correct all these problems.” But the problem is this, that we never had an era of small government! So to say that now we need to reverse that era is just wrong. As I demonstrate in the book, capitalism has been about just expanding the government over the last 30 to 40, at least the capitalism practiced by the Western societies in the last few decades.So I would say that you're right that the bond market, eventually, is obviously the ultimate disciplinarian. It did that to Greece, it did that to Sweden, and other countries before that. But we don't seem to be at that point yet, but we could be, because the next time you have an economic downturn in the US, the budget deficit will widen to nine, 10 percent of GDP. As revenues fall, more and automatic spending kicks in, and, after that's done, the ability for interest rates to come down, which typically do to help a country go through a recession, I think will be quite limited in countries such as the United States, because your government spending would've been so high already by then.If I were to put together a short-but-sweet economic agenda to deal with some of these, I might say, “Boy, you're worried about debt and deficits?” I would say, “What we need is a value-added tax and we need to at least lower the projected pace of spending on social security and Medicare.” So Medicare reform, social security reform, a value-added tax—and if I tried running on that agenda, I think they would run me out of town.Since we don't have politicians generally calling for that, isn't the revealed preference of American voters for more of the same: “Don't tax me, but also don't take away my benefits,” and off we go. If there was this deep swell for any change that you think might be there, based on maybe your conversations with folks, wouldn't it be already reflected by our politicians? But I don't see that.Yeah, you're absolutely correct that politicians don't live in a vacuum, they react to a societal chain. But my point is that no one seems to be doing . . . I just pointed out to you that outside of this so-called “tough medicine,” which you just highlighted, there are other things which can be done in terms of drawing the line on bailouts, drawing the line on instituting new regulations. Even Trump came to par, he spoke about the fact that he's going to withdraw two regulations for every one that he puts into place. In the end, though, he ended up putting out as many regulations per year as the Obama administration had done, so there was no change in that.So I think this tough medicine, which is hard to administer, and societies only bear tough medicine once they see an apparent crisis, not something more insidious, like what I'm describing in the book, maybe yes, but there are things, as I said, whether it's got to do with the conduct of monetary policy, or it's got to do with regulation, or the culture of bailouts, I think these things can change, and the American voter will be much more receptive to it.What's the option? That the politicians keep doing what they're doing today, the person in office will keep being unpopular and keep losing elections. As I pointed out in the book, as well, and in one of my FT [Financial Times] columns, that if you look at it, the number of politicians across the Western world who are getting reelected is declining. Typically, if you were in office, you had the platform, that if you stood for reelection, you'd get reelected. In the last few years, being an incumbent has become a disadvantage rather than an advantage. So clearly the people are unhappy, and if the politicians are going to keep doing the same thing, they should be more prepared to lose elections once in office.Well, I think maybe they should be prepared to lose elections. Maybe they all should pray for an AI-driven productivity boom, that'll cover up a lot of bad policy.Yes, we got that briefly in the late '90s and early 2000s when you had a big tech productivity boom, which took place with the internet, but that has faded over time, and as I argue in the book that you can keep doing all this great technological stuff, but if you're going to undermine the fabric of capitalism, the creative-destructive fabric of capitalism with much more government intervention and more statist policies, then you should be prepared also to see a decline in productivity, and that will offset the gains coming from technology like AI.Faster, Please! is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.Micro Reads▶ Business/ Economics* ChatGPT Maker OpenAI Goes Smaller and Cheaper With New AI Tech - WSJ* The Mysterious Slowdown in US Manufacturing Productivity - SSRN* Can the returns from Big Tech's staggering capex live up to the hype? - FT Opinion* Trapped! China and the ‘middle-income trap' - CEPR* The Economic Populists Have a Point - WSJ Opinion* Pandemic Layoffs and the Role of Stay-At-Home Orders - San Francisco Fed* Is Greece's Six-Day Work Week a Harbinger? - Project Syndicate▶ Policy/Politics* Trump's Tariffs Will Send Prices Up Mount McKinley for Americans - Bberg * California is a battleground for AI bills, as Trump plans to curb regulation - Wapo* Trump Is Wrong About Taiwan's Chip Industry - Bberg Opinion* Why planetary problems need a new approach to politics - Aeon* Political chaos rattles clean energy investors - E&E▶ AI/Digital* Data for A.I. Training Is Disappearing Fast, Study Shows - NYT* Generative AI Can Harm Learning - SSRN* The Push to Develop Generative A.I. Without All the Lawsuits - NYT ▶ Biotech/Health* Retinol's anti-ageing effects may work by changing your skin microbes - NS▶ Clean Energy/Climate* AI Is Already Wreaking Havoc on Global Power Systems - Bberg* Our Understanding Of How To Modulate Climate Change Is Ballooning – Issues & Insights ▶ Space/Transportation* Advanced Propulsion Researchers from GE Aerospace Successfully Test Cutting-Edge Dual-Mode Hypersonic Ramjet - The Debrief▶ Substacks/Newsletters* Bad and good arguments for industrial policy - Noahpinion* Forget Adapting to Climate Change - Breakthrough JournalFaster, Please! is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit fasterplease.substack.com/subscribe
V ameriški prestolnici se je včeraj uradno začelo vrhunsko zasedanje zveze Nato s slovesnostjo v dvorani Andrew Mellon, kjer je pred 75-imi leti 12 ustanovnih članic podpisalo severnoatlantsko pogodbo. Osrednji del vrha bo danes in jutri, ko bodo voditelji razpravljali predvsem o nadaljnji podpori Ukrajini. Na vrhu bodo po napovedih potrdili zavezo, da bodo prihodnje leto Ukrajini namenili za 40 milijard evrov vojaške pomoči. Drugi poudarki: - Slovenski obrambni izdatki se bodo v prihodnjih dveh letih močno povečali. - Med cilji nove strategije upravljanja državnega premoženja najmanj 8-odstotni letni donos na kapital. - Zakon o psihoterapetvski dejavnosti bo po mnenju kritikov otežil dostop do kakovostne obravnave.
Founders ✓ Claim Key Takeaways Check out the episode pageRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgWhat I learned from reading How To Be Rich by J. Paul Getty. ----Build relationships with other founders, investors, and executives at a Founders Event----"Learning from history is a form of leverage." — Charlie Munger. Founders Notes gives you the superpower to learn from history's greatest entrepreneurs on demand. You can search all my notes and highlights from every book I've ever read for the podcast. Get access to Founders Notes here. You can also ask SAGE (the Founders Notes AI assistant) any question and SAGE will read all my notes, highlights, and every transcript from every episode for you. A few questions I've asked SAGE recently: What are the most important leadership lessons from history's greatest entrepreneurs?Can you give me a summary of Warren Buffett's best ideas? (Substitute any founder covered on the podcast and you'll get a comprehensive and easy to read summary of their ideas) How did Edwin Land find new employees to hire? Any unusual sources to find talent?What are some strategies that Cornelius Vanderbilt used against his competitors?Get access to Founders Notes here. ----(2:00) My father was a self-made man who had known extreme poverty in his youth and had a practically limitless capacity for hard work.(6:00) I acted as my own geologist, legal advisor, drilling superintendent, explosives expert, roughneck and roustabout.(8:00) Michael Jordan: The Life by Roland Lazenby. (Founders #212) (12:00) Control as much of your business as possible. You don't want to have to worry about what is going on in the other guy's shop.(20:00) Optimism is a moral duty. Pessimism aborts opportunity.(21:00) I studied the lives of great men and women. And I found that the men and women who got to the top were those who did the jobs they had in hand, with everything they had of energy and enthusiasm and hard work.(22:00) 98 percent of our attention was devoted to the task at hand. We are believers in Carlyle's Prescription, that the job a man is to do is the job at hand and not see what lies dimly in the distance. — Charlie Munger(27:00) Entrepreneurs want to create their own security.(34:00) Example is the best means to instruct or inspire others.(37:00) Long orders, which require much time to prepare, to read and to understand are the enemies of speed. Napoleon could issue orders of few sentences which clearly expressed his intentions and required little time to issue and to understand.(38:00) A Few Lessons for Investors and Managers From Warren Buffett by Warren Buffett and Peter Bevelin. (Founders #202) (41:00) Two principles he repeats:Be where the work is happening.Get rid of bureaucracy.(43:00) Years ago, businessmen automatically kept administrative overhead to an absolute minimum. The present day trend is in exactly the opposite direction. The modern business mania is to build greater and ever greater paper shuffling empires.(44:00) Les Schwab Pride In Performance: Keep It Going!by Les Schwab (Founders #330) (46:00) The primary function of management is to obtain results through people.(50:00) the truly great leader views reverses, calmly and coolly. He is fully aware that they are bound to occur occasionally and he refuses to be unnerved by them.(51:00) There is always something wrong everywhere.(51:00) Don't interrupt the compounding. It's all about the long term. You should keep a fortress of cash, reinvest in your business, and use debt sparingly. Doing so will help you survive to reap the long-term benefits of your business.(54:00) You'll go much farther if you stop trying to look and act and think like everyone else.(55:00) The line that divides majority opinion from mass hysteria is often so fine as to be virtually invisible.----“I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — GarethBe like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast
Founders ✓ Claim Key Takeaways Check out the episode pageRead the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgWhat I learned from reading How To Be Rich by J. Paul Getty. ----Build relationships with other founders, investors, and executives at a Founders Event----"Learning from history is a form of leverage." — Charlie Munger. Founders Notes gives you the superpower to learn from history's greatest entrepreneurs on demand. You can search all my notes and highlights from every book I've ever read for the podcast. Get access to Founders Notes here. You can also ask SAGE (the Founders Notes AI assistant) any question and SAGE will read all my notes, highlights, and every transcript from every episode for you. A few questions I've asked SAGE recently: What are the most important leadership lessons from history's greatest entrepreneurs?Can you give me a summary of Warren Buffett's best ideas? (Substitute any founder covered on the podcast and you'll get a comprehensive and easy to read summary of their ideas) How did Edwin Land find new employees to hire? Any unusual sources to find talent?What are some strategies that Cornelius Vanderbilt used against his competitors?Get access to Founders Notes here. ----(2:00) My father was a self-made man who had known extreme poverty in his youth and had a practically limitless capacity for hard work.(6:00) I acted as my own geologist, legal advisor, drilling superintendent, explosives expert, roughneck and roustabout.(8:00) Michael Jordan: The Life by Roland Lazenby. (Founders #212) (12:00) Control as much of your business as possible. You don't want to have to worry about what is going on in the other guy's shop.(20:00) Optimism is a moral duty. Pessimism aborts opportunity.(21:00) I studied the lives of great men and women. And I found that the men and women who got to the top were those who did the jobs they had in hand, with everything they had of energy and enthusiasm and hard work.(22:00) 98 percent of our attention was devoted to the task at hand. We are believers in Carlyle's Prescription, that the job a man is to do is the job at hand and not see what lies dimly in the distance. — Charlie Munger(27:00) Entrepreneurs want to create their own security.(34:00) Example is the best means to instruct or inspire others.(37:00) Long orders, which require much time to prepare, to read and to understand are the enemies of speed. Napoleon could issue orders of few sentences which clearly expressed his intentions and required little time to issue and to understand.(38:00) A Few Lessons for Investors and Managers From Warren Buffett by Warren Buffett and Peter Bevelin. (Founders #202) (41:00) Two principles he repeats:Be where the work is happening.Get rid of bureaucracy.(43:00) Years ago, businessmen automatically kept administrative overhead to an absolute minimum. The present day trend is in exactly the opposite direction. The modern business mania is to build greater and ever greater paper shuffling empires.(44:00) Les Schwab Pride In Performance: Keep It Going!by Les Schwab (Founders #330) (46:00) The primary function of management is to obtain results through people.(50:00) the truly great leader views reverses, calmly and coolly. He is fully aware that they are bound to occur occasionally and he refuses to be unnerved by them.(51:00) There is always something wrong everywhere.(51:00) Don't interrupt the compounding. It's all about the long term. You should keep a fortress of cash, reinvest in your business, and use debt sparingly. Doing so will help you survive to reap the long-term benefits of your business.(54:00) You'll go much farther if you stop trying to look and act and think like everyone else.(55:00) The line that divides majority opinion from mass hysteria is often so fine as to be virtually invisible.----“I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — GarethBe like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast
What I learned from reading How To Be Rich by J. Paul Getty. ----Build relationships with other founders, investors, and executives at a Founders Event----"Learning from history is a form of leverage." — Charlie Munger. Founders Notes gives you the superpower to learn from history's greatest entrepreneurs on demand. You can search all my notes and highlights from every book I've ever read for the podcast. Get access to Founders Notes here. You can also ask SAGE (the Founders Notes AI assistant) any question and SAGE will read all my notes, highlights, and every transcript from every episode for you. A few questions I've asked SAGE recently: What are the most important leadership lessons from history's greatest entrepreneurs?Can you give me a summary of Warren Buffett's best ideas? (Substitute any founder covered on the podcast and you'll get a comprehensive and easy to read summary of their ideas) How did Edwin Land find new employees to hire? Any unusual sources to find talent?What are some strategies that Cornelius Vanderbilt used against his competitors?Get access to Founders Notes here. ----(2:00) My father was a self-made man who had known extreme poverty in his youth and had a practically limitless capacity for hard work.(6:00) I acted as my own geologist, legal advisor, drilling superintendent, explosives expert, roughneck and roustabout.(8:00) Michael Jordan: The Life by Roland Lazenby. (Founders #212) (12:00) Control as much of your business as possible. You don't want to have to worry about what is going on in the other guy's shop.(20:00) Optimism is a moral duty. Pessimism aborts opportunity.(21:00) I studied the lives of great men and women. And I found that the men and women who got to the top were those who did the jobs they had in hand, with everything they had of energy and enthusiasm and hard work.(22:00) 98 percent of our attention was devoted to the task at hand. We are believers in Carlyle's Prescription, that the job a man is to do is the job at hand and not see what lies dimly in the distance. — Charlie Munger(27:00) Entrepreneurs want to create their own security.(34:00) Example is the best means to instruct or inspire others.(37:00) Long orders, which require much time to prepare, to read and to understand are the enemies of speed. Napoleon could issue orders of few sentences which clearly expressed his intentions and required little time to issue and to understand.(38:00) A Few Lessons for Investors and Managers From Warren Buffett by Warren Buffett and Peter Bevelin. (Founders #202) (41:00) Two principles he repeats:Be where the work is happening.Get rid of bureaucracy.(43:00) Years ago, businessmen automatically kept administrative overhead to an absolute minimum. The present day trend is in exactly the opposite direction. The modern business mania is to build greater and ever greater paper shuffling empires.(44:00) Les Schwab Pride In Performance: Keep It Going!by Les Schwab (Founders #330) (46:00) The primary function of management is to obtain results through people.(50:00) the truly great leader views reverses, calmly and coolly. He is fully aware that they are bound to occur occasionally and he refuses to be unnerved by them.(51:00) There is always something wrong everywhere.(51:00) Don't interrupt the compounding. It's all about the long term. You should keep a fortress of cash, reinvest in your business, and use debt sparingly. Doing so will help you survive to reap the long-term benefits of your business.(54:00) You'll go much farther if you stop trying to look and act and think like everyone else.(55:00) The line that divides majority opinion from mass hysteria is often so fine as to be virtually invisible.----“I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — GarethBe like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast
Friends,In today's klatch, Heather and I begin with the Supreme Court's “decision” — by making no decision on special counsel Jack Smith's request for a ruling on presidential immunity — that Trump won't be held accountable before the 2024 election for engineering an attempted coup on January 6, 2021. We then consider the spike in donations to the Trump campaign immediately following the Manhattan jury's decision to convict him on all criminal counts of election interference — including billionaire Andrew Mellon's $50 million donation. And the brutality inflicted by Big Oil seeking to reverse Biden's climate change initiatives by cozying up to Trump, at a time when the Earth is already warming at an alarming rate and millions of Americans are directly suffering the consequences. We end with yesterday's 60th anniversary of the Mississippi murders of my friend Michael Schwerner, along with James Chaney and Andrew Goodman, and consider its significance today.Please join us, and, if you wish, take our poll:If you're not already a paid subscriber, please consider becoming one. You'll receive the complete package, and you'll help us do even more. Please also consider a paid subscription for someone who could benefit from reading this letter each day. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit robertreich.substack.com/subscribe
Anupam Chander, Scott Ginsburg Professor of Law and Technology at Georgetown, and Visiting Scholar at Harvard's Institute for Rebooting Social Media, discusses the future of humanity during a wave of paid technology innovation. He also shares how AI is impacting digital sovereignty. Key Takeaways: Why Section 230 of the US Communications Decency Act has been so important for people online How US Internet Laws impact its dominance as a world innovation leader Ways that regulators are having to balance new technologies The impact that judges, regulators, and the courts have had on the evolution of new technologies Guest Bio: Anupam Chander is Scott K. Ginsburg Professor of Law and Technology at Georgetown. A Harvard College and Yale Law graduate, he is the author of The Electronic Silk Road, published by Yale University Press. He practiced law in NY and Hong Kong with Cleary, Gottlieb, and has been a visiting law professor at Yale, Chicago, Stanford, Cornell, and Tsinghua. A recipient of Google Research Awards and an Andrew Mellon grant, he has consulted for the World Bank, World Economic Forum, and UNCTAD. A non-resident fellow at Yale's Information Society Project, he is a member of the American Law Institute. In 2023-24, he's a Visiting Scholar at the Institute for Rebooting Social Media at Harvard University, and Cheng Yu Tung Visiting Professor at the University of Hong Kong. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- About this Show: The Brave Technologist is here to shed light on the opportunities and challenges of emerging tech. To make it digestible, less scary, and more approachable for all! Join us as we embark on a mission to demystify artificial intelligence, challenge the status quo, and empower everyday people to embrace the digital revolution. Whether you're a tech enthusiast, a curious mind, or an industry professional, this podcast invites you to join the conversation and explore the future of AI together. The Brave Technologist Podcast is hosted by Luke Mulks, VP Business Operations at Brave Software—makers of the privacy-respecting Brave browser and Search engine, and now powering AI everywhere with the Brave Search API. Music by: Ari Dvorin Produced by: Sam Laliberte
What I learned from reading The Days of Duveen by S.N. Behrman. ----Get access to the World's Most Valuable Notebook for Founders by investing in a subscription to Founders Notes----Founders merch available at the Founders shop----Patrick and I are looking for partners. If you are building B2B products get in touch here. ----(0:01) Duveen noticed that Europe had plenty of art and America had plenty of money, and his entire astonishing career was the product of that simple observation.(2:30) The great American millionaires of the Duveen Era were slow-speaking and slow-thinking, cautious, secretive, and maddeningly deliberate.(3:30) How Larry Gagosian Reshaped The Art World by Patrick Radden Keefe. (Founders #325)(4:30) Invest Like The Best #342 Will England: A Primer on Multi-Strategy Hedge Funds(6:00) There is an old two-part rule that often works wonders in business, science, and elsewhere: 1. Take a simple, basic idea and 2. Take it very seriously. — the NEW Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charlie Munger. (Founders #329)(10:00) The art dealer Joseph Duveen insisted on making the paintings he sold as scarce and rare as possible. To keep their prices elevated and their status high, he bought up whole collections and stored them in his basement. The paintings that he sold became more than just paintings—they were fetish objects, their value increased by their rarity. — The 48 Laws of Power by Robert Greene. (14:00) Duveen had enormous respect for the prices he set on the objects he bought and sold. Often his clients tried, in various ways, to maneuver him into a position where he might relax his high standards, but he nearly always managed to keep them.(16:00) Wildcatters: A Story of Texans, Oil, and Money by Sally Helgesen. (Founders #338)(18:00) You don't need many customers if the few customers you do have are the riches people in the world.(22:00) His enthusiasm was irrepressible.(26:00) Duveen felt that his educational mission was two fold —to teach millionaire American collectors what the great works of art were, and to teach them that they could get those works of art only through him.(27:00) When you pay high for the priceless, you're getting it cheap.(31:00) He was interested in practically nothing except his business.(31:00) Certain men are endowed with the faculty of concentrating on their own affairs to the exclusion of what's going on elsewhere in the cosmos. Duveen was that kind of man.(32:00) Monopoly was his method.(38:00) Duveen would pay the servants of staff that worked in the homes of his clients. This was the result: They developed a feeling that it was only fair to transmit to Duveen any information that might interest him.(41:00) The art dealer Joseph Duveen was once confronted with a terrible problem.The millionaires who had paid so dearly for Duveen's paintings were running out of wall space, and with inheritance taxes getting ever higher, it seemed unlikely that they would keep buying.The solution was the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., which Duveen helped create in 1937 by getting Andrew Mellon to donate his collection to it. The National Gallery was the perfect front for Duveen.In one gesture, his clients avoided taxes, cleared wall space for new purchases, and reduced the number of paintings on the market, maintaining the upward pressure on their prices. All this while the donors created the appearance of being public benefactors.— The 48 Laws of Power by Robert Greene. (48:00) His clients felt better when they paid a lot. It gave them the assurance of acquiring rarity.----Get access to the World's Most Valuable Notebook for Founders by investing in a subscription to Founders Notes----“I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — GarethBe like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast
In this episode, we sit down with Andrew Mellon, to explore the intricate world of insurance. Andrew shares his inspiring journey of starting a career in insurance amidst the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the importance of resilience and adaptability in navigating uncertain times. Throughout the discussion, Andrew provides valuable insights into effective strategies for securing appointments and refining marketing approaches in the competitive landscape of the insurance industry. He emphasizes the significance of prioritizing clients and cultivating strong relationships with referral partners, particularly in the real estate sector.IN TODAY'S EPISODE, WE TALK ABOUT: Insurance with Andrew Mellon, founder of Mellon agency. (0:00)Starting a career in insurance during COVID-19. (1:10)Insurance agency appointments and marketing strategies. (4:19)Prioritizing clients and referral partners in real estate business. (10:03)Homeowners insurance coverage and priorities. (12:58)Flood insurance and its importance in Florida. (18:19)Property damage, roof inspections, and underwriting challenges. (23:53)Roof inspections, sourdough bread, and insurance. (26:10)Sourdough bread-making techniques and tips. (31:46)CONNECT WITH ANDREW: Website: www.goosehead.com/agents/fl/tarpon-springs/the-mellon-agency/LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-mellon-bb3993246/Facebook: facebook.com/andrew.mellon.1048/CONNECT WITH DONNIE: Follow Donnie: @donnie.hathawayFollow Palm Harbor Local: @PalmHarborLocalFor more real estate information - www.thehathaway.groupJOIN THE LOCALS for exclusive discounts and specials from our local business owners and stay up to date on what's happening in Palm Harbor. Together, we keep Palm Harbor local.Stroll through the laid-back streets of the Palm Harbor community with this informative podcast, proudly brought to you by Donnie Hathaway with The Hathaway Group, your trusted guide and local expert in navigating the diverse and ever-changing property landscape of Palm Harbor. Work with me + FREE Resources Would you like help buying a home in Palm Harbor? - Buyer ConsultationWould you like help selling your house in Palm Harbor? - Seller Marketing ConsultationDownload our free buyer's guide today - Buyer's Guide
This week on Below the Radar, we are joined by Travis Holloway: a poet, translator, Assistant Professor of Philosophy at SUNY Farmingdale, and author of the book How to Live at the End of the World: Theory, Art, and Politics for the Anthropocene (Stanford University Press, 2022). Am and Travis discuss noticing patterns in contemporary art making during the climate crisis. Travis also shares about translating the work of philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy, the importance of friendship with all living beings, and the process of publishing a book. Full episode details: https://www.sfu.ca/vancity-office-community-engagement/below-the-radar-podcast/episodes/233-travis-holloway.html Read the transcript: https://www.sfu.ca/vancity-office-community-engagement/below-the-radar-podcast/transcripts/233-travis-holloway.html Donate to Below the Radar: https://www.sfu.ca/vancity-office-community-engagement/below-the-radar-podcast/donate.html Resources: How to Live at the End of the World: Theory, Art, and Politics for the Anthropocene: https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=34552 Read more of Travis's work: https://pratt.academia.edu/TravisHolloway Bio: Travis Holloway grew up queer and working class in a rural factory town affected by free trade and globalization. His most recent book is How to Live at the End of the World: Theory, Art, and Politics for the Anthropocene (Stanford, 2022). Holloway is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at SUNY Farmingdale and a poet and former Goldwater Fellow in Creative Writing at NYU. He has an M.F.A., Ph.D., and is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at SUNY Farmingdale, a translator, and a poet and former Goldwater Fellow in Creative Writing at NYU. His primary interests are in contemporary continental philosophy, aesthetics, social and political philosophy, queer theory, and the environmental humanities. His work on these topics has been published in Italy, Turkey, the UK, Columbia, Canada, the Czech Republic, and the U.S. His most recent publications include "Weather" (The Philosopher, 2022), "Philosophy at the End of the World: For a Counterhistory of Human Beings in the Anthropocene" (The Philosopher, 2020), "A Strategy for a Democratic Future" (Tropos, 2019), “Neoliberalism and the Future of Democracy" (Philosophy Today, 2018), and “How to Perform a Democracy” (Epoché, 2017). He is co-translator of three books and several articles by Jean-Luc Nancy, and co-author of several public-facing articles and the book Occupying Wall Street: The Inside Story of an Action that Changed America (OR Books, 2011). He is currently working on two additional monographs: How to Perform a Democracy; and How to Assemble with All the Living. Holloway has received fellowships from the Fulbright Commission, the DAAD, the Andrew Mellon foundation, and the Max Kade Institute for research and advanced study in Germany, France, and Italy. Cite this episode: Chicago Style Johal, Am. “How to Live at the End of the World — with Travis Holloway.” Below the Radar, SFU's Vancity Office of Community Engagement. Podcast audio, January 30, 2024. https://www.sfu.ca/vancity-office-community-engagement/below-the-radar-podcast/episodes/233-travis-holloway.html.
Bienvenidos a un nuevo directo en Telegram. Hoy vamos a hablarles del flúor, ese elemento químico amarillo que siendo muy corrosivo, tóxico y altamente reactivo, es capaz de combinarse químicamente con casi todo, nos lo metemos en la boca por “nuestro bien». Los textos que utilizaré provienen del libro “Dossier Flúor” del dr Jean-Marc Brunet y de “The fluoride deception” de Christopher Bryson más algunas adaptaciones libres y artículos escritos por mi en el pasado ya que conocía de los peligros del flúor desde hace más de 20 años. Decirles que mi hija que tiene 18 años jamás ha utilizado pasta de dientes con flúor y tiene una excelente salud dental. El flúor constituye el núcleo elemental de algunas de las mayores fortunas que el mundo ha visto jamás, la riqueza casi inimaginable de los Mellons de Pittsburgh y los Du Ponts de Delaware. Y no es de extrañar que la advertencia en el tubo de pasta de dientes sea tan dramática. La misma potente sustancia química que se utiliza para enriquecer uranio para armas nucleares, para preparar el gas nervioso Sarín y para arrancar acero y aluminio fundidos del mineral de la tierra es la que damos a nuestros hijos a primera hora de la mañana y a última de la noche, con sabor a menta, fresa o chicle. El flúor es una sustancia química tan poderosa que se ha convertido en la savia de la industria moderna, bombeada a toda máquina cada día a través de innumerables fábricas, refinerías y molinos. El fluoruro se utiliza para producir gasolina de alto octanaje; para fundir metales clave como el aluminio, el acero y el berilio; para enriquecer uranio; para fabricar placas de circuitos informáticos, pesticidas, cera para esquís, gases refrigerantes, plástico de teflón, sartenes, alfombras, ropa impermeable, vidrio grabado, ladrillos y cerámica, y numerosos medicamentos, como Prozac y Cipro. “Crea el problema y luego vendeles la solución» frase que bien podría haber dicho Bernays, el mas famoso creador de opinión del siglo XX que también contribuyo a promocionar el flúor. En el libro de Chrystopher Bryson “El engaño del Flúor” nos muestra correspondencia entre el publicitario y el NIDR (Instituto nacional de investigación dental) para que este hiciera campaña a favor de la fluoración. ¿Conocen ese lema que dice “los expertos recomiendan”? Pues es de Bernays. Pero eso ya fue en los 60 y todo esto empezó tras la gran depresión del 1929, cuando las grandes multinacionales no sabían que hacer con sus productos por la gran caída de la demanda. Entre ellos el azúcar. Gerald Judy Cox, químico que participó en la causa de la caries y su “solución». El sr Cox, desarrollo las patentes para transformar la caña de azúcar y el azúcar común sin refinar (que terminaba pudriéndose) en algunos de los productos azucarados que conocemos hoy día. Por si no lo sabían son los ácidos que quedan encima de los dientes tras la transformación del azúcar por las bacterias lo que provoca la caries. Pues este señor que ayudó a que el azúcar terminase empleándose de forma masiva en todo tipo de productos, chicles incluidos, terminó siendo uno de los mayores defensores del uso del flúor para evitar dicha caries, ¿curioso no? Pero veamos dónde empezó todo. Durante la gran depresión, algunas empresas, sobre todo la Aluminum Company of America ALCOA, se enfrentaban a un espinoso problema. Uno de los compuestos naturales del aluminio es la criolita. La criolita es una roca que contiene aluminio, flúor y sodio. Su fórmula química es: Na3AlF6 Por tanto, la criolita contiene tres átomos de sodio, uno de aluminio y seis de flúor en su molécula. Cuando queremos aislar el aluminio, obtenemos como residuo una sal, el fluoruro de sodio. Se trata de una sustancia altamente tóxica que no se encuentra en la naturaleza en su estado puro sino en combinaciones menos peligrosas. El fluoruro de sodio es, por tanto, una sustancia química artificial. Al ser tan tóxico, su comercio esta limitado. Se utiliza en la fabricación de veneno para ratas, como agente blanqueador, como coagulante del caucho, como fijador de tintes, etc. Estos usos del fluoruro de sodio eran ampliamente insuficientes. Se acumulaban enormes reservas de este veneno, sobre todo porque las autoridades gubernamentales impedían a las empresas verterlo en los ríos porque los peces tienen la mala costumbre de morirse después. Como no vendían suficiente y no podían deshacerse de él fácilmente, tuvieron que buscar otra salida para el fluoruro de sodio. Como es habitual en la industria, el problema se remitió a una organización especializada en encontrar soluciones. El Instituto Mellon de Pittsburgh recibió el encargo de encontrar una solución al problema del fluoruro de sodio. El Instituto Mellon, fundado en 1911 por Andrew y Richard Mellon, es un laboratorio de ciencia aplicada abierto a todos los empresarios estadounidenses. Cuando un industrial o fabricante tiene un problema, acude al Instituto y contrata a un científico durante un año. El trabajo del científico consistía en mejorar el producto o encontrarle un nuevo mercado. El Instituto Mellon está actualmente siendo demandado por su defensa acérrima del amianto. El bioquímico Gerald J. Cox del que hablamos antes recibió el encargo de estudiar la delicada cuestión del fluoruro de sodio. Los peligros de esta sustancia química se conocían desde hacía tiempo. Ya en 1920, dos organismos gubernamentales, la Oficina de Minas y el Departamento de Agricultura, expresaban su preocupación por la contaminación por fluoruro. Mientras tanto, sin embargo, el Servicio de Salud Pública de EE.UU. permanecía en silencio. Hacia la década de 1930, el Servicio de Salud Pública pasó a depender del Departamento del Tesoro. De 1921 a 1933, el Secretario de este Departamento no fue otro que el Sr. Andrew W. Mellon, cofundador del Instituto Mellon, acaudalado financiero de Pittsburgh y miembro de una de las familias más ricas y poderosas de Estados Unidos. La familia Mellon posee y controla, entre otros, el Mellon National Bank, Gulf Oil, Koppers Corp. y la Aluminum Company of America. Antes de ocupar el cargo de Secretario del Tesoro, Andrew Mellon fue Presidente de la Aluminum Company. Fue uno de los más feroces opositores a la campaña contra la contaminación por flúor, ya que la Aluminum Co. era la principal contaminadora en este ámbito. En 1931, dos químicos de la Aluminum Co. descubrieron la causa de las horribles manchas marrones que casi todos los habitantes de Bauxite, Arkansas, tenían en los dientes. El agente responsable era el flúor, presente de forma natural en el agua de la ciudad dada la presencia de una industria minera del mineral del aluminio, la bauxita, que termino dando el nombre al pueblo. El Servicio de Salud Pública también se interesó por la fluorosis dental. En 1933, un miembro del personal, el dentista H. Trendley Dean, fue enviado a estudiar los distintos lugares del país donde la población presentaba este tipo de manchas en los dientes. El objetivo era averiguar qué proporción de flúor era necesaria para provocar tales trastornos. El Sr. Dean descubrió que incluso concentraciones mínimas provocaban las manchas en determinados individuos. Llegó a la conclusión de que con una concentración de una parte por millón, ya el 10-20% de la población presentaba esas manchas. Mientras tanto, el bioquímico Gerald J. Cox, que refinó el azúcar para luego curar las caries que esta provocaba, seguía trabajando para encontrar una solución al problema del flúor. En 1939, publicó su informe de investigación: "...Hay que replantearse la opinión predominante", escribió, "de que el agua debe estar completamente libre de fluoruros...". Sugirió añadir fluoruro sódico al agua potable para prevenir la caries dental. La sugerencia de Cox fue recibida con gran cautela por los funcionarios de salud pública. Incluso el dentista Dean del Servicio de Salud Pública, que dijo haber notado una reducción de la caries dental en lugares donde había mucha fluorosis, expresó sus reservas sobre la teoría de Cox. Todo el mundo era consciente de la falta de pruebas sobre los beneficios de los fluoruros en la dentición humana. Por otro lado, estaba claro que los fluoruros eran venenos extremadamente peligrosos como demostró el médico y científico danés Kaj Roholm en 1937. Y aqui entra el primer presidente de la Sociedad de Toxicología, el Dr Harold Hodge, elegido para encabezar la División de Farmacología y Toxicología de la Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos (AEC) y firme defensor de la fluoración del agua. Pocos saben que el Dr. Hodge, el principal investigador de flúor del país que formó a una generación de decanos de facultades de odontología en los años cincuenta y sesenta, fue el toxicólogo jefe en tiempos de guerra del Proyecto Manhattan. Allí ayudó a coreografiar los tristemente célebres experimentos de radiación en humanos, en los que se inyectaba plutonio y uranio a pacientes hospitalizados -sin su conocimiento o consentimiento- para estudiar la toxicidad de esas sustancias químicas en humanos. Hodge también se encargó de estudiar la toxicidad del flúor. La construcción de la primera bomba atómica del mundo había requerido cantidades ingentes de fluoruro. Así que, por ejemplo, en nombre de los fabricantes de bombas, supervisó de forma encubierta uno de los primeros experimentos de fluoración del agua pública del país. Mientras se decía a los ciudadanos de Newburgh, Nueva York, que el flúor reduciría las caries en sus hijos, en secreto se tomaban muestras de sangre y tejidos de los residentes que eran enviadas a su laboratorio atómico para su estudio. La Universidad de los estudios clasificados de fluoruro de Rochester – cuyo nombre en código es Programa F – se llevaron a cabo en el Proyecto de Energía Atómica (AEP), una instalación de alto secreto financiado por la AEC (La Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos) y alojados en el Strong Memorial Hospital. Se produjo allí uno de los experimentos de radiación más notorios en humanos durante la Guerra Fría, en el que los pacientes hospitalarios confiados fueron inyectados con dosis tóxicas de plutonio radiactivo. La revelación de este experimento por cuenta de la periodista Welsome Eileenen la convirtió en ganadora del premio Pulitzer tras escribir “Los archivos del plutonio: Los experimentos médicos secretos de Estados Unidos en la Guerra Fría”. Llevó a una investigación presidencial de los EE.UU en 1995, y un pago en efectivo de varios millones de dólares para las víctimas. El Programa F no trataba de mejorar la salud de los dientes de los niños. Surgió directamente de litigios contra el programa de la bomba y su principal objetivo era proporcionar munición científica que el gobierno y sus contratistas nucleares podrían utilizar para derrotar a las demandas por lesiones personales. El protocolo para las inyecciones de plutonio, que fue escrito por Wright Langham y no se hizo público hasta 1995, reveló que el experimento fue el resultado de la reunión de Rochester, así como de "numerosas conversaciones con el Coronel Warren, el Coronel Friedell y el Dr. LH". Hempelmann. Curiosamente el dr Hempelmann se casó con Elinor Pulitzer la nieta del editor de periódicos Joseph Pulitzer cuyo nombre llevan los “prestigiosos” entre comillas premios periodísticos. A cada paciente se le asignaron las iniciales "HP" seguidas de un número. Según un documento, "HP" significaba Human product "producto humano". Los médicos buscaban pacientes que tuvieran un metabolismo relativamente normal. Según el plan provisional, el grupo decidió que a cada paciente se le inyectaría un promedio de cinco microgramos, o cinco millonésimas de gramo de plutonio. Aunque la dosis prevista era cinco microgramos, la cantidad real de plutonio inyectada a los pacientes varió de 4,6 a 6,5 microgramos. La dosis de radiación acumulada recibida por cada paciente dependía de dos factores: la cantidad de material radiactivo inyectado en el cuerpo y cuánto tiempo vivían los sujetos. Cuanto más vivían los pacientes, mayor era su dosis acumulada. Antes de que comenzaran las inyecciones en humanos, a tres ratas se les inyectó en las venas de la cola la misma solución de plutonio que Langham y Bassett planeaban administrar a los pacientes. Sólo un pequeño porcentaje del plutonio fue a parar a los hígados de los roedores, lo que hizo que los dos científicos tuvieran más confianza en que el plutonio inyectado en los seres humanos "no sería absorbido en alta concentración por un solo órgano como el hígado", escribió Bassett. Wright Langham y Samuel Bassett se guardaron sus temores sobre posibles daños hepáticos y otras consecuencias para la salud a largo plazo y, finalmente, los pacientes fueron dados de alta del hospital sin que nunca les hubieran dicho lo que les habían hecho. Durante el resto de sus vidas, los inyectados llevaban dentro de sus cuerpos el plutonio que habían recibido en la sala metabólica de Samuel Bassett. Algunas veces se ‘inventaban’ operaciones para biopsiar órganos internos de pacientes ‘supuestamente’ enfermos y controlar su depósito en los tejidos. La energia nuclear estuvo bien vista en aquel tiempo y por desgracia ahora tenemos otro renacimiento de su popularidad. En esa época se realizaban radiografías con fluoroscopios en las zapaterías especializadas en bebés y niños con desastrosos resultados a largo plazo. Era normal retirar la estática de los discos de vinilo con un cepillo que contenía polonio 210 o llevar un reloj de muñeca con pintura de radio. Todo el mundo apoyaba la radiación y sus oscuros secretos siguen hoy dia a buen recaudo, pero prosigamos. Algunas de las empresas mas importantes USA se involucraron en la carrera para producir la bomba atómica…Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, Du Pont, Clinton Engineering Works, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, National Carbon Company, Speer Carbon Company, Chrysler, Eastman Kodak, Allis-Chalmers, General Electric, General Motors, Kellogg…lo que se conoció como Proyecto Manhattan. Curiosamente si buscan Proyecto Manhattan en la wikipedia observarán que ni uno solo de los nombres de empresas que citan autores como Manuel Sánchez Ron aparecen allí, ¿raro, verdad? Entre ellas estaba una fábrica química de la compañía Du Pont, la Nemours Company en Deepwater, Nueva Jersey…se dedicó a producir millones de libras de fluoruro para el proyecto Manhattan. La conexión entre la fluoración del agua que defendía el Dr. Hodge y la industria nuclear es clara. A la industria nuclear, al igual que a la del aluminio y a la de los fertilizantes le sobraban cientos de miles de toneladas de flúor y meterlo en la boca de los contribuyentes era una buena forma de deshacerse de dicho residuo. Dejaremos en la descripción del podcast un documental muy aclarador titulado “El Engaño Del Flúor”. En el Estado de Wisconsin, dos dentistas, Frank Bull y John Frisch, se organizaron para poner en marcha el siniestro movimiento de la fluoración. En aquel momento, el trust del aluminio pertenecía en secreto a la Casa Rockefeller; 25 años antes había pertenecido a Andrew Mellon de Pittsburgh; a su muerte, la Casa Rockefeller se apoderó discretamente de él, negando oficialmente cualquier relación con Alcoa a través de su agente de prensa; Sin embargo, el Manual de Industriales y el informe anual del Consejo de Relaciones Exteriores de Rockefeller informaban de que el yerno de Andrew Mellon, miembro de la Casa Rockefeller, era el propietario, junto con su esposa, de la empresa Alcoa. La Casa Rockefeller, posee con su esposa la mayor parte de los fondos de la Compañía de Aluminio. Para aumentar el control de Rockefeller en las reuniones del consejo de Alcoa, Donald K. David, testaferro del Instituto Rockefeller, fue nombrado uno de los directores. Los ingenieros de ventas de Rockefeller pronto descubrieron que si el fluoruro de sodio se podía vender por sólo 1,5 centavos de dólar la libra, se obtendrían unos beneficios de 15 millones de dólares al año. El anuncio de Cox fue acogido con entusiasmo. Los peces gordos del Rockefeller Center se pusieron inmediatamente manos a la obra para preparar una gran campaña de fluoración del agua potable de 16.750 municipios estadounidenses. La operación se puso en marcha hacia 1945. Justamente los técnicos de Alcoa trabajaron mano a mano con químicos del Instituto Mellon y otras multinacionales (Dow Chemical Company, Colgate, Kellog, DuPont) hasta conseguir lo que hoy día se conoce como “la mafia del flúor” (Stephen 1995). En 1944, Oscar Ewing se convirtió repentinamente en uno de los principales empleados de Alcoa. Unos meses más tarde, el Sr. Ewing fue nombrado administrador de la Agencia Federal de Seguridad, actual Departamento de Salud de los Estados Unidos. Ewing recibió 750.000 dólares por un motivo que nunca se reveló, incluso después de que el congresista Al. Miller, de Nebraska, reuniera los datos sobre la donación y presentará su informe al Congreso. El Servicio de Salud Pública de EE.UU., que había sido puesto bajo la jurisdicción de la Agencia Federal de Seguridad de Ewing por el Congreso, lanzó una campaña de promoción masiva en todo Estados Unidos. Bajo la administración de Ewing, se votaron presupuestos enormes, se dieron millones de dólares a colegas médicos y dentistas y, en 1951, pidió y obtuvo dos millones de dólares para promover la idea de la purificación del agua potable. Una de las primeras medidas adoptadas fue establecer una prueba en dos ciudades piloto, Newburgh y Kingston. El agua de Newburgh estaba fluorada, la de Kingston no. El Cuerpo Comisionado del Servicio de Salud Pública de Estados anunció que en 5 años examinarán los dientes de los escolares de las dos ciudades y que la fluoración habría reducido la caries en un 50%. Dado que se transporta en la sangre, el flúor debe encontrarse en todas las partes del cuerpo. Al igual que los huesos, los dientes contienen derivados del flúor. El esmalte dental está compuesto por un 3% de dentina y un 97% de una combinación salina muy íntima de fosfato cálcico, carbonato y flúor. En total, un hombre de 70 kg. contiene de 95 a 100 g. de fluoruro combinado, suministrado y repuesto por la dieta en una forma salina compleja que, en casos normales, garantiza su fijación y ausencia de efectos nocivos. Parte de la ingesta diaria se fija para construir y renovar los huesos y los dientes; la otra parte circula y se elimina en las heces y la orina. Debo mencionar de pasada que las industrias médica y conservera de alimentos utilizan desde hace tiempo fluoruros alcalinos y alcalinotérreos. Ambas saben perfectamente que son a la vez antisépticos potentes y tóxicos algo parecido a lo que pasa con el Bisfenol A de las botellas. Es increíble como habiendo más de 1300 artículos científicos sobre la alta toxicidad de los fluoruros todavía se permita su comercialización sin apenas controles y que se hable de las ventajas de añadirlo al agua y a todo tipo de cosas. Parece que no hemos aprendido nada de la historia de otras sustancias de las que también nos dijo la ciencia que eran seguras como el plomo en la gasolina, el amianto, el DDT, etc Poderoso caballero es don dinero y en este caso la población en general no ha sido advertida de los peligros del flúor ya que las supuestas ONGs y los grupos ecologistas están patrocinados por los mismos fabricantes de este veneno. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ACCIDENTES Y ENVENENAMIENTOS POR FLUORURO El fluoruro, el ingrediente activo de muchos pesticidas y rodenticidas, es un veneno poderoso, más venenoso que el plomo . Debido a esto, la ingestión excesiva accidental de fluoruro puede causar síntomas tóxicos graves. Cada año hay miles de informes a los centros de control de intoxicaciones en los Estados Unidos relacionados con la ingestión excesiva de pastas dentales, enjuagues bucales y suplementos con flúor. Los accidentes de fluoración del agua , que provocan niveles excesivos de fluoruro en el agua, han sido una de las fuentes de intoxicación aguda por fluoruro . FLUORURO Y FLUOROSIS DENTAL La ingestión excesiva de flúor durante los primeros años de la infancia puede dañar las células formadoras de los dientes, provocando un defecto en el esmalte conocido como fluorosis dental . Los dientes afectados por fluorosis tienen una decoloración visible, que va desde manchas blancas hasta manchas marrones y negras . Según los Centros para el Control de Enfermedades , el 32% de los niños estadounidenses tienen actualmente algún tipo de fluorosis dental, y entre el 2 y el 4% de los niños padecen las etapas de moderada a grave (CDC 2005). Según el Dr. Hardy Limeback , Jefe de Odontología Preventiva de la Universidad de Toronto, "es ilógico suponer que el esmalte dental es el único tejido afectado por la ingestión de bajas dosis diarias de flúor. FLUORURO Y ALERGIA/HIPERSENSIBILIDAD Como lo reconoce Physicians' Desk Reference , algunas personas son alérgicas o hipersensibles al fluoruro. El ensayo clínico más grande, financiado por el gobierno, encontró que el 1% de las personas expuestas a 1 mg/día de fluoruro presentaban reacciones alérgicas/hipersensibles, incluidas reacciones cutáneas, malestar gástrico y dolor de cabeza FLUORURO Y LOS RIÑONES Los riñones desempeñan un papel vital en la prevención de la acumulación excesiva de fluoruro en el cuerpo. Entre las personas sanas, los riñones excretan aproximadamente el 50% de la ingesta diaria de fluoruro. Sin embargo, entre las personas con enfermedad renal, la capacidad de los riñones para excretar se ve notablemente afectada, lo que resulta en una acumulación de fluoruro en el cuerpo . Es bien sabido que las personas con enfermedad renal tienen una mayor susceptibilidad a los efectos tóxicos acumulativos del fluoruro. De particular preocupación es la posibilidad de que el fluoruro, cuando se acumula en el sistema esquelético, cause o exacerbe la osteodistrofia renal , una enfermedad ósea que se encuentra comúnmente entre personas con enfermedad renal avanzada. Además, se ha demostrado definitivamente que el fluoruro envenena la función renal en dosis altas durante exposiciones a corto plazo tanto en animales como en humanos. El impacto de dosis bajas de fluoruro, administradas durante largos períodos de tiempo, no se ha estudiado adecuadamente. Un estudio reciente en animales, realizado por científicos de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE.UU. (Varner 1998), informó que la exposición a sólo 1 ppm de fluoruro causaba daño renal en ratas si bebían agua durante un período prolongado, mientras que un nuevo estudio realizado en China encontró una mayor tasa de enfermedad renal entre los seres humanos que consumían más de 2 ppm (Liu 2005). Por lo tanto, los efectos adversos para la función renal que causa el fluoruro en dosis altas durante períodos cortos de tiempo también pueden replicarse con dosis pequeñas si se consume durante períodos prolongados. FLUORURO Y EL CEREBRO La capacidad del fluoruro para dañar el cerebro representa una de las áreas de investigación más activas sobre la toxicidad del fluoruro en la actualidad. La preocupación por el impacto del fluoruro en el cerebro ha sido alimentada por 18 estudios en humanos (de China, México, India e Irán) que informaron déficits de coeficiente intelectual entre niños expuestos a un exceso de fluoruro, por 4 estudios en humanos que indican que el fluoruro puede entrar y dañar el feto cerebro; y por un número creciente de estudios en animales que encuentran daños al tejido cerebral (a niveles tan bajos como 1 ppm) y deterioro del aprendizaje y la memoria entre los grupos tratados con fluoruro. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE.UU. , "es evidente que los fluoruros tienen la capacidad de interferir con las funciones del cerebro”. Los hallazgos de efectos neurológicos en humanos expuestos al flúor son coherentes con los resultados recientes de más de 40 estudios en animales publicados desde 1992, y se ven reforzados por ellos. Al igual que los estudios en humanos, los estudios en animales han informado de un deterioro en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria entre los grupos tratados con flúor. 6) Los estudios en animales también han documentado pruebas considerables de los efectos tóxicos directos del flúor en el tejido cerebral, incluso a niveles tan bajos como 1 ppm de flúor en el agua (Varner 1998). Estos efectos incluyen: -- reducción de los receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina; -- reducción del contenido lipídico; -- deterioro de los sistemas de defensa antioxidante; -- daños en el hipocampo; -- daños en las células purkinje; -- aumento de la captación de aluminio; -- formación de placas beta-amiloides (la clásica anomalía cerebral de la enfermedad de Alzheimer); -- Exacerbación de las lesiones inducidas por la deficiencia de yodo. -- acumulación de flúor en la glándula pineal. FLUORURO Y LA GLÁNDULA PINEAL En la década de 1990, se descubrió que la glándula pineal es un sitio importante de acumulación de fluoruro dentro del cuerpo , con concentraciones de fluoruro más altas que los dientes o los huesos. Estudios posteriores en animales indican que la acumulación de fluoruro en la glándula pineal puede reducir la síntesis de melatonina en la glándula , una hormona que ayuda a regular el inicio de la pubertad. Se descubrió que los animales tratados con fluoruro tenían niveles reducidos de melatonina circulante y un inicio más temprano de la pubertad que los animales no tratados. El científico que realizó la investigación concluyó: "La seguridad del uso de fluoruros se basa en última instancia en la suposición de que el órgano del esmalte en desarrollo es más sensible a los efectos tóxicos del fluoruro. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los pinealocitos pueden ser tan susceptibles al fluoruro como el órgano del esmalte en desarrollo" ( Lucas 1997). El hecho de que el impacto del fluoruro en la glándula pineal nunca haya sido estudiado, ni siquiera considerado , antes de la década de 1990, pone de relieve una importante laguna en el conocimiento que sustenta las políticas actuales sobre el fluoruro y la salud. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU ., "cualquier agente que afecte la función pineal podría afectar la salud humana de diversas maneras, incluidos efectos sobre la maduración sexual, el metabolismo del calcio, la función paratiroidea, la osteoporosis posmenopáusica, el cáncer y las enfermedades psiquiátricas”. FLUORURO Y LA GLÁNDULA TIROIDES Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU ., "varias líneas de información indican un efecto de la exposición al fluoruro sobre la función tiroidea", particularmente entre personas con deficiencia de yodo. El potencial del fluoruro para alterar la función tiroidea se ilustra más claramente por el hecho de que, hasta la década de 1970, los médicos europeos utilizaban el fluoruro como medicamento supresor de la tiroides en pacientes con hipertiroidismo (tiroides hiperactiva). Se utilizó fluoruro porque se encontró que era eficaz para reducir la actividad de la glándula tiroides , incluso en dosis tan bajas como 2 mg/día. Hoy en día, muchas personas que viven en comunidades fluoradas están ingiriendo dosis de fluoruro (1,6 a 6,6 mg/día) que se encuentran dentro del rango de dosis (2 a 10 mg/día) que alguna vez utilizaron los médicos para reducir la actividad tiroidea en pacientes con hipertiroidismo. Esto es particularmente preocupante considerando el problema generalizado del hipotiroidismo (tiroides poco activa) en los Estados Unidos. Los síntomas del hipotiroidismo incluyen obesidad, letargo, depresión y enfermedades cardíacas. FLUORURO Y ENFERMEDADES ÓSEAS Es bien sabido que la exposición excesiva al fluoruro causa una enfermedad ósea llamada fluorosis esquelética . La fluorosis esquelética, especialmente en sus primeras etapas , es una enfermedad difícil de diagnosticar y puede confundirse fácilmente con diversas formas de artritis , incluidas la osteoartritis y la artritis reumatoide . En sus etapas avanzadas, la fluorosis puede parecerse a una multitud de enfermedades de huesos y articulaciones. En personas con enfermedad renal, la exposición al fluoruro puede contribuir y/o exacerbar la osteodistrofia renal . FLUORURO Y FRACTURA ÓSEA La mayoría de los estudios en animales que investigan el efecto del fluoruro sobre la resistencia ósea han encontrado que el fluoruro no tiene ningún efecto o tiene un efecto negativo sobre la resistencia . Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU. , "El peso de la evidencia indica que, aunque el fluoruro podría aumentar el volumen óseo, hay menos resistencia por unidad de volumen". Los estudios en poblaciones humanas que consumen fluoruro en el agua potable han encontrado una asociación entre la fluorosis dental y un aumento de las fracturas óseas en los niños ; y entre el consumo prolongado de agua fluorada y el aumento de fracturas de cadera en los ancianos. Ensayos clínicos en humanos cuidadosamente realizados , incluidos dos "ensayos doble ciego", han descubierto que el fluoruro (en dosis de 18 a 34 mg/día durante sólo 1 a 4 años) aumenta la tasa de fracturas óseas, particularmente de cadera, entre pacientes con osteoporosis. . FLUORURO Y CÁNCER Según el Programa Nacional de Toxicología, "la preponderancia de la evidencia" de estudios de laboratorio 'in vitro' indica que el fluoruro es un compuesto mutagénico . Muchas sustancias que causan daños mutagénicos también causan cáncer. Si bien las concentraciones de fluoruro que causan daño mutagénico en estudios de laboratorio son más altas que las concentraciones encontradas en la sangre humana, existen ciertos "microambientes" en el cuerpo (por ejemplo, los huesos y la vejiga ) donde las concentraciones de fluoruro pueden acumularse a niveles comparables a, o en exceso de aquellos que causan efectos mutagénicos en el laboratorio. Se ha descubierto que el fluoruro causa cáncer de huesos (osteosarcoma) en estudios gubernamentales con animales y se ha descubierto que las tasas de osteosarcoma entre los hombres jóvenes que viven en áreas fluoradas son más altas que las de los hombres jóvenes que viven en áreas no fluoradas. El osteosarcoma, aunque poco común, es un cáncer muy grave. Los niños que desarrollan osteosarcoma enfrentan una alta probabilidad de muerte (generalmente dentro de los 3 años) o amputación. La exposición al fluoruro también se ha relacionado con el cáncer de vejiga , particularmente entre los trabajadores expuestos al exceso de fluoruro en el lugar de trabajo. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU., "se deben realizar más investigaciones sobre el posible efecto del fluoruro en el riesgo de cáncer de vejiga”. FLUORURO Y EL TRACTO GASTROINTESTINAL Entre personas hipersensibles al flúor , se han producido dolencias gastrointestinales tras la ingestión de comprimidos de 1 mg de flúor o el consumo de 1 ppm de agua fluorada. En ensayos clínicos cuidadosamente controlados , se ha descubierto que una sola ingestión de tan solo 3 mg de fluoruro produce daños en la mucosa gástrica en voluntarios adultos sanos. Nunca se ha realizado ninguna investigación en la mucosa gástrica para determinar el efecto de dosis más bajas con exposición repetida. FLUORURO Y CARIES (Caries) Según el consenso actual de la comunidad de investigación dental, el beneficio principal, si no el único, del fluoruro para los dientes proviene de la aplicación TÓPICA en la superficie exterior de los dientes, no de la ingestión . Por lo tanto, tal vez no sea sorprendente que las tasas de caries hayan disminuido a tasas similares en todos los países occidentales en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, independientemente de si el país fluora o no su agua . Hoy en día, las tasas de caries en toda Europa occidental continental son tan bajas como las tasas de caries en los Estados Unidos, a pesar de una profunda disparidad en la prevalencia de la fluoración del agua en las dos regiones. En los países que fluoran el agua, estudios recientes a gran escala sobre salud dental (utilizando métodos científicos modernos no utilizados en los primeros estudios de los años 1930 y 1950) han encontrado pocas diferencias en la caries , incluida la "caries del biberón" , entre las aguas fluoradas. y comunidades no fluoradas. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Conozcamos algunos datos del proyecto Manhattan. El Proyecto Manhattan fue un proyecto de investigación y desarrollo llevado a cabo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial entre los años 1942 y 1946 que produjo las primeras armas nucleares, liderado por los Estados Unidos con el apoyo del Reino Unido y de Canadá. El Proyecto Manhattan comenzó de forma modesta, creciendo progresivamente hasta tener más de 130 000 empleados y alcanzar un coste de casi 2000 millones de dólares de la época, unos 70.000 millones en la actualidad. Más del 90 % del presupuesto se destinó a la construcción de fábricas y a la producción de materiales fisibles, con menos del 10 % destinado al desarrollo y producción de armas. La investigación y producción tuvieron lugar en más de 30 lugares por todos los Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá. En junio de 1944 el Proyecto Manhattan tenía alrededor de 129 000 trabajadores empleados, de los que 84500 eran trabajadores de la construcción, 40500 eran operadores de planta y 1800 eran personal militar. Como al final diseñaron una bomba con U-235, el material que se utiliza en los reactores comerciales y que solo es el 0,7% de todo el uranio se tuvo que separar dicho uranio de los otros radioisótopos que no eran necesarios como el el U-238 que es al que se le denomina uranio empobrecido. De cada gramo de uranio natural el 99,284 % de la masa es uranio-238, el 0,711 % uranio-235,2 y el 0,0085 % uranio-234. Separar el U-235 del U-238 fue una tarea titánica en aquella época y se utilizaron tres métodos principales ya que la centrifugación supuso un gran desafío técnico por la complejidad de los rodamientos y ejes necesarios para separar los radioisótopos de uranio. El proceso requería altas velocidades de rotación, pero a su paso por determinadas velocidades se creaban vibraciones armónicas que podían romper la maquinaria. Por ello, era necesario obtener una rápida aceleración para superar estas velocidades. producir un kilo de uranio-235 por día precisaría de hasta 50000 centrifugados con rotores de 1 metro, o 10000 centrifugados con rotores de 4 metros, asumiendo que fuera posible construir estos últimos. Por eso se recurrió al uso de calutrones, la termoforesis y la difusión gaseosa. Los calderones son una especie de imanes gigantes que separaban los dos tipos de radioisótopos calentando el uranio e ionizándolo para luego recogerlo por electromagnetismo en dos zonas diferenciadas. Debido a la escasez de cobre durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los electroimanes fueron hechos con miles de toneladas de plata prestadas por el Departamento del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos. La termoforesis (también denominada termomigración, termodifusión, efecto Soret, o efecto Ludwig-Soret) es un fenómeno observado en mezclas de partículas móviles, cuando diferentes tipos de partículas exhiben distintas respuestas ante la presencia de un gradiente térmico. Esta técnica no es practica para trabajar a gran escala y apenas fue empleada pasando a realizarse la separación de isótopos de uranio por difusión gaseosa o lo que es lo mismo mediante el uso de centrifugadoras. La difusión gaseosa fue una de las varias tecnologías para la separación de isótopos de uranio desarrolladas por parte del Proyecto Manhattan para producir uranio enriquecido forzando que el hexafluoruro de uranio (único compuesto del uranio gaseoso) atraviese membranas semi-permeables. Esto produce una ligerísima separación entre las moléculas que contienen uranio-235 y uranio-238. Mediante el uso de una gran cascada de muchos pasos, se pueden conseguir grandes separaciones. Los edificios de proceso construidos para albergar estas máquinas en cascada fueron en su momento los más grandes jamás construidos, hablamos de 600 etapas en una larga estructura en forma de U de 800 metros de longitud, que contenía 54 edificios contiguos. La preparación de la materia a tratar, el hexafluoruro de uranio (conocido en el mercado como hex ) fue la primera aplicación para el fluoruro producida comercialmente, y los problemas generados por el manejo tanto del fluoruro como del hex como gases corrosivos fueron significativos. El proyecto Manhattan se llama así porque la oficina que escogió el jefe de ingenieros militar se ubico en el 18.º del 270 Broadway en Nueva York. Además estaba cerca de la oficina en Manhattan de Stone & Webster, el principal contratista del proyecto…así que se quedó con ese nombre. El mando militar corrió a cargo del general Groves y el mando científico ya saben de J. Robert Oppenheimer, apodado el padre de la bomba. En 1944 se adquirió 560 000 kg de mineral de óxido de uranio a compañías que explotaban minas en el Congo Belga. Para poder evitar informar al Secretario del Tesoro estadounidense Henry Morgenthau Jr. sobre el proyecto, utilizaron una cuenta bancaria especial no sujeta a las habituales auditorías y controles por los que tenían que pasar este tipo de fondos. Entre 1944 y el momento en el que dimitió del Fondo en 1947, Groves depositó un total de 37,5 millones de dólares en la cuenta del Fondo. La minería de uranio en Colorado producía alrededor de unas 700 toneladas de uranio al año. Realmente utilizaron los tres procesos encadenados, primero producían uranio enriquecido del 0,71 % hasta el 0,89 % en la planta S-50 de termoforesis que pasó a ser la primera etapa. Este material se usaba en el proceso de difusión gaseosa en la planta K-25, produciendo un producto enriquecido hasta un 23 % que a su vez alimentaba a la planta Y-12 con los calutrones, llegando allí hasta al 89 %, lo suficiente para las armas nucleares. Decir que la planta con los calutrones estuvo en un principio siendo operada por científicos de Berkeley para eliminar fallos y conseguir un índice operacional razonable. Pero fueron finalmente sustituidos por operadoras formadas por Tennessee Eastman (la Kodak) que solo habían recibido una educación secundaria. Cuando compararon los datos vieron que las lugareñas producían mucho mas uranio que los doctorados. A fecha de julio de 1945 se habían entregado alrededor de unos 50 kg de uranio enriquecido hasta un 89 % de uranio-235 en Los Álamos. Estos 50 kg al completo, junto con uranio adicional enriquecido al 50 %, dio un promedio resultante de uranio enriquecido al 85 %, que fueron utilizados en la bomba Little Boy. O sea unos 100kg de U235 al 85%. El uranio natural se compone principalmente de uranio-238 (U-238), que no es fisible, y uranio-235 (U-235), que es fisible. Para producir 100 kg de U-235 enriquecido al 85%, primero debemos determinar la cantidad de uranio natural requerida y luego calcular la cantidad de UF6 necesaria para alcanzar ese enriquecimiento. La relación entre el peso atómico del U-235 y el U-238 es aproximadamente 0.72. Por lo tanto, necesitamos 14.285 kg de uranio normal para obtener 100 kg de uranio enriquecido al 100% y 12.142 kg para que este solo al 85%. En 12 gramos de uranio normal hay 3*10²³ átomos y en todos esos kilos hay una cifra enorme aproximada de 3 x 10^25 átomos de uranio. El UF6 se utiliza para enriquecer uranio, y en el proceso, se convierte todo el uranio (tanto el U-235 como el U-238) en UF6. Por lo tanto, necesitamos 6 átomos de flúor por uno de uranio, o sea 18 x 10^25 átomos de flúor. Lo que equivale a unas 50 toneladas de flúor de las que nunca mas se supo. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Invitados: …. Dra Yane #JusticiaParaUTP Médico y Buscadora de la verdad. Con Dios siempre! No permito q me dividan c/izq -derecha, raza, religión ni nada de la Creación. https://youtu.be/TXEEZUYd4c0 …. UTP Ramón Valero @tecn_preocupado Un técnico Preocupado un FP2 IVOOX UTP http://cutt.ly/dzhhGrf BLOG http://cutt.ly/dzhh2LX CANALES TELEGRAM Promocional donde hacemos los directos https://t.me/UnTecnicoPreocupado Abierto para comentarios https://t.me/MiVidaMiOxigeno Ayúdame desde mi Crowfunding aquí https://cutt.ly/W0DsPVq ………………………………………………………………………………………. Enlaces citados en el podcast: !LA LECHE¡ FLÚOR EN LA LECHE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/10/03/la-leche-fluor-en-la-leche/ Compañias proyecto Manhattan en el libro “Descubrimientos: Innovación y tecnología siglos XX y XXI” De José Manuel Sánchez Ron https://books.google.es/books?id=qt-hIQrbNSkC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=compa%C3%B1ias+proyecto+Manhattan+General+Electric&source=bl&ots=TEYYZZR26s&sig=vIiRUxpH4XqtJ-3u0caXw56K7Fs&hl=es&sa=X&ei=3kQdVKz3DpKd7gaisoD4Cw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=compa%C3%B1ias%20proyecto%20Manhattan%20General%20Electric&f=false LA CONSPIRACIÓN DEL FLUORURO https://detenganlavacuna.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/conspiracion-fluor/ Nexo entre la industria nuclear y la peste del siglo xxi: El cáncer https://www.burbuja.info/inmobiliaria/threads/n-exo-entre-la-industria-nuclear-y-la-peste-del-siglo-xxi-el-cancer.356104/# Las empresas del amianto y el encubrimiento empresarial https://www.lawsuit-information-center.com/asbestos-corporate-cover-up.html Dust diseases and the legacy of corporate manipulation of science and law https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090870/ Harold Hodge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hodge Roholm, Kaj. "Intoxicación por flúor: un estudio clínico e higiénico, con revisión de la literatura y algunas investigaciones experimentales". 1937. https://archive.org/details/FluorineIntoxication/mode/2up The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War https://web.archive.org/web/20110810032922/http://www.fluoridealert.org/p-files.htm “The Plutonium Files”. Las filtraciones de los experimentos médicos del Proyecto Manhattan https://kurioso.es/2011/01/17/%E2%80%9Cthe-plutonium-files%E2%80%9D-las-filtraciones-de-los-experimentos-medicos-del-proyecto-manhattan/ Pres. Clinton's Remarks on Human Radiation Experiments (1995) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StId27Dmx78 Luis Hempelmann https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Hempelmann Artículos científicos sobre el uso inadecuado de fluoroscopios para medir el tamaño del pie a niños y bebes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18139719/ Radiation Exposures from the Use of Shoe-Fitting Fluoroscopes https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM194909012410903 Diez protagonistas para entender el ‘caso Alcoa’ https://www.laopinioncoruna.es/economia/2021/03/07/diez-protagonistas-entender-caso-alcoa-39193998.html ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/20/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto/ ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO SEGUNDA PARTE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/21/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto-segunda-parte/ ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO TERCERA PARTE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/22/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto-tercera-parte/ 23 NUEVO desORDEN MUNDIAL (El FLUOR es MATARRATAS ) (Lista de aguas fluoradas) https://www.ivoox.com/23-nuevo-desorden-mundial-el-fluor-es-matarratas-audios-mp3_rf_2998013_1.html BIOTERRORISMO; MEDICAMENTOS Y VACUNAS https://nuevodesordenmundial.com/?page_id=105 SAL YODADA, LO QUE NADIE TE CONTO https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/12/15/sal-yodada-lo-que-nadie-te-conto/ AGUA Y OTROS VENENOS COTIDIANOS Y CÓMO EVITARLOS (articulo en blog) https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2019/12/16/venenos-cotidianos-y-como-evitarlos/ UTP76 Agua y otros venenos cotidianos (audio en Ivoox) https://www.ivoox.com/utp76-agua-otros-venenos-cotidianos-audios-mp3_rf_45571703_1.html TODO LO QUE TIENES QUE SABER PARA EMPEZAR LA GUERRA CONTRA LA GEOINGENIERÍA (lluvia de peces) https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2022/12/22/todo-lo-que-tienes-que-saber-para-empezar-la-guerra-contra-la-geoingenieria/ UTP 44 Los piratas somalies y los depósitos radiactivos que provocaban cáncer https://www.ivoox.com/utp-44-los-piratas-somalies-depositos-audios-mp3_rf_32634697_1.html El Engaño Del Flúor (video documental sobre el libro del mismo nombre) https://archive.org/details/el-engano-del-fluor Papers sobre daños del flúor https://web.archive.org/web/20120325012242/http://www.fluoridationfacts.com/science/papers/papers_index.htm CUATRO ESTUDIOS QUE DEMUESTRAN QUE AGREGAR FLUORURO AL AGUA POTABLE PONE EN PELIGRO INNECESARIAMENTE EL CEREBRO DE LOS NIÑOS https://fluoridealert.org/articles/four-studies/ LUKE (2001): DEPOSICIÓN DE FLUORURO EN LA GLÁNDULA PINEAL HUMANA ENVEJECIDA https://fluoridealert.org/studies/luke-2001/ Estudio sobre el flúor en España citado por la Dra Yane https://twitter.com/ayec98_2/status/1719392296842510633 Articles of Interest - Fluoride & the Brain: FAN's Translation Project: Chinese Research on Fluoride's Neurotoxicity https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/translations/complete_archive/ Pagina en web archive por si se pierde https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/chinese/index.html New Evidence on Fluoride & the Developing Brain - FAN, January 17, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoridealert.org/2007research/01.html Excerpts from NRC Report - FAN, March 28, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoridealert.org/health/epa/nrc/excerpts.html Yet more research on fluoride and the brain - FAN Science Watch June 25, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/news/12.html Fluoride's effects on the brain - Ellen Connett, Director, Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project, April 19, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/nrc.brain.april.2004.htm Fluoride Linked to Low IQ, Studies Show - Fluoride Action Network August 25, 2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/news/1655.html In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility May 2000 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/psr.html On the Neurotoxicity of Fluoride Phyllis Mullenix, Ph.D., September 14, 1998 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/pmullenix.htm Fluoride & The Brain: An Interview with Dr. Phyllis Mullenix Interview by Paul Connett, PhD, October 18, 1997 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/mullenix-interview.htm Fluoride & the Pineal Gland IFIN Bulletin, March 2001 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/IFIN-269.htm Rat Studies Link Brain Cell Damage With Aluminum and Fluoride in Water Wall Street Journal October 28, 1992 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/wsj-isaacson.htm Available Full-Text Papers Online - Fluoride & the Brain: (back to top) FAN's Translation Project: Chinese Research on Fluoride's Neurotoxicity https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/chinese/index.html FULL-TEXT (pdf): Xiang Q, et al. (2003). Effect of fluoride in drinking water on children's intelligence. Fluoride 36: 84-94. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoride-journal.com/03-36-2/362-084.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Lu Y, et al (2000). Effect of high-fluoride water on intelligence of children. Fluoride 33:74-78. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoride-journal.com/00-33-2/332-74.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Varner JA, et al. (1998). Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride and sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Research 784: 284-298. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/varner-1998.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Mullenix P, et al. (1995).Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17:169-177. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/mullenix1995.pdf FULL-TEXT (html): Lin Fa-Fu; et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine Deficiency Disorder Newsletter Vol. 7. No. 3. (August). https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/idd.html 1300 artículos sobre toxicidad de los fluoruros publicados en PUBMED https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fluorides%2Ftoxicity%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc Proyecto Manhattan https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyecto_Manhattan Valor del proyecto https://fxtop.com/es/calculadora-de-inflacion.php?A=2000000000&C1=USD&INDICE=USCPI31011913&DD1=01&MM1=01&YYYY1=1942&DD2=30&MM2=10&YYYY2=2023&btnOK=Calcular+equivalente ……………………………………………………………….. Música utilizada en este podcast: Tema inicial Heros ……………………………………………………………….. Epílogo Alonso del Rio - Abrete Corazon https://youtu.be/mOOuivbwijY?feature=shared
Bienvenidos a un nuevo directo en Telegram. Hoy vamos a hablarles del flúor, ese elemento químico amarillo que siendo muy corrosivo, tóxico y altamente reactivo, es capaz de combinarse químicamente con casi todo, nos lo metemos en la boca por “nuestro bien». Los textos que utilizaré provienen del libro “Dossier Flúor” del dr Jean-Marc Brunet y de “The fluoride deception” de Christopher Bryson más algunas adaptaciones libres y artículos escritos por mi en el pasado ya que conocía de los peligros del flúor desde hace más de 20 años. Decirles que mi hija que tiene 18 años jamás ha utilizado pasta de dientes con flúor y tiene una excelente salud dental. El flúor constituye el núcleo elemental de algunas de las mayores fortunas que el mundo ha visto jamás, la riqueza casi inimaginable de los Mellons de Pittsburgh y los Du Ponts de Delaware. Y no es de extrañar que la advertencia en el tubo de pasta de dientes sea tan dramática. La misma potente sustancia química que se utiliza para enriquecer uranio para armas nucleares, para preparar el gas nervioso Sarín y para arrancar acero y aluminio fundidos del mineral de la tierra es la que damos a nuestros hijos a primera hora de la mañana y a última de la noche, con sabor a menta, fresa o chicle. El flúor es una sustancia química tan poderosa que se ha convertido en la savia de la industria moderna, bombeada a toda máquina cada día a través de innumerables fábricas, refinerías y molinos. El fluoruro se utiliza para producir gasolina de alto octanaje; para fundir metales clave como el aluminio, el acero y el berilio; para enriquecer uranio; para fabricar placas de circuitos informáticos, pesticidas, cera para esquís, gases refrigerantes, plástico de teflón, sartenes, alfombras, ropa impermeable, vidrio grabado, ladrillos y cerámica, y numerosos medicamentos, como Prozac y Cipro. “Crea el problema y luego vendeles la solución» frase que bien podría haber dicho Bernays, el mas famoso creador de opinión del siglo XX que también contribuyo a promocionar el flúor. En el libro de Chrystopher Bryson “El engaño del Flúor” nos muestra correspondencia entre el publicitario y el NIDR (Instituto nacional de investigación dental) para que este hiciera campaña a favor de la fluoración. ¿Conocen ese lema que dice “los expertos recomiendan”? Pues es de Bernays. Pero eso ya fue en los 60 y todo esto empezó tras la gran depresión del 1929, cuando las grandes multinacionales no sabían que hacer con sus productos por la gran caída de la demanda. Entre ellos el azúcar. Gerald Judy Cox, químico que participó en la causa de la caries y su “solución». El sr Cox, desarrollo las patentes para transformar la caña de azúcar y el azúcar común sin refinar (que terminaba pudriéndose) en algunos de los productos azucarados que conocemos hoy día. Por si no lo sabían son los ácidos que quedan encima de los dientes tras la transformación del azúcar por las bacterias lo que provoca la caries. Pues este señor que ayudó a que el azúcar terminase empleándose de forma masiva en todo tipo de productos, chicles incluidos, terminó siendo uno de los mayores defensores del uso del flúor para evitar dicha caries, ¿curioso no? Pero veamos dónde empezó todo. Durante la gran depresión, algunas empresas, sobre todo la Aluminum Company of America ALCOA, se enfrentaban a un espinoso problema. Uno de los compuestos naturales del aluminio es la criolita. La criolita es una roca que contiene aluminio, flúor y sodio. Su fórmula química es: Na3AlF6 Por tanto, la criolita contiene tres átomos de sodio, uno de aluminio y seis de flúor en su molécula. Cuando queremos aislar el aluminio, obtenemos como residuo una sal, el fluoruro de sodio. Se trata de una sustancia altamente tóxica que no se encuentra en la naturaleza en su estado puro sino en combinaciones menos peligrosas. El fluoruro de sodio es, por tanto, una sustancia química artificial. Al ser tan tóxico, su comercio esta limitado. Se utiliza en la fabricación de veneno para ratas, como agente blanqueador, como coagulante del caucho, como fijador de tintes, etc. Estos usos del fluoruro de sodio eran ampliamente insuficientes. Se acumulaban enormes reservas de este veneno, sobre todo porque las autoridades gubernamentales impedían a las empresas verterlo en los ríos porque los peces tienen la mala costumbre de morirse después. Como no vendían suficiente y no podían deshacerse de él fácilmente, tuvieron que buscar otra salida para el fluoruro de sodio. Como es habitual en la industria, el problema se remitió a una organización especializada en encontrar soluciones. El Instituto Mellon de Pittsburgh recibió el encargo de encontrar una solución al problema del fluoruro de sodio. El Instituto Mellon, fundado en 1911 por Andrew y Richard Mellon, es un laboratorio de ciencia aplicada abierto a todos los empresarios estadounidenses. Cuando un industrial o fabricante tiene un problema, acude al Instituto y contrata a un científico durante un año. El trabajo del científico consistía en mejorar el producto o encontrarle un nuevo mercado. El Instituto Mellon está actualmente siendo demandado por su defensa acérrima del amianto. El bioquímico Gerald J. Cox del que hablamos antes recibió el encargo de estudiar la delicada cuestión del fluoruro de sodio. Los peligros de esta sustancia química se conocían desde hacía tiempo. Ya en 1920, dos organismos gubernamentales, la Oficina de Minas y el Departamento de Agricultura, expresaban su preocupación por la contaminación por fluoruro. Mientras tanto, sin embargo, el Servicio de Salud Pública de EE.UU. permanecía en silencio. Hacia la década de 1930, el Servicio de Salud Pública pasó a depender del Departamento del Tesoro. De 1921 a 1933, el Secretario de este Departamento no fue otro que el Sr. Andrew W. Mellon, cofundador del Instituto Mellon, acaudalado financiero de Pittsburgh y miembro de una de las familias más ricas y poderosas de Estados Unidos. La familia Mellon posee y controla, entre otros, el Mellon National Bank, Gulf Oil, Koppers Corp. y la Aluminum Company of America. Antes de ocupar el cargo de Secretario del Tesoro, Andrew Mellon fue Presidente de la Aluminum Company. Fue uno de los más feroces opositores a la campaña contra la contaminación por flúor, ya que la Aluminum Co. era la principal contaminadora en este ámbito. En 1931, dos químicos de la Aluminum Co. descubrieron la causa de las horribles manchas marrones que casi todos los habitantes de Bauxite, Arkansas, tenían en los dientes. El agente responsable era el flúor, presente de forma natural en el agua de la ciudad dada la presencia de una industria minera del mineral del aluminio, la bauxita, que termino dando el nombre al pueblo. El Servicio de Salud Pública también se interesó por la fluorosis dental. En 1933, un miembro del personal, el dentista H. Trendley Dean, fue enviado a estudiar los distintos lugares del país donde la población presentaba este tipo de manchas en los dientes. El objetivo era averiguar qué proporción de flúor era necesaria para provocar tales trastornos. El Sr. Dean descubrió que incluso concentraciones mínimas provocaban las manchas en determinados individuos. Llegó a la conclusión de que con una concentración de una parte por millón, ya el 10-20% de la población presentaba esas manchas. Mientras tanto, el bioquímico Gerald J. Cox, que refinó el azúcar para luego curar las caries que esta provocaba, seguía trabajando para encontrar una solución al problema del flúor. En 1939, publicó su informe de investigación: "...Hay que replantearse la opinión predominante", escribió, "de que el agua debe estar completamente libre de fluoruros...". Sugirió añadir fluoruro sódico al agua potable para prevenir la caries dental. La sugerencia de Cox fue recibida con gran cautela por los funcionarios de salud pública. Incluso el dentista Dean del Servicio de Salud Pública, que dijo haber notado una reducción de la caries dental en lugares donde había mucha fluorosis, expresó sus reservas sobre la teoría de Cox. Todo el mundo era consciente de la falta de pruebas sobre los beneficios de los fluoruros en la dentición humana. Por otro lado, estaba claro que los fluoruros eran venenos extremadamente peligrosos como demostró el médico y científico danés Kaj Roholm en 1937. Y aqui entra el primer presidente de la Sociedad de Toxicología, el Dr Harold Hodge, elegido para encabezar la División de Farmacología y Toxicología de la Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos (AEC) y firme defensor de la fluoración del agua. Pocos saben que el Dr. Hodge, el principal investigador de flúor del país que formó a una generación de decanos de facultades de odontología en los años cincuenta y sesenta, fue el toxicólogo jefe en tiempos de guerra del Proyecto Manhattan. Allí ayudó a coreografiar los tristemente célebres experimentos de radiación en humanos, en los que se inyectaba plutonio y uranio a pacientes hospitalizados -sin su conocimiento o consentimiento- para estudiar la toxicidad de esas sustancias químicas en humanos. Hodge también se encargó de estudiar la toxicidad del flúor. La construcción de la primera bomba atómica del mundo había requerido cantidades ingentes de fluoruro. Así que, por ejemplo, en nombre de los fabricantes de bombas, supervisó de forma encubierta uno de los primeros experimentos de fluoración del agua pública del país. Mientras se decía a los ciudadanos de Newburgh, Nueva York, que el flúor reduciría las caries en sus hijos, en secreto se tomaban muestras de sangre y tejidos de los residentes que eran enviadas a su laboratorio atómico para su estudio. La Universidad de los estudios clasificados de fluoruro de Rochester – cuyo nombre en código es Programa F – se llevaron a cabo en el Proyecto de Energía Atómica (AEP), una instalación de alto secreto financiado por la AEC (La Comisión de Energía Atómica de los Estados Unidos) y alojados en el Strong Memorial Hospital. Se produjo allí uno de los experimentos de radiación más notorios en humanos durante la Guerra Fría, en el que los pacientes hospitalarios confiados fueron inyectados con dosis tóxicas de plutonio radiactivo. La revelación de este experimento por cuenta de la periodista Welsome Eileenen la convirtió en ganadora del premio Pulitzer tras escribir “Los archivos del plutonio: Los experimentos médicos secretos de Estados Unidos en la Guerra Fría”. Llevó a una investigación presidencial de los EE.UU en 1995, y un pago en efectivo de varios millones de dólares para las víctimas. El Programa F no trataba de mejorar la salud de los dientes de los niños. Surgió directamente de litigios contra el programa de la bomba y su principal objetivo era proporcionar munición científica que el gobierno y sus contratistas nucleares podrían utilizar para derrotar a las demandas por lesiones personales. El protocolo para las inyecciones de plutonio, que fue escrito por Wright Langham y no se hizo público hasta 1995, reveló que el experimento fue el resultado de la reunión de Rochester, así como de "numerosas conversaciones con el Coronel Warren, el Coronel Friedell y el Dr. LH". Hempelmann. Curiosamente el dr Hempelmann se casó con Elinor Pulitzer la nieta del editor de periódicos Joseph Pulitzer cuyo nombre llevan los “prestigiosos” entre comillas premios periodísticos. A cada paciente se le asignaron las iniciales "HP" seguidas de un número. Según un documento, "HP" significaba Human product "producto humano". Los médicos buscaban pacientes que tuvieran un metabolismo relativamente normal. Según el plan provisional, el grupo decidió que a cada paciente se le inyectaría un promedio de cinco microgramos, o cinco millonésimas de gramo de plutonio. Aunque la dosis prevista era cinco microgramos, la cantidad real de plutonio inyectada a los pacientes varió de 4,6 a 6,5 microgramos. La dosis de radiación acumulada recibida por cada paciente dependía de dos factores: la cantidad de material radiactivo inyectado en el cuerpo y cuánto tiempo vivían los sujetos. Cuanto más vivían los pacientes, mayor era su dosis acumulada. Antes de que comenzaran las inyecciones en humanos, a tres ratas se les inyectó en las venas de la cola la misma solución de plutonio que Langham y Bassett planeaban administrar a los pacientes. Sólo un pequeño porcentaje del plutonio fue a parar a los hígados de los roedores, lo que hizo que los dos científicos tuvieran más confianza en que el plutonio inyectado en los seres humanos "no sería absorbido en alta concentración por un solo órgano como el hígado", escribió Bassett. Wright Langham y Samuel Bassett se guardaron sus temores sobre posibles daños hepáticos y otras consecuencias para la salud a largo plazo y, finalmente, los pacientes fueron dados de alta del hospital sin que nunca les hubieran dicho lo que les habían hecho. Durante el resto de sus vidas, los inyectados llevaban dentro de sus cuerpos el plutonio que habían recibido en la sala metabólica de Samuel Bassett. Algunas veces se ‘inventaban’ operaciones para biopsiar órganos internos de pacientes ‘supuestamente’ enfermos y controlar su depósito en los tejidos. La energia nuclear estuvo bien vista en aquel tiempo y por desgracia ahora tenemos otro renacimiento de su popularidad. En esa época se realizaban radiografías con fluoroscopios en las zapaterías especializadas en bebés y niños con desastrosos resultados a largo plazo. Era normal retirar la estática de los discos de vinilo con un cepillo que contenía polonio 210 o llevar un reloj de muñeca con pintura de radio. Todo el mundo apoyaba la radiación y sus oscuros secretos siguen hoy dia a buen recaudo, pero prosigamos. Algunas de las empresas mas importantes USA se involucraron en la carrera para producir la bomba atómica…Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, Du Pont, Clinton Engineering Works, Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, National Carbon Company, Speer Carbon Company, Chrysler, Eastman Kodak, Allis-Chalmers, General Electric, General Motors, Kellogg…lo que se conoció como Proyecto Manhattan. Curiosamente si buscan Proyecto Manhattan en la wikipedia observarán que ni uno solo de los nombres de empresas que citan autores como Manuel Sánchez Ron aparecen allí, ¿raro, verdad? Entre ellas estaba una fábrica química de la compañía Du Pont, la Nemours Company en Deepwater, Nueva Jersey…se dedicó a producir millones de libras de fluoruro para el proyecto Manhattan. La conexión entre la fluoración del agua que defendía el Dr. Hodge y la industria nuclear es clara. A la industria nuclear, al igual que a la del aluminio y a la de los fertilizantes le sobraban cientos de miles de toneladas de flúor y meterlo en la boca de los contribuyentes era una buena forma de deshacerse de dicho residuo. Dejaremos en la descripción del podcast un documental muy aclarador titulado “El Engaño Del Flúor”. En el Estado de Wisconsin, dos dentistas, Frank Bull y John Frisch, se organizaron para poner en marcha el siniestro movimiento de la fluoración. En aquel momento, el trust del aluminio pertenecía en secreto a la Casa Rockefeller; 25 años antes había pertenecido a Andrew Mellon de Pittsburgh; a su muerte, la Casa Rockefeller se apoderó discretamente de él, negando oficialmente cualquier relación con Alcoa a través de su agente de prensa; Sin embargo, el Manual de Industriales y el informe anual del Consejo de Relaciones Exteriores de Rockefeller informaban de que el yerno de Andrew Mellon, miembro de la Casa Rockefeller, era el propietario, junto con su esposa, de la empresa Alcoa. La Casa Rockefeller, posee con su esposa la mayor parte de los fondos de la Compañía de Aluminio. Para aumentar el control de Rockefeller en las reuniones del consejo de Alcoa, Donald K. David, testaferro del Instituto Rockefeller, fue nombrado uno de los directores. Los ingenieros de ventas de Rockefeller pronto descubrieron que si el fluoruro de sodio se podía vender por sólo 1,5 centavos de dólar la libra, se obtendrían unos beneficios de 15 millones de dólares al año. El anuncio de Cox fue acogido con entusiasmo. Los peces gordos del Rockefeller Center se pusieron inmediatamente manos a la obra para preparar una gran campaña de fluoración del agua potable de 16.750 municipios estadounidenses. La operación se puso en marcha hacia 1945. Justamente los técnicos de Alcoa trabajaron mano a mano con químicos del Instituto Mellon y otras multinacionales (Dow Chemical Company, Colgate, Kellog, DuPont) hasta conseguir lo que hoy día se conoce como “la mafia del flúor” (Stephen 1995). En 1944, Oscar Ewing se convirtió repentinamente en uno de los principales empleados de Alcoa. Unos meses más tarde, el Sr. Ewing fue nombrado administrador de la Agencia Federal de Seguridad, actual Departamento de Salud de los Estados Unidos. Ewing recibió 750.000 dólares por un motivo que nunca se reveló, incluso después de que el congresista Al. Miller, de Nebraska, reuniera los datos sobre la donación y presentará su informe al Congreso. El Servicio de Salud Pública de EE.UU., que había sido puesto bajo la jurisdicción de la Agencia Federal de Seguridad de Ewing por el Congreso, lanzó una campaña de promoción masiva en todo Estados Unidos. Bajo la administración de Ewing, se votaron presupuestos enormes, se dieron millones de dólares a colegas médicos y dentistas y, en 1951, pidió y obtuvo dos millones de dólares para promover la idea de la purificación del agua potable. Una de las primeras medidas adoptadas fue establecer una prueba en dos ciudades piloto, Newburgh y Kingston. El agua de Newburgh estaba fluorada, la de Kingston no. El Cuerpo Comisionado del Servicio de Salud Pública de Estados anunció que en 5 años examinarán los dientes de los escolares de las dos ciudades y que la fluoración habría reducido la caries en un 50%. Dado que se transporta en la sangre, el flúor debe encontrarse en todas las partes del cuerpo. Al igual que los huesos, los dientes contienen derivados del flúor. El esmalte dental está compuesto por un 3% de dentina y un 97% de una combinación salina muy íntima de fosfato cálcico, carbonato y flúor. En total, un hombre de 70 kg. contiene de 95 a 100 g. de fluoruro combinado, suministrado y repuesto por la dieta en una forma salina compleja que, en casos normales, garantiza su fijación y ausencia de efectos nocivos. Parte de la ingesta diaria se fija para construir y renovar los huesos y los dientes; la otra parte circula y se elimina en las heces y la orina. Debo mencionar de pasada que las industrias médica y conservera de alimentos utilizan desde hace tiempo fluoruros alcalinos y alcalinotérreos. Ambas saben perfectamente que son a la vez antisépticos potentes y tóxicos algo parecido a lo que pasa con el Bisfenol A de las botellas. Es increíble como habiendo más de 1300 artículos científicos sobre la alta toxicidad de los fluoruros todavía se permita su comercialización sin apenas controles y que se hable de las ventajas de añadirlo al agua y a todo tipo de cosas. Parece que no hemos aprendido nada de la historia de otras sustancias de las que también nos dijo la ciencia que eran seguras como el plomo en la gasolina, el amianto, el DDT, etc Poderoso caballero es don dinero y en este caso la población en general no ha sido advertida de los peligros del flúor ya que las supuestas ONGs y los grupos ecologistas están patrocinados por los mismos fabricantes de este veneno. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ACCIDENTES Y ENVENENAMIENTOS POR FLUORURO El fluoruro, el ingrediente activo de muchos pesticidas y rodenticidas, es un veneno poderoso, más venenoso que el plomo . Debido a esto, la ingestión excesiva accidental de fluoruro puede causar síntomas tóxicos graves. Cada año hay miles de informes a los centros de control de intoxicaciones en los Estados Unidos relacionados con la ingestión excesiva de pastas dentales, enjuagues bucales y suplementos con flúor. Los accidentes de fluoración del agua , que provocan niveles excesivos de fluoruro en el agua, han sido una de las fuentes de intoxicación aguda por fluoruro . FLUORURO Y FLUOROSIS DENTAL La ingestión excesiva de flúor durante los primeros años de la infancia puede dañar las células formadoras de los dientes, provocando un defecto en el esmalte conocido como fluorosis dental . Los dientes afectados por fluorosis tienen una decoloración visible, que va desde manchas blancas hasta manchas marrones y negras . Según los Centros para el Control de Enfermedades , el 32% de los niños estadounidenses tienen actualmente algún tipo de fluorosis dental, y entre el 2 y el 4% de los niños padecen las etapas de moderada a grave (CDC 2005). Según el Dr. Hardy Limeback , Jefe de Odontología Preventiva de la Universidad de Toronto, "es ilógico suponer que el esmalte dental es el único tejido afectado por la ingestión de bajas dosis diarias de flúor. FLUORURO Y ALERGIA/HIPERSENSIBILIDAD Como lo reconoce Physicians' Desk Reference , algunas personas son alérgicas o hipersensibles al fluoruro. El ensayo clínico más grande, financiado por el gobierno, encontró que el 1% de las personas expuestas a 1 mg/día de fluoruro presentaban reacciones alérgicas/hipersensibles, incluidas reacciones cutáneas, malestar gástrico y dolor de cabeza FLUORURO Y LOS RIÑONES Los riñones desempeñan un papel vital en la prevención de la acumulación excesiva de fluoruro en el cuerpo. Entre las personas sanas, los riñones excretan aproximadamente el 50% de la ingesta diaria de fluoruro. Sin embargo, entre las personas con enfermedad renal, la capacidad de los riñones para excretar se ve notablemente afectada, lo que resulta en una acumulación de fluoruro en el cuerpo . Es bien sabido que las personas con enfermedad renal tienen una mayor susceptibilidad a los efectos tóxicos acumulativos del fluoruro. De particular preocupación es la posibilidad de que el fluoruro, cuando se acumula en el sistema esquelético, cause o exacerbe la osteodistrofia renal , una enfermedad ósea que se encuentra comúnmente entre personas con enfermedad renal avanzada. Además, se ha demostrado definitivamente que el fluoruro envenena la función renal en dosis altas durante exposiciones a corto plazo tanto en animales como en humanos. El impacto de dosis bajas de fluoruro, administradas durante largos períodos de tiempo, no se ha estudiado adecuadamente. Un estudio reciente en animales, realizado por científicos de la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de EE.UU. (Varner 1998), informó que la exposición a sólo 1 ppm de fluoruro causaba daño renal en ratas si bebían agua durante un período prolongado, mientras que un nuevo estudio realizado en China encontró una mayor tasa de enfermedad renal entre los seres humanos que consumían más de 2 ppm (Liu 2005). Por lo tanto, los efectos adversos para la función renal que causa el fluoruro en dosis altas durante períodos cortos de tiempo también pueden replicarse con dosis pequeñas si se consume durante períodos prolongados. FLUORURO Y EL CEREBRO La capacidad del fluoruro para dañar el cerebro representa una de las áreas de investigación más activas sobre la toxicidad del fluoruro en la actualidad. La preocupación por el impacto del fluoruro en el cerebro ha sido alimentada por 18 estudios en humanos (de China, México, India e Irán) que informaron déficits de coeficiente intelectual entre niños expuestos a un exceso de fluoruro, por 4 estudios en humanos que indican que el fluoruro puede entrar y dañar el feto cerebro; y por un número creciente de estudios en animales que encuentran daños al tejido cerebral (a niveles tan bajos como 1 ppm) y deterioro del aprendizaje y la memoria entre los grupos tratados con fluoruro. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE.UU. , "es evidente que los fluoruros tienen la capacidad de interferir con las funciones del cerebro”. Los hallazgos de efectos neurológicos en humanos expuestos al flúor son coherentes con los resultados recientes de más de 40 estudios en animales publicados desde 1992, y se ven reforzados por ellos. Al igual que los estudios en humanos, los estudios en animales han informado de un deterioro en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria entre los grupos tratados con flúor. 6) Los estudios en animales también han documentado pruebas considerables de los efectos tóxicos directos del flúor en el tejido cerebral, incluso a niveles tan bajos como 1 ppm de flúor en el agua (Varner 1998). Estos efectos incluyen: -- reducción de los receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina; -- reducción del contenido lipídico; -- deterioro de los sistemas de defensa antioxidante; -- daños en el hipocampo; -- daños en las células purkinje; -- aumento de la captación de aluminio; -- formación de placas beta-amiloides (la clásica anomalía cerebral de la enfermedad de Alzheimer); -- Exacerbación de las lesiones inducidas por la deficiencia de yodo. -- acumulación de flúor en la glándula pineal. FLUORURO Y LA GLÁNDULA PINEAL En la década de 1990, se descubrió que la glándula pineal es un sitio importante de acumulación de fluoruro dentro del cuerpo , con concentraciones de fluoruro más altas que los dientes o los huesos. Estudios posteriores en animales indican que la acumulación de fluoruro en la glándula pineal puede reducir la síntesis de melatonina en la glándula , una hormona que ayuda a regular el inicio de la pubertad. Se descubrió que los animales tratados con fluoruro tenían niveles reducidos de melatonina circulante y un inicio más temprano de la pubertad que los animales no tratados. El científico que realizó la investigación concluyó: "La seguridad del uso de fluoruros se basa en última instancia en la suposición de que el órgano del esmalte en desarrollo es más sensible a los efectos tóxicos del fluoruro. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los pinealocitos pueden ser tan susceptibles al fluoruro como el órgano del esmalte en desarrollo" ( Lucas 1997). El hecho de que el impacto del fluoruro en la glándula pineal nunca haya sido estudiado, ni siquiera considerado , antes de la década de 1990, pone de relieve una importante laguna en el conocimiento que sustenta las políticas actuales sobre el fluoruro y la salud. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU ., "cualquier agente que afecte la función pineal podría afectar la salud humana de diversas maneras, incluidos efectos sobre la maduración sexual, el metabolismo del calcio, la función paratiroidea, la osteoporosis posmenopáusica, el cáncer y las enfermedades psiquiátricas”. FLUORURO Y LA GLÁNDULA TIROIDES Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU ., "varias líneas de información indican un efecto de la exposición al fluoruro sobre la función tiroidea", particularmente entre personas con deficiencia de yodo. El potencial del fluoruro para alterar la función tiroidea se ilustra más claramente por el hecho de que, hasta la década de 1970, los médicos europeos utilizaban el fluoruro como medicamento supresor de la tiroides en pacientes con hipertiroidismo (tiroides hiperactiva). Se utilizó fluoruro porque se encontró que era eficaz para reducir la actividad de la glándula tiroides , incluso en dosis tan bajas como 2 mg/día. Hoy en día, muchas personas que viven en comunidades fluoradas están ingiriendo dosis de fluoruro (1,6 a 6,6 mg/día) que se encuentran dentro del rango de dosis (2 a 10 mg/día) que alguna vez utilizaron los médicos para reducir la actividad tiroidea en pacientes con hipertiroidismo. Esto es particularmente preocupante considerando el problema generalizado del hipotiroidismo (tiroides poco activa) en los Estados Unidos. Los síntomas del hipotiroidismo incluyen obesidad, letargo, depresión y enfermedades cardíacas. FLUORURO Y ENFERMEDADES ÓSEAS Es bien sabido que la exposición excesiva al fluoruro causa una enfermedad ósea llamada fluorosis esquelética . La fluorosis esquelética, especialmente en sus primeras etapas , es una enfermedad difícil de diagnosticar y puede confundirse fácilmente con diversas formas de artritis , incluidas la osteoartritis y la artritis reumatoide . En sus etapas avanzadas, la fluorosis puede parecerse a una multitud de enfermedades de huesos y articulaciones. En personas con enfermedad renal, la exposición al fluoruro puede contribuir y/o exacerbar la osteodistrofia renal . FLUORURO Y FRACTURA ÓSEA La mayoría de los estudios en animales que investigan el efecto del fluoruro sobre la resistencia ósea han encontrado que el fluoruro no tiene ningún efecto o tiene un efecto negativo sobre la resistencia . Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU. , "El peso de la evidencia indica que, aunque el fluoruro podría aumentar el volumen óseo, hay menos resistencia por unidad de volumen". Los estudios en poblaciones humanas que consumen fluoruro en el agua potable han encontrado una asociación entre la fluorosis dental y un aumento de las fracturas óseas en los niños ; y entre el consumo prolongado de agua fluorada y el aumento de fracturas de cadera en los ancianos. Ensayos clínicos en humanos cuidadosamente realizados , incluidos dos "ensayos doble ciego", han descubierto que el fluoruro (en dosis de 18 a 34 mg/día durante sólo 1 a 4 años) aumenta la tasa de fracturas óseas, particularmente de cadera, entre pacientes con osteoporosis. . FLUORURO Y CÁNCER Según el Programa Nacional de Toxicología, "la preponderancia de la evidencia" de estudios de laboratorio 'in vitro' indica que el fluoruro es un compuesto mutagénico . Muchas sustancias que causan daños mutagénicos también causan cáncer. Si bien las concentraciones de fluoruro que causan daño mutagénico en estudios de laboratorio son más altas que las concentraciones encontradas en la sangre humana, existen ciertos "microambientes" en el cuerpo (por ejemplo, los huesos y la vejiga ) donde las concentraciones de fluoruro pueden acumularse a niveles comparables a, o en exceso de aquellos que causan efectos mutagénicos en el laboratorio. Se ha descubierto que el fluoruro causa cáncer de huesos (osteosarcoma) en estudios gubernamentales con animales y se ha descubierto que las tasas de osteosarcoma entre los hombres jóvenes que viven en áreas fluoradas son más altas que las de los hombres jóvenes que viven en áreas no fluoradas. El osteosarcoma, aunque poco común, es un cáncer muy grave. Los niños que desarrollan osteosarcoma enfrentan una alta probabilidad de muerte (generalmente dentro de los 3 años) o amputación. La exposición al fluoruro también se ha relacionado con el cáncer de vejiga , particularmente entre los trabajadores expuestos al exceso de fluoruro en el lugar de trabajo. Según el Consejo Nacional de Investigación de EE. UU., "se deben realizar más investigaciones sobre el posible efecto del fluoruro en el riesgo de cáncer de vejiga”. FLUORURO Y EL TRACTO GASTROINTESTINAL Entre personas hipersensibles al flúor , se han producido dolencias gastrointestinales tras la ingestión de comprimidos de 1 mg de flúor o el consumo de 1 ppm de agua fluorada. En ensayos clínicos cuidadosamente controlados , se ha descubierto que una sola ingestión de tan solo 3 mg de fluoruro produce daños en la mucosa gástrica en voluntarios adultos sanos. Nunca se ha realizado ninguna investigación en la mucosa gástrica para determinar el efecto de dosis más bajas con exposición repetida. FLUORURO Y CARIES (Caries) Según el consenso actual de la comunidad de investigación dental, el beneficio principal, si no el único, del fluoruro para los dientes proviene de la aplicación TÓPICA en la superficie exterior de los dientes, no de la ingestión . Por lo tanto, tal vez no sea sorprendente que las tasas de caries hayan disminuido a tasas similares en todos los países occidentales en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, independientemente de si el país fluora o no su agua . Hoy en día, las tasas de caries en toda Europa occidental continental son tan bajas como las tasas de caries en los Estados Unidos, a pesar de una profunda disparidad en la prevalencia de la fluoración del agua en las dos regiones. En los países que fluoran el agua, estudios recientes a gran escala sobre salud dental (utilizando métodos científicos modernos no utilizados en los primeros estudios de los años 1930 y 1950) han encontrado pocas diferencias en la caries , incluida la "caries del biberón" , entre las aguas fluoradas. y comunidades no fluoradas. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Conozcamos algunos datos del proyecto Manhattan. El Proyecto Manhattan fue un proyecto de investigación y desarrollo llevado a cabo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial entre los años 1942 y 1946 que produjo las primeras armas nucleares, liderado por los Estados Unidos con el apoyo del Reino Unido y de Canadá. El Proyecto Manhattan comenzó de forma modesta, creciendo progresivamente hasta tener más de 130 000 empleados y alcanzar un coste de casi 2000 millones de dólares de la época, unos 70.000 millones en la actualidad. Más del 90 % del presupuesto se destinó a la construcción de fábricas y a la producción de materiales fisibles, con menos del 10 % destinado al desarrollo y producción de armas. La investigación y producción tuvieron lugar en más de 30 lugares por todos los Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá. En junio de 1944 el Proyecto Manhattan tenía alrededor de 129 000 trabajadores empleados, de los que 84500 eran trabajadores de la construcción, 40500 eran operadores de planta y 1800 eran personal militar. Como al final diseñaron una bomba con U-235, el material que se utiliza en los reactores comerciales y que solo es el 0,7% de todo el uranio se tuvo que separar dicho uranio de los otros radioisótopos que no eran necesarios como el el U-238 que es al que se le denomina uranio empobrecido. De cada gramo de uranio natural el 99,284 % de la masa es uranio-238, el 0,711 % uranio-235,2 y el 0,0085 % uranio-234. Separar el U-235 del U-238 fue una tarea titánica en aquella época y se utilizaron tres métodos principales ya que la centrifugación supuso un gran desafío técnico por la complejidad de los rodamientos y ejes necesarios para separar los radioisótopos de uranio. El proceso requería altas velocidades de rotación, pero a su paso por determinadas velocidades se creaban vibraciones armónicas que podían romper la maquinaria. Por ello, era necesario obtener una rápida aceleración para superar estas velocidades. producir un kilo de uranio-235 por día precisaría de hasta 50000 centrifugados con rotores de 1 metro, o 10000 centrifugados con rotores de 4 metros, asumiendo que fuera posible construir estos últimos. Por eso se recurrió al uso de calutrones, la termoforesis y la difusión gaseosa. Los calderones son una especie de imanes gigantes que separaban los dos tipos de radioisótopos calentando el uranio e ionizándolo para luego recogerlo por electromagnetismo en dos zonas diferenciadas. Debido a la escasez de cobre durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los electroimanes fueron hechos con miles de toneladas de plata prestadas por el Departamento del Tesoro de los Estados Unidos. La termoforesis (también denominada termomigración, termodifusión, efecto Soret, o efecto Ludwig-Soret) es un fenómeno observado en mezclas de partículas móviles, cuando diferentes tipos de partículas exhiben distintas respuestas ante la presencia de un gradiente térmico. Esta técnica no es practica para trabajar a gran escala y apenas fue empleada pasando a realizarse la separación de isótopos de uranio por difusión gaseosa o lo que es lo mismo mediante el uso de centrifugadoras. La difusión gaseosa fue una de las varias tecnologías para la separación de isótopos de uranio desarrolladas por parte del Proyecto Manhattan para producir uranio enriquecido forzando que el hexafluoruro de uranio (único compuesto del uranio gaseoso) atraviese membranas semi-permeables. Esto produce una ligerísima separación entre las moléculas que contienen uranio-235 y uranio-238. Mediante el uso de una gran cascada de muchos pasos, se pueden conseguir grandes separaciones. Los edificios de proceso construidos para albergar estas máquinas en cascada fueron en su momento los más grandes jamás construidos, hablamos de 600 etapas en una larga estructura en forma de U de 800 metros de longitud, que contenía 54 edificios contiguos. La preparación de la materia a tratar, el hexafluoruro de uranio (conocido en el mercado como hex ) fue la primera aplicación para el fluoruro producida comercialmente, y los problemas generados por el manejo tanto del fluoruro como del hex como gases corrosivos fueron significativos. El proyecto Manhattan se llama así porque la oficina que escogió el jefe de ingenieros militar se ubico en el 18.º del 270 Broadway en Nueva York. Además estaba cerca de la oficina en Manhattan de Stone & Webster, el principal contratista del proyecto…así que se quedó con ese nombre. El mando militar corrió a cargo del general Groves y el mando científico ya saben de J. Robert Oppenheimer, apodado el padre de la bomba. En 1944 se adquirió 560 000 kg de mineral de óxido de uranio a compañías que explotaban minas en el Congo Belga. Para poder evitar informar al Secretario del Tesoro estadounidense Henry Morgenthau Jr. sobre el proyecto, utilizaron una cuenta bancaria especial no sujeta a las habituales auditorías y controles por los que tenían que pasar este tipo de fondos. Entre 1944 y el momento en el que dimitió del Fondo en 1947, Groves depositó un total de 37,5 millones de dólares en la cuenta del Fondo. La minería de uranio en Colorado producía alrededor de unas 700 toneladas de uranio al año. Realmente utilizaron los tres procesos encadenados, primero producían uranio enriquecido del 0,71 % hasta el 0,89 % en la planta S-50 de termoforesis que pasó a ser la primera etapa. Este material se usaba en el proceso de difusión gaseosa en la planta K-25, produciendo un producto enriquecido hasta un 23 % que a su vez alimentaba a la planta Y-12 con los calutrones, llegando allí hasta al 89 %, lo suficiente para las armas nucleares. Decir que la planta con los calutrones estuvo en un principio siendo operada por científicos de Berkeley para eliminar fallos y conseguir un índice operacional razonable. Pero fueron finalmente sustituidos por operadoras formadas por Tennessee Eastman (la Kodak) que solo habían recibido una educación secundaria. Cuando compararon los datos vieron que las lugareñas producían mucho mas uranio que los doctorados. A fecha de julio de 1945 se habían entregado alrededor de unos 50 kg de uranio enriquecido hasta un 89 % de uranio-235 en Los Álamos. Estos 50 kg al completo, junto con uranio adicional enriquecido al 50 %, dio un promedio resultante de uranio enriquecido al 85 %, que fueron utilizados en la bomba Little Boy. O sea unos 100kg de U235 al 85%. El uranio natural se compone principalmente de uranio-238 (U-238), que no es fisible, y uranio-235 (U-235), que es fisible. Para producir 100 kg de U-235 enriquecido al 85%, primero debemos determinar la cantidad de uranio natural requerida y luego calcular la cantidad de UF6 necesaria para alcanzar ese enriquecimiento. La relación entre el peso atómico del U-235 y el U-238 es aproximadamente 0.72. Por lo tanto, necesitamos 14.285 kg de uranio normal para obtener 100 kg de uranio enriquecido al 100% y 12.142 kg para que este solo al 85%. En 12 gramos de uranio normal hay 3*10²³ átomos y en todos esos kilos hay una cifra enorme aproximada de 3 x 10^25 átomos de uranio. El UF6 se utiliza para enriquecer uranio, y en el proceso, se convierte todo el uranio (tanto el U-235 como el U-238) en UF6. Por lo tanto, necesitamos 6 átomos de flúor por uno de uranio, o sea 18 x 10^25 átomos de flúor. Lo que equivale a unas 50 toneladas de flúor de las que nunca mas se supo. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Invitados: …. Dra Yane #JusticiaParaUTP Médico y Buscadora de la verdad. Con Dios siempre! No permito q me dividan c/izq -derecha, raza, religión ni nada de la Creación. https://youtu.be/TXEEZUYd4c0 …. UTP Ramón Valero @tecn_preocupado Un técnico Preocupado un FP2 IVOOX UTP http://cutt.ly/dzhhGrf BLOG http://cutt.ly/dzhh2LX CANALES TELEGRAM Promocional donde hacemos los directos https://t.me/UnTecnicoPreocupado Abierto para comentarios https://t.me/MiVidaMiOxigeno Ayúdame desde mi Crowfunding aquí https://cutt.ly/W0DsPVq ………………………………………………………………………………………. Enlaces citados en el podcast: !LA LECHE¡ FLÚOR EN LA LECHE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/10/03/la-leche-fluor-en-la-leche/ Compañias proyecto Manhattan en el libro “Descubrimientos: Innovación y tecnología siglos XX y XXI” De José Manuel Sánchez Ron https://books.google.es/books?id=qt-hIQrbNSkC&pg=PA108&lpg=PA108&dq=compa%C3%B1ias+proyecto+Manhattan+General+Electric&source=bl&ots=TEYYZZR26s&sig=vIiRUxpH4XqtJ-3u0caXw56K7Fs&hl=es&sa=X&ei=3kQdVKz3DpKd7gaisoD4Cw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=compa%C3%B1ias%20proyecto%20Manhattan%20General%20Electric&f=false LA CONSPIRACIÓN DEL FLUORURO https://detenganlavacuna.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/conspiracion-fluor/ Nexo entre la industria nuclear y la peste del siglo xxi: El cáncer https://www.burbuja.info/inmobiliaria/threads/n-exo-entre-la-industria-nuclear-y-la-peste-del-siglo-xxi-el-cancer.356104/# Las empresas del amianto y el encubrimiento empresarial https://www.lawsuit-information-center.com/asbestos-corporate-cover-up.html Dust diseases and the legacy of corporate manipulation of science and law https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090870/ Harold Hodge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Hodge Roholm, Kaj. "Intoxicación por flúor: un estudio clínico e higiénico, con revisión de la literatura y algunas investigaciones experimentales". 1937. https://archive.org/details/FluorineIntoxication/mode/2up The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War https://web.archive.org/web/20110810032922/http://www.fluoridealert.org/p-files.htm “The Plutonium Files”. Las filtraciones de los experimentos médicos del Proyecto Manhattan https://kurioso.es/2011/01/17/%E2%80%9Cthe-plutonium-files%E2%80%9D-las-filtraciones-de-los-experimentos-medicos-del-proyecto-manhattan/ Pres. Clinton's Remarks on Human Radiation Experiments (1995) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StId27Dmx78 Luis Hempelmann https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Hempelmann Artículos científicos sobre el uso inadecuado de fluoroscopios para medir el tamaño del pie a niños y bebes https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18139719/ Radiation Exposures from the Use of Shoe-Fitting Fluoroscopes https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM194909012410903 Diez protagonistas para entender el ‘caso Alcoa’ https://www.laopinioncoruna.es/economia/2021/03/07/diez-protagonistas-entender-caso-alcoa-39193998.html ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/20/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto/ ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO SEGUNDA PARTE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/21/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto-segunda-parte/ ¿QUIERES SEGUIR FUMANDO? PUES NO LEAS ESTO TERCERA PARTE https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/09/22/quieres-seguir-fumando-pues-no-leas-esto-tercera-parte/ 23 NUEVO desORDEN MUNDIAL (El FLUOR es MATARRATAS ) (Lista de aguas fluoradas) https://www.ivoox.com/23-nuevo-desorden-mundial-el-fluor-es-matarratas-audios-mp3_rf_2998013_1.html BIOTERRORISMO; MEDICAMENTOS Y VACUNAS https://nuevodesordenmundial.com/?page_id=105 SAL YODADA, LO QUE NADIE TE CONTO https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2014/12/15/sal-yodada-lo-que-nadie-te-conto/ AGUA Y OTROS VENENOS COTIDIANOS Y CÓMO EVITARLOS (articulo en blog) https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2019/12/16/venenos-cotidianos-y-como-evitarlos/ UTP76 Agua y otros venenos cotidianos (audio en Ivoox) https://www.ivoox.com/utp76-agua-otros-venenos-cotidianos-audios-mp3_rf_45571703_1.html TODO LO QUE TIENES QUE SABER PARA EMPEZAR LA GUERRA CONTRA LA GEOINGENIERÍA (lluvia de peces) https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2022/12/22/todo-lo-que-tienes-que-saber-para-empezar-la-guerra-contra-la-geoingenieria/ UTP 44 Los piratas somalies y los depósitos radiactivos que provocaban cáncer https://www.ivoox.com/utp-44-los-piratas-somalies-depositos-audios-mp3_rf_32634697_1.html El Engaño Del Flúor (video documental sobre el libro del mismo nombre) https://archive.org/details/el-engano-del-fluor Papers sobre daños del flúor https://web.archive.org/web/20120325012242/http://www.fluoridationfacts.com/science/papers/papers_index.htm CUATRO ESTUDIOS QUE DEMUESTRAN QUE AGREGAR FLUORURO AL AGUA POTABLE PONE EN PELIGRO INNECESARIAMENTE EL CEREBRO DE LOS NIÑOS https://fluoridealert.org/articles/four-studies/ LUKE (2001): DEPOSICIÓN DE FLUORURO EN LA GLÁNDULA PINEAL HUMANA ENVEJECIDA https://fluoridealert.org/studies/luke-2001/ Estudio sobre el flúor en España citado por la Dra Yane https://twitter.com/ayec98_2/status/1719392296842510633 Articles of Interest - Fluoride & the Brain: FAN's Translation Project: Chinese Research on Fluoride's Neurotoxicity https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/translations/complete_archive/ Pagina en web archive por si se pierde https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/chinese/index.html New Evidence on Fluoride & the Developing Brain - FAN, January 17, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoridealert.org/2007research/01.html Excerpts from NRC Report - FAN, March 28, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoridealert.org/health/epa/nrc/excerpts.html Yet more research on fluoride and the brain - FAN Science Watch June 25, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/news/12.html Fluoride's effects on the brain - Ellen Connett, Director, Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project, April 19, 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/nrc.brain.april.2004.htm Fluoride Linked to Low IQ, Studies Show - Fluoride Action Network August 25, 2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/news/1655.html In Harm's Way: Toxic Threats to Child Development Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility May 2000 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/psr.html On the Neurotoxicity of Fluoride Phyllis Mullenix, Ph.D., September 14, 1998 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/pmullenix.htm Fluoride & The Brain: An Interview with Dr. Phyllis Mullenix Interview by Paul Connett, PhD, October 18, 1997 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/mullenix-interview.htm Fluoride & the Pineal Gland IFIN Bulletin, March 2001 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/IFIN-269.htm Rat Studies Link Brain Cell Damage With Aluminum and Fluoride in Water Wall Street Journal October 28, 1992 https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/wsj-isaacson.htm Available Full-Text Papers Online - Fluoride & the Brain: (back to top) FAN's Translation Project: Chinese Research on Fluoride's Neurotoxicity https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/chinese/index.html FULL-TEXT (pdf): Xiang Q, et al. (2003). Effect of fluoride in drinking water on children's intelligence. Fluoride 36: 84-94. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://fluoride-journal.com/03-36-2/362-084.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Lu Y, et al (2000). Effect of high-fluoride water on intelligence of children. Fluoride 33:74-78. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoride-journal.com/00-33-2/332-74.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Varner JA, et al. (1998). Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride and sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Research 784: 284-298. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/varner-1998.pdf FULL-TEXT (pdf): Mullenix P, et al. (1995).Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17:169-177. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/mullenix1995.pdf FULL-TEXT (html): Lin Fa-Fu; et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine Deficiency Disorder Newsletter Vol. 7. No. 3. (August). https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120105/http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/brain/idd.html 1300 artículos sobre toxicidad de los fluoruros publicados en PUBMED https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%22Fluorides%2Ftoxicity%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc Proyecto Manhattan https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proyecto_Manhattan Valor del proyecto https://fxtop.com/es/calculadora-de-inflacion.php?A=2000000000&C1=USD&INDICE=USCPI31011913&DD1=01&MM1=01&YYYY1=1942&DD2=30&MM2=10&YYYY2=2023&btnOK=Calcular+equivalente ……………………………………………………………….. Música utilizada en este podcast: Tema inicial Heros DERRIBOS ARIAS - a fluor https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjOFFIM6dnM Radioactive (Spanish Cover) - Dani Ride https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkxyd6WSu48 Rescate - El Veneno (Sinfónico) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PLrFIb402o El Otro Yo - Caries https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdWLWpiDUEA La Mare - Sal, Arena y Mar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A3W7J_FMCsU ……………………………………………………………….. Epílogo Alonso del Rio - Abrete Corazon https://youtu.be/mOOuivbwijY?feature=shared
From August 11, 2020: Academy Award-nominated Actor James Cromwell visited the show for a chat about his movie Emperor.JAMES CROMWELL BIOJames Cromwell earned an Academy Award nomination for his performance as Farmer Hoggett in the international smash BABE, and reprised his role in the hit sequel, BABE: PIG IN THE CITY. In 2018, he appeared notably in the Steven Spielberg/Universal blockbuster JURASSIC WORLD: ANCIENT FUTURES. He recently appeared opposite Meryl Streep in THE LAUNDROMAT for Steven Soderbergh, and will be seen in the period drama EMPEROR alongside Bruce Dern and Ben Robson. Cromwell appeared in THE PROMISE alongside Oscar Isaac and Christian Bale, and in MARSHALL alongside Chadwick Boseman and Sterling K. Brown, with other films including the Academy Award-winning THE ARTIST football dramedy THE LONGEST YARD opposite Adam Sandler, I, ROBOT alongside Will Smith, Oscar-nominated features THE GREEN MILE (Frank Darabont), THE QUEEN (Stephen rears), SECRETARIAT (Gary Ross), SPIDERMAN III (Sam Raimi), and LA CONFIDENTIAL (Curtis Hanson) among many others. Cromwell starred in STILL MINE opposite Genevieve Bujold (Toronto Film Festival Premiere / Top Ten Canadian Films of 2012), winning the Best Actor Award at the 2013 Canadian Film Awards, a Genie Award, and the Best Actor Award at the Seattle International Film Festival for his performance.Cromwell won a 2013 Emmy Award for his turn opposite Jessica Lange and Lily Rabe on American Horror Story: Asylum. He currently recurs on HBO's Succession opposite Brian Cox, was just seen in two very different season-long arcs concurrently: on Epix's Berlin Station opposite Richard Jenkins and on Starz' Counterpart opposite J K Simmons. He earlier starred opposite Lee Pace on AMC's Halt & Catch Fire, in HBO miniseries The Young Pope opposite Jude Law and Diane Keaton, and continues his recurring role in the TBS comedy The Detour playing Jason Jones' mysterious, wily father-in-law. He played erudite defense attorney Warren Daniels on the TNT/Steven Bochco series Murder in the First, Andrew Mellon on HBO's Boardwalk Empire, starred on the ABC series Betrayal as billionaire industrialist Thatcher Karsten, and appeared on the Fox series 24 as Jack Bauer's father Phillip Bauer. He earned multiple Emmy Award nominations for his work on the HBO original series Six Feet Under, the HBO movie RKO 281, and the NBC drama ER. His body of work encompasses dozens of miniseries and MOWs, including TNT's A Slight Case of Murder, HBO's Angels in America, West Wing, Picket Fences, Home Improvement, L.A. Law, and Star Trek: The Next Generation.Born in Los Angeles, Cromwell grew up in New York and Waterford, Connecticut, and studied at Carnegie Mellon University (then Carnegie Tech). His father, John Cromwell, an acclaimed actor and director, was one of the first presidents of the Screen Directors Guild. His mother, Kay Johnson, was a stage and film actress.
Rabadam Ching!! The Cannabis series has come to its final chapter, what was meant as a shortstory became a book. And as you can see from the ep-cover I've madly let go of any restraints. We are going after them, the anti-hemp Hitlerists of America! This is a thread description. First we make some final comments about Butler and the Marines. Who paid the veterans, was it a false flag, what was the purpose and why did Smedley become pen pal with Edgar Hoover? We look to Gramsci and his writings on the Gendarme Night-watchman state for answers. Then we establish some ground work with the history of the trust to end all trusts, the Guaranty. Tracing the steps of "the friends of Morgan" and American European banking developments after Napoleon brings about shady marijuana business in Japan and the Black Eagle Banner. We study the futility of various commissions to hold these so called Merchants of Death responsible. And ask if these white old mens sons prosecution work at the OSS might have had something to do with it. Which is hard to answer as they bought up the investigative press. Thus we resort to 30s and 40s analysis by the Comintern and also the Fourth International to create a definition of international fascism and its temporary solutions to overproduction. Piece by piece the interregnum of Natural vs Synthetic agriculture starts to take shape. I put Andrew Mellon on trial and look at the history of his nephew Anslinger as he went from a railroad snitch to a German speaking spy with mysterious ties to the Kaiser Wilhelm. When I finally dived down in to DOS documents and his personal files all became clear. I debunk the debunkers on the swindling of Hearst and cite Parenti. In a roundabout way the story of the MTA of 37 will explain the contemporary debacle in the Ukraine and paper straws as it will open wide the gate for what is to come i.e the GMO research of the Third Reich. This is just some of the nuggets, since never before has so many threads come together in a single episode. Massive thanks to all of you who has been with me on this journey! The length demands relabelling the titles so don't be confused, but most importantly please have fun ! Music: Mando Diao - Rabadam Ching Jang Hyun - Please Wait Experience and Beyond -Reimagined Version of Experience by Ludovico Einaudi "Beginning To End" Hendyamps Studios - Cello by Aimee Norris Pure Intonation Ambient Oud Music Red Sand - Wind 2023 - Naochika Sogabe Steppenwolf - The Pusher -VINYL- Machinata -Industrial- Dark- Ambient- Experimental Void Stasis - Clockwork Thåström - Sluta när jag vill
Thank you so much for listening to the Bob Harden Show, celebrating 12 years broadcasting on the internet! On Monday's show, we visit with Marc Schulman, the Founder and Publisher of HistoryCentral.com, about current global events including developments in Israel, Ukraine, China, and Pakistan. We visit with President Emeritus of the Foundation for Economic Education Larry Reed about the contributions of Andrew Mellon as our greatest Secretary of the Treasury. We also discuss the issues affecting the Presidential primaries with author and former Barron's Washington Bureau Chief, Jim McTague. Please join us for Tuesday's show. We have terrific guests including our State Senate President Kathleen Passidomo, President of Less Government Seton Motley, Boo Mortenson, and Linda Harden. Please access this or past shows at your convenience on my web site, social media platforms or podcast platforms.
Located in Pittsburgh, PA, Carnegie Mellon is a medium size institution home to about 7300 undergraduate students. In 2022, CMU accepted about 11 % of the applicant pool. The best way to learn about Carnegie Mellon is to tell the TALES of its founders: Born in 1835 in Scotland, Andrew Carnegie immigrated to the US in 1848. According to Wikipedia - by the 1860s Carnegie had investments in railroads, railroad sleeping cars, bridges and oil derricks. He built Carnegie Steel Company which he later sold to JP Morgan in 1901 for 480 million dollars. With this sale, Andrew Carnegie surpassed Rockefeller as the richest man in America. He spent the remainder of his life as a philanthropist – and built Carnegie Hall, Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, and of course, Carnegie Mellon University, first formed as Carnegie Institute of Technology. Richard B. Mellon assumed the presidency of Mellon bank, after his brother, Andrew Mellon was appointed Treasury Secretary. Richard's prior experience included President of Pittsburgh Reduction Company and he was invested in the city's Coal Company. Richard and his brother Andrew made several large donations to their alma mater, University of Pittsburgh, including a large sum to create the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, founded in 1913. In 1967 the Carnegie Institute of Technology and Mellon Institute of Industrial Research merged to form Carnegie Mellon University. Given the backgrounds of the two men, it is no wonder that the College of Engineering is consistently ranked in the top 10 in the US and US News and World Report has the Tepper School of Business ranked as #6 this year. If you are looking for top engineering and/or business programs, CMU offers a quality education and a rich city in which to take what you learn in the classroom and apply it in a work experience. There are TWO more cool things about CMU: First, the campus is covered in red circles that line the sidewalk at CMU. Like golden stars on Hollywood Blvd, Carnegie Mellon proudly boasts : 114 Emmy Award Winners, 43 Tony Award laureates, 9 Academy Award Winners Please NOTE: You MUST audition for the School of Drama and School of Music – your admission to the college 80% audition and 20% academic. Second, they have an annual spring carnival. Students build incredibly colorful, innovative, and imaginative booths and super fun competitions that only the creative minds CMU students could create. The best part of this tradition is that school shuts down for three full days so everyone can enjoy the fun. This tells me that the college understands that college is not just about academics, but rather it is also about fun and memory making. When a college recognizes that students are rejuvenated by innovation, creation, imagination, and relaxation – they are better equipped to push through the home stretch of the school year. Click to Watch Video Click to Read Blog FREE: Download 10 Sample Essays FREE: Watch Mini College Essay Training Book a Call with Dr. C Visit the website
George Hall is a professor of economics at Brandeis University, and was formerly an economist at the Chicago Federal Reserve Bank. In this bonus segment from the previous conversation, George rejoins the podcast to talk about how the US handled the surge in debt resulting from World War II, how COVID changed government financing, his thoughts on the debt ceiling crisis, and more. Transcript for the episode can be found here. George's Twitter: @George_J_Hall George's Brandeis profile David Beckworth's Twitter: @DavidBeckworth Follow us on Twitter: @Macro_Musings Click here for the latest Macro Musings episodes sent straight to your inbox! Check out our new Macro Musings merch here! Related Links: *Brief History of US Debt Limits Before 1939* by George Hall and Thomas Sargent *Financing Big US Federal Expenditures Surges: COVID-19 and Earlier US Wars* by George Hall and Thomas Sargent *Debt and Taxes in Eight U.S. Wars and Two Insurrections* by George Hall and Thomas Sargent
John Warner IV is the son of former US Senator John Warner III who was also Secretary of the Navy during the Gerald Ford Administration. His mother was Catherine Mellon whose grandfather was the famed banker and philanthropist, Andrew Mellon. John Warner spent a lot of time traveling with his father and got to meet many VIPs and see many things that gives him special insights into the truth about UFOs, extraterrestrial life and secret space programs. In his first Exopolitics Today interview, Warner discusses his unique background and shared his insights UFOs, reverse engineered extraterrestrial spacecraft, the US Navy's secret space program, President Kennedy's knowledge of classified UFO projects, manufactured alien threats, different groups of extraterrestrials historically involved in human affairs. John Warner's website is: https://www.johnwwarnerivauthor.com/ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/exopolitics/support
Sarah Quesada dedicó casi una década a la investigación y redacción de The African Heritage of Latinx and Caribbean Literature (Cambridge UP, 2022), ahora responde con humor y sencillez preguntas sobre cómo encaja este libro en el campo de los estudios trasatlánticos, o más bien cómo intenta cambiarlos. Para ella no puede haber verdaderos estudios de Latinoamérica o la latinidad sin reconocer, estudiar y difundir la importancia de la diáspora africana en la conformación de las identidades culturales contemporáneas de las Américas. Nuestra conversación se mueve desde “La muerte bocarriba” de Julio Cortázar hasta los problemas de casting racista que enfrentó la actriz cubanoamericana Gina Torres (https://www.suggest.com/gina-torres-reveals-why-she-felt-trapped-latina-woman-early-career/2671471/), pasando por el uso subversivo de plataformas neoliberales de comercialización de la memoria histórica. La entrevista es así de amplia porque a Sarah Quesada le molestan el facilismo investigativo y el racismo estructural. Una de las partes que más atrevidas del texto es su discusión de la etiqueta “latinidad” y su rechazo eurocéntrico a reconocer el aporte cultural de las poblaciones africanas y afrodescendientes en América Latina. En cambio, Quesada afirma que los estudios de la ficción latinx tienen mucho que ganar de los análisis comparativos con los archivos de la colonización africana y la ficción producida en el continente. Porque revela cómo la conexión afrolatina se mueve en ambas direcciones. Todo su libro es un ejercicio consciente de disrupción epistemológica: busca romper con la expectativa de una presentación histórica lineal y teleológica de la mayor parte quienes la leemos o escuchamos. Con la puesta en función de conceptos como la “retrodicción” de Paul Ricoeur (27) y una mirada crítica a lo que clasifica, o no, como documento histórico, su premisa es “que las conexiones afrolatinoamericanas en cuerpos literarios pueden funcionar como memoriales textuales de una herencia africana por largo tiempo descuidada.” (21) El resultado es un libro ameno, que se siente como una mirada en reverso a la historia y obliga a repensar las conexiones entre América Latina, la comunidad latina en Estados Unidos y África en los últimos dos siglos. Sarah Quesada (https://sarahquesada.com/, twitter: @SarahmQuesada) es profesora asistente en el departamento de Estudios Romances de Duke University. Antes de unirse a Duke, fue profesora asistente de inglés y estudios latinx en la Universidad de Notre Dame, investigadora postdoctoral en Estudios Latina/Latino en la Universidad de Illinois Urbana-Champaign y recibió una beca de la Fundación Andrew Mellon de apoyo a disertaciones doctorales. Sus intereses de investigación principales son las literaturas del Sur Global, específicamente latinx, latinoamericana y africana. Trabaja en la intersección de estudios atlánticos, estudios de la diáspora africana y literatura del mundo. Su foco comparativo también incluye en trabajo de archivo y de campo. Ha pasado tiempo en Francia y sus departamentos de ultramar, específicamente Guinea francesa, así como en Brasil, Benín, Senegal, Cuba y República Dominicana. Su investigación involucra entrevistas a “sujetos humanos” principalmente a lo largo de la Ruta del Esclavo de la UNESCO en África, y consulta de archivos coloniales a lo largo del mundo atlántico. Entrevista a cargo de Yasmín Portales-Machado escritora de ciencia ficción, activista LGBTQ, curiosa sobre las relaciones entre consumo cultural y política en Cuba. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Sarah Quesada dedicó casi una década a la investigación y redacción de The African Heritage of Latinx and Caribbean Literature (Cambridge UP, 2022), ahora responde con humor y sencillez preguntas sobre cómo encaja este libro en el campo de los estudios trasatlánticos, o más bien cómo intenta cambiarlos. Para ella no puede haber verdaderos estudios de Latinoamérica o la latinidad sin reconocer, estudiar y difundir la importancia de la diáspora africana en la conformación de las identidades culturales contemporáneas de las Américas. Nuestra conversación se mueve desde “La muerte bocarriba” de Julio Cortázar hasta los problemas de casting racista que enfrentó la actriz cubanoamericana Gina Torres (https://www.suggest.com/gina-torres-reveals-why-she-felt-trapped-latina-woman-early-career/2671471/), pasando por el uso subversivo de plataformas neoliberales de comercialización de la memoria histórica. La entrevista es así de amplia porque a Sarah Quesada le molestan el facilismo investigativo y el racismo estructural. Una de las partes que más atrevidas del texto es su discusión de la etiqueta “latinidad” y su rechazo eurocéntrico a reconocer el aporte cultural de las poblaciones africanas y afrodescendientes en América Latina. En cambio, Quesada afirma que los estudios de la ficción latinx tienen mucho que ganar de los análisis comparativos con los archivos de la colonización africana y la ficción producida en el continente. Porque revela cómo la conexión afrolatina se mueve en ambas direcciones. Todo su libro es un ejercicio consciente de disrupción epistemológica: busca romper con la expectativa de una presentación histórica lineal y teleológica de la mayor parte quienes la leemos o escuchamos. Con la puesta en función de conceptos como la “retrodicción” de Paul Ricoeur (27) y una mirada crítica a lo que clasifica, o no, como documento histórico, su premisa es “que las conexiones afrolatinoamericanas en cuerpos literarios pueden funcionar como memoriales textuales de una herencia africana por largo tiempo descuidada.” (21) El resultado es un libro ameno, que se siente como una mirada en reverso a la historia y obliga a repensar las conexiones entre América Latina, la comunidad latina en Estados Unidos y África en los últimos dos siglos. Sarah Quesada (https://sarahquesada.com/, twitter: @SarahmQuesada) es profesora asistente en el departamento de Estudios Romances de Duke University. Antes de unirse a Duke, fue profesora asistente de inglés y estudios latinx en la Universidad de Notre Dame, investigadora postdoctoral en Estudios Latina/Latino en la Universidad de Illinois Urbana-Champaign y recibió una beca de la Fundación Andrew Mellon de apoyo a disertaciones doctorales. Sus intereses de investigación principales son las literaturas del Sur Global, específicamente latinx, latinoamericana y africana. Trabaja en la intersección de estudios atlánticos, estudios de la diáspora africana y literatura del mundo. Su foco comparativo también incluye en trabajo de archivo y de campo. Ha pasado tiempo en Francia y sus departamentos de ultramar, específicamente Guinea francesa, así como en Brasil, Benín, Senegal, Cuba y República Dominicana. Su investigación involucra entrevistas a “sujetos humanos” principalmente a lo largo de la Ruta del Esclavo de la UNESCO en África, y consulta de archivos coloniales a lo largo del mundo atlántico. Entrevista a cargo de Yasmín Portales-Machado escritora de ciencia ficción, activista LGBTQ, curiosa sobre las relaciones entre consumo cultural y política en Cuba. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Sarah Quesada dedicó casi una década a la investigación y redacción de The African Heritage of Latinx and Caribbean Literature (Cambridge UP, 2022), ahora responde con humor y sencillez preguntas sobre cómo encaja este libro en el campo de los estudios trasatlánticos, o más bien cómo intenta cambiarlos. Para ella no puede haber verdaderos estudios de Latinoamérica o la latinidad sin reconocer, estudiar y difundir la importancia de la diáspora africana en la conformación de las identidades culturales contemporáneas de las Américas. Nuestra conversación se mueve desde “La muerte bocarriba” de Julio Cortázar hasta los problemas de casting racista que enfrentó la actriz cubanoamericana Gina Torres (https://www.suggest.com/gina-torres-reveals-why-she-felt-trapped-latina-woman-early-career/2671471/), pasando por el uso subversivo de plataformas neoliberales de comercialización de la memoria histórica. La entrevista es así de amplia porque a Sarah Quesada le molestan el facilismo investigativo y el racismo estructural. Una de las partes que más atrevidas del texto es su discusión de la etiqueta “latinidad” y su rechazo eurocéntrico a reconocer el aporte cultural de las poblaciones africanas y afrodescendientes en América Latina. En cambio, Quesada afirma que los estudios de la ficción latinx tienen mucho que ganar de los análisis comparativos con los archivos de la colonización africana y la ficción producida en el continente. Porque revela cómo la conexión afrolatina se mueve en ambas direcciones. Todo su libro es un ejercicio consciente de disrupción epistemológica: busca romper con la expectativa de una presentación histórica lineal y teleológica de la mayor parte quienes la leemos o escuchamos. Con la puesta en función de conceptos como la “retrodicción” de Paul Ricoeur (27) y una mirada crítica a lo que clasifica, o no, como documento histórico, su premisa es “que las conexiones afrolatinoamericanas en cuerpos literarios pueden funcionar como memoriales textuales de una herencia africana por largo tiempo descuidada.” (21) El resultado es un libro ameno, que se siente como una mirada en reverso a la historia y obliga a repensar las conexiones entre América Latina, la comunidad latina en Estados Unidos y África en los últimos dos siglos. Sarah Quesada (https://sarahquesada.com/, twitter: @SarahmQuesada) es profesora asistente en el departamento de Estudios Romances de Duke University. Antes de unirse a Duke, fue profesora asistente de inglés y estudios latinx en la Universidad de Notre Dame, investigadora postdoctoral en Estudios Latina/Latino en la Universidad de Illinois Urbana-Champaign y recibió una beca de la Fundación Andrew Mellon de apoyo a disertaciones doctorales. Sus intereses de investigación principales son las literaturas del Sur Global, específicamente latinx, latinoamericana y africana. Trabaja en la intersección de estudios atlánticos, estudios de la diáspora africana y literatura del mundo. Su foco comparativo también incluye en trabajo de archivo y de campo. Ha pasado tiempo en Francia y sus departamentos de ultramar, específicamente Guinea francesa, así como en Brasil, Benín, Senegal, Cuba y República Dominicana. Su investigación involucra entrevistas a “sujetos humanos” principalmente a lo largo de la Ruta del Esclavo de la UNESCO en África, y consulta de archivos coloniales a lo largo del mundo atlántico. Entrevista a cargo de Yasmín Portales-Machado escritora de ciencia ficción, activista LGBTQ, curiosa sobre las relaciones entre consumo cultural y política en Cuba. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Sarah Quesada dedicó casi una década a la investigación y redacción de The African Heritage of Latinx and Caribbean Literature (Cambridge UP, 2022), ahora responde con humor y sencillez preguntas sobre cómo encaja este libro en el campo de los estudios trasatlánticos, o más bien cómo intenta cambiarlos. Para ella no puede haber verdaderos estudios de Latinoamérica o la latinidad sin reconocer, estudiar y difundir la importancia de la diáspora africana en la conformación de las identidades culturales contemporáneas de las Américas. Nuestra conversación se mueve desde “La muerte bocarriba” de Julio Cortázar hasta los problemas de casting racista que enfrentó la actriz cubanoamericana Gina Torres (https://www.suggest.com/gina-torres-reveals-why-she-felt-trapped-latina-woman-early-career/2671471/), pasando por el uso subversivo de plataformas neoliberales de comercialización de la memoria histórica. La entrevista es así de amplia porque a Sarah Quesada le molestan el facilismo investigativo y el racismo estructural. Una de las partes que más atrevidas del texto es su discusión de la etiqueta “latinidad” y su rechazo eurocéntrico a reconocer el aporte cultural de las poblaciones africanas y afrodescendientes en América Latina. En cambio, Quesada afirma que los estudios de la ficción latinx tienen mucho que ganar de los análisis comparativos con los archivos de la colonización africana y la ficción producida en el continente. Porque revela cómo la conexión afrolatina se mueve en ambas direcciones. Todo su libro es un ejercicio consciente de disrupción epistemológica: busca romper con la expectativa de una presentación histórica lineal y teleológica de la mayor parte quienes la leemos o escuchamos. Con la puesta en función de conceptos como la “retrodicción” de Paul Ricoeur (27) y una mirada crítica a lo que clasifica, o no, como documento histórico, su premisa es “que las conexiones afrolatinoamericanas en cuerpos literarios pueden funcionar como memoriales textuales de una herencia africana por largo tiempo descuidada.” (21) El resultado es un libro ameno, que se siente como una mirada en reverso a la historia y obliga a repensar las conexiones entre América Latina, la comunidad latina en Estados Unidos y África en los últimos dos siglos. Sarah Quesada (https://sarahquesada.com/, twitter: @SarahmQuesada) es profesora asistente en el departamento de Estudios Romances de Duke University. Antes de unirse a Duke, fue profesora asistente de inglés y estudios latinx en la Universidad de Notre Dame, investigadora postdoctoral en Estudios Latina/Latino en la Universidad de Illinois Urbana-Champaign y recibió una beca de la Fundación Andrew Mellon de apoyo a disertaciones doctorales. Sus intereses de investigación principales son las literaturas del Sur Global, específicamente latinx, latinoamericana y africana. Trabaja en la intersección de estudios atlánticos, estudios de la diáspora africana y literatura del mundo. Su foco comparativo también incluye en trabajo de archivo y de campo. Ha pasado tiempo en Francia y sus departamentos de ultramar, específicamente Guinea francesa, así como en Brasil, Benín, Senegal, Cuba y República Dominicana. Su investigación involucra entrevistas a “sujetos humanos” principalmente a lo largo de la Ruta del Esclavo de la UNESCO en África, y consulta de archivos coloniales a lo largo del mundo atlántico. Entrevista a cargo de Yasmín Portales-Machado escritora de ciencia ficción, activista LGBTQ, curiosa sobre las relaciones entre consumo cultural y política en Cuba. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Sarah Quesada dedicó casi una década a la investigación y redacción de The African Heritage of Latinx and Caribbean Literature (Cambridge UP, 2022), ahora responde con humor y sencillez preguntas sobre cómo encaja este libro en el campo de los estudios trasatlánticos, o más bien cómo intenta cambiarlos. Para ella no puede haber verdaderos estudios de Latinoamérica o la latinidad sin reconocer, estudiar y difundir la importancia de la diáspora africana en la conformación de las identidades culturales contemporáneas de las Américas. Nuestra conversación se mueve desde “La muerte bocarriba” de Julio Cortázar hasta los problemas de casting racista que enfrentó la actriz cubanoamericana Gina Torres (https://www.suggest.com/gina-torres-reveals-why-she-felt-trapped-latina-woman-early-career/2671471/), pasando por el uso subversivo de plataformas neoliberales de comercialización de la memoria histórica. La entrevista es así de amplia porque a Sarah Quesada le molestan el facilismo investigativo y el racismo estructural. Una de las partes que más atrevidas del texto es su discusión de la etiqueta “latinidad” y su rechazo eurocéntrico a reconocer el aporte cultural de las poblaciones africanas y afrodescendientes en América Latina. En cambio, Quesada afirma que los estudios de la ficción latinx tienen mucho que ganar de los análisis comparativos con los archivos de la colonización africana y la ficción producida en el continente. Porque revela cómo la conexión afrolatina se mueve en ambas direcciones. Todo su libro es un ejercicio consciente de disrupción epistemológica: busca romper con la expectativa de una presentación histórica lineal y teleológica de la mayor parte quienes la leemos o escuchamos. Con la puesta en función de conceptos como la “retrodicción” de Paul Ricoeur (27) y una mirada crítica a lo que clasifica, o no, como documento histórico, su premisa es “que las conexiones afrolatinoamericanas en cuerpos literarios pueden funcionar como memoriales textuales de una herencia africana por largo tiempo descuidada.” (21) El resultado es un libro ameno, que se siente como una mirada en reverso a la historia y obliga a repensar las conexiones entre América Latina, la comunidad latina en Estados Unidos y África en los últimos dos siglos. Sarah Quesada (https://sarahquesada.com/, twitter: @SarahmQuesada) es profesora asistente en el departamento de Estudios Romances de Duke University. Antes de unirse a Duke, fue profesora asistente de inglés y estudios latinx en la Universidad de Notre Dame, investigadora postdoctoral en Estudios Latina/Latino en la Universidad de Illinois Urbana-Champaign y recibió una beca de la Fundación Andrew Mellon de apoyo a disertaciones doctorales. Sus intereses de investigación principales son las literaturas del Sur Global, específicamente latinx, latinoamericana y africana. Trabaja en la intersección de estudios atlánticos, estudios de la diáspora africana y literatura del mundo. Su foco comparativo también incluye en trabajo de archivo y de campo. Ha pasado tiempo en Francia y sus departamentos de ultramar, específicamente Guinea francesa, así como en Brasil, Benín, Senegal, Cuba y República Dominicana. Su investigación involucra entrevistas a “sujetos humanos” principalmente a lo largo de la Ruta del Esclavo de la UNESCO en África, y consulta de archivos coloniales a lo largo del mundo atlántico. Entrevista a cargo de Yasmín Portales-Machado escritora de ciencia ficción, activista LGBTQ, curiosa sobre las relaciones entre consumo cultural y política en Cuba. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
L'invité: Romain Huret, directeur d'études à l'EHESS Le livre: Les millions de monsieur Mellon. Le capitalisme en procès aux États-Unis 1934-1941, Paris, La découverte, 2023. La discussion: Introduction (00:00) Qui était Andrew Mellon, et pourquoi s'intéresser à son procès ? (1:00) Une histoire oubliée… Sauf pour les conservateurs (4:30) Le choix de travailler la période du … Continue reading "270. Le procès d'Andrew Mellon et du capitalisme, avec Romain Huret"
Thando Njovane chairs a discussion with Rešoketšwe Manenzhe and LaToya Watkins about their debut novels Scatterlings and Perish, respectively. They reveal which authors influenced their work, contemplate the transatlantic legacy of slavery and the South African Immorality Act (1927), de-centring whiteness, inter-generational trauma, stories of mothers and daughters, and possibilities of healing. Thando Njovane is a lecturer and an Andrew Mellon early career scholar in the Department of Literary Studies in English at Rhodes University. Rešoketšwe Manenzhe is a South African villager and storyteller. Her award-winning novel Scatterlings was first published by Jacana Media in 2020. LaToya Watkins was born in Texas and received a PhD from the University of Texas at Dallas. Perish was published by Tiny Reparations Books in August 2022. In this episode we stand in solidarity with Zimbabweans Tsitsi Dangarembga and Julie Barnes. You can read more about their case here: https://pen-international.org/campaigns/day-of-the-imprisoned-writer-2022 and read PEN SA's statement on their conviction here: https://twitter.com/pen_southafrica/status/1575822947335344128 This podcast series is made possible by a grant from the U.S. Embassy in South Africa.
Észrevették a kutatók, hogy a fény képes áthaladni a fémen Rakéta 2022-10-30 10:39:19 Infotech Mint a kutatók írják, az „eredmények ellentmondanak mindennapi tapasztalatainknak és általános vélekedésünknek”. Több ezer színt tett fizetőssé az Adobe, a meglévő fájlokat is érinti a változás PCWorld 2022-10-30 07:50:33 Infotech Adobe Feketébe válthatnak a régebbi projektjeink, ha nem fizetünk az Adobenak és az érintett színek jogait birtokló Pantone-nak. Hamarosan megjelenhet a Xiaomi 12 Lite 5G NE GSMring 2022-10-30 10:04:23 Mobiltech Kína Telefon Okostelefon 5G Xiaomi A kínai vállalat hamarosan egy új okostelefont dobhat piacra Xiaomi 12 Lite 5G NE néven, ami a nemzetközi piacra is megérkezhet. Mutatjuk, hogy mit tudunk róla. A Xiaomi néhány hónapja mutatta be a Xiaomi 12 Lite 5G okostelefont, ami nem sok piacra ért el, így Magyarországon sem kapható, a pletykák szerint viszont hamarosan megérkezhet a Sikerült egyetlen optikai kábelen túlhaladni a globális internetes sávszélességet Bitport 2022-10-30 11:00:00 Infotech Dánia Sőt ahhoz képest is majdnem kétszeres sebességet értek el a dán tudósok egy új fotonikus csippel és a lézersugár különböző színekre bontásával. Minden kornak megvolt a maga rejtélyes guruló dollárja 444.hu 2022-10-30 13:22:08 Tudomány USA Horn Gyula Most a baloldal ellen nyomoznak tiltott pártfinanszírozás miatt, de guruló dollárok miatt volt már célkeresztben Josip Broz Tito, Andrew Mellon amerikai pénzügyminiszter és Horn Gyula is. Terroristák és csalók központjává válhat a metaverzum Digital Hungary 2022-10-30 14:36:00 Infotech Rendőrség Innováció Terrortámadás Újfajta kiberbűnözési technikák elterjedését, és a jelenlegi bűncselekmények nagyobb léptékben történő végrehajtását hozhatja el a metaverzum – közölte az Interpol. A Nemzetközi Rendőrségi Szervezet technológiai és innovációs ügyvezető igazgatója, Madan Oberoi szerint a szervezet tagországai egyelőre nem tudják, miként készüljenek fel a lehetséges Világító húsevő férgek gyógyították meg a katonák súlyos sebeit, angyali ragyogásnak hívják a jelenséget Promotions 2022-10-30 09:39:00 Tudomány háború Különös történetek maradtak ránk a háborúkból, de talán a legérdekesebb az angyali ragyogás története. Hamarosan illatokat is érezhetünk a metaverzumban Startlap Vásárlás 2022-10-30 10:45:48 Mobiltech egyetem Svédország Stockholm Virtuális valóság Egy stockholmi és egy malmöi egyetem kutatói olyan gépet fejlesztettek ki, amivel már nem csak látni és hallani, de szagolni is lehet a virtuális valóság cseppet sem valós világát. Trendi funkciót hozott a 1MORE új, zajszűrős fülhallgatója TechWorld 2022-10-30 06:00:21 Infotech Trend Aktív zajszűrést és a márkánál először spatial audio funkciót is kínál a 1MORE Aero vezeték nélküli fülhallgató. A 1MORE becsomagolta a QuietMax ANC aktív zajszűrős technológiáját, a 6-mikrofonos, DNN algoritmussal támogatott rendszerét és összerakta az új Aero vezeték nélküli fülhallgatót. A márkánál most először ez a termék már spatial audiót is „Valaminek ott kellett lennie” – ufóval találkozott egy vadászpilóta hvg.hu 2022-10-30 09:03:00 Infotech USA Repülőgép Amerikai haditengerészet Az amerikai haditengerészet egy volt pilótája, Ryan Graves szokatlan részletességgel beszélt arról a pillanatról, amikor elmondása szerint közeli kapcsolatba került egy azonosítatlan repülő tárggyal, azaz: ufóval. Csattant is az első nagy pofon a Twitternek Infostart 2022-10-30 06:51:00 Gazdaság Twitter Elon Musk Tesla A Tesla riválisnak számító General Motorsnak esze ágában sincs Elon Musk zsebét tömni. Elon Musknak már figyelmeztetést küldött az Európai Unió, jobb, ha vigyáz napi.hu 2022-10-30 10:30:00 Infotech háború Európai Unió Twitter Elon Musk Tesla Leggazdagabb Szólásszabadság Elon Musk, a Tesla vezéreként elhíresült milliárdos lezárta a Twitter átvételét, majd azonnal kirúgta az eddigi vezérkart és cenzúraelleni háborút hirdetett. Az Európai Unió azonnal figyelmeztette: a szólásszabadság szent, de a piaci szabályokat még a világ leggazdagabb embere sem rúghatja fel. Videó mutatja, hogy milyen óriási pusztítást végzett a Marsba csapódó meteorit PC Fórum 2022-10-30 13:30:00 Infotech Világűr NASA Mars Meteor A NASA a héten nyilvánosságra hozta az első felvételeket arról az eseményről, ami az emberiség által eddig érzékelt legnagyobb meteorbecsapódás lehetett. A Marsba még a múlt év végén ütközött egy kóbor égitest, ami akkora krátert hagyott a vörös bolygón, amit eddig egyetlen más társa sem, amióta az ember figyeli ezeket.
Észrevették a kutatók, hogy a fény képes áthaladni a fémen Rakéta 2022-10-30 10:39:19 Infotech Mint a kutatók írják, az „eredmények ellentmondanak mindennapi tapasztalatainknak és általános vélekedésünknek”. Több ezer színt tett fizetőssé az Adobe, a meglévő fájlokat is érinti a változás PCWorld 2022-10-30 07:50:33 Infotech Adobe Feketébe válthatnak a régebbi projektjeink, ha nem fizetünk az Adobenak és az érintett színek jogait birtokló Pantone-nak. Hamarosan megjelenhet a Xiaomi 12 Lite 5G NE GSMring 2022-10-30 10:04:23 Mobiltech Kína Telefon Okostelefon 5G Xiaomi A kínai vállalat hamarosan egy új okostelefont dobhat piacra Xiaomi 12 Lite 5G NE néven, ami a nemzetközi piacra is megérkezhet. Mutatjuk, hogy mit tudunk róla. A Xiaomi néhány hónapja mutatta be a Xiaomi 12 Lite 5G okostelefont, ami nem sok piacra ért el, így Magyarországon sem kapható, a pletykák szerint viszont hamarosan megérkezhet a Sikerült egyetlen optikai kábelen túlhaladni a globális internetes sávszélességet Bitport 2022-10-30 11:00:00 Infotech Dánia Sőt ahhoz képest is majdnem kétszeres sebességet értek el a dán tudósok egy új fotonikus csippel és a lézersugár különböző színekre bontásával. Minden kornak megvolt a maga rejtélyes guruló dollárja 444.hu 2022-10-30 13:22:08 Tudomány USA Horn Gyula Most a baloldal ellen nyomoznak tiltott pártfinanszírozás miatt, de guruló dollárok miatt volt már célkeresztben Josip Broz Tito, Andrew Mellon amerikai pénzügyminiszter és Horn Gyula is. Terroristák és csalók központjává válhat a metaverzum Digital Hungary 2022-10-30 14:36:00 Infotech Rendőrség Innováció Terrortámadás Újfajta kiberbűnözési technikák elterjedését, és a jelenlegi bűncselekmények nagyobb léptékben történő végrehajtását hozhatja el a metaverzum – közölte az Interpol. A Nemzetközi Rendőrségi Szervezet technológiai és innovációs ügyvezető igazgatója, Madan Oberoi szerint a szervezet tagországai egyelőre nem tudják, miként készüljenek fel a lehetséges Világító húsevő férgek gyógyították meg a katonák súlyos sebeit, angyali ragyogásnak hívják a jelenséget Promotions 2022-10-30 09:39:00 Tudomány háború Különös történetek maradtak ránk a háborúkból, de talán a legérdekesebb az angyali ragyogás története. Hamarosan illatokat is érezhetünk a metaverzumban Startlap Vásárlás 2022-10-30 10:45:48 Mobiltech egyetem Svédország Stockholm Virtuális valóság Egy stockholmi és egy malmöi egyetem kutatói olyan gépet fejlesztettek ki, amivel már nem csak látni és hallani, de szagolni is lehet a virtuális valóság cseppet sem valós világát. Trendi funkciót hozott a 1MORE új, zajszűrős fülhallgatója TechWorld 2022-10-30 06:00:21 Infotech Trend Aktív zajszűrést és a márkánál először spatial audio funkciót is kínál a 1MORE Aero vezeték nélküli fülhallgató. A 1MORE becsomagolta a QuietMax ANC aktív zajszűrős technológiáját, a 6-mikrofonos, DNN algoritmussal támogatott rendszerét és összerakta az új Aero vezeték nélküli fülhallgatót. A márkánál most először ez a termék már spatial audiót is „Valaminek ott kellett lennie” – ufóval találkozott egy vadászpilóta hvg.hu 2022-10-30 09:03:00 Infotech USA Repülőgép Amerikai haditengerészet Az amerikai haditengerészet egy volt pilótája, Ryan Graves szokatlan részletességgel beszélt arról a pillanatról, amikor elmondása szerint közeli kapcsolatba került egy azonosítatlan repülő tárggyal, azaz: ufóval. Csattant is az első nagy pofon a Twitternek Infostart 2022-10-30 06:51:00 Gazdaság Twitter Elon Musk Tesla A Tesla riválisnak számító General Motorsnak esze ágában sincs Elon Musk zsebét tömni. Elon Musknak már figyelmeztetést küldött az Európai Unió, jobb, ha vigyáz napi.hu 2022-10-30 10:30:00 Infotech háború Európai Unió Twitter Elon Musk Tesla Leggazdagabb Szólásszabadság Elon Musk, a Tesla vezéreként elhíresült milliárdos lezárta a Twitter átvételét, majd azonnal kirúgta az eddigi vezérkart és cenzúraelleni háborút hirdetett. Az Európai Unió azonnal figyelmeztette: a szólásszabadság szent, de a piaci szabályokat még a világ leggazdagabb embere sem rúghatja fel. Videó mutatja, hogy milyen óriási pusztítást végzett a Marsba csapódó meteorit PC Fórum 2022-10-30 13:30:00 Infotech Világűr NASA Mars Meteor A NASA a héten nyilvánosságra hozta az első felvételeket arról az eseményről, ami az emberiség által eddig érzékelt legnagyobb meteorbecsapódás lehetett. A Marsba még a múlt év végén ütközött egy kóbor égitest, ami akkora krátert hagyott a vörös bolygón, amit eddig egyetlen más társa sem, amióta az ember figyeli ezeket.
Before the war on drugs picked up much steam in the United States, the war on Cannabis had to be built from scratch. In this episode, I trace the war on drugs back to pre-1900s roots, including the interests of John Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Lammot Dupont II, Harry Anslinger, Henry Ford and hemp farmers nation wide. I cover the outlawing of hemp farming, the industrial conspiracy to monopolize the use of petroleum-based products, the capitalistic roots of the war on drugs, and the use of racism by early war-engineers to garner support from the public. And in the process, we review some important US history.
Notably, the Inflation Reduction Act didn't attract a single Republican vote in the Senate. (And at least one Democratic senator — Kyrsten Sinema — made sure its tax provisions wouldn't raise tax rates on rich individuals.) Why? We talk a lot about money in politics, but there's a huge and growing difference between the big money (campaign donations of $1 million or more), most of it pouring into Republican coffers and small money (individual donations of $200 or less), mainly pouring into the Democrats. (Corporations have been giving to both sides, in roughly equal measure.)The significance of this difference is growing. With the midterms elections looming, the gap between the two sources is larger than ever. Democrats are far outpacing Republicans in small-dollar donations. The most recent reports (through June 30) show, for example, that: — In Georgia, incumbent Senator Raphael Warnock has raised $14 million in small donations; Republican senate candidate Herschel Walker has raised only about $8 million in small donations. — In Florida, Val Demings, the Democratic challenger to Senator Marco Rubio, has raised more than $24 million in small donations; Rubio himself has reported $12.7 million in small donations. — In Arizona, Democratic Senator Mark Kelly's re-election campaign has raised nearly $23 million from small-dollar donors. His GOP challenger, Blake Masters, less than $2 million from small donors. But the GOP's big money donors are making up the difference.— Billionaire Peter Thiel has so far poured over $25 million into the races of Blake Masters in Arizona and J.D. Vance in Ohio. — Kenneth C. Griffin, the CEO of giant hedge fund Citadel, is bankrolling Republican super PACs to the tune of nearly $50 million. — Stephen A. Schwarzman, chairman of giant hedge fund Blackstone, has so far contributed a combined $20 million to the main House and Senate Republican super PAC. — Banking heir Timothy Mellon (descendant of the robber baron Andrew Mellon) has so far contributed $10 million to the main House GOP super PAC.— Ditto billionaire Patrick R. Ryan. — Miriam Adelson (whose husband, Sheldon Adelson, was one of the GOP's most generous contributors until his death last year) just made her first $5 million donation. The list goes on. — And, of course, Rupert Murdoch, Charles Koch, et al. Small donors are ramping up their giving to Democrats because they're aware of how nuts the Republican Party has become on issues ranging from abortion to democracy. Trump has pulled into the GOP white supremacists, Christian nationalists, QAnon paranoids, xenophobic cultists, antisemites, misogynists, and rightwing militias. Plus a StarWars cantina of grifters, crackpots, and thugs who — as the January 6 attack showed — pose a clear and present danger to American democracy. Big donors are ramping up their giving to Republicans because they now have so much money that any Democratic-led tax increase on them (or Republican-led tax cut for them) will invariably have large financial consequences. The Inflation Reduction Act reveals just how much damage Democrats could do to the bottom lines of the rich.Many big donor billionaires (e.g., Peter Thiel) are trying to justify their donations as “libertarian,” but they know damn well the current Republican Party has nothing to do with personal freedom. It's busy intruding on reproductive rights, pushing book bans in libraries and classrooms, barring young transgender people from playing on certain sports teams or using certain bathrooms, refusing to allow teachers to talk about aspects of American history they don't want young people to know, and actively suppressing votes. Liberty my foot. No, the billionaires aren't libertarian. They want only one thing: more tax cuts.The extraordinary growth of small donors to Democrats is all about justifiable fears of what Republicans will do with more power. The growth in big dollars to Republicans is all about greed. What do you think? This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit robertreich.substack.com/subscribe
Andrew Mellon served 3 Presidents as Secretary of State and helped create the Roaring 20s economy. He made a big profit from it, too.
On this edition of Parallax Views, New York Times bestselling author and investigative journalist Christopher Leonard joins us to discuss his new book The Lords of Easy Money: How the Federal Reserve Broke the American Economy. The book chronicles how the Federal Reserve under Ben Bernanke dealt with the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and its aftermath from 2010-2014. In doing so he attempts to offer a concise and highly critical examination of the policy known as quantitative easing and makes the case that quantitative easing has enriched the wealthy at the expense of the working and middle classes through a form of hyper-trickle-down economics. Leonard and I begin the conversation by discussing his earlier works The Meat Racket: The Secret Takeover of America's Food Business and Kochland: The Secret History of Koch Industries and Corporate Power in America. We then discuss how his critical examination of the Federal Reserve departs from many of the criticisms of the Fed from libertarians and the right such as G. Edward Griffin's The Creature from Jekyll Island. Leonard also praises William Greider's seminal work on the subject Secrets of the Temple. From there we delve into what the Federal Reserve is, what it isn't, and the question of whether it is a public or private institution as well as the ways the Fed, and monetary policy in general, is often treated as being too mystical for a layperson to understand (even if this is not the case). Leonard also explains the concept of quantitative easing and how it has, he argues, enriched the wealthy at the expense of the working and middle classes. Among the many other topics, we cover in the conversation: the Federal Reserve and the Tea Party Movement in November 2010, the story of former President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Thomas Hoenig's dissenting from Ben Bernanke's quantitative easing policies, Alan Greenspan and ideology within the institution of the Federal Reserve, the populist William Jennings Bryan and his "Cross of Gold" speech, Bill Clinton and the declaration he made during his Presidency that "the era of big government is over", hyper-trickle-down economics, Andrew Mellon, and much, much more!
The ability to organize objects for rapid access is the golden grail in all facets of life. It saves you time and effort in recovering these items, as well as money on perishable foods that have been stored and forgotten. Tina discusses how Zirc has aided professionals, including private practitioners, by giving adequate and quick solutions to typically unorganized objects and how these simple solutions have improved workflow productivity. Zirc Dental Products [01:30] Zirc Dental Products was established in the year 1967. Jim Campion, the company's CEO, and founder saw a gap in the market for products that provide solutions to dental team members, such as time, savings, and products that help make dental teams safer, happier, and more productive. Those three philosophies are the foundation of the company. [03:39] Many of us in the industry take pleasure in our ability to think critically about organization and desire to adopt things that we have a spot for everything to be. What's critical to note is the distinction between being structured and efficient within your organization. [04:20] Eliminate daily pressures, concerns, and feelings of overload in your life. Because the reality is that around 80% of everything we own is unused daily. When you consider that percentage concerning the totality of our lives, it's enormous, especially when we're disorganized. According to Andrew Mellon, a best-selling author and productivity expert, we can waste up to a year of our lives searching for misplaced objects. Working with teams [05:15] Teams must evaluate the value of their time in their practice. The consequence of disrupting the flow of a procedure when having to stop to find a missing instrument or material is detrimental. It's not only wasting time, it also adds frustration for the clinicians and the patient. Schedule a time to address these issues rather than allowing them to fester. [09:34] It must be a collaborative effort. There is not a single department that is more powerful than the others. Color Method is Zirc's streamlined approach to instrument and material organization. They aid with organizing the necessary devices and supplies by associating a color with each of the procedures. And in doing so, they add a visual component to create a "grab and go" organization. It can significantly help teams in optimizing their workflows and saving them time. [12:44] When working with teams, have them begin by assigning a color to each procedure they offer in their practice. Zirc has 16 vibrant colors available to match any decor and creates a fun and pleasing atmosphere. Zirc works one-on-one with teams to truly understand their current systems and what makes their practice unique. This critical step allows them to understand each practice's desired and unique needs. [14:36] Reprocessing becomes simple and efficient. Any team member will be able to step in to assist with this duty as each component of the same color is entered into the sterilization pouch together. This will eliminate the chance of missing instrumentation at chairside. The ability to cross-train employees provides a shared understanding of each department's duties and provides a cohesive culture. [15:45] Avoid the concept and inefficiency of storing many operatories with expensive dental materials that can become misplaced, disheveled, and expire. Zirc's procedure tubs can act as a portable drawer that can be moved throughout the clinic. Think of the money saved when you are stocking one tub per procedure vs all the same materials in multiple operatories. [18:41] Color Method isn't one-size-fits-all. There are no two practices that are the same, and there is also a wide range of clinicians. This is where Zirc's services come in: listening, understanding, and determining what is required. They customize a plan for each individual practice or group. [19:40] Our schedules can get behind when we're disorganized. Inventory management is a difficult yet essential part of a functioning practice. It can be a pain to keep track of stocks. It takes time for someone to learn that function, but knowing what we have on hand is vital to the office's overhead. When is it appropriate to place an order? How much will this cost, and where is the most efficient place to store all these supplies? In the day-to-day lives of dental team members, there is a lot of stress. [21:44] Begin to comprehend what our objectives are? What do we want to achieve in the coming year? What do we aim to improve on? Sometimes, teams aren't even aware that they're dealing with a lot of dysfunction. As a new team member, nothing is more fearful than arriving at a practice with no idea where anything is and what systems are in place. Now imagine the ease and joy of entering central sterilization and seeing a color-code chart with all your procedure trays and tubs organized with everything you'll need right at your fingers instead….what a bliss. [28:22] Take a look and contact Zirc for those individualized solutions. Whether you're a private practice, an extensive group practice, or a DSO, they deal with organizations of all shapes and sizes. One of the services that they provide, aside from organization, is a discussion where you pick up the phone, speak with one of their clinical and efficiency specialists, and start the conversation about how you want to improve at XY and Z this year. Life is all about timing, and your team must be willing to try something new and different and let Zirc be the solution for you. Go to https://www.zirc.com/ to browse through Zirc's innovative products for you and your business. Take the first step of organization and connect with a Zirc organization and efficiency consultant today. Get Organized | Zirc See the difference Color Method can make in your day. https://bit.ly/2ZfYMXy
A matéria “Marijuana: assassina de jovens”, foi publicada na revista American Magazine no ano de 1937. E ela começava com uma história completamente inventada: “O corpo esmagado da menina jazia espalhado na calçada um dia depois de mergulhar do quinto andar de um prédio de apartamentos em Chicago. Todos disseram que ela tinha se suicidado, mas, na verdade, foi homicídio. O assassino foi um narcótico conhecido na América como marijuana e na história como haxixe. Usado na forma de cigarros, ele é uma novidade nos Estados Unidos e é tão perigoso quanto uma cascavel.” O autor do texto era Harry Anslinger, provavelmente o homem que mais tem mérito (ou demérito) para que a maconha fosse criminalizada não só nos EUA como em praticamente o mundo todo. Tudo começa em 1920 com a Lei Seca. Durante aqueles terríveis anos onde o álcool era proibido, os estadunidenses tentaram relaxar de outro jeito: com a maconha. A planta era consumida normalmente por pessoas marginalizadas pela sociedade, como imigrantes mexicanos e árabes. De acordo com o historiador inglês Richard Davenport-Hines: “A proibição do álcool foi o estopim para o ‘boom' da maconha. Na medida em que ficou mais difícil obter bebidas alcoólicas e elas ficaram mais caras e piores, pequenos cafés que vendiam maconha começaram a proliferar”. Mas a planta era usada em dezenas de remédios como xaropes para tosse a pílulas para dormir. O efeito relaxante da cannabis era utilizado frequentemente. Mas uma coisa fez com que a proibição entrasse em jogo: o cânhamo. Quase toda a produção de papel da época usava como matéria-prima a fibra do cânhamo, retirada do caule do pé de maconha. O cânhamo também era usado para confecção de cordas, velas de barco, redes de pesca e outros produtos que exigissem um material muito resistente. Até a Ford estava trabalhando para a criação de combustíveis e plásticos feitos a partir do óleo da semente de maconha. Plantações de maconha rondavam os EUA e a Europa. Acontece que o Harry Anslinger era parente de Andrew Mellon, dono da gigante petrolífera Gulf Oil, com seu principal investidor a petrolífera Du Pont. A Du Pont estava usando petróleo para a criação de aditivos para combustíveis, plásticos, fibras sintéticas como o náilon e processos químicos para a fabricação de papel feito de madeira. Todos esses produtos disputavam o mercado com o cânhamo. De acordo com o escritor o escritor Jack Herer: “A Du Pont foi uma das maiores responsáveis por orquestrar a destruição da indústria do cânhamo”. Para atacar o cânhamo, atacou-se a maconha.
A matéria “Marijuana: assassina de jovens”, foi publicada na revista American Magazine no ano de 1937. E ela começava com uma história completamente inventada: “O corpo esmagado da menina jazia espalhado na calçada um dia depois de mergulhar do quinto andar de um prédio de apartamentos em Chicago. Todos disseram que ela tinha se suicidado, mas, na verdade, foi homicídio. O assassino foi um narcótico conhecido na América como marijuana e na história como haxixe. Usado na forma de cigarros, ele é uma novidade nos Estados Unidos e é tão perigoso quanto uma cascavel.” O autor do texto era Harry Anslinger, provavelmente o homem que mais tem mérito (ou demérito) para que a maconha fosse criminalizada não só nos EUA como em praticamente o mundo todo. Tudo começa em 1920 com a Lei Seca. Durante aqueles terríveis anos onde o álcool era proibido, os estadunidenses tentaram relaxar de outro jeito: com a maconha. A planta era consumida normalmente por pessoas marginalizadas pela sociedade, como imigrantes mexicanos e árabes. De acordo com o historiador inglês Richard Davenport-Hines: “A proibição do álcool foi o estopim para o ‘boom' da maconha. Na medida em que ficou mais difícil obter bebidas alcoólicas e elas ficaram mais caras e piores, pequenos cafés que vendiam maconha começaram a proliferar”. Mas a planta era usada em dezenas de remédios como xaropes para tosse a pílulas para dormir. O efeito relaxante da cannabis era utilizado frequentemente. Mas uma coisa fez com que a proibição entrasse em jogo: o cânhamo. Quase toda a produção de papel da época usava como matéria-prima a fibra do cânhamo, retirada do caule do pé de maconha. O cânhamo também era usado para confecção de cordas, velas de barco, redes de pesca e outros produtos que exigissem um material muito resistente. Até a Ford estava trabalhando para a criação de combustíveis e plásticos feitos a partir do óleo da semente de maconha. Plantações de maconha rondavam os EUA e a Europa. Acontece que o Harry Anslinger era parente de Andrew Mellon, dono da gigante petrolífera Gulf Oil, com seu principal investidor a petrolífera Du Pont. A Du Pont estava usando petróleo para a criação de aditivos para combustíveis, plásticos, fibras sintéticas como o náilon e processos químicos para a fabricação de papel feito de madeira. Todos esses produtos disputavam o mercado com o cânhamo. De acordo com o escritor o escritor Jack Herer: “A Du Pont foi uma das maiores responsáveis por orquestrar a destruição da indústria do cânhamo”. Para atacar o cânhamo, atacou-se a maconha.
In the late 1800s, Johnstown, Pennsylvania, was a modest, yet thriving community, located in the western part of the state. 14 miles away was the South Fork Hunting & Fishing Club, an exclusive group whose members included Andrew Carnegie, Henry Frick, and Andrew Mellon. In 1879, the club restored an abandoned earthen dam and created Lake Conemaugh, which was used for sailing and boating, and which the members stocked with expensive game fish for sport. Some people in Johnstown feared the dam wasn't safe. Daniel Morrell, one of Johnstown's most prominent civic leaders even had the dam inspected, and wrote to the club pointing out major flaws that were discovered, but his concerns were ignored. In May, 1889, there were several days of extraordinarily heavy rains. By May 31, management at the club realized the dam was in danger of giving way, but there was little they could do. Warnings were sent to Johnstown that the dam might collapse, but after years of false alarms, the messages weren't taken seriously. The water began to top the dam, and eventually, it gave way. The water rushed down the valley, sweeping trees, rail cars, and entire houses in its path. By the time the 20 million tons of water reached Johnstown, it was carrying even more debris. The mass hit the city, flattening everything in its path, until it was stopped by an immense stone bridge at the far end of the town. The stone bridge held but created a disaster of its own. It acted like another dam, causing the water to back up and flood the city. Then the entire mass of debris caught fire. In the end, more than 2,200 people died in the Johnstown flood. Damage estimates were a conservative $17 million dollars, which equates to more than a half-billion dollars by today's standard. It is still regarded as the worst dam collapse in U. S. history. You know, life can be a lot like that dam. Sometimes, the stresses and events of our lives build up incredible pressure, and even though we feel capable of handling them, we soon find we're not prepared for their onslaught, and they overwhelm us with their strength and power. Other times, the actions of others or the circumstances and situations we're forced to face are not of our own choosing or fault, but they prove to be devasting and tragic just the same. So, what do we do in moments like that? What do we do when life is going along smoothly and, then, out of nowhere, we're overcome by events that shake us to our core and even challenge our faith? Well, stay with me, because that's what I'll be talking about on this podcast. We'll look at God's Word and discover His plan and promises to help us know what to do: When All Hell Breaks Loose. That's coming up on today's episode of Living Lite Today.
EPISODE #615 THE ROCKEFELLERS Richard welcomes a journalist and author who investigates the true motives and consequences of the Pilgrim Society. Early members of the Society included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Paul Warburg, Mortimer I. Schiff, Otto Kahn, and John D. Rockefeller. Although the Pilgrim Society and the powerful men involved are often praised for their philanthropic actions, Richard's guest reveals that the Society was self-serving and subjected the American people to a brutal system of economic tyranny, one which is still in place today. Guest: Paul L. Williams, Ph.D., is a journalist and author of Al Qaeda Connection: International Terrorism, Organized Crime, and the Coming Apocalypse; The Vatican Exposed: Money, Murder, and the Mafia, Osamas Revenge: The Next 9/11: What the Media and the Government Haven't Told You. He has served as a consultant for the FBI, editor and publisher of the Metro in Scranton, Pennsylvania, as well as an adjunct professor of humanities at the University of Scranton. BOOKS: Killing the Planet: How a Financial Cartel Doomed Mankind Al Qaeda Connection: International Terrorism, Organized Crime, And the Coming Apocalypse Al Qaeda: Brotherhood of Terror Osama's Revenge The Day of Islam: The Annihilation of America and the Western World The Dunces of Doomsday The Vatican Exposed Operation Gladio The Killing of Uncle Sam SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS!!! BetterHELP -Professional Counselling with a Licensed Therapist. You Deserve to Be Happy! Get 10% off your first month at betterhelp.com/Unlimited Smile Brilliant - www.smilebrilliant.com Professional teeth whitening & oral care products customized just for you. Use code CONSPIRACY for an exclusive Conspiracy Unlimited discount! C60EVO -The Secret is out about this powerful anti-oxidant. The Purest C60 available is ESS60. Buy Direct from the Source. Buy Now and Save 10% – Use Coupon Code: EVRS at Checkout! Strange Planet Shop - If you're a fan of the radio show and the podcast, why not show it off? Greats T-shirts, sweatshirts, mugs, and more. It's a Strange Planet - Dress For It! BECOME A PREMIUM SUBSCRIBER FOR LESS THAN $2 PER MONTH If you're a fan of this podcast, I hope you'll consider becoming a Premium Subscriber. For just $1.99 per month, subscribers to my Conspiracy Unlimited Plus gain access to two exclusive, commercial-free episodes per month. They also gain access to my back catalog of episodes. The most recent 30 episodes of Conspiracy Unlimited will remain available for free. Stream all episodes and Premium content on your mobile device by getting the FREE Conspiracy Unlimited APP for both IOS and Android devices... Available at the App Store and Google Play. To become a subscriber CLICK HERE or go to www.conspiracyunlimitedpodcast.com and click on Get Access to Premium Episodes
EPISODE #615 THE ROCKEFELLERS Richard welcomes a journalist and author who investigates the true motives and consequences of the Pilgrim Society. Early members of the Society included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Paul Warburg, Mortimer I. Schiff, Otto Kahn, and John D. Rockefeller. Although the Pilgrim Society and the powerful men involved are often praised for their philanthropic actions, Richard's guest reveals that the Society was self-serving and subjected the American people to a brutal system of economic tyranny, one which is still in place today. Guest: Paul L. Williams, Ph.D., is a journalist and author of Al Qaeda Connection: International Terrorism, Organized Crime, and the Coming Apocalypse; The Vatican Exposed: Money, Murder, and the Mafia, Osamas Revenge: The Next 9/11: What the Media and the Government Haven't Told You. He has served as a consultant for the FBI, editor and publisher of the Metro in Scranton, Pennsylvania, as well as an adjunct professor of humanities at the University of Scranton. BOOKS: Killing the Planet: How a Financial Cartel Doomed Mankind Al Qaeda Connection: International Terrorism, Organized Crime, And the Coming Apocalypse Al Qaeda: Brotherhood of Terror Osama's Revenge The Day of Islam: The Annihilation of America and the Western World The Dunces of Doomsday The Vatican Exposed Operation Gladio The Killing of Uncle Sam SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS!!! BetterHELP -Professional Counselling with a Licensed Therapist. You Deserve to Be Happy! Get 10% off your first month at betterhelp.com/Unlimited Smile Brilliant - www.smilebrilliant.com Professional teeth whitening & oral care products customized just for you. Use code CONSPIRACY for an exclusive Conspiracy Unlimited discount! C60EVO -The Secret is out about this powerful anti-oxidant. The Purest C60 available is ESS60. Buy Direct from the Source. Buy Now and Save 10% – Use Coupon Code: EVRS at Checkout! Strange Planet Shop - If you're a fan of the radio show and the podcast, why not show it off? Greats T-shirts, sweatshirts, mugs, and more. It's a Strange Planet - Dress For It! BECOME A PREMIUM SUBSCRIBER FOR LESS THAN $2 PER MONTH If you're a fan of this podcast, I hope you'll consider becoming a Premium Subscriber. For just $1.99 per month, subscribers to my Conspiracy Unlimited Plus gain access to two exclusive, commercial-free episodes per month. They also gain access to my back catalog of episodes. The most recent 30 episodes of Conspiracy Unlimited will remain available for free. Stream all episodes and Premium content on your mobile device by getting the FREE Conspiracy Unlimited APP for both IOS and Android devices... Available at the App Store and Google Play. To become a subscriber CLICK HERE or go to www.conspiracyunlimitedpodcast.com and click on Get Access to Premium Episodes
Dr. Kristine Artello joins Nia and Aughie for an episode about the National Gallery of Art. The discussion covers the basics of visiting the galleries as well as Jazz in the Garden, the chequered history of Andrew Mellon's involvement, and a note about visiting art where you live.
Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Mellon flourished because of America’s free-enterprise system. Yet, the foundations that bear their names are today pursuing a much different agenda, warns Rick Graber, president and CEO of the Bradley Foundation and chairman of the Philanthropy Roundtable. “These foundations exist with their massive endowments because of these gentlemen […]
Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Mellon flourished because of America's free-enterprise system. Yet, the foundations that bear their names are today pursuing a much different agenda, warns Rick Graber, president and CEO of the Bradley Foundation and chairman of the Philanthropy Roundtable."These foundations exist with their massive endowments because of these gentlemen that believed in free markets, took risks, and created just some incredible, incredible companies," Graber says. "It's hard to make the case that any of these foundations—Ford, Rockefeller, Mellon—are honoring donor intent. The founders would not be pleased."Graber recently wrote about the topic for The Daily Signal, "Woke Foundations Use Dollars Acquired Through Capitalism to Undermine Free Market Principles," warning about the implications for America's future. He joined me on "The Daily Signal Podcast." Also on today's show, we also read your letters to the editor and share a good news story about a Waffle House manager who went out of his way to make sure one of his youngest employees could attend his high school graduation. Enjoy the show! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
As a category endowments and foundations include some of the most sophisticated and prominent institutional investors. They have been long known for generating outsized returns from top-quality investment programs. With the pandemic, E&F investment portfolios are being relied on even more to support underlying operations. In this context, we spoke to 3 prominent guests from prestigious E&F programs: Abigail Archibald, Senior Portfolio Manager at the Andrew Mellon Foundation, Lisa Vazquez, Portfolio Manager at Mass General Brigham, and Kristin Reynolds, Partner & co-head of the E&F practice at NEPC.We get their thoughts on the top decisions they are making as they navigate unprecedented challenges.
A century ago, Calvin Coolidge took office as vice president. When he succeeded to the presidency, he became a rare president with banking industry experience, serving as a lawyer, corporator, trustee and eventually president of a mutual savings bank in Northampton, Massachusetts, for many years. Then, in office, many of his key officials and advisers were also bankers, including Andrew Mellon, Charles Dawes and Dwight Morrow. On this Presidents Day bonus episode of the ABA Banking Journal Podcast — sponsored by NICE Actimize Xceed — Coolidge biographer and bestselling historian Amity Shlaes discusses Coolidge’s personal and professional background, relationships with banks and bankers and how these shaped his economic policy in the 1920s. Read a past Banking Journal excerpt on Coolidge’s banking career. This episode is sponsored by NICE Actimize Xceed.
En este episodio veremos la historia del Galerista londinense Sir Joseph Duveen. Nos concentraremos en las estrategias que empleó con clientes como Andrew Mellon, Henry Clay Frick, Arabella Huntington, entre otros.
On this date in 1901, North Dakotans were buzzing about the accusation of murder against William Barry. Barry was a farmer from Cavalier County who was accused of killing his hired hand. According to the complaint, Barry felt that Andrew Mellon, the hired man, had mistreated Barry’s sister, Mary Ann. It was Barry’s understanding that Mellon had proposed, and Mary Ann expected to marry him. Whether there was a misunderstanding between the two young people or whether Mellon changed his mind, Mary Ann became distraught when she learned the wedding would not take place.
In this lost tape we find Dudly Kay-Pax and Ishmael at the 1904 Premiere at Loews Theaters in Cincinnati, Ohio. Sadly the two fellows have parted ways since the last tape, but there may be hope yet! Guests include greedy banker, Andrew Mellon, a 19 year old Louis B. Mayer, and an ambitious Alice Guy (the first woman director). Take a gander at the last episode of season 4 and of this hellscape of a year 2020!
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors.
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors.
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/book-of-the-day
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Consumers may love their products and services but, among politicians and activists, the big-technology companies are fast developing a reputation as the Robber Barons of the 21st century. Google recently joined Apple, Amazon and Microsoft as a so-called “tera-cap” – companies valued at more than a trillion dollars. Add Facebook and the five tech giants alone account for a quarter of the S&P500. How have they managed this in such a short timeframe? Their critics claim that Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella and Tim Cook are just digital versions of Henry Ford, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and John D. Rockefeller – monopolists who control entry nto their markets. Not so simple, claims Nicolas Petit in Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario (Oxford University Press, 2020). Concerns about privacy or the dissemination of “fake news” are valid but “looking at these predicaments through monopoly lenses is like using Facebook to get your news. It seems to do the job. But it might well be fake”. “The picture of big tech firms as monopolists is intuitively attractive but analytically wrong,” he writes. “A better picture is one of big tech firms as moligopolists, that is firms that coexist as monopolists and oligopolists”. Nicolas Petit is the Joint Chair in Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies in Florence. Tim Gwynn Jones is an economic and political-risk analyst at Medley Global Advisors. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
The Myth of the Robber Barons: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America by Burton W. Folsom.Speech given by the author at Young Americas Foundation Conference. The Myth of the Robber Barons describes the role of key entrepreneurs in the economic growth of the United States from 1850 to 1910. The entrepreneurs studied are Cornelius Vanderbilt, John D. Rockefeller, James J. Hill, Andrew Mellon, Charles Schwab, and the Scranton family. Most historians argue that these men, and others like them, were Robber Barons. The story, however, is more complicated. The author, Burton Folsom, divides the entrepreneurs into two groups market entrepreneurs and political entrepreneurs. The market entrepreneurs, such as Hill, Vanderbilt, and Rockefeller, succeeded by producing a quality product at a competitive price. The political entrepreneurs such as Edward Collins in steamships and in railroads the leaders of the Union Pacific Railroad were men who used the power of government to succeed. They tried to gain subsidies, or in some way use government to stop competitors. The market entrepreneurs helped lead to the rise of the U. S. as a major economic power. By 1910, the U. S. dominated the world in oil, steel, and railroads led by Rockefeller, Schwab (and Carnegie), and Hill. The political entrepreneurs, by contrast, were a drain on the taxpayers and a thorn in the side of the market entrepreneurs. Interestingly, the political entrepreneurs often failed without help from government they could not produce competitive products. The author describes this clash of the market entrepreneurs and the political entrepreneurs. In the Mellon chapter, the author describes how Andrew Mellon an entrepreneur in oil and aluminum became Secretary of Treasury under Coolidge. In office, Mellon was the first American to practice supply-side economics. He supported cuts on income tax rates for all groups. The rate cut on the wealthiest Americans, from 73 percent to 25 percent, freed up investment capital and led to American economic growth during the 1920s. Also, the amount of revenue into the federal treasury increased sharply after tax rates were cut. The Myth of the Robber Barons has separate chapters on Vanderbilt, Hill, Schwab, Mellon, and the Scrantons. The author also has a conclusion, in which he looks at the textbook bias on the subject of Robber Barons and the rise of the U. S. in the late 1800s. This chapter explores three leading college texts in U. S. history and shows how they misread American history and disparage market entrepreneurs instead of the political entrepreneurs. This book is in its seventh edition, and is widely adopted in college and high school classrooms across the U. S.
Andrew Mellon had a profound impact on the growth of the American economy during the 1920’s. His successful advocacy for lower taxes brought about many life-changing inventions that are taken for granted today. For this episode, Burt is joined by special guest, Anita Folsom. This episode is based on Chapter 6 of Dr. Burt Folsom’s book, The Myth of the Robber Barons. If you want to learn more about his topic and follow along with Burt, you can grab a copy of the book on Amazon here: https://www.amazon.com/Myth-Robber-Barons-Business-America/dp/0963020315/youngamericsfoun Learn more about YAF at www.yaf.org
Meridith meets with the 'Most Organized Man on the Planet!' Tune in & learn his tricks!
Meridith meets with the 'Most Organized Man on the Planet!' Tune in & learn his tricks!
Richard welcomes a journalist and author who investigates the true motives and consequences of the Pilgrim Society. Early members of the Society included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Mellon, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Paul Warburg, Mortimer I. Schiff, Otto Kahn, and John D. Rockefeller. Although the Pilgrim Society and the powerful men involved are often praised for their philanthropic actions, Richard's guest reveals that the Society was self-serving and subjected the American people to a brutal system of economic tyranny, one which is still in place today. GUEST: Paul L. Williams, Ph.D., is a journalist and author . He has served as a consultant for the FBI, editor and publisher of the Metro in Scranton, Pennsylvania, as well as an adjunct professor of humanities at the University of Scranton. Listen live every Sunday at 11pm on Zoomer Radio
Host Stacy Mitchell is joined by Matt Stoller, fellow at the Open Markets Institute, for a conversation about Matt's new book Goliath: The 100 Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy. Stacy and Matt dive into the rise of corporate monopolies starting in the 20th century and American movements to control corporate power. They also discuss: Matt Stoller, Open Markets Institute What we can glean from history to oppose concentrated corporate power today and establish a fairer economy. Why small business used to be a core part of the constituency of the Democratic party. How the rise of the law and economics movement converged with the collapse of the New Deal to produce a shift in the Democratic party, causing Democrats to turn away from anti-monopolist views. How powerful financiers and monopolists like Andrew Mellon manipulated our tax code to favor big business in the 1920s, and pushed back against the anti-monopoly movement in the 1950s. The question I tried to answer [in the book] is why did Democrats with power screw up so badly? And how can we not do that again? That's a really important question to have right now because we see a lot of the same trends, the rise in autocratic and fascist movements all over the world, corporate concentration, regional inequality, despair, and also this amazing moment of potential hope and solutions. I think the lessons, the heritage that we have as Americans, we have a tradition of opposing concentrated corporate power. Related Resources Goliath:The 100-Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy by Matt Stoller Open Markets Institute ILSR Monopoly Resources Transcript Stacy Mitchell: Hello and welcome to Building Local Power. I'm Stacy Mitchell, co-director of the Institute for Local Self-Reliance. Today on the show we have Matt Stoller, he's a fellow at the Open Markets Institute and the author of a new book, it's called Goliath: The 100-Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy. Matt, welcome to Building Local Power. Matt Stoller: Thanks for having me. Your work is amazing and then so I'm just really happy to be here. Stacy Mitchell: That's great. Yeah, you do great work too. You're one of my favorite followers on Twitter and of course Open Markets is a longtime friend and ally of ILSR's. So the book is terrific and I wanted to get you on early, as it's just coming out, to make sure that our listeners heard about it because I think it's really one of the great, worthwhile reads out there. It's Goliath: The 100-Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy. And there's so much in this book that we could talk about. You start at the beginning of the 20th century and take us right through to today, and chart this back and forth war between monopoly concentration, corporate control on the one hand and democracy on the other. And really chart the rise of a democratic framework for controlling corporate power that's pretty powerful for several decades in the 20th century, and then also chart its demise. And in thinking about how to approach this conversation, I think I want to take it in two parts. So I want to start first by just zeroing in on a few key periods in that history and asking you to tell us a little bit about what was going on. And then I want to step back and ask you a few questions about some of the broader themes and issues that the book raises and how we should think about those in the context of the current moment. So, the first period that I want to start with is the 1920s. This is a period that I think is kind of in popular imagination, it's sort of the go, go '20s, flappers, it's roaring economic times supposedly. But you write that it's actually quite a dark decade, that a lot of people aren't doing very well at all. Fascism is very much in the air, not just in Europe, but here. There are academics who are saying that democracy doesn't really work and we should get rid of it. And there is this powerful figure who really encapsulates a...
Dr. William Damon is a Professor of Education at Stanford University, where he directs the Center on Adolescence and is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. His research has received numerous grants and awards from several Foundations and trusts, including the John Templeton, Andrew Mellon, and Spencer Foundations. He has authored and co-authored fifteen books on the topics of child development, education, morality, and purpose, including Greater Expectations which received the Parent’s Choice book award. Throughout his distinguished career, he has focused on a number of topics related to moral development. In this podcast, we discuss his research with moral exemplars, his interests in the development of purpose and its effects, as well as his forthcoming book on the development of purpose in his own life. Full transcript available at: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1sYYOgNptXnSRXeXbw9sUZb-MGt73WjeE APA citation: Cazzell, A. R. (Host). (2019, October 1). Moral Exemplars and Beyond-the-Self Purpose with William Damon [Audio Podcast]. Retrieved from https://anchor.fm/amber-cazzell0
On Friday's Mark Levin Show, there is a history of Democrats, including former presidents, using police state tactics to go after their political opponents. FDR used the IRS as a political weapon to punish rivals like Treasury secretary Andrew Mellon. At the behest of FDR, prosecutors went after Mellon's tax returns; sound familiar? Friends and family of his were audited as part of the attack. The Annenberg family which owned the Philadelphia Enquirer which was critical of FDR, so they too were targeted by the IRS for audits, jailing, and endless financial prosecution. Lyndon Johnson also bugged the campaign phones of Barry Goldwater. In similar fashion JFK also weaponized the IRS to go after his dissidents. in more modern history, Barack Obama allowed the IRS to go after the Tea Party and at the end of his second term, to go after the Trump campaign. Trump did nothing, yet they used the threat of impeachment to try and blackmail him. Thankfully he was tough, fought back, and the hoax was disproved. When you understand history, how can journalists say that Trump is the greatest threat to the press that we have seen in modern times? Then, Obama-era Secretary of Homeland Security, Jeh Johnson, agrees that there is a crisis at the border. So, why are the Democrats denying this? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
On Friday's Mark Levin Show, there is a history of Democrats, including former presidents, using police state tactics to go after their political opponents. FDR used the IRS as a political weapon to punish rivals like Treasury secretary Andrew Mellon. At the behest of FDR, prosecutors went after Mellon's tax returns; sound familiar? Friends and family of his were audited as part of the attack. The Annenberg family which owned the Philadelphia Enquirer which was critical of FDR, so they too were targeted by the IRS for audits, jailing, and endless financial prosecution. Lyndon Johnson also bugged the campaign phones of Barry Goldwater. In similar fashion JFK also weaponized the IRS to go after his dissidents. in more modern history, Barack Obama allowed the IRS to go after the Tea Party and at the end of his second term, to go after the Trump campaign. Trump did nothing, yet they used the threat of impeachment to try and blackmail him. Thankfully he was tough, fought back, and the hoax was disproved. When you understand history, how can journalists say that Trump is the greatest threat to the press that we have seen in modern times? Then, Obama-era Secretary of Homeland Security, Jeh Johnson, agrees that there is a crisis at the border. So, why are the Democrats denying this? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
With a modest two-story hotel and various small cottages, Long Key Fishing Camp offered a dramatic departure from the usual opulence of Henry Flagler's hotels. Palatial structures with manicured grounds, extravagant recreational facilities, and world-class amenities were the norm at Flagler's other hotels that dotted the east coast of Florida--but not at Long Key, the last resort to open during his lifetime. Prospective visitors were frankly warned not to expect the same level of comfort provided at sister properties. Yet still they came. This rustic island, with its unparalleled fishing grounds and cabins named after local fish-- "The Kingfish," "The Porpoise," "The Barracoota," "The Shark"--inspired fierce loyalty among its diverse and distinctive clientele, even during the dark years of the Great Depression. Zane Grey, Lou Gehrig, Wallace Stevens, Charles Kettering, Andrew Mellon, and Herbert Hoover were among those who would board the Florida East Coast Railway to visit this paradisiacal setting, many of them to return season after season. Completely destroyed by the fatal 1935 Labor Day Hurricane, the first documented category 5 storm to make landfall in the United States, Flagler's unique island getaway has been largely forgotten. Today we share the famous baseball players who found refuge from the limelight at Long Key. Today in Key West History is brought to you by 43 Keys Media. You can find us at http://43keys.com Today is Key West History is a proud member of the Florida Keys Podcast Network.
A quick overview of recent Academy of Medical Royal Colleges "Reflective Practice Toolkit" With Dr Dominic Johnson and Dr Andrew Mellon from the University of Newcastle Medical School Dr Johnson discussed the process of reflection using key parts of the toolkit to illustrate the discussion. Dr Mellon discusses an approach using day to day clinical activity to drive a form or practical reflection that is being used by the local Children's Eating Disorder service to support their Continuing Professional Development. References: 1. The Reflective Practice Toolkit is available at http://www.aomrc.org.uk/reports-guidance/reflective-practice/ 2. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health guidance on good reflective practice https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/resources/looking-after-yourself-good-practice-trainee-paediatricians 3. GMC advice on reflective practice in the light of the case of Hadiza Bawa-Garba a trainee paediatrician struck off by the GMC before that decision was overturned in the courts is also available athttps://www.gmc-uk.org/-/media/documents/Factsheet___Dr_Bawa_Garba_case_final.pdf_74164961.pdf
The title of today's show, Pushing Up the Sidewalk, was inspired by rabble blogger Lizanne Foster. Lizanne's blog on rabble is called Education in the age of climate change. She's a high school teacher in B.C. who shares some of her thoughts about working creatively in a regimented education system. Three educators from three levels of education — secondary school, college and university — talk about changing the landscape of education. Pushing up sidewalks, creating cracks in concrete. 1.) Lizanne Foster: Lizanne's blog focuses on education from a very specific angle — she talks about education and climate change. She wrote an article which was posted on August 8 where she asked the question “Are schools preparing today's students for tomorrow's problems?” 2.) Tim Green: Back in the days of old, the difference between university and college was distinct. If you wanted a more broad education, you went to university. If you wanted to fix cars or become a dental hygenist, you went to college. The lines between college and university have blurred since then. Tim Green teaches environmental studies, philosophy and critical thinking at Georgian College in Barrie Ontario. He talks to rabble radio about what colleges are doing to help students ask the big questions. 3.) Erin Soros: Erin is a writer and scholar currently appointed as an Andrew Mellon postdoctoral fellow at the University of Toronto's Jackman Humanities Institute. She researches collective trauma and teaches courses on literature and psychoanalysis, and literature and human rights. She's also done a lot of thinking about how universities do, and don't, accommodate students with mental disabilities. Image: https://pixabay.com/en/university-lecture-campus-education-105709/ Like this podcast? rabble is reader/listener supported journalism.
Dr. Duffy Spencer speaks with the most organized man in America, author Andrew Mellon, who explains what the "Organizational Triangle" is and how it can help you.
Dr. Duffy Spencer speaks with the most organized man in America, author Andrew Mellon, who explains what the "Organizational Triangle" is and how it can help you.
The Trump cabinet is starting to take the form of notorious presidential administration during the 1920’s that produced economic policies that led to the Great Depression. We’re in trouble. Also, we chat again with investigative journalist Greg Palast. Before the election, Greg warned us that Republican operatives were trying to steal the vote. We caught up with him to discuss just how successful they were at doing that.Plus, Trump’s Swamp Draining is going as well today as it was yesterday--terribly. We’ll tell you about the George W. Bush-era financial regulator that Trump has chosen...to help him set up banking regulatory agencies. Fox guarding the henhouse, much?And, we chat again with investigative journalist Greg Palast. Before the election, Greg warned us that Republican operatives were trying to steal the vote. We caught up with him to discuss just how successful they were at doing that.Also, small government Republicans in Congress just approved of new rules that will expand FBI hacking powers. That story coming up later in the show, in a Classified Session.Plus, Trump’s Swamp Draining is going as well today as it was yesterday--terribly. We’ll tell you about the George W. Bush-era financial regulator that Trump has chosen...to help him set up banking regulatory agencies. Fox guarding the henhouse, much?
The Trump cabinet is starting to take the form of notorious presidential administration during the 1920’s that produced economic policies that led to the Great Depression. We’re in trouble. Also, we chat again with investigative journalist Greg Palast. Before the election, Greg warned us that Republican operatives were trying to steal the vote. We caught up with him to discuss just how successful they were at doing that.Plus, Trump’s Swamp Draining is going as well today as it was yesterday--terribly. We’ll tell you about the George W. Bush-era financial regulator that Trump has chosen...to help him set up banking regulatory agencies. Fox guarding the henhouse, much?And, we chat again with investigative journalist Greg Palast. Before the election, Greg warned us that Republican operatives were trying to steal the vote. We caught up with him to discuss just how successful they were at doing that.Also, small government Republicans in Congress just approved of new rules that will expand FBI hacking powers. That story coming up later in the show, in a Classified Session.Plus, Trump’s Swamp Draining is going as well today as it was yesterday--terribly. We’ll tell you about the George W. Bush-era financial regulator that Trump has chosen...to help him set up banking regulatory agencies. Fox guarding the henhouse, much?
Palmer Raids, KKK, National Origins System, Prohibition, TN v. John Scopes, Andrew Mellon, Advertising
When Calvin Coolidge became president in 1923, the top personal income tax rate was 77 percent. The national debt had risen from $1.5 billion in 1916 to $33 billion in 1919 — in large part due to America’s entry into World War I. Together with his treasury secretary, Andrew Mellon, Coolidge cut the top personal income tax rate to 24 percent and dramatically reduced government spending. The economy expanded along with tax revenue, and that allowed the national debt to fall to $16 billion by 1929. Please join us for a discussion of the lessons that Coolidge administration reforms hold for the United States today. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
AFTERBUZZ TV – Boardwalk Empire edition, is a weekly “after show” for fans of HBO’s Boardwalk Empire. In this episode host Keven Undergaro breaks down the episode in which Van Alden makes good on a debt; Billie looks to transition from stage to screen; Andrew Mellon mulls a proposal from Nucky. There to help Keven [...]
Professor Sir David Cannadine of Princeton University describes Andrew Mellon’s remarkable and varied career as a banker, industrialist, Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, art collector, and founder of the National Gallery of Art. Cannadine is the author of "Mellon: An American Life" (2006).
Bill and I are back with the final episode recounting our games from Dexcon 2012. Today’s episode is about Cthulhu Dark, a rules-light game of Lovecraftian Horror by Graham Walmsley. The adventure is titled ‘A Head of His Time’, and it involves Andrew Mellon and his family gathering the artwork that Mellon intends to use […]