Podcasts about ha joon chang

What is going on with the world's economy? It all started way before 2025 says Ha-Joon Chang, one of the world's leading economists. He joins us to unpack the deeper causes of today's instability and inequality. With over 2.5 million books sold worldwide — including 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism and Edible Economics— Chang argues that the dominant economic theory of the last 40 years, neoliberalism, has failed the many while enriching the few. Get Edible Economics here: https://shorturl.at/kZM7f

Andrew For America talks about how education and economics can be (and often are) corrupted by the system of control or the type of "state" or “government” that a large group of people live under. A small group of people are always in control of everyone else, be it capitalism, democracy, socialism, whatever…and that small group of people end up dictating how everyone else in the society is “supposed to” live. Andrew plays clips from and reads pieces by Milton Friedman, Dr. Ha-Joon Chang, Matt Kibbe, Dr. Richard Wolff, Jordan Maxwell, Alec Zeck, and George Carlin to help illustrate his points.The song selections are the songs, "Firecracker," "I'll Be Fine, It's The World That's Not Right," and "Push the Button, Start The End" by the band Noise Republic (aka RPBLiK)Visit allegedlyrecords.com and check out all of the amazing punk rock artists!Visit soundcloud.com/andrewforamerica1984 to check out Andrew's music!Like and Follow The Politics & Punk Rock Podcast PLAYLIST on Spotify!!!Check it out here: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/1Y4rumioeqvHfaUgRnRxsy...politicsandpunkrockpodcast.comhttps://linktr.ee/andrewforamericaWatch and learn about these awesome offers for your survival needs from former Afghanistan war veteran, police officer, and citizen journalist, Mr. Teddy Daniels:Operation Blackout Survival Guide: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://internalblackout.com/?a=683&c=434&s1=⁠⁠⁠⁠Famine Fighter Survival Food Supply: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://foodforthesoul.co/?a=683&c=407&s1=⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠FinalFamine Survival Food Growing Book: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://finalfoodprepper.com/?a=683&c=433&s1=⁠⁠⁠⁠Devils Dollar Currency Survival Book: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://dbhtrkg.com/?a=683&c=468&s1=⁠

Send us a textThis week let's chat about a great book by Ha-Joon Chang, it's called 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism. The book is easy to read, even if you don't have a background in economics, or even if you're a little suspicious of the field.ICYMI another episode you might enjoy:Episode#118 Maybe banks don't have to suck: an intro to CDFIsLove the book recos on this show? Check out the Progressive Pockets Bookshelf:https://bookshop.org/shop/progressivepockets As an affiliate of Bookshop.org, Progressive Pockets will earn a commission if you make a purchase.Connect With Genet “GG” Gimja:Website https://www.progressivepockets.comTwitter https://twitter.com/prgrssvpckts Work With Me:Email progressivepockets@gmail.com for brand partnerships, business inquiries, and speaking engagements.Easy Ways to Support the Show1. Send this episode to someone you know! Word of mouth is how podcasts grow!2. Buy me a coffee (or a soundproof panel!) https://buymeacoffee.com/progressivepockets 3. Leave a 5 star rating and review for the show!//NO AI TRAINING: Any use of this podcast episode transcript or associated show notes or blog posts to “train” generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to generate text is expressly prohibited. This includes, without limitation, technologies that are capable of generating works in the same style or genre as this content. The author reserves all rights to license uses of this work for generative AI training and development of machine learning language models//Support the show

Glenn reacts to Trump and Zelensky's explosive exchange at the White House. Plus: Glenn answers audience questions about the Aleksandr Dugin interview, Ukraine, and more. -------- Watch full episodes on Rumble, streamed LIVE 7pm ET. Become part of our Locals community Follow Prof. Ha-Joon Chang's work Follow System Update:  Twitter Instagram TikTok Facebook LinkedIn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this special interview from Moscow, Glenn interviews key Russian analyst Aleksandr Dugin about how Russia is reacting to Trump's second term, the Ukraine war, and the expanding influence of globalism. Watch full episodes on Rumble, streamed LIVE 7pm ET. Become part of our Locals community Follow Prof. Ha-Joon Chang's work Follow System Update:  Twitter Instagram TikTok Facebook LinkedIn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Exclusive from CPAC: Michael Tracey's WWII chat with Steve Bannon, interviews with two former prime ministers, CPAC divisions over AfD, and more -------------------------------- Watch full episodes on Rumble, streamed LIVE 7pm ET. Become part of our Locals community Follow Prof. Ha-Joon Chang's work Follow System Update:  Twitter Instagram TikTok Facebook LinkedIn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Glenn takes questions from our audience on DOGE, pro-Israel indoctrination, censorship in Brazil, and more. -------------------------------- Watch full episodes on Rumble, streamed LIVE 7pm ET. Become part of our Locals community Follow Prof. Ha-Joon Chang's work Follow System Update:  Twitter Instagram TikTok Facebook LinkedIn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

South Korean economist and author of "Kicking Away the Ladder" Prof. Ha-Joon Chang discusses the role of the IMF and World Bank in the global economy, the West's unwavering belief in neoliberal economic policies, U.S. competition with the Chinese tech industry, and more. ------------------- Watch full episodes on Rumble, streamed LIVE 7pm ET. Become part of our Locals community Follow Prof. Ha-Joon Chang's work Follow System Update:  Twitter Instagram TikTok Facebook LinkedIn Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

De BRICS-landen verenigen zich tégen het Westen en dat moet ons zorgen baren, horen we de laatste tijd steeds vaker, bijvoorbeeld na de recent BRICS-top in Rusland. Maar waarom hebben de BRICS-landen genoeg van het Westen? Is het puur opportunisme of hebben ze er ook goede redenen voor? In deze aflevering hoor je zaken over het mondiale economische systeem die ongehoord zijn, letterlijk en figuurlijk. Je hoort aan de hand van sterke argumenten van de Zuid-Koreaanse econoom Ha-Joon Chang waarom wij in het Westen onbarmhartige Samaritanen zijn, en hoe dat zo gekomen is. Je komt te weten waarom beleidsrecepten, zoals importheffingen en staatssteun, die bij "orthodoxe" economen volstrekt uit den boze zijn, toch noodzakelijk zijn om als land de ladder richting welvaart te beklimmen. En je hoort wat de potentieel desastreuse consequenties zijn als Westerse landen vasthouden aan het huidige, onrechtvaardige mondiale economische systeem en vooral: hoe het anders kan. Uiteraard benoemen we ook wat jij als luisteraar kunt doen om eerlijk te handelen binnen een oneerlijk systeem.Bronnen: Ha-Joon Chang, Bad Samaritans: The Guilty Secrets of Rich Nations and the Threat to Global ProsperityDani Rodrik, Straight Talk on Trade: Ideas for a Sane World EconomyNPO-serie Ketens (over de herkomst van veelgekochte producten): https://npo.nl/start/serie/ketens/seizoen-1/ketens

One of the fundamental principles of orthodox economics the idea that all economic agents "maximise" - consumers aim to maximise utility (econ speak for happiness) and producers profit. Nobel Prize winning economist Herbert Simon challenged this assumption and in doing so coined a new verb, ‘to satisfice' to show how consumers and producers in the ‘real world' behave somewhat differently. This is the first episode of Season 8 of our award winning podcast, with the theme of the season being "the economists' economist'. In this episode, your friendly neighbourhood economists, Pete and Gav, enter the world of Ha-Joon Chang's favourite economist - Herbert Simon. In the course of our journey of discovery we will meet a robot named after Herb, suggest the perfect past-time for long train journeys and discover Simon's surprising and unusual sartorial choices. As always there is a challenging quiz and lashings of bonhomie. Technical support comes from our muse Nic. PS You may hear background vocals from baby Henry during the course of the episode and we would correct the following errata which occurred during the course of enthusiastic discussions: Tom Swift was a character from American teen sci-fi books Mr Miyagi of Karate Kid fame was, in fact, Japanese

What would you say a human life is worth? According to the US government, for an American it's about $7.2 million, compared with the global average of approximately $1.3 million. If you're Swiss though, you're worth a pretty penny at $9.4 million. While these estimates might sound absurd, they're really important to understand: these kinds of figures and the models that produce them are a core part of how mainstream economics understands and shapes policy, and they have had a significant role in shaping our approach to the climate crisis. Indeed, as Adrienne and celebrated economist Ha-Joon Chang break down in today's episode, mainstream economics gets a lot wrong, and has proven strikingly ill-equipped for addressing a challenge like climate and ecological crisis, not least through its tendency to reduce complex decisions to abstracted cost-benefit analyses. Ha-Joon Chang is an economist and Professor at SOAS University of London. Ha-Joon has been an advisor to several international organisations, and is the author of many books, most recently ‘Edible Economics'. 

En entrevista con Pamela Cerdeira, para MVS Noticias,  en la sección Oasis,  Adán Serret habló del libro  “Economía Comestible: Un economista hambriento explica el mundo” de Ha-Joon Chang.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Co se stane, když zkombinujete výlet do Jižní Koreje a knihy jihokorejského ekonoma? Rychlokurz korejské současnosti i minulosti! Po kolika dnech randění se v Koreji nevyhnete nákupu drahého dárku? Jak se stalo, že se země, která vyráběla paruky a hračky, proměnila v technologického asijského tygra? A proč si ve srovnání s Korejci můžeme připadat jako lenoši? Zveme vás na výlet do seoulského metra i do díla Ha-Joon Changa, kde hledáme tajemství korejského rozvoje i původ K-popu. Zdroje: O korejské kultuře: https://sites.psu.edu/global/2016/09/06/blog-entry-culture-south-korea-a-collectivist-society-in-confucianism/ Demokratický vývoj Koreje: https://www.chathamhouse.org/2022/07/contested-politics-south-korea/2-south-koreas-democratic-evolution Jak Korea získala svou soft power: https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/12/15/how-south-korean-pop-culture-can-be-source-of-soft-power-pub-83411 Vládní podpora K-popu: https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jletters/article/view/262228 Text Magdy Slezákové o pracovním tlaku na mladé Korejce či Číňany: https://denikn.cz/1212758/nezamestnani-vyhoreli-bez-nadeje-pribehy-mladych-cinanu-ukazuji-odvracenou-stranu-stoleti-asie/?ref=list Knihy Ha-Joon Changa: https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/95227.Ha_Joon_Chang Žebříček knih, o kterých lidé nejvíc lžou, že je četli: https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2013/sep/09/have-you-ever-lied-about-a-book Rozhovor Dominiky Píhové s Ha-Joon Changem: https://denikn.cz/309544/kapitalismus-je-porad-to-nejmensi-zlo-rika-profesor-z-cambridge/

Guest: Hilary Joffe | Columnist and editor-at-large at Business Day|See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Episodio final de Dietario Disperso, un viaje por la semana gastropolítica de Maxi Guerra Lunes 25/12 - Las tres fases de la mesa familiar Citas: Aquí y Ahora. Cartas 2008-2011, Paul Auster y J.M. Coetzee Música: Medeski, Martin and Wood Martes 26/12 - Desayuno siciliano Música: Marcelo Jeneci Miércoles 27/12 - Elegancias involuntarias Citas: Agua y jabón, Marta D. Riezu Música: Paolo Conte Jueves 28/12 - Asado vs. Pastillas Citas: El economista hambriento, Ha-Joon Chang; Cuadernos de Lanzarote, José Saramago; Delizia. La historia épica de la cocina italiana, John Dickie. Entrevista a Javier Milei en el canal Doble Mérito, entrevista a Juan Román Riquelme en ESPN Música: The Roots, Marc Ribot, Chris Haugen, Serge Gainsbourg. Viernes 29/12 - Un café propio Música: Arnaldo Antunes y Toumani Diabaté Sábado 30/12 - Tzatziki Música: Vinicio Caposella Domingo 31/12 - Los libros marcados Citas: O pranto dos libros, artículo de António Cándido para la Revista Piauí Música: Gotan Project Dietario Disperso es un podcast escrito y narrado por ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Maxi Guerra⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. El diseño de portada es de ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Pablo Corrado .⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Pueden suscribirse y activar las notificaciones en el canal Gastropolítica y reservar el café y las libretas en la cuenta ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@gastro_politica⁠⁠⁠ de twitter e instagram. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠También pueden escuchar la primera temporada completa de la serie Gastropolítica y sus episodios extra. Grazie mille

Des technologies de la santé à la cybersécurité en passant par les énergies renouvelables : lorsqu'il s'agit d'investir, Carlos Espinal a plus d'un tour dans son sac. Brillant, et expert en investissement early-stage, Carlos est aussi un esprit profondément fédérateur et bienveillant : c'est LE mentor rêvé des fondateurs et la personne qu'ils appellent tous au moment de prendre une décision stratégique. Sa vision ambitieuse mais pragmatique l'a amené à écrire un guide pratique de l'investissement : bible qui vise à accompagner les entrepreneurs dans leurs levées de fonds, et que Carlos s'applique à mettre à jour en continu pour s'adapter aux mouvances du marché. Carlos est aussi partner de Seedcamp depuis 6 ans, un des fonds de VC “early-stage” les plus réputés d'Europe, dont les succès parlent d'eux-mêmes : Plus de 470 investissements depuis sa création en 2007 Aujourd'hui, SeedCamp réalise son sixième tour de seed, investissant entre 500 000 et 1 million d'euros, parfois plus, pour une participation de 5 à 8%. Dans cet épisode, qui est une tout simplement une masterclass sur les levées de fonds, nous avons aussi parlé de : La prochaine édition de son livre, “A Field Guide to Fundraising” Son parcours du Honduras au Royaume-Uni Comment il a installé le WiFi au premier étage de Wall Street L'IA, la santé, la crise climatique et la cybersécurité L'économie créative Attention moment gênant : nous avons aussi fait du beatbox et de l'ASMR… TIMELINE : 00:00:00 - Un peu de beatbox et une discussion sur les tendances technologiques 00:08:58 - La carrière de Carlos Espinal en quelques mots 00:44:06 - Le fonctionnement de SeedCamp 01:01:55 - Intuition, attentes, réalité : construire le bon état d'esprit pour lever des fonds 01:43:06 - L'intelligence artificielle 02:12:28 - L'économie des créateurs 02:27:27 - La cybersécurité 02:29:38 - Le point le plus bas de Carlos 02:33:55 - Où rester en contact avec Carlos 02:35:44 - Les livres préférés de Carlos 02:39:10 - Un mot pour le jeune Carlos qui vit encore au Venezuela On a cité avec Carlos plusieurs anciens épisodes de GDIY : #344 Robert Plomin - Psychologist & Geneticist - What if your DNA could predict your future? #158 Edgar Grospiron -Génération Do it Yourself #228 Nicolas Julia - Sorare - le tsunami français du WEB 3.0 - GDIY #74 Romain Raffard - Bergamotte - Quand ton e-commerce sent bon la réussite (et la fleur) #305 Paul Mouginot - Stabler - Repousser les limites de l'imagination grâce à l'IA : chronique d'un entrepreneur visionnaire Avec Carlos, on a parlé de : SeedCamp Fundraising Field Guide de Carlos Espinal (dernière édition à paraître fin 2023) Carlos vous recommande de lire : 3 livres sur les défis de notre civilisation : Ha Joon Chang's 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism Yuval Noah Harari‘s Sapiens Ray Dario's Principles Et 2 pour y survivre : Marcus Aurelius' Meditations Ryan Holiday's The Daily Stoic Si vous avez apprécié cet épisode, laissez un commentaire sur nos posts LinkedIn ou Instagram. Si vous voulez faire découvrir cet épisode, taguez un ami. La musique du générique vous plaît ? C'est à Morgan Prudhomme que je la dois ! Contactez-le sur : https://studio-module.com. Vous souhaitez sponsoriser Génération Do It Yourself ou nous proposer un partenariat ? Contactez mon label Orso Media via ce formulaire. Vous pouvez contacter Carlos sur Linkedin, le suivre sur Twitter, l'écouter sur le podcast SeedCamp This Much I Know, et lire ses travaux sur carlosespinal.com.

From healthcare technologies to cybersecurity through renewable energies: when it comes to investment, Carlos Espinal, author of "A Field guide to Fundraising", has it covered. As well as being smart and hard-working, Carlos is an outstanding team member and mentor. He is the one person company founders call for advice. His goal-oriented mindset and extensive venture capital experience led him to write a book to help entrepreneurs raise funds, which he continually updates as the market evolves. Every day at SeedCamp, where he has been a VC partner for the past six years, he embodies this human-centered, community-focused mindset when it comes to choosing a company to invest in. And it certainly seems to be working. SeedCamp has made over 470 investments since its creation in 2007. Today, it is leading its sixth round of seed investments, distributing between 500,000 and 1 million euros, sometimes more, for a 5-8% share. In this episode, Carlos not only gives us a masterclass on fundraising, he also shares an inspiring vision of his role as an investor. Spoiler: this episode may contain an embarrassing amount of beatboxing and ASMR. Carlos and I also talked about: His book, A Field Guide to Fundraising. His journey from Honduras to the UK How he set up WiFi on the first floor of Wall Street AI, health, the climate crisis and cybersecurity The creator economy TIMELINE : 00:00:00 - Some beatboxing and discussion of tech trends 00:08:58 - Carlos Espinal's career in a nutshell 00:44:06 - How SeedCamp operates 01:01:55 - Intuition, expectations, reality: building the right mindset for raising 01:43:06 - Artificial Intelligence 02:12:28 - The Creator Economy 02:27:27 - Cybersecurity 02:29:38 - Carlos' lowest point 02:33:55 - Where to keep in touch with Carlos 02:35:44 - Carlos' favorite books 02:39:10 - A word for young Carlos still living in Venezuela Carlos and I quoted several old GDIY episodes: #344 - Robert Plomin #158 Edgar Grospiron #228 Nicola Julia #74 Romain Raffard #305 Paul Mouginot Carlos and I talked about : SeedCamp Carlos Espinal's Fundraising Field Guide (latest ed. coming out end of 2023) Carlos recommends you read : 3 books about our civilization's challenges Ha Joon Chang's 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism Yuval Noah Harari‘s Sapiens Ray Dario's Principles And 2 to survive them Marcus Aurelius' Meditations Ryan Holiday's The Daily Stoic If you enjoyed this episode, leave a comment on our LinkedIn or Instagram posts. If you'd like to share this episode, tag a friend. How do you like the theme music? We owe it all to Morgan Prudhomme! Contact him at: https://studio-module.com. You want to sponsor Génération Do It Yourself or suggest a partnership? Contact my label Orso Media via this form. You can contact Carlos on Linkedin, follow him on Twitter, listen to him on the SeedCamp podcast This Much I Know, and read his works on carlosespinal.com

Cât de mult ar trebui să muncim ca să fie suficient? Suficient pentru ce? Suficient pentru supraviețuire? Suficient pentru angajatorul tău și dorințele lui de profit sau de productivitate? Suficient pentru tine, ca om pentru care viața mai e compusă și din multe alte lucruri pe lângă muncă? Suntem încă în paradigma în care munca multă, stresul, oboseala, ocuparea permanentă, toate astea sunt asociate în mod greșit cu importanța, cu succesul profesional. Povestim mai multe la Vocea Nației, cu Dragoș Pătraru. ___ În episodul 190 al podcast-ului Vocea Nației: Măsura de a interzice munca prestată de copii a fost o centură de siguranță în mașina capitalismului. Încă suntem în paradigma în care munca multă, stresul, oboseala, ocuparea permanentă, toate astea sunt asociate cu importanța, cu succesul. Milioane de oameni muncesc mult peste cele opt ore pe zi, dacă e să includem toată munca de îngrijire care se petrece acasă. Ce contează mai mult? Efortul depus de un om ca să obțină un anumit rezultat sau rezultatul în sine? Cum analizăm ideea de efort în epoca inteligenței artificiale? ___ Server Config: https://www.server-config.ro/ ___ Cărți menționate: - Bullshit Jobs – David Graeber - Cine i-a gătit cina lui Adam Smith – Katrine Marçal - Mother of invention – Katrine Marçal - Femei invizibile – Caroline Criado-Perez - Work Won't Love You Back – Sarah Jaffe - 23 de lucruri care nu ți se spun despre capitalism – Ha Joon-Chang

Jorge Fontevecchia en entrevista con el economista coreano

Kelly Leonard, Executive Director of Learning & Applied Improvisation at Second City Works, gets a lesson in both food and economics from Professor Ha-Joon Chang when they discuss his new book “Edible Economics: A Hungry Economist Explains the World.” “We Koreans don't just eat garlic. We process it. In industrial quantities. We are garlic.” “This […]

Kelly Leonard, Vice President, Creative Strategy, Innovation and Business Development at The Second City and host of the “Getting to Yes, And…” podcast, joins John Williams to talk about an upcoming podcast episode where he interviewed Ha Joon Chang about his book, “Edible Economics: A Hungry Economist Explains the World.” Kelly explains how a chapter […]

Kelly Leonard, Vice President, Creative Strategy, Innovation and Business Development at The Second City and host of the “Getting to Yes, And…” podcast, joins John Williams to talk about an upcoming podcast episode where he interviewed Ha Joon Chang about his book, “Edible Economics: A Hungry Economist Explains the World.” Kelly explains how a chapter […]

Kelly Leonard, Vice President, Creative Strategy, Innovation and Business Development at The Second City and host of the “Getting to Yes, And…” podcast, joins John Williams to talk about an upcoming podcast episode where he interviewed Ha Joon Chang about his book, “Edible Economics: A Hungry Economist Explains the World.” Kelly explains how a chapter […]

Desde Bolivia, Andalucía y Galiza, Rosario Aquim, Carmen Parejo e Iracundo Isidoro, analizan el artículo del compañero Marat, Neoliberalismo, Sociedad de Consumo, Identidades y Activismo que puedes encontrar aquí https://marat-asaltarloscielos.blogspot.com/2023/03/neoliberalismo-sociedad-de-consumo.html Dirección, edición y posproducción Jose M Corrales t.me/EnfoqueCritico (https://t.me/EnfoqueCritico) debateafondo@gmail.com @EnfoqueCritico_ facebook.com/DebateAFondo facebook.com/josemanuel.corrales.750/ Recomendaciones. Carmen Parejo: Helena Villar - Esclavos Unidos Anuradha Ghandy - Crítica al feminismo en Occidente José Carlos Mariátegui Iracundo Isodoro: "23 cosas que no te cuentan sobre el Capitalismo", de Ha-Joon Chang. Rosario Aquim: Silvia Federici “Caliban y la bruja’ Tony Negry ‘El imperio ‘ Abdullah Ocallan ‘Orígenes de la civilización ‘

Débora Baldin retoma sua coluna no Tese Onze para discutir a política externa do terceiro Governo Lula, principalmente a questão da soberania de países emergentes frente ao poder dos EUA. Na América do Sul, há um retomada de foco rumo à UNASUL e o MERCOSUL. Em termos globais, há o caminho de uma articulação preferencial entre países do Sul Global, dentre os destaques recentes temos a Dilma Rousseff assumindo a presidência do Banco do BRICS e a visita de Lula à China, em que a proposta da desdolarização do comércio ganhou destaque mundial por colocar em cheque um dos pilares da hegemonia estadunidense. Chega mais pra acompanhar a análise de nossa especialista em Relações Internacionais. Referências e indicações: http://teseonze.com.br/referencias Para apoiar o projeto do Tese Onze: http://apoia.se/teseonze Ficha técnica: Editora-chefe: Sabrina Fernandes Assistência editorial: Samuel Silva Borges Pesquisa, roteiro e vídeo: Debora Baldin Edição de vídeo: Vitor Ávila e Debora Baldin Interpretação em Libras: Gilberth Santos Legendagem em português: Samuel Silva Borges Referências https://www.brasildefato.com.br/2023/02/11/retorno-da-venezuela-ao-mercosul-interessa-ao-brasil-mas-outros-membros-devem-impor-obstaculo https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/internacional/noticia/2014-03/brasil-com-posicao-passiva-na-crise-entre-russia-e-ucrania-diz https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KF_Vhi2W3pg&ab_channel=TVPUC https://www.seudinheiro.com/2023/internacional/china-brasil-rota-da-seda-rens/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xz1Ti6CK8wc&ab_channel=Poder360 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEtbqwrpHkM&ab_channel=Lula Leituras Chutando a escada: a estratégia do desenvolvimento em perspectiva histórica. Capa. Ha-Joon Chang. Unesp, 2004 - 266 páginas. A opção Sul-Americana - Reflexões sobre política externa (2003-2016). Textos selecionados do Marco Aurélio Garcia. https://fpabramo.org.br/publicacoes/w... O BRICS nas relações internacionais contemporâneas, Augusto Leal Rinaldi (Appris, 2021) Epistemologias do Sul, (org) Paula Meneses e Boaventura Santos, (Almedina, 2010) Uma ecologia decolonial: pensar a partir do mundo caribenho, Malcom Ferdnand, (Ubu, 2022) Ensaios sobre a Colonialidade do Poder, Anibal Quijano, (Ediciones del Signo, 1999) Raça, Nação e Classe: As identidade ambíguas, Étienne Balibar e Immanuel Wallerstein, (Boitempo, 2021) A África na Política Internacional - O sistema interafricano e sua inserção mundial, Paulo Fagundes Visentini, (Juruá, 2012). Políticas da Inimizade, Achille Mbembe, (N-1, 2020) A Razão Africana, Muryatan Barbosa, (Todavia, 2020) Adam Smith em Pequim: origens e fundamentos do século XXI, Giovanni Arrighi, (Boitempo, 2008) China - O socialismo do século XXI, Elias Jabour e Alberto Gabriele, (Boitempo, 2021) Os Condenados da Terra, Frantz Fanon, (Zahar, 2022)

'I don't actually have to know how to make a bus'Mahalia Jackson, Lyra McKee, Susan Carnicero, Ennio Morricone, Ha-Joon Chang, Spike Milligan, Le Mystère des Voix Bulgares, Riziero Ortolani, Brian Eno, Can, Ed Welch, Paul Simon, Harmonia, Scritti Politti, Orkestra Obsolete, The Modern Lovers

The British realise their food is bland and that's a good thing, according to world renowned economist Ha-Joon Chang. In this interview, Lewis Bassett speaks to Ha-Joon about some of the key themes in his latest book 'Edible Economics'; from how the field of economics has become something of a monoculture, to why its hypocritical of rich nations to encourage poorer ones to accept free trade. Ha-Joon Chang is a professor of economics at SOAS university London. 'Edible Economics' is out now.Mixing and sound design is from Forest DLG.Follow the Full English on Twitter, Instagram and TikTok. Get extra content and support the show on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Ha-Joon Chang is one of the world's leading thinkers on development economics. In Edible Economics: A Hungry Economist Explains the World, Chang combines his passion for numbers with his passion for food (in particular, chocolate) to explain how the politics and economics of food production work with, for, and against us.Chang was joined by economist and philosopher Daniel Chandler, whose first book, Free and Equal: What Would a Fair Society Look Like?, will be published in April 2023.Find more events at the Bookshop: lrb.me/eventspodAttend our last Winter Lecture this Friday in person or online: lrb.me/winterlecturesSubscribe to Close Readings: lrb.me/closereadings Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Food is much better and more interesting when it combines many cuisines. So too is economics more fruitful when it sources from different schools. While many countries have seen their diets expand, the profession of economics increasingly relies on “monocropping”, drawing only from the neo-classical school. In his latest book, Edible Economics, economist Ha Joon Chang uses the ever changing food culture to help readers understand how economic theories are also constantly evolving and merging. In this episode of unSILOed, Chang and Greg discuss Chang's new ideas around economic theories and how food can guide us into that new way of thinking. Ha Joon Chang is an economist based at the University of London. He's also taught at The University of Cambridge. He is the author of 17 economics books. Episode Quotes:The effect of free trade in the long run42:46: Free trade is good actually in the short run for everyone. Trouble is that if you keep doing free trade, the economically backward countries will be basically stuck where they are. So, you need different medicines for different people. But since most economists these days believe that there's only one correct policy for everyone, they keep giving the wrong medicine.Is economics the supreme logic?06:38: By saying that economics is the supreme logic, we are actually forcing all these other things to be secondary to the calculations of the profit, the prices, and so on. And I don't think that's a healthy thing.We cannot have economics the same way with physics & chemistry13:54: The world is too complex and too uncertain, and human beings are so unpredictable that we cannot have economics that is scientific in the same way that physics or chemistry are. Just think about it. Subatomic particles do not say, “According to the theory, I'm supposed to behave this way.” I'm not going to do that because it's unethical. Chemical molecules do not say, “Well, we always have been moving this way, but wouldn't the world be a better place if we went the other way?” You know, that's what humans do.What can we learn from rich countries about good economic development?31:25: In the last 40 years, the prevailing view has been that pre-trade, deregulated markets, and the prevalence of private ownership are things that are good for economic development. When you look at the history of today's rich countries, you find that they use almost the exact opposite of what they're recommending.Show Links:Recommended Resources:Joseph SchumpeterThorstein VeblenJohn R. CommonsWesley Clair MitchellReport to Congress on The Subject of on The Subject of Manufactures by Alexander HamiltonCharles P. KindlebergerFriedrich ListGuest Profile:Faculty Profile at University of LondonProfessional Profile on Center for Economic Policy and ResearchProfessional Profile on The GuardianHa-Joon Chang's WebsiteHis Work:Ha-Joon Chang on Google ScholarEdible Economics: A Hungry Economist Explains The WorldEconomics: The User's GuideReclaiming Development: An Alternative Economic Policy Manual (Critique Influence Change) 23 Things They Don't Tell You About CapitalismBad Samaritans: The Myth of Free Trade and the Secret History of CapitalismThe East Asian Development Experience: The Miracle, the Crisis and the FutureReclaiming Development: An Alternative Economic Policy Manual (Global Issues) Globalisation, Economic Development & the Role of the State Restructuring 'Korea Inc.': Financial Crisis, Corporate Reform, and Institutional Transition (Routledge Studies in the Growth Economies of Asia)Kicking Away The Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective

When world-renowned economist Ha-Joon Chang first arrived in Britain in the 1980s he recoiled in horror at how dull and dreary British food was at that time. But it was not just the food that caused him to despair: it was mainstream economic thinking too. Neoclassical liberalism was, and still is, the only item he found on Britain's menu of economic ideas. Rethinking that menu is the theme of his new book, Edible Economics: A Hungry Economist Explains the World. Through a series of culinary anecdotes Chang explains that just as a rich and varied diet nourishes the body, moving beyond the narrow confines of neoclassical economics can help to build a better and fairer world. Speaking with Chang for this episode is Victoria Scholar, Head of Investment at Interactive Investor. ... Did you know that Intelligence Squared offers way more than podcasts? We've just launched a new online streaming platform Intelligence Squared+ and we'd love you to give it a go.  It's packed with more than 20 years' worth of video debates and conversations on the world's hottest topics. Tune in to live events, ask your questions or watch back on-demand totally ad-free with hours of discussion to dive into for just £14.99 a month. Visit intelligencesquaredplus.com to start watching today.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Rishi Sunak's budget is like English food before the 90s - with its overcooked vegetables - and Liz Truss' Mini-Budget is like bringing back Tex-Mex. Confused? In his new book EDIBLE ECONOMICS, Prof. Ha-Joon Chang uses food to take apart the ruling economic mantras of our time - and shows that there is hope for an alternative.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/the-owen-jones-podcast. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

#VN 165 🎙 19 noiembrie 2022 cu Dragoș Pătraru Capitalismul e cel mai prost sistem economic. Însă asta doar dacă le excluzi pe celelalte. În episodul 165 din Vocea Nației: Dacă suntem niște oameni egoiști, interesați doar pe maximizarea propriilor beneficii, așa cum ne descriu modelele economice, de ce plătim ceea ce consumăm într-un restaurant? 1.000 de directori executivi, care încasează de sute de ori mai mult decât angajații lor, trec prin experimentul de gândire propus de John Rawls. Capitalismul e ca o mașină în care ai nevoie de centuri de siguranță. Cum arată o astfel de centură? Principiile propuse de economistul Ha-Joon Chang pentru construirea unui sistem economic mai bun. Audiție plăcută! -------------------------------------- Recomandări: 23 de lucruri care nu ți se spune despre capitalism – Ha-Joon Chang Economie utilă pentru vremuri dificile – Abhijit Banerjee și Esther Duflo Doughnut Economics – Kate Raworth Mission Economy – Mariana Mazzucato The Entrepreneurial State – Mariana Mazzucato Paradoxul Prosperității - Clayton Christensen, Efosa Ojomo și Karen Dillon

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Ez itt a második évadunk záró epizódja. Köszönjük a kérdéseiteket és hogy velünk tartottatok idén is!Az adásban említett tartalmak:TGM verzusz Pogi: Elég-e a szociáldemokrácia? (2018, Új Egyenlőség)Esterházy Péter: A szavak csodálatos életéből (2003, Mindentudás Egyeteme előadás),Lukács György, Interjú: 1966. november 26. (Hungaroton)Krassó György (Magyar Október Párt; napiPartizán #36 | Rendszerváltás 30 | A rendszerváltás lelkiismerete: Krassó György)Krassó Miklós: Életútinterjú (DunaTV)Vida Kamilla: „Hogy a magánynak legalább társa legyen mások magánya” - Pár gondolat az ellenzéki fiatalok kivándorlás-dilemmájáról a választások utánPete Davis: The Case for Commitment - Harvard Commencement 2018Jordan Peterson és Slavoj Zizek vitájaImmanuel Wallernstein - Bevezetés a világrendszer-elméletbe (2014, Eszmélet)Ha-Joon Chang - 23 dolog, amit nem mondtak el a kapitalizmusról (2013, HVG könyvek)The Measures Taken podcast a marxizmus politikatörténetérőlKarl Marx - Louis Bonaparte brumaire tizennyolcadikájaBertolt BrechtHelen Thompson: Disorder, Hard times in the 21st centuryRaymond Geuss: Not Thinking Like a Liberal, Harvard University Press (2022)Várjuk visszajelzéseiteket a belepesikuszob@gmail.com címenvagy a Facebookon: https://www.facebook.com/kuszobpodcast, és Instagramon: @belepesi_kuszobEz itt a Partizán Podcast csatornája.A Partizán Podcast Facebook oldalát itt találod:https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100087436092000A Partizán oldalát és a videóit itt tudod megnézni:Youtube-on: https://www.youtube.com/c/Partiz%C3%A1nm%C3%A9diaFacebookon: https://facebook.com/partizanpolitika/Iratkozz fel a Partizán hírlevelére:https://csapat.partizanmedia.hu/forms/partizan-feliratkozasTámogasd te is a Partizán munkáját!https://csapat.partizanmedia.hu/fundraising/partizan/Extra tartalmak, vágatlan videók:https://www.patreon.com/partizanpolitika

When the economist Ha-Joon Chang arrived in Britain in the eighties, he was struck by how bland and homogeneous the British diet was. But it wasn't just the food – in mainstream economic thinking too, there seemed to only be one item on the menu – the Neoclassical tradition.  Whilst our diet has expanded and diversified since then, our economic preference has remained stubbornly singular. Chang argues that just as a nourishing and appetising diet needs a variety of flavours and nutrients, our economics also needs to borrow from different traditions and ways of thinking in order to produce the best results for the greatest number of people.   Discover more about how economics affects every dimension of our lives - check out Ha-Joon Chang's RSA Animate here.#RSAeconomicsBecome an RSA Events sponsor: https://utm.guru/udI9xDonate to The RSA: https://utm.guru/udNNBFollow RSA Events on Instagram: https://instagram.com/rsa_events/Follow the RSA on Twitter: https://twitter.com/RSAEventsLike RSA Events on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/rsaeventsofficialJoin our Fellowship: https://www.thersa.org/fellowship/join 

Links I LikedWhat did we learn from six months of training senior Aid people in Influencing?Why and how the UN and NGOs need to work together at national level Ha-Joon Chang on Economics v Science Fiction and other great ways to end your weeks this autumn – the LSE's Cutting Edge lectures are back 

Compre o livro pelo link e ajude o crescimento do podcast: https://amzn.to/3FF4014 Inscreva-se no nosso Canal com podcasts exclusivos: https://bityli.com/rNaff Em 23 Coisas que Não Nos Contaram sobre o Capitalismo, Chang destrói os maiores mitos a respeito do mundo em que vivemos. Este livro vai virar de pernas para o ar os conceitos convencionais sobre Economia. Ele revela a verdade por trás dos mitos e mostra como o sistema realmente funciona. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/elitemicrobooks/support

Ha-Joon Chang on The Political Economy of Parasite (the movie). The lecture is part of the LSE ID Cutting Edge Issues in Development Thinking & Practice series.

Guest lecturer, Ha-Joon Chang joins us from Cambridge to talk to us about "Building Pro-Developmental Multilateralism – Towards a ‘New' New International Economic Order". The lecture is part of the LSE ID Cutting Edge Issues in Development Thinking & Practice series. 

The full conversation with Ricardo Hausmann - now with Transcript. This is a subscriber-only post.TranscriptOpening musicYou are listening to ideas Untrapped with Tobi Lawson. Tobi Lawson (intro) Welcome to another episode of ideas Untrapped and my guest today is Ricardo Hausmann, who is a professor of economic development at Harvard University, he is a former director of centre for International Development, and is currently the Director of the center's growth lab. Ricardo pioneered an approach of looking at economic development called economic complexity. My brief synopsis of the central idea is that an economy only grows and develop by learning to do many things by expanding its productive capabilities. I start by asking Ricardo, what we can learn, particularly from the East Asian experience, and what has happened in economic development over the last few decades. Thank you for always listening to the show and I hope you enjoy this one. Tobi Lawson You've been one of the most important thinkers in economic development throughout my adult life. So, it's a pleasure to speak to you. Ricardo Hausmann Pleasure to be with you. Tobi LawsonFrom Around 1990, when the results of the economic trajectory of East Asia became apparent, so many policy propositions have been developed by scholars. But, in your opinion, what do you think has been the most important lesson from that East Asian growth episode? Ricardo Hausmann I think the general experience of development is really, that development is about the growth of productive capabilities In a society, it's what our society is capable of doing and, what a society is capable of doing depends a little bit on, what are the tools and machines it has available to do things nd what are the recipes and formulas and routines and protocols it's aware of, but it's mostly about what is the know-how that it's people have and this idea of know-how is not just, you know, low and high. It's mostly How different is what each member of society knows. Because if everybody knows a lot of the same thing, the whole doesn't know much more than each individual. But if each individual knows different than the whole can know a lot, even if each individual doesn't know that much. So this division of know how in society allows for individuals to specialise and society to diversify, that a society is able to do more, because it's individuals are all different. I am originally from Venezuela, and we're Nigeria. And we all think that we are rich because we have¹ oil. And then something bad happened to explain why, given that we're rich, we're not so rich, but we're rich, because we have our, our society is rich, not because of what it has. But because of what it knows how to do. And the growth and development of a society is the growth and development of what it knows how to do well. That's the core of things. And so if you ask about East Asia, well, they started in agriculture, they move to garments, then they move to textiles, then they move to electronics, then they move to cars, and move to chemicals and shapes, and so on. So, if you look at what they have been good at, that is something that has been very rapidly changing. They become good at more things. And they can become sufficiently good at those things that they can sell them outside of the country. And if you look at their export baskets, they have been evolving dramatically. In the directions I just mentioned, if you look at the export basket of Nigeria, or the export basket or Venezuela, the only thing you'll find there is oil. But when you look at the amount of oil we're talking about, it's really peanuts. It's really, so it's not that we have a lot of oil, it's that it's the only game in town. You know, Nigeria is a society of about 200 million people, cruises about 2 million barrels of oil a day. That's like a 100th of a barrel of oil per capita. That's 100th of a $60. That's 60 cents. That's not much money that's coming out of here, right? So it's not that you have a lot of oil, it's that it's the only game in town. And that's a reflection of how little The company has got more things with the possible exception of Nollywood. Tobi Lawson You've finished Nigeria, I wouldn't just say Nollywood, sectors like telecommunications have been booming in the last 20 years. But looking broadly.... Ricardo Hausmann Wait, one second, one second, one second, that has allowed Nigerians to call each other. But that opens an enormous opportunity now, because one of the things that COVID has taught us is that many things that we used to do in the office, we can do from home. But anything that can be done from home, can be done from abroad. So there are many, many tasks that are currently done in rich countries. But that could be done by zoom in poor countries, in less developed countries. And that opens up new avenues for diversification, it will open up, you know, the possibility to participate in value chains that were unthinkable before, because people thought that, you know, the people doing those tasks had to live there. Now, we know that they don't have to live there. So you know, one message for all the youth in Nigeria, is that there's plenty of work in platforms like Upwork, and other such platforms where you can find jobs to do on the web. And that's thanks to the fact that you have you know, ICT information communication technology that has diffuse, but so far, that  diffusion has not changed what Nigeria is able to sell abroad. And that's, I think, where we have to aim, I mean, forms of livelihood, for Nigerians in Nigeria, by selling to people in the rest of the world Tobi Lawson Looking at your economic complexity approach to development, from your writings, and the writings of other scholars in that school, a society that knows how to do many things will grow rich, but how do we square that with the works of people like Robert Wade, who stressed the importance of manufacturing and industrialization in achieving growth and development? How should policymakers think about the knowledge we are getting from the sub discipline of economic developmentRicardo Hausmann Manufacturing was a very, very important stepping stone, for many of the societies that became rich, it was a very important stepping stone, because manufacturing require relatively low skilled labour. So it was easy to take people out of agriculture, with little education, put them in manufacturing, and manufacturing was, you know, generating much higher levels of productivity in agriculture at the time, and the levels of productivity manufacturing worldwide. So, for East Asia, this movement of people from agriculture to manufacturing was a very important stepping stone in the process of development. Some people think that manufacturing has become less unskilled labour intensive, it has become more skill intensive and more capital intensive. So it doesn't necessarily generate as many jobs as before and there aren't that many sort of like entry level jobs as as before. But I think they're still there. They're still there. So I think that, you know, a prosperous Nigeria would have much more manufacturing than it has today and creating the ecosystem for that manufacturing to happen is very important. And for that, I think that creating the ecosystem means what? It means that needs spaces where people can locate their factories, say, so that workers can go in and out efficiently and not spend two hours going there and two hours back home, that the materials can get in and out that you're relatively close to an efficient port, where you can bring materials from the rest of the world or send materials to the rest of the world, that you can participate in global value chain so that you give up on this idea that everything that you want to manufacture has to be manufactured with locally available raw materials, which is one of the most destructive ideas that is very popular in Africa that you want to, as you say, what's the term that you use there "beneficiate" your raw materials locally, and that that's like the angle of development. We can elaborate but that's a very, very dangerous and counterproductive idea. So you will need you know, a place that has electricity, water, security. So creating those spaces where manufacturing can thrive definitely is a path going forward and I would I would put the less attention to some of the things that goes by the older industrial policy name, and more attention to just making sure that you create spaces where a Nigerian manufacturer can be very, very productive. Tobi Lawson Let's talk a bit about the political economy of this. What exactly is the role of the state because what mostly obtains in countries like Nigeria, and the rest is heavy state involvement in trying to industrialise and doing industrial policy, allocate resources and credit and, there isn't more emphasis on the role of the private sector and even in the market. So how important is the state in this process, and what exactly is the role of the state in nurturing a growing economy? Ricardo Hausmann So, I think that the role of the state is huge. But it has to be smart, it has to be complimentary, it has to enhance the possibilities of the rest of society and not substitute the possibilities of the rest of society. So let me give you an example. Every technology you can imagine, is a combination of some things that you can buy in the market, and some things that cannot be purchased in the market that either they are provided by the state, or they're not provided. So you know, there is a market for cars, and you can go out and buy a car and different kinds of cars. There's no market for roads, or for traffic lights, or for driving rules, or for traffic police. So a car is a private good, it exists in a universe full of public goods. If the state does not provide the roads, the cars are not very useful, right? That's what I mean by the state complementing the rest of society. So society can organise some things and not others. So it's very important that the state be very good at providing the things that cannot be provided by markets. And those are quite a few. So for example, electricity penetration in Nigeria is still very low and remains a very, very significant obstacle to progress in spite of massive investments in that area. So electricity, you know, an efficient port system and efficient road system, and efficient urban transportation system, public education, you know no public health, there are so many so many tasks. Now in learning, things that can be done by markets, there's also a lot that can be done, let me tell you a little bit of a secret of the US success. If you look at Silicon Valley, for example, well, let's look first at the US as a whole, the US as a whole 14% of the population of the US is foreign born. But, if you look at the entrepreneurs in the US, 29% are foreign born. So the foreign born represent you know double the share of the entrepreneurs, than they represent the share of the population. If you look in Silicon Valley, and everybody's trying to imitate Silicon Valley, 54% of the science, technology, engineering and math workers of Silicon Valley, the stem workers 54% are foreign born, and the other 46% were not born in California, even though California is a state that has 40 million people. So the secret of Silicon Valley, is not that they have fantastic school systems and fantastic universities, and so on and so forth. It is really that they're able to attract global talent and one of the things that Africa has done in general, is that it has closed itself to the attraction of foreign talent. In many countries, it's very hard to get a visa to become a permanent resident or work permit. There is no path to citizenship. There are restrictions in how many foreigners a firm can hire, etc, etc. So, you know, in Africa, many countries cannot stop their citizens from going and working abroad. But the countries are very effective in preventing foreigners to come in, except at the very low end. So, one of the things that you want to think about in order to industrialise and to get into other things is to be able to attract talent, global talent that is capable of enhancing the capabilities you have. There's no shame in doing that. That's how it's being done in the in the rich countries. You know, everybody wants to become Singapore. But they don't know that Singapore is 45% foreign born. Singapore is what it is because it's able to attract global talent. So, you know, a lot of the improvements in the South African financial system is because they were able to attract all the Zimbabweans that were leaving Mugabe and get jobs, you know, all the educated Zimbabweans moved to South Africa. And that was very good for South Africa. So there's a lot in terms of attracting new know-how that can be done by trying to attract foreign talent. Another thing that you can do is to leverage your diaspora. Most African countries have a very significant diaspora. Much of that diaspora is in richer countries more developed countries and that diaspora is being exposed to new ways of doing business, to new industries, to new ideas, they can become a very, very important source of diversification of progress that has been documented by analysts at cellion, for the case of Taiwan, for the case of India, for the case of Israel, for many instances in which diasporas were very important in transforming the opportunities of the country. So, you want to leverage all of these things that can allow society to become more productive, more capable, more able to do more things. And no, the role of the government is in some sense not to prevent that from happening, to complement that with all the things that cannot be organised through markets, through private firms, and then, you know, maybe here and there, there's an additional space for, you know, focusing things, you know, just if there were good industrial zones, well connected by infrastructure ports, were supplied by electricity and water, well connected to places where workers live through an urban transport system, and so on. I'm sure that a lot of people would look into doing manufacturing in Nigeria. Tobi LawsonI want to get more from your answer by extending that question to state capacity. So many scholars have argued that state capacity is even the secret sauce, so to speak, of the success of East Asia, including China, and you get the impression that a state has to have fully formed capacity to deliver on so many things before it can then nurture growth and development. But you have argued in one of your lectures that I just saw that there is a coevolution, that happens between the state and the economy in terms of capabilities. So how does this co evolution work in practice, as opposed to the standard view of a fully formed capable state? Ricardo Hausmann Some people would like to say, Well, you know, first you have to have a capable state, and then you can have development. But until you get a capable state, you cannot get development. So focus on getting a capable state. But then you ask yourself the question, and how is that capable state going to rise? What's going to find that capable state if it's not a society that is able to pay the taxes and so on to feed that capable state. So So in fact, what you ended up having is a society that needs to develop in order to feed a more capable state, and a more capable state that is able to help society continuous development process. So at every point in time, you have states of very different capacities. And as a consequence, societies have a certain level of capacity consistent with that capacity of the state. So what you end up having is, the more society develops, the more resources can be put available to the state for it to do its thing. And the more the state does its thing, the more the society can develop. So these things are growing at the same time, or they're growing together. But a very important important question that you have to ask yourself, when you're thinking about the state, you're thinking about the Nigerian state. Now, what does it mean to be Nigerian? Who is Nigerian? Who is included in being Nigerian? When the state acts on behalf of Nigerians? It acts on behalf of whom? Is that on behalf of the Hausa? Does it act on behalf of the Yoruba? Does it act on behalf of the ibo? What does it mean to be Ibo and Nigerian or Hausa and Nigeria? How many things do you want to be decided in Abuja? And how many things we want to have decided at the different states, state government? So you have a relatively federal structure in Nigeria? Is that because you think that people have stronger regional identities than they have for a national identity? When you talk about Japan, or you talk about Korea, you're talking about societies that are internally very homogeneous. A Japanese person is somebody who speaks Japanese. A Korean person is somebody who speaks Korean. How many languages are spoken in Nigeria? Tobi Lawson (interjects) About 500… Ricardo Hausmann So obviously, it's not having a state is somebody's state, whose state is it? So I think one of the things that is a challenge is the construction of a Nigerian identity that can support the state. Right? Because the state is underpinned by a certain sense of us. The state is our state, it is done for us. It is how we do things collectively and it's Very important to clarify what do we mean by that we, who is inside the way, who's not inside the we, who is us, who's not us and those things are what makes often no state development difficult. Because, you know, if some people think that the state is going to be favouring some other group, then you would rather have a weak state than a state controlled by somebody who's not you and those things makes statecraft harder. Tobi LawsonI mean, devolution of powers from the centre is one of the conversations that Nigeria is having right now, especially in the light of the recent insecurity, issues and poverty, we would see how that works. But let me quickly pick up on another theme. Politicians usually valourize the role of small businesses in our economy, but in one of your essays that has made a very big impression on me. You took a different approach by looking at the role of big businesses in nurturing development and enrichment. Can you expatiate a bit on the role of big businesses in an economy. Ricardo HausmannSo I think when you have a very developed society, you tend to have, you know, markets for every possible input you want. You want electricity, somebody sells electricity, you want to photocopy or you want to print this stuff, there is a store that prints stuff for you, you want to design a campaign ad or television ad or cover it, you know, there's some people that design that. So you can start a business and buy everything else from the stuff that people produce around you. Right, so all of your possible inputs are things that other firms can do for you. So you can start small, and buy everything you need from everybody else. When you start in a less developed society. Many of those things that you wish you could buy from everybody else are just not there. And maybe you have to self provide your own electricity, maybe you'll have to print your own stuff, maybe you'll have to design your own covers, maybe we'll have to have all of these things done inside the company, because there are no reliable suppliers outside the company. So as a consequence, you know, modern firms tend to start bigger in less developed countries than in more developed countries, in more developed countries, you can just rely on other people doing stuff for you. As a consequence, no existing Corporation, or in some sense, organisations that have developed the capacity to provide internally things that markets cannot do for them. So once they exist, they have typically financial capital, they have a managerial capital, they have a reputational capital, that allows them to make it much easier for them to start a new line of business. You know, the Silicon Valley way to start a new line of business is that you create a startup, a startup is very easy to create in Silicon Valley, or in a very advanced place, because everything that the startup needs they can buy out there. But in the place where you cannot buy everything out there. You cannot start that small. But a corporation, a conglomerate, if it were to decide to diversify into more line of business, it could just reallocate some of its managers, it could reallocate some of its cash flows. It could because of its reputation, it could do joint ventures with other companies, maybe some foreign company or something that can bring in some technology and they can do things as a group that a startup cannot do. So that's why I wrote this piece saying, you know, a conglomerates can be and war in the case of Japan and Korea, a fundamental story of the growth process. Japan and Korea diversified because Toyota, Mitsubishi, di Woo, Samsung diversified internally as conglomerates. Right? It's not that just more companies appeared, it's that those companies diversified. So, I think that it's an important avenue for growth that a country should consider, but,  conglomerates can come You know, can be a force for good or they can be a force for bad either. conglomerates can just become you know, monopolist in one industry move to the next industry and become a monopolist there move to next industry and become a monopolist there and then suddenly become a huge barrier to entry for other people. It's very important that the conglomerates do well and this was the case of Japan and Korea, They are exporters, you tolerate conglomerates because they are exporters', a conglomerate that only sells domestically. It's like one of the local football teams. A conglomerate that exports is like the the national team. It's like the one that's playing at the World Cup. It's facing massive competition from other companies in other countries. So it deserves all the support of society. But a conglomerate that only sells domestically, you know, it has the danger of just becoming the local monopolist and stifling everybody else from competing against them. So, conglomerates can be a stepping stone, can be an avenue for growth, but they have to be good conglomerates. Tobi Lawson Let's talk about trade and I will set the scenario this way, a little over a year ago, about a year and a half. Nigeria closed its borders to all forms of trade. The justification was that the country is far too much of a dumping ground, especially for agricultural products, which we can actually produce locally. They were extreme measures to prevent imports of some of these products and the result, some would argue, as they argued against the move at the time, has been disastrous. Food inflation is through the roof, people became poorer. People are having to spend more on food than anything else, mostly vulnerable households. But you still hear people, either policymakers or even intellectuals, say that these are necessary sacrifices that developing countries have to make in order to industrialise. You have people like Ha Joon Chang, who provide intellectual guidance for this view, and that the West in its own process of industrialization went through much of the same thing, as a scholar who has also done a lot of work on trade for a poor developing country. What is the right way to think about trade policy? Ricardo HausmannOkay, first of all, let's separate trade from just macro-economic mismanagement. Because a lot of the problem of Nigeria comes not from trade mismanagement, but from the trade consequences of macro-economic mismanagement, you have exchange controls, dual exchange rate regimes, etc. That's not because you want to have an industrial policy. That's because you have messed up your macro policies. That is you have a government that has a deficit that is insufficiently finance. So it has to print money to finance it. As it prints the money, the dollar goes through the roof, the naira tanks, right. And then the government doesn't like that, And it wants to say that, you know, it's running out of foreign exchange. So it puts exchange controls, it tries to limit people's access to dollars, and so on. And in that context, it creates an environment where it's very hard for companies to get tools and machines from abroad, it's very hard for them to get raw materials, intermediate inputs, spare parts from abroad and it just makes them extremely unproductive and as a consequence, they have uncompetitive products that they cannot sell anywhere else, but in Nigeria, through enormous protection. Now, trying to do things without importing the tools, the raw materials, the intermediate inputs, the spare parts, is just trying to do things in a very, very difficult way. It's trying to, you know, as my father likes to say, "Why make things difficult if you can make them impossible," the way the world works, is that you don't have to make everything yourself. You just have to do some steps that add value to the things that they that you're going to put together. I remember having a conversation with Governor Fashola in Legos. And he's saying, you know, we want to have a furniture industry. So we want to prohibit the imports of foreign wood for furniture, we want it done with Nigerian wood, and said, You know, you're the governor of Lagos, not all furniture has to be made out of wood, could be made out of metals, it could be made out of plastics, it could be made out of other materials, right and all of the materials you want for furniture industry, or as far as the Lagos sport. So if you want a furniture industry, by all means have a furniture industry, but don't dump on the furniture industry the responsibility of only making furniture by buying inputs in Nigeria, because that's a recipe for disaster. If for some reason your inputs you couldn't buy in Nigeria for x or y or you could buy some inputs and not the others. Like you can buy two legs of the chair but not the other two legs. Well, then that's not a chair. So focus on making sure that your units of production have what it takes for them to succeed and that often implies access to the raw materials that intermediate inputs, the tools, spare parts that no Nigeria doesn't currently make. But that's fine. That's how East Asia did it. If you look at, you know, they started exporting garments, they weren't making the textiles, and they weren't making the fibres, and they weren't making the cotton. They started cutting and sewing and then they move from cutting and sewing to designing the shirts and so on, then they move to making the textiles then they move to maybe making the artificial threads that went into new forms of textiles and they did that gradually. But they did not start by closing themselves off from all the inputs that the world produces, and that you could use to make stuff in Nigeria. So I would say the problem in Nigeria, is that you have a fiscal problem that is being solved by printing too much money that generates an exchange rate mess, that exchange rate mess, creates an environment that makes it very difficult for companies to operate. And in that process, it generates an overvalued exchange rate, which makes manufacturing artificially uncompetitive, and you get less of it, not more of it, less of it because you want, you know, you're constraining the exchange rate at which they could be exporting. And you're constraining their access to raw materials and intermediate inputs. So if anything, you're hurting the chances for growth, not helping them. Tobi Lawson Part of the reasons asscribed to countries like Nigeria, finding it impossible to industrialise, or even diversify their sources of income is the "resource curse" hypothesis. First of all,  is this a real thing, are countries like Venezuela and Nigeria poor because of the so called Dutch disease? And secondly, how do countries that are also resource rich like Norway and Australia, who are rich and highly developed? How did they manage to break out of the "resource curse." Ricardo Hausmann So there are different interpretations of the resource curse when the Dutch disease was coined. It was coined because there was a boom in the Netherlands of a natural gas exports. And those natural gas exports meant that they were exporting a lot, generating a lot of foreign exchange, and their local currency strengthened and that strengthening of the local currency made the rest of the economy uncompetitive. So, if that were the problem, then that would have been a problem in 2007 In Nigeria when the price of oil reached $140 a barrel. But then it goes away as a problem now after 2014 when the price of oil went under $40. Right. So that's no longer the problem, right? I mean, Nigeria's exports of oil are coming down, oil production is stagnant, domestic oil consumption is up. So oil exports are going nowhere, and the price of oil is now lower than it was 10 years ago. Okay. So excess of foreign exchange that used to be called the Dutch disease is no longer a problem. I wrote a paper with my colleague Roberto Rigobon, saying that the problem may not be just how much foreign exchange your oil makes, but just the fact that it's a very volatile amount. Now that it goes up in some years down another year. So the exchange rate as a consequence is very unstable and unpredictable and it makes business in the country, very risky, because you don't know what is the exchange rate or you're going to face and that's not so much because you have a lot of oil, it's just because oil income is very volatile. So that's a separate problem. And that one typically has to be addressed by having some mechanism that stabilises government finances. So you have to run a government that has unstable income and wants to have stable spending programmes. So you want kids to be able to go to school every year. You want roads cleaned and repaired every year. You want to have the hospitals open every year. You want to police services every year but your income is going up and down. How do you do that? That's a problem of stabilising the government accounts and that's a different kind of problem of living with oil. A third problem of living with oil is something that they call rent-seeking. That is, all the money is in the government, then people who are very entrepreneurial, instead of setting up businesses may dedicate themselves to trying to grab the money that the government has. And so it distorts the incentives of society from, you know, doing things that are productive to doing things that are unproductive but profitable in just trying to seek the rents that the state has. I honestly, don't think that that's that big of a problem in Nigeria, given how small our oil revenues, vis a vis, the size of the society. So I think the big puzzle in Nigeria is why the country has not diversified more, given how little oil it has, you know, in a country like Kuwait or in a country like the United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi, you know, you can ask yourself a question, Well, why would they diversify, they have so much foreign exchange that they don't know what to do with it? The question in Nigeria is why have you not diversified in spite of the fact that oil is generating so little revenue these days? Tobi LawsonI'll just ask you a few off the cuff question, what is your opinion on on the so called Washington Consensus, has it failed In Africa or Latin America? Is it misunderstood? Do developing countries need to think beyond macroeconomic stability and all the other recipes proposed by the IMF? What was the way to think about this? Ricardo Hausmann Okay, so the Washington Consensus is a term that was coined by John Williamson who just passed away a week or two ago in a seminar in 1989 or 1990. I think it was 1990, a seminar that was called 'Latin American adjustment, how much has happened?' So it was really a Latin American question. Latin America was in a debt crisis, the debt crisis was associated with the fact that during the oil boom of the 1970s, it had borrowed too much money, then it was unable to pay that money and it was mired in, in a debt crisis and the question is, how do you get out of there and john Williamson said, there are these 10 things that sort of like Washington institutions agree, would be good to sort of like get out of the Latin American debt crisis. But then these 10 things became like the 10 commandments. You can take them to Eastern Europe, you can take them to sub Saharan Africa, you can take them to North Africa and the Middle East. You take them out of context, and they're supposed to work marvels no matter what. It's, it's it, in my mind, policies have to be solutions to problems. Tell me the problem, let's design a solution. It's not here are 10 solutions. You haven't told me what the problem is. So I think that policies have to be problem driven, and not solution driven and Washington Consensus is a set of solutions without a problem. So in my mind, it ended up creating an environment in which people stopped thinking about what are the policies that they need to adopt, and just as to whether they have or haven't adopted the 10 policies in the list, even if those 10 policies in the list wouldn't solve the problem that we're trying to solve? Because, you know, you haven't even asked the question, what is the problem you're trying to solve? So that's why, with my colleagues, Andres Velasco and Dani Rodrik, we develop this idea of growth diagnostics, that the first thing you have to do is to try to understand what the problem is and once you have a clear idea of what the nature of the problem is, then let's explore the solution space and most likely, you're not going to end in the Washington Consensus, because you know, it will be a coincidence that you do. So from a certain point of view, the worst thing that was delivered by the Washington Consensus, is that it encouraged people to stop thinking of what the right policies are and just assuming that they have an implemented as list of policies that may not be the right ones. Tobi LawsonYou've also been in government in Venezuela. So I'll ask you, what you think holds up the use of knowledge by policymakers? Or should I say what prevents the right diagnosis of the problems that some poor countries have? Because, what you find is that and Nigeria is also a good example of this. What you find is that a lot of these countries, even though different administrations different political actors, they come into power and repeat the same policies that have been tried in the past and failed. So, what prevents the diffusion of knowledge at a governmental level? Ricardo HausmannWell, I mean, I think that people do not act on the basis of how they see the world on the ideas that they have in their heads, and on the interpretations they make of the world. So ideas can change the world, if they change how people think about the world, how people interpret the world, how, how those ideas, help them to think how to act on the world. And I'm an optimist in the sense that I've tried to develop ideas, diffuse ideas, train people, educate people, work with governments, try to help them think through issues that they face. That's why I created the growth lab, the growth lab is a group of about 50 people, and we not only do fundamental research on the issues of economic development and growth. But, we also work with countries around the world, trying to help them think through these issues and we also you know, teach and educate them, and so on. So, I think ideas have a complicated way of diffusing. I think a lot of the problems in the world are related to the diffusion or the popularity of some bad ideas and if I didn't believe that I wouldn't be in the business of trying to produce new ideas, diffuse good ideas, and so on, or what I think are good ideas. So for example, I think that the Washington Consensus has been pretty much superseded by the idea that policies have to be solutions to problems and not solutions in search of a problem and that you don't start by assuming that you know, what the solution is, before you clarify what the nature of the problem is and I think those ideas have permeated even, you know, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and so on, with difficulty, because the alternative paradigm is still popular. I mean, this whole idea of best practices, very dangerous idea, it supposes that people know how to do things, like here's the right the right way to do things, which presumes something like, you know, there is the perfect suit and you know, there's no such thing as a perfect suit, there's only a perfectly tailored suit, and everybody has a different body. So you have to tailor the suit differently and there's a lot of detail in the tailoring. So one thing is how do you defuse better ideas? And the other thing is, is it a problem of politicians not wanting to know, because the ideas they have, are an expression more of their interests than not their knowledge? It's like they like the idea because it advances their interests? Or is it just that they are wrong, or they have the wrong view of the world and you know, there's a big debate on whether its interests or whether it's ideas, the nature of the problem. I'm an optimist in the sense that I think that a lot of the things that happen in the world can be fixed by proving the ideas with which people see the world, analyse the world, interpret the world, think about the world and that's why I'm in the business of, you know, research, and teaching, you know, researching better ideas and teaching about them and by the way, Nigeria is one of the countries that sends more people to our executive education courses at the Harvard Kennedy School. There's, there's a huge community of people who have had some connection with the Harvard Kennedy School in Nigeria and you know, these are the ideas that will teach. So I'm hoping that the, you know, the reason why you have a podcast, the reason why you are trying to promote these discussions is because you also believe that the nature of the ideas with which people think the world is important for progress. That's why you do what you do. Tobi Lawson Thank you. I have a question, the relationship between democracy and development is also one that comes up regularly. I know there is a Acemoglu and Naidu paper that more or less, infer that democracy is good for growth. But lots of people, I will see people with other interests, but that's speculative, would say, Oh, well look at China. China is an authoritarian one party state and look at all the growth they have, what are the nuances on these relationships between democracy and growth or any political system? Ricardo Hausmann So I like very much the ideas about this that have been, you know, growing in a certain political economy literature, where people like Hans Rosling or Mounk or Yascha Mounk, or Dani Rodrik have been proposing, and that's that you really want to distinguish between three different rights. Okay, One is the right of the majority to make decisions about democracy. Right. So, you know, the governments are decided by a majority of people. So that's, you know, making sure that the government represents a significant swath of the population. That's, that's one idea, call that democracy. A second idea, is the idea of some kind of universal rights, that they yes, no, you might be in the minority. But that doesn't mean that the majority can kill, you can expropriate, you can harm you and torture you. Right, that there are some inalienable rights that are protected for everybody, whether you're in the majority or in the minority. And that's different. That's an idea that is often associated with liberalism. So the idea of liberal democracy is this funny balance between the majority rules, but everybody has some guarantees, right and then there is the third problem. So this second problem is called individual rights, it's very important if you're going to have something like a market economy, because if property is going to be poorly distributed as as it is everywhere, then if the majority decides to expropriate the minority, then the minority is not going to play ball and if they are the ones that have dropped the knowledge, their capacity to organise businesses and so on, they don't play ball, then there's no development. So you have to balance this individual rights with these with the idea of majority rule and on top of that, you may have other rights, a social rights that that people might want to have protected, you know, the majority might be a Muslim, and and there's a Christian minority or vice versa, do the social rights of the minority, are they protected? So there's like individual rights, social rights and majority rule and when we say democracy, we don't necessarily make these distinctions. But, what I will tell you is that the protection of individual rights is fundamental. That majority rule is also important, that these two things making them compatible is difficult and what makes it difficult to make it compatible is that somebody has to tell the majority, the elected government, the majority of society, you cannot do these things to the others and who's that thing? Well, it's suppose it's, it's an independent judiciary, something that is not under majority rule and those are the things that these populists like to destroy.  These checks and balances, that are in the system to defend the rights of the individual or the rights of minorities. So I will tell you that democracy if it's majority rule, that does not protect the rights of the individual is not going to be good for development and a lot of the development of the 19th century in Europe, happen in liberal governments, that is governments that protected individual rights, that were not democratic. So I would, instead of asking the question, you know, democracy, good or bad, I would ask the question, majority rule, individual rights, minority social rights, are they being protected? And obviously, it's great if you have all three. But let's not assume that just because you have majority rule you have all three. Tobi LawsonWhat about the issue of globalisation? I know your colleague, Dani Rodrik has written about this, he has this famous trilemma. How much should developing countries worry about things like the globalisation of capital, the level of interconnectedness of the economies with the developed countries and other parts of the world and some of the risk that may come with that, like the global financial crisis of 2008. So how should developing countries think about this, we also have the Asian Financial currency crisis of 1997 as a backdrop. Ricardo  Hausmann So as a backdrop, so the way I think about it is that, you know, Nigeria is a country of 200 million people give or take, that give or take is about 3% of the world population. If ideas were one per capita, then 97% of the ideas are outside of Nigeria and you want to use all of the ideas available to create progress in Nigeria. So you want Nigeria to connect to this global social brain. So inserting Nigeria in the flow of these ideas, these know-hows, these technologies, these ways of doing things is very important for Nigeria's development and this quote unquote, 'globalisation' this interconnection. Now people emphasize a lot, on capital flows and, or maybe goods and services. But I want to emphasise insertion of Nigeria into other flows into the flows of people Nigerians abroad and how they connect back home that they asked for, or foreigners in Nigeria? How can they bring in stuff? ideas? Know how there was not there before? How do you connect your universities abroad? How you connect your research centres with the rest of the world, etc. So how interconnected are your possibilities with, you know, all the advances of the world. So from that point of view, I will say that globalisation is a force for good. I think that, as I mentioned before, one of the key developments going forward is going to be the fact that a lot of the tasks in the world can be done from anywhere and that creates an opportunity for Nigerians to be able to perform tasks, sell their their ideas, do stuff for the rest of the world, through zoom, or, you know, Microsoft Teams, or whatever. So, you know, right now, we are producing a podcast, you're in Nigeria, I'm in the US, we didn't ask permission for anybody to do this, we're producing something jointly and you wouldn't want a world where this becomes illegal or becomes regulated or restricted. So I think that these opportunities are probably more valuable for developing countries and therefore developed countries, it's a very important stepping stone forward. So I hope the world remains sufficiently open, so that the countries in the global south are able to tap into the flows of progress that are happening elsewhere in the world. Now, that doesn't mean that you have to renounce national sovereignty too much. But it's very important to understand that there are two competing goals. One goal is to have sovereign policy. So every polity, every political community can decide more or less what it is that they want to do and that's a good thing. The other good thing is to have common policies that, you know, if we can agree on, you know, whether computers are going to run 120 volts, or 240 volts, doesn't really matter. They can work equally well, at 120, or 240. But if we have a standard, it's easier for everybody, so my stuff can work in your country and your stuff can work in my country. So having common policies is also good, and to the extent that a lot of the human interactions are happening between people who belong to different political jurisdictions, you know, people who are in different countries, then the value of common rules becomes that much more important. I like to say that sovereign state can be half a bridge over say, the river that separates it from the neighbouring country, but the other half of the bridge has to be built by the other country and on half a bridge, you don't get half the traffic, you get zero. So there is some value of having common rules. I think part of the tension that is at the core of this is that there is a good thing of having sovereign national rules that the local political community can agree on, and have in common rules, rules that are respected both by us and by people in the rest of the world that are interacting with us and that that tension is a little bit what the world is trying to figure out. But, the forces that are favouring deeper globalisation, I think are technological in nature and they're very powerful they are not, it used to be the decline in the cost of transportation. Now, it's incredible expansion of the ability to move information around and you know, you just see by the magnitude of just the number of things that are available online for you to watch whether it's Netflix or Amazon Prime, 500 different television channels, and the news of the world, etc. You would want every society to have access to COVID-19 vaccines, you wouldn't want every society to have to produce its own vaccine. So there's enormous benefits from a world where international interactions are deeper, we just need to figure out what's the political arrangements that makes that as compatible as possible with local preferences. Tobi Lawson What about inequality, which is also a very topical issue now, whether it's on TV or Davos, talking, everybody's worried about inequality issue. Is the optimal point for poor countries or developing countries to start seeing these as a problem. So what I'm saying is, do countries need to concentrate on growth first, is there a trade off, because most of the remedies to inequality at least the policy proposals involve redistribution and poor economies may not have the fiscal capacity, some attempt it, but they may not have the capacity to do the kind of redistribution that some politicians are proposing to deal with the problem. So how do you think about this? Ricardo Hausmann So I think it's very important to finish the sentence, inequality of what, because if we don't specify the what we don't know what we're talking about, and I think that a lot of the discussion presumes a what we are concerned about what inequality we're concerned about and a lot of the discussion is what you might want to call the inequality of income and the idea out there is that there's sort of like a national pie, and some people are getting very big slices of the national pie and other people are getting small slices of the national pie. And then as you say, maybe can we redistribute how people are slicing the national pie. But an alternative way of thinking about this is that there is really no national pie. There are different pies that are being baked by different organisations, by companies or firms of a different size, and so on and so in reality, what you have is an enormous inequality in the sizes of the pies that different parts of society are baking. Okay, so it's inequality in the sizes of the pie, not in the way each pie is being sliced. Imagine that each pie is a corporation, it's a company or an organisation of some kind. Well, we know some of them are informal family, micro enterprises, and some are, you know, bigger companies, and so on. So, and inside each one of them, there is a division of, of the pie in slices. But what would strike you is enormous inequality in the sizes of these pies, to call it by another name, there is enormous inequality in productivity. There are some parts of society that are operating at very low levels of productivity, you know, I drove from Abuja to Kaduna and then on to Kano, and I stopped in a bunch of rural villages, and I looked at the farms and how they were farming and how much corn they were getting per hectare, and how many hectares they had to produce, and how they were doing things. Amazingly low productivity farms, where, you know, farmers would be able working very, very hard to tender to one or two hectares, and at very low productivity and very low incomes. So one thing I really worry a lot about is what can we do to reduce the inequality in productivities and I think that the inequalities in productivities, are very large, because there's many people who are excluded from access to the things that will make them more productive to the networks of energy, or transportation, of labour markets, of knowledge, of agricultural extension services, of value chains, of storage facilities, of logistics, and so on, that would allow their work to be much more productive. So to me, a strategy of inclusion, so as to make everybody's work more productive, especially the ones that are operating at the lowest level of productivity gains, that would be good for growth, because growth has to do with how productive are people and you're able to make them more productive, output will be higher. So it's a strategy for growth. But because we're focusing on the least productive and making them more productive, you're also reducing income inequality. So our strategy for inclusion is a win-win strategy. It's a strategy that makes everybody better off and it would reduce inequality to strategy for growth. It's a strategy that would reduce inequality, a strategy of redistribution. It's sort of like compensating people for their exclusion, saying, Well, given that, you know, you have to operate in a place where there's no electricity, there's no irrigation, or no good roads, there's no storage facilities, there's no logistics, you know, so there's nobody to take your crop when it's time and it's starting to run. So you have to sell it at whatever price you can get. So we live in an environment that is very unproductive and because of that, here's a check, or here's some money. Well, that's compensating them for the fact that they cannot operate in a more productive environment, and that that's a very, very secondary improvement. These people would be much happier. If instead of compensating them for their exclusion, you would stop excluding them and focus on including them and that can be as expensive or more expensive from a fiscal space point of view than redistribution. But it implies a completely different way to think about the problem and to allocate resources. So I think that what less developed societies need is a strategy for inclusion because it's Win win and because it's better. Tobi Lawson Africa is currently at about 50% urbanisation and that's projected to reach about 75% by the middle of the century. We are quite worried about our cities, overpopulation, infrastructure, and so many other things. What do you think of new ideas and development that are coming up, like charter cities, these was first proposed by Paul Romer, a little over a decade ago, but it's gaining some traction in some circles. I know there are experiments in Honduras, and some other places, what's your opinion about fancy ideas or  radical ideas like this?Ricardo HausmannSo first of all, I think the fact that Africa is urbanising is potentially a very good thing. You're mentioning that, you know, it's dangerous, because it might require more infrastructure and so on. Well, the truth is, it's cheaper to provide infrastructure and public services in urban areas than in rural areas. So it just makes, you know, the lack of provision of infrastructure more visible maybe. But it's cheaper to provide that infrastructure in urban areas than it is in rural areas. So in principle, urbanisation can be a good thing. Unfortunately, Africa has figured out ways, and Latin America too, to make cities that are poor, and that are disastrous, and that suddenly, you might get the increases in crime and insecurity and other sorts of problems that were not there in rural life. So it's very important to get urbanisation right and I think that a critical determinant of whether a city is successful or is not successful, is one of the things that can be done in the city, and sold outside of the city, or to people who live outside of the city, every place in the country and every place in the world is dependent on being able to buy things that it doesn't make and the way to buy things that you don't make is to trade for them and for that, you have to make things that are bought by people outside of their place. So whether it's a village, whether it's a state, whether it's a city or a country, it's very, very important that you have things that you can sell to people who live outside of your place. So you can trade for the things that your place doesn't do and what we found is many cities just don't develop those things and they end up for example, one of the reasons why capital cities are so big, it's because the way they get money is by taxing the rest of the country and spending the money. But it's not that the city itself is a source of activity and wealth and production and so on. So that's why it's so important that we get cities that are competitive in a line of things that can be sold outside the city. That's the critical thing. I am not particularly enamoured by the idea that charter city is a solution for something. The idea that Paul Romer deservedly won the Nobel Prize for making us understand how difficult it is to explain growth and he has a theory of, you know, what does it take to explain global growth, that is growth at the technological frontier of the world. He doesn't really have a theory of what explains why some countries catch up and other countries don't catch up. What explains the distance that countries have relative to the technological frontier? It's a country like Singapore, with a income per capita, say of 60,000? Why are countries at $1,000 or $2,000 so? What can you do to get to $60,000? Paul Romer's contribution to economics doesn't answer that question. It asks, What determines the rate of growth of countries that are at $60,000? So he, in some sense, borrowed the idea of the problem why countries are not at $60,000 the things that prevent you from being at the technological frontier. He thinks that the reason why countries don't approach the technological frontier is because they have bad institutions. That's his explanation. That they have bad institutions and, and charter cities are a way of like buying good institutions, important, good institutions and that's his interpretation of what happened in Hong Kong. Hong Kong because of, you know, the settlement of the wars with China, it was given to Britain and it was run by Britain and it was British rules that led to the growth of Hong Kong. So he's saying why can't we make other places like Hong Kong, I will put it to you that the reason why countries don't approach the technological frontier is not necessarily institutions that you can import. It's technology itself. Technology has trouble diffusing. So the distance with technological frontiers is of technological distance and the reason why you don't catch up in that technological distance is because of the nature of technology itself. The kinds of institutions that you can import are not the only thing there was because you know, after all, the British Empire had a bunch of charter cities under British rule. That didn't make Ghana or Bangladesh or Sri Lanka rich, right. So I don't necessarily think that that technological gap can be fixed by the kind of importing of institutions by chartering your city to somebody who knows how to run things. It might be in some sense, a way of importing government technology if you want to put it in my language. So I think that the problem is really trying to understand how technology diffuses, I think the future is a lot in the hands of people that it's much easier to move brains than it is to move know how into brains. That's why I emphasise before migration diasporas promoting foreign direct investment, maybe having your conglomerates internationalise and connect your country to the rest of the world, that it is through these channels that technology flows, and it's those channels that we need to focus on. Tobi Lawson One of my final question will be going further on that note, again, last couple of years, we've seen the rise of the use of RCT in economics research, particularly development economics, built on the work of Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, and, I'm Michael Kremer, who are Nobel winners and you can see the idea gained a lot of traction where you have nonprofit organisations like Givewell adopting a lot of the findings from the research from these new school of thought so to speak. What are your impressions of this turn in development economics research, generally, especially the influence on policy? I'll give you an example. Nigeria, for example has been trying we have this national policy of lifting a 100 million people out of poverty. But when you change the proposal, what you will find is this basket of proposals that have been lifted from RCTs, you know, social interventions, cash transfers and they haven't really worked and you will find that international aid organisations and policymakers love them. So, what is your impression of this turn in development economics, have we given up on growth, is that it? Ricardo Hausmann So I think that, you know, randomised controlled trials, RCTs are a tool and, you know, they are very good to answer some questions, they are useless to answer other questions. So for example, if you want to know if it's better, to give money to farmers at the time of harvesting, or give money to farmers at the time of sowing, and in terms of you know, the impact on their well being, and so on, maybe you find that it's better to give farmers money at the time of sowing because then they can use that money to sow and if you give them the money at time of harvesting, then they already have money. So giving them more money at the time when they already have money is not the ideal time to give them money. So so maybe that's something you can answer with a randomised control trial. What kind of structure should a country have? What Social Security structure should a country have? What infrastructure plan should a country have? What exchange rate regime should a country have? What, even educational system should a country have, those things you cannot do RCT on? You know, they're just not the instrument to answer those questions. So if you only do things for which you can do an RCT, you are going to be doing some kinds of things just because, you know, as they say, you look for the keys under the lamppost, not because you lost the keys on the lamppost, it's because it's the only place where you can see something. RCTs I think, have twisted the development agenda away from policies that are probably the most impactful, but for which you cannot do RCTs and into something that my good friend Lance Pritchard likes to call kinky development policies, that they are kinky in the sense that they want to do a small kink. So for example, you can do an RCT and whether putting flip charts in a school improves learning, or whether giving tablets to kids in a school improves learning, or whether taking a picture of teachers when they attend school improves teacher attendance and consequently, student learning. So all of these things you can do an RCT on, you can take a bunch of schools, you do it in some schools or another schools, and you see if it made a difference. But those are answers to super small questions to small kinks, in if you want in the way you do things. They don't go to answer more fundamental questions as to how to organise many, many aspects of society. So in my mind, the idea, by the way, and the answer much less than the promise, for example, they can tell you that if you do it this way, it works better than if you do it that way. If you give micronutrients to children in Guatemala, that it improves their learning. Okay, it doesn't answer two questions. The first question is, how does it do it? Does it do it? Because it improves their nutrition? Does it do it because we connected the family to a set of services that had other benefits for other reasons. For example, you can do an RCT, give half a million people, we force them to smoke and the other half a million people you force them not to smoke and then we look at the difference in cancer rates to see if smoking causes cancer. But, it doesn't tell you what about smoking causes cancer. What is the substance in smoking that triggers the cancer? We learn nothing about the biology of the process, the mechanism of the process and secondly, if you say give macronutrients in Guatemala, and it works, you don't know if it would work in Nigeria or if it would work in Norway, or in Singapore because maybe in other places kids don't have those deficiencies. You can do an RCT to find that, you know, whether if you give tablets to kids in school, you want to know if they can improve learning or not and you find out that it didn't improve learning. What have you learned? Well, you've already learned that that tablet used in that particular way, with that particular teaching materials in the tablet, by teachers trained in that particular way, didn't make much difference. But it doesn't answer the question. If you were to try to improve education in the school, and one of the elements would be the tablet, how should we use the tablet? What teaching materials should the tablet include? How should the teacher use those teaching materials? What should students be expected to do with those teaching materials? and so on? So it doesn't answer any of those questions? It just tells you, you did x, do some didn't have some effect or not have that effect. And as a consequence, I think one of the bad things that the RCT revolution has done is it has tended to put donors and a lot of attention to these small questions that can be answered by RCTs away from the really important questions that may not be answerable to RCTs. Tobi Lawson Do you think that economists should be more involved or influential in the politics in developing economies, for example, it's impossible to know this, but I want to pose the hypothetical anyway. How would Venezuela have fared if you were the president instead of the economic Minister? Ricardo Hausmann So, I think for economics to do its work? Well, it should be a science that answers questions. But that politics should be decided not only on the basis of technical solutions to questions, but also in terms of social preferences of what people want done, what priorities people have, what's more important for them, what do they want? And so I think that science cannot be a substitute of the political process. I think science should participate in the political process. I don't like when people say, you know, government should do what scientists tells them to do. Science doesn't answer the questions that many political systems need to address. For example, science can tell you if there is contagion, or there is a contagion in schools or how much contagion in schools varies. It might help you understand how are people getting infected and how they get

Hoy ampliamos el debate respecto al progreso. Generalmente, se establece una narrativa en la que el progreso ha sido lineal, constante y siempre creciente durante la historia de la humanidad. Sin embargo, esto tiene más de fabricación narrativa, de relato que nos contamos a nosotros mismos, más que otra cosa. En la historia ha habido periodos oscuros. También civilizaciones que se degradan, entran en decadencia y desaparecen. La humanidad podría progresar y tú quedarse en la estacada; la involución siempre es una posibilidad, y si no que le pregunten a Ciudadanos. ¿En qué momento se encuentra nuestra civilización? ¿Cómo definimos el progreso? ¿Hacia dónde avanzamos y hacia dónde creemos que avanzamos? Como decía aquel, "el mañana nunca llega hasta que es demasiado tarde". Con Con @desempleado666, @Shine_McShine e y @iracundoisidoro. Conduce @TxusMarcano. Bibliografia: "Capitalismo, nada más" de Branko Milanovic. "23 cosas que no te cuentan del capitalismo" de Ha Joon Chang. "Las posibilidades económicas de nuestros nietos" de John Maynard Keynes. "Capitalist Realism: Is There No Alternative?" de Mark Fisher. "Mandarins of the Future: Modernization Theory in Cold War America (New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History)" de Nils Gilman. "White Trash: The 400-Year Untold History of Class in America" de Nancy Isenberg. Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

A rising young star in the field of economics attacks the free-trade orthodoxy of The World Is Flat head-on—a crisp, contrarian history of global capitalism. One economist has called Ha-Joon Chang "the most exciting thinker our profession has turned out in the past fifteen years." With Bad Samaritans, this provocative scholar bursts into the debate on globalization and economic justice. Using irreverent wit, an engagingly personal style, and a battery of examples, Chang blasts holes in the "World Is Flat" orthodoxy of Thomas Friedman and other liberal economists who argue that only unfettered capitalism and wide-open international trade can lift struggling nations out of poverty. On the contrary, Chang shows, today's economic superpowers—from the U.S. to Britain to his native Korea—all attained prosperity by shameless protectionism and government intervention in industry. We have conveniently forgotten this fact, telling ourselves a fairy tale about the magic of free trade and—via our proxies such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization—ramming policies that suit ourselves down the throat of the developing world. Unlike typical economists who construct models of how the marketplace should work, Chang examines the past: what has actually happened. His pungently contrarian history demolishes one pillar after another of free-market mythology. We treat patents and copyrights as sacrosanct—but developed our own industries by studiously copying others' technologies. We insist that centrally planned economies stifle growth—but many developing countries had higher GDP growth before they were pressured into deregulating their economies. Both justice and common sense, Chang argues, demand that we reevaluate the policies we force on nations that are struggling to follow in our footsteps. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/pbliving/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/pbliving/support

En este episodio analizamos el libro del economista Ha Joon Chang, 23 cosas que no te cuentan del capitalismo, una crítica al capitalismo neoliberal y un cazador de mitos de algunas creencias de éste. También hablamos fugazmente de Una Habitación Propio de Virginia Woolf y de los libros de Alex Ross, El Ruido Eterno y Listen to This.

Często w ekonomii polemizuje się z przejaskrawionymi poglądami “drugiej strony”. To stary chwyt erystyczny – przerysować czyjeś poglądy, bo wtedy o wiele łatwiej się dyskutuje. W tym odcinku podcastu omawiam to na przykładzie książki “23 rzeczy, których nie mówią ci o kapitalizmie”, której autorem jest Ha-Joon Chang. W dużej mierze jego dzieło to polemika z poglądami, których nie ma. Zawartość odcinka “Polemika z poglądami, których nie ma” Omawiana książka skonstruowana jest… Czytaj dalej Artykuł WN035 – Polemika z poglądami, których nie ma pochodzi z serwisu Bartłomiej Biga.

• Seja bem vindo(a) ao nosso 8º Podcast da Série Best Sellers! Hoje, o nosso mentor de Mindset do investidor, Camilo Castelo, apresenta uma visão sobre a interessante obra de Ha-Joo Chang: "23 COISAS QUE NÃO NOS CONTARAM SOBRE O CAPITALISMO". • Trechos da Obra: - “O que os neoliberais dizem é que “temos que criar a riqueza antes que possamos compartilhá-la. Quer isso nos agrade ou não, são os ricos que vão investir e criar empregos(...)”. - “A máquina de lavar roupa mudou mais o mundo do que a Internet o fez”. - “Os acionistas são donos das empresas. Por conseguinte, a gestão das empresas deve estar voltada para os interesses deles. Não se trata simplesmente de um argumento moral”. • Aproveite para acrescentar essa nova visão às suas e anote o que mais lhe chamar atenção. Desejamos um excelente aprendizado a você! Grande abraço Att, Equipe VIVENDO RICO

John Friedman is a Professor of Economics and International and Political Affairs at Brown.  Collaborating with scholars such as Raj Chetty and Emmanuel Saez, Friedman works to provide very granular information on very big issues. He is a founding co-director of Opportunity Insights, where researchers and policy analysts work together to analyze new data and create a platform for local stakeholders to make more informed decisions.An economist by training, Friedman uses the information collected by the IRS to tell researchers and the public whether and why the engines of opportunity we rely on actually deliver results. At the NYU Law Tax Policy and Public Finance Colloquium, Friedman presented work that he and his coauthors conducted about colleges and universities. That research “construct[ed] publicly available statistics on parents’ incomes and students’ earnings outcomes for each college in the US using de-identified data from tax records…. reveal[ing] that the degree of parental income segregation across colleges is very high, similar to that across neighborhoods.”  Their work also shows that some schools (such as the State University of New York at Stony Brook) succeed in helping students who grew up poor gain upward mobility.Today’s student quote is from Ha-Joon Chang's, 23 Things They Don't Tell You about Capitalism.Resources:Professor Friedman’s bio.Dan Shaviro’s blog post about Friedman’s visit to the NYU Law Tax Policy and Public Finance Colloquium.The paper Friedman presented at the Colloquium, "Income Segregation and Intergenerational Mobility Across Colleges in the United States".The EITC article discussed in the episode, "Using Differences in Knowledge Across Neighborhood to Uncover the Impacts of the EITC on Earnings".The Pencil Question article is Darien Shanske, "Revitalizing Local Political Economy through Modernizing the Property Tax", 68 Tax L. Rev. 143 (2014).The student quote is taken from Ha-Joon Chang's 23 Things They Don't Tell You about Capitalism

The pandemic began in East Asia but governments there - from China, to South Korea, to Japan, to Taiwan and Singapore - have been credited with coping far more effectively than some of their counterparts in the West. So are there lessons to be learned by the rest of the world? And not just in coping with future disease outbreaks, but in how we fundamentally order our societies? Ben Chu (The Independent) and Lizzy Burden (The Telegraph) speak to South Korean economist Ha-Joon Chang.   Music by Slenderbeats

 Global crises cause big changes and reveal deep structural weaknesses. As drastic measures are taken across the world to stop the spread of COVID-19,  what are the short, medium and long term implications for our society, our economy, geopolitics - and us as individuals?In this special interview series from the RSA, its chief executive, Matthew Taylor, talks to a range of practitioners - from scholars to business leaders, politicians to journalists - to assess the scale of the response and consider how we build effective bridges to our new future. Ha-Joon Chang teaches economics at Cambridge University. He is the author of 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism, and Economics: the User's GuideProduced by Craig Templeton SmithIn this time of global change, strong communities and initiatives that bring people together are more invaluable than ever before. The RSA Fellowship is a global network of problem solvers. We invite you to join our community today to stay connected, inspired and motivated in the months ahead. You can learn more about the Fellowship or start an application by clicking  here. 

Rafael Correa spricht in der neuen Folge seiner Sendung mit dem südkoreanischen Ökonomen Ha-Joon Chang. Der Professor der University of Cambridge ist ein angesehener Experte für Entwicklungspolitik und arbeitet als Berater für viele internationale Organisationen.

How wages are determined; Adam Smith: the bleeding heart; intro from Ha-Joon Chang (https://youtu.be/6f5QgOO5otc), outro from Anand Giridharadas (https://youtu.be/axN8ppre-mU)

I walk you through this week's blogs: great new free lecture series from rock start economist Ha-Joon Chang; politically savvy tech tools in Myanmar; a big debate on whether INGOs are willing/able to surrender power; family and friends as the main source of social protection in poor countries. Enjoy and have a good break (if you're having one - we are)

Complexity is a powerful multi-disciplinary idea that combines insights from both the natural and social sciences, especially economics and economic geography, to study the dynamics of complex systems of heterogeneous agents, the multiple interactions between them, and the aggregate behaviours that emerge from those interactions. Arguably, the most prominent empirical approach to complexity is that of the Atlas of Economic Complexity, developed by Ricardo Hausmann and Cesar Hidalgo (H&H) at Harvard’s Growth Lab. The Atlas itself is a remarkable – and strikingly beautiful - online resource, which uses network theory methods to provide a snapshot of a country’s productive structure, as well as a measure of the complexity and diversity of its production and those of individual products. This ‘Product Space’ approach is rooted in the idea that ‘countries become what they produce’. It is a view of economic development as the accumulation of productive capabilities of increasing sophistication. As countries develop, they produce more and more products and those products attain higher and higher levels of complexity, embodying more and more productive knowledge. This in turn provides more capabilities to produce yet more products and so creates a virtuous circle. Countries in which more detailed policy analysis has been carried out within the last two years include Sri Lanka, Uganda, Rwanda, Panama, Algeria, Mexico and Peru. This paper contextualises H&H’s work within the recent resurgence of interest, in both academic and policy circles, in industrial policy. Comparing and contrasting the Product Space approach with other contemporary approaches to industrial policy, from authors including Justin Lin, Dani Rodrik, Joseph Stiglitz, Ha-Joon Chang and Mushtaq Khan, this paper sets out the strengths and weaknesses of conceptualising industrial development in terms of increasing economic complexity and diversity. In the technical section, the paper critiques the mathematical methods by which complexity is defined and rewrites the concept in terms of Markov chains on weighted graphs. This alternative formulation permits the application of Markov chain concepts, such as convergence to the stationary state, similarity and spectral clustering, in order to reinterpret complexity and other spectral data. These techniques are then related to economic aspects of complexity, such as production, technological change and capabilities. It is argued that the changing nature of production poses particular challenges to the ‘Product Space’ approach as well as other modes of industrial policy, and on this basis an ‘industrial ecosystems’ approach is outlined.

Macarena Lescornez y Angélica Bulnes hablaron sobre los polémicos y temerarios tours por lugares marcados por muertes. Además de Ha-Joon Chang, un economista referente para el Frente Amplio.

Macarena Lescornez y Angélica Bulnes hablaron sobre los polémicos y temerarios tours por lugares marcados por muertes. Además de Ha-Joon Chang, un economista referente para el Frente Amplio.

GR - An interview with economist Ha-Joon Chang of the University of Cambridge, analyzing the economic situation in Greece, Europe, and the United States. Translated into Greek by Konstantinos Papatheodosiou. Aired April 5-10, 2014.

EN - An interview with economist Ha-Joon Chang of the University of Cambridge, analyzing the economic situation in Greece, Europe, and the United States. In English. Aired April 10-11, 2014.

We've been afraid to discuss capitalism for a while because it's just one of those subjects that you feel like you're gonna be horribly wrong about.That said, the conversation went pretty well and we both came out a little wiser.---- This week's links ----Contrapoints - What’s wrong with Capitalism - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJW4-cOZt8A Michael’s new song “Love Me Like I Love” - https://soundcloud.com/michaelforrest/love-me-like-i-loveMouse On Mars playlist on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/user/michaelforrest/playlist/09aNjee2j7SpineSJrF7QM?si=KNolcPCYRJyHUfFhE95jlA Henie Onstad Kunstsenter - http://hok.n Doughnut Economics by Kate Raworth - https://amzn.to/2DrDyNk 23 things they don’t tell you about Capitalism by Ha-Joon Chang - https://amzn.to/2OOQNsL Government Digital Marketplace - https://www.digitalmarketplace.service.gov.uk/Steve Jobs on Android - http://uk.businessinsider.com/steve-jobs-on-android-founder-andy-rubin-big-arrogant-f-2013-11Cost of childbirth in UK vs USA https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/25/how-much-less-it-costs-to-give-birth-in-the-uk-than-in-the-us.htmlEarth Overshoot Day https://www.overshootday.org/Purpose of life MinutePhysics - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HxTnqKuNygE Why Beats headphones cost more https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZsxQxS0AdBYMoney happiness threshold - http://time.com/money/5157625/ideal-income-study/ Just Calories - Michael’s new app - https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/just-calories/id1405658168?mt=8 “Plogging” - https://www.citylab.com/life/2018/03/plogging-exercise-trash-running/554456/ ---- Credits ----Music by http://michaelforrestmusic.comTalking is by Ivanka Majic and Michael Forrest---- Follow us on Twitter ----https://twitter.com/ivankahttps://twitter.com/michaelforresthttps://twitter.com/PodcastGrand---- Grand Podcast Library ----Find links to everything we've mentioned on the podcast at http://grandpodcast.com/library---- Find us on Facebook ----https://www.facebook.com/grandpodcast See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Listen to Ha-Joon Chang, The University of Cambridge, in conversation with David Hulme, Executive Director of the Global Development Institute, and Mihai Codreanu, Chair of the Post-Crash Economics Society. They discuss pluralist economics, the need for a curriculum revolution, the future of economics and Ha-Joon Chang’s influential works including 23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism and Economics.

As part of the Global Development Institute Lecture Series and in collaboration with the Post-Crash Economics Society Dr Ha-Joon Chang, University of Cambridge, delivered a lecture entitled: Are some countries destined for under-development?

En este nuevo programa de "Con el gato somos tres" os traemos varias recomendaciones literarias: Americanah de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, La abadía de Northanger de Jane Austen y Retirar la escalera de Ha Joon Chang. Por otro lado, Jesús comenta el regreso de Stark Treck Discovery y Edurne comenta sin spoilers Tres carteles a las afueras, la nueva película de Frances Mcdormand. Por último, también comentamos algunas taritas que los Jedi tienen en los episodios I, II y III de la Saga Star Wars. ¡Esperamos que os guste!

With arguments about austerity and public spending back at the heart of British politics, we ask economist Ha-Joon Chang to help us make sense of it all.  Why is tax always described as a 'burden'?  Are the Tories trapped in their austerity narrative?  Where should the government invest for the best return?  Plus we discuss why it's so hard to solve Britain's productivity problem: it goes back a hundred years.  Ha-Joon Chang is the author of 23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism (2010) and Economics: A User's Guide (2014). See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

We sit down with world-renowned economist Dr Ha-Joon Chang, author of "23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism", to explore economic rights, the welfare state, and neoliberalism in the age of Trump and Brexit. Does the state have an obligation to provide certain goods and services? Can we afford the welfare state? And does the free market even exist?

Dr. Ha-Joon Change (University of Cambridge) The issue of production has almost disappeared from the development discourse in the last few decades. Discussing the shortcomings of the three main discourses that lie behind this - neo-liberalism, humanism, and post-industrialism - and enumerating the negative consequences of the neglect of production, Ha-Joon Chang will argue for a re-construction of the development discourse that takes production seriously. Ha-Joon Chang teaches economics at the University of Cambridge. In addition to numerous journal articles and book chapters, he has published 15 authored books (four co-authored) and 10 edited books. His main books include The Political Economy of Industrial Policy, Kicking Away the Ladder, Bad Samaritans, 23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism, and Economics: The User’s Guide. By the end of 2014, his writings will have been translated and published in 36 languages and 39 countries. Worldwide, his books have sold around 1.8 million copies. He is the winner of the 2003 Gunnar Myrdal Prize and the 2005 Wassily Leontief Prize. He was ranked no. 9 in the Prospectmagazine’s World Thinkers 2014 poll. The Babbage Industrial Policy Network is an international forum bringing together experts from economics, engineering and operations management with a shared interest in manufacturing and industrial policy. The network is supported by the Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge. Speaker(s): Dr Ha-Joon Change (University of Cambridge) Dr. Antonio Andreoni (SOAS) Event Date: 11 December 2014 Released by: SOAS Economics Podcast

Dr. Ha-Joon Chang, Dr. Adam B. Elhiraika, Dr. Jostein Lohr Hauge. Africa is at a crossroad. After a long history of exploitation, violent conflicts, and economic turmoils, it has finally seen a decade of improved economic growth and greater political stability. Once written off as a continent uniquely suffering from structural impediments to economic growth and development there is now widespread optimism about the future of the continent. The African countries need to start to think seriously about – and to implement – ways to upgrade their commodity sectors and, more importantly, promote the development of higher-productivity sectors, especially manufacturing but also some high-end services. This report is intended as a contribution to that thinking process. UN ECA Report Launch Event Ha-Joon Chang (University of Cambridge) Followed by a discussion with Adam B. Elhiraika (UN ECA) Jostein Lohr Hauge (University of Cambridge) chaired by Antonio Andreoni (SOAS Economics). Organised by the Industrial Development and Policy Research Cluster – SOAS IDP, Department of Economics, jointly with the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and the ETA Economic Transformatation of Africa Working group. Speaker(s): Dr. Ha-Joon Chang, Dr. Adam B. Elhiraika, Dr. Jostein Lohr Hauge. Event Date: 29 February 2016 Released by: SOAS Economics Podcast

Tras su exitoso 23 cosas que no te cuentan sobre el capitalismo, Chang cuestiona las ideas existentes y expone la diversidad de fuerzas que desempeñan un papel en la economía. Así, nos otorga las herramientas necesarias para entender un mundo cada vez más interconectado. Desde la desigualdad en China o el estado de la industria norteamericana, Economía para el 99% de la población es un retrato claro y completo de la economía global y de cómo influye en nuestra vida cotidiana.   Conseguilo ahora mismo en www.megustaleer.com.ar   Créditos: Locución: Álvaro Rojo Actuación: Rafael Lavín y Miranda Carrete Narradora: Florencia Flores Iborra © Una realización de Tristana producciones para Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial.

  Synopsis [View Crash, Boom, Pop! here.] Economics is full of BS -- but there is an alternative. Bank bailouts, quantitative easing, housing bubbles, austerity, etc. - are all economic policies putting most of us in the poorhouse. You can fight back...but how? Knowledge is power! This series is all about common sense, humor and great illustrations. It's 100% bull free. Too many of us are living paycheck to paycheck. Income inequality is a worldwide problem. Students are graduating with record debts. Trillion dollar wars are charged to the national credit card of debt. We’re inheriting economies in crisis, with endless money printing, dismal job opportunities, sky high tuition fees and a housing market no one can afford.   These are baffling questions for many...including actual economists. Yes, that’s right. Much of what economists actually believe - and teach in their incredibly boring textbooks - is wrong.   As a team with a background in finance, education and economics, we read a copious amount of books that cut through the confusion: Steve Keen’s “Debunking Economics”, Ann Pettifor’s "Just Money - How to Break the Despotic Power of Finance" and Ha-Joon Chang's "23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism", just to name a few. With the help of our advisor and friend Steve Keen, we can now share what we’ve learned.   About Suzie and Miguel:   Miguel Guerra An obscenely talented artist and writer whose dedication and ability to get [expletive] done on time warps the boundaries of time and space. It’s his art that you see on every page. Miguel was born in Spain, but his family later moved around the U.S. and settled in Canada. He speaks fluent English and Spanish. Miguel has worked on projects for various small and large organizations, including the National Book Foundation and Heavy Metal: Together with his co-writer Suzy, they published the following short stories in Heavy Metal: • Bedbugs (July 2007) • Insomnia (January 2010) • A Lonely Cry in Space (May 2010) Miguel also creates original t-shirt designs and commissioned art (including book covers, comic covers, illustrations, avatars, web art, clip art, etc...). Have a special request? Let us know and he'll design something personal just for you. Click here to contact Miguel directly. You can also see his portfolio at www.MiguelGuerra.com.   Suzy Dias A nose to the grindstone writer, Suzy works on comics, graphic novels, children's books, short stories, and novellas (usually comedy, sci-fi, and action). She also works as a webmaster, graphic designer, letterer, and a cartoonist. Suzy was born in Canada, speaks fluent Portuguese, advanced Spanish, and can order a meal in French. She started her career in finance and worked her way out of the pits and into the media industry, including the Globe and Mail in Toronto and Bloomberg in New York City, where she worked as a writer and editor for the better part of 10 years.   Kindred Spirits Miguel and Suzy found they were kindred spirits and perfect co-creators and writing partners. They decided to tie the knot and have been writing and creating new worlds ever since. Together and individually, they've written comics, graphic novels, movie scripts, TV episodes, and novellas.        

A lecture and discussion with Ha-Joon Chang and panel for Cambridge Public Policy Strategic Research Initiative.

Between the idea And the reality Between the motion And the act Falls the shadow. The words of TS Eliot provide a cue for this playful, challenging and touching anniversary series celebrating 20 years of Between the Ears. Radio 3's showcase for adventurous feature-making was launched in October 1993 with a 'piece for radio', by the composer Ian Gardiner. 'Monument', which was conceived as a kind of London symphony, received the prestigious Prix Italia the following year. Shadowplay offers a new four-part 'symphony of voices', exploring the shadows that may fall between the appearance of things and their reality. Making use of the full palette available to the radio producer - documentary, fiction, music, pure sound - four feature-makers address our values, our identities, our romantic inclinations and our sense of worth. In the first movement 'Theme and Variations', ideas about what we value - wealth, health, liberty and happiness - are revealed through the experiences and insights of the economists Ha-Joon Chang and Felix Martin, the life-model Sue Tilley and the poet Jazzman John Clarke, and also with reference to Ian Gardiner's 'Monument', Ritalin and Mary Poppins. Produced by Alan Hall and Hana Walker-Brown. A Falling Tree production for BBC Radio 3.

 Produced by Eun-Shil Parkand Steven S. Bammel, and hosted by Tom Tucker.September 2, 2011The Korea Business Interview SeriesProfessor Ha-Joon Chang"23 Things They Don’t Tell You About (Korean) Capitalism"Professor Ha-Joon Chang is Professor in the Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, and author of the international best-seller 23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism.* * *The Korean economic miracle was not achieved through policies of free trade or hands-off capitalism. But, in the last decade, the Korean government has jumped on the global free market bandwagon, deregulating industries and signing free trade agreements with many other countries.One voice that has consistently spoken out to remind people of forgotten history is Professor Ha-Joon Chang. Having lived through the Korean economic boom, and studied and taught development economics in Europe, Professor Chang brings a much-needed alternative perspective to the mainstream.With a knack for explaining complicated concepts in easy-to-understand language, in his latest book, 23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism, Professor Chang helps KBC listeners understand the connections between global generalities and their specific applications to Korea.You may not, in the end, agree with all of Professor Chang’s conclusions, but you can’t deny that he points out many truths of business and economics that others often overlook. His compelling perspective makes the debate richer and this interview contributes to an understanding of Korea and Korean business today.Listen to the interview first, and then go out and buy the book. It’s available in at least eight languages.Original Post, Transcript, & Discussioncan be found on Korea Business Central

 Produced by Eun-Shil Parkand Steven S. Bammel, and hosted by Tom Tucker.September 2, 2011The Korea Business Interview SeriesProfessor Ha-Joon Chang"23 Things They Don’t Tell You About (Korean) Capitalism"Professor Ha-Joon Chang is Professor in the Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, and author of the international best-seller 23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism.* * *The Korean economic miracle was not achieved through policies of free trade or hands-off capitalism. But, in the last decade, the Korean government has jumped on the global free market bandwagon, deregulating industries and signing free trade agreements with many other countries.One voice that has consistently spoken out to remind people of forgotten history is Professor Ha-Joon Chang. Having lived through the Korean economic boom, and studied and taught development economics in Europe, Professor Chang brings a much-needed alternative perspective to the mainstream.With a knack for explaining complicated concepts in easy-to-understand language, in his latest book, 23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism, Professor Chang helps KBC listeners understand the connections between global generalities and their specific applications to Korea.You may not, in the end, agree with all of Professor Chang’s conclusions, but you can’t deny that he points out many truths of business and economics that others often overlook. His compelling perspective makes the debate richer and this interview contributes to an understanding of Korea and Korean business today.Listen to the interview first, and then go out and buy the book. It’s available in at least eight languages.Original Post, Transcript, & Discussioncan be found on Korea Business Central

In economist Ha-Joon Chang's wonderful book, "23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism," the first of the 23 things is that there are no absolutely free markets. Think about it. If freeing up markets were always the solution, then wouldn't we allow the purchase of slaves, hiring of eight ye...

The United States does not have the highest living standard in the world - The washing machine has changed the world more than the internet - People in poor countries are more entrepreneurial than people in rich countries: Three contentions from the economist Ha-Joon Chang as he joins Laurie Taylor and tries to dispel what he sees as the myths and prejudices of free-market capitalism. He claims that we labour under the misconception that financial markets become more efficient, when the opposite is true and his analysis suggests that by breaking free of its free-market ideology, capitalism can be vastly improved. Producer: Chris Wilson.

Aditya Chakrabortty discusses industrial strategy with Ha-Joon Chang, plus David Cameron's cuts, BP's ongoing problems and Tesco's chief executive announces plans to stand down

Dr Ha-Joon Chang (Economics, Cambridge) and Dr Milfor Bateman (Economics, Juraj Dobrila Pula, Croatia) speaking at CRASSH conference 'Rethinking Social Economy' (7 May, 2010).