History for the Curious

The existence of an Oral Law brought about debate and argument. So why not preserve it all in the Written text alone? And how do we decide who is right? Who makes that decision?  Are all Rabbis equally qualified? Can any Jew contribute to Torah?    Chapters 01:51 The Importance of Oral Law 06:06 Understanding Halacha and Truth 11:50 The Role of Teacher and Student in Torah 17:59 The Nature of Disputes in Torah 24:10 The Concept of Eilu ve Eilu 29:57 Halacha in Practice 44:01 The Role of the Sanhedrin 52:23 Defining a Talmid Chochom today

How do we classify the various sections of the Oral Law (Torah She'Baal Peh)? Is the Oral Law Rabbinic or Biblical? Why do we need an Oral Law? How was it transmitted through the generations?  Why do we record all the arguments in the Talmud and not just the conclusions?   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Reflections on Jewish Heritage 03:11 Understanding the Oral Law 05:58 Categories of Oral Law 09:00 The Role of Sages in Halacha 11:55 The Transmission of Torah 15:01 The Distinction Between Written and Oral Law 18:14 The Process of Halachic Decision-Making 20:49 The Authority of the Sages 23:50 Conclusion and Future Discussions 25:21 The Necessity of Oral Law 28:03 The Role of Oral Tradition in Judaism 30:00 Halachic Authority and the Importance of Analysis 36:51 Principles of Halacha and Their Application 44:29 The Spiritual Connection to Torah Study

Was the 1919 Baseball series really determined by hardline gamblers? Why did a Rabbi give the eulogy at a gangster's funeral? How did Issy Einstein become the greatest Prohibition Agent? What were the Nazis trying to achieve in America in 1939?   Chapters 00:00 The Dark Side of Baseball: The 1919 World Series Fix 16:54 The Rise and Fall of Arnold Rothstein 26:07 Izzy Einstein: The Prohibition Agent Who Became a Legend 27:29 The Dangers of Prohibition and Jewish Identity 29:00 Jewish Gangsters and Anti-Nazi Actions 32:40 The Rise of Anti-Semitism in America 36:58 The Madison Square Garden Rally and Jewish Resistance 40:51 Complexities of Jewish Identity and Resistance 43:46 Individual Acts of Courage Against Anti-Semitism 47:09 Post-War Contributions of Jewish Gangsters 50:57 The Transformation of Las Vegas by Jewish Mobsters 54:46 Lepke Buchalter and the FBI's Pursuit 56:42 Legacy of Jewish Gangsters and Their Impact

Between the wars - due mainly to Prohibition - crime flourished in America and Jews were not immune to the effects.  Gangs of irreligious working class Jews, made their fortunes and met their untimely ends during the 20s & 30s. But the narrative is not without a number of surprising twists, particularly in Chicago - the home of Al Capone.  And why did one notorious thief do Teshuva?   Chapters   00:00 The Rise of Jewish Gangsters in America 20:51 Prohibition: A Catalyst for Crime 24:00 The Interplay of Politics and Crime in Chicago 26:12 The Role of Jewish Gangsters in Chicago's Community 28:36 Protection and Power: The Duality of Gangster Generosity 29:12 Violence and Rivalry: The Miller Brothers' Story 31:51 The Rise and Fall of Jewish Organized Crime 34:15 Max Friedman: From Thief to Notorious Criminal 39:21 Rudensky's Escapes and Criminal Career 44:15 Transformation: From Criminal to Consultant 52:40 Legacy of Change: The Life of Red Rudensky

In the last 150 years, few things have created disputes in Jewish communities, in the way Eruvin has. Why? What makes an Eruv so very different to Kashrus? And in hindsight can we now work out who was right?  Could Yerushalayim hold the key?    Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Eiruv and Jewish Heritage 02:53 The Historical Context of Eiruv in Toronto 05:47 Rabbi Graubart's Contributions to Eiruv 09:01 The Evolution of Eiruv in Toronto 11:45 Challenges of Eiruv in Yerushalayim 15:03 Halachic Perspectives on Eiruv 17:51 Debates on Eiruv and Community Needs 21:00 The Role of Local Rabbanim in Eiruv Decisions 24:10 Conclusion and Future of Eiruv Discussions 30:11 The Complexity of Eruvin Decisions 34:30 Halachic Perspectives on Shabbos and Eruvin 39:51 Community Needs and Rabbinical Authority 45:40 Historical Context and Modern Implications of Eruvin 52:18 The Challenges of Eruvin in Contemporary Society

Documents and Responsa from across the Jewish world reveal that for centuries Jews discussed, debated and disagreed over the Shabbos Eruv Walled cities, canals, telegraph poles, Kabbala, fires and powerful secular rulers all played their role and affected entire communities. And from the 19th century onwards, strong personalities would influence and colour the narrative.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Erevin and Halacha 03:04 Understanding the Concept of Erevin 05:53 Historical Context of Erevin 08:54 Disputes and Rulings on Erevin 11:48 Erevin in Different Regions 14:55 The Role of Authority in Erevin 17:53 Contemporary Applications of Erevin 21:05 The Historical Context of Eruvin in Jewish Communities 24:41 Challenges and Innovations in Eruvin Construction 28:03 The Evolution of Eruvin in Krakow 36:00 Eruvin in the New World: St. Louis Case Study

(To book the Provence trip with Rabbi Tatz & Rabbi Hersh - email giana.elav@gmail.com) Jewish leadership found itself in a crisis post-1881, affecting not only their options but their identity. In response, Rabbis turned to the international community for help, especially from  non-Jewish politicians. This period was exacerbated by the publication of the infamous Protocols of the Elders of Zion and the notorious Kishinev pogrom of 1903, which was followed by the abortive 1905 Revolution. As a conclusion, the podcast also defines the historical context of Jewish suffering and the cycle of Jewish history.   Chapters 00:00 Understanding Jewish Suffering Through History 02:54 The Impact of the May Laws and Pogroms 05:53 The Shift in Jewish Identity and Response 09:05 The Role of Rabbinic Leadership During Crisis 12:08 International Responses to Jewish Persecution 15:00 The Kovner Circle and Smuggling Information 18:04 The Aftermath of Pogroms and Changing Policies 20:46 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and Its Legacy 27:53 The Systematic Transition to Violence 30:47 The Rise of Revolutionaries and the 1905 Uprising 36:32 Understanding Jewish Suffering Through History 39:27 Insights on Divine Purpose and Jewish Existence 51:10 The Cycle of Jewish History and Its Lessons

1855 brought a new dawn to Russia, and was embraced by many, although poverty remained a constant. When the Czar was assassinated, all hell broke loose and the Jews were given a stark reminder of their status. By 1897 Socialism, Zionism & Emigration seemed to offer the only routes out.   Chapters 00:00 The Shift in Jewish Education and Identity 01:46 The Impact of Tsar Alexander II's Reforms 06:40 The Rise of Jewish Assimilation and National Pride 12:46 The Economic Divide Among Jews 18:02 The Harsh Realities of Poverty in the Pale 22:34 The Reversal of Reforms and Growing Tensions 25:48 The Generational Divide and Revolutionary Movements 28:37 The Anarchist Campaign Against the Tsar 33:24 The Assassination of Tsar Alexander II 36:46 The Aftermath: Repression and Pogroms 41:04 The May Laws and Their Impact on Jewish Life 49:14 The Rise of Jewish Nationalism and Emigration 54:55 Historical Memory and Current Events  

Given the extreme circumstances, orders went out to remove informers using all available means; which led to arrests, interrogations and harsh sentences.   Meanwhile in 1844, the government issued a new decree forbidding traditional Jewish clothing and head coverings, with dire consequences.   Would Sir Moses Montefiore's visit alleviate any of these difficult challenges?   Chapters 00:00 The Struggle Against Forced Assimilation 02:55 The Role of Informants in Jewish Communities 05:47 The Consequences of Informing 08:51 The Murder of Informers and Community Response 15:01 The Rizhner's Imprisonment and Escape 21:11 The Clothing Decree and Its Implications 30:38 Resistance to Assimilation and Clothing Laws 37:55 Impact on Women and Family Dynamics 44:33 The Role of Sir Moses Montefiore 52:40 Continuing Challenges in the Russian Empire

Czar Nicholas hated Jews and Judaism in equal measure. He initiated 600 decrees against them over a 30 year period, and destroyed community life in Russia. The terror of his reign is relieved only by the faith and courage of families across the Pale of Settlement, carried out in defiance of the secret police and of Jewish informants.    Chapters 00:00 The Jewish Plight in the Russian Empire 02:54 Russian Policies and Jewish Resettlement 06:05 Nicholas I and the Cantonist Decree 08:57 The Impact of Conscription on Jewish Families 12:00 The Agony of Jewish Children in the Army 14:54 The Struggles of Jewish Identity and Survival 18:08 The Role of Informers and Community Dynamics 21:01 Resistance and the Response of Jewish Leaders 26:25 The Impact of the Cantonist Decrees 32:10 The Struggle for Jewish Identity 34:26 Nicholas I's Repressive Policies 36:51 Censorship and Cultural Suppression 39:43 The Role of Hevras in Jewish Life 40:40 Cohesion Amidst Oppression 44:50 The Irony of Forced Preservation 45:41 Educational Reforms and Their Consequences 53:08 Moses Montefiore's Visit to Russia 54:51 Reflections on Suffering and Resilience

For centuries, Russia was home to the largest Jewish community in the world. But why did Jews choose to move to a country that never wanted them? Understanding this complex history is at the heart of Jewish Modern history.  And was Kiev or Moscow the capital of the Empire.   Chapters 00:00 Political Intrigue 11:01 The History of Russian Jewry 25:48 Catherine the Great's Reign and Jewish Policies 27:41 The Transformation of the Russian Empire 30:00 The Jewish Population in Eastern Europe 34:21 The Impact of Russian Rule on Jewish Life 37:22 Resistance and Rebellion in Poland 40:01 Diverging Paths: Prussian and Galician Jews 42:11 The Russian Government's Approach to Jews 45:05 The Long Nightmare of Russian Governance 50:28 Reactions from Jewish Leaders 54:00 The Legacy of Eastern European Jewry

In Eastern Europe quacks and soothsayers were in abundance, as were invented remedies whilst the Ottoman Empire provided refuge from Spain but came with its own risk. But do the best doctors end up in Hell according to Jewish tradition? Can one give a vaccine that also kills people? And may one smoke on Shabbos to perform better surgery?   Chapters 00:00 The Landscape of Medical Practice in 18th Century Russia 02:55 The Role of Jewish Physicians in Europe 05:52 The Influence of Jewish Medical Practitioners in the Ottoman Empire 12:08 Challenges Faced by Jewish Physicians in France and Germany 18:00 The Ethical Dilemmas of Medical Practice 27:04 Reflections on the Medical Profession and Its Perception 27:50 The Weight of Medical Decisions 28:47 Personal Anecdotes and Cultural Reflections 32:31 Halachic Insights in Medical Practice 34:23 Ethical Dilemmas in Medicine 40:12 The Role of Transparency in Medical Decisions 41:20 Halachic Questions in Medical Scenarios

Why did Jewish doctors in the Middle East get involved in Politics? How should modern day doctors combine ethics and law? How many Jewish women medics were there in Europe? Who were the Chinese Jewish physicians? How do we define sanctity of Life? And should everyone own a copy of Pu Ji Fang?   Chapters 02:34 Jewish Doctors in the Islamic World 09:50 Cultural Interactions and Medical Ethics 15:04 Conversion and Identity Among Jewish Physicians 18:59 The Role of Women in Jewish Medicine 27:55 Marco Polo and Jewish Communities in China 29:36 Jewish Physicians in Chinese History 34:32 Personal Anecdotes: Medicine and Judaism in South Africa 49:05 Ethical Dilemmas in Medicine and Judaism 54:34 The Intersection of Autonomy and Jewish Law  

‘My son-in-law the Doctor' may be a cliche, but it is based on the very real narrative of thousands of Jewish physicians who practiced through the ages.  What was their environment during the Middle Ages in Christian Europe? How did Jewish doctors gain their knowledge? Why did the Popes always have a Jewish physician? And how are the Rambam's medical writings viewed today? Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Jewish Medicine and History 02:47 The Role of Jewish Physicians in Europe 06:10 Historical Context of Jewish Medical Literature 09:04 The Influence of Islamic Medicine on Jewish Practices 11:55 The Evolution of Medical Practices in Medieval Europe 15:14 The Relationship Between Jewish and Christian Physicians 18:02 The Societal Perception of Jewish Doctors 20:48 Accusations and Stereotypes Against Jewish Physicians 24:02 The Impact of the Black Death on Jewish Medicine 26:56 Conclusion: The Legacy of Jewish Medicine 33:37 The Perils of Jewish Physicians in History 46:00 The Legacy of Maimonides and Jewish Medicine 01:01:56 The Evolution of Medical Specialization and Its Impact

WWI was a catastrophic event for the Austrian Empire, and the Jews immediately became unwelcome residents.  When the Chancellor was assassinated it seemed that time was running out. However, Vienna still played host to important people and events in the inter-war years. The Chortkover Rebbe, the founding of Daf Yomi and a Zionist Congress. And then there was the unusual visit of the Lubavitcher Rebbe in 1903   Chapters 00:00 The Rise of Anti-Semitism in Pre-War Austria 02:55 World War I: A Turning Point for Austrian Jewry 06:05 Post-War Challenges: Economic Hardships and Scapegoating 08:55 The Emergence of Political Anti-Semitism 11:48 The Role of Universities in Anti-Semitic Sentiment 15:02 The Zionist Congress and Public Demonstrations 17:54 The Impact of Anti-Semitism on Jewish Identity 21:13 Conclusion: Lessons from History 26:35 The Rise of Anti-Semitism in Austria 29:50 Unexpected Allies: The Christian Social Chancellor 32:11 The Complex Relationship Between Jews and the Austrian Government 35:34 Internal Divisions Within the Jewish Community 39:17 The Role of Religious Leadership in Vienna 43:10 The Influence of the Chotkver Rebbe 50:11 The Encounter Between Freud and the Lu bavitcher Rebbe

Why did Vienna produce so many revolutionary Jews?   How Jewish was Freud? Was Herzl always a Zionist? Did the Beis Yakov movement actually start in Vienna rather than Krakow?   Nathan Birnbaum created the term Zionism - why don't we know more about him? What was Gustav Mahler's epitaph on his tombstone?   Chapters 03:12 Jewish Identity vs Jewish Society 06:04 Responses to Antisemitism: A Spectrum of Reactions 09:00 Five Cultural Figures and Their Influence 11:51 Theodor Herzl: From Assimilation to Zionism 20:54 The Collision of Ideas: Herzl and Viennese Jewry 23:50 Herzl's Proposals: Why they happened in Vienna 30:09 Nathan Birnbaum: The Ideologue of Zionism 35:24 Sigmund Freud: A Complex Jewish Identity 39:14 Freud's Psychoanalysis: Does it have religious value? 46:30 Rabbi Moshe David Flesch: A Voice for Jewish Women

It has long been suspected that the BBC is anti-Israel and employs pro-Palestinian reporters and editors. But how do you prove suspicion? And how far does the betrayal go?    Using objective forensic methodology and scientific analysis, a year long report was created by a team of researchers, spear-headed by Trevor Assesrson, that makes shocking reading and listening. Post-interview we then spoke to Rabbi Zev Leff, Rabbi Osher Weiss and others, to determine how we should react?   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Jewish History Podcast 01:07 Media Bias and Its Impact on Jewish Identity 03:25 Interview with Trevor Asserson: Uncovering BBC Bias 05:45 The Findings of the Asserson Report 10:06 Analysis of BBC Arabic Coverage 12:28 BBC Arabic and Its Influence 17:34 The BBC's Institutional Challenges 19:30 Hamas's Strategy and Media Reporting 24:24 BBC's Institutional Bias 27:14 Freedom of Information and BBC Accountability 32:20 Public Awareness and Criticism of the BBC 39:37 The Challenge of Objectivity in Reporting 40:34 Funding and Support for Continued Research 46:34 Conclusion and Call to Action

In the 1800s Vienna was one of the world's major cities, yet does not seem to have produced religious leadership? It nevertheless underwent a metamorphosis, which left it the victim of strong prejudice. Why did it experience such phenomenal growth in numbers and how - in just 4 decades - did Vienna become the centre of Jewish culture and science. What role did Rabbi Shmuel Yosef Bloch play?   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Jewish History Podcast 02:51 The Importance of Understanding Jewish History 06:12 Effie's Insights on Rabbi Hirsch's Work 07:05 Introduction to the Jews of Vienna 08:33 Vienna's Jewish History and Community Dynamics 10:29 Legal Status and Assimilation of Jews in Vienna 13:52 The Rise of Jewish Influence in Vienna 18:10 Anti-Semitism and Jewish Integration in Society 21:06 The Complex Relationship Between Jews and Non-Jews 24:00 Political Anti-Semitism and Its Consequences 26:25 Internal Anti-Semitism and Community Dynamics 28:45 The Crisis of Assimilation and Political Zionism 30:13 Jewish Identity in Late 19th Century Vienna 32:35 Religious Reform and Resistance in Vienna 36:22 The Showdown of Reform and Orthodox Judaism 43:30 Rabbi Yosef Schmuel Bloch: A Voice Against Anti-Semitism 54:50 Vienna's Jewish Community: A Historical Overview

Unlike militant Islam, our enemies in the West don't want the Jews wiped out. But what they are aiming for is far more sinister. It is a battle between Sheker and Emess, that goes back to Biblical times and encompasses Politics, Art & Science. The quest for peace may seem elusive, but in certain ways, we hold the keys to changing the narrative.   Summary This conversation delves into the complexities of Jewish identity, the historical context of anti-Semitism, and the current political landscape in the West, surrounding Israel and the ICC. It explores the philosophical underpinnings of truth, the influence of Greek thought on Jewish tradition, and the dangers of assimilation. The podcast looks at the Soviet Union, the Church, Blood Libels and the recent US elections.   Chapters 00:00 The ICC and Its Jurisdiction Over Israel 02:52 Historical Context of Jewish Enmity 06:14 The Nature of Modern Anti-Semitism 09:06 The Role of Truth and Falsehood 11:59 The Intersection of Science and Religion 14:52 The Influence of Greek Philosophy 18:12 The Political Landscape and Jewish Identity 21:09 The Dangers of Assimilation 24:03 The ICC's Bias Against Israel 26:51 The Call to Action for the Jewish Community 29:45 The Importance of Truth in Jewish Life

The ghetto walls were slowly coming down, but Mayer Anschel and Gutele refused to leave the Judengasse.   Unusual opportunities arose for the Rothschilds when Napoleon opened a port for smuggling gold, although all was not plain sailing. The result was an international network based on Mayer Amschel's instruction, where unity and the Jewish Nation reigned supreme.   Along the way,Taxis & Thurn, the Duke of Wellington & Hersh Liebman all formed part of the enduring and memorable narrative. But the question of the origins of his wealth, still remains unanswered....   https://koshertravelers.com/pesach-2025-elysium-resort-spa-hotel/   Chapters 00:00 The Rothschilds and European Finance 02:22 Emancipation and the Ghetto Experience 04:11 Tax Investigations and Business Operations 06:32 Smuggling and Trade Challenges 10:46 The Rise of Nathan Rothschild 12:40 The Smuggling Operations and Economic Impact 19:14 Nathan Rothschild: The Napoleon of Finance 23:03 Legacy of Mayer Amschel Rothschild 27:21 Legacy of Influence: The Rothschild Family's Values 30:09 Unity and Success: The Rothschild Brothers' Commitment 32:57 The Early Years: Rothschild's Business Practices and Challenges 39:00 Theft and Betrayal: A Rothschild Scandal Uncovered 42:45 Communication Innovations: The Rothschilds' Use of Pigeons and Telegraphs 46:57 The Portrait of Guttler Rothschild: A Family Legacy 51:14 Mysteries of Wealth: The Rothschilds and Their Historical Context

Denmark's bankruptcy gave Rothschild the opportunity he had been pursuing for 30 years, leaving a wake of furious Christian bankers behind him. A branch opens in London and the founder now changes to Family Rothschild, but Judaism remains uppermost. Napoleon's invasion forces the Rothschilds underground and secrecy, diplomacy and speed become the bywords of the dynasty.    Trip Details: Join us in exploring Jewish history across Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia with Rabbis Aubrey Hersh and Akiva Tatz. Limited spots available—contact Giana at giana.elav@gmail.com for details.   Chapters 00:00 The Rise of the Rothschild Dynasty 02:50 The Rothschild Family Structure and Dynamics 08:56 Challenges and Triumphs in the Ghetto 11:47 The Impact of War on Rothschild's Wealth 15:07 The Role of Secrecy in Rothschild's Success 18:00 The Legacy of Charity and Community 20:54 Political Maneuvering and Emancipation 24:11 The Rothschilds and the Napoleonic Wars 26:59 The Transformation into International Bankers 33:04 The Enduring Legacy of the Rothschild Family

The very name conjures up images of immense wealth, of banks and private government deals. It is accompanied by numerous conspiracy theories and unlikely legends. But the beginnings of the dynasty occurred in the overcrowded and isolated confines of the uninhabitable ghetto of Frankfurt. He rose to become the wealthiest Jew in Germany whilst remaining a Jew enclosed in a ghetto. It is a story that has never really been told. One that saw fortunes being lost and gained and that occured in the most unlikely of historical circumstances.   Summary This conversation explores the life and legacy of Mayer Amschel Rothschild, detailing his unlikely rise to wealth as a Jew in 18th century Frankfurt. It delves into the socio-economic conditions of the time, the anti-Semitic environment, and the significant events that shaped his fortune, including the French Revolution. The discussion highlights Rothschild's early ventures, his connections with influential figures, and the business landscape of Frankfurt, ultimately leading to the establishment of the Rothschild banking dynasty.   Takeaways The Rothschild name has become synonymous with immense wealth, yet Rothschild's rise to wealth could not have been foreseen . Life in the Judengasse was harsh and restrictive for Jews for many centuries. Frankfurt was a significant business hub in the 18th century. Rothschild's early ventures included trading coins and banking. His connections with royalty were crucial to his success. The French Revolution created opportunities for Rothschild. Within a decade afterwards, Rothschild and his sons became millionaires.     Chapters 04:20 Conspiracy theories 07:57 Life in Frankfurt's Judengasse 15:09 The Business Landscape of 18th Century Frankfurt 26:09 Rothschild's Early Ventures and Connections 29:30 Crown Prince William of Cassel-Hesse 37:58 The Impact of the French Revolution      

The question behind all our podcasts? What can we learn? How does it change us. Our matched funds campaign is now live. If you enjoy History for the Curious, Please sponsor our continued podcasts: www.charityextra.com/jle/podcast   The link will be live all of this week

During the 20th century, a number of individuals devoted their lives to helping the Jewish People; determined, courageous and innovative. Their fundraising efforts had an enormous impact on the Jewish world. Their stories need to be heard.    Charity also raises Halachic dilemmas for donors and recipients alike. And then there is a unique opportunity to introduce a History for the Curious podcast !   Join our fundraiser this week, to help double our audience. Link goes live on Motze Shabbos 2nd November -  www.charityextra.com/jle/podcast     Summary This conversation explores significant moments in Jewish fundraising history: people, events and campaigns. It emphasizes the importance of charity and community support and delves into the historical context of Jewish fundraising efforts, particularly in the aftermath of World War II. It highlights the transformative power of community support, the guilt felt by American Jewry for not doing enough during the war, and the significant contributions made by individuals like Henry Morgenthau. The discussion also touches on the evolution of fundraising methods, including the rise of online platforms that democratize giving. Halakhic perspectives on fundraising practices are also explored, such as revealing names of donors and repayments for loans   Takeaways WWI brought various Jewish organisations together to help Jews internationally. Rabbi Elya Chaim Meisels played a crucial role in building Lodz's infrastructure and exemplified selflessness. The Ponovezher Rov's efforts saved many lives during the war. True fundraising requires a deep understanding of the cause. Building a future is more important than memorializing the past. The impact of individual donors can transform communities. Historic fundraising campaigns have shaped the Jewish community's response to crises. The ongoing struggle for Jewish survival is echoed in historical fundraising efforts. Halakhic issues play a crucial role in the ethics of fundraising. Online fundraising has transformed how charities engage with donors.    Chapters 03:03 Fundraising History: A Chilly Evening in Chicago 10:36 Rabbi Elya Chaim Meisels: His foresight and his support of scholars, trade unionists and cholera victims 16:53 The Ponovezher Rov: Resilience and Courage After the Holocaust 29:33 Historic Fundraising Campaigns Post-WWII 33:25 Guilt and Responsibility in Fundraising 39:13 The Fight for a Jewish State and Golda Meir's financial campaign 43:57 Halakhic Fundraising Dilemmas 51:01 The Evolution of Online Fundraising 54:45  Win the chance to introduce a History for the Curious Podcast

His arrival to England was accompanied both by miracles and threats. Soon thereafter he was elected as the Av Beis Din in London, where he faced many battles: the non-religious lay leadership, the dangers of the Blitz during WWII and a family that was becoming fragmented. His tenacity and resilience saw him succeed and his influence on British Jewry extends to the present day. Moving to Eretz Yisrael in 1951 brought new challenges and new opportunities for Torah. However his son Chimen was an enigma to the end; a genius who fought for the Jews but lost his Judaism.     Summary This conversation delves into the life and legacy of Dayan Abramsky, a prominent Jewish leader in London during the mid 20th century. It explores his resilience through adversity, his commitment to maintaining kosher standards, and his significant role in the Jewish community during World War II.  The discussion highlights almost miraculous escapes and the personal sacrifices made by him and his family. This conversation delves into the life and legacy, exploring the complexities of his family dynamics, particularly the ideological conflicts faced by his son Chimen, who became a communist despite his father's religious background. Anecdotes and reflections on his character and teachings provide a rich context for understanding his contributions to Jewish life and thought.   Takeaways Dayan Abramsky was instrumental in raising the standards of Judaism in England. Courtroom battles highlighted the importance of truth in Jewish law. Abramsky's family faced immense struggles during the Soviet era. Innovative solutions were necessary to address wartime challenges. Chimen's political journey reflects a complex relationship with his father's legacy. influence on British Jewry is still felt today. The contradictions in Chimen's life highlight the complexities of identity.   Chapters 00:00 The Miraculous Stories of Survival 06:35 Challenges of Jewish Leadership in London 10:51 The Fight for Kosher Standards 15:29 Courtroom Battles and Upholding Truth 17:56 Family Struggles and Personal Sacrifices 20:19 Community Engagement and Responsibilities 23:09 Innovative Solutions During Wartime 34:33 Chimen's Political Journey and Ideological Conflicts 39:34 Dayan Abramsky's Influence and Legacy in Israel

Brought up in a village which did not have a minyan of Jews; a self-taught child genius. His life was shattered by the Russian civil war and the new anti-religious communist Soviet Union. He was hounded, arrested and eventually imprisoned in Siberia, but his faith remained untouched.  His thoughts and writings on Prayer emerge through this period of his life.     Summary This conversation delves into the life of Dayan Abramsky, a Jewish figure who faced immense challenges during the Soviet regime. It explores his arrest, the impact on his family, his resilience in the face of adversity, and the international efforts made for his release. The discussion also highlights his reflections on faith, prayer, and the significance of Eretz Yisrael in Jewish identity.   Take-aways Faith played a crucial role in survival during hardships. The Chafetz Chaim's letter was pivotal in seeking help. Rav Abramsky's early education shaped his future leadership. The civil war in Russia had devastating effects on the Jews. Important ideas for prayers on Rosh Hashana & Yom Kippur   Chapters 00:00 The Arrest and Its Impact 03:12 Survival in  Adversity 06:02 The early years of Dayan Abramsky 08:54 Education and Influences 11:45 The Turbulent Times of War 15:09 Resistance Against Oppression 18:02 The Struggles of Jewish Life in the Soviet Union 20:53 Imprisonment and Interrogation 24:14 International Efforts for Release 27:07 Reflections on Suffering and Faith 29:55 The Journey to Freedom 33:13 The Aftermath and New Beginnings 36:06 The Connection to Eretz Yisrael

Jews paid the Crown for the privilege of getting married, divorced or converted. London ran into politics with its synagogues, Norwich became the first city for blood libels, yet the priests of Canterbury were fully supported by the Jews.    Despite these difficulties, Torah scholarship and even Kabbalah flourished in England. And that's besides the 6,000 herrings….     Chapters 02:19 The Role of Women in Medieval Jewish Society 11:42 Marriage vs Economic Dynamics in Jewish Communities 15:15 Canterbury, Oxford & London 20:27 The conversion of Christians to Judaism  34:17 The Influence of Jewish Scholars in Medieval England 38:31 Rabbi Elia: A Multifaceted Leader in Jewish Life 48:31 Crime and Community

Invited to settle by William the Conqueror, when Winchester was the capital city, the 220 year history of Jews in England is seen as a narrative of money-lending and expulsion. But the real story is far more gripping. Jews settled across the Land, becoming the wealthiest in the process. Women were advisors to the royal court and an ancient Roman gold coin ended up in Britain, along with its invaders.   Chapters 00:00 The Historical Context of Jewish Life in England 02:48 The Arrival and Integration of Jews in Medieval England 06:01 The Role of Jewish Moneylending in English Society 08:51 Licoricia of Winchester: A Case Study 12:09 The Impact of Royal Decrees on Jewish Autonomy 14:56 The Decline of Jewish Prosperity in England 17:50 The Church's Influence on Jewish Life 21:09 The Tragic End of Licoricia and Her Legacy 24:03 The Aftermath of Licoricia's Life 26:52 The Evolution of Jewish Women's Roles 29:47 Conclusion: Reflections on Jewish History in England

The Torah explicitly forbids lending money at interest, yet the Hetter Iska document seems to allow it. Is it legal? Should we all have one? Did the 17th century create a watershed moment?   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Overview 02:26 The Historical Context of Money in Jewish History 08:11 The Role of the Vaad Arba Arotzos in Creating the Hetter Iska Document 11:29 Navigating Financial Transactions within the Framework of Halacha 19:27 Understanding the Document 35:04 The Prohibition of Ribis (interest bearing loans) 43:18 Different Types of Hetter iska

Rabbi Yossi Steiner spent the war years on the run - as a child - and survived through a series of miracles.   He found himself alone in a ghetto, needing to take care of his 5 year old brother. He hid in a bunker for 9 months, whilst Nazis came searching with trained dogs. He crossed borders through forests and fields and spent months pretending to be a mute child.   His story and that of the non-jewish family who saved him, must be heard...   To see a clip of the bunker that saved R' Steiner, click here - https://www.jle.org.uk/pages/podcast   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Background 02:19 Life Before the War 03:46 Imposition of Decrees and Restrictions 06:14 Escape to Hungary 09:38 Safety in Hungary and the Divide Between Hungarian Jews and Jewish Refugees 13:25 Dangers for Foreign Jews in Hungary 16:20 Desperate Attempts to Save Loved Ones 21:52 Life Under False Identities 27:03 Return to Slovakia 29:00 Escape and Disappearance 30:28 Hiding and Seeking Refuge 31:57 The Mosulak Family's Heroic Act 32:55 The Consequences of the Slovak Uprising 34:22 Nazi Threats and Close Calls 36:20 Living in Fear and Constant Danger 37:19 Jan Mosulak's Courageous Denial 43:29 Honoring the Mosulak Family 46:40 The Fear and Resilience of a Child 50:33 The Importance of Not Giving Up 52:49 Finding Meaning in Loss and Tears

1945. The war is over and Germany is in chaos. But now the church has to explain its silence. And two other groups emerge.   There are thousands of Jewish orphans scattered across Europe. At the same time there are thousands of Nazis on the run. Will justice prevail?   Chapters 00:00 The Church's Denial and Defense 04:19 Suppression of the Draft Encyclical 16:17 Treatment of Jewish Children in Convents 25:43 Collaboration with the International Red Cross 28:06 Complicity and Deficient Moral Map 30:30 Complicity of the Red Cross and the Catholic Church 38:39 The Role of the Red Cross in Aiding Nazis 46:10 The Vatican's Opposition to the Nuremberg Trials 54:39 Positive Contributions of the Red Cross and the Church

Berlin 1936 saw Germany win more Gold medals than any other country, while the world looked on. But at what price? How aware was the Church of Jewish persecution? What role did the ordinary German play in Hitler's regime? And what motivated those who saved Jews? Chapters 00:00 The Berlin Olympics of 1936: Hitler's Showcase 05:04 Calls to Boycott or Relocate the Olympics 09:42 Why Did Ordinary Germans Participate in the Holocaust? 18:42 The Role of Obedience and Peer Pressure 23:24 The Church's Influence on Anti-Semitism 28:36 The Catholic Church's Silence and Inaction 31:27 Debating the Motivation behind the Church's Inaction 49:24 Individuals and Churches that Actively Helped and Saved Jews  

In 1944 X-troop were fighting in France. With heavy losses and secret identities, some of them would tragically be buried under a cross. By 1945 they had made their way to Germany, always searching for family members who may have survived, even if this required driving across no-man's land into enemy territory. When the war ends, they begin a new mission, rooting out Nazis in Germany & Austria. But Judgement is hard to come by.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction: X-Troop's Mission 17:24 Finding Family: Ron Gilbert's Search 25:01 Manfred Gantz's Journey to Terezin 31:41 Rescuing Family: The Personal Mission of the X-Troop 38:00 Post-War Challenges and Denazification 44:43 Bravery and Resilience: The Legacy of the X-Troop 49:58 Conclusion: Lessons from the Holocaust

To donate tefillin for the soldiers, please click - https://bit.ly/historyforthecurioustefillin   Forged through adversity and fuelled by the fate of their families who were trapped in Nazi Europe, a ragtag crew of Jewish refugees volunteered to become an elite army unit and significantly impact the enemy during WWII.   Initially interned as enemy aliens they risked their lives time and time again. A quarter of them would fall in battle.   Chapters   00:00 Introduction: The Story of Jewish Refugees in World War II 05:24 Joining an Elite Commando Troop 10:17 A Jewish Soldier's Encounter with Field Marshal Rommel 13:29 Obtaining Vital Intelligence for the Allies 16:57 The X-troop: Jewish Refugees Fighting Against the Nazis 21:04 Challenges and Discrimination Faced by Jewish Refugees 25:28 The Impact of Antisemitism and Propaganda 26:54 The Cruelty Faced by Jewish Refugees 29:20 The Formation of the X-Troop 30:19 Intense Training and Preparation 39:27 Crucial Roles in the D-Day Landings 45:30 Bravery and Resilience in the Face of Challenges

To appreciate Rabbi Akiva Eger we need to understand his era;   The cholera epidemic he lived through, the personalities of his generation as well as his rulings and how they were set out.   Who was he really and what did he look like?   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Rabbi Akiva Eger 13:46 Rabbi Akiva Eger's Role During the Cholera Epidemic 27:09 Conflict with the Community and the Hospital Management 35:31 The Accuracy of Portraits Depicting Rabbi Akiva Eger 38:49 Legacy and Impact of Rabbi Akiva Eger

Famous as a scholar and lamdan, his life was beset by challenges and setbacks, all of which he faced with remarkable fortitude. As the leader of Central Europe's Jewry, the impact of his writings and personality re-wrote the history of the 19th century for the Jews   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Government Intervention 08:01 Reb Akiva Eger's Scholarship and Influence 16:10 Reb Akiva Eger's Reluctance to Give Decisions 27:21 The Appointment Controversy in Posen 35:24 Acts of Kindness and Strength in Psak 39:40 Conclusion and Preview of Part 2

Unraveling the Mystery  - Who was Moshe de Leon? How did the Zohar impact Jewish history? Is there a deep divide between Academics & Kabbalists. What did Rav Yaakov Emden write? And how was Marriage seen in 13th century Spain?   Chapters 00:00 Introduction: The Mystery of the Zohar 13:09 The Historical Context of Spain in the 13th and 14th Centuries 30:42 The Impact of the Zohar on Jewish History and Thought 31:12 The Complexity of the Zohar 34:01 Geographic References in the Zohar 36:48 Questioning the Existence of Places in the Zohar 38:14 The Enigma of Moshe de Leon 41:02 Possible Origins of the Zohar 44:17 The Role of Roshun Beychai in the Zohar 49:00 Different Perspectives on the Zohar 52:22 Understanding the Entire Torah 54:19 The Beliefs of a Believing Jew 58:59 The Laws of Shmita  

In the 1200s Spanish Jewry faced great challenges within the community including Murder, Immorality & Defection.   This was exacerbated by dangerous teachings within Kabbalah which had to be rooted out by the Rashba and banned. But 700 years later a pathway was found to Redemption.    Chapters 00:00 Challenges of 13th-Century Spain: Tensions, Wealth, and Power 03:06 Controversies in Jewish Scholarship: Philosophy and Kabbalah 08:20 Internal Conflicts and Legal Authority 15:03 Religious Challenges and the Ban on Philosophy 26:50 The Legacy of Rabbi Avraham Abulafia 48:26 Kabbalistic Techniques and Mathematics

The Golden Age was over but what drove Jews to settle in Christian Spain? What is the true story of the pirates in Cordoba? Why was the commentary of the Rif so vital and why did the Ba'al HaMaor critique it? Who controlled the Jews: The Church or The Kings?   Chapters: 00:00 Introduction and Background 03:05 Legends and Stories in Jewish History 08:50 Prominent Jewish Scholars and Physicians 16:30 Transition from Muslim to Christian Rule 24:48 Power Dynamics: Kings and the Church 29:00 Challenges to Jewish Authority 31:58 Clothing and Distinguishing Marks 36:12 Freedom and High Profile 39:01 Tensions and Uncertainty    

A unique world existed for two centuries in which a  Jewish general lead Moslem armies into battle and authored 1,500 poems while Chasdai, the most famous Jew, discovered the antidote to poison and oversaw the creation of Jewish grammar. Was Yosef Hannagid responsible for the death of an Arab prince? And how did Spain over-rule Babylonia?   Chapters 00:00 Introduction to the Golden Age of Spanish Jewry 14:18 The Achievements and Influential Figures of the Golden Age 35:58 The Cultural Significance of Poetry and Literature 39:21 Emergence of Jewish Literary Works in Muslim Spain 41:37 The End of the Golden Age 43:28 Disputes Among Jewish Grammarians

The history of the Jews in Spain has always been part of our collective memory. But the real story starts 1,000 years earlier.   Long before the Rishonim, flourishing communities existed. What were their lives like? Why do we not know more about them? And what happened in 711CE?   For the trip, please email: giana.elav@gmail.com   Chapters 00:00 The Visigothic Period: Anti-Jewish Legislation and Forced Conversions 15:40 The Muslim Invasion: The Golden Age of Spain for Jews 33:43 Uncovering the Forgotten History: The Jews of Spain

Do synagogues have rights over membership? Why did a Chazan risk excommunication in Perpignan? Why were responsa printed in defiance of the author's wishes? And the 1708 Chametz glue on a Pesach document…     Chapters 00:00 Excommunication and Imposing Bans 06:18 Excommunication and Scholarly Disputes 13:28 The Role of the Chazan in the Synagogue 26:04 Insights from Historical Responsa    

For centuries Jews faced restrictions building their shuls.   Halachic questions arose across Europe concerning rights, ownership and use. And closer to our day, when communities split, the assets would often be fought over.   For the trip, please email: giana.elav@gmail.com     Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Overview 07:41 Shul as a Place of Assembly and Governance 14:13 Challenges in Shul Expansion and Renovation 29:14 Ownership and Rights of a Community in a Shul 38:13 The Changing Dynamics of Shuls and the Role of Trustees

In times of war and peace and throughout the centuries, Jews have asked questions. Some became the foundations of halacha, others were forgotten. In this episode we trace back through the ages to find that the new is often very old.   To purchase Dayan Hools book, click here - Beth Din Commercial Arbitration:  https://amzn.eu/d/hSkOB53   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Urgency of the Question 03:04 The Importance of Responsa in Jewish Law 06:22 Preserving and Recording Responsa 10:45 Debates on Jewish Community and Communal Organization 14:04 Reduction in Responsa and the Need for New Answers 25:46 Communal Financial Responsa in Times of Crisis 26:42 Repurposing Funds and the Power of Handwriting 29:37 Contributing to Communal Projects in Tehran 30:06 Apportioning Funds for Weddings and Inflation 31:02 Returning Donations Given in Error 35:22 The Role of Community Contributions 51:01 Security as an Individual Requirement      

Unlike the secular worldview, Jewish history looks at individuals and at details. And although we have closely followed the general conflict in Israel, we are at arm's length from the war. Hearing first-hand some of the challenges that Yona Pinchos Gedalia ben Soroh Chana faced, will thereby give a deeper perspective to what Israel is experiencing.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Purpose of the Episode 03:04 The Importance of Individuals in Jewish History 06:28 The Jewish View of History 09:20 Lessons from the Story of Esther 12:10 Interview with a Soldier who Fought in Gaza 19:25 Powerful and Evocative Moments in Gaza 22:15 Worrying about Family and Coping with Breaks 27:55 The Role of Faith and Processing the Experience 35:10 Takeaway: Making Sacrifices and Supporting Soldiers

To Watch This Podcast, click here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRbtzDOtBAY&t=2021s   A wide-ranging discussion with author & international broadcaster Douglas Murray, on the questions: Why the Media Lie - The Liberal Left -  Antisemitism, modern and ancient - The Future in Israel.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Personal Connection 00:38 Interview with Douglas Murray 06:50 Journalistic Bias and Bigotry 09:40 Media Coverage of Israel-Palestine Conflict 11:37 Displacement of Israeli Families 14:30 Impact of Advocacy and Truth 21:33 Denial and Response to Terrorism 22:41 Complacency and Strategic Thinking 24:35 Israel's Technological Advantages 25:24 Living with Rockets 26:21 Deprogramming Hate 27:48 Education and De-Radicalization 29:40 The Insoluble Problem 30:09 The Future of Palestine 31:28 Anti-Semitism and Humanity 32:27 Anti-Semitism on Campuses 33:20 Sinister and Stupid Anti-Semitism 34:29 The Disappearance of Adults 35:25 Liberalism and Judaism 36:18 Two Types of Liberalism 37:09 The Rise of Anti-Semitism 38:08 The Perception of Jews 39:04 The Danger of Open Borders 40:27 Anti-Semitism in Eastern Europe 41:18 Anti-Semitism and Liberalism 42:37 Anti-Semitism as a Reality 43:06 Decency and Solidarity 45:32 Running for Public Office 46:28 Supporting Threatened MPs

The Karaites arrive in Ponovezh, Lithuania; Seraya Shapshal abruptly changes direction; Ibn Ezra writes Zemirot [link below]; the Nazis preside over a Karaite debate; Voltaire quotes a Karaite scholar; The 21st century reconfigures Karaism.   Ki Eshmera Shabbat - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Um8Z5Wdok-WeA7zNmKFkEjG06eH21Sax/view?usp=drivesdk   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Background 03:16 Karaites in Ponovitch 04:42 Karaites in Trakai 06:35 Relations with Orthodox Jews 09:27 Karaites under Tsarist Russia 15:15 Secularization and Reform 19:28 Communist Rule and World War II 24:12 Karaites and the Holocaust 28:30 Communist Rule and Decline 29:57 Karaites in the Middle East 32:47 Karaites in Europe and the USA 35:10 Karaites in Israel 39:24 Halakhic Status of the Karaites 44:43 The Evin Ezra and the Karaites 47:05 Conclusion

Refugees arrived in Egypt from Toldeo in 1459, with ideas of their own. But as the centuries progressed, the Karaites spread out from the Middle East. Crimea became the headquarters of the movement. However Abraham Firkowitz had his own ideas about history, in which facts did not necessarily feature. Although St. Petersburg owes him a continuing debt of gratitude.   Chapters 00:00 Quarrel between Karaites and Rabbinites in 1833 03:17 Karaites in Egypt in the mid-1400s 06:05 Karaites and Rabbanites in 1465 07:01 Karaites seeking religious answers from Muslim jurists 08:30 Karaites' status as Jews 10:22 Karaites in Crimea and Eastern Europe 13:17 Karaites in Crimea in the late Middle Ages 19:33 Russian rule over Crimea and discriminatory laws 20:58 Avram Firkovich and his forgeries 25:35 Firkovich's influence and success 36:29 Firkovich's efforts and legacy

1,200 years ago, a new form of Judaism was created, and it has lasted through the centuries. How far did Karaism spread? Did the Rambam allow them to be circumcised? Did Islam bring about the new ideology? And why would they observe Rosh Hashana without a Shofar?   Please email giana.elav@gmail.com for details on the upcoming Vienna Trip.   Chapters   00:00 Introduction to the Karaites 03:07 Beliefs and Practices of the Karaites 05:32 Rav Saadia Gaon and the Defense of Orthodoxy 06:29 Origins and Founding of the Karaites 09:19 Historical Context and Factors Influencing the Karaites 11:12 Interaction between Karaites and Orthodox Jews 15:24 Halakhic Requirements and Practices of the Karaites 20:04 Stringency and Uniqueness of Karaites' Observance 21:24 Differences in Shabbat Candle Lighting and Prayer 23:50 Comparison with the Sadducees and Tzadokim 24:46 Relationship between Karaites and Orthodox Jews 25:44 Spread of the Karaites in Iraq, Jerusalem, and Egypt 29:08 Presence of Karaites in Constantinople and Cyprus 32:56 Decline of Karaites in Jerusalem 35:20 Karaites in Egypt and Influence of the Rambam 39:34 Karaites in Toledo and Mixed Marriages

When Europe became the battleground between opposing armies, a very unlikely candidate met up with the Pope and proposed a solution. It would involve the Jews, and start in the heart of Inquisition Portugal. But it brought about unexpected results. Ultimately we have a cloak and a flag to reflect upon.   Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Trip Announcement 01:24 ICJ Case Against Israel 03:16 Ongoing Case and Accusation of Genocide 04:12 Podcast Achievement and Offline Listening 05:07 Introduction to the Story of Shlomo Molcho and David Reuveni 06:05 Arrival of David Reuveni in Venice 07:02 Encounter between David Reuveni and Diego Pérez 09:26 David Reuveni's Background and Travels 10:52 David Reuveni's Arrival in Rome 11:47 David Reuveni's Meeting with Pope Clement VII 12:45 David Reuveni's Visit to Portugal 16:29 Shlomo Molcho's Life in Salonika 18:50 Shlomo Molcho's Return to Italy 20:12 Shlomo Molcho's Meeting with Pope Clement VII 22:31 Shlomo Molcho's Imprisonment and Execution 23:29 Meeting with Emperor Charles V 24:47 Emperor's Reaction and Execution of Shlomo Molcho 25:43 Conclusion and Legacy of Shlomo Molcho 31:23 Discussion on Shlomo Molcho's Motivations 33:44 Reactions and Impact of Shlomo Molcho 36:05 Closing Remarks and Trip Announcement

A moving, personal first-hand account of trial, tribulation and faith. Recorded live at the JLE.   Chapters 00:00 The Kidnapping of Ori Danino 03:29 The Search for Ori 05:24 Ori's Heroic Actions 08:08 The Power of Emunah 09:32 Seeing Hashem in Difficult Times 12:12 The Unexplainable Nature of the War 13:47 Praying and Believing in Hashem 15:53 A Message to Ori 17:20 Coping with Disappointment 18:44 The Impact of Ori's Story 19:43 The Power of Emunah from Generations Past 23:40 A Call to Prayer