Podcasts about nature biomedical engineering

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Warum es unglücklicher machen kann, glücklicher werden zu wollen +++ Zu viel Sauberkeit auf der ISS schadet Astronaut*innen +++ Wie Pandabären vegetarisch leben können +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Update ErdeHappiness depletes me: Seeking happiness impairs limited resources and self-regulation/ Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 30.01.025The International Space Station has a unique and extreme microbial and chemical environment driven by use patterns/ Cell, 27.02.2025Cross-kingdom regulation of gene expression in giant pandas via plant-derived miRNA/ Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 28.02.2025Radioprotection of healthy tissue via nanoparticle-delivered mRNA encoding for a damage-suppressor protein found in tardigrades/ Nature Biomedical Engineering, 26.02.2025Alle Quellen findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

Welcome to BrainX AI in Medicine Podcast series, where we bring in leaders within fields of AI and Medicine to discuss their cutting-edge research, explore boundaries of current knowledge, and provide insightful commentary on how to effectively lead the AI revolution in Medicine. Today's guest is Vivek Natarajan, who is a Research Scientist at Google leading research at the intersection of large language models (LLMs) and biomedicine. In particular, Vivek is the lead researcher behind Med-PaLM and Med-PaLM 2, which were the first AI systems to obtain passing and expert level scores on US Medical License exam questions respectively. Med-PaLM was recently published in Nature and has been featured in The Scientific American, Wall Street Journal, The Economist, among many others. More recently, Vivek also led the development of Med-PaLM M, the first demonstration of a generalist biomedical AI system and AMIE, a research AI system, which surpassed Primary Care Physicians on multiple axes pertaining to diagnostic dialogue in an randomized study conducted in the style of a virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Over the years, Vivek's research has been published in well-regarded journals and conferences like Nature, Nature Medicine, Nature Biomedical Engineering, JMLR, CVPR, and NeurIPS. It also forms the basis for several regulated medical device products under clinical trials at Google, including the NHS AI award winning breast cancer detection system Mammo Reader and the skin condition classification system DermAssist.

¡Bienvenidos a un viaje revolucionario a través del tiempo y la ciencia! Acompáñanos en una entrevista exclusiva y en profundidad con el Dr. César de la Fuente, el hombre que literalmente está devolviendo la vida a moléculas extintas. Desde su vanguardista laboratorio en la Universidad de Pensilvania, el Dr. de la Fuente y su equipo están liderando el futuro de la medicina. Conoce al Dr. César de la Fuente Nacido en Galicia y formado en la Universidad de León, el Dr. César de la Fuente representa una amalgama de ambición, ingenio y dedicación. Su viaje académico le llevó desde España hasta Canadá, donde realizó su doctorado en la Universidad de British Columbia, y posteriormente a Estados Unidos para una estancia postdoctoral en el prestigioso MIT (Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts). El Dr. de la Fuente es pionero en el uso de ordenadores e inteligencia artificial para descubrir nuevos antibióticos. Adelantándose a su tiempo, César introdujo principios de informática en la biología al diseñar el primer antibiótico con eficacia en modelos preclínicos. Además, al darse cuenta de que los algoritmos podían aplicarse para explorar proteomas completos, llevó a cabo la primera exploración del proteoma humano como fuente de antibióticos. Esto condujo al descubrimiento de nuevos efectores del sistema inmune, llamados péptidos encriptados, generando numerosos candidatos preclínicos. Al hipotetizar que los péptidos encriptados se podían encontrar en todo el Árbol de la Vida, César exploró a nuestros parientes más cercanos, los neandertales y los denisovanos, identificando antibióticos en organismos extintos por primera vez y dando inicio al campo de la desextinción molecular. Desde entonces, César ha ampliado su investigación a los proteomas de todos los organismos extintos (el "extinctoma"). Estos esfuerzos pioneros han revelado un nuevo mundo de efectores de la inmunidad previamente no reconocidos. César también ha revolucionado el campo de los péptidos, expandiendo el espacio de secuencias conocidas con actividad antibiótica de alrededor de 6,000 a más de 1 millón. Este trabajo innovador ha acelerado drásticamente el descubrimiento de antibióticos, reduciendo el tiempo necesario de años a horas. César ha recibido más de 65 premios y ha publicado más de 130 artículos, incluyendo contribuciones en revistas punteras como Science, Nature Biomedical Engineering, Cell Host Microbe y PNAS. ** Premios y Reconocimientos ** - Mejor Investigador Joven de EE. UU.: Otorgado por la American Chemical Society, este premio subraya su contribución excepcional a la ciencia. - Top 10 Innovadores en Ciencias de la Vida: Reconocido por el MIT, este galardón destaca su enfoque revolucionario en la biotecnología. – Premio Princesa de Girona: Este premio español le fue concedido por su trabajo pionero en la creación de antibióticos mediante ordenador. - Premio Rao Makineni 2023: Este galardón subraya su excelencia en el campo de la biotecnología. - Colegio de Miembros de AIMBE: Este reconocimiento es una de las más altas distinciones profesionales concedidas a los ingenieros médicos y biológicos. ** Trayectoria Académica y Profesional ** Su educación en biotecnología en la Universidad de León fue solo el comienzo. Realizó su doctorado en microbiología e inmunología en la University of British Columbia, dónde fue becario de la Fundación "La Caixa". Después fue reclutado por el MIT, obteniendo una beca de la Fundación Ramón Areces. Actualmente, dirige el Grupo de Biología de Máquinas en la Universidad de Pensilvania, donde comparte espacio con los creadores de la vacuna Pfizer contra la COVID-19. ** Contribuciones Científicas ** Autor de más de 130 artículos científicos, el Dr. de la Fuente está dejando una huella indeleble en el mundo de la ciencia. Su trabajo más reciente en "desextinción molecular" abre nuevas vías en la lucha contra las superbacterias, que podrían causar hasta 10 millones de muertes al año para 2050 según la OMS. Un Trabajo Revolucionario El laboratorio del Dr. de la Fuente no es simplemente otra instalación de investigación; es un crisol de innovación. Utilizando inteligencia artificial, están resucitando moléculas de organismos extintos para combatir la amenaza inminente de superbacterias resistentes a los antibióticos. Su laboratorio está sentando las bases de los medicamentos del futuro, utilizando inteligencia artificial para explorar genomas y proteomas para poder desarrollar nuevos antibióticos en cuestión de horas, en lugar de años. Este campo revolucionario, conocido como "Desextinción Molecular," podría ser nuestra mejor apuesta contra una futura crisis sanitaria. ️ Destacados de la Entrevista ️ - El viaje desde A Coruña hasta liderar un laboratorio pionero en el mundo - El proceso de "resucitar" moléculas extintas - El futuro de la investigación de antibióticos - Consideraciones éticas - Mensaje para los niños y científicos españoles

Chegou o momento do já tradicional episódio duplo sobre o IgNobel, que tem como missão "honrar estudos e experiências que primeiro fazem as pessoas rir e depois pensar", com as descobertas científicas mais estranhas do ano.Esta é a primeira de duas partes sobre a edição 2023 do prêmio, trazendo as categorias Química & Geologia, Literatura, Engenharia Mecânica, Saúde Pública e Comunicação.Confira no papo entre o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.> OUÇA (43min 47s)*Naruhodo! é o podcast pra quem tem fome de aprender. Ciência, senso comum, curiosidades, desafios e muito mais. Com o leigo curioso, Ken Fujioka, e o cientista PhD, Altay de Souza.Edição: Reginaldo Cursino.http://naruhodo.b9.com.br*PARCERIA: ALURAAprofunde-se de vez: garantimos conhecimento com profundidade e diversidade, para se tornar um profissional em T - incluindo programação, front-end, data science, devops, ux & design, mobile, inovação & gestão.Navegue sua carreira: são mais de 1300 cursos e novos lançamentos toda semana, além de atualizações e melhorias constantes.Conteúdo imersivo: faça parte de uma comunidade de apaixonados por tudo que é digital. Mergulhe na comunidade Alura.Aproveite o desconto para ouvintes Naruhodo no link:https://bit.ly/naruhodo_alura*CATEGORIAS PARTE 1PRÊMIO DE QUÍMICA E GEOLOGIA [POLÔNIA, REINO UNIDO]Jan Zalasiewicz, por explicar por que muitos cientistas gostam de lamber rochas.REFERENCE: “Eating Fossils,” Jan Zalasiewicz, The Paleontological Association Newsletter, no. 96, November 2017. palass.org/publications/newsletter/eating-fossilsPRÊMIO DE LITERATURA [FRANÇA, REINO UNIDO, MALÁSIA, FINLÂNDIA]Chris Moulin, Nicole Bell, Merita Turunen, Arina Baharin e Akira O'Connor por estudar as sensações que as pessoas sentem quando repetem uma única palavra muitas, muitas, muitas, muitas, muitas, muitas vezes.REFERENCE: “The The The The Induction of Jamais Vu in the Laboratory: Word Alienation and Semantic Satiation,” Chris J. A. Moulin, Nicole Bell, Merita Turunen, Arina Baharin, and Akira R. O'Connor, Memory, vol. 29, no. 7, 2021, pp. 933-942. doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2020.1727519PRÊMIO DE ENGENHARIA MECÂNICA [ÍNDIA, CHINA, MALÁSIA, EUA]Te Faye Yap, Zhen Liu, Anoop Rajappan, Trevor Shimokusu e Daniel Preston, por reanimar aranhas mortas para usá-las como ferramentas de agarrar mecânico.REFERENCE: “Necrobotics: Biotic Materials as Ready-to-Use Actuators,” Te Faye Yap, Zhen Liu, Anoop Rajappan, Trevor J. Shimokusu, and Daniel J. Preston, Advanced Science, vol. 9, no. 29, 2022, article 2201174. doi.org/10.1002/advs.202201174PRÊMIO DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA [COREIA DO SUL, EUA]Seung-min Park, por inventar o Toilet Stanford, um dispositivo que usa uma variedade de tecnologias, incluindo uma tira de teste de urinálise, um sistema de visão por computador para análise de defecação, um sensor de impressão anal emparelhado com uma câmera de identificação e uma ligação de telecomunicações, para monitorar e analisar rapidamente as substâncias que os seres humanos excretam.REFERENCE: “A Mountable Toilet System for Personalized Health Monitoring via the Analysis of Excreta,” Seung-min Park, Daeyoun D. Won, Brian J. Lee, Diego Escobedo, Andre Esteva, Amin Aalipour, T. Jessie Ge, et al., Nature Biomedical Engineering, vol. 4, no. 6, 2020, pp. 624-635. doi.org/10.1038/s41551-020-0534-9REFERENCE: “Digital Biomarkers in Human Excreta,” Seung-min Park, T. Jessie Ge, Daeyoun D. Won, Jong Kyun Lee, and Joseph C. Liao, Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology, vol. 18, no. 8, 2021, pp. 521-522. doi.org/10.1038/s41575-021-00462-0REFERENCE: “Smart Toilets for Monitoring COVID-19 Surges: Passive Diagnostics and Public Health,” T. Jessie Ge, Carmel T. Chan, Brian J. Lee, Joseph C. Liao, and Seung-min Park, NPJ Digital Medicine, vol. 5, no. 1, 2022, article 39. doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00582-0REFERENCE: “Passive Monitoring by Smart Toilets for Precision Health,” T. Jessie Ge, Vasiliki Nataly Rahimzadeh, Kevin Mintz, Walter G. Park, Nicole Martinez-Martin, Joseph C. Liao, and Seung-min Park, Science Translational Medicine, vol. 15, no. 681, 2023, article eabk3489. doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abk3489PRÊMIO DE COMUNICAÇÃO [ARGENTINA, ESPANHA, COLÔMBIA, CHILE, CHINA, EUA]María José Torres-Prioris, Diana López-Barroso, Estela Càmara, Sol Fittipaldi, Lucas Sedeño, Agustín Ibáñez, Marcelo Berthier e Adolfo García, por estudar as atividades mentais de pessoas que são especialistas em falar ao contrário.REFERENCE: “Neurocognitive Signatures of Phonemic Sequencing in Expert Backward Speakers,” María José Torres-Prioris, Diana López-Barroso, Estela Càmara, Sol Fittipaldi, Lucas Sedeño, Agustín Ibáñez, Marcelo L. Berthier, and Adolfo M. García, Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 10621, 2020. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67551-z*REFERÊNCIASThe 33rd First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremonyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P9UQi0ORXv4Naruhodo #29 - O que é e como acontece o déjà vu?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsgpP0CWrZsNaruhodo #141 - Cheirar pum faz bem a saúde?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISe5ObqFjT0Naruhodo #375 - Por que cutucamos o nariz?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_iB-EHHh5gNaruhodo #384 - Por que tomamos choque quando encostamos em certas coisas?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhKsqKRHwswNaruhodo #389 - Por que repetir palavras deixa elas estranhas?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKN89pAb10UNaruhodo #397 - Por que ficamos entediados?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FAZ9BPv_6O4Naruhodo #151 - Especial Prêmio Ig Nobel 2018 - Parte 1 de 2https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-151-especial-premio-ig-nobel-2018-parte-1-de-2/Naruhodo #152 - Especial Prêmio Ig Nobel 2018 - Parte 2 de 2https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-152-especial-premio-ig-nobel-2018-parte-2-de-2/Naruhodo #202 - Especial Prêmio Ig Nobel 2019 - Parte 1 de 2https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-202-especial-premio-ig-nobel-2019-parte-1-de-2/Naruhodo #203 - Especial Prêmio Ig Nobel 2019 - Parte 2 de 2https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-203-especial-premio-ig-nobel-2019-parte-2-de-2/Naruhodo #254 - Especial Prêmio Ig Nobel 2020 - Parte 1 de 2https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-254-especial-premio-ignobel-2020-parte-1-de-2/Naruhodo #255 - Especial Prêmio Ig Nobel 2020 - Parte 2 de 2https://www.b9.com.br/shows/naruhodo/naruhodo-255-especial-premio-ignobel-2020-parte-2-de-2/Naruhodo #302 - Prêmio IgNobel 2021 - Parte 1 de 2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tos9wQyGSTINaruhodo #303 - Prêmio IgNobel 2021 - Parte 2 de 2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3QDkBx7_osNaruhodo #355 - Prêmio IgNobel 2022 - Parte 1 de 2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIx5uHKgHLsNaruhodo #356 - Prêmio IgNobel 2022 - Parte 2 de 2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIOVn1hDt8s*APOIE O NARUHODO PELA PLATAFORMA ORELO!Um aviso importantíssimo: o podcast Naruhodo agora está no Orelo: https://bit.ly/naruhodo-no-oreloE é por meio dessa plataforma de apoio aos criadores de conteúdo que você ajuda o Naruhodo a se manter no ar.Você escolhe um valor de contribuição mensal e tem acesso a conteúdos exclusivos, conteúdos antecipados e vantagens especiais.Além disso, você pode ter acesso ao nosso grupo fechado no Telegram, e conversar comigo, com o Altay e com outros apoiadores.E não é só isso: toda vez que você ouvir ou fizer download de um episódio pelo Orelo, vai também estar pingando uns trocadinhos para o nosso projeto.Então, baixe agora mesmo o app Orelo no endereço Orelo.CC ou na sua loja de aplicativos e ajude a fortalecer o conhecimento científico.https://bit.ly/naruhodo-no-orelo

Welcome to Neurocareers, the podcast that proves the impossible is possible! We're thrilled to bring you the second episode of our BCI Award Neurocareers series featuring Prof. Nicholas Opie, the mastermind behind the revolutionary Stentrode and endovascular neural interfaces. Prof. Opie, a biomedical engineer and the founding CTO of Synchron, knows what it takes to succeed in the innovative field of neurotech. Prof. Opie's Stentrode project won 1st place in the International BCI Award competition in 2021. In this podcast episode, he'll share his top tips for winning the International BCI Award and building a successful career in the industry. Join us as we dive deep into the Stentrode revolution and discover how endovascular neural interfaces are changing the game. Prof. Opie will take us through his groundbreaking research and share insights on making the impossible possible in neurotech. As always, Neurocareers inspires and educates you on the exciting and ever-evolving world of neuroscience and neurotechnologies. Don't miss this opportunity to learn from one of the best in the field! This BCI Award Neurocareers series is a partnership between Milena Korostenskaja, PhD at the Institute of Neuroapproaches, and Christoph Guger, PhD at g.tec biomedical engineering. About the Podcast Guest: Professor Nicholas Opie, BE BSc PhD MBA, is a leading biomedical engineer and an expert in neural interfaces. He currently serves as the Laboratory Head of the Vascular Bionics Laboratory in the Department of Medicine at the University of Melbourne, where he is also an NHMRC Research Fellow. Throughout his career, Prof Opie has brought multiple biomedical devices from concept to clinic, including a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis (bionic eye) that aims to restore vision to individuals with profound vision loss, and a motor neuron prosthesis (bionic spine) that seeks to restore independence, communication, and mobility to individuals with paralysis. He has published over 55 peer-reviewed journal articles, including in Nature Biomedical Engineering and Nature Biotechnology. Additionally, he has filed over 90 patents and was awarded the 2021 NFMRI John Raftos AM Award for Advancing Innovation. Prof Opie is also Synchron's founding Chief Technology Officer (CTO), a neural interface company based in Melbourne and New York. He has raised over AUD$210M in private funding and grants and designed Synchron's flagship product, the Stentrode™. The Stentrode is listed in Time Magazine's Top 100 Inventions of 2021 and aims to provide treatment for debilitating medical illnesses while empowering patients by reconnecting them online in ways that dramatically improve their lives. Following a successful first-in-human trial conducted in Australia on the Stentrode motor neuroprosthesis, Prof Opie and Synchron recently received approval from the US FDA. This approval paves the way for a trial in the US, which will commence this year and represents a significant step towards the first FDA approval for implantable brain-computer interfaces. To learn more about Prof Opie and his work, visit his profile page at the University of Melbourne: https://findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/profile/430403-nicholas-opie. You can also check out the Stentrode SWITCH study, which involved four patients: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36622685/. Learn more about Synchron's innovative technology on their website: https://synchron.com/. Finally, connect with Prof Nicholas Opie on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/professor-nicholas-opie-4603289a/. About the podcast host: The Neurocareers podcast is brought to you by The Institute of Neuroapproaches (https://www.neuroapproaches.org/) and its founder, Milena Korostenskaja, Ph.D. (Dr. K), a neuroscience educator, research consultant, and career coach for students and recent graduates in neuroscience and neurotechnologies. As a professional coach with a background in the field, Dr. K understands the unique challenges and opportunities facing students in this field and can provide personalized coaching and support to help you succeed. Here's what you'll get with one-on-one coaching sessions from Dr. K: Identification and pursuit of career goals Guidance on job search strategies, resume and cover letter development, and interview preparation Access to a network of professionals in the field of neuroscience and neurotechnologies Ongoing support and guidance to help you stay on track and achieve your goals You can always schedule a free neurocareer consultation/coaching session with Dr. K at https://neuroapproaches.as.me/free-neurocareer-consultation Subscribe to our Nerocareers Newsletter to stay on top of all our cool neurocareers news at updates https://www.neuroapproaches.org/neurocareers-news  

Kanazawa University NanoLSI Podcast: Biological lasso: Enhanced drug delivery to the brainTranscript of this podcastHello and welcome to the NanoLSI podcast. Thank you for joining us today. In this episode we feature the latest research by Kunio Matsumoto and colleagues at the Kanazawa University NanoLSI. The research described in this podcast was published in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering in November 2022 Kanazawa University NanoLSI website https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/Biological lasso: Enhanced drug delivery to the brainIn a study recently published in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering, researchers from Kanazawa University use a method called “lasso-grafting” to design therapeutics with enhanced longevity and brain penetration. Cell growth and repair are stimulated by biomolecules known as cytokines and growth factors. Unfortunately, delivering adequate concentrations of these molecules to the brain for treating neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease is challenging as they are either cleared out of the blood very quickly or do not penetrate neural tissue effectively. A research team led by Kunio Matsumoto and Katsuya Sakai at Kanazawa University in collaboration with Junichi Takagi, Osaka University and Hiroaki Suga, the University of Tokyo has now used a technique called “lasso-grafting” to design molecules that replicate growth factors with longer retention in the body and brain penetration.The team synthesized a molecular entity comprising two components: macrocyclic peptides inserted into antibody fragments (known as Fc). Macrocyclic peptides are truncated proteins which can be engineered to resemble growth factors. Using lasso-grafting, a method previously developed by the researchers, the selected peptides were inserted into loops found on Fc. Now, lasso-grafting ensures that the macrocyclic peptides are easily exposed while keeping the structural integrity and function of both the peptide and Fc intact. Fc was used for this purpose as it remains in the body long enough and can easily add functionality of the Fab of choice.Using this process, a designer molecule replicating the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was first created. HGF binds a docking protein known as Met on the surface of cells to initiate signaling for cell growth and survival. Thus, aMD4 and aMD5, two macrocyclic peptides that can also bind to Met were first identified. They were then grafted into various sites on Fc until optimum insertion sites were found. When exposed to cells, Fc(aMD4) and Fc(aMD5) indeed latched onto Met receptors and initiated cellular signaling akin to HGF (Fig. 1b). Next, the longevity of Fc(aMD4) compared to Fc and HGF alone, was examined. When administered to mice, concentrations of HGF dwindled significantly after an hour while Fc(aMD4) persisted at levels enough to activate Met, for up to 200 hours. Markers for cellular replication were also active in these mice. Fc(aMD4) thus showed longevity and bioactivity.  The final step was to determine the brain penetration of these designer molecules. For this purpose, aMD4 was inserted into an Fc of anti-transferrin receptor (TfR) antibody which accumulates in the mouse brain after peripheral administration (Fig. 1c). Indeed, TfR(aMD4) showed high accumulation and retention within the brain tissues of mice compared to Fc(aMD4) alone.This study depicts a novel strategy of inducing the effects of growth factors and cytokines with enhanced retention in brain tissues. What's more, based on the macrocyclic peptides and antibodies selected, this technique can be applied to imitate several growth factors. “Thus, lasso-grafting enables the design of protein therapeutics with thNanoLSI Podcast website

Wearable medical devices inside and outside of your body. Understanding what's happening inside your body can be tricky. Lugging around a scanning device with you all day isn't practical, but how can doctors tell what's happening in your daily life? Want to know what your organs are doing when you go for a jog or live your daily life? Wearable ultrasonic patches can give precise and long term ultrasounds making precise medicine possible. Stimulating nerves is a useful treatment for some conditions like Parkinson's or epilepsy but are very invasive. How can you use magnets to make these treatments much more friendly. Chonghe Wang, Xiaoyu Chen, Liu Wang, Mitsutoshi Makihata, Hsiao-Chuan Liu, Tao Zhou, Xuanhe Zhao. Bioadhesive ultrasound for long-term continuous imaging of diverse organs. Science, 2022; 377 (6605): 517 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2542 Joshua C. Chen, Peter Kan, Zhanghao Yu, Fatima Alrashdan, Roberto Garcia, Amanda Singer, C. S. Edwin Lai, Ben Avants, Scott Crosby, Zhongxi Li, Boshuo Wang, Michelle M. Felicella, Ariadna Robledo, Angel V. Peterchev, Stefan M. Goetz, Jeffrey D. Hartgerink, Sunil A. Sheth, Kaiyuan Yang, Jacob T. Robinson. A wireless millimetric magnetoelectric implant for the endovascular stimulation of peripheral nerves. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2022; DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00873-7

In questo audio il prezioso incontro con Marco Aime antropologo Eleonora Dondossola biostatistica Huston.L'intervista è nel podcast Contemporaneamente di Mariantonietta Firmani, il podcast pensato per Artribune.In Contemporaneamente podcast trovate incontri tematici con autorevoli interpreti del contemporaneo tra arte e scienza, letteratura, storia, filosofia, architettura, cinema e molto altro. Per approfondire questioni auliche ma anche cogenti e futuribili. Dialoghi straniati per accedere a nuove letture e possibili consapevolezze dei meccanismi correnti: tra locale e globale, tra individuo e società, tra pensiero maschile e pensiero femminile, per costruire una visione ampia, profonda ed oggettiva della realtà.Marco Aime ed Eleonora Dondossola ci raccontano gli affascinanti mondi della scienza e delle culture umane. Le biotecnologie hanno radici antichissime, e l'antropologia induce a spostare il pensiero per provare a valutare diversi punti di vista. Tute le culture sono risultanti di sommatorie di culture, scaturite dagli spostamenti degli antenati. L'ingegneria dei tessuti ha ampi spettri di applicazione e a volte la scoperta di farmaci a volte è casuale dopo tentativi per errore. Poi, alla grande evoluzione tecnologica non ha corrisposto un adeguata evoluzione nel comportamento degli umani rimasta invariata dal tempo di Platone. Certo la base della scienza è il fallimento, tutti i modelli sono sbagliati ma alcuni sono utili. Nessuna cultura lascia il corpo così com'è, ed anche, il tumore è stato trovato in mummie egiziane. Ora ci sono nuove collaborazioni tra università e aziende anche per i costi di brevetti, e molto altro.ASCOLTA L'INTERVISTA! BREVI NOTE BIOGRAFICHE DEGLI AUTORIMarco Aime (Torino, 1956) antropologo e scrittore italiano, ordinario di antropologia culturale all'Università di Genova. Inizia la professione di giornalista, scrittore e fotografo freelance, collaborando con testate come La Stampa, Airone, Atlante, Gulliver. Nel 1992 vince un dottorato di ricerca in Antropologia culturale ed Etnologia all'Università di Torino, nel 1999 entra come ricercatore all'Università di Genova. Sui concetti di identità e turismo, ha condotto ricerche sul campo in Africa occidentale (Benin, Mali), sulle Alpi e in numerosi viaggi in paesi extraeuropei. A partire da Algeria, Libia, Tunisia, Marocco, Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Etiopia, Tanzania, Congo, Botswana, Namibia, Sudafrica, Yemen, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailandia, Ecuador.Come divulgatore partecipa a molte edizioni del Festival della Mente di Sarzana e del Festivaletteratura di Mantova. Consulente scientifico del festival Pistoia - Dialoghi sull'uomo. Autore di favole per ragazzi, testi di narrativa e saggi, riceve premi letterari come: Chatwin e Albatros con il libro di racconti Taxi Brousse. Tra le moltissime pubblicazioni ricordiamo: Un antropologo nel metrò (1986); Il primo libro di antropologia (2008). Classificare, separare, esclude. Razzismi e identità (2020). Ha curato Atlante delle frontiere (2018) e Pensare altrimenti. L'antropologia in 10 parole (2020). Eleonora Dondossola è junior Faculty all'UT MD Anderson Cancer Center di Houston, TX, USA dal 2011. Consegue Laurea in Biotecnologie Mediche e Farmaceutiche, Master in Biotecnologie Molecolari e Cellulari e Dottorato in Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare all'Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milano. Utilizza l'ingegneria dei tessuti, la microscopia multifotonica intravitale, e l'oncologia computazionale per comprendere i meccanismi che supportano la progressione delle metastasi ossee del cancro alla prostata e la loro risposta alla terapia.Le sue ricerche sono pubblicate su prestigiose riviste come: Science Translational Medicine, Nature Biomedical Engineering, JNCI, PNAS, Cancer Research, Biomaterials, Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Inoltre il suo lavoro scientifico è stato presentato in oltre 80 conferenze ed è supportato da diverse agenzie governative e fondazioni. Dal 2017 tra le top 100 esperte STEM italiane, nominata tra le 10 finaliste del premio globale “Nature Research Award for Inspiring Science” nel 2019. Ed anche nel 2021 è stata identificata tra i 40 più promettenti professionisti in oncologia sotto ai 40 anni negli Stati Uniti. È attivamente impegnata nella divulgazione scientifica e nel supportare le ragazze nelle STEM a livello internazionale. Dal 2015 supervisiona con passione il lavoro degli studenti e i giovani ricercatori che fanno parte del suo gruppo.

Dr. Cesar de la Fuente, Ph.D. (https://www.med.upenn.edu/apps/faculty/index.php/g275/p9151622) is a Presidential Assistant Professor at the University of Pennsylvania, where he leads the Machine Biology Group (https://delafuentelab.seas.upenn.edu/) whose goal is to combine the power of machines and biology to help prevent, detect, and treat infectious diseases. Specifically, he pioneered the development of the first antibiotic designed by a computer with efficacy in animals, designed algorithms for antibiotic discovery, has reprogrammed venoms into antimicrobials, created novel resistance-proof antimicrobial materials, and invented rapid low-cost diagnostics for COVID-19 and other infections. He has a M.Sc. (Biotechnology) University of Leon, and Ph.D. (Microbiology & Immunology) University of British Columbia. Dr. de la Fuente is an NIH Maximizing Investigators' Research Award investigator and has received recognition and research funding from numerous other groups. Dr. de la Fuente has received over 50 awards including being recognized by MIT Technology Review as one of the world's top innovators for "digitizing evolution to make better antibiotics". He was selected as the inaugural recipient of the Langer Prize, an ACS Kavli Emerging Leader in Chemistry, and received the American Institute of Chemical Engineers 's 35 Under 35 Award and the ACS Infectious Diseases Young Investigator Award. In 2021, he received the Thermo Fisher Award, and the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Academic Early Career Achievement Award "For the pioneering development of novel antibiotics designed using principles from computation, engineering and biology". Most recently, Dr. de la Fuente was awarded the prestigious Princess of Girona Prize for Scientific Research and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Award for Early Career Applied and Biotechnological Research. Dr. de la Fuente has given over 150 invited lectures and his scientific discoveries have yielded around 100 publications, including papers in Nature Biomedical Engineering, Nature Communications, PNAS, ACS Nano, Cell, Nature Chemical Biology, Advanced Materials, and multiple patents.

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub! This episode is one of a two part series on optical methods for recording and stimulating neural activity. Our guests on this episode are Elizabeth Hillman, PhD,  Mark Schnitzer, PhD, and Jacob Robinson, PhD. So far, our technical dives have focused mainly on direct electrical recording and stimulation of neural activity, but in this episode we deep dive into advantages that all-optical interfaces might have over electrical interfaces, and the challenges in developing them. In addition, we talk about running highly collaborative, interdisciplinary projects that span traditional physics and engineering with biology, a theme that is ever-present in neurotech and is also highlighted in part two of this series. Cheers!Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/episode-11-let-there-be-lightShow NotesLatest news & publications since recording: >> Hillman Lab: New publication on SCAPE in Nature Biomedical Engineering>> Robinson Lab: Review article in Optica on Recent advances in lensless imaging>> Robinson Lab: BioRxiv pre-print on in vivo fluorescence imaging1:23 | The Heart and Soul of a Paper2:32| Ultrasmall Mode Volumes in Dielectric Optical Microcavities3:01 | Robinson Lab4:01 | Hillman Lab4:07 | Zuckerman Institute4:15 | Schnitzer Lab4:25 | Howard Hughes Medical Institute4:41| Miniature Fluorescence Microscope9:02 | Discovery of DNA Structure and Function10:25 | Hodgkin–Huxley Equations13:49 | Vessel Dilation in the Brain16:03 | State of the art of Neural Optical Recording18:03 | Long-Term Optical Access to an Estimated One Million Neurons in Mouse Cortex24:56 | Watch the Crystal Skull video27:45 | High-Speed Cellular-Resolution Light Beads Microscopy29:54 | Relationship between spiking activity and calcium imaging32:50 | Analytical & Quantitative Light Microscopy [AQLM]32:59 | Imaging Structure & Function in the Nervous System35:22 | NIH Brain Initiative Cell Census Network (BICCN)35:54 | Allen Brain Atlas: Cell Types40:17 | A Theory of Multineuronal Dimensionality, Dynamics and Measurement46:19 | Dr. Laura Waller's DIY Diffuser Cam50:38 | FlatCam by Robinson Lab53:42 | Advantages of MEG55:06| Random Access Two Photon Scanning Techniques56:07 | Swept Confocally-Aligned Planar Excitation (SCAPE)58:47 | Optics Systems for Implantable BCIs1:00:43 | GCaMP - Janelia GECI reagents1:01:33 | DARPA NESD Program1:04:06 | SCAPE Microscopy for High-Speed Volumetric Imaging of Behaving Organisms1:07:00 | Glial Response to Implanted Electrodes1:07:07 | Brain Tissue Responses to Neural Implants1:09:36 | Two Deaths in Gene Therapy Trial for Rare Muscle Disease1:10:46 | Intrinsic Optical Signal due to Blood Oxygenation1:11:11 | Coupling Mechanism and Significance of the BOLD Signal1:12:10 | DARPA invests in Treating Mood Disorders1:12:57 | Amygdalar Representations of Pain1:13:48 | Fast Optical Signals: Principles, Methods, and Experimental Results1:14:12 | Dr. Larry Cohen's early work in Neurophotonics1:14:42 | Linear Systems Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Additional Resource1:16:20 | Flavoprotein Fluorescence Imaging in Neonates | Additional Resource1:18:02 | Pumped Probe Microscopy1:19:26 | Biological Imaging of Chemical Bonds by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy1:19:36 | Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy (CARS)1:19:55 | Min Lab @ Columbia1:20:06 | Glucose Analog for Stimulated Raman Scattering1:20:39 | Emerging Paradigms for Aspiring NeurotechnologistsWant more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter  Follow Matt, Elizabeth, Jacob & Mark 

Os cientistas da Universidade Fudan em Xangai, na China, trabalham em um novo tipo de teste que pode ser tão preciso quanto o PCR e dá o resultado em até quatro minutos.Eles publicaram um artigo, revisado por especialistas, na Nature Biomedical Engineering, e explicam que o novo teste usa microeletrônica e analisa o material genético da amostra sem necessidade de passar pelo laboratório.

Join us as we talk with artist and bioscientist Anna Rock about her work in animal research. mental health, and art. Anna has been published in an array of scientific journals, and her art has been featured at the SciArt Center at the NYC Hall of Science, Harvard, and MIT. In this episode, Anna joins Spencer from a '63 Cadillac in Austin, TX. Anna and Spencer talk about art, science, and philosophy and name Anna's new art studio in this ep. Anna and Spencer have known each other for 16 years and that rapport comes out in this episode. Subscribe today! www.anna-rock.com Instagram @planetannarock Newest publication accepted: " Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity. " in Nature Biomedical Engineering. Freedman et al.

Join us as we talk with artist and bioscientist Anna Rock about her work in animal research. mental health, and art. Anna has been published in an array of scientific journals, and her art has been featured at the SciArt Center at the NYC Hall of Science, Harvard, and MIT. In this episode, Anna joins Spencer from a '63 Cadillac in Austin, TX. Anna and Spencer talk about art, science, and philosophy and name Anna's new art studio in this ep. Anna and Spencer have known each other for 16 years and that rapport comes out in this episode. Subscribe today! www.anna-rock.com Instagram @planetannarock Newest publication accepted: " Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity. " in Nature Biomedical Engineering. Freedman et al.

In this episode, we cover skin biomechanics! As our largest organ, the skin is an essential part of movement and a source of protection for our bodies. Learn about why studying skin biomechanics is so critical from Professors Manuel Rausch and Adrian Buganza Tepole, from UT Austin and Purdue University, respectively. They share how their expertise in modeling and experimental techniques support each other in understanding skin mechanics and applications to diseases and conditions affecting the skin, such as pressure ulcers. We also learn about what has made their cross-university collaboration (and friendship) so successful. Follow Adrian and Manuel! Manuel's Twitter: @ManuelKRausch1 Manuel's research lab: http://www.manuelrausch.com/ Adrian's Twitter: @ABuganzaT Adrian's research lab: https://engineering.purdue.edu/tepolelab/ Follow BOOM! Twitter: @biomechanicsOOM Instagram and Facebook: @biomechanicsonourminds Website and shop: biomechanicsonourminds.com Bit of BOOM: Song, et al. 2021. Miniaturized electromechanical devices for the characterization of the biomechanics of deep tissue. Nature Biomedical Engineering. 5: 759–771. (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-021-00723-y)

In this episode, we cover skin biomechanics! As our largest organ, the skin is an essential part of movement and a source of protection for our bodies. Learn about why studying skin biomechanics is so critical from Professors Manuel Rausch and Adrian Buganza Tepole, from UT Austin and Purdue University, respectively. They share how their expertise in modeling and experimental techniques support each other in understanding skin mechanics and applications to diseases and conditions affecting the skin, such as pressure ulcers. We also learn about what has made their cross-university collaboration (and friendship) so successful. Follow Adrian and Manuel! Manuel's Twitter: @ManuelKRausch1 Manuel's research lab: http://www.manuelrausch.com/ Adrian's Twitter: @ABuganzaT Adrian's research lab: https://engineering.purdue.edu/tepolelab/ Follow BOOM! Twitter: @biomechanicsOOM Instagram and Facebook: @biomechanicsonourminds Website and shop: biomechanicsonourminds.com Bit of BOOM: Song, et al. 2021. Miniaturized electromechanical devices for the characterization of the biomechanics of deep tissue. Nature Biomedical Engineering. 5: 759–771. (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-021-00723-y)

This episode discusses Dr. Tejaswini Mishra's recent publication in Nature Biomedical Engineering: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-00640-6 Dr. Mishra begins the episode by explaining the origin story of this work and how the idea for this paper came to be. She then explains how this study enrolled thousands of participants and used the participants' smartwatch or wearable device data to detect COVID-19 infections.  After explaining how this study began, Dr. Mishra discusses how she and her team came up with two main algorithms for detecting COVID-19 infections from wearables data. Dr. Mishra also discusses the many variables that could be monitored with wearables in addition to standard measures used for predicting illnesses like heart rate.  Finally, we hear about the main results of this study including the successful detection of several active COVID-19 infections in study participants. We also hear a comparison of this work against the COVID-19 wearables study featured previously on the podcast. We end by hearing Dr. Mishra's thoughts on the future of wearables for detecting infectious diseases and for improving human health in general. 

Back by popular demand! We’re thrilled to welcome back our esteemed panel of global youth climate leaders for a second round of discussions on Net-Zero. In order to meet the 1.5°C global warming target in the Paris Agreement, global carbon emissions should reach net zero by the year 2050. A lofty and admirable goal. But what good are goals if we aren’t making measurable progress toward them? Not much. In part two of our discussion, we’ll be asking these questions: ✔️What are the incremental steps we need to be taking now to achieve net-zero by 2050? ✔️How can we hold ourselves and others accountable? ✔️What areas are the most important for us to focus our efforts? ✔️How can we offset the challenges presented by climate change deniers?   Meet the panelists: Beth Eden is an independent sustainability impact and engagement consultant, implementing SDGs in institutions and networks globally. She is also a volunteer Sustainability Communications Officer for SDSN Youth (Sustainable Development Solutions Network), a global movement to build a network of institutions to promote practical solutions for sustainable development and implement the United Nations SDGs and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Beth was recently named one of Corporate Knights 30 Under 30 Sustainability Leaders. Flaviu Cipcigan, PhD, is a researcher and strategist at IBM Research. His research uses artificial intelligence to accelerate the discovery of new materials for carbon capture. Flaviu also co-authored a method to accelerate the discovery of antibiotics published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. He led a joint project between IBM Research and a multinational pharmaceutical company to improve collaboration in drug discovery. He holds a PhD in physics from the University of Edinburgh. Flaviu co-founded and serves as co-curator of Global Shapers Manchester, and he was recently included in the Forbes 30 under 30 list.  Luna Abadia is the Founder and Executive Director of the Effective Climate Action Project, a youth-led environmental organization with a mission to promote effective and systemic solutions to climate change. She is pursuing the International Baccalaureate Diploma and is in her 11th year of the Spanish Immersion Program. Luna spent a year abroad in Japan as a Rotary Youth Exchange Ambassador, where she represented the US and won the JAFIE National Japanese Speech Contest for high school students in Japan at both the regional and prefectural levels with her speech on climate change.  Lore Van Onsem is a climate activist and author of If Nature Had a Voice, about a girl struggling to find a place for climate change in her life.  She learns about the reasoning behind human's complicated relationship with nature, the chance humans have to survive climate change, and more. Lore has been invited to join Darcy Winslow (Founder of Academy for Systems Change, former Nike GM) on the 2041 ClimateForce Expedition to Antarctica in November 2021. Vivek Badiani is the Co-founder eCO-SENSE, an ultra low-cost smart farming kit. Sensors in the soil measure metrics such as temperature, humidity, moisture and carbon dioxide emissions as well as nutrients. The sensors are sustainably powered using a biophotovoltaic cell that generates electricity from photosynthetic materials such as vascular plants and can be placed directly in the field, making batteries redundant. The data is transmitted wirelessly and stored in a connected cloud platform. Vivek is currently studying to achieve a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Cambridge.

This week's episode features authors David Kasss and Kavita Sharma as they join Greg to discuss their article "Myocardial Gene Expression Signatures in Human Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction." TRANSCRIPT BELOW: Dr. Carolyn Lam: Welcome to Circulation on the Run. Your weekly podcast, summary, and backstage pass to the journal and its editors. We're your co-hosts, I'm Dr. Carolyn Lam, associate editor from the National Heart Center and Duke National University of Singapore. Dr. Greg Hundley: And I'm Dr. Greg Hundley, director of the Pauley Heart Center at VCU Health in Richmond, Virginia. Dr. Carolyn Lam: I am so excited about today's feature paper. It talks about my favorite topic, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, or HFpEF, this time giving us really novel myocardial gene expression signatures in human HFpEF. Can't wait to go to that, but I also can't wait to share about some of the really cool papers in today's issue. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Now, we know that mitral valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring are alternatives to surgical reoperation in patients with recurrent mitral valve failure after a previous surgical valve repair or replacement. But, what are the outcomes after transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve or valve-in-ring procedures? And what is the clinical significance of post-procedure residual mitral stenosis or regurgitation? Well, we're going to find out in today's paper. Dr. Dvir from Hebrew University in Israel and authors examine the midterm outcomes in the Valve-in-Valve International Data registry, which is a multicenter collaboration and rolling cases performed between March, 2006 and 2020, in 90 centers worldwide. Dr. Greg Hundley: Wow, Carolyn. So what did they find? Dr. Carolyn Lam: Well, a total of 1079 patients were included with a median follow-up of 492 days. 4-year Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 62.5% in the valve-in-valve, versus 49.5% in valve-in-ring procedures. Significant residual mitral stenosis occurred in 8.2% of the valve-in-valve, and 12% of the valve-in-ring patients. Significant residual mitral regurgitation was more common in valve-in-ring patients. The correlates for residue mitral stenosis were smaller true internal diameter, younger age, and larger body mass index. The only correlate for residual mitral regurgitation was a valve-in-ring procedure. Significant residual mitral stenosis and residual mitral regurgitation were both independently associated with repeat mitral valve replacement. Dr. Carolyn Lam: So, significant residual mitral stenosis and/or mitral regurgitation were not infrequent after mitral valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring procedures, and we're both associated a need for repeat valve replacement, so strategies to improve post-procedural hemodynamics in mitral valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring should certainly be further explored. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice, Carolyn. Well, my first paper, it really involves results from the American Heart Association COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease registry, and it comes from our own associate editor, Dr. Justin Grodin from UT Southwestern Medical Center. So Carolyn, obesity may contribute to adverse outcomes in coronavirus disease, or COVID-19. However, studies of large, broadly-generalizable patient populations are still lacking in the effect of body mass index, or BMI, on COVID-19 outcomes, particularly in younger, adults remains uncertain. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Yeah. It is an important question. And so, what did they find? Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, Carolyn, obese patients are more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19, and are at higher risk of in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation, in particular, if they're young. So individuals less than age 50 years. Obese patients are also at higher risk for venous thromboembolism and dialysis. These observations support clear public health messaging and rigorous adherence to COVID-19 prevention strategies in all obese individuals, regardless of age. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Wow. An important public health message. Well, my next paper is a basic science one from doctors, Rayner and Karunakaran from University of Ottawa Heart Institute in Canada. For the first time, they investigated the role of RIP kinase 1, a coordinator of NF-kappa B inflammation and cell death, in atherosclerosis. Dr. Carolyn Lam: They found that RIP kinase 1 expression was highly expressed in early atherosclerotic lesions in humans and mice. In vitro, both basal and TNF alpha stimulated NF-kappa B activity, and resultant inflammatory gene expression was reduced in macrophages and endothelial cells when RIP kinase 1 was silenced. In vivo therapeutic administration of RIP kinase 1 antisense oligonucleotide markedly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size and macrophage content. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Together, these findings suggest that RIP kinase 1 drives inflammation in early atherosclerosis, and targeting RIP kinase 1 therefore provides a novel preventive strategy to treat atherosclerosis. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice, Carolyn. Well, my next paper comes from Dr. Kristin Stanford from The Ohio State University. So, Carolyn, brown adipose tissue is an important tissue for thermogenesis, making it a potential target to decrease the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and recent studies have also identified brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Dr. Greg Hundley: While brown adipose tissue has been implicated to be protective in cardiovascular disease to this point, there are no studies that identify a direct role for brown adipose tissue to mediate cardiac function. This study was performed to address this issue. Dr. Carolyn Lam: So what did they find? Dr. Greg Hundley: Okay, Carolyn. The authors found that transplantation of brown adipose tissue improves cardiac function via the release of the lipokine 12,13di-HOME. Sustained overexpression of 12,13di-HOME using tissue nanotransfection negated the delirious effects of a high-fat diet on cardiac function and remodeling, and acute injection of 12,13di-HOME increased cardiac hemodynamics via direct effects on the cardiomyocyte. Furthermore, incubation of cardiomyocytes with 12,13di-HOME increase mitochondrial respiration. So, Carolyn, these results identify an endocrine effect of brown fat to enhance cardiac function. Dr. Carolyn Lam: So interesting. Well, there are other very interesting types of papers in today's issue. There's an exchange of letters between Drs. Gui and Nahrendorf regarding the article Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Regulate Myelopoiesis in Diabetes. Dr. Carolyn Lam: In cardiology news, Tracy Hampton highlights articles from Nature Biomedical Engineering on AI-based eye movements for cardiovascular risk prediction, from Science on the metabolic profiling of the failing and non-failing heart, and from Science Translational Medicine on the heart healing effects of extracellular vesicles. Dr. Carolyn Lam: There's an On My Mind paper by Dr. Pelliccia on gaps in evidence for risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as well as a Research Letter by Dr. Brown on the association of inducible myocardial ischemia with long-term mortality and benefit from coronary artery bypass graft surgery in ischemic cardiomyopathy, which is a 10-year follow-up of the STICH trial. Dr. Greg Hundley: Nice, Carolyn. Well, my articles: Professor Himbert has an In-Depth article on the current indications for transcatheter mitral valve replacement using transcatheter aortic valves, valve-in-valve, valve-in-ring, and valve in mitral annulus calcification. There's a Research Letter from Dr. Martin (Than) regarding the single troponin rule-out of myocardial infarction. And finally, Professor Isser has an ECG challenge involving chest pain with ST-segment elevation in a young woman with a broken heart. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, now how about we proceed to that feature discussion? Dr. Carolyn Lam: Yay. Let's go, Greg. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, listeners, we want to bring you to our feature discussion today, and we have with us Dr. David Kass and Dr. Kavita Sharma both from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. David, could you tell us a little bit about the background related to this study and what hypothesis did you want to test? Dr. David Kass: Sure, Greg. My pleasure to be here. We have long had an interest in the syndrome we know as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, going back, really, decades, and the difficulty in assessing what's really wrong with the heart in this syndrome has been that we get so little information from the tissue itself, that most of the studies that have been done have been done at the macro level and physiology level and epidemiology level. Dr. David Kass: But at Johns Hopkins, Kavita Sharma, who now heads up our heart failure transplant group, had established a clinic, a HFpEF clinic, one of the very few in the United States, and the availability of both the patients through the clinic, and then as part of this, right heart catheterizations associated with endomyocardial biopsies being obtained, was really a very extraordinary opportunity to examine tissue at a molecular level, essentially for the first time. There's been no other data set quite like this one. Dr. David Kass: So, we had already established both a patient population, very, very well-phenotyped, very much symptomatic, and we had a tissue bank. And as part of a consortium, a network consortium grant that was sponsored by the American Heart Association, called the Go Red for Women Network, we had a project that basically was focused on trying to better understand HFpEF. Dr. David Kass: The impetus was really, no one knew anything about what's going on in the heart at the molecular level. Really. There had not been transcriptomic analysis ever done before, and there were plenty of questions that we thought this might be able to answer. Among them, how really different are these hearts from patients who have, what we'll call, garden-variety heart failure, heart failure with a low ejection fraction? That's seemingly not so controversial now, but actually there's still controversy as to exactly what's wrong with these hearts, and so we thought we would be able to tease that out. Dr. David Kass: Then it's also been, I think, widely discussed that this is a very heterogeneous disease or syndrome, really, that has a lot of different factors, comorbidities, that are associated with it. So question two was really, how cohesive is the molecular signature that you might see in the myocardium? Is it going to be hopelessly heterogeneous as well, in which case, what does that say about our possibility to develop drug therapies when the underlying biology may be very, very heterogeneous? And if not so heterogeneous, question followup would be, what signatures might be there in subgroups that we could identify, and with subgroup analysis then, help us target in a more personal medicine fashion, ultimately, a therapeutic for the syndrome? Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice. So, David, how did you assemble a study population, and what was your study design? Dr. David Kass: In this sense, this was very much an ongoing effort by Dr. Sharma and what was the HFpEF clinic team. Back, probably about 4 years ago, maybe even more, she had started to become interested in this and had amassed a clinic population while she was a resident, and then as a senior resident became more and more interested in this and this became her fellowship project when she was a cardiology fellow at Hopkins. Dr. David Kass: And by the time I became more involved with this, basically she had it in operation with study nurses and seeing patients. It was very clinically-oriented. There was some sort of more, I would say, population-level data being collected and studies being done, but nothing like quite what we did here. But that was there. Dr. David Kass: So, in terms of a study design, this was almost more a biobank. At this point, there was a cadre of patients she had been following. She had been following this group for some time. Basically, in a freezer we had endomyocardial biopsies under an IRB-approved protocol that had been obtained, and in part we were sort of waiting to get enough tissue together so we had a large enough data population and enough sample, and then really thinking through what might we be able to look at in these pieces, knowing full well that very little had been done. So almost anything we came up with, and we've been doing quite a few other things now as well, was going to be new, so I suppose the simplest study design of all. Dr. Greg Hundley: So, what did you find? Dr. David Kass: Well, going through those initial questions. Question number one, is there a unique molecular signature? We're looking at using what's called RNA-Seq, which is the newest generation of RNA gene expression analysis, in these myocardial biopsies. The answer was, yes, actually. There was a very unique signature. And this was all done using what we call agnostic bioinformatics approaches, where you just give the data, you give all the genes that are different between HFpEF and a control group, we had a control group, donor hearts. You look at basically the HFrEF group, the people with low ejection fraction, versus control. What are those differentially expressed genes? And of course you have your control. Dr. David Kass: So there are three groups and you get a series of little dots in what's called principal component analysis, and it was very clear, right from the beginning, that these groups separated, and this was just purely a statistical approach to say, are they different? Dr. David Kass: And then we asked further, are they still different even if we adjust for what are the common comorbidities and the things that differentiated, often, HFpEF from other forms of heart failure, specifically age, sex, having a large body mass index, having diabetes, these were all things that were more prevalent and more severe in the HFpEF group. So we adjusted for these things, again, sort of statistically, and redid this, and it's still absolutely separated. So question one, are they different at the transcript level? Yep. They're different. Dr. David Kass: And then, question two is basically, despite the heterogeneity, if you start digging into the genes, what kinds of genes are being differentially regulated? Is there a signature that becomes cohesive and consistent among the patients within the HFpEF group? The answer to that was, yes. And this too was very interesting because we also did an adjustment for the comorbidities, and what we found were the genes that were upregulated in HFpEF, that actually turned out mostly to be down-regulated in the other form of heart failure. Genes specifically associated with the manufacturing of ATP by mitochondria, the ATP synthase genes, those genes were significantly upregulated in HFpEF, but once you adjusted for body mass index, a lot of those pathways disappeared. So, the class of genes that were up regulated was in fact related to comorbidities. Dr. David Kass: Then we did the opposite. We looked at those genes that are down-regulated, and found that a large group of genes that were quite different, that are not on the tip of most people's tongues for what goes on in heart failure, mostly associated with protein processing, trafficking, autophagy, the process of protein recycling, endoplasmic reticular stress, which was something that the journal senior editor, Joe Hill, had talked about and published about earlier in the year in a mouse paper where he first came up with this idea that ER stress might be important. Well, looks like it's important in these humans. So, we found some unique signatures. Dr. David Kass: And then the last thing I suggested we would look at is whether we could get subsets from the molecular signatures, and the answer to that was, yes. Here we kind of threw the genes at a program and said, "You come up with clusters, purely based on the genes." That's it. No clinical information whatsoever. What it came out with were three groups, and very interestingly, there was a mortality difference between these groups just based on their transcript. One of the groups looked at pretty close, or closer, to HFpEF to reduced EF heart failure, and indeed, the genes that it came up with were typical of hypertrophy and remodeling and matrix remodeling, and that was the one with a group with the highest mortality. And then there was sort of a very different group with small hearts, relatively low levels of natriuretic peptide, an inflammatory pathway signature. Not the kind of thing we're to looking at and say, "Oh yeah, this is obviously heart failure," and yet they were equally symptomatic, tended to be a few more on the female side than male side. Dr. David Kass: So, I think, in the end, that study was very successful for all the things we were trying to do, really. That it's distinctive, that there are subgroups that we can identify at the transcriptome level, despite the heterogeneity, and we've got a list of genes now, pathways, really, that look to to be uniquely relevant. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice summary. Well, let's turn to your colleague, Dr. Kavita Sharma, who is also with us today and helped assemble this wonderful cohort. Kavita, how would you put these findings in the context with some of the other literature that's been published in heart failure preserved ejection fraction? Dr. Kavita Sharma: Hi, good morning. Thanks for the opportunity. That's a great question. The idea of trying to phenotype HFpEF has really been around, for now, a couple years, and that's driven by the fact that we have no therapeutic agents to date that have really affected outcomes in this population, in spite of the fact that half of all heart failure is classified as HFpEF and we have many therapies for HFrEF, or low ejection fraction patients. Dr. Kavita Sharma: And the thought is that, perhaps, it's a heterogeneous population and we're lumping to many different types of patients together. And so there have been a number of efforts to date to try to phenotype this population, but most of these have been centered around clinical comorbidities, and distinct groups have been identified, but without a clear sense of what is driving mechanistic differences between the groups, and then how to take it to the next step to target therapeutic agents to specific populations within HFpEF. Dr. Kavita Sharma: I think this is a big step closer to trying to really understand how we can target therapies. So, we've seen efforts at phenotyping and there are some overlap between the three groups that we identified from our RNA sequencing work, but this is now giving us a clue as to how to target mechanisms of disease. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice. Well, Kavita what do you see is the next study to perform, really, in this space, to follow your work? Dr. Kavita Sharma: Our goal is to really perform a comprehensive, as we call it, omics approach to phenotyping and HFpEF. We are actively looking at metabolomics, both from the blood and the tissue in collaboration with investigators at U Penn, we hope to also look at proteomics, and eventually single cell sequencing, as well as really trying to understand some of the actual myocyte-level contractility issues. And this is work that actually has just come out as well from our group, looking at sarcomere function in HFpEF from the right ventricle. Our hope is that each of these areas is going to further our understanding of myocardial deficits, so to speak, and areas that we could target for therapies. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice. David, do you have anything to add to that? Dr. David Kass: No. I think Kavita said it very, very well, and clearly the goal is to ultimately develop a more mechanistically-driven, personalized approach to the subsets of HFpEF so that hopefully we get a therapy that actually is going to work. These are not tiny subsets of this group. Remember this is half of all heart failure and that's a big number, and even a subgroup that might represent one-quarter of half of all heart failure is still a big number, and so none of this is ever going to be like an orphan disease suddenly where we're dealing with a very small group of people. Dr. David Kass: But even if it was, it would still be a major step forward, but it's not going to be that. I think what you're going to hopefully come up with, with a signature that can be targeted and with the therapy that's effective on the basis of that, is going to, I think, help a large population. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, listeners, we want to thank Dr. David Kass and Dr. Kavita Sharma, both from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland for bringing us this new information related to RNA sequencing to really help better phenotype patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, so that in the future, we may have therapies that can help this patient population. Dr. Greg Hundley: This program is copyright of the American Heart Association, 2021.  

FDA 批准PARP抑制剂用于治疗前列腺癌LANCET 根治性前列腺切除术后放疗的时机Nature Biochemical Engineering 口服微生物鸡尾酒疗法用于去除肾衰竭时产生的含氮代谢物奥拉帕尼（Olaparib）奥拉帕尼（Olaparib）是一种聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂，也作用于BRCA1或BRCA2突变，之前主要用于卵巢癌、乳腺癌和胰腺癌的治疗，2020年5月被FDA批准用于治疗HRR基因突变的、去势治疗抵抗的前列腺癌。《PROfound研究：奥拉帕尼治疗转移性抗去势前列腺癌的3期临床研究》New England Journal of Medicine，2020年5月 (1)这项随机、开放标签的3期试验中，评估PARP抑制剂奥拉帕尼在去势治疗抵抗的、转移性前列腺癌患者中的疗效和安全性。队列A的245例患者存在BRCA1、BRCA2或ATM基因突变；队列B的142例患者在其他的12个预先确定的基因中存在突变。患者被随机分配至奥拉帕尼组，或对照组（接受恩扎鲁胺或阿比特龙治疗）。队列A中，奥拉帕尼组基于影像学的无进展生存期明显长于对照组（7.4个月 vs 3.6个月，P < 0.001），中位总生存期分别为18.5个月和15.1个月，在客观缓解率和疼痛程度方面奥拉帕尼组也观察到显著的益处。综合A组和B组的患者数据，奥拉帕尼组基于影像学的整体无进展生存显著优于对照组。奥拉帕尼组，贫血和恶心是主要的不良反应。结论：去势治疗抵抗的、转移性前列腺癌患者中，奥拉帕尼能显著延长无进展生存期。《PROfound研究的总体生存期分析：奥拉帕尼治疗转移性抗去势前列腺癌的生存率》New England Journal of Medicine，2020年9月 (2)PROfound研究中，奥拉帕尼组和对照组的、队列A的中位总体生存期分别为19.1个月和14.7个月（风险比 0.69，P = 0.02）；队列B的中位总生存期分别为14.1个月和11.5个月；综合队列A和队列B，中位总生存期分别为17.3个月和14.0个月。队列A中，奥拉帕尼的死亡风险比为0.42，队列B的死亡风险比为0.83，全部患者的死亡风险比为0.55。结论：去势治疗抵抗的、转移性前列腺癌患者中，奥拉帕尼显著延长总体生存时间。慢性肾脏病患者中SGLT2抑制剂的使用钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂可以抑制近端小管对葡萄糖的重吸收，可以减重、改善血糖控制，但目前达格列净和卡格列净有急性肾损伤的报导，也有报导称SGLT2可能增加酮症酸中毒的风险。因此，目前FDA不推荐在eGFR

FDA 批准PARP抑制剂用于治疗前列腺癌LANCET 根治性前列腺切除术后放疗的时机Nature Biochemical Engineering 口服微生物鸡尾酒疗法用于去除肾衰竭时产生的含氮代谢物奥拉帕尼（Olaparib）奥拉帕尼（Olaparib）是一种聚ADP核糖聚合酶（PARP）抑制剂，也作用于BRCA1或BRCA2突变，之前主要用于卵巢癌、乳腺癌和胰腺癌的治疗，2020年5月被FDA批准用于治疗HRR基因突变的、去势治疗抵抗的前列腺癌。《PROfound研究：奥拉帕尼治疗转移性抗去势前列腺癌的3期临床研究》New England Journal of Medicine，2020年5月 (1)这项随机、开放标签的3期试验中，评估PARP抑制剂奥拉帕尼在去势治疗抵抗的、转移性前列腺癌患者中的疗效和安全性。队列A的245例患者存在BRCA1、BRCA2或ATM基因突变；队列B的142例患者在其他的12个预先确定的基因中存在突变。患者被随机分配至奥拉帕尼组，或对照组（接受恩扎鲁胺或阿比特龙治疗）。队列A中，奥拉帕尼组基于影像学的无进展生存期明显长于对照组（7.4个月 vs 3.6个月，P < 0.001），中位总生存期分别为18.5个月和15.1个月，在客观缓解率和疼痛程度方面奥拉帕尼组也观察到显著的益处。综合A组和B组的患者数据，奥拉帕尼组基于影像学的整体无进展生存显著优于对照组。奥拉帕尼组，贫血和恶心是主要的不良反应。结论：去势治疗抵抗的、转移性前列腺癌患者中，奥拉帕尼能显著延长无进展生存期。《PROfound研究的总体生存期分析：奥拉帕尼治疗转移性抗去势前列腺癌的生存率》New England Journal of Medicine，2020年9月 (2)PROfound研究中，奥拉帕尼组和对照组的、队列A的中位总体生存期分别为19.1个月和14.7个月（风险比 0.69，P = 0.02）；队列B的中位总生存期分别为14.1个月和11.5个月；综合队列A和队列B，中位总生存期分别为17.3个月和14.0个月。队列A中，奥拉帕尼的死亡风险比为0.42，队列B的死亡风险比为0.83，全部患者的死亡风险比为0.55。结论：去势治疗抵抗的、转移性前列腺癌患者中，奥拉帕尼显著延长总体生存时间。慢性肾脏病患者中SGLT2抑制剂的使用钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂可以抑制近端小管对葡萄糖的重吸收，可以减重、改善血糖控制，但目前达格列净和卡格列净有急性肾损伤的报导，也有报导称SGLT2可能增加酮症酸中毒的风险。因此，目前FDA不推荐在eGFR

V ďalšej epizóde Pravidelnej dávky si s Mirom povieme niečo o strojovom učení, jeho výhodách a o jeho využití v medicíne. Je to prvá zo série zameranej na strojové učenie a umelú inteligenciu v medicíne.----more---- Referencie:[1] Ching, T., Himmelstein, D. S., Beaulieu-Jones, B. K., Kalinin, A. A., Do, B. T., Way, G. P., … Greene, C. S. (2018). Opportunities and obstacles for deep learning in biology and medicine. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 15(141). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0387[2] Komorowski, M., Celi, L. A., Badawi, O., Gordon, A. C., & Faisal, A. A. (2018). The Artificial Intelligence Clinician learns optimal treatment strategies for sepsis in intensive care. Nature Medicine, 24(11), 1716–1720. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0213-5[3] Rigby, M. J. (2019, February 1). Ethical dimensions of using artificial intelligence in health care. AMA Journal of Ethics. American Medical Association. https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2019.121[4] Yu, K. H., & Kohane, I. S. (2019, March 1). Framing the challenges of artificial intelligence in medicine. BMJ Quality and Safety. BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008551[5] Poplin, R., Varadarajan, A. V., Blumer, K., Liu, Y., McConnell, M. V., Corrado, G. S., … Webster, D. R. (2018). Prediction of cardiovascular risk factors from retinal fundus photographs via deep learning. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2(3), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-018-0195-0[6] Day, N., Hemmaplardh, A., Thurman, R. E., Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A., & Noble, W. S. (2007). Unsupervised segmentation of continuous genomic data. Bioinformatics, 23(11), 1424–1426. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm096***Dobré veci potrebujú svoj čas. Pomohla ti táto dávka zamyslieť sa nad niečím zmysluplným? Podpor tvoj obľúbený podcast sumou 1€, 5€ alebo 10€ (trvalý príkaz je topka!) na SK1283605207004206791985. Ďakujeme! Viac info o podpore na pravidelnadavka.sk/#chcem-podporit

In today's episode, KGI Dean of Research Larry Grill talks with Assistant Professor Kiana Aran. Researchers have found multiple applications for the CRISPR gene editing technology since it came into use by the scientific community. Aran is the first to combine the power of CRISPR’s nucleic acid targeting with the ultra sensitivity of graphene, making it possible to digitally detect DNA without amplification. Aran led the multi-university research team responsible for the work described in the paper “CRISPR-Chip: A CRISPR-based Graphene-enhanced Field Effect Biosensor for Electronic Detection of Unamplified Target Genes,” which was published in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering on March 25, 2019.

This week we review 1) Psoriasis: Parisi R, Webb RT, Carr MJ, Moriarty KJ, Kleyn CE, Griffiths CEM, Ashcroft DM. Alcohol-Related Mortality in Patients With Psoriasis: A Population-Based Cohort Study. JAMA Dermatol. Published online September 15, 2017. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.3225 https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/scaly-skin/psoriasis#medication 2) Stroke Medications: Hong K, Kwon SU, Lee SH, Lee JS, Kim Y, Song T, Kim YD, Park M, Kim E, Cha J, Sung SM, Yoon B, Bang OY, Seo W, Hwang Y, Ahn SH, Kang D, Kang HG, Yu K, for the Phase 2 Exploratory Clinical Study to Assess the Effects of Xarelto (Rivaroxaban) Versus Warfarin on Ischemia, Bleeding, and Hospital Stay in Acute Cerebral Infarction Patients With Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation (Triple AXEL) Study Group. Rivaroxaban vs Warfarin Sodium in the Ultra-Early Period After Atrial Fibrillation–Related Mild Ischemic StrokeA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. Published online September 11, 2017. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.2161 3) Healthcare in Politics: Kurtzleben, Danielle. "Here's What's In Bernie Sanders' 'Medicare For All' Bill." NPR. NPR, 14 Sept. 2017. Web. 17 Sept. 2017. 4) ATOMS: Manuel Monge, Audrey Lee-Gosselin, Mikhail G. Shapiro, Azita Emami. Localization of microscale devices in vivo using addressable transmitters operated as magnetic spins. Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2017; 1 (9): 736 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0129-2 http://www.caltech.edu/news/medicine-future-new-microchip-technology-could-be-used-track-smart-pills-79601 Welcome to TalkingMed, the podcast where we discuss current medical news. Contact: talkingmedpodcast@gmail.com Twitter: @TalkingMedPod Song credit: Night Owl by Broke For Free from the Free Music Archive, used under CCBY Attribution License, modified from the original. Disclaimer: The information presented on this podcast are our own personal views, opinions, and research on the subject matter and do not represent those of our institution or our department. Anything discussed on this podcast should not be considered medical advice. Please contact a professional if you have any medical concerns. All content found on TalkingMed, including text, images, audio, or other formats were created for informational purposes only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have learned it from TalkingMed. Under no circumstances shall Vivek, Stephen, TalkingMed, any guests or contributors to the podcast or blog, or any employees, associates, or affiliates of TalkingMed be responsible for damages arising from use of the podcast or blog. This podcast or blog should not be used in any legal capacity whatsoever, including but not limited to establishing “standard of care” in a legal sense or as a basis for expert witness testimony. No guarantee is given regarding the accuracy of any statements or opinions made on the podcast or blog. You hereby acknowledge that nothing contained on TalkingMed shall constitute financial, investment, legal and/or other professional advice and that no professional relationship of any kind is created between you and the TalkingMed. You hereby agree that you shall not make any financial, investment, legal and/or other decision based in whole or in part on anything contained on TalkingMed. Nothing on TalkingMed or included as a part of TalkingMed should be construed as an attempt to offer or render a medical opinion or otherwise engage in the practice of medicine. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor, go to the emergency department, or call 911 immediately.  The content may contain health- or medical-related materials or discussions regarding sexually explicit disease states. If you find these materials offensive, you may not want to use this content.

A tiny sensor capable of transmitting information from inside the body and powered by stomach acid has been unveiled by US scientists. The device was tested in a pig over the course of a week wirelessly transmitting its body temperature every twelve seconds to an external receiver. The MIT and Harvard-based team behind the work, which was published this week in Nature Biomedical Engineering, say this represents a step towards safer, cheaper ingestible sensors that could even be used to dispense drugs inside the body. Dr Giovanni Traverso of the Brigham and Women's Hospital at Harvard Medical... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

A tiny sensor capable of transmitting information from inside the body and powered by stomach acid has been unveiled by US scientists. The device was tested in a pig over the course of a week wirelessly transmitting its body temperature every twelve seconds to an external receiver. The MIT and Harvard-based team behind the work, which was published this week in Nature Biomedical Engineering, say this represents a step towards safer, cheaper ingestible sensors that could even be used to dispense drugs inside the body. Dr Giovanni Traverso of the Brigham and Women's Hospital at Harvard Medical... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists