Podcasts about Wastewater

Ann Spevacek & Eric Ritchson from Pizza Port Brewing discuss water usage and their journey to wastewater compliance.Special Guests: Ann Spevacek and Eric Ritchson.

As Toronto and Vancouver play host to the international soccer tournament, public health officials have been preparing for the influx of people and any health risks that come with it. From wastewater surveillance and food safety inspections to sexual health outreach, Dr. Michelle Murti of Toronto Public Health and Dr. Mark Lysyshyn of Vancouver Coastal Health discuss the work happening behind-the-scenes for the games.

Water utility work depends on more than technical knowledge. It depends on clear procedures, current documents, practical training, and performance conversations that reflect what operators actually do in the field.  In Episode 481, Trace Blackmore, CWT, welcomes back Kalpna Solanki, President and CEO at GAMECHANGERS Inc., for a practical conversation on building stronger utilities through standard operating procedures, competencies, and performance evaluations. Kalpna shares how outdated SOPs, disconnected training tools, and top-down documentation can create risk, confusion, and missed learning opportunities.    SOPs That Match the Work  Kalpna defines an SOP as a documented process that provides clear instructions for specific tasks or activities. Her current work with water utilities includes procedures for water main installation, flushing, customer complaints, meter installation, meter readings, and other distribution team responsibilities.  The key issue is not whether an organization has SOPs. Many do. The bigger question is whether those documents still match the field reality. Kalpna describes reviewing SOPs that reference retired staff, outdated contact information, and procedures written by people who may no longer be close to the work.  Her approach starts with the operators. The people doing the work help revise the documents, confirm what is accurate, and identify what needs to change. Revision dates, organized SOP libraries, and clear naming structures help teams avoid using the wrong version.    From Procedures to Competencies  Kalpna explains that SOPs should not sit alone in a file system. They should inform competency frameworks that define the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors needed for the job.  For example, an SOP may explain how to perform a fire hydrant teardown. A related competency tool can help confirm whether an operator knows how to do that work safely and correctly. The results can then guide mentoring, training, and performance evaluation.  This turns performance evaluation into a two-way process. Rather than simply telling employees what they did or did not do, supervisors can use competency checklists to identify gaps, determine needed resources, and support development.    Field Access, Video, and Ownership  Kalpna also shares how the Capital Regional District project extends SOPs beyond written documents. Once an SOP is revised and approved, her team creates a field video using operators as the subjects. The video is tied back to the written SOP, giving employees the option to read, watch, or use both formats depending on how they learn best.  QR codes make the system even more useful. Operators can scan a code in the field and access the relevant SOP or video without leaving the work location, searching a large document library, or relying on memory.  That access matters. As Kalpna puts it, when processes are too complicated, people are more likely to wing it. In water utility work, that can affect safety, consistency, compliance, and service quality.    Water Stories and Water Reuse  Kalpna also shares her personal water story, from growing up near the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls to living near the Thames River in London and later near protected watersheds in Vancouver. Her experiences shape how she thinks about water availability, source protection, and the responsibility of the industry.  The conversation closes with a look at the Vancouver Convention Centre West, where a full-scale wastewater treatment facility operates beneath the building. Treated effluent is reused for toilet flushing and rooftop garden irrigation, reducing freshwater demand and municipal sewer load.  For Kalpna, this points to a larger shift in language and mindset. Wastewater is not simply waste. It is a resource with future value for reuse, reclamation, and water-stressed industries.  Listen to the full conversation above. Explore related episodes below. Stay engaged, keep learning, and continue scaling up your knowledge!  Timestamps  01:10 — Trace welcomes Kalpna Solanki back and notes her previous Scaling UP! H2O appearance in Episode 435 on backflow prevention.  01:50 — Kalpna shares what has changed since her last visit, including the launch of GAMECHANGERS Inc. and her work with nonprofits, government agencies, and water utilities.  02:40 — Kalpna explains the two criteria she uses when choosing where to contribute: the opportunity to contribute and the opportunity to learn.  03:40 — Kalpna introduces the Water Environment Federation and its broad role in the water sector, with a strong focus on wastewater.  04:10 — The conversation turns to WEFTEC, AI, data centers, and the Water AI Nexus Center for Excellence.  08:20 — Kalpna defines an SOP as a documented process that provides clear instructions for specific tasks or activities.  08:40 — Kalpna describes her work with the Capital Regional District and water distribution teams serving more than 400,000 people with drinking water.  09:40 — Kalpna explains why SOPs should be developed with field staff, not only by managers who may be removed from day-to-day operations.  10:40 — SOPs connect to competencies by defining the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors employees need to perform work effectively.  11:40 — Kalpna frames performance evaluation as a two-way process for identifying training needs, resources, and competency gaps.  13:00 — Trace asks how organizations can align SOPs with what operators actually do in the field.  13:20 — Kalpna describes the risk of dated SOPs, including documents that reference retired staff or obsolete contact information.  14:00 — Kalpna explains how SOP nomenclature and organized folders help operators find the current procedure quickly.  15:30 — The discussion shifts to video-based SOPs that support different learning styles and increase field usability.  19:50 — Kalpna adds that QR codes can take operators directly to the relevant SOP and linked video in the field.  20:25 — Kalpna explains why simplicity matters: if the process is too complicated, people are more likely to wing it.  21:10 — Safety enters the competency discussion, with Kalpna explaining why SOP-based competencies can better reflect actual field work.  22:20 — Kalpna outlines her starting process with a utility: review the SOPs, determine what is dated or missing, divide them by operational area, and prioritize revisions.  24:10 — Kalpna describes how SOPs for water main upgrades can be translated into a competency framework.  25:00 — Technical and leadership competencies are discussed, including behavioral indicators that supervisors can use with operators.  26:30 — Kalpna introduces application exams, remote proctoring, and future AI-assisted marking as part of the hiring process.  28:05 — The conversation turns to culture, ownership, and how staff involvement can create empowerment rather than top-down compliance.  29:55 — Kalpna urges listeners to look at the intersection between SOPs, competencies, and performance evaluations.  32:40 — Kalpna shares her personal water story, beginning with childhood walks near the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls.  34:15 — Kalpna connects her experiences in London and Vancouver to water availability, source protection, and the value of safe drinking water.  37:00 — In the lightning round, Kalpna describes her superpower as seeing organizations from a high-level perspective and imagining what they could become.  38:35 — Kalpna shares a major accomplishment: leading a CRM project that succeeded because the people doing the work were involved.  40:25 — Kalpna discusses a water operator training and certification project in Kenya with Water Professionals International and GAMECHANGERS Inc.  41:55 — Kalpna answers the magic wand question with the Water Environment Federation vision statement: "life free of water challenges."  43:10 — Kalpna recommends five books spanning personal values, scaling systems, resilience, memoir, and nonprofit governance.    Quotes "When it comes to how that leads to competencies, competencies refer to the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors that employees need to perform their job effectively."  "Because I think if things are too complicated, people are going to be more tempted to wing it."  "I need their feedback to get the reality of their job on a day-to-day basis."  "I think that one of the key things is really look at the intersection between SOPs, competencies and performance evaluations."  "Life free of water challenges."  "We talk about wastewater, but it's not waste really, it's a resource."    Connect with Kalpna Solanki  Email: ksolanki@gamechangerssolutions.com  Website: GAMECHANGERS Inc. | Strategy Development And Implementation  LinkedIn: Kalpna Solanki MBA | LinkedIn  GAMECHANGERS Inc.: Overview | LinkedIn     Guest Resources Mentioned   Bridging Continents Through Clean Water: Mike Firlotte and Paul Bishop Lead Operator Training and Pinning in Kenya     Scaling UP! H2O Resources Mentioned  AWT (Association of Water Technologies)  Scaling UP! H2O Academy video courses  Submit a Show Idea  The Rising Tide Mastermind  355 Backflow Prevention: Safeguarding Water Quality   2026 Events for Water Professionals  Check out our Scaling UP! H2O Events Calendar where we've listed every event Water Treaters should be aware of by clicking HERE. 

"AI is definitely raising the ceiling and making things possible that were not possible before... We need to increase the ceiling of what is possible going forward and reward people putting the effort into increasing those judgment layers."-Pusker RegmiEpisode SummaryPusker Regmi is the vice president and wastewater sector leader at Stantec, as well as an award-winning engineer honored with the Water Environment Federation's Camp Applied Research Award. After moving from Nepal to the United States to pursue his passion for water engineering, Pusker now spearheads technical innovation and leads teams in delivering large-scale wastewater treatment and resource recovery solutions. His career is defined by a commitment to pushing the boundaries of process intensification and technical excellence.In this episode of The Zweig Letter Podcast, host Randy Wilburn and co-host Luke Carothers sit down with Pusker to discuss his remarkable journey from studying electrical engineering in Nepal to becoming a sector leader at Stantec. They explore the inherent complexity and societal value of wastewater engineering, the transformative integration of AI and advanced technologies, and how these advancements are reshaping leadership, innovation, and upskilling within AEC firms. The conversation provides practical perspectives for leaders on fostering innovation and navigating the rise of "intelligent assets" in water infrastructure.Whether you are navigating a digital transformation or seeking to inspire technical teams, this episode offers firsthand insights from the forefront of the AEC industry's AI evolution. Listeners will gain action-oriented strategies for intentional upskilling and a better understanding of evolving client expectations in the era of intelligent infrastructure.Key TakeawaysComplexity and Multidisciplinarity: Wastewater engineering integrates physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering, offering an intellectually rewarding and impactful career path for young professionals.AI as a Force Multiplier: Rather than replacing engineering judgment, AI sharpens capabilities and automates repetitive tasks, returning critical bandwidth to technical teams for higher-value work.Intentional Upskilling: Acquiring AI proficiency is increasingly self-driven and essential for modern engineers. Firms must proactively recognize and reward this initiative to stay competitive.Collaborative Innovation: Stantec focuses on co-creating application layers alongside utilities and operators to ensure long-term adoption and practical, real-world value.The Era of Intelligent Assets: Embedding knowledge into infrastructure creates proactive, dynamic systems that retain institutional expertise, mitigating the impact of departing experienced operators.Rising Client Expectations: As AI matures, clients expect greater efficiency and more sophisticated deliverables. Firms must continue to elevate their quality and judgment while leveraging these new tools.Listen to the full conversation on this episode of The Zweig Letter Podcast.Links Referenced in This EpisodePusker Regmi on LinkedInStantec WebsiteZweig Group & ElevateAEC ConferenceThe Zweig Letter WebsiteFlipping Book Version of the NewsletterWater Research Foundation Project 5378Learn about the Zweig Letter and subscribe: https://thezweigletter.com/Connect with Randy Wilburn on LinkedInConnect with Luke Carothers on LinkedInGet your FREE Subscription to the Zweig Letter Newsletter.Call to Action & Next StepsTo stay updated on industry evolution and leadership, subscribe to The Zweig Letter Podcast and explore our library of episodes highlighting AI transformation and technical innovation. To connect with Pusker Regmi, visit his LinkedIn profile or the Stantec website. Stay tuned for continued insights into how today's leaders are driving the future of design and construction—one conversation at a time.Thank you for listening! Be sure to subscribe for regular updates and more enlightening content from The Zweig Letter Podcast.Other Episodes You'll EnjoyAI Transforming AEC with KP ReddyBridging Design and Construction with Dan CristLeadership Transition with Sondra RottyConnect with Zweig GroupConnect with Zweig Group:Instagram: Zweig GroupFacebook: Zweig GroupTwitter: Zweig GroupLinkedIn: Zweig GroupWebsite: Zweig Group

[Video below] Residents and landowners voiced strong opposition to a proposed wastewater permit at a June 11 public meeting in Floresville hosted by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). The meeting focused on an application submitted by HK Bella's Ranch LLC for a wastewater treatment treat- facility that would serve the proposed Bella's Ranch residential development. Under the proposal, the facility would discharge up to 250,000 gallons of treated wastewater per day from the 900-home subdivision on U.S. 181 north of Floresville into Kicaster Creek, and eventually into the San Antonio River. A primary concern throughout the evening was... Article Link

Texas regulators are moving closer to allowing treated wastewater from oil and gas drilling operations to be reused on farmland and other sites outside the energy industry. Some fear the proposal is getting ahead of the science. Texas Republicans signaled their priorities at their convention in Houston, with Gov. Greg Abbott outlining his vision for […] The post State regulators weigh new uses for fracking wastewater appeared first on KUT & KUTX Studios -- Podcasts.

What if the thing limiting AI growth isn't chips or power, but wastewater treatment capacity?In this episode of KP Unpacked, KP Reddy and Nick unpack why water infrastructure is the next bottleneck. Jacobs has a $22.7B backlog weighted toward water. AECOM intends to double its water business in three years. Stantec's water practice is its single largest vertical. Meta just built a $70M wastewater plant in Idaho. TSMC broke ground on a 15-acre water reclamation facility in Phoenix targeting 90% recycling. The CHIPS Act, EV gigafactories, and hyperscaler water-positive commitments are pulling wastewater treatment capacity onto private campuses at a scale AEC hasn't seen since the petrochemical buildout of the 70s.KP and Nick reveal Shadow's bet in the space: Western Chemicals, which uses duckweed (a plant that doubles in size every 24 hours) grown on wastewater to filter nitrogen and phosphorus while producing ethanol fuel. The insight? Wastewater treatment consumes 2% of global electricity using heavy machinery to do what biology does for free. Then they pivot to why big ideas need big capital (raising $1M for pre-con AI versus $100M for modular wastewater plants), why college grads complaining about no job offers have recency bias ($250K signing bonuses for 22-year-olds was never normal), and why skepticism from engineering firm LPs is actually an anti-signal Shadow should lean into.Key questions answered:Why is water the next infrastructure constraint after data centers and power?What's Shadow's water infrastructure bet, and what is duckweed?How does duckweed double in size every 24 hours and filter wastewater for free?Why does wastewater treatment consume 2% of global electricity?Why are private companies building their own wastewater plants now?Should founders raise $1M seed rounds or $100M for big infrastructure ideas?Is the college grad job crisis real, or just recency bias from the 2010s?Why is skepticism from engineering LP firms an anti-signal for Shadow?What's the difference between alpha (non-consensus bets) and beta (consensus with upside)?How does Founders Fund operate with only 4 partners managing billions?What happened with the Vinod Khosla/Cloudflare co-founder drama?Why do co-founder breakups kill more startups than bad products?If you're wondering where infrastructure investment flows after data centers, trying to understand why wastewater suddenly matters, or deciding whether to raise incrementally or swing for $100M on a big idea, this episode will show you why the next constraint is already visible, and capital is moving faster than you think.Listen now.

A top water official in the capital is warning of the consequences if another major wastewater treatment plant in the city critically fails. Ellen O'Dwyer reports.

An approved variation to Clare's County Development Plan is being hailed as a win for the county. The move sees an additional 250 acres of land zoned for housing countywide, while a further 350 acres of strategic residential reserve sites have been unlocked for immediate use. Questions have been raised over whether this will make any difference given Clare's serious wastewater deficits, with 50 towns and villages still without a sewerage connection. Clare FM's Daragh Dolan has been speaking to Planning Consultant and Clonlara Independent Councillor Michael Begley on the matter, but firstly, Kilmurry Fianna Fáil Cllr Alan O'Callaghan. Image (c) pixelshot via Canva

The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) will hold a public meeting in Floresville on Thursday, June 11, for a pending wastewater permit for HK Bella's Ranch. The permit — WQ0016844001 — proposes a wastewater treatment plant to discharge up to 250,000 gallons of treated wastewater per day into Kicaster Creek and on into to the San Antonio River. The meeting will consist of two parts: •Informal discussion — attendees can ask questions of the applicant and TCEQ staff; these questions will not be part of the official record •Formal comment period — attendees will state their comments relevant to... Article Link

[Video below] Floresville customers will soon see a rate increase in their water and wastewater utility bills. The Floresville City Council approved the rate change May 28 — which has not changed in 10 years — following a presentation by Kayley Poston of Communities Unlimited. She said the city needs to have at least a 1.0 operating ratio to be considered for grant or state agency funding. “They want to see that the system can pay for itself,” Poston said. “At this point, the water system cannot financially sustain just the financial expenses for the water side.” The new fees... Article Link

How did HG Ventures quietly become one of the most active water tech investors on the planet, without even calling itself a water VC?HG Ventures is the corporate venture capital arm of The Heritage Group, a 100-year-old, family-owned Indianapolis conglomerate active in asphalt, quarries, environmental services and specialty chemicals. With $350M in assets, the fund deploys around $50M a year across 41 portfolio companies and 7 sectors, and ranks 5th globally in water tech by deal count despite water being only 18% of its thesis.Ginger Rothrock holds a PhD in chemistry from UNC Chapel Hill, co-founded the NASDAQ-listed pharmaceutical company Liquidia, was promoted to Managing Director of HG Ventures in December 2025, and is a Global Corporate Venturing Rising Star and Kauffman Fellow with deep expertise in industrial water, industrial wastewater treatment, and corporate venture capital in cleantech.

A number of criticial water and wastewater infrastructure projects in Clare are a step closer to coming to fruition. The Commission for Regulator of Utilities' has made a determination which provides for €13.6 million in in capital investment and operational expenditure for Uisce Éireann. It means several Clare projects will be progressed, including those already underway such as the new wastewater treatment plant in Ballyvaughan and the upgrade to the plant in Newmarket-on-Fergus, along with planned developments in Kilkee, Lahinch and Ennistymon. Uisce Éireann Director of Asset Management Sean Laffey says it ensures capacity for growth within communities while also protecting the environment.

The I Love CVille Show headlines: Trump Tailspin: Iran Done Dealing; Hormuz Strait Shut CVille City Wants To Raise Water/Wastewater Rates City Upped Real Estate, Meals, Property, Lodging Taxes Devils Backbone Officially Closes Brewpub On W Main Top 5 Most Cursed City Locations For Businesses Natalie Oschrin v Sally Duncan: Most Concerning Leader? $695 For Rent: 160 SQF Office (Conference & Waiting Room) Subscribe To JerryRatcliffe.com For $8 Per Month Read Viewer & Listener Comments Live On-Air The I Love CVille Show airs live Monday – Friday from 12:30 pm – 1:30 pm on The I Love CVille Network. Watch and listen to The I Love CVille Show on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, iTunes, Apple Podcast, YouTube, Spotify, Fountain, Amazon Music, Audible, Rumble and iLoveCVille.com.

The First Water Sector Unicorn Wants to IPO. But Wall Street kinda forgot how to buy water... Early-stage water tech funding quadrupled in seven years. Private equity's share of water M&A doubled in a decade, with a record 165 PE-led acquisitions in a single year. The bench of PE-owned water platforms grew from 42 companies in 2015 to nearly 600 in 2025. And the sector just minted its first twice-unicorn - Gradiant - with a Series E at a $2 billion valuation on Day 1 of the Global Water Summit 2026! So, will Gradiant IPO?Four all-time highs at once... but the fifth dimension - the public market - went the other way. IPOs in the 2020s are a pale echo of the 2010. So I flew to Madrid to ask the people building the machine (the VCs, the PE platforms, the strategics, the bankers, the entrepreneurs) a single question: is this closed-loop water-capital machine a feature of a mature sector, or a $300 billion pressure cooker about to crack?

Kansas City's Blue River Biosolids Facility is using an innovative wastewater treatment process to convert sewage into energy and fertilizer while cutting greenhouse gas emissions.

Washington, DC, May 21, 2026 —This month's podcast episode from the National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) includes an update on a series of Congressional hearings where Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS), Robert F. Kennedy Jr., testified on the administration's Fiscal Year 2027 (FY27) President's Budget Request. The President's budget request outlines the administration's funding priorities and proposed policy changes for the coming fiscal year. While the President's budget is not binding on Congress, it provides an important signal of proposed investments, program eliminations, and structural shifts that could significantly affect public health infrastructure. A full analysis of the administration's FY27 budget request can be reviewed on NACCHO Voice. NACCHO submitted testimony in support of federal public health to the House and Senate, to help inform their work in developing a final FY27 funding law. Updates are also provided on the FY27 Agriculture-FDA spending bill's status, which advanced through the House Appropriations Committee, and would impact key nutrition, tobacco, and regulatory programs.   Later in the program (7:50), Tommy George, Public Health Epidemiology Supervisor at Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department (LLCHD) in Nebraska and guest speaker at the 2026 Preparedness Summit, joins the podcast to discuss the department's wastewater monitoring program. Lancaster County has two wastewater treatment facilities, and both sites recover up to 25 million gallons of water per day. Through LLCHD's WastewaterSCAN system, the team can track several potential public health threats including measles, mpox, and a wide range of respiratory viruses. George shared that the department stays actively engaged with the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services by making sure collected data is regularly shared and discussed. As a member of NACCHO's Wastewater Monitoring Mentorship Program, George highlighted innovations and challenges in wastewater monitoring shared by mentees and provided recommendations for starting a new program.   ###   About NACCHO The National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) represents the over 3,300 local governmental health departments across the country. These city, county, metropolitan, district, and tribal departments work every day to protect and promote health and well-being for all people in their communities. For more information, visit www.naccho.org.

Episode 443 of Boss Hog of Liberty is available now. Host voices are Jeremiah Morrell, Forrest Plank, and Zachary Burcham. It is Indy 500 race week, our guests are IMS Old Timer Mike McKown, ARCA racer Presley Sorah, and first timer Ean Southerland of the Playbook Podcast. We review the Indy 500 qualifying weekend, take note of the remarkably clean month of May, until the Monday practice accident. We note how special it is to have nine Indy 500 champions qualify for the race. Tune in for winner and darkhorse picks, qualifying day stories, traditions, and first timer advice. 1 in 1000 people in America are at the track on race day, and we explore the story of IDEM fining the people of Speedway over the elevated ammonia leaving the water plant. What will Speedway do about it? Next Episode records Thursday, May 28th. Boss Hog of liberty is now available in video form on Youtube and Facebook, Spotify. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Crew Carbon raised $25 million in a Series A funding round to expand its wastewater treatment and carbon removal technology. The company, a Yale University spinout, integrates carbon removal technology into existing wastewater facilities, enhancing treatment performance and CO2 removal. The technology is operational in the U.S. and Europe, with clients like JPMorganChase and Google. The funding will support partnerships with additional utilities and management team expansion. Investors include Burnt Island Ventures and AP Ventures.Learn more on this news by visiting us at: https://greyjournal.net/news/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In a recent announcement from the Minnesota Public Facilities Authority, The Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development will be utilizing nearly $200 million on wastewater and drinking water projects across the state

Direct potable reuse has always been technically possible — but rarely trusted. In this episode, Rhys Owen examines the Hofstade DPR scheme in Belgium, where bNovate's BactoSense and partners like Aquafin are helping close that gap through real-time microbial monitoring.As capacity doubles and reuse expands into water-stressed regions, the sector is confronting a new reality: confidence is becoming as critical as treatment itself.This Analyst Spotlight is part of BlueTech's Weekly Analyst Insights membership.If you'd like to receive these signals from the water technology market each week, learn more about on bluetechresearch.com.--Presented by BlueTech Research®, Actionable Water Technology Market Intelligence. Watch the trailer of Our Blue World: A Water Odyssey.  Get involved, and learn more on the website: braveblue.world

More than six square miles of an aquifer under Montana's Rocky Mountain Front has been removed from federal protections and slated for wastewater. The change comes despite overwhelming opposition from the local community.

In Maine, a three-person crew at the East End Treatment Plant works nonstop to keep an aging system running when a hazardous contaminant creates a serious problem.

On April 30, 2026, CRH plc (NYSE: CRH) announced a $700 million agreement to acquire Axius Water from KKR and XPV Water Partners - instantly making the Irish-American building materials giant one of the largest water infrastructure players in North America. If CRH acquires Axius, what's next?Most investors missed it, so I thought I'd decode it! Here are the 10 things you need to see.So you got it, CRH acquires Axius. Here's the deal in 30 seconds: • Buyer: CRH plc - a $77B market cap building materials company most water investors don't track • Target: Axius Water - a wastewater treatment platform built by KKR and XPV Water Partners through a multi-year roll-up • Price: $700M (reported) • Sellers: KKR (Global Impact Fund) and XPV Water Partners • Strategic logic: bolts wastewater treatment onto CRH's existing water infrastructure portfolio (Hydro International, Oldcastle Infrastructure) What's actually new here - and why it matters for water investors: 00:00 - On your Bingo Card? 02:30 #1: The Cast07:35 #2: The Substance11:40 #3: The Number16:23 #4: The Timing20:54 #5: The Macro Reality24:40 #6: The Credibility28:26 #7: Inside the Platform32:28 #8: The Synergy Story35:17 #9: The Risks39:58 #10: The Sector Signal

Every analyst, every think tank, every consulting deck has an opinion on AI's water footprint (and overall on AI and Water)But nobody bothered to ask the people actually watching the videos, posting the comments, and shaping the narrative. You'd need to be mad to do that, right?So I read 2,540 of them.

Everyone says AI is drinking the planet dry, right? Well, the numbers say your morning coffee uses 29,600× more water than a ChatGPT prompt! In this episode, I sit down with Alex Passini to pressure-test the dominant narrative around AI's water footprint - and what we found completely flips the story the media is telling. Here's what most "AI water crisis" headlines miss: → A single ChatGPT prompt uses roughly 16 milliliters of water. One cup of coffee uses ~140 liters when you count the beans. That's a 29,600× gap. → Of the water a hyperscale data center consumes, ~75% isn't used by AI at all — it's used upstream for the energy that powers it. Blame the grid, not the GPU. → One banana = ~6,250 ChatGPT prompts. One almond = ~12 prompts. The water-per-prompt math is rounding-error territory next to your lunch. → Florida already reuses 800 million gallons/day of treated wastewater. Data centers aren't the threat - they're an accelerant for the water reuse capex the sector has been waiting twenty years for. If you're an investor trying to figure out whether AI's water story is a real thesis or a media artifact, this episode gives you the framework (and the numbers) to decide.

The Sewerage and Water Board has successfully plugged the broken pipe that was leaking wastewater into the Industrial Canal. We'll get an update on the situation with Kaitlin Tymrak, the Interim General Superintendent of the Sewerage and Water Board.

* Insurance has been an ongoing issue in the state. What has the legislature been working on this year? How are the reforms from last year going? We'll talk to Commissioner Tim Temple about it. * The Sewerage and Water Board has successfully plugged the broken pipe that was leaking wastewater into the Industrial Canal. We'll get an update on the situation * We'll talk to CBS military analyst Jeff McCausland for the latest on the war with Iran, the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, and the rest of the Middle East.

Most Texans don't think about environmental health — until something goes wrong. In this episode of Texas Talks, host Brad Swail sits down with Christopher Sparks, President of the Texas Environmental Health Association (TEHA), to explore the critical — but often overlooked — role environmental health professionals play in keeping communities safe every day. From restaurant inspections and water systems to disaster response and disease prevention, Sparks explains how environmental health workers operate as a kind of “silent infrastructure,” ensuring that daily life functions safely behind the scenes. A major focus of the conversation is how Texas is moving toward more uniform statewide standards, particularly in areas like food safety, while still allowing flexibility at the local level to address unique risks across different communities. The discussion also covers: • What environmental health actually includes (far beyond restaurant inspections) • The role of inspectors, code enforcement, and public health professionals • Why Texas is shifting toward uniform statewide standards • Senate Bill 1008 and the push for consistent food safety laws • How policy is implemented at the local level • Why consistency matters for businesses and public health • The growing strain from Texas' rapid population growth • Workforce shortages and the need for better training and recruitment • Water infrastructure, wastewater management, and grease disposal • How improper waste handling can impact public health • The role of environmental health in disaster response (floods, hurricanes, wildfires) • How professionals help communities recover and keep food systems running • The need for better data systems and statewide coordination • Why awareness is one of the biggest challenges facing the field Sparks also highlights a key issue for the future: as Texas continues to grow, the demand for environmental health services is increasing — but the workforce has not kept pace. The episode underscores a simple but important takeaway: environmental health may be invisible to most people, but it plays a foundational role in public safety, economic stability, and quality of life across Texas. 00:00 — Intro + Christopher Sparks joins Texas Talks 00:25 — What is environmental health? 01:08 — TEHA's mission and role in Texas 01:54 — Who are environmental health professionals? 02:41 — Natural vs built environments explained 03:59 — Policy structure: state vs local implementation 05:04 — Shift toward uniform statewide standards 05:56 — Senate Bill 1008 and food safety laws 07:13 — Why standardization matters 08:21 — Balancing uniform rules with local flexibility 10:18 — How the new law is being received 12:28 — Workforce size and challenges 12:50 — Population growth and strain on infrastructure 14:11 — Water systems and environmental health 15:23 — Wastewater, grease traps, and public safety 17:20 — Future challenges: growth and extreme weather 18:26 — Disaster response and keeping food systems running 21:26 — Crisis management and reopening communities 23:01 — Workforce development and funding needs 24:50 — Training gaps and lack of statewide curriculum 25:47 — Data sharing challenges across Texas 26:33 — Why better data improves public health decisions 27:45 — Priorities ahead of the 90th Legislature 28:53 — Workforce awareness and recruitment challenges 30:19 — “Silent infrastructure” explained 30:53 — Environmental health in emergencies 32:06 — Final thoughts + how to get involved Watch Full-Length Interviews: https://www.youtube.com/@TexasTalks

Who Buys the First Data Center Water Company? And When Does the Repricing Start? Data center water treatment is a $1.1 billion market growing nearly 15% per year, with 60% of spending recurring - generating an "infinite money glitch" for the righty designed water tech companies. So, strategic buyers, private equity sponsors, and VC-backed platforms are racing to consolidate water tech expertise. Meanwhile, hyperscalers spending $50 billion a year on infrastructure have made zero water acquisitions... for how long?

Days after a 54-inch sewer main was struck by a ship, wastewater continues to gush into the Industrial Canal as crews work to assess and contain the damage.

* The New Orleans City Council approved the French Quarter drone program last week. We'll talk about why that's a win for making the city safer with former NOPD chief Ronal Serpas. * Days after a 54-inch sewer main was struck by a ship, wastewater continues to gush into the Industrial Canal as crews work to assess and contain the damage.

Randy Heyman joins us to give us an update on the latest water main break.

In this episode of Orleans: Behind the Scenes, we sit down with Rich Waldo to walk through upcoming wastewater-related items that will be before voters at Town Meeting.The conversation focuses on two key areas: continuing the planning and design work needed to move future phases of the Town's Comprehensive Wastewater Management Plan forward and ensuring that a previously approved sewer project for the Lakes and Ponds area can proceed as expected if construction costs come in higher than originally estimated.Listeners will hear why these investments are necessary, how the Town is approaching wastewater as a long-term, phased effort, and what steps are being taken to manage and offset costs through low-interest financing and outside funding sources.If you're looking to better understand what's ahead and how these decisions fit into the bigger picture of protecting Orleans' water quality, this episode offers a clear and accessible overview.Show notes:John Nelson, Sewer Program Coordinator, Contact Information: jnelson@orleansma.gov

What Is the Real Water Problem Behind AI Data Centers - and Where Is the $1.3 Billion Opportunity? AI Water seems to concern everybody, while data center water treatment is the fastest-growing industrial water vertical in the world - $1.35 billion in 2025, growing at 13.3% per year. But the media is chasing the wrong story. The real problem isn't consumption volume — it's the concentrated industrial wastewater that cooling towers produce. This episode maps the opportunity most investors are missing. A

Joseph Blackman welcomed Timothy Runde, the Treatment Manager at the Des Moines Wastewater Reclamation Facility, to the podcast where Timothy described his oversight of 24/7 operations for a facility serving 18 metro communities and managing flows of up to 200 MGD. Timothy discussed the significant success of the facility's three-year operator apprenticeship program, which has been in place since 2008 and accounts for nearly all of their current staff, effectively solving long-term recruitment and overnight staffing challenges. Key talking points included Timothy's own career transition from forestry to wastewater, his focus on team-based leadership and professional development through organizations like WEF, and a safety-driven engineering solution he helped implement after a personal field incident to prevent suction-related accidents. Give the show a listen and remember to thank your local Public Works Professionals.

About this episode: Biosolids created by the wastewater treatment process are useful fertilizers in agriculture, but they often contain chemical compounds from the pharmaceutical and personal care products we send down our drains. In this episode: Researcher Carsten Prasse details new findings that suggest that fungi could reduce our risk of exposure to these compounds in our drinking water and food. Guest: Carsten Prasse, PhD, MSc, is an associate professor of Environmental Health and Engineering at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, where he studies organic contaminants in the urban water cycle and their impact on environmental and human health. Host: Stephanie Desmon, MA, is a former journalist, author, and the director of public relations and communications for the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs. Show links and related content: White-Rot Fungi Show Promise for Reducing Pharmaceutical Residues in Biosolids—Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Magic Mushrooms? White-Rot Fungal Degradation of Psychoactive Pharmaceuticals in Biosolids—ACS Environmental Au Transcript information: Looking for episode transcripts? Open our podcast on the Apple Podcasts app (desktop or mobile) or the Spotify mobile app to access an auto-generated transcript of any episode. Closed captioning is also available for every episode on our YouTube channel. Contact us: Have a question about something you heard? Looking for a transcript? Want to suggest a topic or guest? Contact us via email or visit our website. Follow us: @‌PublicHealthPod on Bluesky @‌PublicHealthPod on Instagram @‌JohnsHopkinsSPH on Facebook @‌PublicHealthOnCall on YouTube Here's our RSS feed Note: These podcasts are a conversation between the participants, and do not represent the position of Johns Hopkins University.

Why Did a Broke Football Club Owned by Gucci's Family Invest Millions in Water Reuse? Stade Rennais, the French football club owned by the Pinault family behind Kering (Gucci, Balenciaga, Bottega Veneta...), buried a €1.5 million closed-loop water system under its renovated La Piverdière training complex in February 2025. This investment, during French football's worst financial crisis, reveals a widening gap between what water costs and what water is truly worth - using water reuse as its vehicle.

John Campbell is in for Nolan, he also hears about a family losing their care package.

 Shawn Powell has built a following by doing something wastewater operators have needed for a long time: making practical technical education easier to access. In Episode 470, he explains why that matters, how he built The Wastewater Enthusiast, and what the industry still gets wrong about training, certification, and knowledge transfer. From test prep to true understanding A major thread in this conversation is the gap between passing an exam and actually understanding plant operations. Shawn reflects on his own early experience with certification prep, where classes helped him recognize test questions but did not always help him understand what was happening inside a real activated sludge system. That gap became the foundation for his channel. He makes the case that operators need more than memorization. They need visuals, process context, and practical explanations that help concepts stick. For professionals responsible for training staff, succession planning, or improving plant performance, that distinction matters. What real operations look like on the ground Shawn also brings credibility from the plant floor. He describes his work as chief plant operator in Avila Beach, California, where a small facility still demands close attention because of its biological complexity, membrane bioreactor operation, and chemical dosing requirements. A story about foam erupting from an aeration basin becomes more than a war story. It shows how biology resists quick fixes and why operators have to think in time horizons measured in MCRT cycles, not minutes. The conversation also touches on shock loads, public misuse of sewer systems, and the daily balance between observation, testing, automation, and operator instinct. That practical perspective keeps the discussion grounded for listeners who live with process variability every day. Why free knowledge matters One of the strongest sections centers on Shawn's idea of the "democratization of knowledge." He argues that critical wastewater education should not be locked behind paywalls or trapped in the heads of reluctant gatekeepers. That point expands into a broader discussion about generational turnover, operator shortages, and the risk of losing hard-earned plant knowledge as experienced professionals retire. Shawn also explains how monetization entered the picture without changing the mission. Training workshops, webinars, YouTube revenue, and memberships have started to support the project, while his core educational content remains open to everyone. Exam strategy, content strategy, and long-term value The episode closes with practical advice for certification candidates. Shawn stresses long preparation windows, disciplined use of official study materials, and a simple but critical reminder: read the question completely. He also shares how he chooses content, responds to viewer needs, and uses real plant events to teach beyond the textbook. For leaders, trainers, and operators alike, this is a useful conversation about how technical knowledge gets shared, preserved, and improved. Listen to the full conversation above. Explore related episodes below. Stay engaged, keep learning, and continue scaling up your knowledge!   Connect with Shawn Powell  Phone: (530) 859-2787  Email: powell.shawnm@gmail.com   LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shawn-powell-792020197/     Scaling UP! H2O Resources Mentioned  AWT (Association of Water Technologies)  Scaling UP! H2O Academy video courses  Submit a Show Idea  The Rising Tide Mastermind   Words of Water with James McDonald Today's definition is a flexible, one‑way item installed on the feed end of a spiral‑wound reverse osmosis membrane element. Its job is to force all incoming feedwater to flow through the membrane feed channel rather than bypassing around the outside of the element. Can you guess the word or phrase?    2026 Events for Water Professionals  Check out our Scaling UP! H2O Events Calendar where we've listed every event Water Treaters should be aware of by clicking HERE.     

D&P Highlight: What do you mean they found fentanyl in school waste water?! full 660 Thu, 02 Apr 2026 18:57:00 +0000 FwhJhOmHR2oDdtA6SnfWNPHZ0cHtueGX news The Dana & Parks Podcast news D&P Highlight: What do you mean they found fentanyl in school waste water?! You wanted it... Now here it is! Listen to each hour of the Dana & Parks Show whenever and wherever you want! © 2025 Audacy, Inc. News False https://player.am

How Much Does The USA Really Need to Fix Its Water Infrastructure? And Why Is Nobody Talking About the Real Number? (Hint: the US EPA has it wrong!)I built a bottom-up predictive model spanning 32 federal datasets, 433,000 water systems, and 15.1 million regulatory violations to determine the true cost of bringing US water infrastructure back to shape. The answer: $3.9 trillion over twenty years (that's three times the EPA's official estimate of $1.25 trillion)

Would you drink recycled wastewater? It could be a solution to the global water crisis. But not everyone is ready to jump onboard. They say it's not technology that's keeping more cities from recycling their wastewater, but psychology. Experts call this resistance “the yuck factor.” We chat with water journalist Peter Annin about some history behind water recycling – and why more cities could adopt the solution soon.This is part of a whole series on the world's dwindling water supply. Check out the rest of the water series:Part 1: When the wells run dryPart 2: The world's groundwater problemPart 3: Freshwater's growing salt problemEmail us your questions about water, the wider environment – or anything else to do with science at shortwave@npr.org. We may turn it into an episode in the future!Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave.Listen to Short Wave on Spotify and Apple Podcasts.This episode was produced by Rachel Carlson. It was edited by Rebecca Ramirez. Aru Nair checked the facts. The audio engineer was Jimmy Keeley.To manage podcast ad preferences, review the links below:See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for sponsorship and to manage your podcast sponsorship preferences.NPR Privacy Policy

The All Local Afternoon Update for Friday, March 27th 2026

Measles cases continue to rise across Utah, with more than 440 infections reported statewide since the outbreak began in June. In Moab, only three confirmed cases have been identified, but the virus has repeatedly appeared in local wastewater, suggesting infected people are still moving through the community. Health officials say tourism could increase the risk of transmission, even though vaccination rates in Grand County are slightly above the state average. Medical workers are urging people with symptoms to call ahead before seeking care so hospitals can isolate potential cases safely. - Show Notes - • Utah Department of Health https://epi.utah.gov/measles-response/ • Utah Wastewater Testing https://avrpublic.dhhs.utah.gov/uwss/ Photo: A young boy shows symptoms of measles. Via Wikimedia Creative Commons.

Sen. Markwayne Mullin's confirmation hearing, abortion drugs flushed into wastewater systems, fight over Connecticut homeschool oversight, and the sacred roots of a jazz master. Plus, Cal Thomas on stopping habits of fraud, a dog trained for illegal dumping, and the Thursday morning newsSupport The World and Everything in It today at wng.org/donateAdditional support comes from Barnabas Aid--providing help for our brothers and sisters where they are suffering the most. The projects aim to strengthen Christian individuals, churches and their communities by providing material and spiritual support in response to needs identified by local Christian leaders on the ground. We also partner with gleaning organizations across North America, sending dehydrated food to the neediest countries, including recently to Haiti and Cuba. More at https://www.barnabasaid.org/From The Master's University, equipping students for lives of faithfulness to The Master, Jesus Christ. masters.eduAnd from Truth For Life. The popular video by Alistair Begg titled "The Man on the Middle Cross" inspired the release of a small booklet with the same title that introduces Jesus to those who have yet to meet him. This Easter, give this little booklet away to everyone you meet! It's available to purchase for only $1 at truthforlife.org/world. Share the Gospel with those who can't answer the question "Are you going to heaven?”

Bisbee is weighing a long-delayed wastewater rate increase as officials warn the city’s aging sewer system can’t keep running on yesterday’s prices.Support the show: https://www.myheraldreview.com/site/forms/subscription_services/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This is literally the plot of The Simpsons movie. Chicago’s best morning radio show now has a podcast! Don’t forget to rate, review, and subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts and remember that the conversation always lives on the Q101 Facebook page. Brian & Kenzie are live every morning from 6a-10a on Q101. Subscribe to our channel HERE: https://www.youtube.com/@Q101 Like Q101 on Facebook HERE: https://www.facebook.com/q101chicago Follow Q101 on Twitter HERE: https://twitter.com/Q101Chicago Follow Q101 on Instagram HERE: https://www.instagram.com/q101chicago/?hl=en Follow Q101 on TikTok HERE: https://www.tiktok.com/@q101chicago?lang=enSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Dutch special municipality of Bonaire in the Caribbean is already experiencing dangerous heat and could see a fifth of its land disappear under rising seas by 2100. But the Netherlands is discriminating against these overseas citizens by failing to adequately reduce global warming emissions and develop adaptation plans to help them cope, according to a January 2026 Dutch court decision.   Also, poet and author Jason Allen-Paisant left his native Jamaica to gain a graduate school education and prize-winning poetry career in England and France. He now looks back with wonder at the green of Jamaica where generations of his ancestors fed and healed his family. He shares this history in his book The Possibility of Tenderness: A Jamaican Memoir of Plants and Dreams.   And urine is packed with nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which can be pollutants when they enter the environment unchecked. But these can also be turned into vital fertilizer to nourish our crops, and 2025 MacArthur Fellow William Tarpeh, an Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering at Stanford University, is developing methods for “refining” wastewater. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this investigative solo deep dive, Darin exposes the ongoing PFAS contamination crisis, the "forever chemicals" found in drinking water, clothing, carpets, cookware, cosmetics, food packaging, and even firefighting foam. Sparked by a Frontline investigation into the carpet industry in Dalton, Georgia, this episode expands far beyond one region and reveals a global supply chain problem affecting nearly every American. This episode is urgent. With 99% of people showing measurable PFAS levels in their blood, this is not about fear. It's about sovereignty. It's about awareness. It's about eliminating silent accumulation and reclaiming control over your environment. This is not luxury health. This is foundational freedom.     In This Episode What PFAS are and why they're called "forever chemicals" The Dalton, Georgia carpet industry case and wastewater contamination Internal corporate knowledge from 3M and DuPont decades ago Why PFAS contamination is global, not regional Everyday exposure: waterproof clothing, yoga pants, school uniforms, outdoor gear Nonstick cookware and safer alternatives Microwave popcorn bags and grease-resistant packaging Cosmetics, mascara, and fluorinated compounds Firefighting foam contamination at airports and military bases Health impacts: immune suppression, thyroid disruption, cancer risk Why water filtration is your first line of defense Emerging detox strategies: fiber, blood donation, microbiome support The role of regulation rollbacks and corporate accountability Algae-based PFAS alternatives already entering the market     Chapters 00:00:00 – Welcome to SuperLife: sovereignty, health, and responsibility 00:00:33 – Sponsor: Truniagen NAD supplement 00:02:17 – Why this PFAS episode is urgent and investigative 00:03:07 – The Frontline documentary: Dalton, Georgia & carpet contamination 00:04:31 – What PFAS / PFOA actually do and why they were adopted 00:05:45 – "Miracle chemistry" without proper safety testing 00:06:07 – Persistence: PFAS do not break down in the environment 00:06:38 – Wastewater discharge & farmland contamination 00:07:50 – Dead livestock, contaminated groundwater & generational impact 00:08:23 – 3M, DuPont, internal documents & decades of corporate knowledge 00:08:52 – Long-chain vs short-chain PFAS replacements 00:09:20 – Clothing exposure: waterproof jackets, yoga pants, uniforms 00:10:24 – Cookware exposure & safer alternatives 00:10:57 – Cosmetics & Environmental Working Group resources 00:11:17 – Sponsor: Shakeology & seven layers of quality testing 00:13:03 – Lack of labeling transparency 00:13:20 – Firefighting foam & military base contamination 00:14:05 – Health risks: immune suppression, thyroid, cholesterol, cancer 00:14:35 – 99% of Americans have PFAS in their blood 00:15:01 – Erin Brockovich & environmental legal activism 00:15:33 – Personal action step #1: Reverse osmosis water filtration 00:16:04 – Testing well water & municipal pressure 00:16:28 – Personal action step #2: Eliminating household exposures 00:17:25 – Emerging research: oat beta glucan fiber 00:18:03 – Firefighter study: blood donation lowering PFAS levels 00:18:32 – Microbiome & mycelium detox research 00:18:56 – Moving beyond fear into empowered action 00:19:23 – Phasing out toxic clothing & upgrading environment gradually 00:20:15 – Stockholm Convention & global treaties 00:20:52 – EPA regulations & rollback frustrations 00:21:19 – Innovation outrunning safety 00:21:50 – Share this episode & create consumer pressure 00:22:28 – Clean water, clean soil, clean products as human rights 00:22:54 – Terem Labs & algae-based PFAS alternatives 00:23:27 – Building a safe home environment as first step 00:24:15 – Final call to action: demand transparency & push reform     Thank You to Our Sponsors Shakeology: Get 15% off with code DARINO1BODI at Shakeology.com. Truniagen: Go to www.truniagen.com and use code DARIN20 at checkout for 20% off     Join the SuperLife Community Get Darin's deeper wellness breakdowns, beyond social media restrictions: Weekly voice notes Ingredient deep dives Wellness challenges Energy + consciousness tools Community accountability Extended episodes Join for $7.49/month → https://patreon.com/darinolien     Find More from Darin Olien: Instagram: @darinolien Podcast: SuperLife Podcast Website: superlife.com Book: Fatal Conveniences     Key Takeaway PFAS shows us what happens when innovation outruns safety. This is not about panic. It's about power. Clean water, clean soil, clean products; these are not luxuries. They are the foundation of sovereignty, freedom, and long-term health. Awareness is rising. Alternatives are emerging. Industry shifts when consumers shift. Make one change today. Then another. That's how we win.     Bibliography/Sources Australian Red Cross Lifeblood / University of New England. (2022). Effect of Plasma and Blood Donations on Levels of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Firefighters in Australia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2791196 Boston University / University of Massachusetts Lowell. (2024). An oat fiber intervention for reducing PFAS body burden: A pilot study. (Published in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2024.117163 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2022). Guidance on PFAS Exposure, Testing, and Clinical Follow-Up. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26156/guidance-on-pfas-exposure-testing-and-clinical-follow-up Environmental Health Perspectives. (2021). Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity and Human Health Review: Current State of Knowledge and Strategies for Informing Future Research. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7906952/ New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) / IARC. (2024). Carcinogenicity of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS). https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2401611 FRONTLINE. (2024). Contaminated: The Carpet Industry's Toxic Legacy. (Investigative Documentary). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_j66vAunXk United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2024). Final PFAS National Primary Drinking Water Regulation. https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas