Podcasts about Westphalia

Here is a recap of Day 1 of the 2026 Route Inspection. Our day started in Onawa, we then visited Turin, Soldier, Dunlap (Meeting Town), Earling, Westphalia and ended our day in Harlan. We biked about 60 miles and experienced a total elevation of about 3,500 feet of climbing today! With us on this episode is fellow Ride Inspector Scott Matter from the Dream Team. Be sure to catch up with the JustGoBike Podcast daily reports on each day of the RAGBRAI Inspection Ride! Co-hosts AP and Murph will fill you in on the ups and downs of the route, news and highlights from the RAGBRAI LIII communities, interviews with fellow Route Inspectors, and more! Registration for RAGBRAI LIII: www.ragbrai.com Watch, or listen on our Just Go Bike YouTube channel. https://www.youtube.com/@JustGoBikePodcast Have a topic for a future episode? Message us at justgobikepodcast@gmail.com.

America: Secret Wars Season 2 kicks off with Trevor, Roberto, and Ben discussing current events in the 2026 Iran-Israel-US War. We talked a lot about the foreseeable consequences of the conflict, it's place in history, and a relatively long tangent about Muppets to break up the darkness.The History of Saqartvelo Georgia https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/historysaqartvelogeorgiaTsar Power https://tsarpowerpod.weebly.com/Quest for Power https://quest-for-power.captivate.fm/Wittenberg to Westphalia https://wittenbergtowestphaliapodcast.weebly.com/Why Tho? A Personal Journey Through my Record Collection https://shows.acast.com/why-tho-podcastStep Back - the Iran war is SO much worse than you think - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ovd33yfxoPkLiveUAMap - https://iran.liveuamap.com/Street Gang: The Complete History of Sesame Street - https://bookshop.org/p/books/street-gang-the-complete-history-of-sesame-street-michael-davis/c168ea5e423e65c9?ean=9780143116639&next=t

11. Gregory Copley explores the evolution of nation-states and modern imperialism since the Treaty of Westphalia. He argues that almost all modern states are products of empire. Copley warns that globalist "no borders" movements are utopianist and ignore the geographic realities of sovereign security and survival. 111910 PALACE OF WESTMINSTER

SCHEDULE THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 4-21-26. 1932 OTTAWA PARLIAMENT HILL1. Elizabeth Peek analyzes Kevin Warsh's nomination for Federal Reserve Chairman. The primary tension involves balancing Trump's demand for lower interest rates with Warsh's reputation as an inflation hawk. Warsh aims to reform Fed communications and reduce market noise while protecting the economy from rising inflation. 12. Elizabeth Peek discusses the Democratic Party's interest in Mamdani, comparing him to a younger, male version of AOC. She critiques his fiscal policies and progressive stance on Israel. Peek argues that while he appeals to urban blue states, his platform may fail to resonate with voters elsewhere. 23. Jonathan Schanzer reports on tenuous ceasefire negotiations in Islamabad led by JD Vance. While the US maintains an oil blockade, Iran's leadership remains fragmented over potential nuclear and missile concessions. Schanzer believes the US holds a medium-term advantage through sustained economic pressure on the Islamic Republic. 34. Jonathan Schanzer analyzes historic direct talks between Israel and Lebanon regarding border disputes. The Lebanese government seeks peace, but the survival of Hezbollah remains a major obstacle. Schanzer argues that true stability requires the full dismantlement of the Iranian-backed group through military or diplomatic means. 45. Mary Kissel critiques the State Department's bureaucratic inefficiency while managing multiple global crises. She discusses the unconventional diplomacy of Jared Kushner and JD Vance. Kissel warns that the Iran conflict is complex and may require months of sustained economic and military pressure to reach a resolution. 56. Mary Kissel highlights Ukraine's fear of losing Western attention to the Middle East. She notes Ukraine's emerging defense exports but criticizes US oil sanctions waivers for Russia. Kissel also addresses the Progressive Alliance in Barcelona, which advocates for a "no borders" new world order. 67. Joseph Sternberg discusses JD Vance's disappointment after Victor Orbán lost the Hungarian election. He also previews UK local elections where Nigel Farage's Reform UK party is gaining ground. Sternberg warns that local governance issues like potholes could eventually alienate Farage's core base of new voters. 78. Joseph Sternberg details the scandal surrounding Prime Minister Keir Starmer and the appointment of Lord Mandelson. Allegations involve Mandelson's ties to Jeffrey Epstein and failed vetting processes. Despite widespread unpopularity, Starmer remains in power because the Labor Party lacks a viable alternative leader to take control. 89. Gregory Copley describes the intractable situation in the Strait of Hormuz as ceasefire deadlines loom. He identifies IRGC leader Ahmed Vahidi as a hardliner who will not negotiate. Copley argues that only decisive military action against IRGC leadership can resolve the conflict and secure international waters. 910. Gregory Copley discusses a new geopolitical block involving Turkey, Syria, and Ukraine. This coalition, coordinated by Erdoğan, seeks to position Turkey as a central energy and food hub. The alliance serves as a regional power block potentially opposing the interests of the United States and Israel. 1011. Gregory Copley explores the evolution of nation-states and modern imperialism since the Treaty of Westphalia. He argues that almost all modern states are products of empire. Copley warns that globalist "no borders" movements are utopianist and ignore the geographic realities of sovereign security and survival. 1112. Gregory Copley details King Charles III's upcoming visit to the United States to honor its 250th anniversary. The King serves as a peacemaker, attempting to heal the rift between the US and the UK's Labor government. His presence aims to bolster Trump's international standing and calm tensions. 1213. Joe Truzman identifies Ashab al-Yamin, an Iranian front group conducting arson and IED attacks across Europe. These low-sophistication strikes target Jewish and Western institutions to distance Tehran from direct blame. Authorities struggle to respond as the group recruits petty criminals through the internet to execute missions. 1314. Sinan Ciddi examines Erdoğan's hostility toward Israel, which intensified after 2009. While Turkey maintains lucrative trade, Erdoğan uses anti-Israel rhetoric to secure domestic support. Turkey's material support for Hamas and Hezbollah undermines its credibility as a potential mediator for regional peace in the Middle East. 1415. John Hardie explains Ukraine's innovative drone technology, including long-distance interceptors operated via Starlink. Drones cause approximately 80% of Russian casualties and protect pilots by moving them from the front lines. However, Ukraine still faces a severe manpower shortage that drones cannot fully resolve on their own. 1516. Ahmad Sharawi outlines the first phase of the Iran-Gulf conflict, where Tehran targeted energy infrastructure and airports in nine Arab states. These asymmetrical attacks aimed to destroy regional stability and economic confidence. Proximity left the UAE and Kuwait particularly vulnerable to these Iranian-led strikes. 16

Friday in the Octave of Easter Saint of the Day: St. Paternus; Eleventh Century Irish/Scottish hermit; born either in Ireland or Scotland and joined a monastery; going to Westphalia, he was one of the first monks to enter the Abdinghof Monastery under the leadership of St. Meinwerk; Paternus lived as a hermit in one of the cells; such was his obedience to the vow of enclosure that when a fire erupted in 1058 and engulfed Abdinghof, he would not leave his cell, and so burned to death; he was much honored by St. Peter Damian Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 4/10/26 Gospel: John 21:1-14

Welcome to the first instalment of our special, pre-recorded Deep Dive series! Over the next four weeks, we are taking a step away from the weekly news cycle to analyse the foundational concepts of the international system and explore exactly how we arrived at the geopolitical chaos of 2026.This episode begins with a special audio essay narrated by our producer, Stefani, exploring how the liberal world order was built—and why it is now collapsing. From the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to the rise of Western transnational dominance, we break down the inherent hypocrisy of the "Westphalian Problem" and how the West's habit of soft-breaking territorial sovereignty has led to the current era of global anarchy.Following the essay, Dario and Balder sit down to unpack the reality of the international system. Why is a peace treaty from the 17th century still the ultimate organic rule of global politics today? They discuss the terrifying vacuum caught between revolution and anarchy, the collapse of transnational institutions, and why the "Western Bubble" has officially burst.Note to our listeners: This is Part 1 of a 4-part series on the international system. Next week, we will dive into the intellectual and philosophical foundations of this system. We will resume our regular weekly news analysis on the 4th of May.This podcast is an individual project between Dario Hasenstab and Balder Hageraats. We are supported by our producer Stefani Obradovic from Western Bubble Insights & Strategy. If you would like to get in touch with us, write us an email at thewesternbubble@gmail.com.

Hi there hello audient, how've you been?The end, they say, is near. Some say this end is the apocalypse.Others call it "a new Middle Ages" ..sorry, I mean "East". Some say 'end' with the meaning of goal - for example the goal of the war on Iran - and shift the definition of 'end' according to the means they can afford...War as capitalism in other means I guess.Due to the unfortunate combination of our illustrious MC being quite unwell, and Sagi having seemingly fallen down a particularly steep and slippery economico-theologico-geo-politico rabbit-hole-o - -                  ..it might have become a tad monological at times.The thread that starts us off concerns the "raw" nature, or feel, of this war. American liberals opine over Bush that bothered to lie at least; he spoke around the oil, not through it (or to it for that matter).But the political chaos of this war - the lack of inhibitions in doing, as Chancellor Merz says, "our dirty work" - does serve to expose a hand that prefers to remain invisible (Max Weber would say it has spiritual aspirations). And it also exposes a structure, and a problem, with a long, seldom discussed, history. The invisible hands of the "secular" west's global capitalism can be uncannily traced to the first Crusade in 1095; where a power-drunk Pope called for the destruction of the vile race that defiles the Holy Land (incidentally solving much internal strife and crime, as the first 70% of his speech suggest)...Seen in this more nuanced lens, this conflict was a long time coming. The seeming insanity of everything about this war, the feeling that no one is holding the Westphalian reins, leaves only the most ancient of hands to steer the course of events.But the real issue is one of Sovereignty - a secularized (Christian) theological concept based on their conception of 'God' (and the violence that this concept did to the Jewish 'Hashem'). This problem never stops rearing its head whenever Christians find themselves in conflict; the Eastern/Western Church schism, the Crusades that were used to "blow off steam" of intra-Christian aggression ("Go attack the heretic Muslim! (instead of robbing our clergy...) We must save the Holy Land!"), the way that an Other like itself (universalist, potentially Imperial, economically relevant) immediately conjures messianic fires in the religious (and supposedly "secular") world, aching for an apocalypse.The peace of Westphalia took all that religious animosity of yet another Christian schism (the Reformation), and channeled it inwards; classic Augustinian move. If "all" cannot resolve the problem of sovereignty - i.e. how to respect difference under a metaphysics that presupposes access to, and comprehension of, both God's totality and infinity. The very logic of Westphalia is already Protestant; access to God, to the Sovereign, was only further internalized by Luther who gave it to the "individual" believer, but the indivisible, absolute sovereignty of 'God' remains. Its claim remains; now in individual hearts that can snap at any moment, spontaneously, as if manifesting destiny.And this is the framework through which we read this conflict. Considering the westphalian system and the effects of forcing it on the Middle East, the reasons for which this system was forced and enforced in the first place (hint: it's not to bring any enlightenment, and certainly not democracy, to the yum yum oil-rich region), the fact that it caused a structurally antisemitic pressure that resulted in the solution of "Israel," its uncanny protection by 'western liberal democracies' (often blatantly double-standardized...), and also dissolve the nagging question of "does Israel have a right to exist"The rest is up to you, audient.Are you still there..?...

Darrell Castle talks about the war, declared by President Trump, against the nation of Iran. Does he have Constitutional authority to declare war; why would he do so; and what does it mean? Transcription / Notes PRESIDENT TRUMP DECLARES WAR AGAINST IRAN Hello, this is Darrell Castle with today's Castle Report. This is Friday the 6th day of March in the year of our Lord 2026. My beat is war today and war is obviously the most important story in the world right now as President Trump, unilaterally it seems, decided to make war against a nation that apparently had not harmed the U.S. and was not a threat to the U.S. Why then did President Trump do it. I'll give my thoughts on that but first let's look at what he did. The U.S. spent a few months building up forces in the Middle East region while negotiating or pretending to negotiate a settlement. The U.S. demands became increasingly more difficult for the Iranians to comply with including give up the use of peaceful nuclear power except for medical purposes. Surrender all enriched uranium that you currently possess and allow international inspection. Give up all offensive missiles and drones. Cease all support for your terrorist proxies across the region. Finally, you must change your head of state and give up your oppressive theocratic government. Well, those are some bitter pills for a sovereign country to swallow and some people believe they were designed to lure the Iranians into complacency while a serious attack was always the plan. The battle forces assembling in the region would have said to me were I head of state in Iran, prepare for serious war. I would have made defensive preparations such as moving my leadership and especially myself to a safe area. Iran didn't do that and with the Ayatollah's rejection of the peace proposal on Friday, he was dead within 24 hours. Once again, the U.S. war machine and the high-tech war fighting ability of the U.S. are amazing and a demonstration for the world. Two carrier battle groups including the largest warship in the world. Two hundred fighter jets which, by the way, cost $10,000 for each hour of flight operations so if they were all in the air at once which they often were, that's $2 million per hour. The last time I looked these figures up it cost about $25 million per day to keep a carrier battle group at sea and in-flight ops. Fifty thousand U.S. personnel, we are told, are currently engaged in combat. Six U.S. soldiers are known dead having been killed in Kuwait from an Iranian missile or drone strike. It seems that the Iranians misread he reactions of their neighbors because they reacted by attacking everyone in the region, thus driving the entire region into a military alliance with the U.S. The U.S. at the time of this recording has launched over 2000 sorties against Iran and the Iranians have fired over 500 missiles and over 2000 drones about 10% of which get through,.  Iran attacked U.S. bases and civilian targets in countries including Israel, The Gulf Arab States, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Iraq. Only one has been fired at Turkey even though the U.S. has bases in Turkey. These figures don't consider the Israeli attacks which were, of course supplied by the U.S. for the most part. The arrangement was apparently that Israel would attack command and control systems and assassinate personnel including the head of state while the U. S. attacked the ability of Iran to retaliate with missiles and drones. So, does the President of the United States have the Constitutional authority to take the nation to war. My short answer is no but ever since the Korean War the U.S has held the view that as Commander-in-Chief the President can constitutionally command the military to do what he wants but that is not my view and it was not the view of the founders. Commander-in-chief means that once war is declared by congress he runs it. Our system of government does not allow one individual to put the entire population at risk by unilaterally and individually making war. What about the War Powers Resolution passed in 1973 which gives the President authority to commit troops to battle anywhere in the world for 90 days without congressional approval. Anyway, he said he briefed the 8 leaders of congress known as the gang of 8. My opinion is that the War Powers Resolution is unconstitutional. No one seems to care anymore what that document says or what it means and very few want to be limited by its words. So, to prevent the restraint it requires, congress passed a resolution essentially amending it and as I said that is unconstitutional. However, I admit that the resolution is what he used and even though it is misused and misapplied it gives him a pretty good argument for unlimited power. Most in congress will no longer argue that the President does not have authority to do what he has done. So, having looked at what he did now we ask why he did it.  Part of the answer was the usual i.e. the Iranians are terrible people who arrest a protester and hang him the next day. Prison guards routinely rape virgin girls who are arrested by the moral police because they believe that when they murder the girls they will be barred from heaven. Most of the explanation he gave had to do with nuclear weapons. Although just a few months ago he “obliterated” their nuclear program they were, he said, rebuilding it. The International Atomic Energy Agency of the UN said that Iran was enriching to 60% and only nuclear armed countries did that. Iran was supplying the whole hostile world including Russia with drone and missile technology. My understanding is that Iran's hypersonic technology came from China. There is an elephant in the room that he did not mention and that is Israel. This entire war is so obviously at the behest of Israel that I can't understand why the U.S. is not a little humiliated by it. Netanyahu said publicly that what Israel and the U.S. are doing is something he has dreamed of doing for 40 years. The real reason diplomacy could not work was not any of the things listed but something Marco Rubio announced to reporters on Monday. “It was abundantly clear that if Iran came under attack by anyone, the United States or Israel, or anyone, they were going to respond and respond against the United States. We knew there was going to be an Israeli action, we knew that would precipitate an attack on American forces, and we knew that if we didn't preemptively go after Iran before Israel launched those attacks, we would suffer higher casualties.” So, if you reason this out and apply logic the reason we attacked Iran, killed many civilians, destroyed much infrastructure was that if we hadn't our ally would have gone rogue and launched its own war thus exposing the U.S. to much higher casualties. In that sense, then operation Epic Fury was an act of self-defense, against Israel. The nation of Israel puts Israel first so I wonder why the U.S. won't do the same. Why won't U.S. leaders tell our ally you launch your jets which you got from us and you will lose all American support and all-American bases in the Middle East or you can restrain your murderous impulses and remain our ally. The answer to that question probably explains the whole war but who knows the answer for sure. Maybe the answer is in the Epstein files but who knows. I know that when JFK gave Israel a firm no on their development of nuclear weapons he didn't live long and LBJ quickly reversed his decision. So, whatever the relationship between U.S. presidents and Israeli leaders throughout Israel's history President Trump is inclined to listen to Bibi and neocons in America rather than his Maga base. He promised the Maga people he would not start another disastrous, stupid, pointless, and very costly Middle East war but here we are. It appears that for the second time in President Trump's second term he used negotiations as a cover for a decision already made to go to war. Launching a military strike during negotiations could have the long-lasting effect of destroying trust in U.S. diplomacy so it's risky. Another reason for this that I admit is not obvious but this attack is an attack on China and Russia as well as the other BRICS. The U.S. does not want WWlll in the traditional sense because in today's nuclear world that would result in a worldwide catastrophe with no winners, only losers. Instead, today's war is about trade, money, commerce, etc. Who gets to run the world order of today. World orders come and go and they have throughout the centuries. In fact, the world order that emerged in 1648 formed by the Peace of Westphalia or the treaty by that name makes the most sense to me. It lasted It ended the 30 years war in which Europe was devastated and starving. It lasted from 1648 to 1803 when it was destroyed by Nepoleon. The treaty involved much of old Europe including the Holy Roman Empire and it allowed a world in which nations agreed they would stop unprovoked attacks on each other and would not assassinate each other's leaders. It brought peace and allowed the people of Europe to prosper and be fed again. Eventually, world orders and peace agreements always break down into violence and bloodshed. Today, the new order of the world is trying to form and it has devolved into proxy wars, economic wars, cyber wars, biological wars, sabotage wars, and information wars. Russia and China resent U.S. dominance and attempt to topple it while the U. S. will hold it by any means necessary. In conclusion, I don't know anything about this war for certain but I try to use logic to make the best guess possible. I know that China has stopped export of oil and gas and restricted its domestic use.  China imports 11 million barrels per day 45% of which comes through the gulf. Perhaps Chinese tankers could buy the new U.S. provided insurance thus bypassing Lloyds of London which has run shipping for over 100 years. Could that result in a new U.S., China, Russia alliance, who knows. Finally, folks, I close with the words of Ron Paul now 90 years old but as wise as ever. “Here's a plan: End this today. Return the destroyed U.S. bases to the countries where they are located. And just come home. That is what a real “America First” movement looks like.” At least that's the way I see it, Until next time folks, This is Darrell Castle, Thanks for listening.

The US Supreme Court ruled against President Donald Trump on his first justification for tariffs, but he says he will push them through by other means. On this week's Independent Thinking podcast, our experts analyse why Trump is wedded to tariffs as an economic and political tool, and what effect they will have on the US and global economies. They also discuss whether tariffs have ended globalization for good even after the Trump era ends. Joining regular host Bronwen Maddox are Creon Butler, director of the Global Economy and Finance programme at Chatham House, and down the line from Washington, Heather Hurlburt, a consulting fellow in our US and North America Programme.   Presented by Bronwen Maddox. Produced by Sara Seth and Stephen Farrell.   Subscribe to Independent Thinking wherever you find your podcasts.   Chatham House's latest: Comment | Trump's tariff strategy is alive and well by Jennifer Lind Video | Roberta Metsola – A new Westphalia to avoid western failure Video | Al Carns – Acting on the SDR: Britain's defence in 2026 at Chatham House's Security and Defence conference

Anne Catherine Emmerich (1774-1824) was an Augustinian Canoness born in Flamschen bei Coesfeld, Westphalia, in northwest Germany in 1774. One of nine children, her family was very poor but faith-filled. She is best known for her visions of Christ and the stunning details recorded of those visions that served as one of the primary sources for the portrayal of the Passion of Jesus Christ in Mel Gibson's epic film, The Passion of Christ.If you would like to order a copy of Dr. Carlos Eire's new book, "They Flew: A History of the Impossible," you can order a copy HERE (Yale University Press) or HERE (Amazon).If you have any questions, you can email us at christianmysticismpodcast@gmail.com. Your question and the answer may appear in a future episode of the podcast.You can visit our podcast website HERE. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Episode 2719 - What was the real reason we took over Venezuela? What happened to America first? Or was this America first? The treaty of Westphalia? Is international law dead? Great show today!

Episode Summary:In this special emergency episode of Explaining History, Nick reacts to the breaking news of US military action in Venezuela. Reports indicate Apache gunships over Caracas and the abduction of President Nicolás Maduro by American forces.We explore the profound historical implications of this event. While Maduro may be a "gangster," his removal by a foreign power shatters centuries of diplomatic norms dating back to the Treaty of Westphalia. Nick argues that 2026 marks the definitive end of the "Pax Americana" and the rules-based international order established in 1945.From the echoes of the Monroe Doctrine to the collapse of American soft power, we discuss how the Trump administration's "gangster state" tactics are reshaping the world into naked power blocs. Is this a strategic masterstroke to secure oil resources, or a reckless gamble that will accelerate America's isolation?Key Topics:The Attack on Caracas: Assessing the reports of US intervention and the kidnapping of a head of state.The End of International Law: Why pre-emptive regime change destroys the post-WWII consensus.Trump's "Gangster State": The shift from soft power to raw, transactional force.Geopolitical Fallout: How Russia, China, and the Global South will react to this flagrant breach of sovereignty.Explaining History helps you understand the 20th Century through critical conversations and expert interviews. We connect the past to the present. If you enjoy the show, please subscribe and share.▸ Support the Show & Get Exclusive ContentBecome a Patron: patreon.com/explaininghistory▸ Join the Community & Continue the ConversationFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/ExplainingHistoryPodcastSubstack: theexplaininghistorypodcast.substack.com▸ Read Articles & Go DeeperWebsite: explaininghistory.org Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

They finally got him! Despite being the hide and seek champion, Hildebrand has finally been cornered into being pope. And what a papacy he will have! In his episode (now officially our longest episode to date), we will discuss the Investiture Controversy, the famous Walk to Canossa, what the hell a 'toot' could be, and something that Fry hates, but Bry loves.  Episode features Ben Jacobs from Wittenberg to Westphalia, David Montgomery from The Siecle, and Gregg Gassman of Popeular history.  Support Pontifacts: Patreon:  https://www.patreon.com/pontifactspod Paypal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/pontifactspodcast  Ko-fi: https://ko-fi.com/pontifactspod Amazon Wishlist: https://tinyurl.com/pontifactswishlist

A little help, hurt, bone never hurt anyone. Or did it? Plus some on this day. As well as a look at the Treaty of Westphalia from a Global, "what if?" perspective. Strider's Full Stand Up Special Makin' Memories Sources: onthisday.com, jimmysays.medium.com, history.com, thefamouspeople.com, poemhunter.com, shadowsofconstantinople.com, history.com

In this episode I spoke to Jarrad Hope, founder of Logos, and Peter Ludlow, philosopher and research advisor at the University of Hong Kong, and co-authors of the new book 'Farewell to Westphalia.' In the book they detail the historical trajectory of nation states and what they perceive to be their failures as well as propose an alternative to Network States through Blockchain Communities.We discuss critiques of traditional nation states, the potential of blockchain for decentralized governance, and the importance of transparency and privacy. This episode is sponsored by NYM, the world's most private VPN. Unlike traditional VPNs, Nym uses a decentralized mixnet to scramble your internet data — hiding who you're talking to, when, and how often. You can switch between full mixnet mode for maximum anonymity, or a faster VPN mode for everyday use.Use the code blockchainsocialist when signing up and get an extra month!If you liked the podcast be sure to give it a review on your preferred podcast platform. If you find content like this important consider donating to my Patreon starting at just $3 per month. It takes quite a lot of my time and resources so any amount helps. Follow me on Twitter (@TBSocialist) or Mastodon (@theblockchainsocialist@social.coop) and join the r/CryptoLeftists subreddit. Support the showICYMI I've written a book about, no surprise, blockchains through a left political framework! The title is Blockchain Radicals: How Capitalism Ruined Crypto and How to Fix It and is being published through Repeater Books, the publishing house started by Mark Fisher who's work influenced me a lot in my thinking. The book is officially published and you use this linktree to find where you can purchase the book based on your region / country.

We chat with Alex Duffy who as Head of AI Training at Every Consulting run an amazing project where different AI models competed against each other in Diplomacy. Plus we discuss the upcoming Australian Open tournament. Intro The guys introduce the show and Gavin flags he'll be moving further away from Ken, so the show will become more online than face-to-face  (0 mins 15 secs) Interview with Alex Duffy They introduce the interview with Alex from Every Consulting and GoodStartLabs about different AI models playing against each other in Diplomacy (4 mins) The interview kicks off with Alex discussing the research project he ran at Every Consulting where various AI Large Language Models (LLMs) competed against each other in Diplomacy (6 mins 45 secs) Gavin asks Alex how he got into Diplomacy originally (9 mins 50 secs) They discuss the thinking behind the project. During his answer he mentions the Twitch stream of the AI models playing against each other - you can view this on their AI Diplomacy Twitch channel (11 mins 15 secs) They look at how data should be structured and presented to the LLMs (15 mins 45 secs) Alex talks about the different style of play adopted by each LLM - you can read their summary on the Every Consulting AI page (18 mins 45 secs) Gavin asks about how different models approached strategy nnd iterative training of the models so they learn from how they perform in games (24 mins) Gavin reflects on how he sometimes plays in cycles of play (32 mins) They discuss why the game Diplomacy keeps being used researched in the AI space (34 mins) Alex introduces his lates project: The Battle of Bots. You can find out more and register your interest on their Battle of the Bots web page (40 mins 30 secs) They reflect on the newer generations of players bringing their enhanced technology experience to the game (45 mins) Alex asks Gavin and Ken what they've learned from playing Diplomacy to apply to real life (48 mins 30 secs) Gavin asks Alex whether he plans to get more into playing Diplomacy face to face (53 mins 45 secs) Alex discusses other games he's interested in getting into more (57 mins) Just a reminder, you can find out more and register your interest on their Battle of the Bots web page (1 hr 0 mins) Ken suggests some games he feels would be appropriate to research. Alex provides his email address to hear listener's suggestions on other games ot look into (1 hr 2 mins) They begin wrapping up the interiew (1 hr 5 mins 30 secs) The guys reflect on the chat (1 hr 7 mins) Diplomacy Chat Gavin is off to compete in the Australian Open, being hosted the weekend of 21 to 23 November. Plus they talk about the Bismark Cup  (1 hr 23 mins) After some tangental talk, they return full circle to the Australian Open. Gavin mentions doing some recordings when not playing, however, with his house move he can't find the recorder which is packed somewhere (1 hr 33 mins) They discuss getting and staying in the right zone, and reflect on Mitchell and Webb's the Inebriati sketch (1 hr 37 mins 30 secs) Gavin incorrectly cites Mitchell and Webb again, but it is actually Stephen Fry and Hugh Lawrie's Treaty of Westphalia sketch (1 hr 39 mins 30 secs) The guys start wrapping up the show (1 hr 40 mins) Venue: At home Drinks for the interview: Gavin: Proximo tempranillo from Rioja, Spain Ken: Poet's Country Crisp lager from Yenda, NSW Just a reminder you can support the show by giving it 5 stars on iTunes or Stitcher. And don't forget if you want to help pay off the audio equipment... or buy the guys a drink, you can also donate at Patreon, plus you get extra podcast episodes! Lastly, don't forget to subscribe so you get the latest Diplomacy Games episodes straight to your phone. Thanks as always to Dr Dan aka "The General" for his rockin' intro tune.

In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and co-host Austin Padgett explore 18th-century Europe's L'Ancien Regime: aristocratic culture, Louis XIV's Versailles, military revolutions, European warfare, Enlightenment developments, and the economic and political conditions leading to the French Revolution. -- SPONSOR: SHOPIFY⁠⁠⁠⁠ Shopify powers millions of businesses worldwide, handling 10% of U.S. e-commerce. With hundreds of templates, AI tools for product descriptions, and seamless marketing campaign creation, it's like having a design studio and marketing team in one. Start your $1/month trial today at ⁠⁠⁠https://shopify.com/cognitive⁠⁠⁠ -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @LudwigNverMises (Austin) @TurpentineMedia -- TIMESTAMPS: (00:00) Intro (06:00) European haute culture, Baroque period, and aristocratic living (14:40) Louis XIV, Versailles, and French court politics (19:59) Sponsor: Shopiy (22:00) Enlightenment developments and Treaty of Westphalia (28:20) Seeds of the French Revolution and bureaucratic power (34:40) Economic inequality in 18th century France (40:00) Military revolution: from mercenaries to national armies (49:00) English systems: accent evolution, boarding schools, and Civil War (52:20) Religious wars in Britain and the Glorious Revolution (56:10) Enlightenment, literacy, and class divisions across Europe (1:05:00) European regional divisions (Northwest, Latin, Eastern, Ottoman) (1:12:10) English nobility strategy and meritocratic integration (1:21:50) British Isles unification: Scotland and Ireland (1:27:40) European warfare system and balance of power (1:29:50) Austrian and Russian Empires (1:35:50) Great Northern War: Charles XII vs Peter the Great (1:39:50) Enlightened despotism (Catherine the Great, Frederick II, Maria Theresa) (1:45:50) Spain's decline and Vauban's predictions for France (1:56:30) War of Spanish Succession (2:04:40) 18th century warfare culture and tactics (2:11:10) Frederick the Great and the Seven Years War (2:15:20) War of Jenkins' Ear (2:16:40) Wrap Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Rufus interviews Jim Rutt on his life journey to becoming chairman of the Santa Fe Institute and a leading pioneer of ‘Game B'. Rutt shares insight into the failures of the Game A financial system. Rufus and Rutt explore the historical context of our ‘Game A' system and what characteristics a Game B communities need to survive and grow with integrity.About the episodeIn this Life Itself Podcast, Jim Rutt, a complexity thinker and former tech entrepreneur, recounts his early life hitchhiking across America and his journey to becoming a senior figure in Thomson's internet transition (1992–1999) and Network Solutions' $15 billion sale in 2000. Rutt details his early awareness of Game A's unsustainability and bringing his work on complexity science, markets and social systems to the Santa Fe Institute. Rutt details the founding dialogues with Jordan Hall that led to ‘Game B' a decentralised societal model to replace Game A—a civilisational mode Rutt and Rufus trace back to the treaty of Westphalia. Rutt describes the intensity of ‘willing to die' spirit necessary for Game B values to take root & the kinds of meditation structures needed for Game B communities to scale together. Chapters:* 00:01:55 – Jim's Childhood and 1976 Hitchhiking Adventures* 00:16:23 – Leading Thomson's Internet Transition (1992–1999)* 00:18:38 – Realizing Game A's Unsustainability (1994)* 00:27:00 – Joining the Santa Fe Institute* 00:29:25 – Uncovering the Monetary-Finance-Business Nexus (2007–2008)* 00:29:31 – Reflections on Money and the Debt Regime* 00:35:35 – Planning for an Uncertain Future* 00:36:38 – The Treaty of Westphalia and Game A's Foundations* 01:40:37 – Introducing Game B* 02:02:20 – Defining Game A and Game B* 02:19:00 – The Personal-Institutional Spiral and Game B CommunitiesAbout the speakers: Jim Rutt is the former CEO of Network Solutions. The New York Times once referred to him as “the Internet's bad boy” due to his reputation for creative mischief. He sold Network Solutions at the peak of the Dot Com boom and then went into scientific research. Jim has been affiliated with the Santa Fe Institute since 2002, serving as Chairman from 2009 thru 2012. Since that time he has been spearheading the Game B movement and host of the Jim Rutt Show. “Dividend Money” Everything Jim Learned about moneyThe Jim Rutt Show: https://www.jimruttshow.comSubstack: Jim Rutt “Dividend Money” Everything Jim Learned about moneyRufus Pollock is an entrepreneur, activist and author as well as a long-term zen practitioner. He is passionate about finding wiser, weller ways to live together. He has founded several for-profit and nonprofit initiatives including Life Itself, Open Knowledge Foundation, and Datopian. His book Open Revolution is about making a radically freer and fairer information age. Previously he has been the Mead Fellow in Economics at the University of Cambridge as well as a Shuttleworth and Ashoka Fellow. A recognized global expert on the information society, he has worked with G7 governments, IGOs like the UN, Fortune 500s as well as many civil society organizations. He holds a PhD in Economics and a double first in Mathematics from the University of Cambridge. Find out more about his work on his website: www.rufuspollock.com.Podcast Production: Jacob Kishere of SENSESPACE Studio www.jacobkishere.com Get full access to Life Itself at news.lifeitself.org/subscribe

HEADLINE: German Far-Right Surges, European Populism on the Rise, and France's Instability GUEST NAME: Judy Dempsey SUMMARY: Judy Dempsey details the Alternative for Germany's (AfD) significant electoral gains in North Rhine-Westphalia, signifying a broader European surge in populism and anti-immigration sentiment, affecting Germany, France, and the UK. She notes discontent among de-industrialized voters, challenges in the German economy, and Elon Musk's unpopularity. Dempsey also describes France's governmental instability and the potential for US migration policies to exacerbate European anti-immigrant feelings. 1860 BECHTESGADEN

CONTINUED HEADLINE: German Far-Right Surges, European Populism on the Rise, and France's Instability GUEST NAME: Judy Dempsey SUMMARY: Judy Dempsey details the Alternative for Germany's (AfD) significant electoral gains in North Rhine-Westphalia, signifying a broader European surge in populism and anti-immigration sentiment, affecting Germany, France, and the UK. She notes discontent among de-industrialized voters, challenges in the German economy, and Elon Musk's unpopularity. Dempsey also describes France's governmental instability and the potential for US migration policies to exacerbate European anti-immigrant feelings. 1799

In Episode 75 of the Charter Cities Podcast, we're joined by Jarrad Hope—founder of the Logos Network and author of Farewell to Westphalia—to explore the provocative idea of post-nation-state governance. Jarrad and Mark dive into the decline of traditional state power, how blockchain technologies enable new forms of sovereignty, and why decentralized communities may soon provide public goods and governance systems once thought exclusive to the state. From smart contracts to off-chain political dynamics, this episode is a deep dive into the unbundling of governance and the frontier of crypto-sovereignty.

Westphalian Order, Thirty Years War, Catholic vs Protestant perspectives, Treaty of Westphalia, why the nation-state doesn't work, de jure versus de facto of globalism as it stands, intelligence bodies as global governance, how intelligence organizations manipulate nation-states, the rule of Zionism in the global order, MI6 as a front for the UK's real intelligence aristocracy, the UK as a model for public-private globalism under security services, the benefits of federalism in regard to other political systems, the importance of rediscovering the class struggle, Garibaldi and Italian unification, Bolivarism as a model for global governance, the specter of colonialism, how to overcome the Westphalian order, the importance of building from the ground up, support networks, is it possible to avoid the drift to oligarchy?Music by: Keith Allen Dennishttps://keithallendennis.bandcamp.com/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Peace of Westphalia, cryptocurrencies, blockchain, archives, decentralization as a way of preserving archives, Byzantine Fault Tolerance(BFT), how BFT applies to Bitcoin, smart contracts, Decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), how DOAs could prevent another FTX, how blockchain technology would work as governance, Balaji Srinivasan, network state, network state vs a cyberstate, cyberstate vs a nation-state, the pitfalls facing a blockchain community, the Ethereum DOA hack, Neo-Medievalism and what it means for the nation-state, the rights of a blockchain community, warfare, psychological operations, the use of PMCs in Africa during the 90s, can blockchains defend themselves against a neo-East India Company?, soft war and cyberwar, EMPs, how can blockchains counter EMP threats, will a cyberstate become more viable with the elapse of the Boomers, the Bay area Rationalist community as a social experimentMusic by: Keith Allen Dennishttps://keithallendennis.bandcamp.com/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

SPONSORS: 1) GhostBed: Use Code "JULIAN" to get 10% off your new GhostBed Mattress https://ghostbed.com/julian PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/JulianDorey (***TIMESTAMPS in Description Below) ~ Eric Czuleger is a Diplomat, Author, & Renegade Country Explorer. For the past 11 years, Czuleger has lived and traveled across Europe, Asia, and Africa –– getting himself into wild situations that include managing diplomatic relationships between unrecognized countries. Eric insists he is *not* in the CIA –– but absolutely no one believes him. His life memoir, “You Are Not Here” came out in 2023. ERIC'S LINKS: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/eczuleger/?hl=en X: https://x.com/eczuleger BUY HIS BOOK: https://www.amazon.com/You-Are-Not-Here-Countries/dp/B0C87SH7Q8 FOLLOW JULIAN DOREY INSTAGRAM (Podcast): https://www.instagram.com/juliandoreypodcast/ INSTAGRAM (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/julianddorey/ X: https://twitter.com/julianddorey JULIAN YT CHANNELS - SUBSCRIBE to Julian Dorey Clips YT: https://www.youtube.com/@juliandoreyclips - SUBSCRIBE to Julian Dorey Daily YT: https://www.youtube.com/@JulianDoreyDaily - SUBSCRIBE to Best of JDP: https://www.youtube.com/@bestofJDP ****TIMESTAMPS**** 0:00 - Istanbul detention, Turkey ban, Google mistake 4:07 - Smoky room, waterboarding fear, book sales joke 8:01 - Interrogation, Kurdistan book, Erbil questions 13:08 - Kurdish statehood history, Sykes-Picot 18:16 - Nation-state illusion, Westphalia, social constructs 23:01 - Internet, crypto, digital citizenship 28:00 - Bretton Woods, U.S. power, dollar dominance 34:18 - Globalization, wealth inequality, systemic failure 42:00 - Climate change, Tower of Babel, fragmentation 50:15 - 5th-Generation warfare, influence, mind battles 59:11 - China, psychological/economic/legal warfare, TikTok 1:09:17 - Info wars, U.S. polarization, social media 1:24:13 - Transparency, government trust, speech tension 1:40:02 - U.S. soft power, sitcoms, cultural influence 1:54:16 - Micro-states, Liberland, Somaliland, Bitcoin embassy 2:01:05 - Ambassadorship, aid logistics, geopolitics 2:08:00 - China tension, soft power argument, desert escape 2:15:00 - Intelligence secrecy, accountability, governance trust 2:21:00 - USAID, aid misuse, soft power repair 2:27:00 - Development vs. geopolitical aid, system reform 2:32:00 - Statecraft illusions, collective action 2:45:07 - Patriotism vs. cynicism 2:53:54 - Czuleger's Work CREDITS: - Host, Editor & Producer: Julian Dorey - COO, Producer & Editor: Alessi Allaman - https://www.youtube.com/@UCyLKzv5fKxGmVQg3cMJJzyQ - In-Studio Producer: Joey Deef - https://www.instagram.com/joeydeef/ Julian Dorey Podcast Episode 315 - Johnny Mitchell Music by Artlist.io Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Peace of Westphalia, the creation of the modern nation-state, Thirty Years War, the role of technology in social upheaval, the role government plays in securing wealth, contracts, property rights, record keeping, Sumeria, cuneiform tablets, Medieval sovereignty vs sovereignty in a nation-state, the pitfalls of the nation state, creating public census of opinion, total propaganda, grassroots bodies that gain international reach, nongovernment organization (NGOs), drug cartels, the problem of corruption in centralized structures, home owners associations (HOAs), HOA corruption in Florida, corruption in local centralized bodies, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, blockchainMusic by: Keith Allen Dennishttps://keithallendennis.bandcamp.com/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

[01:05:07:18 - 01:06:22:11]Libertarian concerns about government overreach: Libertarians like Rand Paul and Thomas Massie oppose the bill due to concerns over government spending, debt, and potentialsurveillance implications. [01:13:24:19 - 01:14:05:22]Threat to habeas corpus: The Trump administration considers suspending habeas corpus for migrants, raising fears of broader abuses against dissenters, like anti-Zionists.[01:29:24:20 – 01:31:22:11]Constitutional issues with Trump's tariffs: Trump's tariffs violate separation of powers, as the president lacks authority to impose them without congressional approval, citing legal precedents.[01:42:11:19 - 01:49:07:07]Australian mushroom murder trial: Erin Patterson is on trial for allegedly poisoning three in-laws with deathcap mushrooms, claiming it was an accidental attempt to enhance a bland lunch.[02:19:31:13 - 02:22:52:12]Rare earth shortage crisis: China's export restrictions on rare earth minerals threaten U.S. industries, potentially causing auto production shutdowns akin to the pandemic chip shortage, with experts warning of supply chain disruptions.[02:30:20:21 - 02:34:34:23]Ukraine's refusal to accept fallen soldiers: Ukraine declines to retrieve 6,000 identified fallen soldiers' bodies from Russia, likely to avoid paying promised family compensations, highlighting financial motives and Kursk incursion failures.[02:41:50:10 - 02:44:25:25]Ukraine's drone strikes and NATO tensions: Senator Tuberville criticizes Zelensky's drone attacks on Russian assets as attempts to draw NATO into a losing war, while U.S. aid sustains Ukraine's resistance against territorial concessions.[03:03:23:16 - 03:05:25:03]Federal court restricts Naples Pride drag shows: The 11th Circuit Court rules Naples Pride Fest drag performances must be indoors and adults-only, citing public safety and rejecting First Amendment claims, aligning with Tennessee's regulatory approach.[03:13:20:29 - 03:15:33:09]Controversial cathedral performance in Germany: A performance featuring raw chickens in diapers at Paderborn Cathedral, part of Westphalia's 1250th anniversary, sparks outrage, prompting apologies for offending religious sentiments.[03:18:37:16 - 03:20:52:10]New theory challenges Big Bang: The "Black Hole Universe" theory suggests our universe exists inside a black hole's event horizon, formed after a collapse, aligning with relativity and quantum physics but shifting cosmological questions.[03:27:16:07 - 03:33:47:09]AI's threat to democracy and capitalism: AI creates a zero-sum game, likely undermining democracy first as corporatism consolidates power, replacing jobs with automation and eroding hope for upward mobility.[03:49:55:08 - 03:51:58:28]AI models lack AGI-level reasoning: Apple researchers find large language models mimic reasoning without generalizing, failing complex puzzles and showing inconsistent logic, far from achieving artificial general intelligence.Follow the show on Kick and watch live every weekday 9:00am EST – 12:00pm EST https://kick.com/davidknightshow Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to https://davidknight.gold/ for great deals on physical gold/silver For 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to https://trendsjournal.com/ and enter the code KNIGHT Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.comIf you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-david-knight-show--2653468/support.

[01:05:07:18 - 01:06:22:11]Libertarian concerns about government overreach: Libertarians like Rand Paul and Thomas Massie oppose the bill due to concerns over government spending, debt, and potentialsurveillance implications. [01:13:24:19 - 01:14:05:22]Threat to habeas corpus: The Trump administration considers suspending habeas corpus for migrants, raising fears of broader abuses against dissenters, like anti-Zionists.[01:29:24:20 – 01:31:22:11]Constitutional issues with Trump's tariffs: Trump's tariffs violate separation of powers, as the president lacks authority to impose them without congressional approval, citing legal precedents.[01:42:11:19 - 01:49:07:07]Australian mushroom murder trial: Erin Patterson is on trial for allegedly poisoning three in-laws with deathcap mushrooms, claiming it was an accidental attempt to enhance a bland lunch.[02:19:31:13 - 02:22:52:12]Rare earth shortage crisis: China's export restrictions on rare earth minerals threaten U.S. industries, potentially causing auto production shutdowns akin to the pandemic chip shortage, with experts warning of supply chain disruptions.[02:30:20:21 - 02:34:34:23]Ukraine's refusal to accept fallen soldiers: Ukraine declines to retrieve 6,000 identified fallen soldiers' bodies from Russia, likely to avoid paying promised family compensations, highlighting financial motives and Kursk incursion failures.[02:41:50:10 - 02:44:25:25]Ukraine's drone strikes and NATO tensions: Senator Tuberville criticizes Zelensky's drone attacks on Russian assets as attempts to draw NATO into a losing war, while U.S. aid sustains Ukraine's resistance against territorial concessions.[03:03:23:16 - 03:05:25:03]Federal court restricts Naples Pride drag shows: The 11th Circuit Court rules Naples Pride Fest drag performances must be indoors and adults-only, citing public safety and rejecting First Amendment claims, aligning with Tennessee's regulatory approach.[03:13:20:29 - 03:15:33:09]Controversial cathedral performance in Germany: A performance featuring raw chickens in diapers at Paderborn Cathedral, part of Westphalia's 1250th anniversary, sparks outrage, prompting apologies for offending religious sentiments.[03:18:37:16 - 03:20:52:10]New theory challenges Big Bang: The "Black Hole Universe" theory suggests our universe exists inside a black hole's event horizon, formed after a collapse, aligning with relativity and quantum physics but shifting cosmological questions.[03:27:16:07 - 03:33:47:09]AI's threat to democracy and capitalism: AI creates a zero-sum game, likely undermining democracy first as corporatism consolidates power, replacing jobs with automation and eroding hope for upward mobility.[03:49:55:08 - 03:51:58:28]AI models lack AGI-level reasoning: Apple researchers find large language models mimic reasoning without generalizing, failing complex puzzles and showing inconsistent logic, far from achieving artificial general intelligence.Follow the show on Kick and watch live every weekday 9:00am EST – 12:00pm EST https://kick.com/davidknightshow Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to https://davidknight.gold/ for great deals on physical gold/silver For 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to https://trendsjournal.com/ and enter the code KNIGHT Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.comIf you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-real-david-knight-show--5282736/support.

NOTE: SHOW LINKS FOR ALL THE MENTIONED PODCASTERS WILL BE ADDED SOON (AND WILL ALSO BE IN THE NOTES FOR NEXT EPISODE TO ENSURE THEY GET SEEN), FOR NOW GETTING THIS OUT WHILE I CAN! TRANSCRIPT: Good Evening Everyone, Welcome to Popeular History. My name is Gregg, and this is another admin update I'll try to keep from being too boring, in part by offering some observations and speculations about the new Papacy interspersed throughout. First, some personal updates. I was very tired by the end of last week, thank you for asking. I got some rest and then made sure Vice-Pope Mrs. Popeular History's primary Mother's Day present was rest. I am immeasurably grateful for her support, but the reality is even if she weren't so supportive of this passion project of mine and the fairly unhinged extremes I took it to in the last few weeks, I would still be immeasurably grateful to her for a million other things. She's the best partner I could have ever hoped to have for so many reasons, and all of you are welcome to be jealous.   I'd also like to thank my children for being malleable enough that I can pass on my love of the faith in general and also my nerdiness to them. Patrick, Catherine, Joseph, William, Gabriel, I love you all and thank you for sharing me with the internet a bit more lately. I try to shield my children from my more concentrated geekery so they can have somewhat normal childhoods, much like I try to spare my Vice Pope so she can have a somewhat normal marriage, but I will admit I felt a special sense of pride when I heard footsteps after I had invited any of my children interested in appearing on one of my livestreams to come on down to the studio. Those footsteps were from Catherine, who was by that point a good hour and a half into a livestream of the Pope's funeral that had began at 4am our time. To be clear, the kids aren't usually up at that time–I mean, neither am I–but wanting to be on the livestream she had asked to be awakened when it began, so I woke her and set her up with a watching station before kicking things off. Days later, she still excitedly references things from it. Just one of many special times from the last couple weeks. My thanks go not only to my immediate household, but to my family beyond as well, in particular my father, who came over at another particularly uncivil hour and summoned black smoke basically as soon as he arrived so I could go rest, as well as my in-laws, who bore with me through a packed weekend of a wedding and a papal funeral. And again, Vice Pope-Mrs Popeular history through it all.   Thanks are due as well to the lovely and supportive folks at work. I wouldn't want to name anyone who would rather I not name them, so I will be general when I say the atmosphere there has been lovely, and in particular I appreciate those who knew I was their best local source for answers to questions about Popes and Cardinals and conclaves and such. I lead a charmed life these days, and work, from my team to my coworkers to those above me and those supporting me, is full of amazing people I could not appreciate more.   Before I thank even more people, including you the listeners, let's talk about the New Pope, Leo XIV, specifically, his status as an American. And please, I beg you, don't be one of the contrarians who have been trying to make “United Statesian” a thing, it's fine to call Leo XIV the First American Pope. Of course you're welcome to use the opportunity to draw attention to the fact that Pope Francis is also from “the Americas”, but “American” is the demonym for a person from the United States and there is nothing wrong with using that word in that sense, so stop trying to make fetch happen.   Anyways, Pope Leo was born on September 14, 1955, in Chicago, Illinois. The date is memorable for Catholics as the Triumph of the Cross, one of the more venerable feasts of the Church, commemorating Emperor Constantine's mother Saint Helena's apparently successful expedition to the Holy Land in search of the Cross Christ was crucified on, AKA the True Cross. Of course, many of my listeners are more captivated by the Chicago aspect, so let's hone in on that. First, to get this out of the way, yes, he was raised in Dolton, a community just *outside* Chicago, but contrarians should brace for more disappointment as it remains technically correct to describe Robert Francis Prevost as being “from Chicago”, having been born at Mercy Hospital in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side.   In a way, it would be somewhat surprising if Pope Leo *weren't* from the midwest, considering 80% of the 10 American Cardinals who participated in the conclave are midwesterners by birth. But also that number should actually closer to 90%, considering that's including the Irish-born Kevin Cardinal Farrell under the American tally, and by that logic the future Leo XIV should probably count as Peruvian. But I'm not gonna begrudge anyone who wants to claim the Pope as one of their own. Even without that wrinkle, I think we can agree Ireland can count as the midwest, especially given the whole Notre Dame thing.   If it were tallied as its own nationality, the Midwestern United States would be the second most represented county in the conclave, still actually in the same place that the United States currently occupies: comfortably behind Italy, and a bit ahead of Brazil.   Nor of course is Chicago unfamiliar to Cardinals in general, having had their senior cleric sporting a red hat–or getting one at the first opportunity–for  over a hundred years running, putting them in extremely rarified air, actually I think they're the only US see that can claim the red hat century club when it's set on hard mode like that, as New York's Cardinal Dolan wasn't elevated at the first opportunity, presumably because Cardinal Egan was still kicking around and Conclave-eligible for a while, and Archbishop Henning of Boston just got passed over last December despite Cardinal O'Malley having freshly aged out.   And my midwest Catholic trivia dump can't be complete without noting that spookily, Mar Awa III, the current Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East, which shares the spotlight on my upcoming 0.22 supplemental, was also born in Chicago, which may further help the ecumenical relations I discuss in that supplemental episode. Here's hoping!   One more topic relating to Pope Leo's roots I want to touch on today: His Louisiana creole and black caribbean heritage. Both of His Holiness' grandparents on his mother's side were described as black or mulatto in census documents of their day, with his mother's father, Joseph Martinez, being listed as born in Santo Domingo, now the capital of the Dominican Republic, though it was then part of Haiti, the only country to have been born as the result of a successful slave rebellion, making black heritage from that region particularly poignant.   I'll note that His Holiness' melanin levels are such that he can fairly be described as white passing, and I'd consider it unlikely that the matter was discussed during the recent conclave, though I expect then-Cardinal Prevost was aware of this bit of family history. That said, it's certainly *possible* that it was a surprise even to him. One way or another, the basic fact is that these genealogical records exist. What to make of them, I leave to those more competent than I. I will commit to circling back to the topic in time, though. For now, it's time to thank, like, a lot of podcasters.   First and foremost, you probably wouldn't be listening to this if it weren't for Bry and Fry of Pontifacts. Their support has been critical in a number of ways and I could not be more appreciative of the way they've shared their platform with me, and so much more, right down to Bry making sure I checked my email when she saw that NPR had reached out for an interview. I tragically did not have Bry's attentive support on the inbox situation when PBS invited me on solo, so that one will always be a bit of a what-if, a hint of how much harder things are without the active support of so many. So again, thank you all, especially people I'm sure I'm forgetting since I'm extremely forgetful.   I think the safest thing to do is to thank the rest of the podcasters who have collaborated with me in order of appearance this year, starting back in February with the Intelligent Speech crew, in particular my fellows on the religion panel discussion, namely Trevor Cully of the History of Persia Podcast as well as the cheekier America's Secret Wars podcast, Aurora of the Swords, Sorcery, and Socialism podcast, and Bailey of Totalus Jeffianus. What a panel we had. And oh, by the way, apparently I've got the green light to share both that and my talk on the Original Grey Eminence, François Leclerc du Tremblay on this feed, so watch out for that in due course. Oh, and uh, shoutout to David Montgomery of The Siecle for his help with French pronunciation this year, not to mention various other assists through the years. All errors are my own, and David is a good guy to know.   Thank you to Jerry of The Presidencies podcast for having me on for one of his intro quotes, his process is impeccably professional just as one would expect after having listened to his show, and it was a great honor to take part.   Thank you as well to Thomas Rillstone of the History of Aotearoa New Zealand podcast for picking a surprisingly fascinating year to solicit info about, even if your release timing was ultimately made awkward by the death of the Holy Father. Oh, I suppose I can release that for you guys as well, though really, go check out his lovely show. Aotearoa is spelled: A-O-T-E-A-R-O-A   Moving on to my guests from the recent sede vacante, the first you all heard was Umberto from the So You Think You Can Rule Persia podcast, who, in addition to offering a fascinating overview of the history of transitions among the Islamic Caliphate also it turns out had the extremely clutch ability to offer live translations of Italian, which put our humble livestream ahead of EWTN, no offense to that major network.   The following day this feed was graced by the previously mentioned Aurora, now on as half of Tsar Power, along with Roberto, who is also from The History of Saqartvelo Georgia and Quest For Power. I'll let you sort all that out from the links in the show notes, but it's worth noting that you can expect more collaboration with Roberto on this feed, starting in the not too distant future with a conversation we unwittingly recorded just hours before Pope Francis' passing, talking optimistically about the future prospects of his papacy. Fortunately there's still cause for such optimism: Habemus Papam, after all.   Right before the conclave began, I put out a Cardinal Numbers First Judgment segment with John from Prim e Time, though admittedly that episode was originally recorded over a year ago. We did have a fresher appearance from John on the Youtube side of things, as he joined us to meet the new Pope after the white smoke, having cunningly signed up for the correct smokewatch to do so, much like Umberto our live translator. Ethan from Play History on Youtube was also kind enough to join us, helping hold down the fort along with Fry while I juggled toddlers and the white smoke first billowed out. Memorable times, all.   A special thank you to all those who shared the episode I had already prepared on Cardinal Prevost with the wider world, leading to thousands of exposures and hundreds of new listeners. Which, welcome if you're one of the new listeners. Thank you for tuning in, and I promise I'll update my Episode 0 soon to help you find your way.   Ok, it's time for another bout of new Pope stuff before I fill you all in on what to expect from me moving forward. I think it's appropriate that we take a look at what Pope Leo himself has outlined as important topics and themes here at the start of his papacy.   First, peace, which was literally the first word of Leo's papacy. An emphasis on peace is no surprise, for one thing, as the newly-elected Pope Leo himself pointed out, his greeting of peace was in the tradition of the resurrected Christ Himself, and thereby an appropriate greeting for the Easter season, which Pope Francis had opened right before his death and through which Pope Leo will continue to guide the Church until Pentecost on June 8th.   The topic of peace is even less surprising in light of the rare public message from the College of Cardinals that was released just before the Conclave, pleading for peace amid escalating war. In light of that, it would have been surprising if he *hadn't* come out advocating for peace. As is, it's definitely a core message, and needless to say a timely one too, with Pope Leo already echoing the late Pope Francis' observation that World War III is already being fought piecemeal.    The appeal for peace does seem to be getting a bit of traction, with India and Pakistan agreeing to a ceasefire, and the Trump administration proposing the Vatican as a mediator in the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine. If you don't look in the box marked Gaza or consider the actual likelihood of a breakthrough in Ukraine, you might be tempted to feel hopeful: admittedly as you can probably tell I'm more on the skeptical end myself, though I'd be happy to be wrong.   Another topic Pope Leo emphasized in his first speech–and repeatedly since–is togetherness, which could also be filed under dialog or even unity: the interplay between commonality and difference is critical here, and the most consistent analogy is one very suitable to his role as Pope, that of a bridge-builder, a pontifex in Latin, a traditional title of Popes for centuries, though probably not one that really traces back to the ancient Roman priestly title of Pontifex Maximus directly, as it seems to have been primarily added to the Pope's titles during the renaissance, when the classical world was very fashionable. Now, to really tie the old and the new together, I can tell you that a title once held by Julius Caesar is Pope Leo's handle on the social media platform formerly known as Twitter: @Pontifex.   When it comes to the Papacy, concepts like building bridges and promoting togetherness play out on multiple levels. First, as pastor of the giant flock known as Catholicism, we can talk about healing divisions within the church. Then, we can talk about healing divisions among all of Christianity, since the Pope is the head of the largest Christian group–and frankly it's always worth noting that most Christians are Catholics. But really, getting arrogant about it isn't the way to bring people on board, and from what I can tell so far Leo seems to have taken that lesson from Francis to heart–not that humility is a novel lesson in the history of the Papacy that Francis just invented, but still, give the guy his due..   Lastly, though certainly not leastly, what about healing divisions all over the world, not just among all Christians or even among all religions, but among all people? We're talking about the Vicar of Christ here, the idea of “not my circus, not my monkies” does not apply, and the more divisions across humanity are healed, the more likely we are to see enduring peace. So, Pope Leo has his work cut out for him, indeed I daresay we all do, as I am going to charitably assume you all want to make the world a better place.   Another priority of the new Pontiff is one that came to light even before his first speech: Vatican-watchers know that modern Popes don't just pick names at random, for example Pope Francis was strongly broadcasting that he was going to do something different by being the first  in the modern era to choose a truly new Papal name. As for Pope Leo, my first impression was quickly confirmed, as Pope Leo XIII looms large in modern Catholic history and his encyclical Rerum Novarum was a watershed moment in the development of modern Catholic Social Teaching, which is a foundational enough topic that I capitalized all those words and you will absolutely catch folks calling Catholic Social Teaching “CST” for short. Before Pope Francis, when you were talking about social justice in a Catholic context–which, by the way, is the context where the idea first gained traction, being popularized among the Jesuits in the early 19th century–anyways before Pope Francis, when you were talking about social justice in a Catholic context, you were talking about Pope Leo and Rerum Novarum, published in 1891 as a critique of modern economic systems from Capitalism to Communism and all over, emphasizing the fundamental importance of worker's rights given, well, the fundamental importance of workers themselves, as human beings with divine dignity. The Church has been revisiting Rerum Novarum on a regular basis ever since, and Pope Leo has explicitly centered it for those wondering what to expect from his papacy. To borrow the language of a generation slightly ahead of me, it's based, so get hype.   Of course lots of people are wondering what Pope Leo will get up to beyond these key starts of peace, unity, and social justice in the mold of so many of his predecessors. We can be here all day and I still won't be able to comment on every individual topic, nor will h e. We'll see more of Pope Leo in the years to come. Of course we can look to his past comments on anything you like, but the basic reality is Robert Francis Prevost is dead, and  Pope Leo XIV is a different man. At least, he may be, anyhow. History has shown election to the Papacy can change folks, but it's also shown that that's not always the case. Sorry to disappoint those looking for surefire answers, we'll find out together in the coming years and quite possibly decades, as, at 69, Pope Leo will likely be with us for a generation.   BUT, and this is a big but, I do think from what he's indicated so far and from the apparent expectations of the Cardinals who elected him, not to mention historical patterns, I do think it's very likely that Pope Leo will, on the whole, prove to be something of a centrist. That's not to say that he'll be middle-of-the-road on all issues–I really do expect him to lean into the Leonine legacy of Rerum Novarum-style social and economic justice with a major encyclical on the topic within the next few years–but on average I do not expect him to be as progressive as Pope Francis or as conservative as Pope Benedict. Again, how exactly that all will shake out remains to be seen, and I am very bad at making predictions anyways. After all, when I got asked directly about the possibility of an American Pope, I gave a simple “no” and moved on. In my defense, apparently the future Pope Leo did the same, allegedly telling his brother “they're not going to pick an American Pope” on the eve of the conclave that did just that.   Now I want to take a moment to thank some non-podcasters who have been very supportive of my work the last few years, specifically the priests at my home parish of Saint Francis de Sales. Shoutout Fr. Mike, Fr. PC, and Fr. Sizemore, who have all supported me in various ways both in relation to the podcast and off-mic. In particular I want to thank Fr. PC for helping review my upcoming worldbuilding episodes on mass and the Eucharist to make sure I didn't go too far off the rails, and Fr. Sizemore for his consistent support and encouragement of my work, as well as his willingness to promote it. Longtime listeners know that I am willing to set aside the Pope-colored glasses to offer necessary critiques of the Church at times–indeed, necessary critiques are actually themselves part of Pope-colored glasses anyways. It's been very cool to have that support even when offering that criticism at times, and I am, of course, grateful.   To give a little more personal insight, I think it's worth noting that I'm bringing Fr Sizemore and Fr PC up in part because they're on my mind and in my prayers a little extra these days since they are going to another parish as part of the normal juggling that occurs with basically any diocese. Back in the day such moves were less common, and could indeed be signs of darker things, but more recent practice has keeping priests from staying at a particular parish for too extended a period as a guard against exactly such dark things as may occur when a pastor is seen as the absolute bedrock of a faith community and is effectively given all sorts of extra deference and leeway and such to an inappropriate degree. In the end, Christ is the foundation, it's not about any particular pastor. Nevertheless, I will miss Fr Sizemore deeply, as excited as I am to see what he does at his new parish, and as excited as I am to meet our new pastor, Father Tom Gardner, and the other priest and a half that are coming to Saint Francis as part of the general shuffle. Interestingly, this will have our household lined up with a relatively young priest, a relatively young bishop, and a relatively young Pope, so these positions are likely going to be set in my life for a while yet.   And now that we've talked a bit about the future of my home parish, let's talk about the future of Popeular History.   First, as you've already seen if you're caught up on the feed, I have some content from Conclave Time still being edited and prepared for release on this feed. In the last week or so you've seen my chat with Benjamin Jacobs of Wittenberg to Westphalia and Why Tho?, who had me on as his guest of his 100th episode for the former. He's more like me than most, so if you enjoy this, go check him out. And if you don't enjoy this, well, I'm confused as to the sequence of events that has you somehow still listening, but even then, you should *also* still go  check him out. Just in case. You never know.   Also already released is a chat with Meredith of The Alexander Standard, another Rexypod in the mold of Cardinal Numbers and of course Pontifacts, reviewing, rating, and ranking all the successors of Alexander the Great from Perdiccas to Cleopatra VII. Meredith bravely volunteered to take the first spot on what was a near nightly guest list during the recent sede vacante, and we had a great chat that you should go check out if you haven't already.   Still to come most likely this month is a very extended conversation I had with Steve Guerra of the History of the Papacy Podcast, a collaboration that was pretty long overdue. I first reached out to Steve over five years ago when Popeular History was just starting out, but I was too timid to propose a collaboration at the time. I was actually still too timid to suggest such a thing when Pope Francis' fading health got us talking again earlier this year, but fortunately for all of us Steve had no such scruples and when he suggested we get together over a couple of mics, well, so far we've got hours of good stuff that will be ready for your ears very shortly, I just wanted to get all this admin stuff and early Leo discussion out first so I did. But you can expect hours of Steve and I on this feed soon, and if you just can't wait–don't! Bec ause it's already out on his feed at the History of the Papacy Podcast. Part III talking Leo specifically is already in the works, with hopefully more to come from Steve and I collaborating in the years to come.   After that, you'll hear a chat I had with Quinn from Nobelesse Oblige, one half of another rexypod that ranks all the nobel laureates from 1901 until he and cohost Maggie run out of people. Their show was on hiatus, but is back now, so rejoice! All the best shows go on hiatus, like, a lot, amirite? Look, subscribe and you'll know when any shows with that particular habit get back. Anyways, that's gonna be another conclave second helping episode.   The third on the conclave second helping trilogy, likely appearing early next month at this rate with apologies to my patient guest, will be a great chat I had right before the doors were sealed with none other than Garry Stevens of the History in the Bible podcast, in which I fielded his conclave questions and talked about the recent movie as well. Thank you as always, Garry, especially for your patience as I edited my way through our chat!   After that puts a cap on my conclave coverage, it'll be high time to release the previously mentioned chat I had with Roberto of Tsar Power and more, right before Pope Francis passed.   And there you go, that's the plan for the next month or so. After all that, it'll be 5th anniversary time, and I think it'll be fun to do a bit of Q&A for that. The anniversary will officially on June 29th, so let's go ahead and say send in almost any question you like to popeularhistory@gmail.com by June 20th and I'll answer it for you on the show. The only limit I'm placing is that the question should be relatively family-friendly so I don't get flagged as explicit content by the powers that be.    After that, well, we'll see. Popeular History and Cardinal Numbers will be carrying on, I'm looking forward to finishing my longrunning Catholic worldbuilding series, as well as covering all the living Cardinals I haven't gotten to yet. And those items just represent finishing up the current stages. Plus, tere's gonna be more Pontifacts collaboration, including the much hyped Habemus Pointsam project, ranking all the Papal transitions with Bry! But do  keep in mind I had *just* put out a note indicating that I was going to stay on hiatus for a while longer right before all this happened, and the factors that lead me to that are still present. I've got a strong head of steam for when I'm officially back up to full production, but until then, you won't hear from me quite as regularly as I'd like. Actually, let's be honest, you're never going to hear from me as regularly as I'd like unless there's a wealthy patron who wants to hand over a living wage for myself and my family as compensation for me doing this full-time. And nah, I'm not counting on that. I do have a patreon though, so if you want to help offset my costs and fuel Taco Bell expeditions or moving to Rome, you know, little things like that, you can. Mary specifically said I can get Taco Bell every time I get a new patron, so thank you very much in advance. Also, a big thank you to Joe, my current patron, who hosts Prime Factors with his son Abram, and yes that's another Rexypod, in fact, yes, that's another Rexypod ranking the British Prime Ministers! Prime Time is the other one in case you've already forgotten, and now you can easily find both of them on one another's feeds as they recently did a collaborative special you should absolutely check out! I especially owe Joe as I forgot to keep mentioning him when speeding through my recent sede vacante coverage, a situation which will be remedied hopefully in small part by this note, and then eventually with judicious editing. Thanks again for your support, Joe!   If you'd like to support my work and are financially able to do so, go to Patreon.com/popeular. I'm going to do as much as I can even without many patrons, but more patron support  would go a long way to making things easier, I have to admit. So if you want to join Joe on the wall of ongoing thanks, there are still spots left! And if you can't support financially, no sweat, do what you gotta do, but please consider spreading the word about Popeular History and keeping me and my family in prayer while you're at it. Words of encouragement or any other words you'd like to send can be sent to popeularhistory@gmail.com or you can also find me on social media in a few spots, primarily on Bluesky these days at Popeular as I'm focusing more on direct content creation rather than trying to keep up with socials and the website and such. Oh, speaking of the website, Google Domains went caput so the website's kind of frozen, not that I was updating it much anyways apart from the automatic RSS feeds, which for what it's worth are still chugging along. But the rest you can ignore, in particular the big daily show announcement that's still up there, because that was fun while it lasted but that is definitely on the list of things that are not happening unless I get thousands of patreon dollars a month to make this a full-time job, which, again, I am realistic enough to not expect. It just turns out I can't take that notification down without tanking the whole site at the moment, or without, you know, a fair amount of extra work, and since the RSS feeds are still handy and my time is still fairly crunched, I'm reluctant to do that. So, uh, here we are. Awkward. Ignore the big daily show announcement. Thank you.   Now, I'm going to make a couple specific predictions about the future of Leo's papacy that I'd be happy to be wrong about. But before I do *that*, I want to note that after today, apart from the contemporary cardinals episodes, I plan to get back to history, leaving current events to other commentators generally, with the exception of a plan to have some commentary on contemporary news, Catholic and otherwise, available as bonus content for my Patreon subscribers. That would allow my regular listeners to have access to all the historical goodies I find without barrier, while still offering something interesting and informative, you know, hopefully, for my backers. If you hate the idea, let me know, and of course if you love the idea, sure, let me know that too. I'm thinking maybe some kind of monthly roundup, something like that.   Anyways, on to those predictions. First, while I genuinely believe we would have seen Sister Rafaella Petrini elevated to the College of Cardinals had Pope Francis lived to create another batch of Cardinals, I do not see that happening under Pope Leo, though he did reconfirm her in her role as President of the Governorate of Vatican City State as part of his general “as you were” instructions right after his election, reconfirming all of Pope Francis' appointments in one of the more unambiguous signs of continuity you can have. It's of course likely that there will be shuffling in time, but I think Petrini is safe in her role, I just don't expect her to be the first Cardinelle at the next opportunity, as Leo appears interested in a degree of centrist rapprochement.   Similarly, while I had fairly big hopes for the observances of the 1700th anniversary of Nicea that were due this month, namely a reunified dating of Easter, obviously those observances aren't happening right now. And, while it look like there are now plans for later this year, around the Feast of Saint Andrew–November 30th–I think that moment has passed, and I expect it's not something we'll see in year one of a Papacy. Again, I'd be happy to be wrong, but I don't think that's a “coming super  soon” type situation at this point. And that's it for today, thanks for sitting through a record-breaking amount of admin. Thanks, Joe!

Wittenberg to Westphalia: The Wars of the Reformation: https://wittenbergtowestphaliapodcast.weebly.com/ 

Join us for an episode recorded in August 2024, with Huw Llewellyn, the former Director of the Codification Division of the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs and former Secretary to the International Law Commission (ILC), in a conversation about the evolution of international law. We cover the history of the ILC, its role in the evolution of international law, and its relationship with the UN Sixth Committee. Huw shares insights from his 42-year career, revealing the Commission's approach to codification and progressive development of the law. The episode also explores the historical milestones that shaped international law, from the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to the League of Nations. Huw talks about how stability and change in international relations is reflected in the work of the ILC, tells us more about the Commission's achievements over 75 years, and new areas of work on the agenda including the topic of sea level rise. We conclude with a personal glimpse into Huw's retirement plans and his recommendations for crime thriller enthusiasts (Lee Child and Martin Walker)! Resources: Ask a Librarian! International Law Commission: https://legal.un.org/ilc/ Resource guide: https://libraryresources.unog.ch/legal/legal/ILC   Where to listen to this episode  Apple podcasts:  https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-next-page/id1469021154 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/10fp8ROoVdve0el88KyFLy YouTube: https://youtu.be/FZX3y3SADV4 Content    Guest: Huw Llewellyn Host: Amy Smith, UN Library & Archives Geneva Production and editing: Amy Smith Recorded & produced at the United Nations Library & Archives Geneva 

This is Part 2! For Part 1, check the feed!This week we're trawling through history to figure out how the international rules based order took shape. We've got The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the huge success that was The Concert of Europe plus the flurry of treaties, conferences, and international agreements, aimed at building a new, peaceful global order in the aftermath of WW2.And this week we're trying to figure out whether Macha or Mate is the health innovation we've all been waiting for to achieve our fitness dreams. If you've got anything to add on that or anything else: hello@ohwhatatime.comIf you fancy a bunch of OWAT content you've never heard before, why not treat yourself and become an Oh What A Time: FULL TIMER?Up for grabs is:- two bonus episodes every month!- ad-free listening- episodes a week ahead of everyone else- And much moreSubscriptions are available via AnotherSlice and Wondery +. For all the links head to: ohwhatatime.comYou can also follow us on: X (formerly Twitter) at @ohwhatatimepodAnd Instagram at @ohwhatatimepodAaannnd if you like it, why not drop us a review in your podcast app of choice?Thank you to Dan Evans for the artwork (idrawforfood.co.uk).Chris, Elis and Tom xSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

This week we're trawling through history to figure out how the international rules based order took shape. We've got The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the huge success that was The Concert of Europe plus the flurry of treaties, conferences, and international agreements, aimed at building a new, peaceful global order in the aftermath of WW2.And this week we're trying to figure out whether Macha or Mate is the health innovation we've all been waiting for to achieve our fitness dreams. If you've got anything to add on that or anything else: hello@ohwhatatime.comIf you fancy a bunch of OWAT content you've never heard before, why not treat yourself and become an Oh What A Time: FULL TIMER?Up for grabs is:- two bonus episodes every month!- ad-free listening- episodes a week ahead of everyone else- And much moreSubscriptions are available via AnotherSlice and Wondery +. For all the links head to: ohwhatatime.comYou can also follow us on: X (formerly Twitter) at @ohwhatatimepodAnd Instagram at @ohwhatatimepodAaannnd if you like it, why not drop us a review in your podcast app of choice?Thank you to Dan Evans for the artwork (idrawforfood.co.uk).Chris, Elis and Tom xSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Friday of the First Week of Lent Saint of the Day: St. Matilda; Tenth Century daughter of Count Dietrich of Westphalia and Reinhild of Denmark; married Henry the Fowler, son of Duke Otto of Saxony, in the year 909; he succeeded his father as Duke in the year 912 and in 919 succeeded King Conrad I to the German throne; she was noted for her piety and charitable works; she was widowed in 936; she was severely criticized by her sons Otto and Henry for what they considered her extravagant charities, so she resigned her inheritance to them, and retired to her country home; in 955, she built three convents and a monastery; she was left in charge of the kingdom when Otto went to Rome in 962 to be crowned Emperor (often regarded as the beginning of the Holy Roman Empire); she spent most of the declining years at the convent at Nordhausen she had built; she died at the monastery at Quedlinburg on March 14, 968 Office of Readings and Morning Prayer for 3/14/25 Gospel: Matthew 5:20-26

Patreon https://www.patreon.com/renegadefilesMerch https://www.bonfire.com/store/renegade-files/Website http://therenegadefiles.comYouTube https://www.youtube.com/@renegadefiles  Instagram https://www.instagram.com/renegadefiles/  X https://x.com/RenegadeFiles  If you like the show, please leave us a 5 star review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify if you think we deserve it. (It helps new listeners find the show.) Thank you. This is Renegade Files Episode 78, Illegal Drugs: Weapons of the Deep State.  Since the Treaty of Munster and the Peace of Westphalia combined to bring peace to the Holy Roman Empire and create the Nation-State in 1648, some confederations and multinational states have evolved into empires. An Empire is a political unit made up of several territories and peoples, typically established through conquest, and marked by a dominant centralized government and subordinate peripheries. And regardless of religion, political organization, or ideological framework, all of our modern empires share a common source of colonial expansion and political power: Drugs.  From the 1790s to the present, the stories of Imperial territorial expansion, wealth accumulation, and wartime conquests have paralleled the story of illegal, recreational, and addictive drugs. In this episode of Renegade Files we will explore the ways that drugs are used to first build, and then control nations.  Along this seedy journey we'll encounter an unlikely cast of interconnected characters including the tobacco and alcohol companies, big sugar, network television, big pharma, Gangster Rap executives, the prison industrial complex, 60s counterculture hero's, and the CIA. We go deep on this one, to illuminate the links that make up what amounts to a generations-long psyop created to weaken oppositions, addict and divide populations, delude individuals, and ultimately convince free people to trade their freedom for security. The information here moves fast and connects quickly, and my plan is to leave no stone unturned. In this episode we're going to explore a few serious topics that will cause us to look at some very familiar subjects in totally new ways. You know that's something I enjoy doing.  So join me my friend, for this episode of Renegade Files, and prepare to have your mind blown, as together we explore the ways Drug-Built Empires Become authoritarian, with a deep look into illegal Drugs: Weapons of the Deep State. Help Crowdfund RF on Patreon https://www.patreon.com/renegadefiles Get cool RF Merch https://www.bonfire.com/store/renegade-files/Visit and Share the Website http://therenegadefiles.comDig us on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/@renegadefiles  Follow RF on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/renegadefiles/  If you like the show, please leave us a 5 star review on Apple Podcasts or Spotify if you think we deserve it. (It helps the show find new listeners.) Thank you.Music and Audio Licensing:Theme Song: “Steve's Djembe” by Vani, FMA, licensed: Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 License.  “Disinformation Highway” by Flow Lab Cult, DV8NOW Records, licensed: Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. RF078 © 2025 Lex Gordon - DV8NOW Publishing

Welcome back! Thank you for listening to me for long! We cover the end and effects of the Thirty Years War this week. The war that devastated Germany for thirty years finally came to and end, and the European world would be changed, whether it wanted or not. No area sees this much war and doesn't change as a result. I hope you enjoyed this episode, and I'll see you next time with my continued epilogue!Support the show Email: 3decot@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3DecadesoftragedyWebsite: https://threedecadesoftragedy.com

Metz, France was host to one of the most prominent Jewish communities in the world at one point in history. An ancient Jewish community, it experienced a flourishing during medieval times before the Jews were expelled in 1365. Jewish settlement was again permitted in the mid-16th century and from 1648 following the Peace of Westphalia until the French Revolution in 1789, Metz experienced a golden age for its Jewish community. As one of the wealthiest Jewish communities in the world during this time, it attracted prestigious rabbinical talent with some of the greatest rabbis of the 18th century having served at its helm, including the Pnei Yehoshua, Rav Yonasan Eybuschitz, the Shaagas Aryeh and many others. It also funded a large yeshiva, and the town itself enjoyed demographic and economic growth. Following the French Revolution, the Metz community continued to thrive, but not as a center that it once was. Although much of the Metz Jewish community was decimated during the Holocaust, it was rebuilt and the Metz Jewish community continues to flourish until this very day.   Cross River, a leading financial institution committed to supporting its communities, is proud to sponsor Jewish History Soundbites. As a trusted partner for individuals and businesses, Cross River understands the importance of preserving and celebrating our heritage. By sponsoring this podcast, they demonstrate their unwavering dedication to enriching the lives of the communities in which they serve. Visit Cross River at https://www.crossriver.com/   Subscribe to Jewish History Soundbites Podcast on: PodBean: https://jsoundbites.podbean.com/ or your favorite podcast platform Follow us on LinkedIn, Twitter or Instagram at @Jsoundbites For sponsorship opportunities about your favorite topics of Jewish history or feedback contact Yehuda at:  yehuda@yehudageberer.com  

In this episode, on top of all the wargaming news, we dive into a common challenge for wargamers of all experience levels: finding new people to share the tabletop battlefield with. Whether you're new to the hobby or a seasoned wargamer looking to expand your circle, we discuss tips, tactics, and resources for finding like-minded players, from local clubs to online communities. Links: Vanguard Normandy (Warlord) https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/warlordgames/vanguard-normandy The Silver Bayonet: Italy: The Shades of Calabria (Osprey) The Armies of Westphalia and Wurzburg 1807-1814 The Fall of Berlin (RKX Miniatures) Des tranchées aux barricades: Revolt in the Desert Warfare 2024 Battleground Firestorm Games Footsore Miniatures

Welcome back! We come to the end to the war as the last fights of the war come to an end, the Treaty of Westphalia coming into being. The Siege of Prague was the last major battle of the war, and one of the most famous battles of the war. Thirty years of war has come to an end, and everyone will soon need to deal with the consequences of the war. Thank you for listening, and I'll see you guys next time!Support the show Email: 3decot@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3DecadesoftragedyWebsite: https://threedecadesoftragedy.com

Welcome back! I just realized this the 100th episode! Thank you all for listening for so long! This week we cover the start of the campaign that leads to the Siege of Prague, the last campaign of the war. It was the last gasp of major fighting as the Peace of Westphalia comes together. Both sides struggle as the allies advance upon their enemy. I hope you guys enjoy and I'll see you next time!Support the show Email: 3decot@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3DecadesoftragedyWebsite: https://threedecadesoftragedy.com

The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 ended the Thirty Years' War and started what we think of as modern nation-states. Listen to today's episode for more! Center for Civic Education

Send me a text!Why the Peace of Westphalia and the Nation State is critical and what war without sovereignty looks like.  Different quotes Support the Show.war102podcast@gmail.comhttps://www.reddit.com/r/War102Podcast/https://war102.buzzsprout.com

Send me a text!A purely academic definition and discussion of the theory of terrorism, from HOAs to global communism.Different quotes Support the Show.war102podcast@gmail.comhttps://www.reddit.com/r/War102Podcast/https://war102.buzzsprout.com

This is a great show! The penultimate Page/Plant gig, December 2, 1998 Oberhausen, Westphalia. Unbelievable chemistry between all band members. Jimmy Page is absolutely on fire, and super precise in his tone, and delivery. The band has never sounded better and they are ending their Walking Into Everywhere Tour with a hell of a bang. I play Heartbreaker, Walking Into Clarksdale (insane whammy work in this), and a How Many More Times for the ages.

Welcome back! Today we cover the events of 1646 as the war starts to come to an end. Granted the beginning of the end is still three years, but after nearly thirty years of on-and-off war, just having an end in sight is a relief. But like always, peace negotiations take time, and war continues as the fighting enters Westphalia, the sight of the negotiations. Thank you for listening and I'll see you guys next time!Support the Show. Email: 3decot@gmail.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/3DecadesoftragedyWebsite: https://threedecadesoftragedy.com

Was Jerome a failure as a navy commander, an army commander, and a king? Special guest Graeme Callister joins the program to discuss the youngest son of the Bonaparte family. X/Twitter: @graemecallister, @andnapoleon *Please follow us on YouTube, Spotify, and Facebook --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/generalsandnapoleon/support

The castle of Wewelsburg overlooks the village of the same name in Westphalia, Germany. It once belonged to the prince-bishops of Paderborn, and after that to the Kings of Prussia. In 1933 it came into the hands of Heinrich Himmler, a leading member of the Nazi Party and head of the Schutzstaffel (SS), the elite […] The post Franklin Case -Michael Aquino, US Army military intelligence officer specialized in PSYCHOLOGICAL warfare NOW Founder & High Priest of the Temple of Set…….Nazi Castle (Wewelsburg) To Be The ‘Centre of The World** Ukraine WAR Trafficking** appeared first on Psychopath In Your Life.

Napoleon's youngest brother Jerome was an endless headache for him. Lacking ambition but loving luxury, he fled a stint in the French navy (after nearly sparking a war with England) for America to wait out his brother's wrath. It was in Baltimore that he met the woman who would become his first wife, socialite Elizabeth Patterson. Marrying her against both her father's wishes and his brother's permission created quite a conundrum for all involved. Worse, when the young couple, now pregnant, tried to return to Europe to smooth things over, Jerome abandoned Betsy in order to be brought back into the fold - and eventually made King of Westphalia. Betsy gave birth to their son in London, the only harbor that would let her ship dock, and returned to America to build a fortune through canny real estate investing. She and her son spent decades splitting their time between America and Europe, where the Bonaparte women decided - finally - that they liked the headstrong Betsy, though she and Bo really wanted nothing to do with them. Perhaps that was the secret all along.Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Napoleon's youngest brother Jerome was an endless headache for him. Lacking ambition but loving luxury, he fled a stint in the French navy (after nearly sparking a war with England) for America to wait out his brother's wrath. It was in Baltimore that he met the woman who would become his first wife, socialite Elizabeth Patterson. Marrying her against both her father's wishes and his brother's permission created quite a conundrum for all involved. Worse, when the young couple, now pregnant, tried to return to Europe to smooth things over, Jerome abandoned Betsy in order to be brought back into the fold - and eventually made King of Westphalia. Betsy gave birth to their son in London, the only harbor that would let her ship dock, and returned to America to build a fortune through canny real estate investing. She and her son spent decades splitting their time between America and Europe, where the Bonaparte women decided - finally - that they liked the headstrong Betsy, though she and Bo really wanted nothing to do with them. Perhaps that was the secret all along. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The 100th returns from the Bremen mission after taking heavy casualties. Lt. Crosby replaces Captain Payne as the lead navigator and is promoted. Major Egan leads another bombing raid to Münster just days after the Bremen mission. The mission ends disastrously for the 100th after they are intercepted by swarms of fighters. All but one B-17, piloted by Lt. Rosenthal, are shot down. Having bailed from his doomed plane, Major Egan parachutes alone into the German countryside of Westphalia. Join Sean and James as they discuss this second transitional episode, in which  Lt. “Rosie” Rosenthal replaces Cleven and Egan as the heart and soul of the “Bloody 100th”

Think about the world. You might be picturing a globe in a classroom, with its patchwork of multi-colored nations. Or perhaps you have an image of a 2-D map in your head, the famous Mercator projection, a static jigsaw puzzle of borders and countries. From elementary school classrooms to the Olympic stage, the globe and the map tell a story of how the world works, one in which state sovereignty reigns supreme, from the Treaty of Westphalia until now. But what if that's only part of the story? As Quinn Slobodian writes, “The modern world is pockmarked, perforated, tattered and jagged, ripped up and pinpricked. Inside the containers of nations are unusual legal spaces, anomalous territories and peculiar jurisdictions..”Lawfare Managing Editor Tyler McBrien spoke with Quinn, Professor of History at Wellesley College, to discuss his new book, “Crack-Up Capitalism: Market Radicals and the Dream of a World Without Democracy.” They talked about some of these sites of exception—the city-states, havens, enclaves, free ports, high-tech parks, duty-free districts, and other spaces Quinn calls zones; why states give up these slivers of sovereignty; and how the world actually works, as Quinn sees it. Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.