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 Listen to the Show Right Click to Save GuestsWimberley Players The Gin GameWhat We Talked About

Click to listen to episode (5:03)Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.) Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 1-29-21. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of February 1, 2021. MUSIC – ~12 sec – instrumental That’s part of “Directional,” by the Richmond, Va., band Carbon Leaf, from their 1995 album, “Meander.”  In Richmond, the 2021 Virginia General Assembly has been considering over 1600 bills and resolutions as it sets directions for the Commonwealth’s laws, policies, and budget. This is Virginia Water Radio’s annual episode giving youa chance to imagine being an Assembly member, and to consider how you’d vote on some of this year’s water-related measures.  I’ll give brief descriptions of each of five measures, based on information from the Virginia Legislative Information System as of January 29.  You’ll have a few seconds of a ticking clock sound to decide if you would vote for or against the idea, and then I’ll give the measure’s status, also as of January 29.No. 1.  House of Delegates Joint Resolution 556is a proposed constitutional amendment stating, in part, that “In the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies, it is the policy of the Commonwealth to follow the principles of environmental justice, including the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of every person regardless of race, color, national origin, or income.”  [SOUND – ~2 sec – ticking]  This resolution was in a House committee. No. 2.  Senate Bill 1291 would require that any application for a water-withdrawal permit must include a water-auditing plan and a leak-detection and -repair plan.  [SOUND – ~2 sec – ticking]  This bill had passed the Senate and moved to the House. No. 3.  House Bill 1983 would set conditions for water-protection permit applicants who are seeking mitigation credits for impacts to wetlands or streams, to purchase such credits from a mitigation bank not located in the sub-watershed where the impacts occur.  [SOUND – ~2 sec – ticking]  This bill had passed the House and was in a Senate committee. No. 4.  House Bill 1937, a complicated measure called the “Green New Deal Act,” would, among other things, set a moratorium on new fossil-fuel projects, establish requirements for percentages of electricity generation from renewable sources, require a state Climate Action Plan, set a goal to reduce building energy consumption by 36 percent by 2036, and promote environmental justice in various ways.  [SOUND – ~2 sec – ticking]  The bill was in a House committee. And No. 5.  House Bill 2265 would repeal several previous acts by the General Assembly that promoted renewable energy and called for regulating carbon emissions from fossil fuel-based electricity plants.  [SOUND – ~2 sec – ticking]  The bill was in a House committee. This short game certainly doesn’t capture the scope of the General Assembly’s potential impacts on a subject as complicated, connected, and vital as water.  These measures all involve more details than you heard here, and many other significant measures are also under consideration.  The General Assembly’s Web site, virginiageneralassembly.gov, has tools to help you get more information and express your opinions to Assembly members.  The 2021 General Assembly is scheduled to adjourn on February 11, so now’s the time. Thanks to Carbon Leaf for permission to use this week’s music, and we close with about 10 more seconds of “Directional.” MUSIC – ~ 11 sec – instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Directional,” from the 1995 album “Meander,” is copyright by Carbon Leaf, used with permission.  More information about Carbon Leaf is available online at https://www.carbonleaf.com/.  Lyrics for “Directional” and many other Carbon Leaf songs are available online at https://www.azlyrics.com/c/carbonleaf.html. Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Virginia House of Delegates virtual floor session, February 1, 2021.  Shown in the image are Speaker of the House Eileen Filler-Corn (D-41st District) (back and left) and House Clerk Suzette Denslow.   Image taken as screen shot from House livestream, accessed online at https://virginiageneralassembly.gov/house/chamber/chamberstream.php, 2/1/21 at 4:50 p.m. EST.Virginia Senate floor session on January 29, 2019, being held at a pavilion at the Science Museum of Virginia in Richmond.  Image taken as screen shot from Senate livestream archive, accessed online at http://virginia-senate.granicus.com/ViewPublisher.php?view_id=3, 2/1/21. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT LEGISLATION MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE Following are Virginia Legislative Information System (LIS) summaries of the one resolution and four bills mentioned in this episode, as of January 29, 2021, accessed at http://lis.virginia.gov/.  The resolution and bill numbers are hyperlinked to the respective LIS pages for each measure. 1.  House Joint Resolution 556 - Constitutional amendment; environmental justice (first reference).  “Section 5. Environmental justice.  In the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies, it is the policy of the Commonwealth to follow the principles of environmental justice, including the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of every person regardless of race, color, national origin, or income. Further, it is the policy of the Commonwealth to ensure that no population, especially minority, low-income, or historically economically disadvantaged communities, faces higher levels or greater impacts of pollution and climate change than other populations.” 2.  Senate Bill 1291 - Va. Water Protection Permit; withdrawal of surface water or ground water, plans for water auditing, leak detection.  “Requires that any application for a permit to withdraw surface water or ground water include a water-auditing plan and a leak-detection and -repair plan that comply with regulations adopted by the State Water Control Board pursuant to the provisions of the bill.” 3.  House Bill 1983 - Wetland and stream mitigation banks; proximity of impacted site.  “Provides that when a water protection permit applicant is required to purchase wetland or stream mitigation bank credits but no credits are available (either (i) in any mitigation provider's primary service area or (ii) at a cost of less than 200 percent of the price of credits available from a fund dedicated to achieving no net loss of wetland acreage and functions), the applicant may purchase or use credits from a mitigation provider's secondary service area.  The bill provides certain requirements that the permit applicant must comply with in order to purchase or use such credits from a secondary service area, including minimum tree canopy requirements.”  [Virginia Water Radio note: The bill defines “secondary service area” as “the area outside the primary service area but within the same physiographic province in which the bank is located and any adjacent physiographic province within the same river watershed.”] 4.  House Bill 1937 - Green New Deal Act, establishes a moratorium, effective January 1, 2022, etc.  “Establishes a moratorium, effective January 1, 2022, on approval by any state agency or political subdivision of any approval required for (i) electric generating facilities that generate fossil fuel energy through the combustion of a fossil fuel resource; (ii) import or export terminals for fossil fuel resources; (iii) certain maintenance activities relating to an import or export terminal for a fossil fuel resource; (iv) gathering lines or pipelines for the transport of any fossil fuel resource that  require the use of eminent domain on private property; (v) certain maintenance activities relating to such gathering lines or pipelines; (vi) refineries of a fossil fuel resource; and (vii) exploration for any type of fossil fuel, unless preempted by applicable federal law.  The measure also requires that at least 80 percent of the electricity sold by a retail electric supplier in calendar years 2028 through 2035 be generated from clean energy resources.  In calendar year 2036 and every calendar year thereafter, 100 percent of the electricity sold by a retail electric supplier is required to be generated from clean energy resources.  The clean energy mandates apply to a public utility or other person that sells not less than 1,000 megawatt hours of electric energy to retail customers or generates not less than 1,000 megawatt hours of electric energy for use by the person.  The Director of the Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy [the Department] is authorized to bring actions for injunctions to enforce these requirements.  The measure requires the Department to adopt a Climate Action Plan that addresses all aspects of climate change, including mitigation, adaptation, resiliency, and assistance in the transition from current energy sources to clean renewable energy.  The measure provides that any retail electric supplier that fails to meet any goal or benchmark is liable for a civil penalty equal to twice the cost of the financial investment necessary to meet such goal or mandate that was not achieved, or three times the cost of the financial investment necessary to meet such goal or benchmark that was not achieved if not met in an environmental justice community. “The measure provides that it is the goal of the Commonwealth to achieve a 36 percent reduction in electric energy consumption in buildings by 2036.  The measure requires the Department, in coordination with the Virginia Council on Environmental Justice (Council) to establish performance benchmarks for environmental justice communities and to establish programs for jobs for people in environmental justice communities.  The measure requires the Council to develop and make available to each state agency training modules designed to facilitate the promotion of environmental justice. “The measure requires the Department to establish the Transitioning Workers Program (the Program) to provide support for workers in the fossil fuel industry and affected communities and provide such workers job training, relocation support, income and benefit support, and early retirement benefits.  The measure provides for funding such program by 20 percent of the revenue generated by the allowance auction established by the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality.  The measure prohibits the Commission from approving construction of any new utility-owned generating facilities that emit carbon dioxide as a by-product of combusting fuel to generate electricity.  The measure requires that all utility costs associated with the construction of, acquisition of, or agreements to purchase the energy, capacity, and environmental attributes of certain required generation and storage facilities are recovered through the utility's rates for generation and distribution services. “The measure requires that under the renewable energy portfolio standard program, Dominion Energy Virginia and American Electric Power be required to produce their electricity from 80 percent renewable sources by 2028 and 100 percent by 2036.  The measure increases the incremental energy efficiency savings that each investor-owned incumbent electric utility is required to achieve that start in 2022 at 2.4 percent for American Electric Power and Dominion Energy Virginia of the average annual energy retail sales by that utility in 2020 and increases those savings annually.” 5.  House Bill 2265 - Regulation of electric utilities; development of renewable energy facilities; powers of Air Pollution Control Board; powers of State Corporation Commission.  “Repeals provisions (i) requiring the Air Pollution Control Board to adopt regulations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from any electricity generating unit in the Commonwealth and authorizing the Board to establish an auction program for energy allowances; (ii) prohibiting the State Corporation Commission from approving any new utility-owned generation facilities that emit carbon dioxide as a by-product of energy generation, in certain circumstances; (iii) declaring that statutory allowances for energy derived from sunlight, onshore wind, offshore wind, and storage facilities are in the public interest; and (iv) relating to the development of solar and wind generation and energy storage capacity, development of offshore wind capacity, and generation of electricity from renewable and zero carbon sources.  The bill provides that planning and development activities for new nuclear generation facilities are in the public interest.” SOURCES Used for Audio Virginia Legislative Information System, online at https://lis.virginia.gov/lis.htm.  This site provides lists and summaries of all bills, searchable by topic, member, committee, etc.  As of January 28, 2021, “Session Statistics,” online at https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?211+oth+STA, indicated 1233 measures (House or Senate bills, resolutions, or joint resolutions) had been introduced for the 2021 session and 385 measures were continued from 2020, making a total of 1618 measures under consideration in 2021.Virginia General Assembly, online at http://virginiageneralassembly.gov/index.php.  This Web site offers several useful features, including member lists, session calendars, live video of floor sessions, and information on legislative processes. For More Information about the Virginia General Assembly Virginia House of Delegates Appropriations Committee, “Legislative Budget Process,” online at http://hac.virginia.gov/legislative.htm. Virginia House of Delegates live stream video archive, online at https://virginiageneralassembly.gov/house/chamber/chamberstream.php, and Virginia Senate live stream video archive, online at http://virginia-senate.granicus.com/ViewPublisher.php?view_id=3.To express an opinion on legislation, citizens are requested to contact their respective delegate of senator.  If you do not know your representatives or their contact information, you can use the online “Who’s My Legislator” service, available at http://whosmy.virginiageneralassembly.gov/.  You can find members’ contact information at these links: House: http://virginiageneralassembly.gov/house/members/members.php; Senate: https://apps.senate.virginia.gov/Senator/index.php. The Lobbyist-In-A-Box subscriber service also offers free tracking for up to five bills, and it offers tracking of more than five bills for a fee; visit http://lis.virginia.gov/h015.htm.  For assistance, phone Legislative Automated Systems at (804) 786-9631.Virginia Water Resources Research Center, “Virginia Water Central News Grouper” posts on the Virginia General Assembly are available online at https://vawatercentralnewsgrouper.wordpress.com/?s=General+Assembly.  Items ar

 Listen to the Show Right Click to Save GuestsThe Hideout TheatreaGLIFFWhat We Talked About

Click to listen to episode (4:04)Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.) Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 1-22-21. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of January 25, 2021. MUSIC – ~14 sec – instrumental That’s part of “Midwinter Etude,” by Timothy Seaman, of Williamsburg, Va.  It opens an episode about a kind of hawk that’s commonly found around eastern Virginia marshlands in wintertime.  Have a listen for about 10 seconds to the following mystery sound, and see if you know this bird of prey. [Clarification, not in audio: “raptor” is a more precise term for hawks and related birds than is “bird of prey.”]  And here’s a hint: what might you call a cross-country runner located far north of Virginia? SOUNDS  - ~11 sec If you guessed a Northern Harrier, you’re right!  Besides being a name for cross-country runners, harrier refers to a group of birds within the family that includes hawks, eagles, and kites.  The Northern Harrier is the only harrier species found in North America.  Occurring widely across the continent, this species sometimes is a summer breeder in southeastern coastal Virginia, but it’s more typically found in the Commonwealth during winter.It was formerly called the Marsh Hawk because it’s frequently found around marshes, as well as in meadows, grasslands, and other open, vegetated areas.  In these areas, it flies low over the ground in search of its usual prey of small mammals, other birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects.  Northern Harriers are also capable of taking larger prey like rabbits and ducks, and    they’ve been reported to overcome some of these larger animals by drowning them.  The Northern Harrier’s face looks somewhat like that of an owl, and, according to the National Audubon Society, the bird also resembles owls in using sharp hearing to help locate its prey.  As Alice and Robert Lippson put it in their book, Life in the Chesapeake Bay, quote, “Northern Harriers have an owl-like facial disc that apparently concentrates the sound of its prey; couple this with its keen eyesight, and mice and voles are in constant jeopardy of becoming lunch.” Thanks to Lang Elliott for permission to use the Northern Harrier sounds, from the Stokes Field Guide to Bird Songs.  Thanks also to Timothy Seaman for permission to use part of “Midwinter Etude.”  We close with a little more music, in honor of all wild creatures, including harriers and other hawks.  Here’s about 10 seconds of “All Creatures Were Meant to Be Free,” by Bob Gramann of Fredericksburg, Va.  MUSIC – ~12 sec – instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Midwinter Etude,” from the 1996 album “Incarnation,” is copyright by Timothy Seaman and Pine Wind Music, used with permission.  More information about Mr. Seaman is available online at http://timothyseaman.com/en/.  The Northern Harrier sounds were from the Stokes Field Guide to Bird Songs-Eastern Region CD set, by Lang Elliott with Donald and Lillian Stokes (Time Warner Audio Books, copyright 1997), used with permission of Lang Elliott.  Lang Elliot’s work is available online at the “Music of Nature” Web site, http://www.musicofnature.org/. “All Creatures Were Meant to Be Free,” from the 1995 album “Mostly True Songs,” is copyright by Bob Gramann, used with permission.  More information about Bob Gramann is available online at https://www.bobgramann.com/.  This music was previously used by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 524, 5-11-20. Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com. IMAGES Painting of Marsh Hawk (former common name for Northern Harrier), originally published between 1827 and 1838 by John James Audubon in Birds of America (plate 356).  Image made available for public use by the National Audubon Society, online at https://www.audubon.org/birds-of-america; specific URL for this image was https://www.audubon.org/birds-of-america/marsh-hawk, as of 1-22-21.  Northern Harrier in flight at Nantucket National Wildlife Refuge in Massachusetts, July 2011.  Photo by Amanda Boyd, made available for public use by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s National Digital Library, online at http://digitalmedia.fws.gov; specific URL for this image was https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/13235/rec/1, as of 1-22-21. Northern Harrier, photographed in southeastern Virginia, January 23, 2021.  Photo by iNaturalist user keyojimbo, made available online at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/68521040(as of 1-25-21) for use under Creative Commons license “Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.”  Information about this Creative Commons license is available online at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT THE NORTHERN HARRIER The scientific name of the Northern Harrier is Circus hudsonius. The following information is excerpted from the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries), “Fish and Wildlife Information Service/Tundra Swan,” online at https://vafwis.dgif.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=040094&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=18649. Physical Description “Adult female [is] brown above and on tail bands; lighter brown below with heavy brown streaking.  [Adult] male [is] ashy gray above and on tail bands; white with cinnamon spots below; wing tips black.  [B]oth sexes have long banded tail with prominent white rump patch.  [F]lies a few feet above ground; tilting from side to side and holding its long narrow wings upwards at slight angle.” Reproduction and Behavior “[R]itualized courtship, calls, skydancing, performed by male to advertise territory; males arrive at breeding grounds ahead of females; male provides food during incubation and early nestling period by passing food items to female in flight; rarely visits nest himself….  [N]ests built on ground often in marshy areas and surrounded by low shrubs or tall grasses rather than open.  [N]est is small structure of reeds and sticks on dry ground….  Forage by slowly flying over marshes and fields, usually below 10 feet (3 meters); they generally take small mammals but also use birds, [reptiles and amphibians], and insects. Status of Population“Harriers occur in relatively low numbers as breeders in Virginia, where they may be found using both open marshes and open upland grassland habitat.  Their numbers swell during the winter with the influx of migrants, and it is this winter population that should be the focus of conservation efforts.  Like other grassland species, Harriers rely on relatively large tracts, such that preserving and restoring blocks of native grasslands is a high priority conservation action for this species.  Wintering harriers will likewise use emergent wetlands; identification, protection, and management (for example, Phragmites control) of suitable marshes will be necessary to ensure continued habitat availability for this species…” SOURCES Used for Audio Alaska Department of Fish and Game, “Sounds Wild/Northern Harrier,” 1 min./31 sec. podcast, online at https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/index.cfm?adfg=soundswild.episode&title=Northern%20Harrier. John James Audubon, Birds of America, online by The National Audubon Society at https://www.audubon.org/birds-of-america.  The entry for the Marsh Hawk (the former common name for the Northern Harrier) is online at https://www.audubon.org/birds-of-america/marsh-hawk. Chesapeake Bay Program, “Field Guide/Birds,” online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/all/birds/all.  The Northern Harrier entry is online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/entry/northern_harrier; “Raptors” is online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/all/birds/raptors); and “Marshes and Wetlands” is online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/marshes_wetlands/all/all. Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “All About Birds,” online at http://www.allaboutbirds.org.  The Northern Harrier entry is online at https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Harrier. Encyclopedia Britannica, “Bird of prey,” online at https://www.britannica.com/animal/bird-of-prey; and “Harrier,” online at https://www.britannica.com/animal/harrier-bird. Goddess of Never Broken blog site, “The Harrier Incident,” April 9, 2013, online at https://maibey.wordpress.com/tag/northern-harrier-drowning-prey/.  This blot post has a series of photos showing a Northern Harrier drowning an American Coot. Alice Jane Lippson and Robert L. Lippson, Life in the Chesapeake Bay-3rd Edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md., 2006, page 234. National Audubon Society, “Guide to North American Birds/Northern Harrier,” online at https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/northern-harrier. Chandler S. Robbins et al., A Guide to Field Identification of Birds of North America, St. Martin’s Press, New York, N.Y., 2001. Stan Tekiela, Birds of Virginia Field Guide, Adventure Publications, Inc., Cambridge, Minn., 2002. University of Missouri Raptor Rehabilitation Project, “Raptor Facts,” online at http://raptorrehab.cvm.missouri.edu/raptor-facts/. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries), “Fish and Wildlife Information Service/Northern Harrier,” online at https://vafwis.dgif.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=040094&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=18649. For More Information about Birds in Virginia and Elsewhere Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “Birds of the World,” online at https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home(subscription required). Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “Merlin Photo ID.”  The application for mobile devices allows users to submit a bird photograph to get identification of the bird. Information is available online at http://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/. Cornell University Lab of Ornithology and the Audubon Society, “eBird,” online at https://ebird.org/home.  Here you can find locations of species observations made by contributors, and you can sign up to contribute your own observations. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, “Animal Diversity Web,” online at https://animaldiversity.org/. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, “List of Native and Naturalized Fauna of Virginia, April 2018,” online (as a PDF) at https://dwr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/virginia-native-naturalized-species.pdf.Virginia Society of Ornithology, online at http://www.virginiabirds.org/.  The Society is a non-profit organization dedicated to the study, conservation, and enjoyment of birds in the Commonwealth. Xeno-canto Foundation Web site, online at http://www.xeno-canto.org/.  This site provides bird songs from around the world. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Birds” subject category. The Northern Harrier was one of the birds included in Episode 430, 7-23-18, on birds associated with marshes.  (Other birds featured in that episode are the Great Blue Heron, Wood Duck, Least Bittern, Common Moorhen, and Marsh Wren). Following are links to other episodes on raptors (often also referred to as “birds of prey”). Bald Eagle – Episode 375, 7-3-17.Barred Owl – Episode 382 – 8-21-17.Eastern Screech-Owl – Episode 227, 8-18-14.Osprey – Episode 116, 6-25-12; Episode 175, 8-19-13. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode’s audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining

Audio - Sayings from the Cross 1They say the last words a person speaks is important. The gospel accounts record seven last sayings of Jesus Christ. If His words are important to our souls and eternity, we should listen and pay close attention.

 Listen to the Show Right Click to Save GuestsWe spoke to John Riedie of Austin Creative Allianceand Ann Ciccolella of Austin Shakespeare about the proposed funding from the Cultural Arts DivisionWhat We Talked About

Click to listen to episode (3:50) Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.) Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 1-15-21. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of January 18, 2021.  This episode is a revised repeat of an episode from January 2015. MUSIC – ~16 sec – instrumental This week, we feature a tune whose name and note patterns recall how rivers and streams follow laws of energy and physics.  Have a listen for about 40 seconds. MUSIC – ~39 sec – instrumental You’ve been listening to part of “Minor Meander,” by No Strings Attached, on their 1999 album, “In the Vinyl Tradition Volume II,” from Enessay Music.  As the tune repeatedly builds up and then cascades down, it captures the pattern of solar energy evaporating water up into the atmosphere, and gravitational energy pulling water back to the landscape, through stream and river channels, and ultimately to the ocean.  That energy gives water the forceto erode and shape a stream’s channel and floodplain.  Water’s erosive force—which varies depending on the water’s rate of flow—meets different levels of resistance in the various kinds of rocks, soils, living things, and human structures over which water flows.  The complicated interaction between stream force and materials resistance results in a variety of stream-channel patterns.  These pattern range from straight, single-channel streams to braided rivers with many winding and intersecting channels.  One of the possible patterns is large changes in direction, called meanders or bends, seen famously in the Seven Bends area of the North Fork Shenandoah River in Shenandoah County, Va. Thanks to No Strings Attached for permission to use this week’s music, and we close with about 15 more seconds of musical energy in “Minor Meander.” MUSIC – ~15 sec – instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 248, 1-12-15. “Minor Meander” and “In the Vinyl Tradition Volume II” are copyright by No Strings Attached and Enessay Music, used with permission.  “Minor Meander” was composed by Wes Chappell and appeared originally on No Strings Attached’s 1986 album, “Dulcimer Dimensions.”  More information about the now-retired group No Strings Attached is available online at https://www.enessay.com/index.html.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 500, 11-25-19. Thanks to Kevin McGuire, associate director of the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, for his help with this episode. Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Post card image (dated between 1930 and 1945) of part of the Seven Bends of the North Fork Shenandoah River, in Shenandoah County, Virginia.  From the Boston Public Library, made available for use (with no known copyright restrictions) by the Digital Pubic Library of America, online at https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:2z10wt39r.Meanders in the South Fork Shenandoah River, as seen from Cullers Overlook in Andy Guest/Shenandoah River State Park in Warren County, Va., March 12, 2014.Satellite image showing meanders in the Mississippi River as it approaches the Gulf of Mexico.  This image is part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s “Find a Feature Challenge: Meander” Web page, online at https://www.usgs.gov/media/galleries/find-a-feature-meander, 1/18/21.SOURCES Used for Audio Encyclopedia Britannica, “Meander,” online at http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/371575/meander.Nancy D. Gordon et al., Stream Hydrology: An Introduction for Ecologists, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1992.National Park Service, “Fluvial Features—Meandering Stream,” online at https://www.nps.gov/articles/meandering-stream.htm. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, “Seven Bends State Park,” online at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/state-parks/seven-bends. For More Information about Watersheds, Streams and Rivers, and Other Water Science Topics U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) “Water Science School,” online at https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Rivers, Streams, and Other Surface Water” subject category. Following are links to some other episodes on patterns in streams, rivers, and watersheds. Estuaries – Episode 326, 7-25-16.Forks in Waterways – Episode 545, 10-5-20.Headwater Streams – Episode 397, 12-4-17.Mountain Gaps – Episode 288, 11-2-15.River Bluffs – Episode 173, 8-5-13.Virginia's Peninsulas – Episode 273, 7-6-15Watersheds – Episode 156, 4-8-13; Episode 209, 4-14-14; Episode 251, 2-2-15. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode’s audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2018 Science SOLs Grades K-3 plus 5: Force, Motion, and Energy2.2 – Different types of forces may cause an object’s motion to change.3.2 – Direction and size of force affects the motion of an object.5.2 – Energy can take many forms.5.3 – There is a relationship between force and energy of moving objects. Grades K-3 plus 5: Matter3.3 – Materials interact with water. 5.7 – Matter has properties and interactions. Grades K-5: Earth and Space SystemsK.10 – Change occurs over time.5.8 – Earth constantly changes. Grades K-5: Earth Resources3.8 – Natural events and humans influence ecosystems.4.8. – Virginia has important natural resources. Grade 66.4 – There are basic sources of energy and that energy can be transformed.6.6 – Water has unique physical properties and has a role in the natural and human-made environment.6.8 – Land and water have roles in watershed systems. Physical SciencePS.8 – Work, force, and motion are related.  Earth ScienceES.8 – Freshwater resources influence and are influenced by geologic processes and human activity. PhysicsPH.4 – Conservation laws govern all interactions. 2015 Social Studies SOLs Grades K-3 Geography Theme1.6 – Virginia climate, seasons, and landforms. Virginia Studies CourseVS.10 – Knowledge of government, geography, and economics in present-day Virginia. World Geography CourseWG.2 – How selected physical and ecological processes shape the Earth’s surface, including climate, weather, and how humans influence their environment and are influenced by it. Virginia’s SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/. Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade levels. Episode 250,1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.Episode 255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade.Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living vs. non-living, for kindergarten.Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12thgrade.Episode 333, 9-12-16 – on dissolved gases, especially dissolved oxygen in aquatic habitats, for 5th grade.Episode 403, 1-15-18 – on freezing and ice, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.Episode 404, 1-22-18 – on ice on ponds and lakes, for 4th through 8thgrade.Episode 406, 2-5-18 – on ice on rivers, for middle school.Episode 407, 2-12-18 – on snow chemistry and physics, for high school.Episode 483, 7-29-19 – on buoyancy and drag, for middle school and high school.Episode 524, 5-11-20 – on sounds by water-related animals, for elementary school through high school.Episode 531, 6-29-20 – on various ways that animals get water, for 3rdand 4th grade.Episode 539, 8-24-20 – on basic numbers and facts about Virginia’s water resources, for 4th and 6th grade.

Audio - What is the Truth?Pontius Pilate asked the question, “What is truth?” In this lesson we’ll examine Pilate’s question, asking the question, “Where does one find the truth on spiritual and moral matters when our culture doesn’t believe in absolutes?”

Audio - Saved or Lost?There is a big difference between being saved and being lost. There is a big difference between standing in the grace of God or being rejected by the Lord. Being right with the Lord is the most critical matter of all.

Come on an auditory adventure with the Ember Island Podcast (Leslie and Barbara) as we analyze, review, and rave about every episode of Avatar: The Last Airbender (and The Legend of Korra) from start to finish! This episode's discussion includes: This is our namesake episode! Is this recap episode the best recap episode ever made? The Boy in the Iceberg: The Play, Zuko's a theater nerd, Katara and Hope, Sokka's hungry, Aang is a woman (keeping with theater tradition), stagehands for the win, "My name's Toph, because it sounds like Tough!", Zuko's fabulous hair is out of control, they have no idea how Mai and Ty Lee work, we discuss Kataang in length, how we were robbed of Toph's Zuko field trip, the 'finale' of play, and Zuko's character arc.   This episode includes the seventeenth episode of Season 3 of Avatar: The Last Airbender: Book 3: Fire: Chapter 17: The Ember Island Players Contact us at: EmberIslandPod@gmail.com  

Come on an auditory adventure with the Ember Island Podcast (Leslie and Barbara) as we analyze, review, and rave about every episode of Avatar: The Last Airbender (and The Legend of Korra) from start to finish! This episode's discussion includes: We ship the Painted Lady and The Blue Spirit, Katara hates Zutara fanfiction, Azula makes it ("Of course she did") and the metaphors associated, why Katara doesn't trust Zuko right now, Sokka and Suki's Love Tent (how did they get away with it???), Everyone's opinion on Katara's revenge (and how they are all justified in their own way), Katara's childhood trauma is explored, Zuko helps Katara gain closure, bloodbending, the Last Waterbender, and Katara gives the coldest burn to the worst man.Warning: Sokka's romantic evening is ruined and almost-murder ahead! Trigger Warning: Body control, loss of agency, genocide, murder, and childhood trauma are discussed.   

 Click to listen to episode (4:11) Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.) Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 1-8-21. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of January 11, 2021. SOUND - ~6 sec This week, rain and thunder open an episode about the recurrence in 2020 of a record-breaking rainy year in parts of Virginia.  We set the stage with some music using rain imagery and metaphors.  Have a listen for about 30 seconds. MUSIC  - ~30 sec – Lyrics: “Buy for me the rain, my darlin’, buy for me the rain.  Buy for me the crystal pools that fall upon the plain.  And I’ll buy for you a rainbow and a million pots of gold.  Buy it for me now, babe, before I am too old.” You’ve been listening to part of “Buy For Me The Rain,” performed by the Andrew and Noah VanNorstrand Band.  For much of 2020 throughout Virginia, there was no need to “buy” any rain, because it fell in amounts well above normal.  2020 was the second year in the past three that annual total precipitation—that is, rainfall plus the water equivalent of frozen precipitation—far exceeded normal values across Virginia.  The current normal values are based on observations from 1981 to 2010. This past year was a rapid follow-up to the extraordinarily wet year of 2018, when five National Weather Service observation locations in Virginia set all-time annual precipitation records.  2020 didn’t quite equal that soaker year, but still in the past 12 months, two Weather Service locations—Lynchburg and Roanoke—set records, as they both also did in 2018.  At 12 Weather Service locations across the Commonwealth, 2020 amounts were at least about 8 inches above the normal values, which range across the state from around 40 inches in southwest Virginia to over 46 inches in Norfolk.  The Lynchburg site in 2020 was more than 28 inches above its normal, and the Roanoke site was more than 21 inches above. When it comes to what Virginia gained this past year in rainfall, and the resulting additions to surface water and groundwater supplies, the Commonwealth definitely got its money’s worth. Thanks to Andrew VanNorstrand for permission to use part of his band’s version of “Buy For Me The Rain.”  We close with some more music, with a title that’s just right for Virginia’s rapid repeat of a rainy year.  Here’s about 15 seconds of “Rain Refrain,” by Torrin Hallett, a graduate student at Lamont School of Music in Denver. MUSIC  - ~17 sec – instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The rain and thunder sounds were recorded by Virginia Water Radio in Blacksburg, Va., on September 28, 2016. The version of “Buy For Me The Rain” from the 2012 album “Andrew and Noah Band” on Great Bear Records is copyright by Andrew and Noah VanNorstrand, used with permission of Andrew VanNorstrand.  The song was written by Steve Noonan and Greg Copeland (Warner-Tamerlane, BMI); more information about releases of this song is available online at https://secondhandsongs.com/work/119556/all.  More information about Andrew and Noah VanNorstrand is available online at https://andrewandnoah.bandcamp.com/.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio in Episode 532, 7-6-20. “Rain Refrain” is copyright 2016 by Torrin Hallett, used with permission.  Click here if you’d like to hear the full piece (43 seconds).  Torrin is a 2018 graduate of Oberlin College and Conservatory in Oberlin, Ohio, and a 2020 graduate in Horn Performance from Manhattan School of Music in New York.  As of 2020-21, he is a performance certificate candidate at the Lamont School of Music at the University of Denver.  More information about Torrin is available online at https://www.facebook.com/torrin.hallett.  Thanks to Torrin for composing the piece especially for Virginia Water Radio.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 480, 7-8-19, on water cycle diagrams.  Following are other music pieces composed by Torrin for Virginia Water Radio, with episodes featuring the music. “A Little Fright Music” – used in Episode 548, 10-26-20, on water-related passages in fiction and non-fiction, for Halloween.“Beetle Ballet” – used in Episode 525, 5-18-20, on aquatic beetles.“Chesapeake Bay Ballad” – used in Episode 537, 8-10-20, on conditions in the Chesapeake Bay.“Corona Cue” – used in Episode 517, 3-23-20, on the coronavirus pandemic. “Geese Piece” – used most recently in Episode 440, 10-1-18, on E-bird. “Ice Dance” – used in Episode 556, 12-21-20, on how organisms survive freezing temperatures.“Lizard Lied” – used in Episode 514, 3-2-20, on lizards. “New Year’s Water” – used in Episode 349, 1-2-17, on the New Year. “Spider Strike” – used in Episode 523, 5-4-20, on fishing spiders.“Tropical Tantrum” – used most recently in Episode 489, 9-9-19, on storm surge and Hurricane Dorian.“Tundra Swan Song – used in Episode 554, 12-7-20, on Tundra Swans.“Turkey Tune” – used in Episode 343, 11-21-16, on the Wild Turkey. Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com. IMAGESShown below are the preliminary maps of Virginia precipitation approximately for 2020 (actually January 5, 2020, through January 4, 2021) from the High Plains Regional Climate Center, online at https://hprcc.unl.edu/maps.php?map=ACISClimateMaps.  The maps show total precipitation (in inches), departure from normal precipitation (also in inches), and percent of normal precipitation for the 12-month period ending January 4, 2021. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT VIRGINIA PRECIPITATION IN 2020 The table below has details on precipitation in 2020 at 10 National Weather Service (NWS) observation locations in or adjacent to Virginia.  The information in the table is from the following sources: “Observed Weather/Annual Climate Report” from the Blacksburg, Va., National Weather Service Forecast Offices, online at https://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=rnk, for Blacksburg, Bluefield, Danville, Lynchburg, and Roanoke; “Observed Weather/Annual Climate Report” from the Morristown, Tenn., National Weather Service Forecast Office, online at https://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mrx, for Bristol; “Local Data/Records/Top 10 List Precipitation” from the Wakefield, Va., National Weather Service Forecast Office, online at https://w2.weather.gov/climate/local_data.php?wfo=akq, for Norfolk and Richmond; “Local Data/Records/Washington Monthly Precipitation (since 1871)” and “Dulles Monthly Precipitation (since 1960)” online at https://w2.weather.gov/climate/local_data.php?wfo=lwx, for Reagan National Airport and Washington Dulles Airport. [Information not found for Charlottesville and Wallops Island.] According to the NWS, as of January 2021 precipitation values from 2020 are still preliminary; that is, they haven’t undergone final quality control by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC, now called the National Centers for Environmental Information) and therefore are subject to revision.  Final, certified climate data are available from online at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov.  Normal values currently used by the NWS are based on the period from 1981 to 2010.  The NCDC released these normal values in July 2011.  For information on the normal values, see the “Climate Normals” Web page at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/land-based-station-data/land-based-datasets/climate-normals. 2020 Precipitation Compared to Normal Values at 12 Virginia Locations R = record annual high for the given location. Location notes1 - The Bluefield location is the Mercer County, W. Va., airport, near the Va.-W.Va. state line.2 - The Bristol location is the Tri-Cities Airport in Tennessee, about 20 miles from Bristol, Va./Tenn.3 - The current Washington, D.C., location is Reagan National Airport is in Arlington County, Va.4 - Wallops Island is in Accomack County, Va.5 - Washington-Dulles Airport is in Loudoun County, Va. SOURCES Used for Audio Ian Livingston, Dozens of sites in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest have already logged their wettest year on record, Washington Post, 11/28/18. National Weather Service, “Snow Water Equivalent and Depth Information,” online at https://www.weather.gov/marfc/Snow. National Weather Service Forecast Office Web sites: *Baltimore-Washington, online at https://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=lwx), for Charlottesville, Washington-Dulles Airport in Loudoun County, and Washington-Reagan National Airport in Arlington County;*Blacksburg, Va., online at https://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=rnk, for Blacksburg, Bluefield, Danville, Lynchburg, and Roanoke;*Morristown, Tenn., online at https://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=mrx, for the Tri-Cities Airport, about 20 miles from Bristol, Va.-Tenn.;*Wakefield, Va., online at https://w2.weather.gov/climate/index.php?wfo=akq, for Norfolk, Richmond, and Wallops Island (Accomack County). Jason Samenow and Ian Livingston, Drenched city: 2018 is now Washington’s wettest year ever recorded, Washington Post, 12/15/18. U.S. Drought Monitor, “Tabular Data Archive/Virginia,” online at https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Data/DataTables.aspx?state,VA. U.S. Geological Survey, “Virginia Active Water Level Network,” online at https://groundwaterwatch.usgs.gov/statemap.asp?sc=51&sa=VA. U.S. Geological Survey, “Water Watch/Virginia/Streamflow Time Series Plot,” online at https://waterwatch.usgs.gov/index.php?id=real&sid=w__plot&r=va. For More Information about Precipitation in Virginia and Elsewhere Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHaS), “Virginia Daily Precipitation Reports,” online at http://www.cocorahs.org/state.aspx?state=va. High Plains Regional Climate Center, online at https://hprcc.unl.edu/maps.php?map=ACISClimateMaps).  This site provides maps of total precipitation and percent of normal precipitation for various periods of time going back five years.  Virginia is in the Southeast region.National Weather Service/Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service, online at http://water.weather.gov/precip/.  This site offers maps of precipitation nationwide or by state, with capability to show county boundaries, and archives available for specific days, months, or years. National Weather Service/Hydrometeorological Design Studies Center, “NOAA Atlas 14 Point Precipitation Frequency Estimates: Va.,” online at http://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/pfds_map_cont.html?bkmrk=va. National Weather Service/Storm Prediction Center, online at http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/online/.  This site provides daily maps and text for preliminary reports of severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hail. U.S. Climate Data, “Climate Virginia,” online at https://www.usclimatedata.com/climate/virginia/united-states/3216. Virginia Water Central News Grouper, “Virginia Water Status Report” monthly posts on precipitation and other water status aspects in Virginia, online at https://vawatercentralnewsgrouper.wordpress.com/?s=Virginia+Water+Status. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Weather/Climate/Natural Disasters” subject category.

 Listen to the Show Right Click to Save GuestsDifferent Stages Cricket on the HearthCity Theatre Austin Acts & Spoon River What We Talked AboutIn MemoriamRat-Tat-Tooie the musicalRatatouille YouTube LinkRatatouille PlaybillOde To RemyLazerousThank you to Dean Johanesen, lead singer of "The Human Condition" who gave us permission to use "Step Right Up" as our theme song, so please visit their website.. they're good! (that's an order)

Come on an auditory adventure with the Ember Island Podcast (Leslie and Barbara) as we analyze, review, and rave about every episode of Avatar: The Last Airbender (and The Legend of Korra) from start to finish! This episode half's discussion includes: Sokka's Zuko field trip! Sokka's hot dad, Zuko's friendship and tea journey, guilt, how easy it is to infiltrate a prison and just hang around, Suki's here, Suki reasonably decks a disguised Sokka (how is he so smart yet so dumb?), convenient chores, and a plan forms... Time Stamp: The Boiling Rock Part 2 starts at 1:10:53. This episode half's discussion includes: Sad Hot Dad is best Hot Dad, the warden is the warden in every prison movie, Mai is not happy- at all, Zuko's break up letter/text/post-it, the prison guards and warden are sooo dumb, Chit Sang, Zuko and Mai's stares say a thousand words, Bad Ass Suki, how diverse and skilled the ensemble is at fighting, and the complexity of Mai,Ty Lee, and Azula's friendships, the death of Azula's Angels, and the start of the downfall of Azula.  

Audio - What Will You Do with Jesus?You have an appointment that you cannot avoid: one day you must face the Lord. How you treat the Lord today will determine how the Lord will deal with you in eternity. What are you doing with Jesus?

Come on an auditory adventure with the Ember Island Podcast (Leslie and Barbara) as we analyze, review, and rave about every episode of Avatar: The Last Airbender (and The Legend of Korra) from start to finish! This episode includes: Our Zuko Fanfics All Came True (except Zutara), 'derpy' firebending, the origin of Iroh's title 'The Dragon of the West', The Sun Warriors, magic dragon dancing, the real test is walking up those stairs, the ending credit music, The Last Dragons and dragon color symbolism, another reason why Iroh is legendary, and what fire really is! This episode includes the thirteenth episode of Season 3 of Avatar: The Last Airbender: Book 3: Fire: Chapter 13: The Firebending Masters Contact us at: EmberIslandPod@gmail.com 

Audio - Jesus is Coming AgainJesus came in the first century to save humanity from sin. We do not when Jesus will come again, but we do know He is coming and what He will do. For believers, the second coming is a reason to rejoice!

 Listen to the Show Right Click to Save GuestsZACH Theatre Songs Under The StarsWhat We Talked AboutAnn Reinking Save Our Stages Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom West Bank Cafe Rattouile – Tic Tok Musical !? Cast Party – Orpheum cast party cookbook. Songs/YouTubesHamildolph Mean Girls Rockin’ Around The Pole Laura Benati – Everybody’s waiting for Home for the holidays – Mdu Madela & Nteliseng NkhelaThank you to Dean Johanesen, lead singer of "The Human Condition" who gave us permission to use "Step Right Up" as our theme song, so please visit their website.. they're good! (that's an order)

Click to listen to episode (5:02) Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.) Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 12-18-20. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of December 21, 2020.  This week, for the arrival of the winter solstice on December 21, we feature two cold-weather mystery sounds.  Have a listen for about 15 seconds and see if you know what the two sounds have in common. SOUNDS - ~15 sec If you guessed ice, you’re right!  You heard ice shifting on Claytor Lake in Pulaski County, Va., and pebbles bouncing on a frozen pond in Montgomery County, Va.  Those sounds set the stage for exploring a crucial problem for animals in winter: With bodies made up of cells containing water, how do animals survive temperatures below the freezing point of water?  Take about 20 seconds to ponder that question while you listen to “Ice Dance,” composed for this episode by Torrin Hallett, a graduate student at Lamont School of Music in Denver. MUSIC - ~21 sec – instrumental Freezing of water inside living cells—known as intracellular freezing—can break or distort cell structures and can impair the function of cellular proteins.  So different groups of animals have different strategies for avoiding intracellular freezing.  Most birds and mammals maintain their body temperature by generating body heat through metabolism and conserving heat through insulating covers and various behaviors.  But the vast majority of animals don’t generate their own body heat, and their body temperature varies with the environment, so they need other ways to avoid freezing within their cells.  Here are three ways, with some examples of animals using them.One way, used by various marine fish, insects, amphibians, and other organisms, is to produce antifreeze proteins that reduce the freezing point of intracellular fluids.A second way is to remove much of the water from inside cells, that is, to dehydrate; an extreme example of this is the Antarctic Midge, the only insect native to Antarctica, which can survive removal of up to 70 percent of the water from its cells.A third way is to manage the location of materials around which ice forms, called ice nucleators; Wood Frogs, for example, can move ice nucleators agent outside of their cells so that freezing outside of cells, where it typically doesn’t cause cell damage.    Removal of ice nucleators is also a survival mechanism of the Arctic Ground Squirrel, the only mammal known to tolerate a sub-freezing body temperature.  [Additional note not in audio: ice nucleators are also called “ice-nucleating agents.”] This episode is focused on animals, but trees and other plants also use anti-freeze proteins, management of ice-nucleators, and removal of cell water to survive freezing temperatures. As winter descends, a complex array of cold-survival strategies is happening right outside our doors. Thanks to Torrin Hallett for this week’s music, and we close with the final 25 seconds of “Ice Dance.” MUSIC – ~25 sec – instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Ice Dance” is copyright 2020 by Torrin Hallett, used with permission.  Torrin is a 2018 graduate of Oberlin College and Conservatory in Oberlin, Ohio, and a 2020 graduate in Horn Performance from Manhattan School of Music in New York.  As of 2020-21, he is a performance certificate candidate at the Lamont School of Music at the University of Denver.  More information about Torrin is available online at https://www.facebook.com/torrin.hallett.  Thanks very much to Torrin for composing the piece especially for Virginia Water Radio.  To hear the complete piece (46 seconds), please click here. The ice sounds were recorded by Virginia Water Radio as follows:ice creaking on a lake – Sloan Inlet of Claytor Lake, Pulaski County, Va., January 6, 2018;pebbles on pond ice – Heritage Park, Blacksburg, Va. (Montgomery  County), December 28, 2012. Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Ice-skaters’ marks on a pond in Heritage Park in Blacksburg, Va. (Montgomery County), January 14, 2018.Ice-covered Goose Creek along Evergreen Mill Road in Loudoun County, Va., January 20, 2018.Ice on Red Maple twigs along Shadowlake Road in Blacksburg, Va. (Montgomery County), December 16, 2020.SOURCES USED FOR AUDIO AND OFFERING MORE INFORMATION Claire Asher, “When your veins fill with ice,” March 11, 2016, BBC “Earth” Web site, online at http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160308-how-one-squirrel-manages-to-survive-being-frozen. Beth Botts, How trees, plants protect themselves from winter's freezing temperatures, Chicago Tribune, December 14, 2015. Maria Vacek Broadfoot, Ask a Scientist: How do plants keep from freezing to death during winter?, Charlotte Observer, December 9, 2015. Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel), “Living organisms need antifreeze to survive in the cold,” published by Phys.org, February 18, 2013, online at https://phys.org/news/2013-02-antifreeze-survive-cold.html. Richard W. Hill, Comparative Physiology of Animals: An Environmental Approach, Harper and Row, New York, N.Y., 1976. Richard W. Hill et al., Animal Physiology, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Mass., 2004. Iowa State University, “How Woody Plants Survive Extreme Cold,” March 1, 1996, online at http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/1996/3-1-1996/brr.html. Devi Lockwood, How Does Antarctica’s Only Native Insect Survive Extreme Cold?, New York Times, September 9, 2019. Brian Rohrig, “Chilling Out, Warming Up: How Animals Survive Temperature Extremes,” ChemMatters Online Oct.-Nov. 2013 (American Chemical Society), online at https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2013-2014/animal-survival-in-extreme-temperatures.html. Ruhr University Bochum (Germany), “Why fish don't freeze in the Arctic Ocean,” August 25, 2010, published by Phys.org, online at https://phys.org/news/2010-08-fish-dont-arctic-ocean.html. Ben Sullivan, Supercold Squirrels Stump Experts : Mammal Survives Weeks at Freezing Body Temperatures, Los Angeles Times, June 30, 1989. Dan Tinker, “These Animals Don’t Care That It’s Freezing Outside,” 12/14/13, National Wildlife Federation Blog, online at http://blog.nwf.org/2013/12/these-animals-dont-care-that-its-freezing-outside/. Karl Eric Zachariassen and Erland Kristiansen, “Ice Nucleation and Antinucleation in Nature,” Cryobiology Vol. 41/Issue 4 (December 2000), pages 257-279, accessed online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011224000922892 (subscription may be required).Sarah Zielinski, “Eight ways that animals survive the winter,” Science News (Society for Science & the Public), January 22, 2014, online at https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/wild-things/eight-ways-animals-survive-winter(subscription may be required). RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly “Physical/chemical properties of water” in the “Science” subject category. Following are links to some other episodes on ice and other water temperature topics. Episode 195, 1-6-14 – Wading into the New Year, the New River, and Water Thermodynamics.Episode 250, 1-26-15 – Reaching the Boiling Point.Episode 313, 4-25-16 – Evaporating Water Helps Bees Turn Nectar into Honey.Episode 403, 1-15-18 – At the Freezing Point.Episode 404, 1-22-18 – Ice on the Pond.Episode 406, 2-5-18 – Ice on the River.Episode 407, 2-12-18 – Snow Shows Chemistry and Physics at Work. Following are other music pieces composed by Torrin Hallett for Virginia Water Radio, with links to episodes featuring the music. “A Little Fright Music” – used in Episode 548, 10-26-20, on water-related passages in fiction and non-fiction, for Halloween.“Beetle Ballet” – used in Episode 525, 5-18-20, on aquatic beetles.“Chesapeake Bay Ballad” – used in Episode 537, 8-10-20, on conditions in the Chesapeake Bay.“Corona Cue” – used in Episode 517, 3-23-20, on the coronavirus pandemic. “Geese Piece” – used most recently in Episode 440, 10-1-18, on E-bird. “Lizard Lied” – used in Episode 514, 3-2-20, on lizards. “New Year’s Water” – used in Episode 349, 1-2-17, on the New Year. “Rain Refrain” – used most recently in Episode 455, 1-14-19, on record Virginia precipitation in 2019. “Spider Strike” – used in Episode 523, 5-4-20, on fishing spiders.“Tropical Tantrum” – used most recently in Episode 489, 9-9-19, on storm surge and Hurricane Dorian.“Tundra Swan Song – used in Episode 554, 12-7-20, on Tundra Swans.“Turkey Tune” – used in Episode 343, 11-21-16, on the Wild Turkey. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode’s audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2018 Science SOLS Grades K-3 plus 5: MatterK.4 – Water is important in our daily lives and has properties.2.3 – Matter can exist in different phases, and solids, liquids, and gases have different characteristics Grades K-4: Living Systems and Processes1.4 – Plants have basic life needs (including water) and functional parts that allow them to survive.1.5 – Animals, including humans, have basic life needs that allow them to survive.2.5 – Living things are part of a system.3.4 – Adaptations allow organisms to satisfy life needs and respond to the environment.4.2 – Plants and animals have structures that distinguish them from one another and play vital roles in their ability to survive. Grades K-5: Earth and Space SystemsK.9 – There are patterns in nature, including seasonal changes.1.7 – There are weather and seasonal changes, and changes in temperature, light, and precipitation affect plants and animals, including humans.2.7 – Weather patterns and seasonal changes affect plants, animals, and their surroundings. Grade 66.6 – Water has unique physical properties and has a role in the natural and human-made environment. Life ScienceLS.2     – All living things ar

Audio - The Word Became FleshJesus is the Word, and the Word was God, and the Word became flesh. The Lord Jesus became flesh and became the greatest blessing this world has ever known. In this lesson we’ll explore what Jesus came to earth to do.

Come on an auditory adventure with the Ember Island Podcast (Leslie and Barbara) as we analyze, review, and rave about every episode of Avatar: The Last Airbender (and The Legend of Korra) from start to finish! This episode includes: Hiatus Discussions, Hello- Zuko here!, Zuko's past embarrassment and remorse on how he treated Iroh, Remember when Zuko personally betrayed Katara? Katara does (and is justified)!, Zuko's never had friends, boomerang always comes back!, Sparky-Sparky Boom Man's video game weakness, Toph's missing field trip with Zuko, and how Zuko will fit in with the Gaang as the series goes on. This episode includes the twelfth episode of Season 3 of Avatar: The Last Airbender: Book 3: Fire: Chapter 12: The Western Air Temple Contact us at: EmberIslandPod@gmail.com 

Audio - Where Could I Go?When life falls apart and you have to pick up the pieces, where do you go? Where do you begin putting your life back together? Jesus has the only answer to our spiritual needs. He alone has the words of eternal life.

Click to listen to episode (3:30) Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImageSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.) Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 12-11-20. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of December 14, 2020. SOUND – ~4 sec This week, a Mallard duck’s quacking that somewhat resembles human laughter opens an episode that I hope will bring some actual human chuckles.  As the extraordinarily difficult year 2020 winds down, it seemed worthwhile to devote an episode to a bit of water-related comic relief—that is, water jokes!  So here are nine selected from a collection by David Ladner’s environmental engineering research group at Clemson University; some have been modified slightly by Virginia Water Radio. 1.  The other day I opened my water bill and my electricity bill at the same time.  I was shocked! 2.  Why do sharks swim in salt water?  Because pepper makes them sneeze. 3.  What do you get when you cross a rabbit with a water hose?  Hare spray. 4.  What kind of bear enjoys hanging out in light rain?  A drizzly bear. 5.  What did one ocean say to the other ocean?  Nothing, it just waved. 6.  Thirty people are sheltering under an umbrella.  How many of them get wet?  None; who said it was raining? 7.  What do you call water that’s healthy for you?  Well water. 8.  Would you like to hear a solid water joke?  That would be ice. And 9.  Did you hear that the ocean and the beach had fraternal twins?  Yep, one was a buoy or the other was a gull. Even with this year’s public health and economic challenges, I hope your world has some humor, aquatic or otherwise. We close with some music named for a Saturday morning source of humor for generations of kids from the 1960s until the early 2000s.  Here’s about 20 seconds of “Kartune,” by the [now-retired] Blacksburg and Roanoke, Va.-based band, No Strings Attached. MUSIC  - ~19 – instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close the show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Mallard calls were recorded by Virginia Water Radio at the Virginia Tech Duck Pond in Blacksburg on December 10, 2015. Thanks to Dr. David Ladner, Clemson University Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, for permission to use joke found on the “Water Jokes” part of his research group’s blog, online at https://cecas.clemson.edu/ladnergroup/blog/water-jokes/. “Kartune,” from the 1992 album “Blue Roses,” is copyright by No Strings Attached and Enessay Music, used with permission.  More information about the now-retired group No Strings Attached is available online at https://www.enessay.com/index.htmland at https://www.facebook.com/No-Strings-Attached-20609132766/. Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com. IMAGE A bit of visual water-related humor about mosquitoes breeding in water-filled human items.  Cartoon by George Wills of Blacksburg, Va. (online at https://www.etsy.com/shop/BlacksburgArt), from “Mosquitoes and Water,” published in the March 2003 issue of Virginia Water Central Newsletter, from the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, online at https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/49331. SOURCES Used for Audio David Ladner, Clemson University Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, online at https://www.clemson.edu/cecas/departments/eees/people/facultydirectory/ladner.html.  Dr. Ladner’s research group’s “Water Jokes” site is online at https://cecas.clemson.edu/ladnergroup/blog/water-jokes/. The Outfall Podcast, “Water Jokes: Misdirection and Surprise,” 5 min./7 sec., online at https://theoutfall.com/short/misdirection-and-surprise/. Gail Sullivan, Saturday morning cartoons are no more, Washington Post, September 30, 2014. National Paralegal College/Law Shelf Educational Media, “Copyright Protection: Can a joke be copyrighted?” online at https://lawshelf.com/shortvideoscontentview/copyright-protection-can-a-joke-be-copyrighted/. For More Water Jokes and Puns Kidadl, “53 Water Jokes and Puns That Will Have You Crying from Laughter,” online at https://www.kidadl.com/articles/water-puns-and-jokes-that-will-have-you-crying-with-laughter. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Overall Importance of Water” subject category. Following are links to some other episodes on water imagery and other language devices. Episode 142, 12-31-12 – John McCutcheon’s “Water from Another Time.” Episode 200, 2-10-14 – “River Runs Dry” by Kat Mills. Episode 296, 12-28-15 – Setting a Course for 2016 with “On a Ship” by Kat Mills. Episode 401, 1-1-18 – Diving into 2018 with “Driving Rain” by Chamomile and Whiskey. Episode 547, 10-19-20 – A Sprinkling of Water Expressions, Featuring "Love Rain Down" by Carbon Leaf. Episode 548, 10-26-20 – Hello to Halloween with Water Readings and “A Little Fright Music” by Torrin Hallett. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode’s audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs  SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2017 English SOLs 5.4, 6.5, 7.4, 8.4, 8.5, 9.3, 9.4, 10.3, 10.4, 11.4 – symbols, imagery, figurative language, and other literary devices.Virginia’s SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/. Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade levels. Episode 250, 1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rd grade. Episode 255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade. Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living vs. non-living, for kindergarten. Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12thgrade. Episode 333, 9-12-16 – on dissolved gases, especially dissolved oxygen in aquatic habitats, for 5th grade. Episode 403, 1-15-18 – on freezing and ice, for kindergarten through 3rd grade. Episode 404, 1-22-18 – on ice on ponds and lakes, for 4th through 8thgrade. Episode 406, 2-5-18 – on ice on rivers, for middle school. Episode 407, 2-12-18 – on snow chemistry and physics, for high school. Episode 483, 7-29-19 – on buoyancy and drag, for middle school and high school. Episode 524, 5-11-20 – on sounds by water-related animals, for elementary school through high school. Episode 531, 6-29-20 – on various ways that animals get water, for 3rdand 4th grade. Episode 539, 8-24-20 – on basic numbers and facts about Virginia’s water resources, for 4th and 6th grade.

Come on an auditory adventure with the Ember Island Podcast (Leslie and Barbara) as we analyze, review, and rave about every episode of Avatar: The Last Airbender (and The Legend of Korra) from start to finish!This episode does have a few sound issues (echoing in some parts), so please bare with us for this amazing episode!This episode half's discussion includes: Everyone comes back for this episode! We're upset with Haru's facial hair, Sokka created Atlantis-esque submarines/Toph's worse nightmare, Kaatang romance (and Star Wars prequel references), Zuko's drama cloak and stupidly brief breakup letter, and the countdown begins. Time Stamp: Day of Black Sun Part 2 starts at 1:16:21. This episode half's discussion includes: How the stakes and risks are extremely high and palpable, Zuko finally tells his dad everything he has wanted to tell him for years and it is beautiful and deserved,  how we thought Azula was a second Avatar (she's just that good), Sokka and Azula (the master manipulator), The firelord bunker has all the tea (both actual and metaphorical), the Ursa Reveal, running out the clock, the symbolism behind Zuko redirecting lightning (and us freaking out), Ursa versus Ozai and The Search comics, Iroh is the One Man Army we don't deserve, the children escape and the adults sacrifice themselves, and Zuko+Gaang anticipation! This episode includes the tenth and eleventh episodes of Season 3 of Avatar: The Last Airbender: Book 3: Fire: Chapter 10 and 11: The Day of Black Sun Parts 1 and 2 Contact us at: EmberIslandPod@gmail.com

Audio - Praising GodLike Peter, there are times when we need to say, “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ!” When we count our blessings, our hearts are filled with gratitude and the desire to praise the Lord.

Audio - Walking By FaithPaul said, “We walk by faith and not by sight.” What does he mean? Is our faith just a leap in the dark or is there more involved? Do Christians have good reasons for trusting in God and living for Jesus?

Listen to the Show Right Click to Save GuestsTexas Performing Arts Texas Mix TapeAustin Playhouse Charles Dickens: Home on the Range What We Talked AboutNeil LaButte True Love Will Find you in the End – no actors Producers want concessions from the Unions to reopen AEA and SAG/AFTRA feud over Doris Duke Theatre destroyed NBC Special to Happen Be An Arts Hero Sign the open Letter Who Should Play Hedwig Sarah Ruhls, how to transend a happy mariage (12/2)Thank you to Dean Johanesen, lead singer of "The Human Condition" who gave us permission to use "Step Right Up" as our theme song, so please visit their website.. they're good! (that's an order)

Audio - Give ThanksThe last Thursday of every November has been designated as a day to give thanks in our nation. There are many good reasons and benefits to giving thanks. Giving thanks is at the heart of all things Christian.

Audio - Meant for GoodHeartaches come to all of us, and we wonder how God fits in all this. God is just and His purpose is good, even when we don’t understand why. We’re exploring how God uses our heartaches for good.

Audio - Why I Am a MemberIf I ask you to do something that is life-changing, I should have a really good reason. Today we’re exploring why everyone should be a member of the Lord’s glorious church. There is no greater privilege!

Audio - Citizenship as Christians When it’s time to elect government officials, should Christians get involved? Does the Bible have anything to say to the Christian citizen? In this lesson we’re going to examine how a Christian citizen responds to his nation.

This Podcast in Thai language is produced by Warunee Kuthithamee who is among #APCRSHR10 Media Fellows 2020, and shares highlight of the 10th session of APCRSHR10 Virtual on the theme of "Innovations and changing norms around sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in Asia and the Pacific". พอดแคสต์นี้โดย วารุณี ขัติเตมี ได้รายงานการประชุมออนไลน์ครั้งที่ 10 ของการประชุมเอเชียแปซิฟิกครั้งที่ 10 โดยมีหัวข้อเรื่อง นวัตกรรมและบรรทัดฐานที่เปลี่ยนแปลงเกี่ยวกับสุขภาพและสิทธิทางเพศและอนามัยเจริญพันธุ์ในเอเชียและแปซิฟิก Beth Schlachter กรรมการบริหารของ Family Planning 2020 ได้นำเสนอ เกี่ยวกับ Family Planning 2020 หรือ FP2020 นั้นเป็นความร่วมมือในระดับโลก โดยมีเป้าหมายเพื่อให้ผู้หญิงและเด็กหญิงอีก 120 ล้านคน สามารถเข้าถึงและใช้ยาคุมกำเนิดได้ ภายในปีพ.ศ. 2563 ซึ่งการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ต้องการให้เกิดขึ้นในอนาคต คือ ผู้หญิงและวัยรุ่นหญิงทุกคนนั้น มีอิสระ และความสามารถในการตัดสินใจของตนเองเกี่ยวกับการใช้การคุมกำเนิดสมัยใหม่ ความต้องการที่จะมีลูกหรือไม่มี การมีสุขภาพที่ดี และการมีส่วนร่วมอย่างเท่าเทียมกันในสังคมและการพัฒนา Listen to this podcast from Warunee Kuthithamee on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, TuneIn, aCast, Podtail, BluBrry, Himalaya, ListenNotes, American Podcasts, and other podcast streaming platforms.

 Click to listen to episode (4:19) Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImage SourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.) Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 10-23-20. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the week of October 26, 2020. MUSIC – ~8 sec – instrumental This week, we celebrate Halloween with original music and with some water-related passages from fiction and non-fiction chosen for the haunting holiday.  Have a listen to the music for about 30 more seconds. MUSIC  - ~31 sec – instrumental You’ve been listening to part of “A Little Fright Music,” composed for Virginia Water Radio by Torrin Hallett, a graduate student at Lamont School of Music in Denver.  The music sets the stage for hearing five passages that invoke water as scary, supernatural, mysterious, or simply imaginative.  All are excerpted from quotations published on the Web site GoodReads.com. From Stirring the Mud: On Swamps, Bogs, and Human Imagination, by Barbara Hurd: “Swamps and bogs are places of transition and wild growth, breeding grounds, experimental labs where organisms and ideas have the luxury of being out of the spotlight, where the imagination can mutate and mate, send tendrils into and out of the water.” From Lifemaker, by Dean F. Wilson: “Something pressed against the window, nudging the submarine.  Its hide was almost as dark as the waters around it, but its scales glistened from the light inside the room.  Jacob badly wanted to douse the oil lamp, to hide inside a different darkness, but he had a feeling that any change inside the room, any step, any dimming of a light, any sound, might be like a beacon to the beast outside.” From The Mere Wife, by Maria Dahvana Headley: “It's water from beneath the mountain, and it’s full of the taste of bones and rocks. She's bought five cases of bottled to keep from having to serve this, even in ice-cube format. There's something awful about it. It feels full of ghosts.”  From Into the Drowning Deep, by Mira Grant: “What you have to understand about the mermaid legend is that it's universal.  No matter where you go, the mermaids got there first.  Even inland, if there's a big enough lake, I guarantee you there's a local community with a story about women in the water with beautiful voices who lure men to their deaths.” And finally, from The Tempest, by William Shakespeare: “Full fathom five thy father lies;Of his bones are coral made;Those are pearls that were his eyes:Nothing of him that doth fade,But doth suffer a sea-changeInto something rich and strange.” Thanks to Torrin Hallett for this week’s music, and we close with the final few seconds of “A Little Fright Music.”  Happy Halloween! MUSIC  - ~11 sec – instrumental SHIP’S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech’s College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this show.  In Blacksburg, I’m Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “A Little Fright Music” is copyright 2020 by Torrin Hallett, used with permission.  Torrin is a 2018 graduate of Oberlin College and Conservatory in Oberlin, Ohio, and a 2020 graduate in Horn Performance from Manhattan School of Music in New York.  As of 2020-21, he is a performance certificate candidate at the Lamont School of Music at the University of Denver.  More information about Torrin is available online at https://www.facebook.com/torrin.hallett.  Thanks very much to Torrin for composing the piece especially for Virginia Water Radio.  To hear the complete piece (49 seconds), please click here. Readers may recognize in Torrin’s title for this piece a play on words on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s “A Little Night Music” (actually “Eine kleine Nachtmusik” in the original German).  For more on that composition, see Encyclopedia Britannica, “Eine kleine Nachtmusik,” online at https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eine-kleine-Nachtmusik. Following are other music pieces composed by Torrin Hallett for Virginia Water Radio, with episodes featuring the music. “Beetle Ballet” – used in Episode 525, 5-18-20, on aquatic beetles.“Chesapeake Bay Ballad” – in Episode 537, 8-10-20, on conditions in the Chesapeake Bay.“Corona Cue” – used in Episode 517, 3-23-20, on the coronavirus pandemic. “Geese Piece” – used most recently in Episode 440, 10-1-18, on E-bird. “Lizard Lied” – used in Episode 514, 3-2-20, on lizards. “New Year’s Water” – used in Episode 349, 1-2-17, on the New Year. “Rain Refrain” – used most recently in Episode 455, 1-14-19, on record Virginia precipitation in 2019. “Spider Strike” – used in Episode 523, 5-4-20, on fishing spiders.“Tropical Tantrum” – used most recently in Episode 489, 9-9-19, on storm surge and Hurricane Dorian. “Turkey Tune” – used in Episode 343, 11-21-16, on the Wild Turkey.  Click here if you’d like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGE Cover art for an edition of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, by Robert Anning Bell (1869-1933).  Date of image estimated at 1900.  Image from the Folger Shakespeare Library’s Luna Image Collection, online at https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/allCollections; specific URL for this image was this link, as of 10-27-20.  This image is made available by the Folger Library for public use under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (Attribution—ShareAlike).  For more information on Creative Commons licenses, please see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/; information on License 4.0 specifically is online at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. SOURCES USED FOR AUDIO AND OFFERING MORE INFORMATION Goodreads, Inc., “Water Quotes,” online at https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/water.  Following are the Goodreads links to the books cited in this episode: For Mira Grant, Into the Drowning Deep: https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/55657440-into-the-drowning-deep. For Maria Dahvana Headley, The Mere Wife: https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/58009682-the-mere-wife. For Barbara Hurd, Stirring the Mud: On Swamps, Bogs, and Human Imagination: https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/114226-stirring-the-mud-on-swamps-bogs-and-human-imagination. For William Shakespeare, The Tempest: https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/1359590-the-tempest. For Dean F. Wilson, Lifemaker: https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/43382568-lifemaker-the-great-iron-war-2. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Overall Importance of Water” subject category. Following are links to previous episodes done for Halloween. Episode 185, 10-28-13 – on Hellbenders (a type of salamander).Episode 238, 10-31-14 – on American Witch Hazel (a shrub).Episode 287, 10-26-15 – on water and the human skeleton.Episode 392, 10-30-17 – on water and blood. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode’s audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2017 English SOLs 5.4, 6.5, 7.4, 8.4, 8.5, 9.3, 9.4, 10.3, 10.4, 11.4 – symbols, imagery, figurative language, and other literary devices.Virginia’s SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/. Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade levels. Episode 250, 1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.Episode 255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade.Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living vs. non-living, for kindergarten.Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12thgrade.Episode 333, 9-12-16 – on dissolved gases, especially dissolved oxygen in aquatic habitats, for 5th grade.Episode 403, 1-15-18 – on freezing and ice, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.Episode 404, 1-22-18 – on ice on ponds and lakes, for 4th through 8thgrade.Episode 406, 2-5-18 – on ice on rivers, for middle school.Episode 407, 2-12-18 – on snow chemistry and physics, for high school.Episode 483, 7-29-19 – on buoyancy and drag, for middle school and high school.Episode 524, 5-11-20 – on sounds by water-related animals, for elementary school through high school.Episode 531, 6-29-20 – on various ways that animals get water, for 3rdand 4th grade.Episode 539, 8-24-20 – on basic numbers and facts about Virginia’s water resources, for 4th and 6th grade.

Come on an auditory adventure with the Ember Island Podcast (Leslie and Barbara) as we analyze, review, and rave about every episode of Avatar: The Last Airbender (and The Legend of Korra) from start to finish! Note: Episode 20 discussion starts at 1:03:50 This episode's discussion includes:  Part 1: Why Barbara and Leslie like to be angry, Last Time on Avatar, Zuko's forced anger repression, Sokka and his (very) hot dad, Sokka's worries and abandonment in becoming a 'real' member of the water tribe and planning with his dad (who is proud of and loves him), the grand opening of The Jasmine Dragon, Tylee and Mai's acting against the Dai Lee, the masterful explanation of chakras to a young western audience, Aang's chakra visions and his self acceptance in relation to his control over the Avatar State, Toph discovers metal bending, Aang tries to let go of Katara but he can't, and visual metaphors.Part 2: planned Dai Lee coup by Azula, Zuko and Katara in the crystal cave of betrayal and love, Katara explains her anger to Zuko, political intrigue, Zutara and emotional sexy scars, magic water possibilities, Azula's masterful manipulation and thought process, Iroh framing Zuko's choice for good, Zuko makes his hardest choice and why he makes that choice, the fandom after the twist, one of the best fight scenes in this series, Star Wars analogies, Aang in the Avatar State, Azula's lightning strike, Aang falls, Iroh willingly lets himself e captured, magic water what-ifs, Azula capturing Ba Sing Sae, and Zuko's conflicted betrayal and honor. Warning: Zuko breaks all of our hearts (while Azula crushes our dreams happily) and we talk about it for thirty minutes.It's a double feature! This episode includes the nineteenth and twentieth episode of Season 2 of Avatar: The Last Airbender:Book 2: Earth: Chapter 19: The Guru, andBook 2: Earth: Chapter 20: The Crossroads of DestinyContact us at: EmberIslandPod@gmail.com

Audio - The Call of the CrossJesus said, “And I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all men to Myself.” (John 12:32).  The cross of Christ cries out to us all to come to Christ and take up our own crosses as we follow Him.

Audio - Salvation and the CrossJesus Christ “gave Himself for our sins so that He might rescue us from this present evil age” (Galatians 1:4). We were rescued from the domain of darkness and transferred into the kingdom of God’s beloved Son (Colossians 1:13).

Audio - Enduring the CrossHow was Jesus able to endure the cross? What enabled Him to do the Father’s will and remain upon the cross until He died? If we can possess some of the same strengths Jesus had, we too can remain faithful in times of challenge.

Audio - The SacrificeThroughout all the ages, God has asked men to offer sacrifices for sin. In Christ, God himself offers up His Son Jesus upon a cross as a sacrifice. His body and blood were given so that we might be right with God.

Listen to the Show Right Click to Save GuestsAustin Creative Alliance - Black Art Matters Bottle Alley Theatre/The VORTEX - Self PortraitsWhat We Talked AboutChristopher Jackson American Pie Barrington Stage moves outdoors Emmy Nominations Save our St ages Act Hartford Stage cancels til June 2021 Wildcats – Lucille Ball Montopolis The Breath Project Jubilee Theatre Overtures on KOOP Sat 8:30 am…Thank you to Dean Johanesen, lead singer of "The Human Condition" who gave us permission to use "Step Right Up" as our theme song, so please visit their website.. they're good! (that's an order)