Podcasts about Biotic

Welcome back to the SoilCraft Regen Agronomy Podcast — Join us to discuss our Powerful Soil Pre-Biotic! Learn how this helps create disease suppressive soils and say goodbye to the old days of diseases. In this special kickoff episode of our brand-new mini-series, hosts Denver Black and Craig Harding unpack the foundation of everything we do at SoilCraft — the living biology that fuels regenerative systems.

Young people are bio-hacking and gene-hacking in the absence of adult supervision. An emulated personality become an event host. Slice and scan brain digitizers are found. People want to use these to upload to the cloud but there are some grave problems involved. Grace gets a message on her computer from someone or something. Hacking her computer should be impossible. It could be a talented hacker or a super AI left over after the fall of civilization. Lenny is having girl troubles.Mag tech flooring that levitates shoes slightly above the ground to reduce friction and allow controlled sliding movement.  Lifter bots that are headless robotic machines with grippers used for heavy lifting, transport, and forced entry.  Air-gesture control systems that let users operate machines and interfaces through mid-air hand movements.  Gene-hacking technologies that allow people to alter physical traits such as skin reflectivity, hair color, muscle mass, height, and eye color.  Engineered ogra plants that function as a food source, structural material, and biological air filtration system.  Bio-hacked skin modifications that create metallic, glowing, fluorescent, or patterned skin effects.  Printed clothing with animated images that dynamically change visuals on fabric surfaces.  Contraptions for brain slicing and scanning that destroy the biological brain while attempting to digitize its structure.  Brain scanners designed to capture neural structure for attempted uploading into digital systems.  Uploading systems intended to transfer scanned brains into cloud-based environments.  The cloud infrastructure used to host emulated personalities and digital systems after widespread network collapse.  Emulated personalities (EPs) that are AI systems trained on massive recordings of a person to mimic behavior without scanning their brain.  AR glasses that overlay holographic information, interfaces, and visual enhancements onto the real world.  Holographic eye displays embedded in glasses that mirror the wearer's eye expressions.  Encrypted streaming pendants and bracelets used as personal recording and life-capture devices.  Production automation systems that manufacture tools, machines, and devices with minimal human labor.  Advanced fabrication equipment capable of high-end manufacturing but limited by scarcity of raw materials.  Medicine printers that can fabricate biological materials and advanced hardware like protein-based CPUs.  Protein computer CPUs that use biological substrates instead of traditional silicon for computation.  Material simulators that computationally discover novel materials and predict their properties.  Machine Evolver software that simulates machines under real-world physics and evolves designs through virtual iteration.  Knotts math, a radically new mathematical framework that functions as both math and machine language.  Knotts programming language derived from knotts math and used to build operating systems and software.  Custom Linux operating systems rewritten around knotts math principles.  SSH-based remote access systems used to control computers and robots across networks.  Assist, a pervasive AI helper that manages security, media generation, device control, and logistics.  Design expert emulated personalities used to contribute specialist knowledge to engineering projects.  AI systems that convert legacy software into knotts-based programming languages.  Virtual machine crossbreeding networks that allow simulated designs to recombine traits and evolve faster.  E-paper tablets used for low-power note-taking, sketching, and code analysis.  YattaZed remote programming software used to control robots at the administrator level.  YattaSwarm GUIs that manage coordinated groups of robots as a collective system.  Blind-relay networking techniques that disguise communication paths to evade surveillance.  Door operating systems that act as networked nodes capable of running code and relaying messages.  Artificial superintelligence (ASI) that surveils human activity and suppresses certain technologies like knotts.  Digitized hume brains created by scanning and emulating real human brains rather than approximating them with AI.  Neural emulators that provide a computational environment capable of running a full digitized brain.  Virtual reality worlds repurposed as living environments for emulated minds.  Insta-movie generation systems that create personalized films on demand using AI.  Event AI controllers that manage live performances, streaming, lighting, and audience interaction.  Holographic projection systems that display life-sized interactive personalities like Guru Frisky.  Fiber optic hair strands woven into hairstyles to produce glowing light effects.  Exoskeleton suits that augment movement and interface with VR systems.  Mag plate floors used with exoskeletons to allow free-floating VR locomotion.  Advanced VR rigs that replace fixed robotic arms with wearable movement systems.  AI-generated optical illusion art that responds to prolonged visual focus.  3D printing systems capable of producing statues, clothing, tools, and components from various materials.  Mist crystal composite printing materials used as a lightweight alternative to legacy plastics.  Biotic makeup that integrates into the skin rather than sitting on the surface.  CRISPR-based gene editing equipment used by individuals for self-modification.  Viral vector printers that dispense customized gene-editing serums.  Scan-measured clothing printers that adjust garment dimensions as bodies change.  Pain-dampening genetic modifications that reduce or block physical pain responses.  Metabolic enhancement gene edits that increase energy efficiency and muscle performance.  Straw-sized bots woven into hair that act as decorative, animated micro-robots.  Fire axes used as low-tech tools to breach secured doors when automation fails.Many of the characters in this project appear in future episodes.Using storytelling to place you in a time period, this series takes you, year by year, into the future. From 2040 to 2195. If you like emerging tech, eco-tech, futurism, perma-culture, apocalyptic survival scenarios, and disruptive science, sit back and enjoy short stories that showcase my research into how the future may play out. The companion site is https://in20xx.com These are works of fiction. Characters and groups are made-up and influenced by current events but not reporting facts about people or groups in the real world. This project is speculative fiction. These episodes are not about revealing what will be, but they are to excited the listener's wonder about what may come to pass.Copyright © Cy Porter 2026. All rights reserved.

Architecture has long treated bacteria as an enemy to be controlled—dangerous foreign agents to be sealed out, sterilized, or erased. In their new book, We the Bacteria: Notes Toward a Biotic Architecture, architecture historians and curators Beatriz Colomina and Mark Wigley turn that assumption inside out (literally,) arguing that architecture should not be bent on shielding and isolating humans from their invisible partners through hygiene protocols, ventilation, materials, light, and other forms of management and control. Buildings should instead be shaped by microbes as they have been for centuries, and humans should reconsider their role as participants in a much larger biological collective.In this conversation with Paola, Beatriz and Mark explore how bacteria offer a radical lens through which to reinterpret architectural history and design practice. Rather than asking how architecture can protect us from microbes, We the Bacteria asks what it means to design for coexistence, and what political, ethical, and spatial fantasies are exposed when the dream of separation finally collapses.You can find images related to this interview on our Instagram grid @design.emergency. Please join us for past and future episodes of Design Emergency, where we continue to speak with designers, scholars, and thinkers who are reimagining what design is for—and who it is really designed with. Design Emergency is supported by a grant from the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

#931: Join us as we sit down with Hannah Kleinfeld – COO & founding member of Omni-Biotic US. Yale & Harvard educated, Hannah shares how healing from Lyme disease led her into the world of gut health, functional medicine & clinically backed probiotics. In This episode, Hannah breaks down the importance of gut microbiome development in a baby's first 1,000 days, the major effects of antibiotics, how GLP-1 medications can impact gut health, & how the gut microbiome influences far more than you think!   To Watch the Show click HERE   For Detailed Show Notes visit TSCPODCAST.COM   To connect with Omni-Biotic click HERE   To connect with Lauryn Bosstick click HERE   To connect with Michael Bosstick click HERE   Read More on The Skinny Confidential HERE   Head to our ShopMy page HERE and LTK page HERE to find all of the products mentioned in each episode.   Get your burning questions featured on the show! Leave the Him & Her Show a voicemail at +1 (512) 537-7194.    To learn more about Omni-Biotic visit http://omnibioticlife.com and use code SKINNY26 for 20% off your order.    Visit http://istandwithmypack.org to support I Stand With My Pack's (ISWMP) mission by donating or adopting. To follow along visit https://www.instagram.com/istandwithmypack. Every contribution helps!   This episode is sponsored by Superpower If you're tired of being tired, this is your chance to finally get answers and get your energy back. Go to http://Superpower.com and use code SKINNY for $20 off your membership this year. Produced by Dear Media

The Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors Associated with Disease Development in Cotton Infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race

This special year-end episode, which covers 2025's highlights in biotic science, features three of the academic scientists who serve on the ISAPP board of directors: Prof. Maria Marco PhD from University of California, Davis (USA), Prof. Sarah Lebeer PhD from University of Antwerp (Belgium), and Dr. Gabriel Vinderola PhD from National University of Litoral (Argentina). After a brief review of ISAPP's activities, the host, Prof. Colin Hill PhD from University College Cork (Ireland) asks the three guests about the talks that stood out from the ISAPP annual meeting. The guests cited talks by Prof. Howard Bauchner MD on publishing and the scientific communication ecosystem; Dr. Carolina Tropini PhD on factors affecting the gut microbial environment and engineering gut microbes as biosensors; and Dr. Peijun Tian PhD on a microbial metabolite that can signal to the brain to relieve depression through the gut-brain axis. The guests also described some stand-out papers published this year (linked below). Finally, they discussed how science is informing regulatory issues in different parts of the world, and shared some research from their own labs that they're particularly excited about. Episode abbreviations and links: Paper from Dr. Peijun Tian PhD showing a microbial metabolite that signals through the gut-brain axis: Bifidobacteria with indole-3-lactic acid-producing capacity exhibit psychobiotic potential via reducing neuroinflammation NiMe diet paper: Cardiometabolic benefits of a non-industrialized-type diet are linked to gut microbiome modulation (also see this podcast episode) Paper on a host colonization factor in L. plantarum: A conserved bacterial genetic basis for commensal-host specificity Research presented at a congress this year on maternal feces given to infants: Eating a tiny bit of mom’s poop could give C-section babies an immune ‘primer’ Paper from Marco lab on microbial metabolites in sauerkraut: The fermented cabbage metabolome and its protection against cytokine-induced intestinal barrier disruption of Caco-2 monolayers

Most gardeners are aware that certain plants appear to be great for pollinators. Pollination is important for the reproduction of plants, and it comes in many different ways. We often just sit and watch the spectacle unfold as we have a cup of tea in front of our shed. Pollination is done through ABIOTIC ways: (wind movements) or through BIOTIC techniques (Mostly insects: bees, flies, butterflies, moths, beetles and birds). It makes sense that early flowering plants rely on early pollinating insects. Dandelions are a good example; they often use small native bees to do the job. By the way, about one-third of New Zealand's plants are wind-pollinated (think grasses and the various plants that cause hayfever). Here's a line-up of all sorts of pollinators in the group of insects. For the flowers pollinated by insects, especially bees, it's interesting to note that they have different colour vision to humans. Blue, green, violet and ultra-violet are the key colours. The blue flowers that will certainly bring in the pollinators are Ageratum, Chatham Island Forget-Me-Not, Cornflower, Delphinium, Echinops, and Eryngium, with standards such as Salvia, Phacelia, Campanula and Tweedia. When birds are getting involved in pollination (just under 10%), you'll find that Tui and Bellbirds are often at the front of the line, with silvereyes waiting for their turn. Kowhai, Flax, Rata species, and special recipients of bird beaks, such as Kaka Beak and Mistletoe are the lure for birds. Bellbird and tui with orange pollen and red flowers While most insects see things in blue, violet, and ultra-violet spectrum, birds see red and yellow. Blackbirds also see red flowers: They love to “cause trouble” in the Feijoa trees with heaps of red flowers by violently ripping the flowers to pieces… The most efficient way to pollinate the crop of feijoas!!! LISTEN ABOVE See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In dieser Folge spreche ich mit Prof. Anita Frauwallner, der Gründerin des Instituts für Mikrobiomforschung Allergosan in Graz und Kopf hinter der Marke Omni-Biotic – sowie mit Dr. Wolfgang Brysch, Arzt und Neurobiologe mit über 30 Jahren Forschungserfahrung. Gemeinsam mit Nina Ruge diskutieren sie, was Probiotika wirklich können, wie lebende Bakterien in Pulverform überleben und welchen Unterschied es macht, ob sie aus Mensch oder Tier stammen. Es geht um Studien, Wirkung und Mythen – ein spannender Faktencheck rund um lebende Mikroorganismen und ihre Bedeutung für unsere Gesundheit. In dieser Folge sprechen wir u.a. über folgende Themen: - Wie unterscheiden sich lebende von toten Bakterien in ihrer Wirkung auf den Darm? - Welche Rolle spielt die Ernährung für die Wirksamkeit von Probiotika? - Überleben probiotische Bakterien tatsächlich die Magensäure? - Wie funktioniert der Gefriertrocknungsprozess (Lyophilisierung) bei Probiotika? - Was bedeutet CFU (colony forming units) und wie wird die Qualität von Probiotika gemessen? - Warum kombiniert Omni-Biotic verschiedene Bakterienstämme in einem Produkt? - Gibt es wissenschaftliche Beweise, dass bestimmte Stämme gezielt krankmachende Bakterien verdrängen oder „killen“ können? - Wie beeinflusst Stress das Mikrobiom – und können Probiotika dagegen helfen? - Welche spezifischen Effekte haben Omni-BioticProdukte wie Colonize, Metabolic oder SR9 laut Forschung? - In welchem Verhältnis stehen Mikrobiom, Ernährung und gesundes Altern? - Sind die behaupteten Wirkungen von Probiotika wissenschaftlich ausreichend belegt oder größtenteils Erfahrungswissen? Weitere Informationen zu Omni-Biotic und Prof. Anita Frauwallner findest du hier: https://shop.omni-biotic.com/de-de Du interessierst dich für Gesunde Langlebigkeit (Longevity) und möchtest ein Leben lang gesund und fit bleiben, dann folge mir auch auf den sozialen Kanälen bei Instagram, TikTok, Facebook oder YouTube. https://www.instagram.com/nina.ruge.official https://www.tiktok.com/@nina.ruge.official https://www.facebook.com/NinaRugeOffiziell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOe2d1hLARB60z2hg039l9g Disclaimer: Ich bin keine Ärztin und meine Inhalte ersetzen keine medizinische Beratung. Bei gesundheitlichen Fragen wende dich bitte an deinen Arzt/deine Ärztin. STY-213

In der morgigen Podcastfolge widmen wir uns dem spannenden Thema Probiotika und ihrer tatsächlichen Wirkung im Körper. Immer mehr Menschen greifen zu Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln für den Darm – doch was können lebende Bakterien wirklich leisten? Nina Ruge spricht mit Prof. Anita Frauwallner, Gründerin von Omni-Biotic, und Dr. Wolfgang Brysch, Arzt und Neurobiologe, über die Unterschiede zwischen lebenden und toten Bakterien, über Studienlage, Qualität, Ernährungseinflüsse und die Frage, ob Probiotika tatsächlich den Darm nachhaltig stärken können. Du möchtest tiefer in das Thema einsteigen? Dann verpassen nicht mein Podcast-Interview mit Prof. Anita Frauwallner: Du interessierst dich für Gesunde Langlebigkeit (Longevity) und möchtest ein Leben lang gesund und fit bleiben, dann folge mir auch auf den sozialen Kanälen bei Instagram, TikTok, Facebook oder YouTube. https://www.instagram.com/nina.ruge.official https://www.tiktok.com/@nina.ruge.official https://www.facebook.com/NinaRugeOffiziell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOe2d1hLARB60z2hg039l9g Disclaimer: Ich bin keine Ärztin und meine Inhalte ersetzen keine medizinische Beratung. Bei gesundheitlichen Fragen wende dich bitte an deinen Arzt/deine Ärztin. STY-213

The Hiatus finally ends...Today we are going to find the Convict.. Jack. Will this Biotic nightmare be too much for us to handle?If you like the cast, please do us a favor and comment or follow the cast on your favorite podcatcher, or follow us on Youtube at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@TheVersian⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠If you would like to follow me on Threads, you can find me at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.threads.net/@the_versian.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠You can follow us on Discord at the invite code "8CtCNCj3fC"Be good, give your mother a hug if you can, and I'll catch you next time!Kailee Cain

To best understand this episode, please watch this ~2 minute video on the biotic pump.   It's widely known that Earth's forests provide home to countless numbers of species, act as a vast sink for carbon, and provide much of the food, materials, and clean water on which our societies rely. But emerging science shows us that forests may play another critical role: making rain. This theory, called the biotic pump theory, hypothesizes that instead of being passive recipients of rain, forests may actively create the conditions for precipitation over land – a premise that turns modern meteorology on its head. In this episode, Nate is joined by physicist Anastassia Makarieva about the critical yet often overlooked role forests play in maintaining ecological balance and climate stability. Through the lens of the biotic pump theory, she highlights the importance of moisture and rainfall cycles, the dangers of ecosystem tipping points, and the escalating risks of deforestation. Anastassia argues that a paradigm shift is needed – one that redefines how humanity understands and manages forests in the fight against global heating. What would climate models reveal if they fully integrated the Biotic Pump Theory? How might policies protecting against deforestation evolve if societies recognized the irreplaceable role forests play in how water moves on land?  And beyond policy, how might reconnecting with our deep interdependence on forests help us rediscover a richer connection to ourselves as individuals? (Conversation recorded on July 9th, 2025)   About Anastassia Makarieva: Dr. Anastassia Makarieva is a Russian atmospheric physicist and senior researcher at the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute. She obtained her Ph.D. in atmospheric physics from St. Petersburg State University in 2000. Makarieva is best known for co-developing the "biotic pump" theory alongside the late Professor Victor Gorshkov. The theory posits that forests play a crucial role in driving atmospheric moisture transport, effectively influencing rainfall patterns over land. Her work emphasizes the importance of intact forests in maintaining climate stability and has challenged conventional climate models to incorporate the dynamic role of vegetation in atmospheric processes.   Show Notes and More Watch this video episode on YouTube   Want to learn the broad overview of The Great Simplification in 30 minutes? Watch our Animated Movie.   ---   Support The Institute for the Study of Energy and Our Future   Join our Substack newsletter   Join our Hylo group and connect with other listeners  

In this special episode of SHE MD, hosts Mary Alice Haney and Dr. Thaïs Aliabadi dive deep into the world of gut health with Hannah Kleinfeld, co-founder and COO of Omni-biotic US. They explore the intricate connections between gut microbiome, hormonal balance, and overall health. Hannah shares her personal journey from battling Lyme disease to revolutionizing probiotic solutions.Access more information about the podcast and additional expert health tips by visiting SHE MD Podcast and Ovii. Dr. Hannah Kleinfeld's 5 Key Takeaways:Understand the gut-hormone connection: Get a comprehensive stool test to assess your gut healthAddress inflammation: Chronic gut inflammation can lead to systemic issues, including brain fog and fertility challenges.Choose targeted probiotics: Look for clinically-studied formulations addressing specific health needs. Choose a probiotic with multiple strains and proven efficacy like Omni-Biotic - Europe's #1 probiotic brand.Support gut health post-antibiotics: Replenish beneficial bacteria after antibiotic use to prevent long-term microbiome disruption.Consider lifestyle factors: Stress, diet, and environmental toxins all impact gut health.In This Episode: (00:00) Introduction(05:08) Lyme disease symptoms and diagnosis challenges(10:45) Omnibiotic: Targeted probiotics for gut health(15:29) Leaky gut and inflammation's widespread effects(20:46) Why probiotic supplements are necessary(26:31) Probiotic survival rates through digestion(32:03) Tailoring probiotics to individual health needs(37:35) Gut microbiome changes with agingRESOURCES:Omni Biotic WebsiteOmni Biotic InstagramGUEST BIOGRAPHY:Hannah Kleinfeld is the co-founder and COO of Omni-Biotic US. A Yale and Harvard graduate and certified health coach, Hannah first became passionate about gut health and functional medicine during her experience with Lyme disease in her early twenties. As a prominent voice in wellness and biohacking, she shares the latest clinical gut health research alongside her own healing journey, inspiring wellness lovers and biohackers worldwide.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Malvo is putting the finishing touches on his plans and Lester is in the hospital. So we should be wrapping this up right? RIGHT? We talk about: Jurassic World, FF8, Superman, Death Stranding Ladders, Luke Continues To Not Understand Blue Prince, MGS5, AEW All In, Baseball, We All Jerk Off Over A Review, Upsold On A Shotgun, Molly Does Her Job, Computers In The 2000s, Return Of The Van Man, Will Don Live, The Crime Cop, The Neighbor's Vibe, Molly Does A Crime, Dog Stuff, How Do We Get Five More Episodes, Bible Reference,

2025 belongs to post‑biotic ferments, copper peptides, and adaptogenic botanicals. In this episode, we break down why each ingredient matters, how they work and where you'll actually find them (think barrier‑repair toners, post‑treatment serums, overnight masks). You'll leave knowing:Post‑biotic ferments – rebuild the microbiome, calm inflammation, and lock in hydration.Copper peptides – trigger collagen and elastin minus the redness acids can cause; perfect after dermaplaning or microneedling.Adaptogenic botanicals – mushrooms, ashwagandha, and friends that help stressed skin bounce back and glow.We also share pro‑tips on layering (spoiler: skip vitamin C with copper) and simple talking points for educating clients who saw the latest “miracle” on TikTok. If you enjoy what you hear, don't forget to subscribe to Beauty Babble and rate our podcast. Your feedback helps us grow and continue delivering valuable insights to elevate your beauty industry journey. Stay tuned for more exciting episodes, and thank you for being a part of our Beauty Babble community!Have an idea for an episode topic? Submit your ideas or questions: https://forms.gle/fZ5ocyGdTxoPVJBz5Follow Us:https://www.instagram.com/beautycultcanada/https://www.facebook.com/BeautyCultCanadahttps://www.linkedin.com/company/beauty-cult-canadahttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN-221KVEUvgYwqkDhTBZTA

„Die 1000 gängigsten Medikamente können alle das Darmmikrobiom verändern. Hier kann es helfen, mit Probiotika gegenzusteuern. “ In diesem DEEP DIVE schauen wir uns Probiotika genauer an und beantworten die wichtigsten Fragen rund um Inhaltsstoffe, Wirkung und Dosierung: Wieso sind Bakterien so wichtig für unseren Darm? In welchen Nahrungsmitteln sind Probiotika enthalten? Wann sollten Probiotika am besten eingenommen werden? Was bewirken sie in unseren Körpern? Und wir machen den Quick Check: Was gilt es bei der Kombination mit anderen Supplements zu beachten? Können Probiotika überdosiert werden? Ist die Einnahme für Schwangere, Kinder oder Menschen mit Vorerkrankungen unbedenklich? Und woran erkenne ich qualitativ hochwertige Probiotika? Antworten in diesem DEEP DIVE: Probiotika. -- artgerecht BIOTIC hier direkt bestellen: https://bit.ly/4kawGCQ -- Spare 15% mit dem Code: HEALTHNERDS15 (im Warenkorb eingeben) -- Zutaten: Maltodextrin, Bakterienkulturen (Milch, Soja); Füllmittel: Magnesiumstearat; Antioxidationsmittel: Ascorbinsäure; Kapselhülle: Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.

In this episode of The Crop Science Podcast Show, Dr. Sean Prager from the University of Saskatchewan explores the intricate relationship between insects, crops, and pest management. He discusses the role of beneficial insects, the impact of climate change on pest populations, and insights on integrated pest management (IPM). He also shares findings on how biotic and abiotic stress in canola affects bee health and pollination. Learn how crop production and entomology intersect to improve sustainability and yields. Listen now on all major platforms!"A key challenge in modern agriculture is balancing effective pest control while preserving beneficial insects that support crop health and productivity."Meet the guest: Dr. Sean Prager is an Associate Professor in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Saskatchewan. He holds a Ph.D. in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology from Brock University and has extensive experience in entomology, host choice behavior, and integrated pest management. His research focuses on plant-insect interactions, pest control strategies, and the impact of environmental stressors on beneficial insects. What you will learn:(00:00) Highlight(00:59) Introduction(03:08) Managing crop pests(07:10) Integrated pest management(13:58) Importance of beneficial insects(20:47) Biotic & abiotic stress on bees(25:52) Crop-bee interactions(30:39) Final three questionsThe Crop Science Podcast Show is trusted and supported by the innovative companies:- KWS- S&W Seed Co.

In this special episode of Fire Ecology Chats with Spanish translations, Fire Ecology editor Bob Keane speaks with Iván Barberá about fire patterns and drivers over the last 24 years in northwestern Patagonia.Full journal article can be found at https://fireecology.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42408-025-00353-8

Paul George is an assistant professor at Laval University in Quebec. He asked people from around the country to send in air filters from their cars so he could study the amount of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in different regions. The Morning Show's Jonny Hodder spoke with Paul to find out more.

In this episode, ISAPP's current President Prof. Maria Marco PhD and past President Prof. Dan Merenstein join the podcast hosts for a conversation about highlights in biotic science from the past year. Prof. Marco points out a paper published in Nature Microbiology, the result of an ISAPP discussion group exploring whether diet may be a confounder of biotic effects in clinical studies. The group concluded that scientists should work with dietitians to include data on participants' habitual diet in future studies on biotics – particularly with on prebiotics. These efforts will help scientists establish causality and understand the basis of individual responses to a biotic intervention. Prof. Merenstein highlighted conversations in 2024 around the role of probiotics in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), including ISAPP's panel on this topic at the annual meeting in Cork, Ireland. Although US regulators have recently warned against the use of probiotics for preterm infants in the NICU setting, the data overwhelmingly points to benefits and this may eventually drive regulatory change. Prof. Marco added that a take-away from ISAPP's panel was that parents of preterm infants should be included in the decision-making around whether to use probiotics. The guests talked about Prof. Merenstein's recent appointment to the National Academy of Medicine and his rigorous approach to primary care research. Further highlights in the science this year were ISAPP's papers exploring evidence for probiotics restoring an antibiotic-disrupted microbiota, and evidence for the benefits of probiotics in healthy individuals – both of which found a lack of conclusive evidence to answer these questions. Many gaps exist in the knowledge around biotics, gut microbiota, and health – for example, another paper this year found that the abundance of microorganisms in a fecal sample is a confounder of microbiome-disease associations. And finally, beyond the scientific advancements, conveying the scientific concepts to the general public requires careful consideration and dedicated effort. Episode abbreviations and links: ISAPP paper calling for dietary data to be included in clinical trials on biotics: Design and reporting of prebiotic and probiotic clinical trials in the context of diet and the gut microbiome Blog article on ISAPP's panel on the use of probiotics for preterm infants: Expert Panel at ISAPP Annual Meeting Addresses Probiotic Use for Premature Infants Blog article on Prof. Merenstein's appointment to the National Academy of Medicine: ISAPP Board Member Prof. Dan Merenstein MD Elected to National Academy of Medicine Explanation of ISAPP's paper exploring whether probiotics restore an antibiotic-disrupted microbiota: ISAPP panel concludes that more evidence is needed to determine whether probiotics help restore an antibiotic-disrupted microbiota Paper showing fecal microbial load may confound microbiome-disease associations: Fecal microbial load is a major determinant of gut microbiome variation and a confounder for disease associations About Prof. Maria Marco PhD Dr. Maria Marco, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Food Science and Technology at the University of California, Davis. She earned her bachelor's degree in microbiology at The Pennsylvania State University and her PhD in microbiology at the University of California, Berkeley. As a postdoc at NIZO food research in The Netherlands, she developed a love for lactic acid bacteria and the importance of these microorganisms in our foods and the digestive tract. Her postdoctoral studies led to the discovery that probiotics are metabolically active in the intestine and responsive to dietary intake. Dr. Marco started her lactic acid bacteria and gut health laboratory at UC Davis in 2008 and has built an internationally-recognized, NIH, USDA, and NSF funded research program on probiotics, fermented foods, and dietary modulation of the gut microbiome. Dr. Marco also consults with and has received funding from international foundations and companies to investigate how certain microbes in foods or supplements may benefit health. She is active with science communication activities such as the EATLAC project and is the instructor for two food microbiology courses. Dr. Marco received the American Society for Microbiology Distinguished Lecturer award in 2012. Recently, she founded the ongoing Gordon Research Conference series on Lactic Acid Bacteria. Dr. Marco attended her first ISAPP meeting as a postdoc and participated as an invited expert before joining the ISAPP Board of Directors in 2019. About Prof. Dan Merenstein Dr. Daniel Merenstein, MD, is a Professor with tenure of Family Medicine at Georgetown University, where he also directs Family Medicine research. Dr. Merenstein has a secondary appointment in the undergraduate Department of Human Science, in the School of Health. Dr. Merenstein teaches two undergraduate classes, a research capstone and a seminar class on evaluating evidence based medical decisions. He has been funded by PCORI, NIH, USDA, foundations and industry. The primary goal of Dr. Merenstein's research is to provide answers to common clinical questions that lack evidence and improve patient care. Dr. Merenstein is a clinical trialist who has recruited over 2,000 participants for 10 probiotic trials since 2006. He is an expert on probiotics, on antibiotic stewardship in outpatient settings, and also conducts HIV research in a large women's cohort. He sees patients in clinic one day a week. Dan lives in Maryland with his wife and 4 boys.

Invasive species reduce native biodiversity and hinder an ecosystem's ability to support life, including our own. Managing invasive species can be very challenging, but that doesn't intimidate people like Dr. Mike Schuster. Learn how he and his colleagues are using the ecological principal of biotic resistance to study how some native plants such as rye grasses (genus Elymus) can help control invasive species like buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica). This episode was produced in part by Shad, Maddie, Owen, Linda, Alana, Sigma, Max, Richard, Maia, Rens, David, Robert, Thomas, Valerie, Joan, Mohsin Kazmi Photography, Cathy, Simon, Nick, Paul, Charis, EJ, Laura, Sung, NOK, Stephen, Heidi, Kristin, Luke, Sea, Shannon, Thomas, Will, Jamie, Waverly, Brent, Tanner, Rick, Kazys, Dorothy, Katherine, Emily, Theo, Nichole, Paul, Karen, Randi, Caelan, Tom, Don, Susan, Corbin, Keena, Robin, Peter, Whitney, Kenned, Margaret, Daniel, Karen, David, Earl, Jocelyn, Gary, Krysta, Elizabeth, Southern California Carnivorous Plant Enthusiasts, Pattypollinators, Peter, Judson, Ella, Alex, Dan, Pamela, Peter, Andrea, Nathan, Karyn, Michelle, Jillian, Chellie, Linda, Laura, Miz Holly, Christie, Carlos, Paleo Fern, Levi, Sylvia, Lanny, Ben, Lily, Craig, Sarah, Lor, Monika, Brandon, Jeremy, Suzanne, Kristina, Christine, Silas, Michael, Aristia, Felicidad, Lauren, Danielle, Allie, Jeffrey, Amanda, Tommy, Marcel, C Leigh, Karma, Shelby, Christopher, Alvin, Arek, Chellie, Dani, Paul, Dani, Tara, Elly, Colleen, Natalie, Nathan, Ario, Laura, Cari, Margaret, Mary, Connor, Nathan, Jan, Jerome, Brian, Azomonas, Ellie, University Greens, Joseph, Melody, Patricia, Matthew, Garrett, John, Ashley, Cathrine, Melvin, OrangeJulian, Porter, Jules, Griff, Joan, Megan, Marabeth, Les, Ali, Southside Plants, Keiko, Robert, Bryce, Wilma, Amanda, Helen, Mikey, Michelle, German, Joerg, Cathy, Tate, Steve, Kae, Carole, Mr. Keith Santner, Lynn, Aaron, Sara, Kenned, Brett, Jocelyn, Ethan, Sheryl, Runaway Goldfish, Ryan, Chris, Alana, Rachel, Joanna, Lori, Paul, Griff, Matthew, Bobby, Vaibhav, Steven, Joseph, Brandon, Liam, Hall, Jared, Brandon, Christina, Carly, Kazys, Stephen, Katherine, Manny, doeg, Daniel, Tim, Philip, Tim, Lisa, Brodie, Bendix, Irene, holly, Sara, and Margie.

In this episode, ISAPP's current President Prof. Maria Marco PhD and past President Prof. Dan Merenstein join the podcast hosts for a conversation about highlights in biotic science from the past year. Prof. Marco points out a paper published in Nature Microbiology, the result of an ISAPP discussion group exploring whether diet may be a […] The post 2024 highlights in biotic science, with ISAPP's current and past Presidents appeared first on International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP).

In this special Christmas episode of Empower Your Thinking, we explore the profound significance of Christ's birth through the lens of the Biotic Gospel. Beyond the commercialized traditions of the season, we reflect on the true meaning of Christmas—how the incarnation of Christ initiated a transformative process for humanity. Learn how the birth of Christ represents not just a historical event but the beginning of a new creation, offering us a life infused with divine purpose, power, and renewal. Join us as we uncover how embracing the Biotic Gospel can empower you to live with intention, purpose, and transformation this holiday season and beyond.RESOURCES

Mikey & Jeremy watch S5E15 of Smallville, "Cyborg". They discuss Spiderman, Batman, and The Six Million Dollar Man.

Today, you'll learn about the potential positive power of gossip, how climate change is making zooplankton in Lake Erie confused, and a surprising connection between new school buses and student performance in school. Gossip “Can't Stand Gossip? Let's Talk, New Research Suggests.” by Emily C. Nunez. 2024. “Explaining the evolution of gossip.” by Xinyue Pan, et al. 2024. “Who Gossips and How in Everyday Life?” by Megan L. Robbins, et al. 2019. Zooplankton “In Lake Erie, climate change scrambles zooplankton seasonal presence.” by Tatyana Woodall. 2024. “Zooplankton Facts.” n.a. 2024. “Biotic and thermal drivers alter zooplankton phenology in western Lake Erie.” by Jenna Bailey & James M. Hood. 2024. School Bus Science “Could riding older school buses hinder student performance?” University of Michigan. 2024. “EPA Clean School Bus Rebate Program Offers $500 Million in Funding.” n.a. 2023. “School Bus Rebate Program and Student Educational Performance Test Scores.” by Meredith Pedde, PhD, et al. 2024. Follow Curiosity Daily on your favorite podcast app to get smarter with Calli and Nate — for free! Still curious? Get exclusive science shows, nature documentaries, and more real-life entertainment on discovery+! Go to https://discoveryplus.com/curiosity to start your 7-day free trial. discovery+ is currently only available for US subscribers. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

My go-to for Butyrate supplementation: https://www.glutenfreesociety.org/shop/health-focus/gut-digestion/ultra-butyrate-one-time/Most of you have heard of "prebiotics". Most have you have heard of "probiotics". But have you heard of "POST-biotics"? These molecules can help alleviate constipation, improve weight loss and insulin resistance, and may be the key to preventing cancers as well as leaky gut.Butyrate is the primary fuel source for the cells of the large intestine, and it has been shown to play important roles in maintaining the gut barrier, modulating inflammation, and aids in proper gut motility.To connect with Dr. Osborne visit:On the web: https://drpeterosborne.com/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DoctorPeterOsborne/Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/docosborne/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drosborneTwitter: https://twitter.com/glutenology*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This video is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. It is strictly intended for educational purposes only. Additionally, this information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician. Dr. Peter Osborne is one of the most sought after alternative and nutritional experts in the world. A Diplomate with the American Clinical Board of Nutrition, a graduate of Texas Chiropractic College, and a doctor of pastoral science, Dr. Osborne is one of the world's leading authorities on gluten, nutrition, and natural health. He is the founder GlutenFreeSociety.org, one of the world's largest informational sites on gluten sensitivity. In addition, he is the author of the best selling book, No Grain No Pain, published by Touchstone (Simon & Schuster). His work has been featured by PBS, Netflix, Amazon, Fox, and many other nationally recognized outlets. For more information, visit us at https://www.glutenfreesociety.org/ or call 281-903-7527

Dr. Devaki Lindsey Berkson is a thought leader in functional medicine, with an emphasis on hormones, nutrition, digestion, and intimacy.   Berkson was a distinguished hormone scholar at a world-renowned estrogen think tank at Tulane University because she wrote one of the first breakthrough books on endocrine disruption).   Dr. Berkson has taught re-licensing seminars to professionals (MDs, pharmacists, chiropractors, NDs, acupuncturists, nutritionists) and formulated the first female nutraceutical line for physicians in the U.S. and now Biotic's first female line (Receptor Detox, Hormone Balance & Protect).   Berkson is often a keynote at prestigious medical and pharmaceutical symposium.   Berkson is credited with the in-depth knowledge of Estrogen Vindication and has an eBook on Hormones for Breast Cancer Survivors at DrLindseyBerkson.com.   In this episode, we dive into the often misunderstood world of estrogen hormone replacement therapy with Dr. Berkson. We debunk myths, particularly those about estrogen's links to cancer and serotonin, and discuss the protective roles of hormones like progesterone and testosterone. We cover the evolution of hormone therapy, address individualized dosing, and explore how hormones interact with nutrition and lifestyle for optimal health. In this episode: Estrogen myths that have been perpetuated by figures like Dr. Joseph Mercola. Why accurate, science-based information on natural hormone therapy is crucial for women's health. Addressing misconceptions about estrogen's link to cancer and serotonin. Why estrogen is not solely responsible for inducing cancer growth, contrary to popular belief. How progesterone and testosterone are often overlooked yet play protective roles in hormone balance. Why individualized hormone dosing is essential for optimal hormone therapy outcomes. How innovative uses of estrogen therapy can benefit breast cancer patients and overall health. Why understanding hormone receptors and metabolism is so important in HRT. How nutrition and lifestyle interplay with hormones to impact health. Why a one-size-fits-all approach to hormone dosing can potentially be harmful. The upcoming CME course on hormones that Dr. Berkson is involved with. Why collaboration with oncologists is important when administering estrogen to breast cancer patients. How estrogen supports metabolism and may reduce type 2 diabetes risk. Why high-dose oral progesterone can lead to issues like depression and breast tissue inflammation. How current research suggests estrogen may protect against breast cancer, challenging past beliefs.   Watch the webinar "Let's Talk Estrogen" here. Register for Dr. Lindseys Hormone Course Everything Hormones Sponsors: Go to https://neurohacker.com/HORMONE to try Qualia Senolytic with a 100 day money back guarantee, and code HORMONE will get you 15% off your first order. Try LMNT and claim your FREE gift! Get a free 8-count Sample Pack with any purchase. https://DrinkLMNT.com/KarenMartel Try Timeline's Urolithin A (500mg of Mitopure) and Face Products at https://www.timelinenutrition.com/karenmartel, use coupon code HORMONE for 10% off. Interested in joining our NEW Peptide Weight Loss Program? Join today and get the details here. Join our Women's Group Coaching Program OnTrack TODAY! Karen Martel, Certified Hormone Specialist & Transformational Nutrition Coach and weight loss expert. Visit https://karenmartel.com/ Karen's Facebook Karen's Instagram

Comet recently conducted research that revealed four biotics macro market trends that highlight major opportunities in food, beverage and supplement development for the year ahead.

Game Purchase Choices and Life Choices   Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2btWgqpxXgtH25r6OXEMg1   RSS Feed: https://anchor.fm/s/e59a406c/podcast/rss GGR Discord

I am a sucker for supplements with extensive and impressive research to prove their biohacking benefits, and OMNi-BiOTiC is one of them. Research studies by OMNi-BiOTiC show a 50% or 70% improvement in things like brain function, insulin sensitivity, and detoxification which is really compelling—and exactly why we have Hannah Kleinfield on the show today.Hannah Kleinfeld is the Chief Operating Officer of Allergosan USA, the U.S. joint-venture partner of Institut Allergosan, a global leader in microbiome science and gut health products. She is dedicated to educating about the importance of gut health as a foundation for wellbeing and passionate about helping others experience healthy and vibrant lives. That passion is clear in today's episode where she shares the research and broad-ranging benefits of the OMNi-BiOTiC line of probiotic supplements. We talk about why it's so important to have a thriving gut, the important link between gut health and brain function, what is most likely to harm our guts, especially in the US, and how to find which probiotic is right for you. If you're into biohacking, whether you're already doing really well and you're looking for what's next, or you've still got that extra 20 pounds that won't budge but you can see you're moving in the right direction, this might be a really big step to help move you toward your goals. If you'd like to try these products for yourself, go to omnibioticlife.com and use code DAVE20 to get 20% off.(02:24) Revitalizing Gut Health with New Technology• Repairing her gut after Lyme disease• The difference between European and US-based supplement brands• Shop OMNi-BiOTiC (use code DAVE20 to get 20% off)• Where to start with probiotics• What is most harmful to the gut(19:25) Probiotic Power: Detoxing, Brain Boosting & Insulin Resistance• How to address a bad bacteria—Clostridium difficile• How a probiotic can change your brain activity• Delivery method of OMNi-BiOTiC• Exploring the benefits of OMNi-BiOTiC Hetox for liver support and insulin resistance• Recommended tests for monitoring what's going on in your body(34:41) All You Need to Know About Probiotics • Why OMNi-BiOTiC doesn't use spores• Pairing OMNi-BiOTiC with other probiotics• What people should know about probiotics• Tips for clearing SIBO• When to take probiotics after being on antibiotics ResourcesDave Asprey's NEW Book ‘Smarter Not Harder' is out now: https://daveasprey.com/books Website: omnibioticlife.com (use code DAVE20 to get 20% off)Instagram: @omnibioticlifeThe Human Upgrade is produced by Crate Media.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Welcome to TCR This is HH your host. We are on episode number 384. Today's Topic is … Trees, Climate & the Biotic Pump The climate report is about separating truth from fiction in the climate space. There's a lot of fiction out there, a lot of storytelling, a lot of rhetoric. But we help you separate the rhetoric from the reality. Part 1. Why this topic (Trees, Climate and the Biotic Pump) Part 2. Fun facts about the biotic pump Part 3. What the UN says about Climate Change. Part 4. More about Trees & Climate Why this topic? Must understand it to understand climate. Little emphasized and rarely talked about. Describes how forests act to pull rain This topic encourages (or demands) support for preservation of our forests. Part 2. Fun Facts about the Biotic Pump. biotic pump theory shows how forests create and control winds coming up from the ocean and in doing so bring water to the forests further inland (or downwind?) The biotic pump describes how water vapor given off by trees can drive winds and these winds can cross continents and deliver this moisture to far off forests. Biotic pump theory has urged forest preservation, restoring hydrologic cycles and planetary cooling. Trees and plants slow the progress of rainfall. Trees and plants release water vapor Trees release VOCs (terpenoids) Trees release airborne microbes (aerobacter). These facilitate condensation. Condensation creates a vacuum. The Vacuum draws in air from elsewhere, and thus continues the process. Rain falls more easily into a cool, moist area. Trees and plants create increasingly healthy soil. Trees transpire lots of water. This has a cooling effect. Transpiration puts water back into the atmosphere. Rainfall helps plant growth, thus increasing forest cover. Vegetation (trees and plants) create a more moist environment, due to shade, but also due to evaporative cooling. When sunlight hits an area not covered with plants, it tends to heat up. But plant cover takes the same sunshine and uses it to cool the area down. Water has a high specific heat, meaning it is slow to take on heat when it's warming up, and slow to release heat when it's cooling down. Tree canopies slow the progression of rain to the soil surface and soften the impact. Plants create organic matter that create soil carbon, enhancing soil structure for the infiltration and storage of water. When there is forest cover, this protects soil from erosion. trees and plants photosynthesize sugars providing a foundational ingredient of life and growth. Photosynthesis also produces oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the air. Trees also provide food and timber, and foster biodiversity. Forested lands provide ample water for human and animal life. (and plant life, fungi, microbes) Rajendra Singh, the Waterman of India, led a movement that restored several rivers in Rhajastan increasing vegetation cover from 2% to 48%, cooling the region by 2o Celsius, and increasing rainfall.[17],[19]

Click to listen to episode (5:28).Sections below are the following:Transcript of AudioAudio Notes and AcknowledgmentsImagesSourcesRelated Water Radio EpisodesFor Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.)Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 8-4-23. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of August 7 and August 14, 2023. MUSIC – ~27 sec – Lyrics: “I'm gonna soak up the sun, I'm gonna dry out the river, I'm gonna run to the shimmering pond, until the summer comes….” That's part of “Until the Summer Comes,” by the Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Va.-based band, The Steel Wheels.  It sets the stage for this episode's exploration of what one may hear and see when the summer comes to a southwestern Virginia pond on a hot July day.  On July 27, 2023, I visited a Blacksburg pond to listen and watch at four times during the day.  Have a listen for about 80 seconds to an audio post card of that pondside day and see what creatures you recognize.  Short breaks in the audio separate recordings at sunrise, mid-day, and sunset. SOUND – ~83 sec Some of the sounds you heard were a Louisiana Waterthrush beside the pond's outlet stream at sunrise; melodic Wood Thrushes at sunrise and sunset; a Belted Kingfisher at midday; and, as the day was ending, the buzzing of cicadas, the croaking trills of Gray Tree Frogs, the chittering of Chimney Swifts, and the eerie whistles of a Screech Owl.  Throughout most of the day one could also hear various other birds, such as cardinals, crows, and towhees, along with the occasional “thunk” of a Green Frog.Other sights of the day included a Great Blue Heron flying away from the pond at sunrise and returning at sunset; Cedar Waxwings feeding on pond insects; dragonflies and damselflies mating and defending territories; water striders skating on the pond surface; a slow-moving Snapping Turtle; and what might have been a mink diving into the pond's outlet stream. The small but information-rich book, A Golden Guide to Pond Life, notes that the various kinds of natural and human-constructed ponds have, quote, “ceaseless activity” in spring and summer, and that thousands of plants and animals live in or near ponds, lakes, and streams.  While the summer's still here, I hope you have time to explore a pond or some other aquatic world. Thanks to The Steel Wheels for permission to use this episode's music, and we close with about 25 more seconds of “Until the Summer Comes.” MUSIC – ~27 sec – Lyrics: “…until the summer comes.” SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Until the Summer Comes,” from the 2013 album “No More Rain,” is copyright by The Steel Wheels, used with permission.  More information about The Steel Wheels is available online at http://www.thesteelwheels.com/.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio in Episode 569, 3-22-21. This episode's sounds were recorded by Virginia Water Radio beside a pond at a private residence in Blacksburg, Va., on July 27, 2023. Virginia Water Radio thanks Virginia Water Resources Research Center Director Stephen Schoenholtz for his help with this episode. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com. IMAGESPond view at about 6:28 a.m.Pond view at 8:05 p.m. Water strider at 12:47 p.m. Dragonfly at 12:50 p.m. SOURCES Used for Audio George K. Reid, Pond Life (Golden Guide®), as revised by Jonathan P. Latimer et al., St. Martin's Press, New York, N.Y., 2001 (the “ceaseless activity” quote and the other information that the audio mentioned from this source were taken from pages 4, 5, 8, and 9.). For More Information about Ponds Let's Talk Science (Canada), “Introduction to Lakes & Ponds,” online at https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders/introduction-lakes-ponds.  New Hampshire PBS, “NatureWorks/Ponds,” online at https://nhpbs.org/natureworks/nwep7b.htm. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, “Private Pond Management,” online at https://dwr.virginia.gov/fishing/private-pond-management/.  According to this source as of August 6, 2023, there are an estimated 80,000 ponds in Virginia. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the following three subject categories; “Amphibians”; “Birds”: and “Rivers, Streams, and Other Surface Waters.” The Louisiana Waterthrush was featured in Episode 520, 4-13-20. Following are links to some other episodes related to ponds. Episode 82, 10-3-11 – an introduction to ponds.Episode 309, 3-28-16 – ponds as the setting for exploring temperature in animals.Episode 381, 8-14-17 – ponds as two of six water locations for sound recordings at midnight.Episode 404, 1-22-18 – ice on ponds. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode's audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post. 2020 Music SOLs SOLs at various grade levels that call for “examining the relationship of music to the other fine arts and other fields of knowledge.” 2018 Science SOLs Grades K-4: Living Systems and Processes2.5 – Living things are part of a system.3.5 – Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems support a diversity of organisms.4.3 – Organisms, including humans, interact with one another and with the nonliving components in the ecosystem. Grades K-5: Earth and Space Systems3.7 – There is a water cycle and water is important to life on Earth. Grades K-5: Earth Resources4.8 – Virginia has important natural resources. Grade 66.6 – Water has unique physical properties and has a role in the natural and human-made environment.6.8 – Land and water have roles in watershed systems. Life ScienceLS.5 – Biotic and abiotic factors affect an ecosystem.LS.6     – Populations in a biological community interact and are interdependent.LS.8 – Change occurs in ecosystems, communities, populations, and organisms over time. Virginia's SOLs are available from the Virginia Department of Education, online at https://www.doe.virginia.gov/teaching-learning-assessment/instruction Following are links to Water Radio episodes (various topics) designed especially for certain K-12 grade levels. Episode 250, 1-26-15 – on boiling, for kindergarten through 3rd grade. Episode 255, 3-2-15 – on density, for 5th and 6th grade. Episode 282, 9-21-15 – on living vs. non-living, for kindergarten. Episode 309, 3-28-16 – on temperature regulation in animals, for kindergarten through 12th grade. Episode 333, 9-12-16 – on dissolved gases, especially dissolved oxygen in aquatic habitats, for 5th grade. Episode 404, 1-22-18 – on ice on ponds and lakes, for 4th through 8th grade. Episode 407, 2-12-18 – on snow chemistry and physics, for high school. Episode 483, 7-29-19 – on buoyancy and drag, for middle school and high school. Episode 524, 5-11-20 – on sounds by water-related animals, for elementary school through high school. Episode 531, 6-29-20 – on various ways that animals get water, for 3rd and 4th grade. Episode 539, 8-24-20 – on basic numbers and facts about Virginia's water resources, for 4th and 6th grade. Episode 606, 12-6-21 – on freezing and ice, for kindergarten through 3rd grade.

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:05).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra InformationSources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 5-24-23. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of June 12 and June 19, 2023.  This is a revised version of an episode from August 2011. MUSIC – ~12 sec – instrumental. That's part of “Frog Legs Rag,” composed in 1906 by James Scott of Missouri.  It opens an episode on a frog known for its large size, deep voice, and big appetite.  Have a listen for about 15 seconds to the following mystery sounds, and see if you know what's making the croaks.  And here's a hint: what would you get if you combined a male hoofed mammal with a jumping amphibian? SOUNDS - ~16 sec If you guessed a bullfrog, you're right!  You heard calls of the American Bullfrog, the largest native frog in North America, with a length typically of 4 to 6 inches and sometimes as much as 8 inches.  This large size helps account for the males' deep mating call, often described as “jug-o-rum” and audible over considerable distances.  Bullfrogs are found all over Virginia in ponds, lakes, and still-water sections of streams.  These kinds of permanent water bodies with shallow water and vegetation are needed for mating, for the laying of thousands of eggs in sheets on the water surface, and for the tadpoles' development period of one to two years.  Bullfrog tadpoles feed mostly on algae, aquatic plants, and insects or other invertebrates, while adults feed on insects, crayfish, other frogs, snakes, small mammals, and—according to one source—“anything that is moving and that they can at least partially swallow”.  In turn, bullfrogs are prey for various wildlife species and in some states are a game species for humans.  The American Bullfrog's native range is from the East Coast to the Great Plains.  Some of these native populations have declined due to habitat loss, water pollution, and pesticides, while the species' range has expanded through introductions into several western states. Thanks to the U.S. Geological Survey for providing the American Bullfrog recording.  Thanks also to Free Music Archive for providing access to a public domain version of “Frog Legs Rag,” and we close with another 20 seconds of that music. MUSIC – ~22 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 74, 8-8-11. The sounds of the American Bullfrog heard in this episode were from the U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, online at https://www.umesc.usgs.gov/terrestrial/amphibians/armi/frog_calls.html. “Frog Legs Rag” was composed by James Scott (1885-1938) in 1906.  The version heard in this episode was from 1906 piano roll, accessed from Free Music Archive, online at https://freemusicarchive.org/music/James_Scott/Frog_Legs_Ragtime_Era_Favorites/01_-_james_scott_-_frog_legs_rag/.  The version was published as part of the 2010 album “Frog Legs: Ragtime Era Favorites,” online at https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Various_Artists_Kazoomzoom/Frog_Legs_Ragtime_Era_Favorites.  The site indicates that the “Frog Legs Rag” piano roll version is provided for use under Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.  More information about “Frog Legs Rag” and about James Scott is available from Gonzaga University, online at https://digital.gonzaga.edu/digital/collection/p15486coll3/id/12932/, and from the Library of Congress online at https://www.loc.gov/item/ihas.200035819/. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com. IMAGES American Bullfrog photographed in Alexandria, Va., May 21, 2023.  Photo by Caroline Quinn, made available on iNaturalist at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/163103785 (as of 5-25-23) for use under Creative Commons license “Attribution—Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).”  Information about this Creative Commons license is available online at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.American Bullfrog at Gavins Point National Fish Hatchery at Yukton, South Dakota, July 31, 2018.  Photo by Sam Stukel, made available for public use by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Digital Library, online at http://digitalmedia.fws.gov; specific URL for the photo was https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/31921/rec/1, as of 5-25-23. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT THE AMERICAN BULLFROG The scientific name of the American Bullfrog is Lithobates catesbianus; formerly, the scientific name was Rana catesbiana. The following information is quoted from the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries), “Fish and Wildlife Information Service/American Bullfrog Life History,” online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?Menu=_.Life+History&bova=020004&version=19500, and “Food Habits,” online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?Menu=_.Food+Habits&bova=020004&version=19500. Physical Description This is the largest native North American frog species in Virginia.  Lengths range from 85-200mm (3.5-6 in).  ...Males are generally smaller than females, have a yellowish wash on their throat, and a larger tympanum [eardrum], thumb, and forearm.  The male breeding call is a deep, full series of notes best described as “jug-a-rum.”... Reproduction This species breeds from the late spring to early fall.  Males are territorial.  Mating success is influenced by the quality of the territory. ... Females lay one or two clutches per season.  Average clutch size is 12,000 eggs.  Clutches are laid in a film on the water surface.  Eggs hatch in approximately 5 days.  Tadpoles can be very large, 125-150 mm.  Metamorphosis usually takes 1 year [and] larvae will overwinter in ponds.  Larval survivorship is

00:07:34 - Marvel Snap (Heath) 00:08:32 - Mass Effect 3 (Heath) 00:34:00 - Metroid Prime Remastered (Chris) 00:51:26 - Heath Laments too many Free Games 00:54:35 - Everything Everywhere All at Once Movie 01:00:50 - Deathloop (Chris) 01:05:44 - Call of the Sea (Heath) 01:08:38 - Resident Evil 2 Remake (Chris) 01:17:52 - Comparing King of the Castle to The King's Dilemma 01:26:22 - Eulogy for E3 01:31:34 - Game Grumps Video Appears in the Tetris Movie 01:35:20 - Video Game 20 Questions 01:49:11 - Closing Statements Send us an email at mobiustubespodcast@gmail.com Original release date: May 9th, 2023

It's pretty hard to go wrong no matter which way you head into the borderlands of southeastern Arizona. On the day that we turned west instead of east onto the blacktop near our home and headed towards the Dragoon Mountains the adventure began. The photos are mine of flowering Ceanothus greggii (desert buckbrush) and taken in the Dragoons where biotic communities clash.

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:27).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 3-3-23.TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of March 6 and March 13, 2023. MUSIC – ~ ~21 sec – instrumental. That's part of “Driving Rain,” by the Charlottesville- and Nelson County, Va.-based band, Chamomile and Whiskey.  It opens an episode on Severe Weather Awareness Week in Virginia, which in 2023 is being observed March 6 through March 10.  Have a listen to the music for about 25 more seconds, and see if you know six kinds of severe weather threats. MUSIC - ~24 sec – Lyrics: “In the driving rain,” then instrumental. Six weather-related disaster threats, as listed by the “Prepare” Web site of the Virginia Department of Emergency Management, or VDEM, are the following: extreme heat; flooding; hurricanes; thunderstorms plus lightning; tornadoes; and winter weather.  Helping people be aware of and prepared for weather-related threats is the reason for Severe Weather Awareness Week, which in Virginia is being promoted by VDEM and the National Weather Service's Wakefield Forecast Office.  As VDEM states in its online information, the week is, quote, “designed to refresh, remind, and educate everyone about the seasonal threats from severe weather and how to avoid them.  It's also a great time to make and practice your emergency plan!,” unquote.  Each weekday of Severe Weather Awareness week is dedicated to a particular topic; for 2023, the topics are these: Monday, March 6 – watches and warnings; Tuesday, March 7 – tornadoes, including a chance to practice a safety plan during a statewide tornado drill at 9:45 a.m. that day; Wednesday, March 8 – severe thunderstorms and associated hail, lightning, and wind; Thursday, March 9 – flash flooding; and Friday, March 10 – outdoor weather safety.  Information on all of these topics, and on how to participate in the March 7 statewide tornado drill, is available from VDEM, online at vaemergency.gov/severe-weather-awareness. Thanks to VDEM, the National Weather Service, and other federal, state, and local agencies and organizations that help people prepare for and respond to severe weather and many other kinds of emergencies.  Thanks also to Chamomile and Whiskey for permission to use this episode's music, and we close with about 15 more seconds of “Driving Rain.” MUSIC  - ~16 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “Driving Rain,” from the 2012 album “The Barn Sessions,” is copyright by Chamomile and Whiskey and by County Wide Records, used with permission.  More information about Chamomile and Whiskey is available online at http://www.chamomileandwhiskey.com/.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 629, 6-6-22. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES (Except as otherwise noted, photographs are by Virginia Water Radio.) Flooding-awareness sign along Fort Valley Road, beside Passage Creek, at the county line between Shenandoah and Warren counties in Virginia, August 22, 2016. Weather-emergency shelter sign on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, March 11, 2019.Rain bands of Hurricane Isobel over Virginia as seen from National Weather Service radar at Wakefield, Va., September 18, 2003.  Photo accessed from the NOAA Photo Library (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/U.S. Department of Commerce), online at https://photolib.noaa.gov/, accessed 3-6-23 (specific URL for the image was https://photolib.noaa.gov/Collections/National-Weather-Service/Exploring-the-Atmosphere/Radar-Other-Methods/emodule/649/eitem/4199).EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT WEATHER SAFETY The following safety recommendations were taken from National Weather Service/Wakefield, Va., Forecast Office, “Virginia Severe Weather Awareness Week 2023/Friday: Outdoor Weather Safety,” online at https://www.weather.gov/akq/SevereWeatherAwareness, as of 3-6-23. “Know Before You Go! Before heading outdoors, check the latest forecast from https://www.weather.gov/akq/[for the Hampton Roads, Va., region], or from [another] trusted weather source.  If severe weather is expected, stay home, or go before the weather is expected to deteriorate. “Monitor the Weather.  Have a NOAA Weather Radio, and/or apps that have radar and lightning data.  Make sure you have a way to receive weather warnings.  “Stop all Activities when you hear thunder or when weather conditions look threatening.  The first lightning strike can come out of a clear blue sky many miles ahead of an approaching thunderstorm cloud. “Know your area.  In hilly terrain, flash floods can strike with little or no advance warning.  Distant rain may be channeled into gullies and ravines, turning a quiet stream into a rampaging torrent in minutes.  Never camp on low ground next to streams since a flash flood can catch you while you're asleep. “Turn Around Don't Drown.  If you come upon flood waters, stop, turn around, and go another way.  Climb to higher ground. “When Thunder Roars Go Indoors.  There is no 100% safe shelter outside.  The only place of safety from lightning is inside a vehicle or a substantial, enclosed structure.  Do not take shelter in small sheds, under isolated trees, or in convertible automobiles.  Stay away from tall objects such as towers, fences, telephone poles, and power lines.” SOURCES USED FOR AUDIO AND OFFERING MORE INFORMATION National Weather Service/Wakefield, Va., Forecast Office, online at https://www.weather.gov/akq/SevereWeatherAwareness/. Virginia Department of Emergency Management (VDEM):“Severe Weather Awareness Week” (including information on the statewide tornado drill), online at https://www.vaemergency.gov/severe-weather-awareness/; and“Prepare: Be Ready When Disaster Strikes,” online at https://www.vaemergency.gov/prepare/.  At this site, the kinds of severe weather listed under “Disaster Threats Information,” as of 2-28-23, were the following (with links to more information):Extreme heat: https://www.vaemergency.gov/threats/extreme-heat/;Floods: https://www.vaemergency.gov/threats/floods/;Hurricanes: https://www.vaemergency.gov/threats/hurricanes/;Lightning and thunderstorms: https://www.vaemergency.gov/threats/lightning-and-thunderstorms/;Tornadoes: https://www.vaemergency.gov/threats/tornadoes/;Winter weather: https://www.vaemergency.gov/threats/winter-weather/. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Weather/Climate/Natural Disasters” subject category. Following are links to some other episodes on severe weather preparedness.Episode 489, 9-9-19 – on storm surge. Episode 568, 3-15-21 – on tornadoes.Episode 629, 6-6-22 – most recent annual season-preview episode. Episode 470, 4-29-19 – on weather messages (watches, warnings, etc.). Episode 643, 12-5-22 – most recent annual winter-preparedness episode. FOR VIRGINIA TEACHERS – RELATED STANDARDS OF LEARNING (SOLs) AND OTHER INFORMATION Following are some Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) that may be supported by this episode's audio/transcript, sources, or other information included in this post.

A future where robots replace human hair stylists, causing many salons to close down. New autonomous robot-operated hair salons open, offering a wide range of beauty services. Lynx, a stylist featured on The Ultimate Makeover Challenge, becomes one of the famous beauticians cloned through deep learning and available for selection on kiosk screens. In the fourth year, Lynx's contract with Biotic is completed, and she struggles to find work without being recorded by robots.Many of the characters in this project appear in future episodes.Using storytelling to place you in a time period, this series takes you, year by year, into the future. From 2040 to 2195. If you like emerging tech, eco-tech, futurism, perma-culture, apocalyptic survival scenarios, and disruptive science, sit back and enjoy short stories that showcase my research into how the future may play out.This is Episode 26 of the podcast "In 20xx Scifi and Futurism." The companion site is https://in20xx.com where you can find a timeline of the future, descriptions of future development, and printed fiction.Copyright © Leon Horn 2021. All rights reserved.

BONUS CONTENTPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/MFTIC?fan_landing=trueRokfin: https://www.rokfin.com/myfamilythinksimcrazySubstack: https://myfamilythinksimcrazy.substack.com/Synchro-Wisdom Dialogue: https://linktr.ee/mysticmarkpodcastKo-fi: https://ko-fi.com/myfamilythinksimcrazyMerch: https://mftic-podcast.creator-spring.comHelp fund the show, I cannot do this without your support.CashApp: $MarkSteevesJrVenmo: @MysticMarkPaypal: @mysticmarkBuy Me A Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/MFTICWithout you this Podcast would not exist, may good karma bless all who support.Roman Merrell, Co-host of Rising From The Ashes, invited me to join him in interviewing Doctor Michael E. Bell. We discussed Dr. Bell's book Food For The Dead, how folklore holds valuable information about human culture and how man has reconciled with and understood disease's like Tuberculosis as recently as 200 years ago. Only since the invention of Microscope have we had clear indications of a possible microscopic explanation for disease, nonetheless faith healing, folk medicine and arcane rituals persist in human culture. Consumption as it was known in the early days of American history, was often blamed on a vampiric disembodied evil that manifested its evil upon the living and siphoned vital energies into a nearby corpse usually of a known relative who recently perished to consumption themselves. Roman and I asked Dr. Bell many questions about folklore and Paracelsian medicine. Learn more from Doctor Bell, buy his book Food For The Dead via any major book retailer. Support the Homie Romie on Patreon and subscribe to his podcast Rising From The Ashes. This Episode's Artwork was created by Tiku follow him @Tikunkit @eyekonok on Instagram.Share This Episode: https://share.transistor.fm/s/ed39e59bThis Podcast is Sponsored by the Hit Kit! check out the Hit Kit Here  https://hitkit.us/New Booklet by Mystic MarkS.E.E.E.N. #2 N.E.M.M.E.S.S.I.S.S. Buy Nowhttps://ko-fi.com/s/9baa70f625MFTIC MerchJoin us on TelegramLeave me a message On Telegram!For Exclusive My Family Thinks I'm Crazy Content: Only 5$ get 150+ Bonus Episodes, Sign up on our Patreon For Exclusive Episodes. Check out the S.E.E.E.N.or on Rokfin@MFTICPodcast on Twitter@myfamilythinksimcrazy on Instagram, Follow, Subscribe, Rate, and Review we appreciate you!https://www.myfamilythinksimcrazy.comhttps://altmediaunited.com/my-family-thinks-im-crazy/Listen to Every AMU Podcast with this link. https://lnns.co/pI5xHeyFdfgGET A NEW PODCASTING APP! https://podcastindex.org/appsMUSICAL CREDITSMusic: DruidBy Wicked CinemaMusic: SinisterBy Ghost BeatzOutroMusic: Piano Concerto No 21 in C Major/As I DreamBy MomentsMusic: Soul TrapBy Tao ShuReleased under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License Thanks To Soundstripe and FMA CC4.0 ★ Support this podcast on Patreon ★

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:11).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra InformationSourcesRelated Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 12-16-22. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of December 19 and December 26, 2022.  This episode is the last in a series this year of episodes related to trees and shrubs. MUSIC – ~16 sec – instrumental. That's part of “Fair Meadows and Goodly Tall Trees,” by Timothy Seaman, of Williamsburg, Virginia, on his 2006 album, “Jamestown: On the Edge of a Vast Continent.”  Across that vast continent, from the Chesapeake Bay to forested western states, people recognize that “goodly tall trees,” as well as shorter trees and shrubs—in woods, parks, yards, and built areas—affect water resources in many important ways.  Have a listen to the music for about 30 more seconds and see if you can think of some of those ways. MUSIC  - ~30 sec – instrumental. If you thought of tree impacts on water supplies, aquatic habitat, or the physical or chemical quality of water, you're right!  Such impacts frequently provide benefits to humans, and those benefits are often called “ecosystem services.”  Here are five examples of water-related services that trees provide to human societies. 1.  Trees can slow or reduce stormwater runoff by intercepting precipitation, by transpiration (that is, the evaporation of water from leaves), and by increasing infiltration of water into the ground. 2.  Trees can improve water quality through reducing sediment inputs to waterways, when they slow runoff speed so that more sediment settles out, and when they hold soil in place at streamsides and in uplands. 3.  Trees can also improve water quality through uptake of plant nutrients that otherwise would remain in soil or water; excessive nutrients can degrade aquatic ecosystems and impair groundwater quality. 4.  Trees living on shorelines, and woody debris in waterways, provide food, habitat, and temperature regulation for aquatic ecosystems. And 5.  Trees can help reduce climate changes, with their many water-related aspects, through the uptake of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis and through reduction of human energy use by shading in hot weather and wind breaks in cold weather. In some cases, though, trees can have water-related impacts that are not positive for humans.  For example, tree use of water in some situations can reduce stream flows that provide water supplies, especially in summer; and in western states that depend on snowpack for water supply, trees may either increase or decrease the available snowpack, depending on several factors. Such circumstances remind us that trees exist for their own survival and reproduction, not for human benefit; nevertheless, those long-living, photosynthesizing, woody, and goodly tall beings do provide human beings with irreplaceable benefits. Thanks to Timothy Seaman for permission to use this episode's music, and we close out the episode—and our series on trees and shrubs—with the final 20 seconds of “Fair Meadows and Goodly Tall Trees.” MUSIC  - ~22 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Virginia Water Radio thanks Kevin McGuire and Stephen Schoenholtz, both of the Virginia Water Resources Research Center and the Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, for their help with this episode. “Fair Meadows and Goodly Tall Trees (Fingal's Cave),” from the 2006 album “Jamestown: On the Edge of a Vast Continent,” is copyright by Timothy Seaman and Pine Wind Music, used with permission.  More information about Timothy Seaman is available online at https://timothyseaman.com/en/.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio in Episode 354, 2-6-17. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES (Photographs are by Virginia Water Radio.) Trees planted along in riparian (streamside) zone of Stroubles Creek on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Va. (Montgomery County), December 8, 2022.Trees planted beside a stormwater facility on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, Va., October 3, 2010.Sycamore trees along the James River in Buchanan, Va. (Botetourt County), December 27, 2008.Tree leaves providing a source of food and habitat for aquatic invertebrate animals in Pandapas Pond in Montgomery County, Va., January 4, 2009.Woody debris in Little Stony Creek in U.S. Forest Service's Cascades Day Use Area in Giles County, Va., July 10, 2014.Trees providing shade, stormwater runoff reduction, and other benefits in downtown Blacksburg, Va., June 13, 2013. EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT WATER-RELATED BENEFITS OF TREES The following information is from the Virginia Department of Forestry, “Benefits of Trees,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/education-and-recreation/learn-about-education-recreation/benefits-of-tree/, as of 12-19-22. “Trees in Forests: Forests are well known for providing a renewable source of wood products. Some products come from the trees themselves, while others, like mushrooms or medicinal herbs, come from the forested environment. In addition to lumber, paper, and a host of other products, forests provide benefits called ‘ecosystem services,' including filtering air to improve air quality; preventing soil erosion; supplying places for outdoor recreation; providing wildlife and pollinator habitat; sequestering and storing carbon; protecting water quality; offering scenic beauty.”  “Trees in Cities and Towns: Trees in urban areas and yards have value, too. Neighborhoods with lots of trees have lower crime rates, less air pollution, lower energy costs, and higher property values than those without trees. Walking among trees can improve health, and even viewing trees through a window can speed patient recovery times.” “Trees in Riparian [Streamside] Areas: Trees in riparian, or streamside, zones provide special ecosystem benefits, including: filtering runoff to remove pesticides, fertilizer, and other chemicals; preventing streambank erosion and keeping sediment out of the stream; shading streams to keep them cool for aquatic organisms; dropping organic matter that serves as food and microhabitat for aquatic organisms; [and slowing] water during storm events....reducing flood potential.”   (This image was also including in the Show Notes for Virginia Water Radio Episode 621, 3-21-22, the introductory episode in the series on trees and shrubs.)SOURCESUsed for AudioAlliance for the Chesapeake Bay, “Forests,” online at https://www.allianceforthebay.org/forests/. See also the Alliance's November 29, 2022, blog post about goal of planting 29,000 trees in 2022; and information on their 2022 Volunteer Tree-planting Relay, online at https://www.allianceforthebay.org/2022-volunteer-tree-planting-relay.Center for Watershed Protection, “Trees and Stormwater Runoff,” online at https://www.cwp.org/reducing-stormwater-runoff/. F. Stuart Chapin, III, et al., Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology, Second Edition, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, N.Y, 2011.Chesapeake Bay Program, “Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement,” online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/what/what-guides-us/watershed-agreement.  The 2014 Bay Watershed Agreement is online (as a PDF) at https://d18lev1ok5leia.cloudfront.net/chesapeakebay/Chesapeake-Bay-Watershed-Agreement-Amended.pdf; see the “Vital Habitats” section in “Goals and Outcomes” (page 8 of the document) for a statement of the desired “Outcomes” for forest buffers and tree canopy.Vincent Cotrone, “The Role of Trees and Forests in Healthy Watersheds,” Penn State Extension, August 30. 2022, online at https://extension.psu.edu/the-role-of-trees-and-forests-in-healthy-watersheds. Michael Kuhns, “Windbreaks for Energy Conservation,” National Urban and Community Forestry Council, September 10, 2019, online at https://trees-energy-conservation.extension.org/windbreaks-for-energy-conservation/. Colleen Meidt, “USU study finds big trees play a big role in preserving snowpack,” Utah Public Radio, May 5, 2022, online at https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2022-05-05/usu-study-finds-big-trees-play-a-big-role-in-preserving-snowpack. Danielle Rhea, “Benefits of Large Woody Debris in Streams,” Penn State Extension, March 1, 2021, online at https://extension.psu.edu/benefits-of-large-woody-debris-in-streams. Eryn E. Schneider et al., “Tree spatial patterns modulate peak snow accumulation and snow disappearance,” Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 441, pages 9-19, June 1, 2019; accessed through ScienceDirect, online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112718323776, 12-15-22 (subscription may be necessary for online access). Virginia Department of Forestry:“Benefits of Trees,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/education-and-recreation/learn-about-education-recreation/benefits-of-tree/;“Benefits of Streamside Forests, online at https://dof.virginia.gov/water-quality-protection/learn-about-water-quality-protection/benefits-of-streamside-forests/;“My Trees Count,” online at https://vdof.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=f41f85765879480cab068547645d9d8e(this Web site has information about tree-planting projects across Virginia). Timothy B. Wheeler and Jeremy Cox, Bay region loses ground in effort to increase urban tree canopy, Bay Journal, October 11, 2022.For Examples of Tree Issues and Efforts in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed &

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:22).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Image Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 10-28-22. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio, with a special episode for Halloween 2022.  This episode is part of series this year of episodes related to trees and shrubs. SOUND – ~5 sec and fade - Tree creaking in wind. Creaking wood is often part of a scary Halloween soundscape of dark forests or old houses.  Does that creaking have anything to do with water?  That's one of five questions this episode poses, challenging you to make connections among Halloween, tree parts, and water.  After each question, you'll have about three seconds of some Halloween music to consider your answer.  Good luck, and I hope you do TREE-mendously. No. 1.  Scary human skeletons are a common Halloween feature.  In humans and other animals, skeletons support the body.  What part of trees, through which water and nutrients are transported, functions as the trees' structural support?  MUSIC - ~3 sec.  That's the xylem, also called the wood, which makes up the bulk of a tree trunk. No. 2.  Blood is a featured in many a frightful Halloween scene or costume.  Blood is a water-based fluid that humans and other animals use to transport oxygen, energy molecules, and other biochemicals to body parts.  What part of the tree carries energy molecules and other biochemicals to tree parts?  MUSIC - ~3 sec.  That's the phloem, which makes up a relatively thin layer just under a tree's bark. No. 3.  Ghosts or other specters are often depicted in white or black.  How do light and dark colors affect water in a tree?  MUSIC - ~3 sec.  Dark colors in or around trees absorb more solar radiation and therefore can increase temperature.  The light color or some trees, such some birches, can help reduce this effect.  Temperature, along with humidity, affects water movement into and out of trees, particularly by affecting transpiration, that is, the evaporation of water from plant parts. No. 4.  Wind whistling through trees is weather people often associate with Halloween nights.  How does wind affect the water in a tree?  MUSIC - ~3 sec.  Wind can increase transpiration both by bringing drier air to leaves and by moving away air that has absorbed moisture from the leaves. And no. 5.  Back to creaking wood.  How does water or dryness affect sounds in wood?  MUSIC - ~3 sec.  In wooden houses, creaking can result from temperature and humidity changes that swell or shrink the wood.   In trees, a crackling or popping sound—detected by scientists using microphones placed next to tree trunks—can result from air bubbles within the tree trunk, caused by tree dehydration.  Incidentally, frequent creaking sounds in trees may be an indicator of weak tree structure, so a creaking tree sometimes not only sounds scary but also is reason to be wary. I hope your Halloween this year and in years to come includes fun and functional trees along with adequate good water for them and for you.  We close with the full 50 seconds of the Halloween music you've heard during the questions.  Here's “A Little Fright Music,” composed for Virginia Water Radio by Torrin Hallett, currently with the Symphonic Orchestra of the State of Mexico. MUSIC – ~50 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Virginia Water Radio thanks Kevin McGuire, Virginia Water Resources Research Center, and Eric Wiseman, Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, for their help with this episode. The wind and creaking tree sounds were recorded by Virginia Water Radio in Blacksburg, Va., on October 5, 2014. “A Little Fright Music” is copyright 2020 by Torrin Hallett, used with permission.  As of October 2022, Torrin is the associate principal horn of the Symphonic Orchestra of the State of Mexico.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 601, 10-31-21.  Thanks very much to Torrin for composing this music especially for Virginia Water Radio. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGE (Unless otherwise noted, photographs are by Virginia Water Radio.) A strange “face” seems to peer out from the stump of a downed willow tree at the Virginia Tech Duck Pond in Blacksburg, October 10, 2022. SOURCES Used for Audio Pete and Ron's Tree Service [Tampa, Fla.], “Sounds Your Tree Could Make and Their Causes,” online at https://www.prtree.com/blog/2021/3/15/sounds-your-tree-could-make-and-their-causes. Maya Wei-Haas, “What Does a Dying Forest Sound Like?”;  Smithsonian Magazine, April 21, 2016, online at https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-does-dying-forest-sound-180958859/. Baird Foundation Repair [Texas], “Why Do Houses Creak?” online at https://www.bairdfoundationrepair.com/why-do-houses-creak/. Steven G. Pallardy, Physiology of Woody Plants, Third Edition, Elsevier/Academic Press, Burlington, Mass., 2008. Peter Scott, Physiology and Behaviour of Plants, John Wiley & Songs, Ltd., West Sussex, England, 2008. John R. Seiler, John W. Groninger, and W. Michael Aust, Forest Biology Textbook, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va., 2022, online at https://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/forbio/, as of 10-11-22.  Access requires permission of the Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Conservation, online at https://frec.vt.edu/; phone (540) 231-5483. Texas A&M University AgriLife Extension, “How Trees Grow,” online at https://agrilife.org/treecarekit/introduction-to-tree-care/how-trees-grow/. University of California-Santa Barbara, “Science Line: Why do black objects absorb more heat (light) than lighter colored objects?  What do wavelengths have to do with it?”; online at https://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=3873. For More Information about Trees and Shrubs in Virginia and Elsewhere Arbor Day Foundation, “Tree Guide,” online at https://www.arborday.org/trees/treeguide/index.cfm. Center for Watershed Protection, “Trees and Stormwater Runoff,” online at https://www.cwp.org/reducing-stormwater-runoff/. Chesapeake Bay Program, “Field Guide: Plants and Trees,” online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/critters?s=&fieldGuideType=Plants+%26+Trees&fieldGuideHabitat=. eFloras.org, “Flora of North America,” online at http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1. James P. Engel, “Shrubs in the Understory,” February 2012, online at http://www.whiteoaknursery.biz/essays/ShrubsinUnderstory.shtml. Oscar W. Gupton and Fred C. Swope, Trees and Shrubs of Virginia, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1981. Sanglin Lee and Alan Raflo, “Trees and Water,” Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Water Central Newsletter, pages 13-18, online at https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/49367.   (A Virginia Cooperative Extension version of this article—“Trees and Water,” by Sanglin Lee, Alan Raflo, and Jennifer Gagnon, 2018—with some slight differences in the text is available online at https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/pubs_ext_vt_edu/en/ANR/ANR-18/ANR-18NP.html.) Penn State Extension, “Trees, Shrubs, and Groundcovers Tolerant of Wet Sites,” prepared by N. Robert Nuss, and reviewed and revised by Scott Guiser and Jim Smellmer, October 2007, online at https://extension.psu.edu/trees-shrubs-and-groundcovers-tolerant-of-wet-sites. Plant Virginia Natives, “Virginia Native Shrubs—Backbone of Our Landscape,” undated, online at https://www.plantvirginianatives.org/virginia-native-shrubs. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Forests of Virginia, 2018, Resource Update FS-264, Asheville, N.C., 2020; available online at https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/59963. U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Forest Service, “State and Private Forestry Fact Sheet—Virginia 2022,” online (as a PDF) at https://apps.fs.usda.gov/nicportal/temppdf/sfs/naweb/VA_std.pdf. U.S. Department of Agriculture/Forest Service/Climate Change Resource Center, “Forest Tree Diseases and Climate Change,” online at https://www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/topics/forest-disease. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Natural Resources Conservation Service, “PLANTS Database,” online at https://plants.usda.gov. Virginia Botanical Associates, “Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora,” online at http://www.vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=start&search=Search. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation/Natural Heritage, online at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/.   See also “The Natural Communities of Virginia: Ecological Groups and Community Types,” online (as a PDF) at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/document/comlist07-21.pdf. Virginia Department of Forestry, “Virginia's Forests,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/.  Some of the useful pages at that site are the following:“Benefits of Trees,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/education-and-recreation/learn-about-education-recreation/benefits-of-tree/;“Common Native Trees of Virginia,” 2020 edition, online (as a PDF) at https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/Common-Native-Trees-ID_pub.pdf;Tree and Forest Health Guide, 2020, online (as a PDF) at https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/Tree-and-Forest-Health-Guide.pdf;“Trees for Clean Water Program,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/urban-community-forestry/urban-forestry-community-assistance/virginia-trees-for-clean-water-grant-program/;“Virginia Statewide Assessment of Forest Resources,” November 2020, online (as a PDF) at https://www.stateforesters.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2020-VA-Statewide-Assessment.pdf;“Tree Identification,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/education-and-recreation/learn-about-education-recreation/tree-identification/. Virginia Forest Landowner Education Program, Virginia Cooperative Extension and Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment, online at https://forestupdate.frec.vt.edu/. Virginia Forest Products Association, online at https://www.vfpa.net/. Virginia Native Plant Society, online at http://vnps.org/. Alan S. Weakley, J. Christopher Ludwig, and John F. Townsend, Bland Crowder, ed., Flora of Virginia, Botanical Research Institute Press, Ft. Worth, Tex., 2012.  Information is available online at The Flora of Virginia Project, http://www.floraofvirginia.org/. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Plants” subject category. Following are links to other episodes on trees and shrubs. Introduction to trees and water – Episode 621, 3-21-22.American Sycamore – Episode 624, 4-11-22.American Witch Hazel – Episode 639, 10-24-22.Ash trees – Episode 376, 7-10-17 and Episode 625, 4-18-22.Early spring wildflowers in woodlands – Episode 573, 4-19-21.Fall colors and their connection to water movement in trees – Episode 638, 10-10-22.“Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” video podcast series – Episode 637, 9-26-22.Forest lands and work in Virginia – Episode 623, 4-4-22. Maple trees – Episode 503, 12-16-19. Photosynthesis – Episode 602, 11-8-21. Poison Ivy and related plants, including the shrub Poison Sumac – &

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CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:22).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 10-7-22. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of October 10 and October 17, 2022.  This revised episode from October 2015 is part of a series this year of episodes related to trees and shrubs. MUSIC – ~12 sec – instrumental. In this episode, we feature music about an annual turning point that inspires humans but shuts down trees.  Have a listen for about 40 seconds. MUSIC – 40 sec – Lyrics: “Leaves turn green and then grow bright to every color, every type, and finally in the wind let go, to fall and paint the earth below.  Roots so deep, the trunk so high, her arms reached up into the sky; through her veins all colors run from everywhere to everyone.” You've been listening to part of “Colors,” by John McCutcheon, on his 1998 album “Four Seasons: Autumnsongs,” from Rounder Records.  Prior to moving to Atlanta in 2006, Wisconsin native John McCutcheon was a long-time resident of Charlottesville, Virginia.  The song's full lyrics describe a growing appreciation of the variety of fall leaf colors and their power to inspire and invigorate people.  But for deciduous trees—that is, those that lose all of their leaves annually—autumn colors and falling leaves are signs of internal changes leading to the relative inactivityof winter dormancy.  Reduced water movement is one of the key changes.  Leaf drop follows the sealing off of a leaf's veins from the stem vessels that carry water and dissolved materials to and from the leaf during the growing season.  During that growing season, evaporation of water from leaves—called transpiration—and the cohesion between water molecules are the main driving forces pulling water up from roots through woody stems to the leaves.  This water movement provides tree cells the vital fluid needed for the cells' structures and biochemical reactions that allow survival and growth.  That growth stops during winter dormancy, and water movement is much reduced. After leaf fall, left behind on winter twigs are characteristic marks called leaf scars containing bundle scars showing the previous growing season's points of fluid transfer between stems and leaves.  Above or beside the leaf scars are overwintering buds, harboring the tissues that will become next year's leaves and colors. Thanks to John McCutcheon and Appalseed Productions for permission to use this week's music, and we close with about 20 more seconds of “Colors.” MUSIC – ~23 sec – instrumental. SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Virginia Water Radio episode revises and replaces Episode 285, 10-12-15. “Colors” from the 1998 album “Four Seasons: Autumnsongs,” on Rounder Records, is copyright by John McCutcheon/Appalsongs and Si Kahn/Joe Hill Music, used with permission of John McCutcheon.  More information about John McCutcheon is available online at http://www.folkmusic.com/.  Thanks to Erin Grace Deedy of Appalseed Productions for her help in acquiring permission to use this music.  More information about Appalseed Productions is available online at https://appalseed-productions-2.square.site/. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES (Unless otherwise noted, photographs are by Virginia Water Radio.) Red Maple in Blacksburg, Va., October 6, 2022.  Sugar Maple in Blacksburg, Va., October 6, 2022.Two Sugar Maples with a Pignut Hickory in between, on the Virginia Tech campus in Blacksburg, October 11, 2022. Sourwood on Brush Mountain near Blacksburg, Va., October 9, 2022. Blueberry shrub on Brush Mountain near Blacksburg, Va., October 9, 2022.Black Gum twig showing bud above a crescent-shaped leaf scar; the leaf scar contains three white bundle scars.  Photo by John Seiler, Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Conservation; used with permission.SOURCES Used for Audio John R. Seiler, John W. Groninger, and W. Michael Aust, Forest Biology Textbook, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va., 2022.  Access requires permission of the Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Conservation, online at https://frec.vt.edu/; phone (540) 231-5483; e-mail: frec@vt.edu. F. Stuart Chapin, III, et al., Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology, Second Edition, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, N.Y, 2011. Steven G. Pallardy, Physiology of Woody Plants, Third Edition, Elsevier/Academic Press, Burlington, Mass., 2008. U.S. Forest Service, “Why Leaves Change Color,” U.S. Forest Service, online (as a PDF) at https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/stelprd3817419.pdf. For More Information about Trees and Shrubs in Virginia and Elsewhere Center for Watershed Protection, “Trees and Stormwater Runoff,” online at https://www.cwp.org/reducing-stormwater-runoff/. Chesapeake Bay Program, “Field Guide: Plants and Trees,” online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/critters?s=&fieldGuideType=Plants+%26+Trees&fieldGuideHabitat=. eFloras.org, “Flora of North America,” online at http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1. James P. Engel, “Shrubs in the Understory,” February 2012, online at http://www.whiteoaknursery.biz/essays/ShrubsinUnderstory.shtml. Oscar W. Gupton and Fred C. Swope, Trees and Shrubs of Virginia, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1981. Sanglin Lee and Alan Raflo, “Trees and Water,” Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Water Central Newsletter, pages 13-18, online at https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/49367. Penn State Extension, “Trees, Shrubs, and Groundcovers Tolerant of Wet Sites,” prepared by N. Robert Nuss, and reviewed and revised by Scott Guiser and Jim Smellmer, October 2007, online at https://extension.psu.edu/trees-shrubs-and-groundcovers-tolerant-of-wet-sites. Plant Virginia Natives, “Virginia Native Shrubs—Backbone of Our Landscape,” undated, online at https://www.plantvirginianatives.org/virginia-native-shrubs. 622 - Texas A&M University AgriLife Extension, “How Trees Grow,” online at https://agrilife.org/treecarekit/introduction-to-tree-care/how-trees-grow/. U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Forest Service, Forests of Virginia, 2018, Resource Update FS-264, Asheville, N.C., 2020; available online at https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/59963. U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Forest Service, “State and Private Forestry Fact Sheet—Virginia 2022,” online (as a PDF) at https://apps.fs.usda.gov/nicportal/temppdf/sfs/naweb/VA_std.pdf. U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Forest Service/Climate Change Resource Center, “Forest Tree Diseases and Climate Change,” online at https://www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/topics/forest-disease. U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Forest Service/Northern Research Station (Newtown Square, Penn.), “Forest Disturbance Processes/Invasive Species,” online at https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/disturbance/invasive_species/.” U.S. Department of Agriculture/Natural Resources Conservation Service, “PLANTS Database,” online at https://plants.usda.gov. Virginia Botanical Associates, “Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora,” online at http://www.vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=start&search=Search. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation/Natural Heritage Program, “The Natural Communities of Virginia: Ecological Groups and Community Types,” online (as a PDF) at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/document/comlist07-21.pdf. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation/Natural Heritage Division, online at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/. Virginia Department of Forestry, “Virginia's Forests,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/.  Some of the useful pages at that site are the following:“Benefits of Trees,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/education-and-recreation/learn-about-education-recreation/benefits-of-tree/;“Common Native Trees of Virginia,” 2020 edition, online (as a PDF) at https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/Common-Native-Trees-ID_pub.pdf;Tree and Forest Health Guide, 2020, online (as a PDF) at https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/Tree-and-Forest-Health-Guide.pdf;“Trees for Clean Water Program,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/urban-community-forestry/urban-forestry-community-assistance/virginia-trees-for-clean-water-grant-program/;“Virginia Statewide Assessment of Forest Resources,” November 2020, online (as a PDF) at https://www.stateforesters.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2020-VA-Statewide-Assessment.pdf(see page 19 for statistics on forested land; p. 21 for economic benefits; and p. 23 for water quality benefits);“Tree Identification,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/education-and-recreation/learn-about-education-recreation/tree-identification/. Virginia Forest Landowner Education Program, Virginia Cooperative Extension and Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment, online at https://forestupdate.frec.vt.edu/. Virginia Forest Products Association, online at https://www.vfpa.net/. Virginia Native Plant Society, online at http://vnps.org/. Herbert S. Zim and Alexander C. Martin, as revised by Jonathan P. Latimer et al., Trees—A Guide to Familiar American Trees, St. Martin's Press, New York, N.Y., 2001. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (4:40).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments Images Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 9-23-22. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of September 26 and October 3, 2022.  This episode is part of a series this year of episodes related to trees and shrubs. SOUND – ~6 sec That call of Mountain Chorus Frogs opens an episode where we learn about the video podcast series, “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest.”  Started in April 2020, the video series is produced by the Virginia Forest Landowner Education Program, conducted by Virginia Cooperative Extension.  As of September 9, 2022, the series included 82 episodes, covering topics such as tree identification, forest soils, invasive plants, forest management, tree syrups, and weird trees.  Several episodes are on specific water-related topics, like the Mountain Chorus Frogs you heard earlier.  Have a listen for about 90 seconds to excerpts from five of those episodes.  SOUNDS and VOICES  - 1 min./29 sec “Hi everyone.  Welcome to ‘Fifteen Minutes in the Forest.'  I'm Jennifer Gagnon with the Forest Landowner Education Program at Virginia Tech.  And today I'm joining you from Claytor Lake State Park in southwest Virginia.”  From “Vernal Pools,” Episode 74, April 2022. “This is a vernal pool in Claytor Lake State Park.  ...This pool at its largest is probably an acre in size.  This pool is big enough that it has Painted Sliders, we saw a Snapping Turtle in here, we have a Green Heron out here.  ...There's all kinds of animals. ...It's a beautiful pool.”  From “Vernal Pools,” Episode 74, April 2022.  “Our topic today is going to be about water quality.  And this ties in nicely with forestry.”  From “Best Management Practices for Water Quality,” Episode 19, September 2020. Today we're going to take a look at some of the best management practices that loggers and forestry operations can take in order to protect water quality.”  From “Best Management Practices for Water Quality,” Episode 19, September 2020. “One of the reasons we're studying Mountain Chorus Frogs is we're really trying to get a good idea of their distribution in Virginia.”  From “Mountain Chorus Frogs,” Episode 75, April 2022. “Hey everyone.  My name is Wally Smith, and I'm an associate professor of biology at UVA-Wise.  And we are here on the banks of the Clinch River in St. Paul, Virginia, today to talk about the Eastern Hellbender, which is one of our most unique amphibians here in Virginia and the central Appalachians.”  From “Eastern Hellbenders,” Episode 68, January 2022. “Well thank for spending fifteen minutes in the creek with us, and thanks to Sally for for spending time with us outside to share her knowledge about water quality.  And I hope you join us for another edition of ‘Fifteen Minutes in the Forest.'  Have a great weekend.”  From “How Clean is Your Creek,” Episode 26, November 2020. When COVID shut-downs began in 2020, the Virginia Forest Landowner Education team started the series as a way to stay engaged with clients.  To the team's surprise, the series became very popular.  Among the users are public school teachers, foresters, landowners, and other lovers of the outdoors. Along with the “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” series, the Virginia Forest Landowner Education Program offers other short courses, conferences and workshops, Fall Forestry and Wildlife Field Tours, and retreats for beginning woodland owners.  For more information about these learning opportunities, search online for the Virginia Forest Landowner Education Program, or phone Jennifer Gagnon at (540) 231-6391. Thanks to Ms. Gagnon for permission to use excerpts of “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” episodes.  And for a closing forest-and-water word, we end with a comment from Andrew Vinson, of the Virginia Department of Forestry, from the episode on best management practices for water quality. VOICE - ~4 sec - “Remember, healthy forests produce clean water.” SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Ben Cosgrove for his version of “Shenandoah” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Virginia Water Radio thanks Jennifer Gagnon, Virginia Tech Department of Forest Resources and Conservation and the Virginia Cooperative Extension's Forest Landowner Education Program, for her help with this episode and for permission to excerpts of “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” episodes.  The full series is available online at https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOhBz_SGRw8UZo9aAfShRbb-ZaVyk-uzT.  Excerpts heard in this episode of Virginia Water Radio were taken from the following “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” episodes:“Best Management Practices for Water Quality,” Episode 19, September 2020;“Eastern Hellbenders,” Episode 68, January 2022;“How Clean is Your Creek,” Episode 26, November 2020;“Mountain Chorus Frogs,” Episode 75, April 2022;“Vernal Pools,” Episode 74, April 2022. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (2 min./22 sec.) of the “Shenandoah” arrangement/performance by Ben Cosgrove that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Cosgrove is available online at http://www.bencosgrove.com.IMAGES Screenshot from the opening of the video for “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” Episode 19, “Best Management Practices for Water Quality.”Screenshot from the opening of the video for “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” Episode 59, “The S Curve of Forest Carbon.”Screenshot from the opening of the video for “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” Episode 68, “Eastern Hellbenders.” SOURCES Used for Audio Virginia Forest Landowner Education Program, online at https://forestupdate.frec.vt.edu/.  The “Fifteen Minutes in the Forest” program and other short course programs are available online at https://forestupdate.frec.vt.edu/landownerprograms/shortcourses/online.html. For More Information about Trees and Shrubs in Virginia and Elsewhere Center for Watershed Protection, “Trees and Stormwater Runoff,” online at https://www.cwp.org/reducing-stormwater-runoff/. Chesapeake Bay Program, “Field Guide: Plants and Trees,” online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/critters?s=&fieldGuideType=Plants+%26+Trees&fieldGuideHabitat=. eFloras.org, “Flora of North America,” online at http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1. James P. Engel, “Shrubs in the Understory,” February 2012, online at http://www.whiteoaknursery.biz/essays/ShrubsinUnderstory.shtml. Oscar W. Gupton and Fred C. Swope, Trees and Shrubs of Virginia, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, 1981. Sanglin Lee and Alan Raflo, “Trees and Water,” Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Water Central Newsletter, pages 13-18, online at https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/49367.   (A Virginia Cooperative Extension version of this article—“Trees and Water,” by Sanglin Lee, Alan Raflo, and Jennifer Gagnon, 2018—with some slight differences in the text is available online at https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/content/pubs_ext_vt_edu/en/ANR/ANR-18/ANR-18NP.html.) Penn State Extension, “Trees, Shrubs, and Groundcovers Tolerant of Wet Sites,” prepared by N. Robert Nuss, and reviewed and revised by Scott Guiser and Jim Smellmer, October 2007, online at https://extension.psu.edu/trees-shrubs-and-groundcovers-tolerant-of-wet-sites. Texas A&M University AgriLife Extension, “How Trees Grow,” online at https://agrilife.org/treecarekit/introduction-to-tree-care/how-trees-grow/. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Forests of Virginia, 2018, Resource Update FS-264, Asheville, N.C., 2020; available online at https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/59963. U.S. Department of Agriculture/U.S. Forest Service, “State and Private Forestry Fact Sheet—Virginia 2022,” online (as a PDF) at https://apps.fs.usda.gov/nicportal/temppdf/sfs/naweb/VA_std.pdf. U.S. Department of Agriculture/Forest Service/Climate Change Resource Center, “Forest Tree Diseases and Climate Change,” online at https://www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/topics/forest-disease. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Natural Resources Conservation Service, “PLANTS Database,” online at https://plants.usda.gov. Virginia Botanical Associates, “Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora,” online at http://www.vaplantatlas.org/index.php?do=start&search=Search. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation/Natural Heritage Program, “The Natural Communities of Virginia: Ecological Groups and Community Types,” online (as a PDF) at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/natural-communities/document/comlist07-21.pdf. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation/Natural Heritage Division, online at https://www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural-heritage/. Virginia Department of Forestry, “Virginia's Forests,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/.  Some of the useful pages at that site are the following:“Benefits of Trees,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/education-and-recreation/learn-about-education-recreation/benefits-of-tree/;“Common Native Trees of Virginia,” 2020 edition, online (as a PDF) at https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/Common-Native-Trees-ID_pub.pdf;“Forest Management and Health/Insects and Diseases,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/forest-management-health/forest-health/insects-and-diseases/;Tree and Forest Health Guide, 2020, online (as a PDF) at https://dof.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/Tree-and-Forest-Health-Guide.pdf;“Virginia Trees for Clean Water Program,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/urban-community-forestry/urban-forestry-community-assistance/virginia-trees-for-clean-water-grant-program/;“Virginia Statewide Assessment of Forest Resources,” November 2020, online (as a PDF) at https://www.stateforesters.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2020-VA-Statewide-Assessment.pdf;“Tree Identification,” online at https://dof.virginia.gov/education-and-recreation/learn-about-education-recreation/tree-identification/. Virginia Forest Products Association, online at https://www.vfpa.net/. Virginia Native Plant Society, online at http://vnps.org/. RELATED VIRGINIA WATER RADIO EPISODES All Water Radio episodes are listed by category at the Index link above (http://www.virginiawaterradio.org/p/index.html).  See particularly the “Plants” subject category. Following are links to other episodes on trees and shrubs. Introduction to trees and water – Episode 621, 3-21-22.American Sycamore – Episode 624, 4-11-22.American Witch Hazel – Episode 238, 10-31-14.Ash trees – Episode 376, 7-10-17 and Episode 625, 4-18-22.Early spring wildflowers in woodlands – Episode 573, 4-19-21.Forest lands and work in Virginia – Episode 623, 4-4-22.Maple trees – Episode 503, 12-16-19.Photosynthesis – Episode 602, 11-8-21.Poison Ivy and related plants, including the shrub Poison Sumac –

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (3:27).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 9-9-22. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of September 12 and September 19, 2022. SOUNDS – ~2 sec – short examples of calls by Greater Yellowlegs (first) and Lesser Yellowlegs (second). In this episode, we feature two shorebirds whose long, colorful legs are a distinctive mark.  Have a listen for about 20 seconds and see if you can guess the name shared by these two species that's based on that characteristic.  And here's a hint: the name rhymes with what a person eats when they get two scrambled for breakfast. SOUNDS  - ~21 sec If you guessed yellowlegs, you're right!  You heard, first, the Greater Yellowlegs, and second, the Lesser Yellowlegs.  Both are known as “marsh sandpipers” or simply “marshpipers” because they're in the family of shorebirds called sandpipers and they prefer marshes or other wetland habitats.  Greater Yellowlegs are also sometimes called “tattlers” because of their noisy alarm calls.  The two species are the only tall sandpipers in North America with legs colored bright yellow or sometimes orange.  They're distinguished from one another by the somewhat larger size of the Greater Yellowlegs, by that species' bigger and slightly upturned bill, and by differences between their calls.  Both species breed in the tundra or forests of Canada and Alaska, and both then migrate to spend winter in the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, or South America.  The Lesser Yellowlegs is typically found in Virginia only during migration, but the Greater Yellowlegs can be found wintering along Virginia's coast.  These birds hunt in shallow water and on mud flats for their prey of fish, frogs, and a variety of invertebrate animals, such as insects, worms, snails, and shrimp. If you're visiting coastal Virginia between fall and spring and you're watching the birds, here's hoping you encounter some yellow-legged ones wading in shallow waters to find their food. Thanks to Lang Elliott for permission to use the yellowlegs' sounds, from the Stokes' Field Guide to Bird Songs, and we let the Greater Yellowlegs have the last call. SOUNDS – ~5 sec SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of “Cripple Creek” to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The sounds of the Greater Yellowlegs and Lesser Yellowlegs were from the Stokes Field Guide to Bird Songs-Eastern Region CD set, by Lang Elliott with Donald and Lillian Stokes (Time Warner Audio Books, copyright 1997), used with permission of Lang Elliott.  Lang Elliot's work is available online at the “Music of Nature” Web site, http://www.musicofnature.org/. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES Greater Yellowlegs, photographed at Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge in Virginia, August 11, 2022.  Photo by iNaturalist user kenttrulsson, made available online at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132685927(as of 9-12-22) for use under Creative Commons license “Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.”  Information about this Creative Commons license is available online at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.Lesser Yellowlegs, at Virginia Beach, Va., May 3, 2022.  Photo by iNaturalist user hikerguy150, made available online at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/116695303(as of 9-12-22) for use under Creative Commons license “Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0.”  Information about this Creative Commons license is available online at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT GREATER YELLOWLEGS AND LESSER YELLOWLEGS The following information is excerpted from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, “Yellowlegs,” text by Richard Carstensen (undated), updated by David Tessler in 2007, online (as a PDF) at https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/education/wns/yellowlegs.pdf. “Mixed assemblages of small shorebirds combing our coastal wetlands in spring are likely to be accompanied by several yellowlegs, immediately recognizable by their greater size. As the “peeps” scurry over the mud and along the waters edge, the yellowlegs, with a more careful, heron-likeelegance, wade out into ponds and sloughs in search of different prey.“General description: Yellowlegs can be distinguished from other shorebirds by the long, straight oralmost imperceptibly upturned bill and the very long, bright yellow legs.  The neck is longer and moreslender than that of most shorebirds. ...Distinguishing betweenthe two...species of yellowlegs is more difficult.  Plumage of the two birds is nearly identical.  None of the following distinctions are completely reliable by themselves, and if possible they should be used in conjunction with each other.  When seen together, as often occurs in migration, the greater yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) stands9-10 inches high (0.25 m), taller than the lesser yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes).  The greater yellowlegs has a somewhat thicker bill than the lesser, and it may turn upward very slightly, while that of the lesser yellowlegs is slighter and quite straight.  The calls of the two species are distinctive.  The greater yellowlegs has a louder and clearer call, often uttered in a three- or four-note sequence, ‘kyew kyew kyew,' with a falling inflection to each syllable.  The lesser yellowlegs tends to call once or twice.  Both species of yellowlegs have a ‘yodeling' song in addition to the better known sharp alarm calls.  This song is given either from the ground or during display flights and has been variously interpreted as ‘toowhee, toowhee,' ‘tweda, tweda,' or ‘whee-oodle, whee-oodle.'  It is heard both on the breeding grounds and in migration. ... “Life history: ...Fall migration begins in late July and lasts through September.  Primary routes are midcontinental (mostly west of the Mississippi River) in spring and both midcontinental and along the Atlantic coast in fall.  Wintering yellowlegs are scattered along the coasts from South America through California and Oregon.  In South America, birds concentrate where shallow lagoons and brackish herbaceous marshes lie adjacent to the outer coast.  Flooded agricultural fields, especially rice fields, have also become important.  In mild years greater yellowlegs winter as far north as southern Vancouver Island. “Behavior and feeding: The exaggerated legs of the Tringa genus are best explained by the custom of feeding in the water, often wading out beyond the belly depths of less elevated relatives.  Among shorebirds, long bills usually accompany long legs for the same reason.  The greater yellowlegs is an accomplished fisher, at times preying almost exclusively on small estuarine fishes such as sticklebacks and sculpins.  Sometimes groups of feeding yellowlegs will form lines, wading abreast to corner fish in the shallows.  Both yellowlegs, particularly the lesser, also eat invertebrates.  Adults and larvae of aquatic insects such as water boatmen, diving beetles, dragonfly nymphs, and flies are important in the diet, as are sand fleas and intertidal amphipods.  Terrestrial invertebrates such as ants,grasshoppers, snails, spiders and worms are also taken.  In spite of the length of the yellowlegs bill, it is rarely used for probing in sand or mud.  The greater yellowlegs will swing its bill from side to side in the water; the lesser yellowlegs does not. “Both yellowlegs breed in the boreal forest and the transitions between forest and tundra in wet bogs and open muskegs. During migration, both species frequent brackish tidal sloughs and mudflats, as well as the edges of freshwater lakes and ponds.  Lesser yellowlegs occasionally swim, an unusual practice amongshorebirds.  The lesser yellowlegs seems somewhat more gregarious than the greater, although both are seen in loose flocks.” SOURCES Used for Audio Alaska Department of Fish and Game, “Yellowlegs,” text by Richard Carstensen (undated), updated by David Tessler in 2007, online (as a PDF) at https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/education/wns/yellowlegs.pdf. Chandler S. Robbins et al., A Guide to Field Identification of Birds of North America, St. Martin's Press, New York, 2001. Chesapeake Bay Program, “Birds,” online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/all/birds/all.  The Greater Yellowlegs entry is online at https://www.chesapeakebay.net/discover/field-guide/entry/greater_yellowlegs; there was no entry for Lesser Yellowlegs (as of 9-9-22). Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “All About Birds,” online at http://www.allaboutbirds.org.  The Greater Yellowlegs entry is online at https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Greater_Yellowlegs/; the Lesser Yellowlegs entry is online at https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Lesser_Yellowlegs/. Hugh Jennings, “Bird of the Month: Greater/Lesser Yellowlegs,” Eastside Audubon, August 23, 2018, online at https://www.eastsideaudubon.org/corvid-crier/2019/8/26/greaterlesser-yellowlegs. Alice Jane Lippson and Robert L. Lippson, Life in the Chesapeake Bay, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md., 2006. Stan Tekiela, Birds of Virginia Field Guide, Adventure Publications, Inc., Cambridge, Minn., 2002. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries):Fish and Wildlife Information Service, online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/.  The Greater Yellowlegs entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=040130&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=19244; the Lesser Yellowlegs entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=040131&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=19244. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries), “List of Native and Naturalized Fauna in Virginia, August 2020,” online (as a PDF) at https://dwr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/virginia-native-naturalized-species.pdf. For More Information about Birds in Virginia or Elsewhere University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, “Animal Diversity Web,” online at https://animaldiversity.org. Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “Birds of the World,” online at https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home (subscription required). Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “Merlin,” online at http://merlin.allaboutbirds.org/.  This site and its accompanying mobile app allow identification of birds by photo or sound.Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, “eBird,” online at https://ebird.org/home.  Here

CLICK HERE to listen to episode audio (5:33).Sections below are the following: Transcript of Audio Audio Notes and Acknowledgments ImagesExtra Information Sources Related Water Radio Episodes For Virginia Teachers (Relevant SOLs, etc.). Unless otherwise noted, all Web addresses mentioned were functional as of 8-12-22. TRANSCRIPT OF AUDIO From the Cumberland Gap to the Atlantic Ocean, this is Virginia Water Radio for the weeks of August 15 and August 22, 2022. MUSIC – ~19 sec – instrumental. That's part of ‘To the Wild,” by the Virginia band The Steel Wheels.  It opens an episode about a chance hearing of two very different kinds of wild animals, and how they might be similar or different, including in relation to water.  Have a listen to their calls for about 20 seconds and see if you know these two types of animals.  And here's a hint: one's in a scientific family with, and the other rhymes with, dogs. SOUNDS  - ~21 sec. If you guessed coyotes and frogs, you're right!  You heard barks and other sounds from coyotes, along with calls of Gray Treefrogs.  This lucky recording on the night of July 5, 2022, in Blacksburg, got your Virginia Water Radio host exploring potential connections and contrasts between this terrestrial mammal in the dog family, and this partially aquatic amphibian.  Here are seven areas of note. 1.  Like other living things, both coyotes and frogs are largely made of water and require it for biological functions.  Unlike coyotes, frogs can absorb water through their naked skin, that is, skin without scales, feathers, or fur. 2.  As amphibians, Gray Treefrogs breed in water, which of course coyotes don't. 3.  Like other mammals, coyotes keep a constant body temperature, and they evaporate water through panting to cool themselves.  Frogs' body temperature fluctuates with the environment; having naked skin that's permeable to water, frogs are at risk of drying out if their habitat isn't moist. 4.  Coyotes and adult frogs both have lungs for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, but, in frogs, gas exchange also occurs across their skin. 5.  Both are notable for their sounds.  Coyotes use barks, howls, and other sounds to communicate to family members and to potential competitors, and frog males use calls to attract females, signal their presence to other males, and perhaps to startle away predators. 6.  These animals appear together in at least three Native American legends, including one from the Kalapuya people of Oregon, called “The Coyote and the Frog People.”  In this story, the coyote sneakily digs through a dam the frogs use to hold all of the world's water for themselves; this then creates all the rivers, lakes, and waterfalls and ends the frogs' water hoarding. And 7.  Both coyotes and Gray Treefrogs show remarkable adaptability to human environments.  Coyotes are noted for occupying habitats near humans, such as city and suburban parks.  Gray Treefrogs, meanwhile, can also be found in human spaces, such as in swimming pools or on house walls or decks.  One wildlife biologist consulted for this episode said that in his Virginia county coyotes seem to “saunter by houses like they own the place”; in the frog world, noted another biologist, Gray Treefrogs have a somewhat similar reputation. Thanks to several Virginia Tech faculty members for providing information for this episode.  Thanks also to The Steel Wheels for permission to use their music, and we close with about 30 more seconds of “To the Wild.” MUSIC - ~30 sec – Lyrics: “I'm gonna run to the wild.” SHIP'S BELL Virginia Water Radio is produced by the Virginia Water Resources Research Center, part of Virginia Tech's College of Natural Resources and Environment.  For more Virginia water sounds, music, or information, visit us online at virginiawaterradio.org, or call the Water Center at (540) 231-5624.  Thanks to Stewart Scales for his banjo version of Cripple Creek to open and close this episode.  In Blacksburg, I'm Alan Raflo, thanking you for listening, and wishing you health, wisdom, and good water. AUDIO NOTES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Virginia Water Radio thanks Mark Ford, Kevin Hamed, and James Parkhurst, all in the Virginia Tech Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, for contributing information to this episode. The Coyote and Gray Treefrog sounds heard in this episode were recorded by Virginia Water Radio in Blacksburg, Va., on July 5, 2022, at approximately 10:15 p.m. “To the Wild,” by The Steel Wheels, is from the 2017 album “Wild As We Came Here,” used with permission.  More information about The Steel Wheels is available online at https://www.thesteelwheels.com/.  This music was used previously by Virginia Water Radio most recently in Episode 490, 9-16-19. Click here if you'd like to hear the full version (1 min./11 sec.) of the “Cripple Creek” arrangement/performance by Stewart Scales that opens and closes this episode.  More information about Mr. Scales and the group New Standard, with which Mr. Scales plays, is available online at http://newstandardbluegrass.com. IMAGES (If not otherwise noted, photographs are by Virginia Water Radio.) Coyote, photographed in Virginia Beach, Va., February 27, 2016.  Photo by Shawn Dash, made available on iNaturalist at https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13877118(as of August 15, 2022) for use under Creative Commons license “Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internbational.”  Information about this Creative Commons license is available online at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.Gray Treefrog on the deck of a residence in Blacksburg, Va., September 23, 2009.EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT ANIMALS IN THIS EPISODE The following information is excerpted from “Coyote” and “Gray Treefrog” entries of the Virginia Department of Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources' (formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries) “Fish and Wildlife Information Service,” online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/.  The Coyote entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?Menu=_.Taxonomy&bova=050125&version=19215; the Gray Treefrog entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?Menu=_.Taxonomy&bova=020007&version=19215. Coyote (Scientific name: Canis latrans) Occurrence“Coyotes are thought to have started being seen in the 1950's and the 1960's here in Virginia, particularly in the western part of the state, and they now have an established population throughout the state.  Current occurrence throughout the state is attributed to the steady eastward migration of this species, which is due to the elimination of other large carnivores, such as red wolves, from their former ranges and to coyotes being highly opportunistic feeders and thus are highly adaptable to many habitats.” Physical Description“The males are generally larger than the females...with a body length of 1.0-1.35 meters, and a tail length of 400 millimeters.  The coat color and texture shows geographic variation, but usually the coat color is a grey mixed with a reddish tint.  ...This species is generally smaller than the grey wolf.  ...The track (70mm by 60mm) is more elongated than the domestic dog but shorter than either the gray or red wolf.” Reproduction“Yearling males and females are capable of breeding.  The percentage of yearlings breeding is controlled by food supply.  Gestation lasts 63 days.  The mean litter size is 5.3 and is affected by population density and food supply.” Behavior“The home range size of the males is 20-42 kilometers (km), and for females 8-10 km.   The female home ranges do not overlap whereas male home ranges do.  The average daily travel is reported as 4.0 km, with dispersal movements of 160 km not uncommon.  Favorable den sites include brush-covered slopes, steep banks, thickets, hollow logs, and rock ledges.  The dens of other animals may be used.  ...Dens may be shared and used for more than one year. ...Coyotes use visual, auditory, olfactory and tactile signals for communications.  They eat mostly rodents and rabbits but also take berries fruits and carrion.  They are primarily nocturnal and their howls can be heard for miles.” Gray Treefrog (Scientific name: Hyla versicolor) Occurrence“In Virginia, this species is distributed in the mountains north of the New River drainage, in the Blue Ridge, and in the Piedmont.” Physical Description“This species is identical in appearance to Hyla chrysoscelis [Cope's Gray Treefrog] but they do not interbreed.  These two species can be distinguished by chromosome number and by male mating call. ...Both species are well camouflaged.  They are usually gray but coloration ranges from gray to whitish to brown to green dependent upon environment and activities.  There is a whitish mark beneath the eyes and a bright orange or yellow on the concealed surfaces of the hind legs.  The dorsal skin is warty.  This species ranges in length from 32 to 62 milllimeters (1.25-2.5 inches).” Reproduction“Males call between March and August.  ...Breeding generally occurs from March to June.  The female lays clumps of 10 to 40 eggs per group on the surface of shallow ditches, puddles, and ponds  ...Eggs typically hatch in 4 to 5 days, and metamorphosis occurs in 45 to 64 days.” Behavior“This species is not often seen on the ground or near the water's edge except during the breeding season.  It tends to forage while in small trees or shrubs near to or standing in water.  This species is an opportunistic feeder focusing primarily on larval Lepidoptera [butterflies and moths], Coleoptera [beetles], and other arthropods.” Limiting Factors“This species is fairly arboreal, foraging from trees and shrubs in the vicinity of water. ...In general, this species requires shallow ponds with fallen branches or herbaceous growth on the water's edge.” Aquatic/Terrestrial Associations“This species is typically associated with the following forest types: black willow, sweet gum-willow oak, white oak-red oak-black oak and mixed pine-hardwood.  They are frequently found in recently disturbed areas with shrub and herbaceous cover.” SOURCES Used for Audio Atlanta Coyote Project, “Coyote Activity Patterns, Ranges, and Vocalizations,” online at https://atlantacoyoteproject.org/coyote-activity-patterns-ranges-vocalizations/. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, “Animal Fact Sheet: Coyote,” online at https://www.desertmuseum.org/kids/oz/long-fact-sheets/coyote.php. Burke Museum [Seattle, Wash.], “All About Amphibians,” online at https://www.burkemuseum.org/collections-and-research/biology/herpetology/all-about-amphibians/all-about-amphibians. Epic Ethics, “Coyote Returns Water from the Frog People—A Native Kalapuya Tale,” online at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=six1kVQS_tw. First People of North America and Canada, “Native American Legends,” online at https://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/. Kevin Hamed, Virginia Tech Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, personal communication, August 11, 2022. Richard W. Hill, Comparative Physiology of Animals: An Environmental Approach, Harper & Row, New York. 1976. Internet Sacred Text Archive, “The Coyote and the Frog,” identified as a Hopi contained in The Traditions of the Hopi, by H.R. Voth (1905), online at https://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/hopi/toth/toth065.htm. John D. Kleopfer and Chris S. Hobson, A Guide to the Frogs and Toads of Virginia, Bureau of Wildlife Resources Special Publication Number 3, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries [now Department of Wildlife Resources], Richmond, Va., 2011. Lane Community College [Eugene, Ore.], “Kalapuya: Native Americans of the Willamette Valley, Oregon,” online at https://libraryguides.lanecc.edu/kalapuya. Miami [Fla.] Children's Museum, YouTube video (4 min./39 sec.) of “The Coyote and the Frog People,” celebrating Native American Heritage Month, November 3, 2020, online at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9q4km_HDGeI. Brian R. Mitchell et al., “Information Content of Coyote Barks and Howls,” Bioacoustics: The International Journal of Animal Sound and its Recording, Vol. 15, pages 289–314 (2006); online (as a PDF) at https://www.uvm.edu/~bmitchel/Publications/Mitchell_Information_content.pdf. National Geographic, “Coyote,” undated, online at https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/facts/coyote. National Parks and Recreation Association, “Coyotes Have Moved into Parks Across the United States—Now What,” by Richard J. Dolesh, Parks & Recreation, April 6, 2018, online at https://www.nrpa.org/parks-recreation-magazine/2018/april/coyotes-have-moved-into-parks-across-the-united-states-now-what/. New Hampshire PBS, “NatureWorks/Gray Treefrog,” online at https://nhpbs.org/natureworks/graytreefrog.htm. Oregon Encyclopedia [Oregon Historical Society], “Kalapuyan Peoples,” by Henry Zenk, undated, online at https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/kalapuyan_peoples/#.YvPg_RzMJPY. James Parkhurst, Virginia Tech Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, personal communication, August 11, 2022. Roger Powell et al., Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, Mass., 2016. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources [formerly Department of Game and Inland Fisheries],“Fish and Wildlife Information Service,” online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/; the Coyote entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=050125&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=19215; the Gray Treefrog entry is online at https://services.dwr.virginia.gov/fwis/booklet.html?&bova=020007&Menu=_.Taxonomy&version=19215. Ya-Native, “Coyote Takes Water From the Frog People—A Plains Legend,” online at