Podcasts about Pediatric ophthalmology

Quem nunca atendeu um paciente com nistagmo no consultório? Nistagmo pode estar associado a estrabismo, posição compensatória de cabeça ou até à piora da acuidade visual devido à intensidade das oscilações.Neste Journal Club, recebemos a Dra. Tereza Cristina Nogueira de Lassus para discutir seu artigo publicado no Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus em 2024: “Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Horizontal Nystagmus: Effect on the Frequency of the Oscillation on a Pediatric Population”.Vamos juntos?

Um episódio pra lá de especial!Nesse Journal club discutimos o artigo  Superior oblique split tendon elongation for Brown's syndrome: Long-term outcomes, publicado no European Journal of Ophthalmology.Recebemos mais uma vez o Dr Yair Morad, professor na Tel Aviv University e membro do comitê científico da World Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (WSPOS).Vamos juntos?Acesse o artigo no link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33685221/

Um episódio pra lá de especial!Nesse Journal club discutimos o artigo The Routine Use of Nonabsorbable Sutures in Bilateral Horizontal Rectus Recession, publicado recentemente na Ophthalmology.Recebemos para esse bate-papo o Dr Yair Morad, professor na Tel Aviv University e membro do comitê científico da World Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (WSPOS).Vamos juntos?Acesse o artigo no link: https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(23)00712-1/fulltext

Event Objectives:Determine referral criteria in visually significant ocular conditionsDiscuss treatment options for various types of conjunctivitisClaim CME Here!

Dr. Christopher Kelly, Leader in Medical Informatics and Pediatric Ophthalmology, shares insights on enhancing provider experiences through data and technology at MultiCare Health System. He emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating AI tools in healthcare, highlighting the need to balance innovation with practical implementation that truly supports medical professionals. Dr. Kelly explores the potential of data analytics to drive better outcomes, advocating for a thoughtful approach to AI that prioritizes provider support and patient care quality.

Dr. Christopher Kelly, Leader in Medical Informatics and Pediatric Ophthalmology, shares insights on enhancing provider experiences through data and technology at MultiCare Health System. He emphasizes the importance of critically evaluating AI tools in healthcare, highlighting the need to balance innovation with practical implementation that truly supports medical professionals. Dr. Kelly explores the potential of data analytics to drive better outcomes, advocating for a thoughtful approach to AI that prioritizes provider support and patient care quality.

Did you know that vision problems in children often go unnoticed until it's too late, potentially leading to irreversible vision loss? Dr. Steven Brooks, professor, and distinguished chair in ophthalmology at the Medical College of Georgia joins MCG students Emily Austin and Arjun Bhatt to uncover the hidden dangers of the 4 most common pediatric eye emergencies. Review four basic pediatric eye emergencies: amblyopia, strabismus, leukocoria, red eye emergencies Discuss causes, symptoms, treatment options, and the vital role pediatricians play in early detection and management. Review common case presentations of the emergent eye conditions in children Highlight the vital role pediatricians play in early detection and management. CME Credit (requires free sign up): Link Coming Soon! References: 1. Dr. Brook's Presentation on Common Pediatric Eye Emergencies Brook, D. (2023). Presentation on Common Pediatric Eye Emergencies [Google Slides presentation]. Retrieved from https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zpxZZnH5NTTpSq57HUegz_mC5zGkGrhK/edit?usp=share_link&ouid=107180084657435193874&rtpof=true&sd=true   2. AAO Pediatric Eye Evaluation Preferred Practice Patterns (2023) American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2023). Pediatric Eye Evaluation Preferred Practice Patterns [PDF]. Retrieved from https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26source%3Dweb%26rct%3Dj%26opi%3D89978449%26url%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.aao.org%2FAssets%2F0b507d20-f419-40ac-ac7c-99b11c95f58e%2F638070751054300000%2Fpediatric-eye-evaluations-ppp-pdf%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiv7P2E1NiFAxXZ4ckDHaPhBhsQFnoECBIQAQ%26usg%3DAOvVaw3ortok8vheUdG_OypWrm4N&data=05%7C02%7CARJBHATT%40augusta.edu%7C2d7137e07d264c7c962708dc6b0c56cb%7C8783ac6bd05b4292b483e65f1fdfee91%7C0%7C0%7C638502947937678385%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=IWSuIMyXuRbmeSh8riz7hbKZaSWRQLkcClHDexm7n58%3D&reserved=0   3. AAO Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern (2024) American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2024). Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern. Retrieved from https://www.aao.org/education/preferred-practice-pattern/amblyopia-ppp-2022   4. AAPOS Guidelines for Pediatric Eye Condition (2022) American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. (2022). Guidelines for Pediatric Eye Condition. Retrieved from https://www.jaapos.org/article/S1091-8531(22)00009-X/fulltext#:~:text=Astigmatism%2520%253E3.0%2520D%2520in%2520any,Δ%2520should%2520also%2520be%2520identified. 5. AAO Stepwise Approach to Leukocoria (2016) American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2016). Stepwise Approach to Leukocoria. Retrieved from https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/stepwise-approach-to-leukocoria 6. First Aid (2023) Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas; Qiu, Connie; Chalise, Anup; and Kaparaliotis, Panagiotis. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2023. New York: McGraw Hill LLC, 2023.    

Nesse episódio recebemos novamente ela, que tem brilhado nas publicações nos últimos anos, a Dra Alyne Borges.Discutimos uma publicação recém saída do forno: Reliability of the Mendonça Strabismus Forceps in Locating the Insertion of Extraocular Rectus Muscles in Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery, publicada no Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.O artigo completo você encontra aqui: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38940312/Vamos juntos?

What are some myths and truths about screen time and how it affects our eyes? What are good practices for wearing contact lenses and glasses? How can you optimize your eye health from a young age? These questions, and so many more, are answered in today's episode.Joining us is Dr. Antonio Capone, an internationally recognized clinician, surgeon, and educator specializing in pediatric vitreoretinal diseases, complicated retinal detachment, ocular oncology, and macular disease. He shares with us how he works with patients on a day-to-day basis and his passions in the field of ophthalmology. He touches on topics such as glaucoma, laser eye surgery, and surgical considerations. Dr. Capone is currently a partner at Associated Retinal Consultants (ARC) in Royal Oak, MI, a Professor of Ophthalmology at Oakland University William Beaumont Hospital School of Medicine, and Chief Clinical Officer for EyeCare Partners.  He is also President of the Pediatric Retinal Research Foundation, immediate past Co-President of ARC, and was the founding Chairman of EyeCare Partners' Medical Executive Board. Dr. Capone has authored or co-authored over 300 publications in peer-reviewed medical journals, book chapters, and publications from clinical trials. He is a scientific reviewer for the leading journals within ophthalmology and retina and an editorial board member of the Journal of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.  As an innovator, Dr. Capone has several co-assigned patents, has engaged in surgical instrument design and software and biopharmaceutical start-ups, and serves on several scientific advisory boards.

Dr. Nischal joined UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh as chief of the Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility in 2011. He directs pediatric program development at the UPMC Eye Center and is a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Dr. Nischal has pioneered the use of new surgical techniques, previously used only in adults, in children with corneal disorders. He is one of the world's foremost pediatric eye specialists and an author of more than 100 published research articles.

David A. Ramirez, MD, assistant professor of Pediatric Ophthalmology at Northwestern Medicine, shares his personal journey as an LGBTQ+ physician in this Better Edge episode, highlighting the need for mentorship and support. He discusses the challenges he faced during his medical training and the importance of LGBTQ+ representation in the field of ophthalmology.Dr. Ramirez also delves into the specific eye care needs and concerns of LGBTQ+ patients. He emphasizes the lack of data and research in this area, and he explores the role of physician allies in advancing diversity, equity and inclusion.

Recebemos o Dr Lucas Brandolt Farias, oftalmopediatria e especialista em estrabismo pela UNIFESP e pela UT Southwestern em Dallas e tem doutorado pela UFRGS.Em um clima muito leve e descontraído, Lucas nos mostra os resultados de seu estudo publicado no Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus sobre a dose-resposta da ressecção de retos mediais na exotropia infantil.Não perca!!Link do artigo na íntegra: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34435908/

Botox is a routine tool used in the cosmetic industry that has become increasingly popular. Is it a healthy medical procedure? What was it initially discovered for, and how has it developed over time? Dr. Eugene M. Helveston, a medical professional with many years of experience, sits down to enlighten us…   Dr. Helveston is an emeritus professor of ophthalmology, the founder of the section of Pediatric Ophthalmology, and the former Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology at Indiana University School of Medicine. In January of 2024, he released Death to Beauty: The Transformative History of Botox, a book that walks readers through the intricate history of how the world's deadliest toxin (starting as a treatment for crossed eyes) became a routine tool for the cosmetic industry. In this discussion, we cover: How botox was used during its initial treatments.  What the primary toxin in botox is, and how it interacts with human cells.  How the cosmetic applications for botox were discovered and utilized. If you are ready to rethink success, beauty, and deadly bacteria, this podcast is certainly for you. Tune in now to broaden your perspective! You can find out more about Dr. Helveston and his other work here. Take advantage of a 5% discount on Ekster accessories by using the code FINDINGGENIUS. Enhance your style and functionality with premium accessories. Visit bit.ly/3uiVX9R to explore latest collection. Episode also available on Apple Podcasts: http://apple.co/30PvU9C

How do we teach doctors in training to care for the whole person when providing medical care? How can we find joy in caring and helping those whom we serve despite the changing landscape of medicine? Join me with my life-long mentor and guest Alex V. Levin MD, Chief of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics at the Rochester University Medical Center. Learn how to live with gratitude, live with happiness, and appreciate the privilege of patient care.  The content shared on the Mind Body MD podcast is for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. The information provided must not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. As a listener, you are responsible for your own health-related decisions and must consider consulting with a healthcare professional for personalized medical advice.  Tara McCannel MD PhD is a an ocular oncologist, vitreoretinal surgeon and co-founder of Seyhart Wellness. Join me on Mind Body MD as I share with you what you need to know about holistic health and wellness. I hope you will learn, get inspired, and be motivated to empower your healing, and to live your best life.

The number of kids being diagnosed with myopia, or nearsightedness, is increasing. And if our tech habits continue, eye doctors predict that half of the world's population will have myopia by 2050. Scary. Reset talks to Dr. Lisa Thompson, an attending physician of Pediatric Ophthalmology at Cook County Medical Center, and Dr. Noreen Shaikh, an optometrist at Lurie Children's Hospital, to understand the way screen time is affecting children's eyes. Stay up to date with Reset by signing up for our daily newsletter at wbez.org/resetnews.

In this episode of Seeing Clearly, Emaan Chaudry and Danielle Solish talk to Dr. Sapna Sharan, a pediatric and adult strabismus ophthalmologist at the Western University.  She currently holds the position of Associate Professor at the Western University and was the Director of the Undergraduate Medical Education Curriculum for Ophthalmology for 9 years. She is the mentorship lead in the Department of Ophthalmology at Schulich School of Medicine, and a part of the accreditation process, and policy-subcommittee at Schulich. Dr Sharan has undergone broad training. She graduated from medical school at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry University, India.  After finishing Ophthalmology residency with the National Academy of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, she fellowship trained in Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus at the Save Sight Institute/Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney and then at the IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax. Dr. Sharan is also trained in glaucoma with fellowship training at Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto.She has a keen interest in teaching and a special research interest in Pediatric Glaucomas. In this episode, we discuss: Dr. Sharan's unique journey to and within ophthalmology. Dr Sharan's experience training in different countries and her work now. A day in Dr Sharan's life. Dr Sharan's advice for learners. Check out our website: www.eyecurriculum.com  Follow us on Instagram: www.instagram.com/EyeCurriculum  Follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/EyeCurriculum 

Host: Charles Turck, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP Guest: Mark Pennesi, MD, PhD Approximately 165,700 people in the United States are affected by inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and treatment options for these conditions are limited. So what role does genetic testing play in the patient journey of people living with IRDs? Join Dr. Charles Turck as he dives into this topic with Dr. Mark Pennesi, Professor of Ophthalmology and an IRD specialist affiliated with the Casey Eye Institute at the Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine. ©Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2023 05/23 cp-367503v1

Host: Charles Turck, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP Guest: Mark Pennesi, MD, PhD Approximately 165,700 people in the United States are affected by inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and treatment options for these conditions are limited. So what role does genetic testing play in the patient journey of people living with IRDs? Join Dr. Charles Turck as he dives into this topic with Dr. Mark Pennesi, Professor of Ophthalmology and an IRD specialist affiliated with the Casey Eye Institute at the Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine. ©Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2023 05/23 cp-367503v1

On today's Ask Dr Jessica podcast, the guest is Dr Anya Sebring, pediatric ophthalmologist extraordinaire!   In this episode we discuss the most common questions that arise in children--we discuss the difference between an optometrist and an ophthalmologist,  normal vision development from infancy and beyond (4:52), how to protect our kids eyes (8:52),  kids & glasses & time outdoors (11:50), styes (17:54), conjunctivitis or red eyes (25:00-32:28), blocked tear ducts (32:30-38:25)  and more!Dr. Anya Trumler-Sebring was awarded her Doctorate of Medicine from the University of Nebraska Medical Center, where she subsequently completed an Internship in Internal Medicine and a Residency in Ophthalmology. She then completed a Fellowship in Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus at the University of California San Diego, followed by a second Fellowship in Pediatric Glaucoma and Anterior Segment at the Wills Eye Hospital in Philadelphia, PA.She spent 5 years practicing Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus as an Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at the Johns Hopkins Wilmer Eye Institute in Baltimore, MD.Her specialty includes the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric and adult strabismus, pediatric cataracts, pediatric glaucoma and children with ocular disease. She also practices comprehensive pediatric and adolescent eye care.She is a Board Certified Ophthalmologist and is a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology as well as the American Academy of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Dr. Trumler-Sebring has authored and co-authored numerous textbook chapters and research articles regarding pediatric cataracts, glaucoma and strabismus.To schedule a visit with her, please call 805-495-0458Or visit the website: for Miramar Eye SpecialistsGet matched with a therapist by using Better Help! Give it a try---invest in your mental health: https://betterhelp.com/askdrjessica for 10% off your first month of therapy. Thank you to Better Help for supporting the Ask Dr Jessica podcast.Dr Jessica Hochman is a board certified pediatrician, mom to three children, and she is very passionate about the health and well being of children. Most of her educational videos are targeted towards general pediatric topics and presented in an easy to understand manner. Do you have a future topic you'd like Dr Jessica Hochman to discuss? Email Dr Jessica Hochman askdrjessicamd@gmail.com. Dr Jessica Hochman is also on social media:Follow her on Instagram: @AskDrJessicaSubscribe to her YouTube channel! Ask Dr JessicaSubscribe to this podcast: Ask Dr JessicaSubscribe to her mailing list: www.askdrjessicamd.comThe information presented in Ask Dr Jessica is for general educational purposes only. She does not diagnose medical conditions or formulate treatment plans for specific individuals. If you have a concern about your child's health, be sure to call your child's health care provider.

How bad is screen time really for your kids? Andd, how much screen time should they have?   As a pediatric ophthalmologist, this is the #1 question I get from my patients and from you all online.   In this episode, I'm diving deep into the studies of screen time and nearsightedness, the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmologists and American Academy of Pediatrics' recommendation for children's screen time and what I personally do in my house of 3 screen addicted kids.   -Dr. Rupa Learn how to prevent your child's nearsightedness from worsening each year. Start Today! JOIN THE PREVENTING NEARSIGHTEDNESS IN KIDS program and save 25% and get 5 hours CME: https://Www.drrupawong.com/preventing-nearsightedness    **FREE DOWNLOAD** Fillable Family Media Plan. Get it here: https://courses.drrupawong.com/screen-time      

In this episode of Seeing Clearly, Emaan Chaudry and Danielle Solish talk to Dr. Carlos Solarte. Dr. Carlos Eduardo Solarte finished his medical training at Universidad del Cauca, Colombia (1994). Training continued with a specialization in Ophthalmology from the Barraquer Institute in Colombia (1999). Dr. Solarte also completed a fellowship in Ocular diagnosis of the eye from Barraquer Institute and Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus from the University of Toronto (2005). Dr. Solarte also has a Master in Public Health (Epidemiology) and Fellowship in Health System Improvement from the University of Alberta. In addition, he is attending the University of Maastricht (Netherlands) for a Master in Health Professions Education. Dr. Solarte has been involved in Global Health and capacity building for over 20 years. He has been part of the Flying Eye Hospital of Orbis International, where he has been Chief Ophthalmologist, Medical Director and Director of the FEH. Dr. Solarte has participated in over 60 international FEH and country-based programs as staff or invited volunteer faculty. Dr. Solarte is the Residency Program Director for Ophthalmology at the University of Alberta in Edmonton. In this episode, we discuss: What drew Dr. Solarte to the field of ophthalmology. Dr. Solarte's specialization in pediatric ophthalmology and his day to day practice. His work with Orbis and differences he's noticed practicing ophthalmology internationally. His advice to medical students interested in Ophthalmology. Check out our website: www.eyecurriculum.com Follow us on Instagram: www.instagram.com/EyeCurriculum Follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/EyeCurriculum

Neste episódio conversamos com Dr David Granet que coordena e é um dos fundadores da WSPOS. Neste bate papo, falamos sobre como a WSPOS começou, como tem agregado oftalmologistas de todo o mundo e quais os próximos passos. Não perca, este episódio está incrível!

The Knowns & Unknowns of Myopia Management's fifth episode asks the question, "Can Optometry and Ophthalmology share Myopia Management? Speakers: Cary Herzberg, OD FIAMOC, Past President of the AAOMC and Dr. Willy Ky, MD MBA FACS. Dr. Herzberg has been in practice for more then thirty years. He completed his Bachelor of Science Degree and his Doctor of Optometry Degree from Illinois College of Optometry in 1969 and 1971. Dr. Herzberg is a leader in the field of contact lenses . A member of the advisory board of RGPLI, design consultant to C and H and co-inventor of the macrolens "elite" and "ok" contact lenses. Dr. Herzberg is a past President and founder of the American Academy of Orthokeratology and Myopia Control, current President of the International Academy of Orthokeratology and Myopia Control, orthokeratology chair of the AOA Contact Lens Section, and an advisory board member of the PRIO corporation. Dr. Ky is a board-certified physician, surgeon, and clinical instructor, who specializes in Pediatric Ophthalmology and prescribes atropine and ortho-k contact lenses. The panel discussion will cover the role of ophthalmology and optometry in offering myopia management to pediatric patients. Each panelists will share their current myopia management practices and what they think the role of their profession should be in the future. Discussion Points: What is and should be the role of optometry and ophthalmology in reducing myopia progression globally? What treatment options do you see OD's and MD's prescribing: atropine, ortho-k, and MiSight. What needs to happen in your profession to have more doctors offer myopia management treatment options to their pediatric patients? How should optometry and ophthalmology share the myopia management treatments for pediatric patients?

The Knowns & Unknowns of Myopia Management's fifth episode asks the question, "Can Optometry and Ophthalmology share Myopia Management? Speakers: Cary Herzberg, OD FIAMOC, Past President of the AAOMC and Dr. Willy Ky, MD MBA FACS. Dr. Herzberg has been in practice for more then thirty years. He completed his Bachelor of Science Degree and his Doctor of Optometry Degree from Illinois College of Optometry in 1969 and 1971. Dr. Herzberg is a leader in the field of contact lenses . A member of the advisory board of RGPLI, design consultant to C and H and co-inventor of the macrolens "elite" and "ok" contact lenses. Dr. Herzberg is a past President and founder of the American Academy of Orthokeratology and Myopia Control, current President of the International Academy of Orthokeratology and Myopia Control, orthokeratology chair of the AOA Contact Lens Section, and an advisory board member of the PRIO corporation. Dr. Ky is a board-certified physician, surgeon, and clinical instructor, who specializes in Pediatric Ophthalmology and prescribes atropine and ortho-k contact lenses. The panel discussion will cover the role of ophthalmology and optometry in offering myopia management to pediatric patients. Each panelists will share their current myopia management practices and what they think the role of their profession should be in the future. Discussion Points: What is and should be the role of optometry and ophthalmology in reducing myopia progression globally? What treatment options do you see OD's and MD's prescribing: atropine, ortho-k, and MiSight. What needs to happen in your profession to have more doctors offer myopia management treatment options to their pediatric patients? How should optometry and ophthalmology share the myopia management treatments for pediatric patients?

Host: John J. Russell, MD Guest: Joseph E. Bavaria, MD Featuring a wide range of disciplines and a new approach to comprehensive care, what do we need to know about the Aorta Center at Penn Medicine? Dr. John Russell is joined by Dr. Joseph E. Bavaria to dive into this aortic program and discuss a new approach to comprehensive care.

Host: Charles Turck, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP Guest: Kathryn Gallagher, MS, RN, BSN Guest: Kate Newcomb-DeSanto, MSN, RN, MSW What does Penn Medicine's newly-opened patient room facility have to offer? Dr. Charles Turck is joined by Penn Medicine Clinical Advisors Kathy Gallagher and Kate Newcomb-DeSanto to discuss the new pavilion and how it's revolutionizing patient care.

Host: Charles Turck, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP Guest: Sandy Marks Guest: Kim Horvath, JD Guest: Kyle Thomson, JD With telehealth services expanding during the COVID-19 pandemic, has our access to them changed? To better understand this, Dr. Charles Turck meets with Sandy Marks, Kim Horvath, and Kyle Thomson from the AMA to explore what's been done to provide Medicare coverage during a public health emergency and what's on the horizon for telehealth access.

This episode focuses on eye health, dealing with career and life pivots, along with having a positive mindset. The episode features Dr. Charlotte Akor who is a board certified pediatric ophthalmologist, certified medical auditor, and real estate investor. It's so easy to pay attention to other areas of your body and neglect your eyes. No matter your age, your eyes and your overall wellness are important. Questions this episode will answer: -What is the difference between an ophthalmologist, optometrist, and optician? -What are misaligned eyes and why do they matter? -How does real estate help build a legacy? -Can you use building healthy habits as a tool for connection? -What are some gratitude and mindset hacks? -What are some things that they don't tell you about the healthcare system? How to find Dr. Charlotte: Https://instagram.com/DrCharlotteMD Https://facebook.com/DrCharlotteMD Https://twitter.com/DrCharlotteMD Https://linkedin.com/in/DrCharlotteMD Resources: https://www.facebook.com/ChildrenSeeClearly/ https://drcharlottemd.com About Dr. Charlotte: Dr. Charlotte Akor is a Board-certified Ophthalmologist and Certified Medical Chart Auditor (CMCA-E/M). She is also fellowship trained in Pediatric Ophthalmology. She is a nationally recognized speaker and billing and coding coach. As founder and Chief Medical Officer of Dr. Charlotte- Billing, Coding, and Auditing Services she discusses real world strategies for physicians to understand billing and coding and how to prepare and survive a medical audit. She also provides auditing services for physicians and practices who want to improve their coding, charting, and stay in compliance with the government regulations.

Host: Charles Turck, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP Guest: Emily Carroll, JD, MSW The No Surprises Act aims to protect consumers from surprise medical bills. But how exactly does it go about doing that, and what's the current status of its implementation? Joining Dr. Charles Turck to share progress and challenges associated with the No Surprises Act is Ms. Emily Carroll, a senior legislative attorney for the American Medical Association's Advocacy Resource Center.

This episode covers the following topics:What an ophthalmologist is and how it's different than an optometristCommon pediatric eye conditionsWhen children start developing vision and how it evolves in the first few years of lifeThe importance of routine vision screening and identifying abnormalitiesAmblyopia (lazy eye)-diagnosis and treatmentStrabismus (eye misalignment)-diagnosis and treatmentWhat is vision therapy and is it ever recommendedCommon myths about healthy visionAbout Dr. Tehilla Steiner:Dr. Steiner is a fellowship trained pediatric ophthalmologist and adult strabismus surgeon. She specializes in the treatment of eye conditions in children.A native of New York and New Jersey, Dr. Steiner graduated from Yeshiva University, Stern College for Women. She obtained her medical degree at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She completed her internship at Abington Hospital and ophthalmology residency at Northwell Health (formerly called North Shore- Long Island Jewish), being selected as Chief Resident in her final year. Dr. Steiner then went on to Montefiore Medical Center where she completed her fellowship in pediatric ophthalmology and adult strabismus. In her spare time, she loves cooking, baking and riding her Peloton bike. 

Description: This week, we talk about the pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus sub-specialty for the medical student learner with Dr. Angeline Nguyen from the University of Southern California. Episode goals: After listening to this episode, medical students should be able to: Acquire a general understanding of the breadth of practice for the pediatric ophthalmology subspecialty Describe the pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity and when to screen newborns Describe the difference between amblyopia and strabismus and related treatment options Time stamps: 3:08 What is the connection between strabismus and pediatric ophthalmology? 4:30 Favorite aspects of pediatric ophthalmology and dispelling misconceptions 8:18 Most common reasons for patients to see a pediatric ophthalmologist 9:34 General advice and practical tips for a medical student rotating on pediatric ophthalmology 13:12 Retinopathy of prematurity introduction 17:00 The ROP exam 19:43 Treatment options for ROP 20:18 When to screen (30 weeks 1500 grams) 21:18 Amblyopia & Strabismus 25:42 Breaking down some of the jargon around gaze deviations 29:22 Clarifying misconceptions on tropias and phorias 30:50 Key parts of history for strabismus 31:38 The impact of verbal staging on examination 34:30 When to treat to prevent amblyopia 35:14 Surgical treatment options for strabismus 36:17 Botox for strabismus 38:20 The pediatric ophthalmology OR as a medical student 39:22 Final takeaways 40:30 Plug for Dr. Sudha Nallasamy at CHLA's upcoming work Links: Who Moved My Cheese - https://bookshop.org/books/who-moved-my-cheese-an-a-mazing-way-to-deal-with-change-in-your-work-and-in-your-life/9780399144462 Tim Root Website - https://timroot.com/ AAO simulators - https://www.aao.org/interactive Botox in strabismus - https://eyewiki.aao.org/Botulinum_Toxin_Use_In_Strabismus Sticker chart for kids - https://ortopadusa.com/product-category/shop/reward-posters/

Dr. Roni Levin is an academic pediatric ophthalmologist. She joins me to bust myths, talk about the training pathway, and how to become a competitive applicant.

Welcome to the 59th episode of Snippets. For this episode, we have with us Dr. Sujani Sunkesula, Pediatric Ophthalmology fellow, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai. She is going to talk about Oculocardiac Reflex. Please submit your valuable feedback at:https://forms.gle/k7LVRkuNSFgeuib78 Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/SNippets-106093427853136 & Twitter:https://twitter.com/SnippetsP for weekly updates!! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/sankara-nethralaya/message

Harald Gjerde, MD, FRCSC (St. Mary's 2006) Physician – Pediatric Ophthalmologist ​ Harald is a Canadian national who is ethnically Norwegian and Chinese, who was born and raised in Tokyo. He attended the now-closed Santa Maria International School, later transferring and graduating from St. Mary's International School as Valedictorian for the class of 2006. ​He earned an Honors degree in Microbiology and Immunology from McGill University and completed medical school at the University of Manitoba. He completed a residency in Ophthalmology at Dalhousie University, and finished a fellowship in Pediatric Ophthalmology at Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School. He was the Clinical Director of the Special Olympics Canada Opening Eyes eye-screening program for Atlantic Canada. He has worked as a professional narrator and voice actor, to authoring scientific papers, as well as being a published poet and writer. He will be moving to Vancouver this winter to work for the BC Children's Hospital as a Pediatric Ophthalmologist, and work as a Clinical Instructor at the University of British Columbia. TIMESTAMPS 1:05 - Introduction 4:45 - When did you want to become a doctor? 7:58 - How has growing up overseas affected your practice as a doctor? 14:04 - Choosing Canada or the US for school for someone who wants to go to med school 21:04 - Santa Maria and St. Marys 25:00 - What is to come

Dr. Sudha Nallasamy, Assistant Professor at Keck School of Medicine of USC and Pediatric Ophthalmologist at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, gives a detailed overview of strabismus, including why early diagnosis is critical. Dr. Nallasamy further describes her recent publication that highlights the reproducibility of clinical findings and management plans using telemedicine in a pediatric ophthalmology setting.   http://broadeye.org/nallasamy/

Dr. Sabri discusses his group's analysis of various screening criteria to detect visually significant Retinopathy of Prematurity while minimizing unnecessary retinal exams. Discussed article: Sabri K, Shivananda S, Farrokhyar F, Selvitella A, Easterbrook B Kin B, Seidlitz W, Lee SK; Canadian Neonatal Network and the Canadian Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Refining evidence-based retinopathy of prematurity screening guidelines: The SCREENROP study. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Aug 12;25(7):455-466. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz085. PMID: 33173557; PMCID: PMC7606175.

Welcome to the 49th episode of Snippets. For this episode, we have with us Dr. Debahuti Midya, Pediatric Ophthalmology fellow, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai. She is going to talk about how to tackle refractive errors in children. Please submit your valuable feedback at:https://forms.gle/k7LVRkuNSFgeuib78 Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/SNippets-106093427853136 & Twitter:https://twitter.com/SnippetsP for weekly updates!! Subscribe to our podcast on the respective platforms. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/sankara-nethralaya/message

In my tenth episode, I spoke with Dr. Faruk Örge, William R. and Margaret E. Althans Chair and Professor in Pediatric Ophthalmology, Professor of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics at Case Western Reserve University and director of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus at University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital. We talked about how COVID-19 has impacted his clinical, research, and administrative work, the accelerated use of tele-health and improving patient care going forward, current trends and issues in pediatric ophthalmology, and his path to medicine.

The first person to see a child following an eye emergency plays a critical role in preventing and treating an eye injury and subsequent visual loss. A basic, five minute eye exam can help providers determine how urgent an ocular problem is and the appropriate treatment approach. In today’s episode Emily McCourt, MD shares clinical pearls to help providers diagnose and triage a child who presents with an eye injury.  Dr. McCourt is the Chair of Pediatric Ophthalmology at Children’s Hospital Colorado and is Associate Professor of Pediatric and Adult Strabismus at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Do you have thoughts about today's episode or suggestions for a future topic? Write to us, chartingpediatrics@childrenscolorado.org 

For the 29th episode of Snippets, Dr. Sumita Agarkar, a World-renowned strabismologist, is going to share her Top 10 Pearls when starting a pediatric ophthalmology practice. Feedback form:https://forms.gle/k7LVRkuNSFgeuib78 Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/SNippets-106093427853136 - for weekly updates!! Twitter: https://twitter.com/SnippetsP Subscribe to our podcast on the respective platforms. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/sankara-nethralaya/message

Episode 28: AnisocoriaThe sun rises over the San Joaquin Valley, California, today is September 18, 2020.Welcome to our “student-only” episode. Out of all the social determinants of health, the USPSTF recommends screening for intimate partner violence and for child maltreatment[1]. Today, we would like to dedicate a few minutes to intimate partner violence (IPV) in women. Screening for IPV is a USPSTF grade B recommendation, which means you should offer this service to your patients. Women of reproductive age should be screened for IPV and receive ongoing support services, if screening is positive. There are several tools you can use to screen. For example, HARK (Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick); HITS (Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream); and WAST (Woman Abuse Screening Tool)[2].Briefly, the WAST has two questions, which can be followed by 6 additional questions (just like when you do PHQ2 and PHQ9). The first two questions are:1. In general, how would you describe your relationship? (No tension, Some tension, A lot of tension)2. Do you and your partner work out arguments with... (No difficulty, Some difficulty, Great difficulty?). It is POSITIVE if patient answers "a lot of tension" and "great difficulty", then you can continue with the rest of the questions which is part 2, until completing 8 questions in total. The screen is positive based on your clinical judgement, no positive score threshold is established. In California, health practitioners are required to report to law enforcement if they provide medical services to a patient with a physical injury due to firearm, or assaultive/abusive conduct within two working days[3]. Make sure you review your local regulations about mandatory reporting in your area.  ___________________________This is Rio Bravo qWeek, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program, from Bakersfield, California. Sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Providing compassionate and affordable care since 1971. “The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires.” ― William Arthur Ward.Did you know the word doctor comes from the Latin root docere which means teacher? I was very surprised by that etymology. So, as doctors, we are teachers. What kind of teacher do you want to be as a doctor? A teacher who tells, explains, or demonstrates? It takes a lot of practice and effort, I bet, but your patients will thank you if you become a teacher who inspires them. Today, you will listen to our medical students. This is the first episode that is 100% made by medical students. Today our doctor students become our teachers. First, let’s listen to Li Liang, then Hugh and Meredith. Anisocoria: Unequal PupilsAs a continuation on the theme of anisocoria, we will wrap up. Hopefully with something wise, but more than anything the point of this is just to stir your mind and say, “Yeah…the cobwebs are lifting.” Yes, Halloween is coming. Is it the eye? Or is it the brain? Or is it in the blood vessel? It has been said by multiple somebodies some time ago, “the eyes are the windows into the soul” or rather into the hidden chambers of what’s inside the big watermelon we have atop of our gravity defying bodies.I learn best by stories and people, so if you’ll indulge me. Think of a musician, a rather famous rock star who The Rolling Stones called “The Greatest Rock Star ever.” Maybe this clip might help. https://youtu.be/J-_30HA7rec.That was just David Bowie. I never knew this but conveniently he will highlight our topic for both anisocoria and heterochromia. As a quick reminder, heterochromia is asymmetric iris coloration, when hereditary, is a phenotypic expression of 2 different iris variegation. When someone young presents with heterochromia it can be associated with congenital syndromes, but in the case of David Bowie[4], it was acquired from injury. This also clues us into his story about anisocoria, which he was not born with. In fact, it was over a love for a girl when he was an invincible teenager. Turns out most love stories have a villain, and his happened to be his best friend at the time, who also loved the same girl. What’s two teenage boys filled with testosterone to do about this? Dueling in a “fight of passion,” Bowie was sucker punched in his left eye, added a fingernail scratch, and even after surgery and prompt care, he “wears the badge of love on his eye.” His abnormal pupil is the big pupil! So, it isn’t the small one as you may think. What is anisocoria?  Unequal pupil size, specifically by at least 0.4mm. The difficulty is determining what caused it. Therefore, the goal in primary care is to quickly identify the emergent/urgent causes from the ones that have time to do further workup. Anisocoria doesn’t really sound benign when educating a patient about this. But in fact, physiologic anisocoria happens often. Some people may even have anisocoria daily. Prevalence is in the range of 15 – 30% for the general population. How do you test and tell which one is abnormal if it’s not always the small one? Normal pupillary reflex: symmetric pupils in both light and dark. Abnormal pupillary reflex: If a small pupil fails to dilate in the dark, it is abnormal, which means the sympathetic nervous system is affected. If a large pupil does not constrict in response to light, then the parasympathetic nervous system is affected.   Look at the pupils in 4 steps to identify the abnormal pupil.-1st when greeting and interviewing your patient in ambient light-2nd during your physical exam via a light source for direct and consensual with the Light Reflex-3rd followed up with the Near Reflex-4th as well as confirmatory, turn off the lights and observe for abnormal constriction or dilation in your suspected eye. When is anisocoria something to worry about?  Anisocoria may actually be physiologic and most commonly benign, but when it happens suddenly or without apparent reason, this is when we worry it may be life threatening. Patient factors will help the most to sort this out. When evaluating someone for the first time, and you’re doing their cranial nerve exam, You notice pupil asymmetry! But now what? Well, first ask the patient. As William Osler has once said, “Listen to your patient; he is telling you the diagnosis.” It’s very important to do medication reconciliation at each visit since some medications can induce anisocoria. COPD or asthma medications can potentially trigger anisocoria.  Horner’s syndrome is unilateral ptosis, anhidrosis - the inability to sweat, and mydriasis. This is a syndrome from many etiologies, so Horner’s syndrome itself is not the main cause and needs immediate workup. Comprehensive evaluation requires appropriate tools and best left to specialists who are well trained in the field, mostly neurologists. However, it is very important that we recognize the signs and symptoms of anisocoria so as to make proper referrals or guidance towards the emergency department when seeing a new patient for the first time.    When do you send a patient the ED? Acute Horner’s Syndrome as we’ve briefly mentioned before. It is a herald of something bad happening, has happened, or bound to happen…either way, you don’t want to be the last evaluating this patient and send the patient home. The most worrisome outcome is a carotid dissection, and one would hope there have been many others who have evaluated this patient before you see this as their primary provider. Something else patients would not immediately complain about is something insidious with a slow compression that gives vision loss on CN III. Remember the peripheral nervous system travels on CN III to get to the eye. There would be like a mass effect caused by an aneurysm or tumor or distant metastases. Why is that knowledge important for you and your patients? You can detect conditions that need further evaluation in the ER, Neurology or by Ophthalmology. Consider a Neurology consult if not acute Horner’s Syndrome or Third Nerve Palsy or Tonic (Adie’s) Pupil. Consider an Ophthalmology consult if ocular trauma or mechanical causes being mechanical need workup or further pharmacological eye tests. Send to ED if you suspect stroke. Where did that knowledge come from?  The main source was UpToDate, but from the perspective of a Family Medicine Practitioner, this was via the AAFP website. From the internal medicine standpoint, this was via Harrison’s or DynaMed, which is a branch from the American College of Physicians. Either approach assesses the patient before reaching the common pathway of consulting a specialist, most commonly a neurologist and/or ophthalmologist. As always, sources are attached for reference to take a look into anything deeper or for more information. What happened to Davie Bowie’s girl and his bestie? It turns out she changed enemies into lifelong friends as well as artistic collaboration with George Underwood for those Davie Bowie fans out there.____________________________Speaking Medical: Presbyopia  by Hugh Alley, MS4Presbyopia refers to age-related changes in accommodation, which is your eyes ability to adjust to seeing objects at different distances. In other words, this condition leads many people to use reading glasses. The word presbyopia, sounds like many other words in ophthalmology. It has, as a root, “opia”, the Greek word for eye. The prefix, “presby” is Greek for “old man”. So, if an ophthalmologist tells you that you have presbyopia, he’s calling you an old man!The pathophysiology involves changes to the flexibility of the lens. To see objects nearby, the lens must be relaxed and rounded. As we age, the crystalline lens becomes less flexible. So, when the ciliary muscles relax, the lens stays in an oval shape, affecting the focal length of the eye and our ability to see objects clearly.Fun fact: the age-related changes are predictable and the most clinically significant changes begin after age forty. In the United Kingdom, reading glasses are called “44’s”, the age most people begin wearing them.This week, don’t forget the medical word presbyopia.____________________________Espanish Por Favor: Ojoby Meredith Bell, MS4This is your section Espanish Por Favor. Today's Spanish word is "ojo" (spelled O-J-O) which in English means "eye." The human “ojo” reacts to light and allows us to see. The “ojo” can differentiate between ten million colors, and as a whole, the eye is the fastest reacting muscle in the body. Because vision is so essential for the lives of many of us, your patients will come to clinic frequently for eye complaints. For example, a common complaint may be “Tengo el ojo rojo”, which means “my eye is red.” Having a red “ojo” can be a sign of an eye condition, but also may be a red flag of a systemic disease. You can continue learning about the ojo, but for now just remember the Spanish work of the week, ojo.________________________Now we conclude our episode number 28 “Anisocoria”. If you are curious, go online and look at a picture of David Bowie and be reminded of anisocoria (unequal pupils). Anisocoria has a long list of differentials, including physiologic, traumatic or other neurologic and eye disorders. Presbyopia is a normal result of aging eyes that results in decreased accommodation of the lens of the eye. Presbyopia can happen as early as 40 years old. And to close this episode, we learned the word ojo (pronounced O-HO), which is Spanish for eye. For sure, the eye is a fascinating organ, and our medical students did a great job today. Good luck in your future careers!Thanks for listening to Rio Bravo qWeek. If you have any feedback about this podcast, contact us by email RBresidency@clinicasierravista.org, or visit our website riobravofmrp.org/qweek. This podcast was created with educational purposes only. Visit your primary care physician for additional medical advice. This week we thank Hector Arreaza, Viraj Reddy, Allison Abad, Li Liang, Hugh Alley, and Meredith Bell. Audio edition: Suraj Amrutia. See you next week! _____________________References:Krist, Alex H, MD, MPH, et al., “What Evidence Do We Need Before Recommending Routine Screening for Social Determinants of Health?” Am Fam Physician. 2019 May 15;99(10):602-605. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0515/p602.htmlWAST, pdf document, Woman Abuse in the Perinatal Period, Province of Ontario, Ontario Women's Directorate,  http://womanabuse.webcanvas.ca/documents/wast.pdfEVAWI, End Violence Against Women International, evawi.org, Mandatory Reporting of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Statutes, pdf file, http://www.evawintl.org/images/uploads/NDAA_Mandatory%20Reporting%20Compilation_2010.pdfBasu, T. (2016, January 12th). The Story Behind David Bowie's Unusual Eyes. Retrieved from The Cut from the New York Magazine: https://www.thecut.com/2016/01/story-behind-david-bowies-unusual-eyes.htmlAmerican Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabimus. (2020, August 30). Anisocoria and Horner's Syndrome. Retrieved from American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabimus: https://aapos.org/glossary/anisocoria-and-horners-syndromeHorton MD, J. C. (2015). Disorders of the Eye. In D. L. Kasper MD, A. S. Fauci MD, S. L. Hauser MD, D. L. Longo MD, P. J. Jameson MD, & P. J. Loscalzo MD, Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (pp. 195 - 211). New York: McGraw Hill.Sachin Kedar, M., Valerie Biousse, M., & Nancy J Newman, M. (2020, August 30). Approach to the patient with anisocoria. Retrieved from UpToDate: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-patient-with-anisocoria?search=anisocoria&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~39&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

Welcome to EyePod Bayer! Today we have the honor to welcome Ann Hellström, Professor in Pediatric Ophthalmology at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. She will share with us her experiences and expertise as a clinician and researcher in Retinopathy of Prematurity also known as ROP.   Did you like this interview? Looking forward to hear your thoughts! eyepod@bayer.com   MA-EYL-DK-0135

Welcome to EyePod Bayer! Today we have the honor to welcome Ann Hellström, Professor in Pediatric Ophthalmology at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. She will share with us her experiences and expertise as a clinician and researcher in Retinopathy of Prematurity also known as ROP.   Did you like this interview? Looking forward to hear your thoughts! eyepod@bayer.com   MA-EYL-DK-0134

Welcome to EyePod Bayer! Today we have the honor to welcome Ann Hellström, Professor in Pediatric Ophthalmology at the Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. She will share with us her experiences and expertise as a clinician and researcher in Retinopathy of Prematurity also known as ROP.   Did you like this interview? Looking forward to hear your thoughts! eyepod@bayer.com MA-EYL-DK-0133

Recorded May 9, 2020.Dr. O’Connell meets with Dr. Daniel Neely to discuss his work with Orbis and how technology has become increasingly important and utilized in medicine for teaching and clinical work.Questions from this episode include:Since 2003, you have worked with Orbis International as a Volunteer Faculty Physician. I understand that Orbis International also operates the world’s only Flying Eye Hospital. Can you tell us a bit about this organization, the work they do, and this mobile teaching facility?In addition to your clinical and surgical practice in Indiana, you do a lot of online work including live video consultations with doctors around the world, including a partner in Syria. Can you tell us more about this, particularly your work with Cybersight?How have you seen the intersection of healthcare and technology change with the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in your work with Cybersight?Your host is Dr. Ted O’Connell, family physician, educator, and author of numerous textbooks and peer-reviewed articles. He holds academic appointments at UCSF, UC Davis, and Drexel University's medical schools and also founded the Kaiser Permanente Napa-Solano Community Medicine and Global Health Fellowship, the first program in the U.S. to formally combine both community medicine and global health. Follow Ted on Instagram (@tedoconnellmd) and Twitter (@tedoconnell)! Dr. Daniel Neely is Senior Medical Advisor, Technology, for Orbis International, a global nonprofit transforming lives through the prevention and treatment of avoidable blindness, and Professor of Ophthalmology at Indiana University. In his work with Orbis, Dr. Neely helps to direct the organization’s award-winning telemedicine platform, Cybersight, and also teaches extensively in developing countries worldwide. Having practiced full-time Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus since 1998, he has been named a "Top Doc" by the Indianapolis Monthly on multiple occasions, and received the American Academy of Ophthalmology Achievement Award in 2015 for his many achievements and contributions to the world of ophthalmology. Keep up with Dan on Facebook: danieleneely and Instagram: @deneely13.Links for This Episode:www.midwesteye.comwww.orbis.org El Camino Realhttp://elcaminonoblesville.com Submit Your Questions for the PodcastSend an email to info@arslonga.media or check out covidpodcast.comWhat Can You Do? You can help spread commonsense about COVID-19 by supporting this podcast. Hit subscribe, leave a positive review, and share it with your friends especially on social media. We can each do our part to ensure that scientifically accurate information about the pandemic spreads faster than rumors or fears. Remember to be vigilant, but remain calm. For the most trusted and real time information on COVID-19 and the coronavirus pandemic, both the CDC and WHO have dedicated web pages to keep the public informed. The information presented in this podcast is intended for educational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Producers: Madison Linden and Christopher Breitigan. Executive Producer: Patrick C. Beeman, MD

Cleveland Clinic’s Dr. Elias Traboulsi dives deep into the evolution of genetic testing technology and what it means for people with inherited vision loss. Dr. Traboulsi is Head of the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Director of the Center for Genetic Eye Diseases at Cleveland Clinic’s Cole Eye Institute.

Dr. Aguilera has spent the past 30 years practicing Pediatric Ophthalmology within the hospital system from Cuba to the U.S. She is now embarking on the American Dream of launching her own family Ophthalmology practice in Miami. In this interview she shares her story, how parents can help protect their children's eyesight and how she made the decision to launch her own practice.

Get a free audiobook along with a free 30-day Audible trial membership at www.audibletrial.com/TUMS Dr. Tamar Shafran Dr. Shafran is an attending general and pediatric ophthalmologist in Cleveland, OH. Dr. Shafran received her medical degree from the Sackler School of Medicine in 2010; completed residency training in Ophthalmology at University Hospitals of Cleveland/Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 2014, followed by a fellowship in Pediatric Ophthalmology at Rainbow Babies & Children’s (also here at Case Western) in 2015. Dr. Shafran now practices both general and Pediatric Ophthalmology. She is also a diplomate of the American Board of Ophthalmology and a published author in medical literature with a strong background in teaching. She is married to a pediatrician, Dr. David Shafran, Dean of the Physician Assistant Program at Case Western, and resides in the Cleveland area with her children. Please enjoy with Dr. Tamar Shafran!

Dr. Nischal joined UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh as chief of the Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Adult Motility in 2011. He directs pediatric program development at the UPMC Eye Center and is a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Dr. Nischal has pioneered the use of new surgical techniques, previously used only in adults, in children with corneal disorders. He is one of the world’s foremost pediatric eye specialists and an author of more than 100 published research articles.

What is something that is tough to learn and every doctor should know it better than they do?  Aside from Kreb’s Cycle.  Billing and coding!  Dr. Charlotte Akor is a nationally recognized speaker and physician coach on billing and coding.  In this interview, we discuss the necessary history, physical and medical decision making in order to bill and code appropriately and then get into the weeds about proper coding of medical decision making.  She uses examples to help explain medical decision making with diagnoses of varying complexity.   We then get into the time-based codes and how to appropriately document for this.  We end with the common modifiers and some newer codes that are frequently missed in the primary care setting.  Dr. Akor completed her undergraduate education at Yale, attended medical school at West Virginia University, and completed her ophthalmology residency at SUNY Buffalo.  She then completed TWO fellowships, one in ophthalmologic pathology at Emory and one in pediatric ophthalmology at Children’s Health Care of Atlanta Hospital.  She is the former head of the Pediatric Ophthalmology on the faculty of The University of Texas at Houston Health Sciences Center and is now in a hospital-based practice in Abilene, Texas.  She is the Amazon best-selling author of Medical Coding Decoded and can be found at CharlotteAkorMD.com.   Find this and all episodes on your favorite podcast platform at PhysiciansGuidetoDoctoring.com Please be sure to leave a five star review, a nice comment and SHARE!!!

Host: Jennifer Caudle, DO Guest: Jean Bennett, MD, PhD Guest: Albert Maguire, MD Power couple Drs. Jean Bennett and Albert Maguire discuss how their new therapy for the RPE65 gene, which causes retinal blindness, was recently approved by the FDA to become the first gene therapy treatment for a genetic disease in the United States and the first worldwide treatment for inherited blindness. Not only do they delve into the mechanics of the corrected gene injection, but they also explain what this milestone means for patient eligibility and how their marriage has played a role in the success of their research partnership. Dr. Jean Bennett is the F.M. Kirby Professor of Ophthalmology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Albert Maguire is a Professor of Ophthalmology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Attending Physician in the Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

Host: Jennifer Caudle, DO Guest: Jean Bennett, MD, PhD Guest: Albert Maguire, MD Power couple Drs. Jean Bennett and Albert Maguire discuss how their new therapy for the RPE65 gene, which causes retinal blindness, was recently approved by the FDA to become the first gene therapy treatment for a genetic disease in the United States and the first worldwide treatment for inherited blindness. Not only do they delve into the mechanics of the corrected gene injection, but they also explain what this milestone means for patient eligibility and how their marriage has played a role in the success of their research partnership. Dr. Jean Bennett is the F.M. Kirby Professor of Ophthalmology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Albert Maguire is a Professor of Ophthalmology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Attending Physician in the Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Host: Jennifer Caudle, DO Guest: Jean Bennett, MD, PhD Guest: Albert Maguire, MD Power couple Drs. Jean Bennett and Albert Maguire discuss how their new therapy for the RPE65 gene, which causes retinal blindness, was recently approved by the FDA to become the first gene therapy treatment for a genetic disease in the United States and the first worldwide treatment for inherited blindness. Not only do they delve into the mechanics of the corrected gene injection, but they also explain what this milestone means for patient eligibility and how their marriage has played a role in the success of their research partnership. Dr. Jean Bennett is the F.M. Kirby Professor of Ophthalmology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Albert Maguire is a Professor of Ophthalmology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Attending Physician in the Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

Host: Jennifer Caudle, DO Guest: Jean Bennett, MD, PhD Guest: Albert Maguire, MD Power couple Drs. Jean Bennett and Albert Maguire discuss how their new therapy for the RPE65 gene, which causes retinal blindness, was recently approved by the FDA to become the first gene therapy treatment for a genetic disease in the United States and the first worldwide treatment for inherited blindness. Not only do they delve into the mechanics of the corrected gene injection, but they also explain what this milestone means for patient eligibility and how their marriage has played a role in the success of their research partnership. Dr. Jean Bennett is the F.M. Kirby Professor of Ophthalmology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and Dr. Albert Maguire is a Professor of Ophthalmology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Attending Physician in the Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

Dr. Nischal joined us again on the podcast, this time to talk about the corneal cross-linking procedure being done for keratoconus.

Dr. Ken Nischal joins us on the podcast today to discuss general eye/vision care issues in Down syndrome.

Help Ian interview all *190+* specialties! www.undifferentiatedmedicalstudent.com/suggestions TUMS Email template to facilitate reaching out to guests! Become a TUMS patron! Show notes for this episode can be found here.  Dr. Michael Abrams Dr. Abrams is a pediatric ophthalmologist currently on sabbatical to work as CEO of FreeLinc Technologies (www.freelinc.com) in Sherborn, Massachusetts. Dr. Abrams completed his undergraduate degree at Haverford College; his medical degree at a combined program at Dartmouth and Brown Medical Schools; an ophthalmology residency at State University of New York at Buffalo; and then a fellowship in pediatric ophthalmology at Children’s Hospital of Detroit. Over his career, Dr. Abrams has served as a General Medical Officer and Battalion Surgeon in the U.S. Army, spent 16 years in private practice as a pediatric ophthalmologist, and regularly published his research in peer review journals during this time.  He is a volunteer faculty member for ORBIS international, and has a specific interest in Connected Health and in establishing distributive educational hierarchies in evolving medical systems. He has served on numerous boards, including the Children’s Eye Foundation (www.childrenseyefoundation.org), and the Utah Medical Insurance Association (www.umia.com), where he helped to guide a $150 million merger and acquisition.  In 2013, Dr. Abrams took a sabbatical from clinical medicine to take the top job at FreeLinc, a research and development company focused on the adoption of Near Field Magnetic Induction (NFMI) as a new wireless communication standard to be used with their proprietary wireless body area network technology that hopes to revolutionize Connected Health. Please enjoy with Dr. Michael Abrams!

Host: Paul Rokuskie Autism Spectrum Disorder affects communication skills as well as emotional & social development. Researchers have been studying the brain for decades to better understand how these developmental differences manifest as autism. Recent studies that measure rapid eye movement (REM) have been showing great promise in elucidating the origins and mechanisms of disease. Host Paul Rokusie sits down with Dr. John Foxe to talk about his study on rapid eye movement, its implications on disease pathogenesis, and new insights it can bring to future autism research.

Host: Paul Rokuskie Autism Spectrum Disorder affects communication skills as well as emotional & social development. Researchers have been studying the brain for decades to better understand how these developmental differences manifest as autism. Recent studies that measure rapid eye movement (REM) have been showing great promise in elucidating the origins and mechanisms of disease. Host Paul Rokusie sits down with Dr. John Foxe to talk about his study on rapid eye movement, its implications on disease pathogenesis, and new insights it can bring to future autism research.

Host: Paul Rokuskie Autism Spectrum Disorder affects communication skills as well as emotional & social development. Researchers have been studying the brain for decades to better understand how these developmental differences manifest as autism. Recent studies that measure rapid eye movement (REM) have been showing great promise in elucidating the origins and mechanisms of disease. Host Paul Rokusie sits down with Dr. John Foxe to talk about his study on rapid eye movement, its implications on disease pathogenesis, and new insights it can bring to future autism research.

Host: Paul Rokuskie Autism Spectrum Disorder affects communication skills as well as emotional & social development. Researchers have been studying the brain for decades to better understand how these developmental differences manifest as autism. Recent studies that measure rapid eye movement (REM) have been showing great promise in elucidating the origins and mechanisms of disease. Host Paul Rokusie sits down with Dr. John Foxe to talk about his study on rapid eye movement, its implications on disease pathogenesis, and new insights it can bring to future autism research.

Session 35 Dr. Chris Fecarotta is a Pediatric Ophthalmologist. He has been in private practice for five years now. He shares with us his reasons for choosing the specialty and what you should think about if this is a field you’re considering. I would love for you to recommend The Premed Years Podcast to your premed friends along with our other podcasts on the MedEd Media Network. [01:30] Interest in Pediatric Ophthalmology Chris admits he didn't know he wanted to be a pediatric ophthalmologist until late in the game. He figured it out at the beginning of his fourth year. Knowing he always wanted to do kids, he went into medical school thinking he would be a pediatrician of some sort. But he didn't know exactly what. Then he discovered as he went along that he wanted surgery more. He had a friend who had some family members who were in ophthalmology. He talked to them about it and though it was an interesting field. So he decided to put the two together and thought about doing pediatric ophthalmology. He shadowed a pediatric ophthalmologist and went into residency thinking it was what he would do and stuck with it. "The eye is a very fascinating organ. It's a lot more complex than people think." Chris says he likes the very small surgery. He likes the patient environment considering he's not a huge fan of doing in-patient work. So pediatric ophthalmology fit all those things very well. He also likes how it can afford a reasonable lifestyle. There are not that many emergencies in it and you can really make a big difference in children's quality of life by improving their vision. These are the things that really appealed to Chris. [03:16] Traits That Lead to Being a Good Pediatric Ophthalmologist Chris stresses how important it is to enjoy working with children. It's a very challenging field as he describes it. It's not the easiest thing to convince them that it's okay to examine their eyes. So you have to be able to work well with children. You have to be very patient and have a very good rapport. He also adds the importance of being detail-oriented, especially for ophthalmology since they deal with a very small organ. Chris says there are people who have the natural ability to do surgery especially small surgery. But he doesn't think it's not something it can't be learned. It's not something you need superhuman dexterity for. Some with normal dexterity can do it with dedication and practice. "I don't think this is not something that can be learned. I think it's very possible to learn it." Chris explains there are varying levels of natural ability just like with anything else. There are people that find they're just not really cut out to do surgery. But that's rare. Most people can learn it and do just fine. [05:35] Types of Patients and Typical Day Chris treats mostly children with strabismus (cross-eyed) or amblyopia (lazy eye). These are the bread and butter of pediatric ophthalmology as well as nasolacrimal duct obstruction. He sees all age ranges and premature babies who have retinopathy of prematurity all the way up to young children with strabismus and amblyopia. He also sees teenagers continuing their eye care. He also treats adult strabismus. So he treats all ages, mostly children. "Pediatric ophthalmologists also generally treat adults with strabismus from a variety of causes as well." As a private practice doc, Chris gets to the office between 8:00 am and 8:30 am. He sees patients through the day. He doesn't typically take a full lunch although he tries to sneak food in-between patients. Then he's generally done between 4:00 pm and 5:00 pm. He takes call but it's generally not very demanding. There are eye emergencies but there is not that many of them. Usually, most things can be triaged and then seen the next day. An example of eye emergency where he as to go in is an injury where the eye is ruptured globe. It's an emergency if the eye is cut and the contents of the eye are exposed. It usually needs to be surgically repaired that night. Another eye emergency is a retrobulbar hemorrhage from an orbit fracture or trauma to the eye. If there's bleeding behind the eye in the orbit, it can cause a compartment syndrome that can compress the optic nerve. So it needs to be decompressed. Angle-closure glaucoma is another one but this does not happen in children. So it's not a pediatrics problem but this is one of the other few emergencies in the ophthalmology field. Other than these emergencies, most things can be pushed off until the next day. [08:18] Private Practice and Work-Life Balance What caused Chris to move from academics to private practice was his friend offering him the job along with his wife. It was more of a personal decision for him than anything against academics. He mentions both private practice and academics have upsides and downsides. Only 10-15% of his patients are brought in from the outpatient setting to the operating room. Most of his patients are not surgical in pediatric ophthalmology. In general or adult ophthalmology, there is a higher percentage of surgical patients. Most of the adults are there for cataract surgery. Pretty much everybody, if they live long enough, gets a cataract and needs surgery. "The volume of surgery for pediatric ophthalmology is less than general ophthalmology." In terms of work-life balance, Chris thinks it's one of the most ideal fields for that. If you like surgery and you like children and you want a reasonable life, Chris thinks it's a great choice. There is also a big need for them. There's not that many pediatric ophthalmology so it's easy to find a job, not to mention that it's very rewarding. [10:12] Path to Residency and Fellowship The path to ophthalmology residency includes an intern year. Most people do a transitional year but you can also do a medicine year. Some programs will let you do a pediatric year if you want to specifically do pediatrics. Then you would have to do ophthalmology residency consisting of three years. Then a year after that, you can do a fellowship in pediatric ophthalmology of strabismus. So it's five years after medical school graduation. It's not as long as other surgical fields. Chris says ophthalmology is competitive to match in out of medical school but pediatrics is easy to get a fellowship in. "It's not a very popular fellowship so there's open spots usually. Most people can get a spot if they want." There are a couple of reasons Chris thinks the fellowship is not as popular. First, he doesn't think most ophthalmologists go into the field looking to deal with children. He thinks he's an exception but most are not that thrilled about seeing children. They didn't go into it for that reason. Children are much more difficult to examine than adults so it's challenging. And he thinks a lot of people are intimidated by it or don't want to deal with the hassle of examining the child. Another possible reason is that it pays less than general ophthalmology for a variety of reasons. One, is there's less surgery. Just because the field is less surgical, a lot of children are on medicaid. So the reimbursement for pediatric ophthalmology is not as strong as for general ophthalmology. So Chris things these things discourage people from choosing it. But if you like children and it's what you want to do then it's a great field to choose. He would still encourage anyone to do it if they like kids. Like all the competitive fields, the most important thing to be competitive for ophthalmology is to do well in your classes and your USMLEs. Chris thinks it's your letters of recommendation that can get you in the door to an interview. Then have a good interview where you're likable and people can see working with you for three years. Chris believes that research helps but doesn't think it really makes or breaks anybody. "You get your foot in the door by your academics and your letters of recommendation. Then your interview is really what seals the deal." With regard to sub-I's, Chris thinks it's not a bad idea to make yourself known by doing a sub-I. But you have to make a good impression otherwise you've pretty much killed your chances of going there. So you better make an A+ impression or else you'll actually probably hurt yourself. [14:30] Bias Towards DOs, Subspecialty Opportunities, and Working with Other Specialties Chris thinks it's challenging for a DO to get an ophthalmology residency but it's not impossible. There are DOs in ophthalmology. There are specific DO ophthalmology residencies so it's definitely possible. And once you're in ophthalmology, getting a pediatrics fellowship is not hard at all as what Chris has mentioned. The hard part is if you were a DO and got into ophthalmology residency. After that, you can do pediatrics if you want without a problem. Once you're a pediatric ophthalmologist, there are other opportunities to further subspecialize. Although most people don't do it, you can do a second fellowship. But if you want to be very academic and you want to be the world's expert on pediatric glaucoma, you could do a second fellowship in glaucoma. You could do neuro ophthalmology and do pediatric neuro ophthalmology. There are only four or five of them in the country. And this can help you in terms of finding jobs and being an academic. "You can subspecialize within pediatric ophthalmology but the vast majority don't." Other specialties they work the closest with include pediatric ENT, pediatric rheumatology, and pediatrics. The general pediatricians are usually the referral source for a lot of patients. To make their job easier and provide more care for the patient, pediatricians being able to provide history always helps. He also thinks most pediatricians know they need to do that. So he doesn't really have much problem with that. He doesn't think most non-ophthalmologists are comfortable with the eye. So he would encourage them to refer to pediatric ophthalmology if they're concerned about anything. Better be safe than sorry. They would be happy to see any patient any time. So they should send patients to them if they feel uncomfortable and let them help. Moreover, Chris recommends to primary care doctors to have the book The Wills Eye Manual in their office. It's the most common manual of ophthalmology out there. Most eye providers have it in their office. They can look up the different diagnosis, treatment, follow up, differential diagnosis, etc. They can use this book as a reference for anything they want to look up about eyes. When it comes to special opportunities outside of the office, Chris says that if you're going to be an academic pediatric ophthalmologist, there's always good pathways to be a chairman. There's also lots of research you can do. [18:59] What He Wished He Knew and His Most and Least Liked Things about the Field Chris was initially discouraged from pediatric ophthalmology by other ophthalmologists who said that the pay wasn't very good. While it may be true they make less than general ophthalmologists, he doesn't think it's a reason not to the the field. He feels they get paid pretty reasonable. So he would probably go back in time and tell himself not to worry about that. "If you like kids, I think you should go ahead and do it and not worry about the money because the amount you get paid is reasonable." What Chris likes the most about being a pediatric ophthalmologist is being able to play with the kids everyday. It's a lot of fun. He thinks they're adorable. There's everyday that they say something that would make him smile or laugh. For him, it makes the whole day worth it. On the flip side, what he likes the least is the small 5-10% of children who are very difficult to deal with. He had to pry their eye open to get him to do an eye exam. [20:00] Major Changes Coming to the Field and Chris' Final Advice for Premeds Chris mentions some interesting things on the horizon for ophthalmology. recent research has been focused on treating amblyopia with a certain type of iPad game. It encourages stereopsis in using both eyes together to treat amblyopia. This is an exciting development in their field that he's waiting to see the results from. Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease they commonly encounter and there are some new treatment options in the last five years. They're waiting for really good results from it. So there's a lot coming around the corner.  It's a very rapidly moving and progressing field. "Ophthalmology is a very exciting field for technology and innovations. There's always new stuff going on." Lastly, if Chris had to do it again, he would have chosen the same field in a heartbeat. He thinks it's a really great field. His advice to premed students out there is to not jump into making a decision. Take time. Do rotations and explore as much as you can before making a decision. Once it's made, you can't really change it. It's difficult. [21:45] Last Thoughts If you are thinking about pediatric ophthalmology or any pediatric subspecialty for surgery, this gives you an idea of what is out there for you. If you have any recommendations for specialties we haven't covered yet or you know somebody you'd like to hear on this podcast, shoot me an email at ryan@medicalschoolhq.net. Links: The Wills Eye Manual by Adam T. Gerstenblith The Premed Years Podcast Specialty Stories www.medicalschoolhq.net/group ryan@medicalschoolhq.net

Host: Shira Johnson, MD Guest: Jean Bennett, MD, PhD There are 39 million people worldwide who are in total blindness and another 246 million with very low vision. The most frequent forms of visual impairment are caused by problems that can be corrected. Dr. Shira Johnson welcomes Dr. Jean Bennett, Professor of Ophthalmology and Cell and Developmental Biology at the University of Pennsylvania and researcher at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Bennett discusses her innovative work and research in curing blindness through gene therapy.

Host: Shira Johnson, MD Guest: Jean Bennett, MD, PhD There are 39 million people worldwide who are in total blindness and another 246 million with very low vision. The most frequent forms of visual impairment are caused by problems that can be corrected. Dr. Shira Johnson welcomes Dr. Jean Bennett, Professor of Ophthalmology and Cell and Developmental Biology at the University of Pennsylvania and researcher at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Bennett discusses her innovative work and research in curing blindness through gene therapy.

Host: Jennifer Caudle, DO Dr. Jennifer Caudle welcomes Dr. Patrick Spencer, Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology at Grandview Medical Center in Dayton, Ohio. Their discussion centers on primary care manifestations of sickle cell retinopathy, from early to late-stage presentations and the gold standard treatment approaches along this disease course.

Host: Jennifer Caudle, DO Dr. Jennifer Caudle welcomes Dr. Patrick Spencer, Chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology at Grandview Medical Center in Dayton, Ohio. Their discussion centers on primary care manifestations of sickle cell retinopathy, from early to late-stage presentations and the gold standard treatment approaches along this disease course.

Dr. Mike O'Connor -Pediatric Ophthalmologist, CHEO and University of Ottawa Eye Institute -Ophthalmology Unit Leader, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa -Podcast Developers: Vasiliki Papadopoulos and Anthony Vo

Host: Larry Kaskel, MD Guest: Elizabeth Tieman, MD Work-life balance: how many of us can say we have it, let alone come close to having it? Board-certified radiologist Dr. Betsy Tieman is one healthcare professional who can say she achieved work-life balance by leaving private practice where she was working 14 hours a day to take advantage of locum tenens work, which also enabled her to train and compete in triathlons.