Podcasts about Tirpitz

En 1942, un comando británico lanzó una de las incursiones más audaces de la historia militar: un ataque anfibio directo contra un puerto enemigo muy bien defendido de la Francia ocupada, en la ciudad bretona de Saint Nazaire . Para alcanzar el éxito tuvieron que navegar en medio de una lluvia de balas y proyectiles, en lo que para algunos fue la madre de todos los asaltos. El objetivo: Destruir el dique seco del puerto para evitar que el acorazado alemán Tirpitz sea reparado allí.

Send us a message or question! In the final episode of this series,  hosts James Jefferies and Jane Gulliford Lowes are joined by the head of the Norwegian War Graves Service, Haakon Vinje, to explore the often-overlooked contributions of Norwegian airmen in RAF Bomber Command during World War II. They discuss the Norwegian War Graves Service, the invasion of Norway, and share poignant personal stories of bravery and sacrifice, including the legacy of Nordal Grieg. The team also talk about some of the RAF Bomber crews who now lie at rest in Norway, and Jane shares her reflections from her visits to the war cemeteries in Narvik and Trondheim. The episode concludes with reflections on the importance of remembering these heroes and their stories.Jane and James will be back in the  early summer with series 3. TakeawaysRAF Bomber Command included a multinational force, including Norwegians.The Norwegian War Graves Service maintains war graves in Norway.Norwegian airmen faced great risks to join the RAF during WWII.Herman Becker's story highlights the personal sacrifices of airmen.Nordal Grieg is a legendary figure in Norway's history.The invasion of Norway had significant strategic implications during WWII.Norwegian airmen were involved in key operations like D-Day.War graves serve as a reminder of the sacrifices made by airmen.The podcast aims to shed light on lesser-known stories of Bomber Command.The hosts express gratitude for their listeners' support. Chapters00:00 Introduction to RAF Bomber Command01:31 The Role of Norwegians in RAF Bomber Command04:09 Understanding the Norwegian War Graves Service05:53 The Invasion of Norway and Its Aftermath08:05 Norwegian Air Force and Its Contributions10:04 Personal Stories of Norwegian Airmen14:31 The Story of Lancaster ND815 and D-Day18:15 The Life and Legacy of Nordal Grieg23:05 War Graves of RAF Bomber Command Crewmen26:58 Conclusion and Reflections30:09 Show intro.wavSupport the showPlease subscribe to Never Mind The Dambusters wherever you get your podcasts. You can support the show, and help us produce great content, by becoming a paid subscriber from just $3 a month here https://www.buzzsprout.com/2327200/support . Supporters get early access to episodes and invitations to livestreams. Thank you for listening! You can reach out to us on social media at @RAF_BomberPod (X) or @NeverMindTheDambusters (Instagram)You can find out about James' research, articles, lectures and podcasts here .You can read more about Jane's work on her website at https://www.justcuriousjane.com/, and listen to podcasts/media stuff here

To af 2. verdenskrigs mest vellykkede specialoperationer var det tyske angreb på fortet Eben-Emael i 1940 og den britiske Operation Chariot i 1942 ved St. Nazaire. I maj 1940 foretog tyske elitefaldskærmstropper et angreb på fortet Eben-Emael i Belgien. Ved brug af svævefly og overlegen ildstøtte fra luften lykkedes det tyskerne at overrumple det stærkt befæstede fort, som ellers blev anset for uindtageligt. Operationen var banebrydende og demonstrerede en ny form for krigsførelse, der kombinerede hastighed, overraskelse og innovation. Historien er den ene af to i bogen "Den som vover" skrevet af historiker Martin A. Husted, som også dykker ned i en anden af krigens dristige specialoperationer, nemlig briternes Operation Chariot i marts 1942. Dette var et vovet angreb på den tyskbesatte havn i St. Nazaire i Frankrig. Ved at ofre et ældre destroyerskib, HMS Campbeltown, fyldt med sprængstof, lykkedes det britiske styrker at ødelægge havnens vigtigste tørdok. Dette forhindrede de tyske slagskibe, især Tirpitz, i at få adgang til afgørende reparationsfaciliteter i Atlanterhavet. Martin A. Husted medvirker i udsendelsen, hvor vi drøfter de taktiske overvejelser, planlægningen, de involverede styrker og de strategiske konsekvenser af operationerne.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

December 2024 On the 12th of November 1944 Germany's largest battleship – Tirpitz – was sunk by British RAF Lancaster bombers off Tromso in Norway. Ever since its deployment to the region back in January 1942, the battleship had posed a threat to Arctic convoy operations. A large part of the Royal Navy's Home Fleet as well as US vessels were tied up protecting convoys from this ship that Winston Churchill christened ‘The Beast'. Despite Tirpitz having never fired its guns in anger at Allied warships, its presence was threat enough. Intelligence experts continued the difficult work of tracking its location and state of readiness. The analysts of Bletchley Park's Naval Section followed the ship for nearly three years, and played a key part in her final destruction. In this ‘It Happened Here' episode, we are joined by Dr David Kenyon, Bletchley Park's Research Historian and author of ‘Arctic Convoys: Bletchley Park and the War for the Seas'. Many thanks to Dr Ben Thomson for voicing our archival documents. Image: Australian War Memorial (Public Domain) Accession Number SUK11808 #BPark, #Bletchleypark, #WW2, #Enigma, #Tirpitz,

November 2024 On 12 November 1944 Germany's largest battleship – Tirpitz – was sunk by British RAF Lancaster bombers off Tromso in Norway. Ever since its deployment to the region back in January 1942, the battleship had posed a threat to Arctic convoy operations. A large part of the Royal Navy's Home Fleet as well as US vessels were tied up protecting convoys from this ship that Winston Churchill christened ‘The Beast'. Despite Tirpitz having never fired its guns in anger at Allied warships, its presence was threat enough. Intelligence experts continued the difficult work of tracking its location and state of readiness. The analysts of Bletchley Park's Naval Section followed the ship for nearly three years, and played a key part in her final destruction. In this ‘It Happened Here' episode, we are joined by Dr David Kenyon, Bletchley Park's Research Historian and author of ‘Arctic Convoys: Bletchley Park and the War for the Seas'. Many thanks to Dr Ben Thomson for voicing our archival documents. Image: Naval History and Heritage Command Catalog #: NH 71318 #BPark, #Bletchleypark, #WW2, #Enigma, #Tirpitz,

In the second episode of the story of the British quest to sink the formidable German battleship Tirpitz, Patrick picks up the story following Operation Source - the X Craft raid, and tells the tale of the RAF operations that ultimately led to the successful sinking of Nazi Germany's most prominent warship. If you have any thoughts or questions, you can send them to - podbattleground@gmail.com Producer: James Hodgson X (Twitter): @PodBattleground Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Josef Friedl aus dem Tiroler Lechtal über Herausforderungen einst und jetzt | Toni Schlosser über ihre Alpenüberquerung mit Pferd | Unterwegs zum Wrack des Weltkriegs-Schlachtschiffs Tirpitz.

In the first of two episodes, Patrick and Saul discuss the Royal Navy's quest to sink the formidable German battleship Tirpitz, the heaviest battleship ever built by a European Navy. Drawing on his knowledge from his book - Target Tirpitz, Patrick describes the way Tirpitz's presence alone terrified the British Admiralty and impacted decision making at the very top. If you have any thoughts or questions, you can send them to - podbattleground@gmail.com Producer: James Hodgson X (Twitter): @PodBattleground Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Korleis skal vi forstå bygdeborgene? Det etablerte synet er at dei er forsvarsanlegg. I episode 60 argumenterte Jan-Henrik Fallgren for at dei er kultanlegg, med utgangspunkt i Öland. Kor godt høver dette på norske forhold? – eller på resten av Sverige? Kvifor heiter bygdeborgene ofte slikt som Tjuvåsen, Røverkollen eller Slottet? Seier dette noko om funksjon i førhistorisk tid? Er eigentleg bygdeborg éin ting? Andre stikkord: Tanemsåsen, Hoøya i Selbusjøen, Ytraberget i Hafrsfjord, Lisjstenen, Vardåsen, Tjuvenborgen / Tjuvenborn, Steinberget i Eidfjord, Stein, liminale stader, Sverresoga, Snorre Sturlason, Bornholm, Odensala prästgård, Oluf Rygh, Michael Olausson, Hanne Lovise Aannestad, Anders Bornfalk Back, Tirpitz, Maginotlinja.

El Tirpitz fue el arma principal del Tercer Reich. Hermano del Bismarck, el Tirpitz fue el buque de guerra con más éxito de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, además del orgullo de la marina de Hitler. Construido de forma secreta en la costa del Báltico en 1939, el barco estuvo los siguientes cinco años aterrorizando a los aliados en las rutas marí­timas del Atlántico y el ártico, aniquilando convoyes enteros a su paso. Con todas las probabilidades en contra, los heroicos militares aliados lo intentaron todo para hundir el Tirpitz: torpedos tripulados, minas magnéticas, submarinos en miniatura, e incluso bombardeos masivos. Todo cambió en 1944, con el desarrollo de la nueva tecnologí­a: la bomba terremoto, un arma aliada que supuso la maldición del terrorí­fico barco de guerra. Este documental narra la historia del valor épico y del genio tecnológico que finalmente destruyó esta máquina de guerra, una hazaña que costó más de cinco años y 36 intentos.

During the Second World War, the Allies were desperate to sink the two biggest battleships in the German fleet, Bismarck and her sister ship Tirpitz. Bismarck went to the bottom in 1941 but in 1944 Tirpitz was still threatening Allied shipping. In a series of daring raids over the icy waters of Norway, Royal Air Force bombers eventually sank the mighty warship. And Australian crews played there part. In his new book, Buckham's Bombers, Mark Baker tells the story of Australian captain Bruce Buckham and his fearless Lancaster crew, who not only participated in the mission that sank Tirpitz, but also in dozens of other daring raids across Europe.Buckham's Bombers: The Australian Airmen who Hunted Hitler's Deadliest Battleship is available now in bookshops Australia-wide.Presenter: Mat McLachlanGuest: Mark BakerProducer: Jess StebnickiSubscribe via Patreon for exclusive bonus episodes, early access to all episodes, ad-free listening and special online events with Mat McLachlan! https://www.patreon.com/MMHistoryJoin one of our battlefield tours and walk in the footsteps of the Anzacs! Visit https://battlefields.com.au/ for more information. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Bismarck, Tirpitz, Scharnhorst y Gneisenau, orgullo de la marina de Erich Raeder al que Hitler dio la responsabilidad de refundar la otrora poderosa marina alemana. ¿Cuál era el plan de estos buques frente a la potentísima Home Fleet? ¿Qué posibilidades de supervivencia tuvieron frente a los británicos? ¿Fueron un escollo para la fabricación de submarinos? Te lo cuenta Antonio Gómez y Dani CarAn. ⭐️ ¿Qué es la Edición Especial de Verano? Se trata de reediciones revisadas de episodios relevantes de nuestro arsenal, para que no pases el verano sin tu ración de Historia Bélica. 🔗 Enlaces para Listas de Episodios Exclusivos para 💥 FANS 👉 CB FANS 💥 https://bit.ly/CBPListCBFans 👉 Histórico 📂 FANS Antes de la 2GM https://bit.ly/CBPListHis1 👉 Histórico 📂 FANS 2ª Guerra Mundial https://bit.ly/CBPListHis2 👉 Histórico 📂 FANS Guerra Fría https://bit.ly/CBPListHis3 👉 Histórico 📂 FANS Después de la G Fría https://bit.ly/CBPListHis4 Casus Belli Podcast pertenece a 🏭 Factoría Casus Belli. Casus Belli Podcast forma parte de 📀 Ivoox Originals. 📚 Zeppelin Books (Digital) y 📚 DCA Editor (Físico) http://zeppelinbooks.com son sellos editoriales de la 🏭 Factoría Casus Belli. Estamos en: 🆕 WhatsApp https://bit.ly/CasusBelliWhatsApp 👉 X/Twitter https://twitter.com/CasusBelliPod 👉 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/CasusBelliPodcast 👉 Instagram estamos https://www.instagram.com/casusbellipodcast 👉 Telegram Canal https://t.me/casusbellipodcast 👉 Telegram Grupo de Chat https://t.me/casusbellipod 📺 YouTube https://bit.ly/casusbelliyoutube 👉 TikTok https://www.tiktok.com/@casusbelli10 👉 https://podcastcasusbelli.com 👨‍💻Nuestro chat del canal es https://t.me/casusbellipod ⚛️ El logotipo de Casus Belli Podcasdt y el resto de la Factoría Casus Belli están diseñados por Publicidad Fabián publicidadfabian@yahoo.es 🎵 La música incluida en el programa es Ready for the war de Marc Corominas Pujadó bajo licencia CC. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ El resto de música es bajo licencia privada de Epidemic Music, Jamendo Music o SGAE SGAE RRDD/4/1074/1012 de Ivoox. 🎭Las opiniones expresadas en este programa de pódcast, son de exclusiva responsabilidad de quienes las trasmiten. Que cada palo aguante su vela. 📧¿Quieres contarnos algo? También puedes escribirnos a casus.belli.pod@gmail.com ¿Quieres anunciarte en este podcast, patrocinar un episodio o una serie? Hazlo a través de 👉 https://www.advoices.com/casus-belli-podcast-historia Si te ha gustado, y crees que nos lo merecemos, nos sirve mucho que nos des un like, ya que nos da mucha visibilidad. Muchas gracias por escucharnos, y hasta la próxima. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Teil 2: Keineswegs schlafwandelnd in den KriegEin Kommentar von Wolfgang Effenberger.US-Präsidentenberater "Colonel" House machte sich im Frühjahr 1914 in diplomatischer Mission auf den Weg nach Europa, wo er am 27. Mai mit dem deutschen Außenminister von Jagow und Marineminister Admiral von Tirpitz dinierte. Letzterer kam im Gespräch auf die Thesen des US-Admiral Thayer Mahan zu sprechen. Mahan, Dozent für Marinegeschichte und Präsident des United States Naval War College, hatte 1890 eine revolutionäre Analyse der Bedeutung der Seemacht als Faktor für den Aufstieg des britischen Empire veröffentlicht.(1) Von ihm stammt das Axiom: Die Bedeutung einer Kriegsmarine ergibt sich aus dem Produkt der Kampfkraft aller Schiffe und der Anzahl der weltweiten Stützpunkte. Letzter Faktor bewegte sich für Deutschland gegen Null!Nach diesem Disput unterstellte House dem Admiral von Tirpitz eine antibritische Einstellung und wurde sogleich konkret: Sollte Deutschland die Überlegenheit der britischen Seemacht gefährden, würde es untergehen.(2) Die genauen Vergleichszahlen der Kampfschiffe samt ihren operativen Einsatzmöglichkeiten zeigen indes deutlich auf, dass Deutschland zu keinem Zeitpunkt auch nur annähernd in der Lage gewesen wäre, England von den Weltmeeren zu fegen: Bis 1917 waren gerade einmal 58 Großkampfschiffe (Linienschiffe und Panzerkreuzer) gebaut worden - von England als "existenziell bedrohlich" empfunden - während der Inselstaat selbst 138, darunter 113 wesentlich modernere Schiffe, zum Einsatz bringen konnte. Daneben waren 55 französische und 41 russische Großkampfschiffe im Dienst. Eine erstaunliche Analyse des Kräfteverhältnisses ist im britischen "Naval Annual" von 1900 nachzulesen: Demnach konnte die deutsche Flotte die britische Seeherrschaft niemals gefährden.(3) Dazu fehlten einfach die weltweiten Stützpunkte. Basen in Kiel und Wilhelmshaven und einem einzigen Überseestützpunkt in Laztschou in Nordostchina, konnten die ozeanischen Seeverbindungen der Navy nicht bedrohen. Diese Zusammenhänge mussten House bekannt gewesen sein...... hier weiterlesen: https://apolut.net/die-langen-schatten-des-ersten-weltkriegs-teil-2-von-wolfgang-effenberger+++Ihnen gefällt unser Programm? Machen wir uns gemeinsam im Rahmen einer „digitalen finanziellen Selbstverteidigung“ unabhängig vom Bankensystem und unterstützen Sie uns bitte mit Bitcoin: https://apolut.net/unterstuetzen#bitcoinzahlungInformationen zu weiteren Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten finden Sie hier: https://apolut.net/unterstuetzen/+++Bitte empfehlen Sie uns weiter und teilen Sie gerne unsere Inhalte. Sie haben hiermit unser Einverständnis, unsere Beiträge in Ihren eigenen Kanälen auf Social-Media- und Video-Plattformen zu teilen bzw. hochzuladen und zu veröffentlichen.+++Apolut ist auch als kostenlose App für Android- und iOS-Geräte verfügbar! Über unsere Homepage kommen Sie zu den Stores von Apple und Huawei. Hier der Link: https://apolut.net/app/Die apolut-App steht auch zum Download (als sogenannte Standalone- oder APK-App) auf unserer Homepage zur Verfügung. Mit diesem Link können Sie die App auf Ihr Smartphone herunterladen: https://apolut.net/apolut_app.apk+++Abonnieren Sie jetzt den apolut-Newsletter: https://apolut.net/newsletter/+++ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

fWotD Episode 2567: Operation Title Welcome to featured Wiki of the Day where we read the summary of the featured Wikipedia article every day.The featured article for Wednesday, 15 May 2024 is Operation Title.Operation Title was an unsuccessful Allied attack on the German battleship Tirpitz during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. It involved two British Chariot manned torpedoes that were transported close to the battleship's anchorage in Trondheimsfjorden (English: the Trondheim Fjord) in occupied Norway, by a Norwegian-crewed boat between 26 and 31 October 1942. The attack was abandoned following the accidental loss of both Chariots during the evening of 31 October.The Allies considered Tirpitz to be a major threat to their shipping, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill directed that priority be placed on destroying the battleship. Several Royal Air Force (RAF) heavy bomber raids against Tirpitz failed to inflict any damage, and it was decided to use Royal Navy midget submarines instead. Operation Title involved a pair of two-man British Chariot crews, two British support personnel and four members of the Norwegian resistance. They were transported to Norway on board a small boat named Arthur that had been modified to covertly carry the Chariots and their crews. Arthur suffered mechanical problems during the voyage to Trondheimsfjorden, causing delays. Its captain, Leif Larsen, used forged documents to bluff his way through German defences near the mouth of the fjord. Both Chariots were lost when bad weather caused them to detach from Arthur on 31 October, shortly before the attack was to have begun. This forced the operation to be abandoned. It was not possible for the Allied boat to return to the sea due to German security measures, and Arthur was scuttled. The Allied personnel attempted to escape overland to neutral Sweden, and all but one reached Sweden on 5 November. The other – a British serviceman – was taken prisoner by German forces and murdered on 19 January 1943. Historians regard Operation Title as a skilful attack that failed due to bad luck and faulty workmanship. The British attacked Tirpitz again in September 1943 (Operation Source) using a different type of midget submarine; this operation caused severe damage to the battleship. The Royal Navy conducted several air raids against Tirpitz between April and August 1944, with mixed results. She was crippled by a RAF heavy bomber attack in September 1944 and sunk by another such raid in November that year.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 07:47 UTC on Friday, 17 May 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Operation Title on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm Ruth Neural.

Tirpitz the war pig, TV show endings, the Dad's Army cast slated, and jury duty avoidance. (Rec: 12/7/23) Join the Iron Filings Society: https://www.patreon.com/topflighttimemachine Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Großadmiral, Marineminister, Strippenzieher. Einflüsterer des Kaisers, versessen nach Weltgeltung: Die Karriere des Alfred Tirpitz ist atemberaubend.

Großadmiral, Marineminister, Strippenzieher. Einflüsterer des Kaisers, versessen nach Weltgeltung: die Karriere des eigentlich Bürgerlichen Alfred Tirpitz ist atemberaubend. Von Edda Dammmüller.

This is Part 2 of the new Great War Revisited project. This episode is an expanded, rewritten, and rerecorded version of the Member Episode released in 2019. With Tirpitz in control of the Imperial German Navy and it was time to put his plans into action. But to do so, he needed political and public support. Contact sales@advertisecast.com to advertise on History of the Second World War.  History of the Great War is part of the Airwave Media podcast network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is Part 1 of the new Great War Revisited project. This episode is an expanded, rewritten, and rerecorded version of the Member Episode released in 2019.  Great War Revisited will be a continuing series of brand new content for History of the Great War in which I go back to the First World War and pick out events and themes to revisit. This is the start of a 10 part series on the naval build up before First World War. Contact sales@advertisecast.com to advertise on History of the Second World War.  History of the Great War is part of the Airwave Media podcast network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

En el escenario global de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el teatro marítimo fue un campo de batalla crucial que influyó decisivamente en el curso del conflicto. Las estrategias navales de las potencias del Eje y los Aliados desencadenaron un enfrentamiento sin precedentes, donde la supremacía en el océano tenía ramificaciones directas en el frente terrestre. La Marina alemana implementó tácticas submarinas agresivas, desencadenando la "Guerra de los Convoys" en el Atlántico. Los submarinos alemanes, conocidos como U-boats, buscaban interceptar y hundir los buques de suministro aliados, buscando estrangular la cadena logística de las fuerzas opositoras. Este conflicto submarino alcanzó su punto álgido con el famoso hundimiento del RMS Lusitania en 1915 y la implementación de la táctica del "lupo gris" (lobo gris) en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En el Pacífico, las batallas navales entre Estados Unidos y Japón marcaron la pauta. La batalla de Midway en 1942 fue un punto de inflexión, donde la Marina estadounidense infligió pérdidas devastadoras a la flota japonesa, cambiando el equilibrio estratégico en el Pacífico. Mientras tanto, en el Atlántico, las fuerzas aliadas emprendieron misiones para neutralizar las amenazas navales alemanas. La caza del acorazado Bismarck y del Tirpitz destacó la lucha por el control del Atlántico Norte. Esta guerra en el mar, repleta de estrategias ingeniosas y enfrentamientos épicos, no solo delineó el destino de naciones, sino que también demostró la importancia estratégica de los océanos en el tablero de ajedrez de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Acompáñennos en "Antena Historia" mientras exploramos a fondo este fascinante capítulo de la historia militar. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Antena Historia te regala 30 días PREMIUM, para que lo disfrutes https://www.ivoox.com/premium?affiliate-code=b4688a50868967db9ca413741a54cea5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Produce Antonio Cruz Edita ANTENA HISTORIA Antena Historia (podcast) forma parte del sello iVoox Originals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- web……….https://antenahistoria.com/ correo.....info@antenahistoria.com Facebook…..Antena Historia Podcast | Facebook Twitter…...https://twitter.com/AntenaHistoria Telegram…...https://t.me/foroantenahistoria DONACIONES PAYPAL...... https://paypal.me/ancrume ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¿QUIERES ANUNCIARTE en ANTENA HISTORIA?, menciones, cuñas publicitarias, programas personalizados, etc. Dirígete a Antena Historia - AdVoices Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

En el escenario global de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el teatro marítimo fue un campo de batalla crucial que influyó decisivamente en el curso del conflicto. Las estrategias navales de las potencias del Eje y los Aliados desencadenaron un enfrentamiento sin precedentes, donde la supremacía en el océano tenía ramificaciones directas en el frente terrestre. La Marina alemana implementó tácticas submarinas agresivas, desencadenando la "Guerra de los Convoys" en el Atlántico. Los submarinos alemanes, conocidos como U-boats, buscaban interceptar y hundir los buques de suministro aliados, buscando estrangular la cadena logística de las fuerzas opositoras. Este conflicto submarino alcanzó su punto álgido con el famoso hundimiento del RMS Lusitania en 1915 y la implementación de la táctica del "lupo gris" (lobo gris) en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. En el Pacífico, las batallas navales entre Estados Unidos y Japón marcaron la pauta. La batalla de Midway en 1942 fue un punto de inflexión, donde la Marina estadounidense infligió pérdidas devastadoras a la flota japonesa, cambiando el equilibrio estratégico en el Pacífico. Mientras tanto, en el Atlántico, las fuerzas aliadas emprendieron misiones para neutralizar las amenazas navales alemanas. La caza del acorazado Bismarck y del Tirpitz destacó la lucha por el control del Atlántico Norte. Esta guerra en el mar, repleta de estrategias ingeniosas y enfrentamientos épicos, no solo delineó el destino de naciones, sino que también demostró la importancia estratégica de los océanos en el tablero de ajedrez de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Acompáñennos en "Antena Historia" mientras exploramos a fondo este fascinante capítulo de la historia militar. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Antena Historia te regala 30 días PREMIUM, para que lo disfrutes https://www.ivoox.com/premium?affiliate-code=b4688a50868967db9ca413741a54cea5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Produce Antonio Cruz Edita ANTENA HISTORIA Antena Historia (podcast) forma parte del sello iVoox Originals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- web……….https://antenahistoria.com/ correo.....info@antenahistoria.com Facebook…..Antena Historia Podcast | Facebook Twitter…...https://twitter.com/AntenaHistoria Telegram…...https://t.me/foroantenahistoria DONACIONES PAYPAL...... https://paypal.me/ancrume ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¿QUIERES ANUNCIARTE en ANTENA HISTORIA?, menciones, cuñas publicitarias, programas personalizados, etc. Dirígete a Antena Historia - AdVoices Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

¡Suscríbete, dale me gusta y comenta el video! El año de 1936 vio nacer a dos acorazados espectaculares en los astilleros de la Alemania nacionalsocialista, el Bismarck y su hermana gemela el Tirpitz. Ambos serían los primeros y últimos navíos de tal magnitud construidos y completados por los nazis, y sus historias marcarían el final de la era de los acorazados alemanes. ¡Bienvenidos, historiadores! Estamos estrenando un nuevo video de Máquinas de Guerra.Hoy nos adentramos a las gélidas aguas del norte de Europa para descubrir la historia del acorazado alemán Tirpitz. Así que leven anclas que nos haremos a la mar con este mítico barco Guion: David Cabrera. ¡Únete a nuestro Patreon para obtener beneficios increíbles y ayudarnos a crecer! https://www.patreon.com/hchistoriacontemporanea Buy Me A Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/hchistoria --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hc-historia-contemporanea/message

Last time we spoke about the Red Bearded Honghuzi Bandits. Yes Manchuria and many parts of China proper have had a bandit problem going back to ancient times. The borderlands between the Russian Empire and Qing Dynasty proved to be the perfect grounds for bandits to evolve. The Honghuzi were getting larger, more organized and certain leaders amongst them would have long lasting impacts on the history of China. Such names that come to mind are Zhang Zuolin and the Dogmeat General Zhang Zongchang. Such forces were incorporated officially into the Qing military to thwart other bandit groups and eventually to harass the Russians or Japanese in conflict looming on the horizon. Everything seems to be hot in Manchuria, Russian has full on invaded her and is reluctant to drag her troops out. There are those unhappy with this circumstance and they will soon make themselves heard loud and clear.    #73 The Yellow Peril and a War in the East   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. The Boxer Rebellion is over. The Russo-Chinese War in Manchuria is over. Order had been restored to Beijing and in Manchuria things were significantly quieted down. Now the other nations of the 8 nation alliance had their hands full dealing with the expedition against Beijing and they sort of turned a blind eye to what was a side conflict in Manchuria. But when things were settling down and 177,000 Russian forces had more or less invaded and were occupying Manchuria, well a lot of eyeballs bulged. Britain and Japan sought common cause, both had significant investments in the Asia-Pacific. For example Britain had Weihaiwei and was literally staring down at the Russians over in Port Arthur and Dalien. Japan had been slighted by the triple intervention by Russia, Germany and France, losing her acquisitions of Port Arthur and Dalien to the Russians. Manchuria was always seen as a buffer zone to the Japanese, she now hand a toehold in Korea and such large Russian activity in Manchuria was very threatening. Let us not forget the entire war between the Qing dynasty and Japan over Korea, to a lesser extent also had Russian as a 4th party. Russia did meddle in Korea and continuously antagonized Japan. Thus with common cause Japan and Britain formed an alliance on January 30th of 1902. In response Russia and France formed their own on March 16th of 1902. The alliances basically worked to thwart any other great powers from getting involved in a potential war between Japan and Russia.  Now Russia also agreed to the rest of the great powers that she would gradually withdraw her forces from Manchuria. It was to be rolled out in 3 periods of 6 months. The first phase saw southwest Manchuria evacuated and returned to China, but when it came to the second phase, suddenly Russia was making demands for concessions to the Qing dynasty.  Britain, Japan and the US protested the demands and this bolstered China to reject them. Now turned back the clock a bit there was another sticky situation. When chaos was erupting in Korea, King Gojong ran to the Russians for protection for over two years. This turned the nations favor towards the Russians over the Chinese and Japanese. Russia seized this opportunity to strengthen her forces in defense of her legation in Korea, and this action was met with actions taken up by Japan. Japanese and Russian officials met and this was the result verbatim: A further agreement between Russia and Japan had been signed in Tokyo on 25 April 1898. The agreement contained three understandings: The independence of Korea was assured; neither country would interfere in Korea's domestic affairs. There would be no appointment of military or civil advisers without discussion with the interested parties. Russia agreed not to hinder Japan's development of trade with Korea.  Aside from this the Russians of course wanted to seize as much as they could. A Russian-Korean bank was formed in 1897, and a timber cutting contract was given to Russian industrialists in the Yalu river area. In 1901, Tsar Nicholas II told Prince Henry of Prussia, "I do not want to seize Korea but under no circumstances can I allow Japan to become firmly established there. That will be a “casus belli." The contract only came into effect when the Manchurian railway projects were kicking off and when able bodies were around, which came about during the occupation of Manchuria. In april of 1903 Russians acquired some land and established a fort at Yongampo near the mouth of the Yalu river. America and Japan received similar concessions in the region. The Japanese began receiving reports, indicating Port Arthur was being heavily stocked with supplies and a large body of Russian troops were advancing across the Liaodong Peninsula towards Korea. Thus from the Japanese point of view it looked clear Russia was not honoring her agreements. On July 28th of 1903, the Japanese ambassador at St Petersburg was instructed to make it known to the Russians, the 7 demands they made to China was not seen as a “relaxation of her hold on Manchuria but rather a consolidation” Two days later, Russian Admiral Alexeiev was appointed Viceroy of the Far East. Alexeiev would hold supreme power to exercises diplomacy between Russian East Asia and her neighbors as well as command the Russian military and naval forces in the east. From the Japanese point of view, a permanent Russian occupation of Manchuria would be prejudicial over her own security and interests. It would also threaten Korea, which was her sphere of interest, one she was not looking to share. Russia agreed to consider drawing up a new treaty. On August 12th of 1903 a draft was presented at St Petersburg, but in the meantime Russia was strengthening her position in the far east. This tense situation kept going, until January 13th of 1904 when Japan offered to recognize Manchuria as being outside her sphere of interest, if Russia would agree Korea was Japan's sphere of interest. It was to be blunt a very fair deal. Japan requested an early reply to the proposal, but by February 4th of 1904 no reply was forthcoming. Two days later the Japanese ambassador, Mr. Kurino called upon the Russian foreign minister, Count Lamsdorf to take his leave. Kurino explained to Lamsdorf that the Japanese government had decided to adopt some “independent action” deeming it necessary to defend its established rights and legitimate interests. Basically Japan's patience had come to an end. The Russian ambassador to Tokyo, Baron Rosen, had continuously sent warnings to his superiors in St Petersburg that if they continued to corner Japan, she would most certainly fight them. Such sentiment was shared by War Minister General Kuroptkin who resigned in a state of exasperation some months earlier. Tsar Nicholas II did not want a war, but he was continuously assured by his advisers, Japan was not strong enough to fight them. When Mr. Kurino took his leave, the immediate signal was made to Admiral Alexeiev, who was in Tokyo at the time. The new viceroy saw with his own eyes evidence of Japanese mobilization and he advised St Petersburg accordingly. The Japanese foreign ministry confirmed their government had run out of patience. However all of this was taken to be a bluff. It has been theorized Alexeiev was simply not averse to a war with a country he certainly deemed inferior to his own. It is also theorized Tsar Nicholas II probably believed if a war would to break out it would be a short and victorious one, and perhaps such an event could distract the tide of revolution hitting his nation, the people of Russia were not happy anymore about the Romanov rule. Funny enough, all of these talks, deceptions and plans were to take shape in China. The Chinese were literally never even thought of or spoken to, and soon a war would literally occur within their borders against their will. How did this all come about? It might sound a bit funny, but a large reason the Russo-Japanese War would occur would simply be a result of, pardon my french, shit talking by one Kaiser Wilhelm II. When Kaiser Wilhelm I died on March 9th of 1888, Germany fell to Frederick III who died of throat cancer only 99 days after taking the reins. On June 15th, a 29 year old Kaiser Wilhelm II took the throne. Now for those of you who don't know, Otto von Bismarck, the man who unified Germany was during the late 19th century one of the greatest political players in the world. Bismarck had an incredible understanding of the balance of power theory and studied all the most powerful nations national interests. He brokered international deals using his knowledge to increase Germany's standing in global politics and he also in many ways designed a system of international alliances to thwart a global war….which ironically would in many ways cause ww1. If you want to know more specifically about this by the way, check out Kings and Generals alliances that caused WW1, I wrote that script and its a fascinating story. Dan Carlin famously referred to Bismarcks work as creating a giant hand grenade, that if the pin got pulled out, only Bismarck understood how to put it back in. While Bismarck was in power things were pretty good, but he was such a colossal figure, that when the young Kaiser came into power, many of his advisers suggested he was being overshadowed by Bismarck. Kaiser Wilhelm II listening to his advisers, sought to stop Bismarck from taking the quote en quote “day to day” administration. Conflicts began to arise between the two men. Wilhelm did not understand the complexities of Bismarcks international relations and saw him as far too peaceful. Wilhelm gradually fell under the influence of his military leaders to the dismay of Bismarck who thought the Kaiser would lead them swiftly into a war with a nation like Russia. In 1890 Bismarck resigned under pressure from Wilhelm II and other German leaders, and as Dan Carlin would say, now the grenade he created was set to go off. Now when the new Kaiser venturing into international relations, he was deeply influenced by a ideological concept that he would use as a tool to coerce international players to act out. The concept is known as the “yellow peril” “le Peril Jaune” as coined by Russian sociologist Jacques Novikow in the late 19th century. In essence the yellow peril was a racist ideology that held asians to be subhuman, like apes and monkeys, but also that as a racial group should they unite, they would threaten what was thought to be the superior race of the day, whites. Basically the idea was that if all the nations of asia were to unite, they could retaliate against the White nations who were at the time colonizing or forcing unequal treaties upon them. There was also a religious element to it, that Christianity was under threat from the hoards of the east.  Now back to Wilhelm II, one of his advisers was the diplomat Max von Brandt who advised him that Imperial Germany had major colonial interests in China. The Triple Intervention that Germany endorsed was justified by the Kaiser under the guise it was to thwart what he began calling “die Gelbe Gefahr / the yellow peril”. The Kaiser began a propaganda campaign using the famous allegorical lithograph “Peoples of Europe, Guard your Most Sacred Possessions” created in 1895 by Hermann Knackfuss. You can google the image. The lithograph portrays the European monarchs with Germany as the leader of Europe personified by a “prehistoric warrior-goddesses being led by the Archangel Michael against the yellow peril from the east. The east is seen as a dark cloud of smoke which rests eerily upon a calm Buddha, wreathed in flame”. The imagery is very apparent, white and christianity is under threat from asian and their eastern religions. This type of ideology goes all the way back to Ancient Greece and Persia, its the age old west vs east stuff. Today you would call this sort of talk, a race war. Now you are probably asking, ok this leader of Germany is just a racist dude, how does this cause a war between Russia and Japan? This story is rather hilarious and hard to believe, but in summary, the Kaiser used the ideology to trick his cousin into war.  For those unaware, Kaiser Wilhelm II was first cousins with King Geoerge V of Britain,  to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, to Queens Marie of Romania, Maud of Norway, Victoria Eugene of Spain, and even the woman he would eventually marry, the Empress of Russia. Now the Germany presented to Wilhelm was involved in some alliances. I mentioned Britain and Japan had an alliance and France and Russian had an alliance. Wilhelm and his advisers sought to increase Germany's stature. Wilhelm believed that if Russia went to war with Japan, it would break up the Franco-Russian alliance and with no one else to turn to, Russia would seek an alliance with Germany. Wilhelms reasoning was that France was not supporting of Russians expansion into asia and such aggressive actions like going to war with Japan would be highly disapproved by France. The French Premier Maurice Rouvier publicly declared that the Franco-Russian alliance applied only in Europe and not Asia and that if Japan and Russia went to war, France would remain neutral. Such rhetoric seemed to prove Wilhelms beliefs. Germany meanwhile felt threatened by Britain and had embarked on what was known as the Tirpitz Plan in the late 1890s. The Tirpitz plan was Germany's plan to achieve world power status through naval power, but the world's greatest navy of course was Britain at the time. What essentially happened was Germany challenging Britain to an arms race in the form of naval warship building programs. Everything the Kaiser pursued during the late 19th century was what was called “Weltpolitik / world politics” which essentially was just Germany's imperialistic foreign policy to become a global power. Wilhelm and his advisers were playing world politics to weaken rivals and strengthen Germany plain and simple.  So Wilhelm believes he can break the French-Russian alliance and squeeze himself in Frances place if he can get the Russians to go to war with Japan who just happened to be allied to Germany's main rival, Britain. Some real game of thrones stuff here. Wilhelm also believed if Germany could pull this off, France would be compelled to join them, forming a triple alliance against Britain and Japan so they could all pursue their expansionist policies in places like Asia. There was also the belief pulling this off would pull Russia away from the Balkans which was a huge source of tension with Germany's main ally Austro-Hungary. Thats all fine and dandy, but how does Wilhelm get his cousin Tsar Nicholas to go to war with the Japanese, here comes the yellow peril.  Starting in 1895, Kaiser Wilhelm began using the Yellow Peril ideology to portray Germany as the great defender of the west against the barbarism of the east. But then all of a sudden Wilhelm began sending personal letters to his cousin Nicholas praising him as the quote “savior of the white races” and began urging him to take a more hardened approach to Asia. The letters between the two have been referred to as the “willy-nicky” letters, consisting of 75 messages sent back and forth between 1895-1914. I wont list them all of course but lets take a peak at how Wilhelm wrote to his cousin. In 1895 Wilhelm wrote this from Kaltenbronn Schwarzwald. I will paraphrase of course there's a ton of fluff. Dearest Nicky, I thank you sincerely for the excellent way in which you initiated the combined action of Europe[27] for the sake of its interests against Japan. It was high time that energetic steps were taken, and will make an excellent impression in Japan as elsewhere. It shows to evidence how necessary it is that we should hold together, and also that there is existent a base of common interests upon which all European nations may work in joint action for the welfare of all as is shown by the adherence of France to us two. May the conviction that this can be done without touching a nations honour, take root more and more firmly, then no doubt the fear of war in Europe will dissipate more and more. The kind and most valuable messages which you sent me through Osten Sacken[28] by Count Eulenburgs transmission in Vienna have given me a signal proof of your loyalty and openness towards me. I shall certainly do all in my power to keep Europe quiet and also guard the rear or Russia so that nobody shall hamper your action towards the Far East! For that is clearly the great task of the future for Russia to cultivate the Asian Continent and to defend Europe from the inroads of the Great Yellow race. In this you will always find me on your side ready to help you as best I can. You have well understood that call of Providence and have quickly grasped the moment; it is of immense political and historical value and much good will come of it. I shall with interest await the further development of our action and hope that, just as I will gladly help you to settle the question of eventual annexations[29] of portions of territory for Russia, you will kindly see that Germany may also be able to acquire a Port somewhere were it does not "gêne" you. You can see how Wilhelm is egging on his cousin about how Germany will have his back if he were to be bolder in Asia. Also the cute end bit about Germany acquiring some ports.  In 1898 for a New Years letter Wilhelm sent this Dearest Niky May this New Year be a happy one for you dear Allx and the whole of your house and country. May the plans, which you mature be fullfilled for the wellfare of your people. Henry's mission^ is one of the steps I have taken for the help and countenance of your lofty Ideals—without which no sovereign can exist—in promoting civilisation I. e. Christianity in [41] the Far East! Will you kindly accept a drawing I have sketched for you, showing the Symbolising figures of Russia and Germany as sentinels at the Yellow Sea for the proclaiming of the Gospel of Truth and Light in the East. I drew the sketch in the Xmas week under the blaze of the lights of theXmas trees!  Here Wilhelm is pressing upon the religious aspect and is basically flattering Nicholas. Again in 1898 Wilhelm wrote Dearest Nicky I must congratulate you most heartily at the successful issue of your action at Port Arthur ; we two will make a good pair of sentinels at the entrance of the gulf of Petchili, who will be duly respected especially by the Yellow Ones ! I think the way you managed to soothe the feelings of the "fretful Japs"by the masterly arrangement at Korea a remarkably fine piece of diplomacy and a great show of foresight; which Is apt to show what a boon it was that by your great journey,^ you were able to study the Question of the Far East locally and are now morally speaking the Master of Peking! Fretful Japs indeed In 1902 we get probably the most important letter involving the yellow peril Dear Nicky This is the more necessary as/certain symptoms in the East seems to show that Japan is becoming a rather restless customer and that the situation necessitates all coolness and decision of the Peace Powers. The news of the attachment of the Japanese General Yamai^—former leader of the Jap. troops in China—to the Legation at Peking in order to take in hand the reorganisation of the Chinese Army—i.e. for the unavowed object of driving every other foreigner out of China—is very serious. 20 to 30 Million of trained Chinese helped by half a dozen Jap. Divisions and led by fine, undaunted Christian hating Jap. Officers, is a future to be con- templated not without anxiety; and not impossible. In fact it is the coming into reality of the *'Yellow Peril" which I depicted some years ago, and for which engraving I was laughed at by the greater mass of the People for my graphic depiction of it ... Your devoted friend and cousin, Willy, Admiral of the Atlantic".  And there it is, an army of millions of Chinese led by Japanese officers, the yellow peril. So for years Wilhelm egged on his cousin, making him believe he was this savior of the white race, holding the yellow hoard back from sweeping over Europe. Wilhelm also made sure to leave ambiguous ideas that Germany had Russians back, that if war came and let's say a nation like Britain jumped into the mix, Germany would jump in too. Arguable if there was any reality behind these claims. Now back to the situation in the far east, King Gojong found his nation stuck between two tigers again, this time it was Japan and Russia. He believed the key to the issue was Manchuria and sought for Korea to remain as neutral as possible so she could hope to preserve her independence, I would saw independence with finger quotes. Meanwhile the Chinese ambassador to St Petersburg, Hu Weide was receiving reports from Beijing on whether Russia or Japan were likely to win such a war and how it would favor China. It was argued it was in China's interest for Japan to win, because a Japanese victory would likely breakdown Russians stronghold on Manchuria and perhaps China could wrestle it all back in. China decided in December of 1903 to remain neutral if war came, because while she knew Japan was the only one in the far east capable of pushing Russia out, she also did not know what Japan's ambitions might be in Manchuria.  In early 1904 negotiations continued between Russia and Japan, but like I mentioned earlier Japan gradually figured out Russia was not being serious. This was more than likely due to an infamous message sent by Wilhelm to Nicholas in December of 1903.  Since 97—Kiaochow—we have never left Russia in any doubt that we would cover her back in Europe, in case she decided to pursue a bigger policy in the Far East that might lead to military complications (with the aim of relieving our eastern border from the fearful pressure and threat of the massive Russian army!). Whereupon, Russia took Port Arthur and trusting us, took her fleet out of the Baltic, thereby making herself vulnerable to us by sea. In Danzig 01 and Reval 02, the same assurance was given again, with result that entire Russian divisions from Poland and European Russia were and are being sent to the Far East. This would not had happened if our governments had not been in agreement! Nicholas for his part was prepared to compromise with Japan, but the incessant letters from Wilhelm egging him on as a coward for thinking about compromising gradually broke the Tsar. The Kaiser wrote this: undertaking the protection and defence of the White Race, and with it, Christian civilization, against the Yellow Race. And whatever the Japs are determined to ensure the domination of the Yellow Race in East Asia, to put themselves at its head and organise and lead it into battle against the White Race. That is the kernel of the situation, and therefore there can be very little doubt about where the sympathies of all half-way intelligent Europeans should lie. England betrayed Europe's interests to America in a cowardly and shameful way over the Panama Canal question, so as to be left in 'peace' by the Yankees. Will the 'Tsar' likewise betray the interests of the White Race to the Yellow as to be 'left in peace' and not embarrass the Hague tribunal too much?. Nicholas replied he still sought peace, and Wilhelm replied in telegram “oh you innocent angel, this is the language of an innocent angel. But not that of a White Tsar!” Regardless of the Tsar's feelings, Japan was firmly under the belief Russia was not serious about seeking a peaceful solution to their dispute over Manchuria and Korea. When Japan proposed recognizing Manchuria was Russia's sphere of influence if Russia would respect their sphere of influence over Korea, the Russia counter proposal was basically, no, Russia would retain Manchuria and Korea would be open game.  Potential diplomatic resolutions between the two nations had thus failed. Historians generally argue it was the fault of Nicholas II who pushed his administration to give no ground. Why he acted this way though has two major arguments, one I have highlighted, the egging on by the Kaiser, but there was another element at play. The Russian people were frankly fed up with the royal family, the people were looking for change. To start a war and rile up patriotism could have been an attempt to quell the Russian people from revolutionary actions and in retrospect it certainly seems the case. The Tsar's advisers despite being hawkish did not seek a war with Japan, they simply wanted to bully what they thought was a weaker nation into submission. Because the reality was, Manchuria was far, the trans siberian railway was not complete, moving troops and provisions such a distance was a colossal task.  Japan performed a large scale study of the Russian power in Manchuria. The Japanese had been secretly surveying and mapping as far as east of Lake Baikal. In 1904 the Japanese had 380,000 active and reserve army forces, 200,000 in the 2nd reserve, another 50,000 in conscription reserve and 220,000 trained men of the national army, thus they could in theory toss 850,000 men into a conflict and by conscripting perhaps 4,250,000 who would all have to be trained taking time and money. Japan's effective strength was 257,000 infantry, 11,000 cavalry and 894 artillery pieces. They held 12 infantry divisions each containing 11,400 infantry, 430 cavalry and 36 guns a piece. Their troops received 12 months training, once the war started this would be cut to 6 months. Their artillery battalions held 3 batteries with both field and mountain guns ranging in caliber of 2.95 inches to 4.72 inches. Their infantry were equipped with a modern 1900 .256 inch magazine rifle that could fire 2000 yards but was effective at 300. Each soldier carried a knapsack, greatcoat and shelter tent. In their sacks were two days rations and entrenching tools. For machine guns they would receive Hotchkiss guns. The logistical system for the Japanese would be much better than the Russians. They had a series of lines of support. The soldiers carried two days rations, with echelons of transports that carried provisions behind them. Each division had its own transport battalion, including an ambulance train to deal with casualties. Chinese carts, Chinese and Korean coolies would all be paid premium prices for logistical aid. The Japanese would buy local foodstuff from the Koreans and Chinese at premium prices to earn the local populaces support over the Russians. For the Russians their army stood roughly at 4.5 million, but only 6 of the 25 European army corps would play an active role in the far east. By February of 1904 the Russians had roughly 60,000 troops, 3000 cavalry and 164 guns posted at Vladivostok, Harbin and Port Arthur. By Mid february this would be increased to 95,000; with 45,000 at Vladivostok, 8000 at Harbin, 9000 in Haicheng; 11,000 near the Yalu and 22,000 around Port Arthur. The Russian had the European 1st, 4th, 8th, 10th, 16th and 17th army corps each numbering 28,000 rifles and 112 guns. Alongside these were 7 Siberian corps. While the Russians held the advantage in numbers, the trans siberian was not complete and the route going around Lake Baikal formed a massive delay. Lake Baikal is basically the size of Switzerland, around 386 miles long. Thus the forces in Manchuria would be at the mercy of local foodstuffs for provisions, which meant they were competing with the Japanese to purchase them, while the Japanese had their own nations foodstuffs coming via sea transport, from Korea and of course within China. The Russian troops were armed with a .299 caliber rifles, but their training was lackluster and required all men to fire at short range on orders from superior officers. The upcoming war would catch the Russian gunners in the midst of a  re-equipment programme. A third of their guns were a new 3 inch quick firing gun with a range of 6000 yards, capable of battering the Japanese artillery. However the gunners training period was quite literally on the job. Thus many of the gunners were coming into the conflict with a new technology they had not even fired yet. Japan's population was then 46.5 million, Russia's 130 million. The Russian military opinion saw the Japanese “as little people who lived in paper houses…and wasted hours on flower arrangement and tea ceremonies”. However, Minister of War Kuropatkin visited Japan in 1903 and was impressed by their infantry and artillery, stating that they were equal to any European army, and advocated avoiding war with them. Russia's navy was much larger, but divided between the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Pacific, whereas Japan's was concentrated in her home waters. By 1902, Russia began strengthening her Pacific squadron and, by the end of 1903, had 7 battleships, 7 cruisers, 25 destroyers and 27 smaller ships. The IJN (the Japanese Navy) consisted of 6 battleships, 10 cruisers, 40 destroyers and 40 smaller vessels. The Russian ships were a hotchpotch of differing types, armaments and speeds, with a varied amount of armor protection. The Japanese ships were nearly all British built, uniform and faster. Alcohol excess amongst Russian crews was a serious problem. Baltic crews spent the 6 months of winter ashore because the gulf of Finland froze and because of bureaucratic demand for uniformity. So did the crews of the Black Sea fleet. Thus, Russian sailors spent less time at sea and less time training. The Japanese navy under British instruction spent more time at sea, and trained intensively. Japanese sailors were literate, while most Russian sailors were not. These variables would come out to play when dealing with steam-driven warships, the most technologically advanced weapons of the day. At the outbreak of the conflict the Russian Far East fleet would have 7 battleships, 6 cruisers and 13 destroyers at Port Arthur. At Vladivostok were 4 first class cruisers, with a number of torpedo boats. At Chemulpo in Korea were the protected cruisers Varya and gunboat Koreyetz. A crucial component of the conflict would be commanding the sea ways. Both nations recognized this fact all too well. The Russian far east fleet was constrained from year the round training by being icebound in Vladivostok for 3 months of the year. Her fleet was also a ragtag bunch with different armaments, speed, armor and flexibility. Russia was dependent on foreign built ships, though she was fully capable of building her own. Russia had ships built from Britain, Germany, France and the US. The Russian navy was based on conscription at 7 years with 3 years of reserve.  The IJN combined fleet was led by Vice-Admiral Heihachiro Togo. The two divided squadrons of the Russian Pacific Fleet were commanded overall by Admiral Oskar Ludvig Stark. The Main Russian squadron was in Port Arthur and the other cruiser squadron was at Vladivostok under the command of Admiral Nikolai Skrydlov. Port Arthur offered some shore artillery battery defense, though it was underfunded due to divestments for the development of Dalny, and its dry dock capabilities were quite limited compared to that of Sasebo. The Russians were bluffing the Japanese while continuing the strengthen their position in the far east. But the Japanese would not wait for them to do so.   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Kaiser Wilhelm II had egged his cousin Tsar Nicholas II into facing against the Empire of Japan. Little did the Russian Tsar know, but he was about to send his nation to their doom, for the Japanese had done their homework and were determined to rid Manchuria of the Russian menace

Last time we spoke about the origins of the Big Sword Society and the invulnerability technique known as the Armor of the Golden Bell. China was certainly no stranger to sects and martial art groups. The Big Sword Society rose up to counteract the rebels and bandits that plagued parts of China like good old Shandong province. However when Christian missionaries began to get involved in the mix things got ugly quick. Bandits would exploit the conversion to christianity to protect themselves from justice. The Big Sword Society had been largely successful combating bandits, but when it came to matters involving the church they were powerless. Finally enough was enough and now the Big Swords were tussling with the Christians, truly raising hell. Yet for now the Big Swords averted fatalities and limited their attacks to property, but what would happen if they turned up the heat?    #58 The Juye Incident & Scramble for China   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. The story of Pang Sangjie and the minor skirmish between the Big Sword Society and Church was quite minor. French Jesuits reported two main mission residence at Daitaolou and Houjiazhuang were attacked alongside Christian homes in over 16 villages. The church settled the losses with local Qing officials for only 2000 strings of cash on June 26th, before the final battle had occurred. The Germans in Shandong submitted their report which amounted to petty vandalism to chapels in 17 villages and the burning of 119 rooms in Xue-Jonglou. For this they received 12,020 strings of cash. There were no Christian casualties during the entire conflict either Chinese or foreign. The Big Swords got rowdy, targeted the property of the Christians, but made sure not to take lives. If they had wanted to take lives, they easily could have as they demonstrated. The Qing authorities were too busy with another ongoings, there was a large Muslim rebellion raging in Gangsu and Shaanxi seeing General Dong Fuxiang with numerous forces going into the northwest. Thus the trouble of the Big Swords was pretty small in comparison.  But what if the Big Swords began killing Chinese christians, or some foreign missionaries? How would the church react, how would foreign nations react? We talked a lot about French Catholic missionaries, some protestant British and Americans, but another large group came from Germany. There were three missionaries working on behalf of the “Societas Verbi Divini” Society of the divine word. This was a catholic society founded in Steyl, Netherlands in 1875, which drew mostly German priests into its ranks. When Otto von Bismarck came into power, there was a conflict known as die Kulturkampf, basically the church wanted clerical control over education and ecclesiastical appointment. Otto von Bismarck and other enlightenment minded leaders sought a separation of church and state and this led to countless priests fleeing places like Germany. In 1882 the Society began sending missionaries to Shandong province. Three German missionaries working on behalf of the society of the divine wind, George Stenz, Richard Henle and Francis Xavier Nies were at a missionary residence in Zhangjiazhuang in Juye county. This was the mission station of Stenz, it was around 25km west of Jining. The two other men had come to visit. Henle was quite discouraged because his work was going very slow, thus Stenz urged him to take a break. The three men did their best to raise their spirits on the evening of November 1st, 1897, the night of all saints day. They sang songs from their childhood as Stenz played his zither. They practiced the requiem for the following day. When they retired for the evening, Stenz gave up his own room to his two guests and moved over to the servants quarters. It was around 11pm, when suddenly shots rang out into the night, the courtyard was full of torches. A band of 20-30 armed men raced towards the missionary quarters. They charged the door to Stenz quarters which were unlocked as the priest had no reason to believe anything like an attack would occur. The mob grabbed Henle and Nies and hacked them to death. Apparently they realized neither were the local missionary, as the mob continued to ransack the building searching for Stenz. They checked the church, the missionary quarters and such, but they never checked the servants quarters. The christian villagers became aroused by the mob and raised their own mob to combat them, driving the assailants out. It was not certain who committed the murders, but people generally assumed it was the work of the Big Swords Society. So why the hell did all of this happen? Nine men were rounded up by Qing officials, these men were vagrants, the usual suspect types. Two of men of the nine were executed for the crime, but no one really believed they were guilty. Stenz certainly did not believe them to be the assailants, everything was done in haste, with little to no actual investigation. The governor Yuxian claimed that it was the work of a band of robbers, but there was no evidence of robbery, except for a few pieces of clothing being stolen from Stenz's room. Regardless, if it was a simple case of robbery, they would certainly have not resorted to murder, especially against foreign missionaries. It was certain, particularly to Stenz that this was a deliberate attack on German missionaries. Why might Stenz believe so, he had good reason to believe the residents of Juye would wish harm upon him and his colleagues.  Local villagers told Stenz, that Henle's failed work in the southern town of Yuncheng was the actual target of the attack. Henle had been interfering in lawsuits and made a few enemies. He apparently was a very difficult man to get along with, so much so, even his own christian congregations had revolted against him. However despite Henle's reputation, its more than likely Stenz that was the target of the attack. He was the resident missionary and the mob literally targeted his room. According to Stenz, he heard them screaming his name as they searched for him. Stenz was not very popular. He was a particularly militant member of the society of divine word. In his autobiography the very first line reads "On September 29, 1893, I received at Steyl the mission cross which was to be at once weapon and banner in my fight for the Kingdom of God." He was also a racist, and I do not mean by today's standards. When he first arrived to China, in Shanghai, he wrote a description of the people, it is as follows. “An entirely new world now opened before us. Crowds of slit-eyed Chinese swarmed about the harbor—prominent merchants in their rustling silks and poor coolies in ragged clothes that did not hide their filthy bodies. Confidence was not our first impression on reaching this gate of the Celestial Empire. Cunning, pride, and scorn flashed from the eyes that met our inquiring looks”. He often wrote about how lazy and procrastinating the Qing officials were and that the food was unpalatable in the nation. He was mortified when forced “to use two short pieces of stick” to eat. Its easy to say Stenz had a rough time adapting to life in China. His experience as a missionary in China was that of suffering and homesickness. He was trained prior to coming to China, but this training was designed to steel himself into a martyr. Indeed he alongside countless other missionaries were taught their deaths in the service of god were a sign of grace. Father Xavier while in China had written back home "More than once I have prayed to God for the grace of martyrdom, but most likely it will not be granted to me. My blood is not deemed red enough by God, and is still mingled with the dust of this earth." The oral history of the event, passed down by local villagers had Stenz and other missionaries interfering in lawsuits. In the case of Stenz he was also accused of raping 10 local women, and participating in christian theft. Though these claims could easily be false, it at least tells us what the locals thought of such a man. Stenz also gave his own oral account of the incident. In Stenz account he talks about how a few members of the White Lotus sect enrolled in his church from the village of Caojiazhuang. He refused the admission of the headman from that village, because he was accused of stealing and killing an ox from a neighboring village. This refusal lead to a lot of villagers becoming upset. Stenz recent converts were from some of the wealthiest families in that village and they began refusing to make normal contributions to village festivals such as paying for food for feasts. This led the other villagers to try and force the christians to pay, and they went to local Qing authorities to complain. Stenz became convinced it was all the work of the headman he refused and he believed that man joined the Big Swords to lead the attack on his mission. Given the previous instances of conflict between the church and Big Swords, such a explanation has merit. Perhaps the villagers sought revenge on the missionaries and went to the Big Swords for help or, perhaps they simply pretended to be members of the Big Swords. Regardless it seems clear, bandits were in their ranks. A story often told of this incident includes a former bandit named Liu Derun who apparently was seeking revenge against the Juye magistrate who had arrested and tortured his wife or daughter. To attack a missionary could bring about the end to the magistrates career. Regardless of why it all happened, it seemed certain to the church that they were indanger. The anti-christian conflicts that had occurred in the previous years were well known, and the involvement of the Big Sword Society also. All of this was seen as a godsend to the missionaries and the new German government. In 1897 Germany was an infant nation looking to flex her muscles on the world stage. Her economy was the largest in continental europe, she was emerging as Britain's rival in the world of trade. German's new position in China reflected her competition with Britain and she was becoming a force to be reckoned with. In 1890 the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank became the first non-British foreign bank in China. However, while German trade was thriving, her military capacity to expand her foreign markets were lackluster. This was also coming upon the time Alfred Mahan's “the influence of sea power upon history” had come out in 1890 which proscribed naked force to be employed to protect one's market in the age of imperialism. The German navy was the 5th largest in the world, far below her ranking in economics. Her navy was being developed by the legendary Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz backed by Kaiser Wilhelm II. A late 19th century navy required coaling stations, and for Tirpitz he desired one in China. Germany requested a lease for a naval base in China in October of 1895, and the following year Tirpitz scouted potential ports, and thought Jiaozhou Bay on the Shandong peninsula to be an excellent location. Jiaozhou held a deep water port, and was surrounded by mineral resources. Alongside this, German missionaries of the society of the divine word were operating in the region which was a large bonus. By November of 1896 Germany was determined to acquire Jiozhou and Heyking in Beijing, looking for any means necessary to grab them. When news came to Berlin on november 6th of 1897 of the murdered missionaries, Wilhelm was delighted “that a splendid opportunity had at last arrived”. The next day Wilhelm met with advisors and argued "It is the last chance for Germany to get a possession anywhere in Asia and to firm up our prestige which has dropped.... [N]o matter what it costs, we must not under any circumstances give up Kiaochow. It has a future for economic development as well as industry, a future which will be greater and more meaningful than Shanghai is today." Meanwhile back in China the Qing officials were as incompetent as usual. As was becoming typical of any incidents involving missionaries, the Zongli Yamen received news of the missionaries murders on November 7th from the German ambassador, before any local officials ever reported it. The Qing court immediately understood the dangerous situation, the Emperor realized Germany would use the situation to seize a harbor. The Emperor ordered governor of Shandong, Li Bingheng to be reprimanded for his incompetence, but on November 14th, German warships arrived at Jiaozhou bay. The local Qing garrison withdrew from the area, without firing a shot. Li Bingheng immediately reported the potential invasion to the Qing court urging them to fight the invaders ''Since they started the feud, we have no alternative but to resist.' He proposed they raise 5 additional companies of soldiers in Caozhou to drive the Germans out. However the Qing court rejected his proposal stating such recruits would be worthless in battle. The Qing court responded with this to Li "although the enemy has certainly acted arbitrarily, the court will definitely not mobilize its troops. The foreigners' actions rely entirely on power. If our power cannot assure victory, we will absorb a great loss." They were not wrong in this regard, do remember they literally just lost a war against Japan. The Qing navy was shattered, the imperial treasury was on the verge of bankruptcy already paying indemnities to Japan, how could China resist Germany at this time? One thing the Qing court understood was the balance of power theory. Europe was divided and all competing in China. When Japan claimed the Liaodong peninsula, the triple intervention of Russia, France and Germany had occurred. The Qing court expected Russia to yet again intervene against the Germans now, hell Russia had also shown desires for Jiaozhou bay. However the Qing did not know Wilhelm had been talking to Tsar Nicholas, convincing him to take Port Arthur and Dalien, while Germany could seize Jiaozhou. You have probably heard of the great scramble for Africa during the late 19th century. This involved multiple world powers literally scrambling to seize colonies in Africa, well this situation was also occurring in China. You may have seen a famous painting by the Artist H. Meyer, depicting China as a pie being carved up by the leaders of the great powers. There is a description of the painting which helps greatly for a audio podcast haha “En Chine: Le gâteau des Rois et... des Empereurs” Le Petit Journal Supplément Illustré, January 16, 1898 Artist: H. Meyer “In this French rendering, Queen Victoria glares at the German Kaiser, while the Russian, French, and Japanese figures look pensively at China. The Kaiser stabs his knife into the German-leased territory Jiaozhou (Kiao-Tcheou) in Shandong, acquired in 1898, while the Russian Tsar puts his fists on Port Arthur (the Chinese port of Lüshun, leased in 1897). The caption reads: “China: The cake of Kings and Emperors.” The Germans had long been seeking a port on the Chinese coast, and the Juye incident was a perfect pretext to grab Jiaozhou. On November 6th Kaiser Wilhem sent a telegram to the Tsar stating “sending a German squadron to Jiaozhou, as it is the only port available to operate from as a base against marauders. I am under obligation to Catholic party in Germany to show that their missions are really safe under my protection”. For quite a while, the great powers had engaged in a sort of gunboat diplomacy with China, to compel her government to bring persecutors of Christianity to justice. However now Germany was taking things into her own hands to suppress anti christian activity on Chinese soil. This was quite a novel departure from what the great powers had been doing. Germany had been strong arming China for awhile now, back in October of 1895 the German minister threatened China after some disturbances in Yanzhou. The Qing had failed to act effectively to protect some Christians prompting the minister to say  "my government will have no alternative but to devise methods to protect them ourselves." This was the type of threat the Germans would continue to make and after the Juye incident the Germans demanded a guarantee. However the Qing as much as they wanted to avoid conflict could not guarantee anything, they replied areas like Caozhou were unruly in nature and impossible to guarantee 100% protection. Thus the minister now sent this message "Since China cannot guarantee that in the future such incidents will not recur, our warships are in Jiaozhou and can help you handle the matter." The Qing responded with this "this concerns the internal affairs of China, you need not interfere in it." On December 16th, Wilhelm made a speech and sent his brother in command of an additional squadron to China “Make it clear to every European there, to the German merchant, and, above all things, to the foreigner in whose country we are or with whom we have to deal, that the German Michael has set his shield, decorated with the imperial eagle, firmly upon the ground. Whoever asks him for protection will always receive it.... But if any one should undertake to insult us in our rights or wish to harm us, then drive in with the mailed fist and, as God wills, bind about your young brow the laurels which no one in the entire German Empire will begrudge you. “ So yeah, the kaiser meant business. The Germans pushed extremely hard upon the Qing forcing them to do some pretty extraordinary things. The Qing agreed to construct new cathedrals in Jining and Caozhou where the missionaries were killed and the funds would be coming from their pockets. They were forced to put inscriptions over the doors of the new cathedrals reading "Catholic church constructed by imperial order." On top of this they were forced to build new residences for missionaries in Yutai, Cao, Chengwu, Shan, Yuncheng, Heze and Juye. Five magistrates from those countries were dismissed, one was impeached, a daotai was transferred, and a army commander was also dismissed. Governor Li Bingheng was supposed to be receiving a promotion, viceroyship over Sichuan, but instead he was stripped of his promotion and demoted two grades down. Li Binghengs punishment was largely a result of his anti christian behaviors. The Germans pointed out that in the wake of the Big Sword Society causing troubles in 1896, Li Bingheng had made statements like "Ever since the Western religion came to China, its converts have all been unemployed rascals [xiu-min, lit.: weed people]. They use the foreign religion as protection to bring suits for others and oppress their villages. They use the Church to avoid prosecution, and gradually the local officials, to avoid trouble, bend the law in their favor. After a while the people's long-suppressed anger becomes unbearable. They feel the officials cannot be relied upon, and that they must vent their spleen in private disputes. Thus they gather crowds and seek quarrels, burning and destroying churches." Li Bingheng proposed prohibiting missionary interference in lawsuits, so that local Qing officials could do their job. This all obviously angered the Germans, who complained to Beijing about him.  Now for the common people of Shandong, Li Bingheng was quite loved. Li Bingheng was seen as an honest man and rather good at administrating economic affairs. He managed yellow river works that saved over a million taels in 1895, raised money for the board of revenue about 100,000 per year. While he was seen as anti christian, he also was seen as an uncorrupt official, something quite rare in the late Qing dynasty. The German move was met with exhilaration by other great powers. Sir Claude McDonald, the minister to Beijing from Great Britain said "The effect on the security of our own people will be of the best. It seems hopeless to expect the Chinese to do their duty in protecting missionaries and discouraging anti-foreign movements unless they are forced thereto by some measure as the Germans have taken." An American missionary working in northwestern Shandong named Henry Porter said "the German Government deserve the admiration of all right-minded men, the world over. A great sense of relief was felt by the foreign residents of China. .. . The immediate effect throughout Shantung province is to strengthen every form of mission work.. .. We welcome the German vigor and the German advance." And of course such people were ecstatic about Germany flexing its arms in China, the Big Sword Society had ruffled many feathers. Getting rid of Li Bingheng was seen as a major play to increase conversions in Shandong. Indeed there was a dramatic change with Li Bingheng gone and a German squadron present. A missionary working in Qingzhou reported the proclamations made by the new governor, Zhang Ru-mei to be "much more favorable to the missionary than anything we have been accustomed to in times past." Another missionary working in Wei county reported "The most marked effect we see is the prestige [the Jiaozhou seizure] gives to the foreigners, a prestige that is pitiful to see. The officials seem for the time being to stand in abject fear of any complications with foreigners."  The Germans were pushing the envelope, after the Juye incident, German missionaries got into the habit of placing blame on the Big Sword Society for any difficulties that came about. It was clear to all what they were doing, Governor Zhang Ru-mei remarked "They wish to stir up trouble in this way and let the German troops enter the interior." Local Qing officials began bending over backwards to Christians and lawsuits got worse and worse. Zhang Ru-mei gave an example of one bad situation that arose in the village of Wenshang. There was a dispute over the rights to a village temple, and a Christian had been assaulted. A German missionary sent a message to the magistrate stating the Christian had been killed, prompting the magistrate to rush to the scene to find the man had only light injuries. Nonetheless the magistrate prepared a list of 20 people guilty of the crime and they were forced to kneel and beg for forgiveness before converting to christianity. The German missionary praised the 20 chinese who he called good people, then he stated none of them should be prosecuted as he pulled out his own list with 5 other guilty chinese villagers. The 5 were forced to pay a sum of around 170 strings of cash. Then the same missionary demanded the village as a whole be fined 900 strings of cash. The magistrate anxious to be rid of the situation, increased the sum and added a banquet to be made for the missionary.  So as you can see the church was really abusing this situation. The protestant missionaries in the region were quite jealous, one of their missionaries went on to say "The influence of the Catholic persuasion is felt in nearly all parts of the field. Multitudes are flocking to them for the sake of 'help' in various forms, chiefly for the 'power' that is supposed to reside in them more than in the Protestant." The Kaiser famously was quoted to say “hundreds of thousands of Chinese would feel the iron first of Germany heavy on their necks”. Indeed Germany humiliated China and received a lease of Jiaozhou bay from 1898 that would last until 1920. 50 kms of the Jiaozhou bay area was proclaimed a neutral zone in which Chinese sovereignty was limited in favor of the Germans. Germany did not stop there, they immediately went to work grabbing mining and railway concessions within Shandong province. The scramble for concessions was on. Germany seized influence over Shandong; Russia seized influence over Northern Manchuria, Mongolia and Xinjiang; France seized Yunnan, most of Guangxi and Guangdong; Japan seized Fujian; Britain seized influence over the whole of the Yangtze river valley and Italy requested Zhejiang province and was rejected by the Qing government haha. I always loved that aspect of this, despite China literally being torn apart, Italy was still seen to be too small to grab a piece, get rekt.  The Kaiser's actions had reinforced China's fears about missionaries, or as many of the locals called them “devils”. In common Chinese believed the missionaries were working on behalf of their respective governments as a pretext for seizing territory in China. To the common Chinese things looked like things were getting wildly out of hand. The Christian converts were becoming not only more numerous, but had extravagant demands. In one famous case a Christian agricultural worker forced his non christian employer to serve him a feast. Over in Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi bitterly resented hearing these reports and would go on to say “These Chinese Christians are the worst people in China. They rob the poor country people of their land and property, and the missionaries, of course, always protect them, in order to get a share themselves.” It was truly a problem, it was breaking the social fabric of village life. Chinese christians were barred from traditional ceremonies and festivals in their own villages and more crucially they no longer had to share the costs of them. They were not allowed to practice ancestor worship which was a fundamental aspect of Chinese society. As one Qing scholar using the pen name Wen Ching put it “As soon as a man becomes a Christian he really ceases to be a Chinaman”. It was commonly believed many only converted because they were too poor to afford food and were disparagingly referred to as “rice Christians”.  Empress Dowager Cixi asked a foreign diplomat at one point “Why don't these missionaries stay in their own country and be useful to their own people?” At the time she made this remark there was over 700,00 Catholic converts ministered by more than 850 nuns and priests, mostly from France. Another 85,000 protestant Chinese were under the guidance of 2800 missionaries, mostly from Britain and America. As Ron Burgundy once said “boy that escalated quickly”. China was being carved up, her social fabric was being torn apart, foreign powers were bearing their boots down upon her, who could come to her rescue?  I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. China was literally being carved up by the great powers of the globe. The Kaiser had ushered in a scramble, and now China braced itself for further humiliation. Was there anyone who could save China for the foreign menace? 

Welcome to Top Landing Gear Full Flaps and the second part of our interview with Tony Hoskins who is restoring a rare photo reconnaissance Spitfire PR4 to full flight. Back in 2018 Tony and his team recovered the wreckage of Spitfire AA810 from a mountainside in Norway where it had laid undisturbed for 76 years having been shot down on a mission to photograph the battleship Tirpitz. The pilot Sandy Gunn bailed out but was later captured and sent to Stalug Luft III to become one of those immortalised in The Great Escape. Tony's aim is that 810 should become a flying memorial to the men and woman of the Photograph Reconnaissance Unit during World War Two. And as well as restoring the aircraft is campaigning to have a permanent monument to the PRU erected in London. We visited Tony at Airframe Assemblies on the Isle of Wight where 810 is being painstakingly restored. In this episode we take you around the workshop where you can hear how the restoration is taking shape. If you missed last weeks episode, please listen back to part one as Tony talks us through his ambitions for the project and the fascinating story of a very rare Spitfire and it's pilot.  Please visit to https://www.spitfireaa810.co.uk to find out more and  how you can support this incredible project. You can also purchase Tony's wonderful book ‘Sandys Spitfire', order signed prints of the aircraft or even have your name  engraved forever on the engine cowling HERE

Welcome to Top Landing Gear Full Flaps and the first part of our interview with Tony Hoskins who is restoring a rare photo reconnaissance Spitfire PR4 to full flight. Back in 2018 Tony and his team recovered the wreckage of Spitfire AA810 from a mountainside in Norway where it had laid undisturbed for 76 years having been shot down on a mission to photograph the battleship Tirpitz. The pilot Sandy Gunn bailed out but was later captured and sent to Stalug Luft III to become one of those immortalised in The Great Escape. Tony's aim is that 810 should become a flying memorial to the men and woman of the Photograph Reconnaissance Unit during World War Two. And as well as restoring the aircraft is campaigning to have a permanent monument to the PRU erected in London. We visited Tony at Airframe Assemblies on the Isle of Wight where 810 is being painstakingly restored. In Part Two we'll take you around the workshop where you can hear how the restoration is taking shape. Here in part one Tony talks us through his ambitions for the project and the fascinating story of a very rare Spitfire and it's pilot.  Please visit to https://www.spitfireaa810.co.uk to find out more and  how you can support this incredible project. You can also purchase Tony's wonderful book ‘Sandys Spitfire', order signed prints of the aircraft or even have your name  engraved forever on the engine cowling HERE

John S. Jamtli er serietegner og forfatter, og står bak en rekke tegneserier som Dass, og i samarbeid med Aleksander Kirkwood Brown har han laget "Magnus Carlsen og Sjakkmorderen" og "Norges Ninjakommandør". Han står bak Sabotør-serien, med titler som "Operasjon Muskedunder" - som ga ham Pondusprisen i 2019, såvel som "Sabotør: I Skyggen av Tirpitz" og "Sabotør: en røverhistorie fra krigsårene", og er nå klar med neste bok i serien: "Sabotør: Tungtvannsaksjonen". Vi snakker om arbeide med historisk kildemateriale, om manus, tegning, om finansiering og lansering - samt om kunstig intelligens som arbeidsverktøy.

Jason gives you a quick overview of Arctic Convoys in World War II.Read the essay here: https://historywiththeszilagyis.org/hwts167 Find us on Twitter: The Network: @BQNPodcasts The Show: @HistorySzilagyi. Chrissie: @TheGoddessLivia. Jason: @JasonDarkElf.Send topic suggestions via Twitter or on our Facebook page History with the Szilagyis.History with the Szilagyis is supported by our patrons: Susan Capuzzi-De ClerckEd ChinevereLaura DullKris HillJoin these wonderful supporters by visiting patreon.com/historywiththeszilagyis. The BQN Podcast Collective is brought to you by our listeners. Special thanks to these patrons on Patreon whose generous contributions help to produce this podcast and the many others on our network! You can join this illustrious list by becoming a patron here: https://www.patreon.com/BQN

El acorazado Tirpitz fue uno de los barcos más poderosos de la Flota de Alto Mar de Alemania durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Fue construido en el astillero de Wilhelmshaven entre 1936 y 1939 y se convirtió en el acorazado más grande del mundo en ese momento, con una eslora de 251 metros y una tonelaje de 42.000 toneladas.El Tirpitz fue utilizado principalmente para llevar a cabo operaciones de bloqueo en el Atlántico Norte durante la guerra, y también participó en la invasión de Noruega en 1940.

Illugi Jökulsson segir frá afdrifaríkri loftárás á þýska orrustuskipið Tirpitz sem metsöluhöfundurinn Alistair MacLean tók þátt í. MacLean var á sínum tíma einn vinsælasti spennusagnahöfundur í heimi og alltént hér á Íslandi.

Il nostro canale Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1vziHBEp0gc9gAhR740fCwSostieni DENTRO LA STORIA su Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/dentrolastoriaAbbonati al canale: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1vziHBEp0gc9gAhR740fCw/joinUna delle corazzate piu' leggendarie che abbiano mai solcato gli oceani, la Bismarck, varata nel 1939, nuovo concetto di nave da battaglia, con tecnologie per l'epoca all'avanguardia, famosa per la battaglia dell'Atlantico che porto' all'affondamento della HMS Hood, una delle navi da guerra piu' grandi e gloriose al mondo, e, successivamente oggetto di una caccia spietata da parte della Royal Navy britannica, desiderosa di vendicare l'affondamento di una delle sue navi piu' prestigiose.Diventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/racconti-di-storia-podcast--5561307/support.

Mit dieser Folge fangen wir damit an, gelegentlich mal in Andreas' Garage zu blicken und über die Fahrzeuge zu reden, die darin vor sich hin... äh... warten.Diesmal: der Mercedes W140 (diese S-Klasse mit den Peilstäben).Hörtipp: Alte Schule über "Ein H-Kennzeichen für die Millionen-S-Klasse" See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

El año de 1936 vio nacer a dos acorazados espectaculares en los astilleros de la Alemania nacionalsocialista, el Bismarck y su hermana gemela el Tirpitz. Ambos serían los primeros y últimos navíos de tal magnitud construidos y completados por los nazis, y sus historias marcarían el final de la era de los acorazados alemanes. ¡Bienvenidos, historiadores! Estamos estrenando un nuevo video de Máquinas de Guerra.Hoy nos adentramos a las gélidas aguas del norte de Europa para descubrir la historia del acorazado alemán Tirpitz. Así que leven anclas que nos haremos a la mar con este mítico barco ¡Únete a nuestro Patreon para obtener beneficios increíbles y ayudarnos a crecer! https://www.patreon.com/hchistoriacon... --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/hc-historia-contemporanea/message

Vi snakker med forfatteren Roger Albrigtsen om hans siste bok om krigsseilere fra Nordland og hva som utløste forfatterskapet og nysgjerrigheten på menneskeskjebner i en dramatisk tid. Roger er et ekte Nordkalottprodukt, født på Harstad sykehus, oppvokst i Bogen i Ofoten og bor og arbeider i Lakselv i Porsanger. En av hans forfedre, Abraham Lindgren, kom gående over fjellet og slo seg ned på Fjellbu i 1812. Så røttene strekker seg også til birkarler, Tornedalen og Jokkmokk. Interessen for krigshistorie fikk han tidlig når farfar fortalte om den gang slagskipet Tirpitz måtte vike for oldefaren som var ute og dorget etter småsei. I studio: Roger Albrigtsen og Trond Blomlie.

The Full Broadside - a podcast about World of Warships Episode 64 - This week in our Premium Ship Showcase we talk Tirpitz, then talk some upcoming additions to the game we all love so much. Enjoy the show! Come hang out with the Wolfpack on our discord and interact with us during the show via our chatroom: https://discord.gg/GqN2vJG Check out our clan streamer here: Follow NightmarePhoenix on his at https://www.twitch.tv/nitemarephoenix Email the show at: thefullbroadside@gmail.com Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/1fullbroadside Support us on Patreon by clicking this link: https://patreon.com/thefullbroadside --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/thefullbroadside/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thefullbroadside/support

Titulamos con una de las más osadas operaciones ejecutadas por los comandos británicos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial: la Operación Chariot, que pretendía destruir el dique seco de Saint-Nazaire, el único capaz de albergar uno de los acorazados más temidos del ejército alemán, el Tirpitz. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

In 1942 the British were fighting for control of the Atlantic Ocean.  If they lost this battle they would starve and be put out of the war.  German submarines were pushing the British to their limits and they could ill afford to have the German battleship Tirpitz sortie into the Atlantic and join the fight. To stop this from happening the British determined the best way to neutralize the Tirpitz was to destroy the only dry dock on the Atlantic coast that was large enough to accommodate the battleship should it take damage fighting on the open ocean. The Great Raid of All is the the story of how a small force of British sailors and commandos sailed under the noses of the Germans and destroyed the Normandie dry dock in Saint Nazaire.

Bunker gehören an den Stränden der dänischen Westküste dazu. Sie sind während der deutschen Besatzung Dänemarks entstanden. Die großen Blöcke aus Stahl und Beton erinnern bis heute an eine dunkle Zeit, über die uns John Jensen, Kurator beim Varde Museum in dieser Folge mehr erzählt.

This week's stories take us from the attempts to sink the Tirpitz, through a tale of survival straight out of Das Boot, to life through a child's eyes in occupied Holland and on to an Arctic convoy with a dark secret.A Goalhanger Films productionProduced by Harry Lineker Exec Producer: Tony PastorTwitter: #WeHaveWays @WeHaveWaysPodWebsite: www.wehavewayspod.comEmail: wehavewayspodcast@gmail.com See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! Esta es la historia de la Clase Bismark. Esta se compone de dos acorazados: el Bismark y el Tirpitz. Fueron los mayores buques de guerra construidos por la armada alemana y dos de los buques capitales más pesados botados por cualquier armada europea. Su sola presencia hacía que la flota británica se movilizase completamente en el Mar del Norte y, en el caso del Tirpitz, ganó muchas batallas sin necesidad de salir del puerto. Con Antonio Gómez y Dani CarAn, abrimos este nuevo spin-off de Casus Belli, Barcos-10, que por el momento alternaremos con su hermano Aviones-10. Búscanos en casusbelli.top Y también en: Facebook, nuestra página es @casusbellipodcast https://www.facebook.com/CasusBelliPodcast Telegram, nuestro canal es @casusbellipodcast https://t.me/casusbellipodcast Nuestro chat de aviones es https://t.me/aviones10 Twitter, como @casusbellipod https://twitter.com/CasusBelliPod Pinterest, como @casusbellipod, https://es.pinterest.com/casusbellipod ¿Queréis contarnos algo? También puedes escribirnos a casus.belli.pod@gmail.com Si te ha gustado, y crees que nos lo merecemos, nos sirve mucho que nos des un like, que es el corazoncito que sale en el episodio en el móvil arriba a la derecha, si nos escuchas desde la app de ivoox, sea android o IOS. Muchas gracias por escucharnos, y hasta la próxima. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

En este documental se examinará "el propio camuflaje de la naturaleza": la niebla. La niebla puede descender rápidamente y sin aviso en un campo de batalla y, supuestamente, cambiar el entorno por completo. Lo que hace sólo unos minutos era visible, desaparece bajo un velo blanco, convirtiendo la certeza en especulación. Conoceremos el efecto que la niebla tuvo en batallas como la de Austerlitz en 1805. También, cómo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la niebla ayudó a la famosa "Operación Cerberus": tres buques de guerra alemanes consiguieron cruzar el Canal de la Mancha, ante toda la flota británica, sin ser vistos; o cómo el acorazado alemán Tirpitz se benefició de los bancos de niebla que lo ocultaron durante su travesí­a, así­ como el papel crucial que desempeñó la niebla en la Batalla del Bulge en 1944.

Today we have episode 5 of our Iconic Ships mini-series in which a curator of a historic ship makes a case for their ship being iconic, or a historian takes a ship from history but which sadly no longer survives and make a case for that ship being iconic. Today we have none other than HMS Belfast. Moored today just upstream of Tower Bridge, Belfast is a true icon of the London skyline and Thames riverscape.A Royal Navy 'Town Class' Light Cruiser, Belfast was launched in 1938; she played a crucial role in blockading Germany at the start of the war, operating from Scapa Flow in Orkney; became part of a naval strike force base in Rosyth; took part in the Battle of the North Cape in 1943, in which the German battleship Scharnhorst was tracked down and sunk; took part in the operation against Germany's last surviving capital ship, the Tirpitz; and she is is one of only three remaining vessels from the bombardment fleet which supported the Normandy landings on DDay in June 1944. The case for Belfast being 'iconic' is made by Robert Rumble, lead curator of HMS Belfast at London's Imperial War Museum. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The Pacific War Speakeasy Podcast

Subscribe to the podcast!https://podfollow.com/everythingeverywhere/   In 1942, two and a half years into the Second World War, the British were facing a problem. While the British Navy mostly commanded the Atlantic, the Germans had one significant advantage. The battleship Tirpitz, the largest European military warship ever created at that time.  Rather than attack the Tirpitz head-on, which could be quite costly, they came up with an alternate plan which would effectively limit the effectiveness of the battleship. Learn more about The St. Nazaire Raid, the most daring and audacious raid of World War II, on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Check out the geat at: Scottevest.com -------------------------------- Associate Producer Thor Thomsen   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere   Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh   Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/EEDailyPodcast/ Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/

Den portugisiske forfatteren Fernando Pessoa er særlig kjent for «Uroens bok», der han skildrer storheten i et enkelt hverdagsliv. Med utgangspunkt i Pessoa og hans verk samtaler Ingrid Storholmen og Arild Vange om jegets grenser og sjangergrenser. Storholmen tar for seg Pessoas biografi og «Uroens bok» og knytter an til sin egen siste roman «Støvberar». Vange forteller om Pessoas betydning for de sjangerutprøvende bøkene «improvisasjon person» og «Livet i luftene. Fortelling. Sang». Det blir også opplesning fra forfatternes bøker. Ingrid Storholmen debuterte i 2001 med Krypskyttarloven, har deretter skrevet flere diktsamlinger. Av romaner er hun kjent for Tsjernobylfortellinger (2009), Her lå Tirpitz (2014) og Støvberar (2020). Storholmen er blitt tildelt Sultprisen, Bohandlernes forfatterstipend og Tanums kvinnestipend. Arild Vange debuterte i 1990 med romanen Ene og alene og har dessuten skrevet åtte diktsamlinger, blant annet improvisasjon person (2013), og prosaboka Livet i luftene. Fortelling. Sang (2018), som han fikk NTNUs litteraturpris for. Vange er også kjent som gjendikter og oversetter. Dette er et innslag i serien «Grenser». Se hele programmet, og les mer om serien her: https://litteraturhusetitrondheim.no/grenser/

The Nazi's last big ship was the Tirpitz and after is was destroyed Germany no longer had a Navy.

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! De clase King George V, este buque de 40000 toneladas de desplazamiento iba a tener mejor suerte, y mayor gloria que alguno de sus hermanos, como el tristemente conocido Prince Of Walles. Tendría una eslora de 227 metros con una manga de 31,40. Su blindaje llegaría hasta los 373 mm en el cinturón. Su armamento principal sería de 10 cañones de 355 mm en 3 torretas, 2x4 y 1x2, un armamento secundario compuesto de 16 torretas de 133 milímetros y varios cañones antiaéreos pom-pom de 40 mm Su velocidad sería de 28 nudos, y dispondría de 4 hidroaviones de reconocimiento. Botado a principios del 40,se le asigno a la Home Fleet, y fue el encargado de intentar dar caza al Tirpitz desde el 42. Pero su presa fue otra, y tuvo que esperar al finales del año 43, cuando llegaron a emboscar al Scharnhorst en la Batalla del Cabo Norte. Este buque, tal vez como venganza del hundimiento del Prince of Walles, fue el representante británico en la rendición de Japón. Esta es la historia del King George V, el verdugo del Scharnhorst, contada por @antogom1 Búscanos en http://casusbelli.top Y también en: Facebook, nuestra página es @casusbellipodcast https://www.facebook.com/CasusBelliPodcast Telegram, nuestro canal es @casusbellipodcast https://t.me/casusbellipodcast Nuestro chat de aviones es https://t.me/aviones10 Twitter, como @casusbellipod https://twitter.com/CasusBelliPod Pinterest, como @casusbellipod, https://es.pinterest.com/casusbellipod ¿Queréis contarnos algo? También puedes escribirnos a casus.belli.pod@gmail.com Si te ha gustado, y crees que nos lo merecemos, nos sirve mucho que nos des un like, que es el corazoncito que sale en el episodio en el móvil arriba a la derecha, si nos escuchas desde la app de iVoox, sea Android o IOS. Muchas gracias por escucharnos, y hasta la próxima. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

iChase joins the podcast crew on a momentous day. All four of us received the Hood and Kaga to test mere hours before the podcast and we share our first impressions of the initial work in progress ship iterations. We hope for some Hood buffs and are floored by how good the Kaga is. Following that, we talk about our initial impressions of the French Cruisers on live, and the changes to the Tirpitz secondaries and Des Moines deck armor. Check out iChase on YouTube and Twitter Support us on Patreon and win WoWS swag!

By the last week in March 1942, the German battleship Tirpitz was in need of repair. The British commandos had achieved their objective in the raid on the St. Nazaire dry dock.

Kirsty Young's castaway is the veteran RAF pilot Tony Iveson.Aged 21, he survived being shot down in his Spitfire over the North Sea during his first taste of combat in the Battle of Britain. Unusually for a fighter pilot, he then went on to join Bomber Command and the famous Dambusters squadron, sinking the German battleship The Tirpitz and winning a Distinguished Flying Cross. Aged 89 he returned to the skies, becoming the oldest man to fly a Lancaster bomber: "Well, I got out of that aeroplane and looked at it and it and thought how did we do it?" he says. "I know it was a long time ago and I was young and fit and a professional flier. But I thought about some of my friends who had been lost and it was an emotional experience." Record: Albinoni's Adagio in G Minor Book: A volume of Somerset Maugham's short stories Luxury: Two established vines and a tin bath to make wine Producer: Rachel Simpson.