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Revolutionary €8 Million EU-Funded Project Aims to Restore Vision for Millions with Cutting-Edge Bioprinting Technology to tackle Corneal Blindness A groundbreaking initiative is set to transform the future of vision restoration with the launch of KeratOPrinter, an €8 million EU-funded project pioneering an advanced bioprinting suite capable of producing fully functional, biocompatible, full-thickness human corneas. A Global Solution to Corneal Blindness Corneal blindness is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting millions of people. Yet, due to an alarming shortage of donor tissue, many patients remain unable to access life-changing corneal transplants. The KeratOPrinter project is tackling this urgent healthcare challenge by developing an innovative 3D bioprinting technology that can replicate the complex structure and functionality of the human cornea - bringing hope to millions in need. Why KeratOPrinter is a Game-Changer Bridging the Global Cornea Shortage: By bioprinting full-thickness, optomechanicallyfunctional corneas, this project has the potential to revolutionize the field of ophthalmology, offering an alternative to limited donor tissues. Real-World Clinical Application: The project integrates Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant workflows and AI-driven quality control mechanisms to ensure consistency, reliability, and safe clinical translation. Economic and Societal Impact: By delivering a scalable, cost-effective solution to corneal transplantation, KeratOPrinter will lower production costs, improve access to treatment, and enhance the quality of life for millions, particularly in vulnerable populations. A European Collaboration Driving Innovation The KeratOPrinter project brings together a powerhouse consortium of nine partners from five EU countries - Finland, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, and Ireland. This multidisciplinary collaboration includes leading research institutes, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and industry specialists in stem cell differentiation, biomaterials, bioprinter devices, regulatory affairs, and clinical ophthalmology. The project also features state-of-the-art transport solutions, including portable incubators with active CO? and temperature control, ensuring the safe delivery of living cells and biological samples under optimal conditions. Expert Insights: A Visionary Approach to Bioprinting Professor Heli Skottman, KeratOPrinter coordinator from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology at Tampere University, Finland, highlights the significance of this initiative: "The KeratOPrinter project has strategically assembled a world-class consortium to develop an innovative bioprinting technology capable of producing standardized, biocompatible, and hypoimmunogenic full-thickness corneas in a scalable, GMP-compliant manner." She further adds: "Corneal blindness is driven by a wide spectrum of ophthalmic conditions requiring corneal transplants. However, the severe global shortage of donor tissue is a major barrier to effective treatment. The KeratOPrinter project presents a revolutionary solution, using cutting-edge technology to address this critical medical challenge." A Bold Step Towards Restoring Vision By harnessing the power of advanced bioprinting technology, the KeratOPrinter project is set to redefine corneal transplantation, making vision-restoring therapy more accessible, efficient, and sustainable. With its transformative impact on ophthalmology, this project marks a new era in regenerative medicine. About KeratOPrinter KeratOPrinter is an EU-funded research project dedicated to developing cutting-edge bioprinting solutions for corneal transplantation. By combining expertise from multiple disciplines, the project aims to produce a scalable, clinically viable solution to address the global challenge of corneal blindness. For more information about the KeratOPrinter project and its initiatives, visit the official project website at htt...
This podcast summarises the article 'Clinical and morphological features of corneal lymphoma in 26 horses (27 eyes)' by Jacob M. Morris, Mary E. Lassaline, Catherine M. Nunnery, Leandro B. C. Teixeira, Bianca C. Martins, Bret A. Moore, Kelly E. Knickelbein, Nicole M. Scherrer and Caryn E. Plummer.
In today's tip, Horses In The Morning co-hosts Glenn & Jamie are joined by Dr. Pierce who explains corneal abscesses.Host: Coach JennTodays contributor: Horses In The Morning podcast, Dr. PierceSupport provided by Equestrian PlusAdditional support for this episode provided by HRN AuditorsListen to more podcasts for horse people at Horse Radio Network
In today's tip, Horses In The Morning co-hosts Glenn & Jamie are joined by Dr. Pierce who explains corneal abscesses.Host: Coach JennTodays contributor: Horses In The Morning podcast, Dr. PierceSupport provided by Equestrian PlusAdditional support for this episode provided by HRN AuditorsListen to more podcasts for horse people at Horse Radio Network
This article delves into the latest developments in refractive surgery, with a particular focus on LASIK, PRK, SMILE, and ICL procedures, as well as the critical role of corneal transplant surgery in restoring vision for those with severe corneal damage or diseases like keratoconus and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy.
222! What a milestone! To celebrate, let's talk about our 2 eyes, what can end up in them and what can come out. It's awful. — Support and sponsor this show! Venmo Tip Jar: @WellThatsInteresting Instagram: @wellthatsinterestingpod Bluesky: @wtipod Threads: @wellthatsinterestingpod Twitter: @wti_pod Listen on YouTube!! Oh, BTW. You're interesting. Email YOUR facts, stories, experiences... Nothing is too big or too small. I'll read it on the show: wellthatsinterestingpod@gmail.com WTI is a part of the Airwave Media podcast network! Visit AirwaveMedia.com to listen and subscribe to other incredible shows. Want to advertise your glorious product on WTI? Email me: wellthatsinterestingpod@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Part two of our conversation with Dr. Sophia Leung takes a clinical turn as she shares her top tips for managing corneal diseases and dystrophies in primary care practice. We discuss red flags to watch for, when to treat versus refer, and practical advice for navigating complex corneal cases. If you're looking to elevate your skills in corneal care or enhance your confidence in managing anterior segment conditions, this episode is a must-listen! The Four Eyes Podcast is brought to you by YoungOD Connect
People regularly deal with seasonal allergies, but how much do these environmental factors affect our corneas? Dr. Matt Feng sits down with Dr. Laura Downie to discuss her recent Ophthalmology article, “Intravital Imaging of the Human Cornea Reveals the Differential Effects of Season on Innate and Adaptive Immune Cell Morphodynamics.” Intravital Imaging of the Human Cornea Reveals the Differential Effects of Season on Innate and Adaptive Immune Cell Morphodynamics. Wu, Mengliang et al. Ophthalmology, Volume 131, Issue 10, 1185 – 1195
In this episode, Dr. Cremers dives deep into the world of ocular health, exploring the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for Corneal Dystrophy: Map-dot- fingerprint aka anterior basement membrane dystrophy (ABMD). This episode provides valuable insights into maintaining corneal health and preventing recurring issues.
Noche Miller stops by to talk about trick training in horses and Dr. Pierce explains corneal abscesses. Plus, some mighty weird news. Listen in…HORSES IN THE MORNING Episode 3559 – Show Notes and Links:Guest: Noche MillerGuest: Dr. PierceTitle Sponsor: Poseidon HealthAdditional support for this podcast provided by: Daily Dose Equine, State Line Tack, My New Horse and Listeners Like YouTime Stamps:02:34 - Daily Whinnies13:32 - Noche Miller27:04 - Dr. Pierce49:00 - Weird News
Noche Miller stops by to talk about trick training in horses and Dr. Pierce explains corneal abscesses. Plus, some mighty weird news. Listen in…HORSES IN THE MORNING Episode 3559 – Show Notes and Links:Guest: Noche MillerGuest: Dr. PierceTitle Sponsor: Poseidon HealthAdditional support for this podcast provided by: Daily Dose Equine, State Line Tack, My New Horse and Listeners Like YouTime Stamps:02:34 - Daily Whinnies13:32 - Noche Miller27:04 - Dr. Pierce49:00 - Weird News
In this episode, listen in as Dr. Robert Rothman speaks with Dr. Daniel Brocks, CMO of BostonSight! They discuss the unique PROSE lenses that are redefining corneal care and how BostonSight's nonprofit mission is making advanced treatments accessible to more patients. Key takeaways include:PROSE Lenses: Customized scleral lenses that protect, hydrate, and restore vision for complex eye conditions.Increased Accessibility: BostonSight's new tech-driven approach to simplify lens fitting for broader use.Mission-Driven Impact: How BostonSight reinvests revenue to offer free care and support for patients in need.Join us to learn more about these innovations and the future of specialty eye care—tune in now!
Welcome to the emDOCs.net podcast! Join us as we review our high-yield posts from our website emDOCs.net. Today on the emDOCs cast with Brit Long, MD (@long_brit), and Rachel Bridwell, MD (@rebridwell), we cover corneal abrasions and DRESS. To continue to make this a worthwhile podcast for you to listen to, we appreciate any feedback and comments you may have for us. Please let us know!Subscribe to the podcast on one of the many platforms below:Apple iTunesSpotifyGoogle Play
OKYO Pharma CEO Gary Jacob joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news the company is reporting the first patient has been dosed in the Phase 2 trial of OK-101, a topical ocular treatment for neuropathic corneal pain (NCP). This double-masked, randomized, 12-week placebo-controlled trial will enroll 48 patients, all of whom will have their NCP disease confirmed via confocal microscopy. The trial is being conducted at a single center under the leadership of Dr. Pedram Hamrah from Tufts Medical Center, where he serves as Professor and Vice Chair of Research and Academic Programs, and Director of the Center for Translational Ocular Immunology. Dr. Hamrah's expertise will guide the study, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness of OK-101 in alleviating pain caused by corneal nerve damage—a condition with no current FDA-approved treatments. Jacob highlighted that OK-101 is a novel, non-opioid therapeutic specifically designed to target the severe and often debilitating pain associated with NCP. This condition can stem from various sources, including dry eye disease, surgery, or infections, and can significantly affect patients' quality of life. Presently, treatment options for NCP are limited to temporary pain relief strategies that often fall short of providing long-term relief. OKYO Pharma's development of OK-101 is a promising step toward addressing this unmet medical need, potentially offering patients a more effective solution to manage their corneal pain. #proactiveinvestors #okyopharmalimited #nasdaq #okyo #NeuropathicPain #OcularPain #OK101Trial #FDAApproval #Biotech #Pharmaceuticals #ClinicalTrial #DrugDevelopment #HealthInnovation#invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews
In this episode Dr. Oboh-Weilke teaches us how to distinguish between a corneal abrasion and a corneal ulcer, the 1-2-3 rule for culturing the cornea, the differential for infectious corneal ulcers, and management strategies. Disclaimer: this podcast is for educational purposes only and should not be used to treat anyone's eyes.
Corneal blindness has a significant public health impact, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to eye care is limited. It can contribute to a high burden of disability, affecting individuals' quality of life and economic productivity, while straining healthcare systems with the need for preventive measures, surgical treatments, and rehabilitation services. In the latest episode of New Insight, host Veeral Sheth, MD is joined by John Sheets, PhD, the president, chief executive officer, and co-founder of Pantheon Vision, a pioneering early research-stage organization working to develop bioengineered solutions to eliminate corneal blindness and restore sight to millions. As part of its mission, Pantheon is dedicated to reducing reliance on donated corneal tissues to address corneal blindness. Although corneal transplant surgery has long been the gold standard, there remains significant room for improvement in graft acceptance, vision restoration, and long-term outcomes to better combat corneal blindness. Highlights 0:06 Introduction 2:20 Sheet's Background 6:30 Experience with FDA 10:58 Mission of Pantheon Vision 17:10 Corneal Transplant Alternatives 22:54 Overcoming Challenges 28:49 Conclusion #ophthalmology #cornea #podcast
Pain isn't nice, but there are times when it's necessary - If you don't feel the pain you should, you're at risk of doing yourself greater damage. If you feel pain you shouldn't, that could the first signs of a deeper issue. Professor Rayaz Malik and Dr Ioannis Petropolous talk about their work on a new, non-invasive, inexpensive way of detecting early stages of neurodegeneration that could be as easy as an opticians appointment. Read their original research: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2012
In this week's OIS Podcast episode, Host Dr. Robert Rothman sits down with Almog Aley-Raz, CEO of CorNeat Vision, for a fascinating discussion. They cover:Almog's career journey from Israel to the U.S.How a mountain biking trip with an ophthalmologist sparked the idea for CorNeat VisionCorneal blindness as a global issue and the need for better solutions, especially in regions with limited donor tissue and trained surgeonsCorNeat's groundbreaking synthetic cornea, made with their unique material, Avatrix, which offers exciting potential for restoring visionApplications of Avatrix beyond ophthalmology, including maxillofacial and dental proceduresTune in now to learn more!
Interview with Gerami D. Seitzman, MD, author of Biomarker Detection and Validation for Corneal Involvement in Patients With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis. Hosted by Neil Bressler, MD. Related Content: Biomarker Detection and Validation for Corneal Involvement in Patients With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis
Interview with Gerami D. Seitzman, MD, author of Biomarker Detection and Validation for Corneal Involvement in Patients With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis. Hosted by Neil Bressler, MD. Related Content: Biomarker Detection and Validation for Corneal Involvement in Patients With Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis
In this episode, host Alyssa Watson, DVM, welcomes back DJ Haeussler, DVM, MS, DACVO, to talk about his recent Clinician's Brief article, “Diamond Burr Debridement for Indolent Corneal Ulcers.” Dr. Haeussler starts by reviewing all the practical details about indolent ulcers, including how to diagnose them and initiate treatment. Then, for the cases that don't respond, he explains when and how to perform diamond burr debridement using a dental handpiece.Resource:https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/corneal-ulcers-erosion-treatment-corneaContact:podcast@vetmedux.comWhere To Find Us:Website: CliniciansBrief.com/PodcastsYouTube: Youtube.com/@clinicians_briefFacebook: Facebook.com/CliniciansBriefLinkedIn: LinkedIn.com/showcase/CliniciansBrief/Instagram: @Clinicians.BriefX: @CliniciansBriefThe Team:Alyssa Watson, DVM - HostAlexis Ussery - Producer & Multimedia Specialist
In this episode of Eye on Innovation Podcast, Carey Powers delves into the latest advancements in corneal crosslinking technology with expert guest Dr. Deepinder Dhaliwal. Dr. Dhaliwal, a renowned professor of ophthalmology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and director of refractive surgery at the UPMC Vision Institute, shares her extensive knowledge and insights. Here's what you can expect:Prevalence of Keratoconus: Discover how improved diagnostic imaging has revealed a higher prevalence of keratoconus than previously thought, affecting 1.2% of 20-year-olds.Current Standard of Care: Learn about the FDA-approved epithelium-off crosslinking procedure and its role in treating progressive keratoconus in the U.S.Unmet Needs in Treatment: Understand the challenges of current crosslinking procedures, including patient discomfort, long recovery times, and the need for safer, faster options.Innovative Solutions: Get insights into upcoming advancements like epithelium-on crosslinking, which promises quicker recovery and fewer side effects.Future Directions: Hear about the potential for custom crosslinking procedures and the exciting work being done in the field to stabilize even very thin corneas.Early Detection: Explore the importance of early keratoconus detection through corneal tomography and the potential role of AI in identifying at-risk patients sooner.Tune in to gain a comprehensive understanding of the latest innovations and future possibilities in corneal crosslinking technology. Don't miss this insightful conversation!
Recurrent Corneal Erosion Syndrome (RCES) is an extremely uncomfortable condition for patients to live with. With so many management options, including ointments, bandage contact lenses, superficial keratectomy, anterior stromal puncture, and PTK, what actually works best? Wills Eye Hospital Cornea Specialst Dr. Chris Rapuano joins the podcast. This episode is sponsored by Sun Pharma Canada - https://sunpharma.com/canada/
In this episode of CRST: The Podcast, host Marguerite B. McDonald, MD, FACS, convenes a panel of contributors to CRST's January cover series on the future of corneal surgery to delve into some revolutionary advances. George O. Waring IV, MD, FACS; Marcela Feltrin de Barros, MD; and Steven E. Wilson, MD, FARVO discuss cutting-edge techniques such as refractive indexing and the potential of topical losartan for treating corneal scarring. The conversation spans the evolution of corneal surgery, the promising applications of femtosecond laser technology, and the impact of new procedures on clinical practice. Tune in to gain a deeper understanding of how these innovations could influence future developments in vision correction and corneal health.
BUFFALO, NY- April 30, 2024 – A new #researchpaper was #published on the #cover of Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 16, Issue 8, entitled, “Senescent characteristics of human corneal endothelial cells upon ultraviolet-A exposure.” In this new study, researchers Kohsaku Numa, Sandip Kumar Patel, Zhixin A. Zhang, Jordan B. Burton, Akifumi Matsumoto, Jun-Wei B. Hughes, Chie Sotozono, Birgit Schilling, Pierre-Yves Desprez, Judith Campisi (1948-2024), and Koji Kitazawa from Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, University of Cambridge, and California Pacific Medical Center investigated the senescent phenotypes of human corneal endothelial cells (hCEnCs) upon treatment with ultraviolet (UV)-A. “We assessed cell morphology, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, cell proliferation and expression of senescence markers (p16 and p21) in hCEnCs exposed to UV-A radiation, and senescent hCEnCs induced by ionizing radiation (IR) were used as positive controls.” The researchers performed RNA sequencing and proteomics analyses to compare gene and protein expression profiles between UV-A- and IR-induced senescent hCEnCs — they also compared the results to non-senescent hCEnCs. Cells exposed to 5 J/cm2 of UV-A or to IR exhibited typical senescent phenotypes, including enlargement, increased SA-β-gal activity, decreased cell proliferation and elevated expression of p16 and p21. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that 83.9% of the genes significantly upregulated and 82.6% of the genes significantly downregulated in UV-A-induced senescent hCEnCs overlapped with the genes regulated in IR-induced senescent hCEnCs. Proteomics also revealed that 93.8% of the proteins significantly upregulated in UV-A-induced senescent hCEnCs overlapped with those induced by IR. In proteomics analyses, senescent hCEnCs induced by UV-A exhibited elevated expression levels of several factors part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. “In this study, where senescence was induced by UV-A, a more physiological stress for hCEnCs compared to IR, we determined that UV-A modulated the expression of many genes and proteins typically altered upon IR treatment, a more conventional method of senescence induction, even though UV-A also modulated specific pathways unrelated to IR.” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205761 Corresponding author - Koji Kitazawa - kkitazaw@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.205761 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts About Aging-US Aging publishes research papers in all fields of aging research including but not limited, aging from yeast to mammals, cellular senescence, age-related diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's diseases and their prevention and treatment, anti-aging strategies and drug development and especially the role of signal transduction pathways such as mTOR in aging and potential approaches to modulate these signaling pathways to extend lifespan. The journal aims to promote treatment of age-related diseases by slowing down aging, validation of anti-aging drugs by treating age-related diseases, prevention of cancer by inhibiting aging. Cancer and COVID-19 are age-related diseases. Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ X - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/1X4HQQgegjReaf6Mozn6Mc MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM
Care More Be Better: Social Impact, Sustainability + Regeneration Now
Welcome to another enlightening episode of the "Care More Be Better" podcast, where we dive deep into the challenges faced by those with rare genetic diseases. This session features a compelling interview with Robert (Bob) Bellizzi, the founder and Executive Director of the Corneal Dystrophy Foundation. This episode was recorded in 2021, and is being re-published as a tribute to Bob since his passing quietly at home on April 8, 2024, 5 days before he would have turned 93 years old.About the GuestBob Bellizzi founded the Corneal Dystrophy Foundation in 1998, originally starting as a grassroots patient-to-patient support group called Fuchs' Friends. His organization has since grown to serve around 3,000 members across over 150 countries, providing a much-needed platform for patient support and information exchange on corneal dystrophies. Key Discussion PointsDiagnosis and Personal Journey: Bob shares his personal journey of being diagnosed with Fuchs' dystrophy, detailing the initial challenges and misconceptions around the condition due to the lack of accessible information at the time.Advancements in Treatment: The conversation highlights the significant advancements in treatment methods for corneal dystrophy, particularly the shift towards less invasive procedures that aim to reduce the risks of infection and rejection.Patient Advocacy and Support: Bob discusses the evolution of Fuchs' Friends and how the community's active engagement with specialists has propelled faster adoption and refinement of new surgical techniques globally.Future Outlook: Reflecting on the future, Bob expresses optimism about ongoing research and clinical trials aimed at further improving treatment outcomes and possibly avoiding surgery altogether through innovative approaches like gene therapy and specialized drug treatments.Eye sight can change at any age or stage of life. Annual checkups help identify potential sight or health issues, and should be considered, even if you don't have poor eyesight.Memorable MomentsThe Power of Community: One touching story shared involves the rapid response and collaborative effort to treat a five-day-old infant diagnosed with corneal dystrophy, showcasing the community's ability to mobilize and provide critical help in urgent situations.Challenges with Statistics and Awareness: Bob clarifies the prevalence of corneal dystrophy, discussing the variations in statistical data and the general lack of awareness within the medical community, which often leads to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment.Measuring SuccessBob shares insights into measuring the success of his nonprofit efforts, emphasizing the importance of community recognition and the respect of medical professionals as key indicators of their impact.How to Connect and SupportListeners interested in supporting or learning more about corneal dystrophies can connect through the Corneal Dystrophy Foundation's website at CornealDystrophyFoundation.org, which also provides links to join Fuchs' Friends support groups.Final ThoughtsAs we wrap up this insightful conversation, we are reminded of the critical importance of advocacy and support in the realm of rare diseases. Bob's parting advice urges everyone not to dismiss changes in vision as normal aging but to seek expert advice, which could make a significant difference in outcomes.For those looking to dive deeper or contribute to this cause, visit our Action Page at CareMoreBeBetter.com. Together, we can spread awareness and support those facing these rare but impactful challenges.Transcripts + Complete Blog: https://caremorebebetter.com/saving-sight-with-robert-bellizzi-the-corneal-dystrophy-foundation
Corneal tears, though small, can cause significant discomfort and vision disturbances. So, what is a cornea? The cornea is the clear covering on the front of your eye. It plays an important role in focusing light onto the retina for clear vision. When it tears due to injury or contact lenses, it can be incredibly painful and lead to redness, light sensitivity, and vision impairment (e.g., blurry or hazy vision). It can also make it feel like something is stuck in your eye. Traditional treatments for small corneal tears include lubricating eye drops, antibiotics to prevent infection, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions. However, recent research suggests a promising new avenue for accelerating corneal healing: the peptide known as BPC-157. In this podcast, we'll discuss what BPC-157 is and how it works to help heal corneal tears. What is BPC-157? BPC-157, short for Body Protection Compound-157, is a man-made peptide derived from a protein in human gastric juice. It has become popular for its potential healing effects on many tissues throughout the body, including the cornea. BPC-157 boosts blood flow and stimulates growth factors. It accelerates tissue regeneration, ensuring faster recovery from injuries like ligament, tendon, and corneal tears. It also decreases inflammation, strengthens the intestinal and stomach lining, and nurtures a healthy balance of gut bacteria. BPC-157 is also really good at fighting inflammation in your body. It stops the harmful proinflammatory proteins (cytokines and interleukins) that make you feel swollen and sore. It also has neuroprotective properties, rejuvenates neurons, boosts neurotransmitter function, and clears away mental haze. What evidence do we have showing its efficacy? Research specifically examining the effects of BPC-157 on corneal healing is still in its early stages but shows promising results. In animal studies, BPC-157 has been found to promote faster healing of corneal wounds, reduce inflammation, and improve overall corneal integrity. While most corneal abrasions fully heal within one to two weeks, BPC-157 can reduce the healing time by several days. These findings suggest that BPC-157 could be a valuable addition to traditional human corneal injury treatments. Clinical Applications While more extensive clinical trials are needed to fully establish the efficacy and safety of BPC-157 for corneal tears in humans, preliminary results are encouraging. You can inject BPC-157 into the fatty tissue of your upper arms, stomach, or top of your thigh. It's also available for topical administration through eye drops or ointments. Topical BPC-157 could offer a non-invasive and potentially more effective alternative to traditional treatments. While human studies on BPC-157 remain limited, keep in mind that BPC-157 has a short half-life of approximately 4 hours (the amount of time it takes for half of the peptide to be eliminated from the body). Because of this, the risk of long-term effects is minimal as the peptide is quickly absorbed and cleared from the body. Many animal studies show that BPC-157 helps accelerate wound healing and soft tissue injuries. It has also improved gut, bone, and joint health. Remember that BPC-157 is derived from human gastric juices, contributing to its tolerability. Generally, it's considered safe to take. However, some individuals may experience side effects such as bruising, redness, or itching at the injection site. Thanks again for listening to The Peptide Podcast. We love having you as part of our community. If you love this podcast, please share it with your friends and family on social media, and have a happy, healthy week! We're huge advocates of elevating your health game with nutrition, supplements, and vitamins. Whether it's a daily boost or targeted support, we trust and use Momentous products to supercharge our wellness journey. Momentous only uses the highest-quality ingredients, and every single product is rigorously tested by independent third parties to ensure their products deliver on their promise to bring you the best supplements on the market.
This episode covers corneal abrasions.Written notes can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/medicine/ophthalmology/cornealabrasions/ or in the ophthalmology section of the 2nd edition of the Zero to Finals medicine book.The audio in the episode was expertly edited by Harry Watchman.
This is the 4th episode in a 5-part series on opthamalogy. This episode is on Corneal Transplant, which is sometimes called keratoplasty or a corneal graft. After listening to this podcast, learners will be able to: 1. Describe the relevant anatomy of the cornea. 2. List indications for corneal transplant. 3. Match common indications for corneal transplant with which type of surgery may be most appropriate.
Drs. Fasika Woreta and Ekjyot Gill join host Jay Sridhar to discuss the literature and their experiences surrounding socioeconomic determinants of corneal pathology, and how social risk factors impact access to necessary corneal treatment and surgery. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.
In this episode, we review a consensus guideline from the American College of Emergency Physicians on the use of topical anesthetics in corneal abrasions. Show notes and references: FOAMcast.org Thanks for listening! Jeremy Faust and Lauren WEstafer
Visit nascentmc.com/podcast for full show notes [free course] ChatGPT4 in medical writing and editing at learnAMAstyle.com Nascentmc.com for medical writing assistance for your CME or Medical Communications company. Eplontersen for ATTR-CM Eplontersen received FDA Fast Track designation for treating transthyretin-mediated amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in adults, aiming to inhibit TTR protein production. Nivolumab for NSCLC The FDA accepted supplemental applications for nivolumab in resectable stage 2A to 3B non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on the CheckMate-77T trial showing improved survival rates. RSV Vaccine for Adults Aged 50 to 59 The FDA prioritizes review of GSK's Arexvy vaccine for RSV in adults aged 50-59 at risk of complications, expanding from its existing approval for those 60 and older. Spinal Cord Stimulation System The FDA approved Boston Scientific's WaveWriter Spinal Cord Stimulation Systems for chronic low back and leg pain treatment in non-surgery patients, based on the SOLIS trial results. OK-101 for Neuropathic Corneal Pain The FDA approved an IND application for OK-101, a first for treating neuropathic corneal pain (NCP), an Orphan disease, developed by OKYO Pharma Limited. Viz ICH Plus for Brain Bleed The FDA cleared Viz ICH Plus, an AI algorithm by Viz.ai for automating the identification and quantification of brain bleeds and structures in NCCT images. Vepdegestrant for MBC Vepdegestrant received FDA Fast Track designation for treating ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in patients previously treated with endocrine therapy. VerTouch Spinal Puncture Device The FDA cleared VerTouch, a handheld imaging tool by IntuiTap Medical, designed to improve the accuracy of spinal punctures by providing a 2D image of lumbar spinal anatomy.
How common are facial injuries occurring? -20-40% involve face It could just involve something as simple as a slap in the face. On-field assessment allows you to hone in on a specific injury. Where does your mind go during the initial assessment for a facial injury? What are you looking for? -1st talking and airway Ecchymosis is present, when should you refer? -Racoon eyes (both eyes) - vasal or skull fracture possibility -Battle sign - ecchymosis behind the ear. Basal or skull fracture possible. Skull fractures is surgery common or just monitor? -CT to check the brain and for fracture -not all require surgery Mandibular fractures. Are we looking at surgery? -Depends on the type of fracture. Not displaced can monitor and have on a soft food diet. -High protein foods for high-level athletes so they can still get nutrients Healing time during a mandible fracture, what are they allowed to do? -As tolerated -Lift, light exercise -nothing stressful that they clench their jaw. Difference between RTP. What are you looking for, for an athlete returning to play in a contact sport? -Depends on sport and position. -2-3 months, but it depends on how the athlete is healing and what their position entails. Regulations in rugby. They aren't allowed to wear certain masks? -Protective gear cannot be a hard shell. -Lots of pads and tape. -Can have a mouth guard. TMJ dislocation. What is the relocation process? -Usually down and out. Put posterior pressure and push back in. -Wear gloves and roll gauze on your thumbs since you have to push on the bottom teeth. -Relocated the TMJ, but chose to not let him back in the game. Follow up for TMJ dislocation? -Follow up with them. -Ask about symptoms, can lead to who they need to be sent to. -Typically if it is back in and they are good, you can watch them. Maxillary fracture. Seen one clinically? -Common from motor vehicle injuries -Never seen one from sport. -Could maybe see one from a combat sport. Splint a lefort fracture. -Bartans split technique. Key signs of a zygomatic fracture? -Big swelling over cheek bone -Dent in the cheek bone Nasal fracture, when can you get them back to sport? -Depends on sport/position -usually 4-6 weeks -Need to be pain free and breathe ok. Mask wearing can be just to be for the athlete to have comfort and prevent another injury. Fix nasal bone once done with sports. Nasal bleeds. At what point should you call EMS if you cannot control a nosebleed? -Symptoms of lightheadedness or dizziness. Headache or nauseous Manage a nosebleed if someone is dizzy? -Tilt and pinch. Try sitting, not just lying down. Orbital injuries Eyelid injuries - refer to an ophthalmologist. ER have on call? -Have to go to an ER connected to a hospital because they will have one on call. -The movement and tear ducts are something to consider. AT should control bleed and refer? -Control bleeding, and cover then refer to ER. What should the AT's actual action be when referring an athlete to the hospital for an orbital injury? -ABC's -Neck -Then they can sit up and you can evaluate. Most orbital injuries something you would refer to ER? -Corneal abrasions can be sent to urgent care. -Foreign body could go to an urgent care -ER globe rupture, eyelid laceration, loss of vision Ear injuries Ear magnets -Put on the outside ear to squeeze which can help prevent cauliflower ear. How long do you have to drain cauliflower ear? -Hematoma is the beginning, cauliflower ear is when you don't take care of it. -As soon as possible when it is still fluid/squishy. Can be within the next couple of days. The most common head injury seen is a concussion. All five senses are on your head. Want to check all 5 in your assessment.
For those who haven't heard the announcement I just posted , songs from this point on will sometimes be split among multiple episodes, so this is the second part of a multi-episode look at the Byrds in 1966-69 and the birth of country rock. Click the full post to read liner notes, links to more information, and a transcript of the episode. Patreon backers also have a half-hour bonus episode, on "With a Little Help From My Friends" by Joe Cocker. Tilt Araiza has assisted invaluably by doing a first-pass edit, and will hopefully be doing so from now on. Check out Tilt's irregular podcasts at http://www.podnose.com/jaffa-cakes-for-proust and http://sitcomclub.com/ Resources No Mixcloud at this time as there are too many Byrds songs in the first chunk, but I will try to put together a multi-part Mixcloud when all the episodes for this song are up. My main source for the Byrds is Timeless Flight Revisited by Johnny Rogan, I also used Chris Hillman's autobiography, the 331/3 books on The Notorious Byrd Brothers and The Gilded Palace of Sin, I used Barney Hoskyns' Hotel California and John Einarson's Desperadoes as general background on Californian country-rock, Calling Me Hone, Gram Parsons and the Roots of Country Rock by Bob Kealing for information on Parsons, and Requiem For The Timeless Vol 2 by Johnny Rogan for information about the post-Byrds careers of many members. Information on Gary Usher comes from The California Sound by Stephen McParland. And this three-CD set is a reasonable way of getting most of the Byrds' important recordings. The International Submarine Band's only album can be bought from Bandcamp. Patreon This podcast is brought to you by the generosity of my backers on Patreon. Why not join them? Transcript Before we begin, a brief warning – this episode contains brief mentions of suicide, alcoholism, abortion, and heroin addiction, and a brief excerpt of chanting of a Nazi slogan. If you find those subjects upsetting, you may want to read the transcript rather than listen. As we heard in the last part, in October 1967 Roger McGuinn and Chris Hillman fired David Crosby from the Byrds. It was only many years later, in a conversation with the group's ex-manager Jim Dickson, that Crosby realised that they didn't actually have a legal right to fire him -- the Byrds had no partnership agreement, and according to Dickson given that the original group had been Crosby, McGuinn, and Gene Clark, it would have been possible for Crosby and McGuinn to fire Hillman, but not for McGuinn and Hillman to fire Crosby. But Crosby was unaware of this at the time, and accepted a pay-off, with which he bought a boat and sailed to Florida, where saw a Canadian singer-songwriter performing live: [Excerpt: Joni Mitchell, "Both Sides Now (live Ann Arbor, MI, 27/10/67)"] We'll find out what happened when David Crosby brought Joni Mitchell back to California in a future story... With Crosby gone, the group had a major problem. They were known for two things -- their jangly twelve-string guitar and their soaring harmonies. They still had the twelve-string, even in their new slimmed-down trio format, but they only had two of their four vocalists -- and while McGuinn had sung lead on most of their hits, the sound of the Byrds' harmony had been defined by Crosby on the high harmonies and Gene Clark's baritone. There was an obvious solution available, of course, and they took it. Gene Clark had quit the Byrds in large part because of his conflicts with David Crosby, and had remained friendly with the others. Clark's solo album had featured Chris Hillman and Michael Clarke, and had been produced by Gary Usher who was now producing the Byrds' records, and it had been a flop and he was at a loose end. After recording the Gene Clark with the Gosdin Brothers album, Clark had started work with Curt Boettcher, a singer-songwriter-producer who had produced hits for Tommy Roe and the Association, and who was currently working with Gary Usher. Boettcher produced two tracks for Clark, but they went unreleased: [Excerpt: Gene Clark, "Only Colombe"] That had been intended as the start of sessions for an album, but Clark had been dropped by Columbia rather than getting to record a second album. He had put together a touring band with guitarist Clarence White, bass player John York, and session drummer "Fast" Eddie Hoh, but hadn't played many gigs, and while he'd been demoing songs for a possible second solo album he didn't have a record deal to use them on. Chisa Records, a label co-owned by Larry Spector, Peter Fonda, and Hugh Masekela, had put out some promo copies of one track, "Yesterday, Am I Right", but hadn't released it properly: [Excerpt: Gene Clark, "Yesterday, Am I Right"] Clark, like the Byrds, had left Dickson and Tickner's management organisation and signed with Larry Spector, and Spector was wanting to make the most of his artists -- and things were very different for the Byrds now. Clark had had three main problems with being in the Byrds -- ego clashes with David Crosby, the stresses of being a pop star with a screaming teenage fanbase, and his fear of flying. Clark had really wanted to have the same kind of role in the Byrds that Brian Wilson had with the Beach Boys -- appear on the records, write songs, do TV appearances, maybe play local club gigs, but not go on tour playing to screaming fans. But now David Crosby was out of the group and there were no screaming fans any more -- the Byrds weren't having the kind of pop hits they'd had a few years earlier and were now playing to the hippie audience. Clark promised that with everything else being different, he could cope with the idea of flying -- if necessary he'd just take tranquilisers or get so drunk he passed out. So Gene Clark rejoined the Byrds. According to some sources he sang on their next single, "Goin' Back," though I don't hear his voice in the mix: [Excerpt: The Byrds, "Goin' Back"] According to McGuinn, Clark was also an uncredited co-writer on one song on the album they were recording, "Get to You". But before sessions had gone very far, the group went on tour. They appeared on the Smothers Brothers TV show, miming their new single and "Mr. Spaceman", and Clark seemed in good spirits, but on the tour of the Midwest that followed, according to their road manager of the time, Clark was terrified, singing flat and playing badly, and his guitar and vocal mic were left out of the mix. And then it came time to get on a plane, and Clark's old fears came back, and he refused to fly from Minneapolis to New York with the rest of the group, instead getting a train back to LA. And that was the end of Clark's second stint in the Byrds. For the moment, the Byrds decided they were going to continue as a trio on stage and a duo in the studio -- though Michael Clarke did make an occasional return to the sessions as they progressed. But of course, McGuinn and Hillman couldn't record an album entirely by themselves. They did have several tracks in a semi-completed state still featuring Crosby, but they needed people to fill his vocal and instrumental roles on the remaining tracks. For the vocals, Usher brought in his friend and collaborator Curt Boettcher, with whom he was also working at the time in a band called Sagittarius: [Excerpt: Sagittarius, "Another Time"] Boettcher was a skilled harmony vocalist -- according to Usher, he was one of the few vocal arrangers that Brian Wilson looked up to, and Jerry Yester had said of the Modern Folk Quartet that “the only vocals that competed with us back then was Curt Boettcher's group” -- and he was more than capable of filling Crosby's vocal gap, but there was never any real camaraderie between him and the Byrds. He particularly disliked McGuinn, who he said "was just such a poker face. He never let you know where you stood. There was never any lightness," and he said of the sessions as a whole "I was really thrilled to be working with The Byrds, and, at the same time, I was glad when it was all over. There was just no fun, and they were such weird guys to work with. They really freaked me out!" Someone else who Usher brought in, who seems to have made a better impression, was Red Rhodes: [Excerpt: Red Rhodes, "Red's Ride"] Rhodes was a pedal steel player, and one of the few people to make a career on the instrument outside pure country music, which is the genre with which the instrument is usually identified. Rhodes was a country player, but he was the country pedal steel player of choice for musicians from the pop and folk-rock worlds. He worked with Usher and Boettcher on albums by Sagittarius and the Millennium, and played on records by Cass Elliot, Carole King, the Beach Boys, and the Carpenters, among many others -- though he would be best known for his longstanding association with Michael Nesmith of the Monkees, playing on most of Nesmith's recordings from 1968 through 1992. Someone else who was associated with the Monkees was Moog player Paul Beaver, who we talked about in the episode on "Hey Jude", and who had recently played on the Monkees' Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones, Ltd album: [Excerpt: The Monkees, "Star Collector"] And the fourth person brought in to help the group out was someone who was already familiar to them. Clarence White was, like Red Rhodes, from the country world -- he'd started out in a bluegrass group called the Kentucky Colonels: [Excerpt: The Kentucky Colonels, "Clinch Mountain Backstep"] But White had gone electric and formed one of the first country-rock bands, a group named Nashville West, as well as becoming a popular session player. He had already played on a couple of tracks on Younger Than Yesterday, as well as playing with Hillman and Michael Clarke on Gene Clark's album with the Gosdin Brothers and being part of Clark's touring band with John York and "Fast" Eddie Hoh. The album that the group put together with these session players was a triumph of sequencing and production. Usher had recently been keen on the idea of crossfading tracks into each other, as the Beatles had on Sgt Pepper, and had done the same on the two Chad and Jeremy albums he produced. By clever crossfading and mixing, Usher managed to create something that had the feel of being a continuous piece, despite being the product of several very different creative minds, with Usher's pop sensibility and arrangement ideas being the glue that held everything together. McGuinn was interested in sonic experimentation. He, more than any of the others, seems to have been the one who was most pushing for them to use the Moog, and he continued his interest in science fiction, with a song, "Space Odyssey", inspired by the Arthur C. Clarke short story "The Sentinel", which was also the inspiration for the then-forthcoming film 2001: A Space Odyssey: [Excerpt: The Byrds, "Space Odyssey"] Then there was Chris Hillman, who was coming up with country material like "Old John Robertson": [Excerpt: The Byrds, "Old John Robertson"] And finally there was David Crosby. Even though he'd been fired from the group, both McGuinn and Hillman didn't see any problem with using the songs he had already contributed. Three of the album's eleven songs are compositions that are primarily by Crosby, though they're all co-credited to either Hillman or both Hillman and McGuinn. Two of those songs are largely unchanged from Crosby's original vision, just finished off by the rest of the group after his departure, but one song is rather different: [Excerpt: The Byrds, "Draft Morning"] "Draft Morning" was a song that was important to Crosby, and was about his -- and the group's -- feelings about the draft and the ongoing Vietnam War. It was a song that had meant a lot to him, and he'd been part of the recording for the backing track. But when it came to doing the final vocals, McGuinn and Hillman had a problem -- they couldn't remember all the words to the song, and obviously there was no way they were going to get Crosby to give them the original lyrics. So they rewrote it, coming up with new lyrics where they couldn't remember the originals: [Excerpt: The Byrds, "Draft Morning"] But there was one other contribution to the track that was very distinctively the work of Usher. Gary Usher had a predilection at this point for putting musique concrete sections in otherwise straightforward pop songs. He'd done it with "Fakin' It" by Simon and Garfunkel, on which he did uncredited production work, and did it so often that it became something of a signature of records on Columbia in 1967 and 68, even being copied by his friend Jim Guercio on "Susan" by the Buckinghams. Usher had done this, in particular, on the first two singles by Sagittarius, his project with Curt Boettcher. In particular, the second Sagittarius single, "Hotel Indiscreet", had had a very jarring section (and a warning here, this contains some brief chanting of a Nazi slogan): [Excerpt: Sagittarius, "Hotel Indiscreet"] That was the work of a comedy group that Usher had discovered and signed to Columbia. The Firesign Theatre were so named because, like Usher, they were all interested in astrology, and they were all "fire signs". Usher was working on their first album, Waiting For The Electrician or Someone Like Him, at the same time as he was working on the Byrds album: [Excerpt: The Firesign Theatre, "W.C. Fields Forever"] And he decided to bring in the Firesigns to contribute to "Draft Morning": [Excerpt: The Byrds, "Draft Morning"] Crosby was, understandably, apoplectic when he heard the released version of "Draft Morning". As far as Hillman and McGuinn were concerned, it was always a Byrds song, and just because Crosby had left the band didn't mean they couldn't use material he'd written for the Byrds. Crosby took a different view, saying later "It was one of the sleaziest things they ever did. I had an entire song finished. They just casually rewrote it and decided to take half the credit. How's that? Without even asking me. I had a finished song, entirely mine. I left. They did the song anyway. They rewrote it and put it in their names. And mine was better. They just took it because they didn't have enough songs." What didn't help was that the publicity around the album, titled The Notorious Byrd Brothers minimised Crosby's contributions. Crosby is on five of the eleven tracks -- as he said later, "I'm all over that album, they just didn't give me credit. I played, I sang, I wrote, I even played bass on one track, and they tried to make out that I wasn't even on it, that they could be that good without me." But the album, like earlier Byrds albums, didn't have credits saying who played what, and the cover only featured McGuinn, Hillman, and Michael Clarke in the photo -- along with a horse, which Crosby took as another insult, as representing him. Though as McGuinn said, "If we had intended to do that, we would have turned the horse around". Even though Michael Clarke was featured on the cover, and even owned the horse that took Crosby's place, by the time the album came out he too had been fired. Unlike Crosby, he went quietly and didn't even ask for any money. According to McGuinn, he was increasingly uninterested in being in the band -- suffering from depression, and missing the teenage girls who had been the group's fans a year or two earlier. He gladly stopped being a Byrd, and went off to work in a hotel instead. In his place came Hillman's cousin, Kevin Kelley, fresh out of a band called the Rising Sons: [Excerpt: The Rising Sons, "Take a Giant Step"] We've mentioned the Rising Sons briefly in some previous episodes, but they were one of the earliest LA folk-rock bands, and had been tipped to go on to greater things -- and indeed, many of them did, though not as part of the Rising Sons. Jesse Lee Kincaid, the least well-known of the band, only went on to release a couple of singles and never had much success, but his songs were picked up by other acts -- his "Baby You Come Rollin' 'Cross My Mind" was a minor hit for the Peppermint Trolley Company: [Excerpt: The Peppermint Trolley Company, "Baby You Come Rollin' 'Cross My Mind"] And Harry Nilsson recorded Kincaid's "She Sang Hymns Out of Tune": [Excerpt: Harry Nilsson, "She Sang Hymns Out of Tune"] But Kincaid was the least successful of the band members, and most of the other members are going to come up in future episodes of the podcast -- bass player Gary Marker played for a while with Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band, lead singer Taj Mahal is one of the most respected blues singers of the last sixty years, original drummer Ed Cassidy went on to form the progressive rock band Spirit, and lead guitarist Ry Cooder went on to become one of the most important guitarists in rock music. Kelley had been the last to join the Rising Sons, replacing Cassidy but he was in the band by the time they released their one single, a version of Rev. Gary Davis' "Candy Man" produced by Terry Melcher, with Kincaid on lead vocals: [Excerpt: The Rising Sons, "Candy Man"] That hadn't been a success, and the group's attempt at a follow-up, the Goffin and King song "Take a Giant Step", which we heard earlier, was blocked from release by Columbia as being too druggy -- though there were no complaints when the Monkees released their version as the B-side to "Last Train to Clarksville". The Rising Sons, despite being hugely popular as a live act, fell apart without ever releasing a second single. According to Marker, Mahal realised that he would be better off as a solo artist, but also Columbia didn't know how to market a white group with a Black lead vocalist (leading to Kincaid singing lead on their one released single, and producer Terry Melcher trying to get Mahal to sing more like a white singer on "Take a Giant Step"), and some in the band thought that Terry Melcher was deliberately trying to sink their career because they refused to sign to his publishing company. After the band split up, Marker and Kelley had formed a band called Fusion, which Byrds biographer Johnny Rogan describes as being a jazz-fusion band, presumably because of their name. Listening to the one album the group recorded, it is in fact more blues-rock, very like the music Marker made with the Rising Sons and Captain Beefheart. But Kelley's not on that album, because before it was recorded he was approached by his cousin Chris Hillman and asked to join the Byrds. At the time, Fusion were doing so badly that Kelley had to work a day job in a clothes shop, so he was eager to join a band with a string of hits who were just about to conclude a lucrative renegotiation of their record contract -- a renegotiation which may have played a part in McGuinn and Hillman firing Crosby and Clarke, as they were now the only members on the new contracts. The choice of Kelley made a lot of sense. He was mostly just chosen because he was someone they knew and they needed a drummer in a hurry -- they needed someone new to promote The Notorious Byrd Brothers and didn't have time to go through a laborious process of audtioning, and so just choosing Hillman's cousin made sense, but Kelley also had a very strong, high voice, and so he could fill in the harmony parts that Crosby had sung, stopping the new power-trio version of the band from being *too* thin-sounding in comparison to the five-man band they'd been not that much earlier. The Notorious Byrd Brothers was not a commercial success -- it didn't even make the top forty in the US, though it did in the UK -- to the presumed chagrin of Columbia, who'd just paid a substantial amount of money for this band who were getting less successful by the day. But it was, though, a gigantic critical success, and is generally regarded as the group's creative pinnacle. Robert Christgau, for example, talked about how LA rather than San Francisco was where the truly interesting music was coming from, and gave guarded praise to Captain Beefheart, Van Dyke Parks, and the Fifth Dimension (the vocal group, not the Byrds album) but talked about three albums as being truly great -- the Beach Boys' Wild Honey, Love's Forever Changes, and The Notorious Byrd Brothers. (He also, incidentally, talked about how the two songs that Crosby's new discovery Joni Mitchell had contributed to a Judy Collins album were much better than most folk music, and how he could hardly wait for her first album to come out). And that, more or less, was the critical consensus about The Notorious Byrd Brothers -- that it was, in Christgau's words "simply the best album the Byrds have ever recorded" and that "Gone are the weak--usually folky--tracks that have always flawed their work." McGuinn, though, thought that the album wasn't yet what he wanted. He had become particularly excited by the potentials of the Moog synthesiser -- an instrument that Gary Usher also loved -- during the recording of the album, and had spent a lot of time experimenting with it, coming up with tracks like the then-unreleased "Moog Raga": [Excerpt: The Byrds, "Moog Raga"] And McGuinn had a concept for the next Byrds album -- a concept he was very excited about. It was going to be nothing less than a grand sweeping history of American popular music. It was going to be a double album -- the new contract said that they should deliver two albums a year to Columbia, so a double album made sense -- and it would start with Appalachian folk music, go through country, jazz, and R&B, through the folk-rock music the Byrds had previously been known for, and into Moog experimentation. But to do this, the Byrds needed a keyboard player. Not only would a keyboard player help them fill out their thin onstage sound, if they got a jazz keyboardist, then they could cover the jazz material in McGuinn's concept album idea as well. So they went out and looked for a jazz piano player, and happily Larry Spector was managing one. Or at least, Larry Spector was managing someone who *said* he was a jazz pianist. But Gram Parsons said he was a lot of things... [Excerpt: Gram Parsons, "Brass Buttons (1965 version)"] Gram Parsons was someone who had come from a background of unimaginable privilege. His maternal grandfather was the owner of a Florida citrus fruit and real-estate empire so big that his mansion was right in the centre of what was then Florida's biggest theme park -- built on land he owned. As a teenager, Parsons had had a whole wing of his parents' house to himself, and had had servants to look after his every need, and as an adult he had a trust fund that paid him a hundred thousand dollars a year -- which in 1968 dollars would be equivalent to a little under nine hundred thousand in today's money. Two events in his childhood had profoundly shaped the life of young Gram. The first was in February 1956, when he went to see a new singer who he'd heard on the radio, and who according to the local newspaper had just recorded a new song called "Heartburn Motel". Parsons had tried to persuade his friends that this new singer was about to become a big star -- one of his friends had said "I'll wait til he becomes famous!" As it turned out, the day Parsons and the couple of friends he did manage to persuade to go with him saw Elvis Presley was also the day that "Heartbreak Hotel" entered the Billboard charts at number sixty-eight. But even at this point, Elvis was an obvious star and the headliner of the show. Young Gram was enthralled -- but in retrospect he was more impressed by the other acts he saw on the bill. That was an all-star line-up of country musicians, including Mother Maybelle and the Carter Sisters, and especially the Louvin Brothers, arguably the greatest country music vocal duo of all time: [Excerpt: The Louvin Brothers, "The Christian Life"] Young Gram remained mostly a fan of rockabilly music rather than country, and would remain so for another decade or so, but a seed had been planted. The other event, much more tragic, was the death of his father. Both Parsons' parents were functioning alcoholics, and both by all accounts were unfaithful to each other, and their marriage was starting to break down. Gram's father was also, by many accounts, dealing with what we would now call post-traumatic stress disorder from his time serving in the second world war. On December the twenty-third 1958, Gram's father died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. Everyone involved seems sure it was suicide, but it was officially recorded as natural causes because of the family's wealth and prominence in the local community. Gram's Christmas present from his parents that year was a reel-to-reel tape recorder, and according to some stories I've read his father had left a last message on a tape in the recorder, but by the time the authorities got to hear it, it had been erased apart from the phrase "I love you, Gram." After that Gram's mother's drinking got even worse, but in most ways his life still seemed charmed, and the descriptions of him as a teenager are about what you'd expect from someone who was troubled, with a predisposition to addiction, but who was also unbelievably wealthy, good-looking, charming, and talented. And the talent was definitely there. One thing everyone is agreed on is that from a very young age Gram Parsons took his music seriously and was determined to make a career as a musician. Keith Richards later said of him "Of the musicians I know personally (although Otis Redding, who I didn't know, fits this too), the two who had an attitude towards music that was the same as mine were Gram Parsons and John Lennon. And that was: whatever bag the business wants to put you in is immaterial; that's just a selling point, a tool that makes it easier. You're going to get chowed into this pocket or that pocket because it makes it easier for them to make charts up and figure out who's selling. But Gram and John were really pure musicians. All they liked was music, and then they got thrown into the game." That's not the impression many other people have of Parsons, who is almost uniformly described as an incessant self-promoter, and who from his teens onwards would regularly plant fake stories about himself in the local press, usually some variant of him having been signed to RCA records. Most people seem to think that image was more important to him than anything. In his teens, he started playing in a series of garage bands around Florida and Georgia, the two states in which he was brought up. One of his early bands was largely created by poaching the rhythm section who were then playing with Kent Lavoie, who later became famous as Lobo and had hits like "Me and You and a Dog Named Boo". Lavoie apparently held a grudge -- decades later he would still say that Parsons couldn't sing or play or write. Another musician on the scene with whom Parsons associated was Bobby Braddock, who would later go on to co-write songs like "D-I-V-O-R-C-E" for Tammy Wynette, and the song "He Stopped Loving Her Today", often considered the greatest country song ever written, for George Jones: [Excerpt: George Jones, "He Stopped Loving Her Today"] Jones would soon become one of Parsons' musical idols, but at this time he was still more interested in being Elvis or Little Richard. We're lucky enough to have a 1962 live recording of one of his garage bands, the Legends -- the band that featured the bass player and drummer he'd poached from Lobo. They made an appearance on a local TV show and a friend with a tape recorder recorded it off the TV and decades later posted it online. Of the four songs in that performance, two are R&B covers -- Little Richard's "Rip It Up" and Ray Charles' "What'd I Say?", and a third is the old Western Swing classic "Guitar Boogie Shuffle". But the interesting thing about the version of "Rip it Up" is that it's sung in an Everly Brothers style harmony, and the fourth song is a recording of the Everlys' "Let It Be Me". The Everlys were, of course, hugely influenced by the Louvin Brothers, who had so impressed young Gram six years earlier, and in this performance you can hear for the first time the hints of the style that Parsons would make his own a few years later: [Excerpt: Gram Parsons and the Legends, "Let it Be Me"] Incidentally, the other guitarist in the Legends, Jim Stafford, also went on to a successful musical career, having a top five hit in the seventies with "Spiders & Snakes": [Excerpt: Jim Stafford, "Spiders & Snakes"] Soon after that TV performance though, like many musicians of his generation, Parsons decided to give up on rock and roll, and instead to join a folk group. The group he joined, The Shilos, were a trio who were particularly influenced by the Journeymen, John Phillips' folk group before he formed the Mamas and the Papas, which we talked about in the episode on "San Francisco". At various times the group expanded with the addition of some female singers, trying to capture something of the sound of the New Chrisy Minstrels. In 1964, with the band members still in school, the Shilos decided to make a trip to Greenwich Village and see if they could make the big time as folk-music stars. They met up with John Phillips, and Parsons stayed with John and Michelle Phillips in their home in New York -- this was around the time the two of them were writing "California Dreamin'". Phillips got the Shilos an audition with Albert Grossman, who seemed eager to sign them until he realised they were still schoolchildren just on a break. The group were, though, impressive enough that he was interested, and we have some recordings of them from a year later which show that they were surprisingly good for a bunch of teenagers: [Excerpt: The Shilos, "The Bells of Rhymney"] Other than Phillips, the other major connection that Parsons made in New York was the folk singer Fred Neil, who we've talked about occasionally before. Neil was one of the great songwriters of the Greenwich Village scene, and many of his songs became successful for others -- his "Dolphins" was recorded by Tim Buckley, most famously his "Everybody's Talkin'" was a hit for Harry Nilsson, and he wrote "Another Side of This Life" which became something of a standard -- it was recorded by the Animals and the Lovin' Spoonful, and Jefferson Airplane, as well as recording the song, included it in their regular setlists, including at Monterey: [Excerpt: Jefferson Airplane, "The Other Side of This Life (live at Monterey)"] According to at least one biographer, though, Neil had another, more pernicious, influence on Parsons -- he may well have been the one who introduced Parsons to heroin, though several of Parsons' friends from the time said he wasn't yet using hard drugs. By spring 1965, Parsons was starting to rethink his commitment to folk music, particularly after "Mr. Tambourine Man" became a hit. He talked with the other members about their need to embrace the changes in music that Dylan and the Byrds were bringing about, but at the same time he was still interested enough in acoustic music that when he was given the job of arranging the music for his high school graduation, the group he booked were the Dillards. That graduation day was another day that would change Parsons' life -- as it was the day his mother died, of alcohol-induced liver failure. Parsons was meant to go on to Harvard, but first he went back to Greenwich Village for the summer, where he hung out with Fred Neil and Dave Van Ronk (and started using heroin regularly). He went to see the Beatles at Shea Stadium, and he was neighbours with Stephen Stills and Richie Furay -- the three of them talked about forming a band together before Stills moved West. And on a brief trip back home to Florida between Greenwich Village and Harvard, Parsons spoke with his old friend Jim Stafford, who made a suggestion to him -- instead of trying to do folk music, which was clearly falling out of fashion, why not try to do *country* music but with long hair like the Beatles? He could be a country Beatle. It would be an interesting gimmick. Parsons was only at Harvard for one semester before flunking out, but it was there that he was fully reintroduced to country music, and in particular to three artists who would influence him more than any others. He'd already been vaguely aware of Buck Owens, whose "Act Naturally" had recently been covered by the Beatles: [Excerpt: Buck Owens, "Act Naturally"] But it was at Harvard that he gained a deeper appreciation of Owens. Owens was the biggest star of what had become known as the Bakersfield Sound, a style of country music that emphasised a stripped-down electric band lineup with Telecaster guitars, a heavy drumbeat, and a clean sound. It came from the same honky-tonk and Western Swing roots as the rockabilly music that Parsons had grown up on, and it appealed to him instinctively. In particular, Parsons was fascinated by the fact that Owens' latest album had a cover version of a Drifters song on it -- and then he got even more interested when Ray Charles put out his third album of country songs and included a version of Owens' "Together Again": [Excerpt: Ray Charles, "Together Again"] This suggested to Parsons that country music and the R&B he'd been playing previously might not quite be so far apart as he'd thought. At Harvard, Parsons was also introduced to the work of another Bakersfield musician, who like Owens was produced by Ken Nelson, who also produced the Louvin Brothers' records, and who we heard about in previous episodes as he produced Gene Vincent and Wanda Jackson. Merle Haggard had only had one big hit at the time, "(My Friends Are Gonna Be) Strangers": [Excerpt: Merle Haggard, "(My Friends are Gonna Be) Strangers"] But he was about to start a huge run of country hits that would see every single he released for the next twelve years make the country top ten, most of them making number one. Haggard would be one of the biggest stars in country music, but he was also to be arguably the country musician with the biggest influence on rock music since Johnny Cash, and his songs would soon start to be covered by everyone from the Grateful Dead to the Everly Brothers to the Beach Boys. And the third artist that Parsons was introduced to was someone who, in most popular narratives of country music, is set up in opposition to Haggard and Owens, because they were representatives of the Bakersfield Sound while he was the epitome of the Nashville Sound to which the Bakersfield Sound is placed in opposition, George Jones. But of course anyone with ears will notice huge similarities in the vocal styles of Jones, Haggard, and Owens: [Excerpt: George Jones, "The Race is On"] Owens, Haggard, and Jones are all somewhat outside the scope of this series, but are seriously important musicians in country music. I would urge anyone who's interested in them to check out Tyler Mahan Coe's podcast Cocaine and Rhinestones, season one of which has episodes on Haggard and Owens, as well as on the Louvin Brothers who I also mentioned earlier, and season two of which is entirely devoted to Jones. When he dropped out of Harvard after one semester, Parsons was still mostly under the thrall of the Greenwich Village folkies -- there's a recording of him made over Christmas 1965 that includes his version of "Another Side of This Life": [Excerpt: Gram Parsons, "Another Side of This Life"] But he was encouraged to go further in the country direction by John Nuese (and I hope that's the correct pronunciation – I haven't been able to find any recordings mentioning his name), who had introduced him to this music and who also played guitar. Parsons, Neuse, bass player Ian Dunlop and drummer Mickey Gauvin formed a band that was originally called Gram Parsons and the Like. They soon changed their name though, inspired by an Our Gang short in which the gang became a band: [Excerpt: Our Gang, "Mike Fright"] Shortening the name slightly, they became the International Submarine Band. Parsons rented them a house in New York, and they got a contract with Goldstar Records, and released a couple of singles. The first of them, "The Russians are Coming, The Russians are Coming" was a cover of the theme to a comedy film that came out around that time, and is not especially interesting: [Excerpt: The International Submarine Band, "The Russians are Coming, The Russians are Coming"] The second single is more interesting. "Sum Up Broke" is a song by Parsons and Neuse, and shows a lot of influence from the Byrds: [Excerpt: The international Submarine Band, "Sum Up Broke"] While in New York with the International Submarine Band, Parsons made another friend in the music business. Barry Tashian was the lead singer of a band called the Remains, who had put out a couple of singles: [Excerpt: The Remains, "Why Do I Cry?"] The Remains are now best known for having been on the bill on the Beatles' last ever tour, including playing as support on their last ever show at Candlestick Park, but they split up before their first album came out. After spending most of 1966 in New York, Parsons decided that he needed to move the International Submarine Band out to LA. There were two reasons for this. The first was his friend Brandon DeWilde, an actor who had been a child star in the fifties -- it's him at the end of Shane -- who was thinking of pursuing a musical career. DeWilde was still making TV appearances, but he was also a singer -- John Nuese said that DeWilde sang harmony with Parsons better than anyone except Emmylou Harris -- and he had recorded some demos with the International Submarine Band backing him, like this version of Buck Owens' "Together Again": [Excerpt: Brandon DeWilde, "Together Again"] DeWilde had told Parsons he could get the group some work in films. DeWilde made good on that promise to an extent -- he got the group a cameo in The Trip, a film we've talked about in several other episodes, which was being directed by Roger Corman, the director who worked a lot with David Crosby's father, and was coming out from American International Pictures, the company that put out the beach party films -- but while the group were filmed performing one of their own songs, in the final film their music was overdubbed by the Electric Flag. The Trip starred Peter Fonda, another member of the circle of people around David Crosby, and another son of privilege, who at this point was better known for being Henry Fonda's son than for his own film appearances. Like DeWilde, Fonda wanted to become a pop star, and he had been impressed by Parsons, and asked if he could record Parsons' song "November Nights". Parsons agreed, and the result was released on Chisa Records, the label we talked about earlier that had put out promos of Gene Clark, in a performance produced by Hugh Masekela: [Excerpt: Peter Fonda, "November Nights"] The other reason the group moved West though was that Parsons had fallen in love with David Crosby's girlfriend, Nancy Ross, who soon became pregnant with his daughter -- much to Parsons' disappointment, she refused to have an abortion. Parsons bought the International Submarine Band a house in LA to rehearse in, and moved in separately with Nancy. The group started playing all the hottest clubs around LA, supporting bands like Love and the Peanut Butter Conspiracy, but they weren't sounding great, partly because Parsons was more interested in hanging round with celebrities than rehearsing -- the rest of the band had to work for a living, and so took their live performances more seriously than he did, while he was spending time catching up with his old folk friends like John Phillips and Fred Neil, as well as getting deeper into drugs and, like seemingly every musician in 1967, Scientology, though he only dabbled in the latter. The group were also, though, starting to split along musical lines. Dunlop and Gauvin wanted to play R&B and garage rock, while Parsons and Nuese wanted to play country music. And there was a third issue -- which record label should they go with? There were two labels interested in them, neither of them particularly appealing. The offer that Dunlop in particular wanted to go with was from, of all people, Jay Ward Records: [Excerpt: A Salute to Moosylvania] Jay Ward was the producer and writer of Rocky & Bullwinkle, Peabody & Sherman, Dudley Do-Right and other cartoons, and had set up a record company, which as far as I've been able to tell had only released one record, and that five years earlier (we just heard a snippet of it). But in the mid-sixties several cartoon companies were getting into the record business -- we'll hear more about that when we get to song 186 -- and Ward's company apparently wanted to sign the International Submarine Band, and were basically offering to throw money at them. Parsons, on the other hand, wanted to go with Lee Hazlewood International. This was a new label set up by someone we've only talked about in passing, but who was very influential on the LA music scene, Lee Hazlewood. Hazlewood had got his start producing country hits like Sanford Clark's "The Fool": [Excerpt: Sanford Clark, "The Fool"] He'd then moved on to collaborating with Lester Sill, producing a series of hits for Duane Eddy, whose unique guitar sound Hazlewood helped come up with: [Excerpt: Duane Eddy, "Rebel Rouser"] After splitting off from Sill, who had gone off to work with Phil Spector, who had been learning some production techniques from Hazlewood, Hazlewood had gone to work for Reprise records, where he had a career in a rather odd niche, producing hit records for the children of Rat Pack stars. He'd produced Dino, Desi, and Billy, who consisted of future Beach Boys sideman Billy Hinsche plus Desi Arnaz Jr and Dean Martin Jr: [Excerpt: Dino, Desi, and Billy, "I'm a Fool"] He'd also produced Dean Martin's daughter Deana: [Excerpt: Deana Martin, "Baby I See You"] and rather more successfully he'd written and produced a series of hits for Nancy Sinatra, starting with "These Boots are Made for Walkin'": [Excerpt: Nancy Sinatra, "These Boots are Made for Walkin'"] Hazlewood had also moved into singing himself. He'd released a few tracks on his own, but his career as a performer hadn't really kicked into gear until he'd started writing duets for Nancy Sinatra. She apparently fell in love with his demos and insisted on having him sing them with her in the studio, and so the two made a series of collaborations like the magnificently bizarre "Some Velvet Morning": [Excerpt: Lee Hazlewood and Nancy Sinatra, "Some Velvet Morning"] Hazlewood is now considered something of a cult artist, thanks largely to a string of magnificent orchestral country-pop solo albums he recorded, but at this point he was one of the hottest people in the music industry. He wasn't offering to produce the International Submarine Band himself -- that was going to be his partner, Suzi Jane Hokom -- but Parsons thought it was better to sign for less money to a label that was run by someone with a decade-long string of massive hit records than for more money to a label that had put out one record about a cartoon moose. So the group split up. Dunlop and Gauvin went off to form another band, with Barry Tashian -- and legend has it that one of the first times Gram Parsons visited the Byrds in the studio, he mentioned the name of that band, The Flying Burrito Brothers, and that was the inspiration for the Byrds titling their album The Notorious Byrd Brothers. Parsons and Nuese, on the other hand, formed a new lineup of The International Submarine Band, with bass player Chris Ethridge, drummer John Corneal, who Parsons had first played with in The Legends, and guitarist Bob Buchanan, a former member of the New Christy Minstrels who Parsons had been performing with as a duo after they'd met through Fred Neil. The International Submarine Band recorded an album, Safe At Home, which is now often called the first country-rock album -- though as we've said so often, there's no first anything. That album was a mixture of cover versions of songs by people like Johnny Cash and Merle Haggard: [Excerpt: The International Submarine Band, "I Must Be Somebody Else You've Known"] And Parsons originals, like "Do You Know How It Feels To Be Lonesome?", which he cowrote with Barry Goldberg of the Electric Flag: [Excerpt: The International Submarine Band, "Do You Know How It Feels To Be Lonesome?"] But the recording didn't go smoothly. In particular, Corneal realised he'd been hoodwinked. Parsons had told him, when persuading him to move West, that he'd be able to sing on the record and that some of his songs would be used. But while the record was credited to The International Submarine Band, everyone involved agrees that it was actually a Gram Parsons solo album by any other name -- he was in charge, he wouldn't let other members' songs on the record, and he didn't let Corneal sing as he'd promised. And then, before the album could be released, he was off. The Byrds wanted a jazz keyboard player, and Parsons could fake being one long enough to get the gig. The Byrds had got rid of one rich kid with a giant ego who wanted to take control of everything and thought his undeniable talent excused his attempts at dominating the group, and replaced him with another one -- who also happened to be signed to another record label. We'll see how well that worked out for them in two weeks' time.
Dr. Fardink shares the latest in eye care news and trends. Learn about Omega-3s on Diabetic Retinopathy, Smart Contact Lenses, Corneal Endothelial Cell Therapy, and More.
For this third and final episode recorded at ARM's 2023 Meeting on the Mesa, Cell & Gene: The Podcast Host, Erin Harris, sat down with Greg Kunst, president, CEO, and Board member at Aurion Biotech. Listen in as they discuss the cell therapy used to treat corneal endothelial disease and how Greg navigated the event as a first-timer attending Meeting on the Mesa.
It's the Ranch It Up Radio Show. We dive into our discussions on Pinkeye and how to treat it. We have lots of news you need to hear, cattle sale updates, cattle for sale, and sale reports, and this week's top hand. Join Jeff 'Tigger' Erhardt, the Boss Lady Rebecca Wanner aka 'BEC', and our crew as we bring you the latest in markets, news, and Western entertainment on this all-new episode of the Ranch It Up Radio Show. Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcasting app or on the Ranch It Up Radio Show YouTube Channel. EPISODE 159 DETAILS Some say that Pinkeye is just a necessary evil that we have to face in the cattle business, or is it? We are joined again today by Dr. Jeff Sarchet with Zoetis to discuss how to treat pinkeye. There are many options from the vaccine to treating the injected eye. We share out winner of the Ranch It Up Radio Show Top Hand along with a market recap and updates from Stockmen's Livestock Exchange and the Producers Livestock Marketing Association and cattle for sale on LivestockMarket.com. Plus, the weekly market recap with Kirk Donsbach with Stone X Financial, Inc. We have it all for you in this jam-packed episode of The Ranch It Up Radio Show! As always Tigger & BEC and the Ranch It Up crew dive into the latest agriculture news, rodeo action not to miss, and cover the cattle markets. WHAT CAUSES PINKEYE IN CATTLE Preventing traditional summer pinkeye in cattle involves eliminating the many eye irritations listed in this report. Identifying and taking steps to resolve physical hazards in your operation, including face fly control, may be more effective than pinkeye vaccinations. Offer protection from the sunlight by providing adequately sized shade and allow cattle to graze at night when face flies are not active. Make sure mineral consumption is adequate months before the pinkeye season. Selenium, copper, and zinc are vital for maintaining eye health. Be vigilant and immediately isolate the first case of pinkeye. Seek a veterinary diagnosis. Develop a treatment and prevention plan with input from your veterinarian. WHAT IS PINKEYE The scientific name for pinkeye is infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). It is a disease of cornea (eye surface) and the conjunctiva (eyelids). IBK is reported as the most common cause of eye disease in all breeding females and calves more than three weeks old. It is second only to calf scours, the most prevalent condition affecting pre-weaned calves (Dewell). According to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the first clinical signs of any eye irritation, including IBK, is often tearing, tear staining, and eyelid squinting. Tearing often increases as the pinkeye progresses. IBK may suddenly appear as an opaque spot on the cornea, making early recognition difficult. Conjunctivitis is sometimes seen but not in every case. Corneal ulceration may occur as pinkeye progresses. Some cases of IBK spontaneously resolve. Others result in severe damage to the cornea and blindness. IBK is costly and labor intense to treat. Suffering cattle have decreased appetite because of pain or decreased vision and the inability to locate food and water. Cattle with scarred or ‘blue' eyes with prolapsed corneas, or blind cattle have reduced value at the market. ASSOCIATED PINKEYE FACTORS Normal eyes have adequate defense mechanisms to prevent infection and subsequent corneal ulceration. Any form of eye irritation allows pathogens to penetrate the cornea: Physical trauma from aggression between animals, overcrowded bunks, self-feeders; handling during transport; abrasive bedding, grazing close to field margins where thorns, barbed wire and tufts of dry stalks of grass can scratch the cornea; rust/corrosion and the sharp edges from galvanized handling systems and penning; tail switching especially when crowded together under shade Blowing dust and sand, weed seeds/chaff Face flies UV irradiation (bright sunlight) causes cell damage to the conjunctiva and cornea Chemical trauma, i.e. fresh nitrogen on pasture Other IBK associated factors include stress from shipping, processing, and insects which can all be immunosuppressive. Younger cattle are more susceptible to IBK than are older cattle. Cattle with white faces,except Brahman cattle, appear to have a higher incidence of IBK. Mineral deficiencies involving selenium, copper and zinc have been diagnosed in recurrent IBK herd outbreaks. MICROBIAL AGENTS INVOLVED WITH PINKEYE The eye has a limited number of ways to respond to disease or injury; clinical signs look the same for a variety of reasons. Since the 1970's, Moraxilla bovis is accepted as the most common cause of traditional IBK (‘summer pinkeye'). M. bovis is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with pili that allows them to attach to eye surface. M. bovis produces a toxin and hemolysin which play roles in pathogenicity. M. bovis can be isolated from normal eyes; asymptomatic carriers reside in herds. Other Moraxella species were identified as causing IBK, the first being Moraxilla ovis. Moraxilla bovoculi was next characterized in 2007 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostics. Since 2007, it has become clear that the vast majority of M. ovis recovered from bovine eyes prior to the ability to identify M. bovoculi would now be reclassified as M. bovoculi. According to the 2010 Iowa State University study conducted by Connor et al, M. bovoculi could be isolated with or without M. bovis from calves with IBK. Moraxella bovoculi and bovis were more frequently recovered from eyes with IBK lesions than unaffected eyes. M. bovoculi is often associated with ‘winter pinkeye'. Winter pinkeye is present year-round and occurs in stabled cattle. It does not appear to need physical trauma, or summer flies and UV light often associated with traditional ‘summer pinkeye'. Carrier animals may exist in the herd, with M. bovoculi residing in eyes, nasal passages, and vaginal tissues. Other bacteria isolated from IBK include Mycoplasma and other respiratory pathogens and Listeria monocytogenes (associated with silage feeding, called ‘silage eye'). Viral infections including IBR, BVD and the herpes virus which causes malignant catarrhal fever may also result in eye lesions. Abnormal growths involving the eye, such as squamous cell carcinoma, may also lead to eye injury. A veterinary exam is needed to accurately diagnose the cause of clinical signs. RANCH IT UP RADIO SHOW TOP HAND We are starting a new feature here on the Ranch It Up Radio Show. Each week a particular operation, business, person, outfit, bull, dog, it does not matter, is highlighted as Tigger & BEC approved, and they are the Top Hand of the Week. You can nominate any operation just send us an email of who or what you are nominating and why you are nominating. Today our Top Hand goes to the popular Facebook Group, Cattle Feeders, Stockers, Cow/Calf Discussion! Cattle Feeders, Stockers, Cow/Calf Discussion We use this group a lot to gauge what various people are asking for the cattle that they have for sale, especially those bred females. A tool in the toolbox and this week's Top Hand. COW COUNTRY AGRICULTURE NEWS NCBA Blasts USDA's Approval fo Paraguayan Beef SALE BARN REPORTS Producers Livestock Marketing Association Stockmens Livestock Exchange FEATURING Jeff Sarchet, DVM Zoetis https://www.zoetisus.com/beef/ @ZoetisBeef Producers Livestock Marketing Association Salina, Utah http://www.producerslivestock.com/ @ProducersLivestockMarketingAssociation Stockmen's Livestock Exchange Dickinson, ND http://www.gostockmens.com/ @gostockmens Shaye Koester Casual Cattle Conversation https://www.casualcattleconversations.com/ @cattleconvos Kirk Donsbach: Stone X Financial https://www.stonex.com/ @StoneXGroupInc Mark Van Zee Livestock Market, Equine Market, Auction Time https://www.auctiontime.com/ https://www.livestockmarket.com/ https://www.equinemarket.com/ @LivestockMkt @EquineMkt @AuctionTime Questions & Concerns From The Field? Call or Text your questions, or comments to 707-RANCH20 or 707-726-2420 Or email RanchItUpShow@gmail.com FOLLOW Facebook/Instagram: @RanchItUpShow SUBSCRIBE to the Ranch It Up YouTube Channel: @ranchitup Website: RanchItUpShow.com https://ranchitupshow.com/ The Ranch It Up Podcast available on ALL podcasting apps. https://ranchitup.podbean.com/ Rural America is center-stage on this outfit. AND how is that? Because of Tigger & BEC... Live This Western Lifestyle. Tigger & BEC represent the Working Ranch world by providing the cowboys, cowgirls, beef cattle producers & successful farmers the knowledge and education needed to bring high-quality beef & meat to your table for dinner. Learn more about Jeff 'Tigger' Erhardt & Rebecca Wanner aka BEC here: TiggerandBEC.com https://tiggerandbec.com/ #RanchItUp #StayRanchy #TiggerApproved #tiggerandbec #rodeo #ranching #farming References https://www.stonex.com/ https://www.livestockmarket.com/ https://www.equinemarket.com/ https://www.auctiontime.com/ https://gelbvieh.org/ https://www.imogeneingredients.com/ https://alliedgeneticresources.com/ https://westwayfeed.com/ https://medoraboot.com/ https://www.bek.news/dakotacowboy https://www.zoetisus.com/beef/ http://www.gostockmens.com/ https://livestock.extension.wisc.edu/articles/managing-and-preventing-pinkeye/ http://www.producerslivestock.com/ https://www.meatingplace.com/Industry/News/Details/112298
It's the Ranch It Up Radio Show. We answer your questions about what causes pinkeye. We have lots of news you need to hear, cattle sale updates, cattle for sale, and sale reports, and don't forget about our new segment where you, our listeners, get to cast your vote for the Ranch It Up Radio Show Top Hand. Join Jeff 'Tigger' Erhardt, the Boss Lady Rebecca Wanner aka 'BEC', and our crew as we bring you the latest in markets, news, and Western entertainment on this all-new episode of the Ranch It Up Radio Show. Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcasting app or on the Ranch It Up Radio Show YouTube Channel. EPISODE 158 DETAILS We have been spending a lot of time processing calves, giving pre-weaning shots and getting calves ready for their next address and destination. But interestingly enough, we have seen many herds battling Pinkeye. In fact many outfits are treating as many as 50% of their calves or more! Why is this? What causes pinkeye? Is it something that we are going to have to fight next year? We answer all those questions. Dr. Jeff Sarchet with Zoetis joins us to tackle the tough questions, specifically “What Causes Pinkeye”. We have lots of news to cover from meat recalls to internships. Congratulations to JYJ Red Angus of Columbus, Alabama on their first production sale, we have a sale report. Plus updates from Stockmen's Livestock Exchange, cattle for sale on LivestockMarket.com, and don't forget we have our new segment, “The Ranch It Up Radio Show Top Hand”! You, our listeners get to nominate a person, farm/ranch, business, product, horse, dog, etc, that does for our weekly Ranch It Up Radio Show Top Hand. Today, we reveal another winner. Not to mention the weekly market recap with Kirk Donsbach with Stone X Financial, Inc. We have it all for you in this jam-packed episode of The Ranch It Up Radio Show! As always Tigger & BEC and the Ranch It Up crew dive into the latest agriculture news, rodeo action not to miss, and cover the cattle markets. WHAT CAUSES PINKEYE IN CATTLE Preventing traditional summer pinkeye in cattle involves eliminating the many eye irritations listed in this report. Identifying and taking steps to resolve physical hazards in your operation, including face fly control, may be more effective than pinkeye vaccinations. Offer protection from the sunlight by providing adequately sized shade and allow cattle to graze at night when face flies are not active. Make sure mineral consumption is adequate months before the pinkeye season. Selenium, copper, and zinc are vital for maintaining eye health. Be vigilant and immediately isolate the first case of pinkeye. Seek a veterinary diagnosis. Develop a treatment and prevention plan with input from your veterinarian. WHAT IS PINKEYE The scientific name for pinkeye is infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). It is a disease of cornea (eye surface) and the conjunctiva (eyelids). IBK is reported as the most common cause of eye disease in all breeding females and calves more than three weeks old. It is second only to calf scours, the most prevalent condition affecting pre-weaned calves (Dewell). According to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the first clinical signs of any eye irritation, including IBK, is often tearing, tear staining, and eyelid squinting. Tearing often increases as the pinkeye progresses. IBK may suddenly appear as an opaque spot on the cornea, making early recognition difficult. Conjunctivitis is sometimes seen but not in every case. Corneal ulceration may occur as pinkeye progresses. Some cases of IBK spontaneously resolve. Others result in severe damage to the cornea and blindness. IBK is costly and labor intensive to treat. Suffering cattle have decreased appetite because of pain or decreased vision and the inability to locate food and water. Cattle with scarred or ‘blue' eyes with prolapsed corneas, or blind cattle have reduced value at the market. ASSOCIATED PINKEYE FACTORS Normal eyes have adequate defense mechanisms to prevent infection and subsequent corneal ulceration. Any form of eye irritation allows pathogens to penetrate the cornea: Physical trauma from aggression between animals, overcrowded bunks, self-feeders; handling during transport; abrasive bedding, grazing close to field margins where thorns, barbed wire and tufts of dry stalks of grass can scratch the cornea; rust/corrosion and the sharp edges from galvanized handling systems and penning; tail switching especially when crowded together under shade Blowing dust and sand, weed seeds/chaff Face flies UV irradiation (bright sunlight) causes cell damage to the conjunctiva and cornea Chemical trauma, i.e. fresh nitrogen on pasture Other IBK associated factors include stress from shipping, processing, and insects which can all be immunosuppressive. Younger cattle are more susceptible to IBK than are older cattle. Cattle with white faces,except Brahman cattle, appear to have a higher incidence of IBK. Mineral deficiencies involving selenium, copper and zinc have been diagnosed in recurrent IBK herd outbreaks. MICROBIAL AGENTS INVOLVED WITH PINKEYE The eye has a limited number of ways to respond to disease or injury; clinical signs look the same for a variety of reasons. Since the 1970's, Moraxilla bovis is accepted as the most common cause of traditional IBK (‘summer pinkeye'). M. bovis is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with pili that allows them to attach to the eye surface. M. bovis produces a toxin and hemolysin which play roles in pathogenicity. M. bovis can be isolated from normal eyes; asymptomatic carriers reside in herds. Other Moraxella species were identified as causing IBK, the first being Moraxilla ovis. Moraxilla bovoculi was next characterized in 2007 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostics. Since 2007, it has become clear that the vast majority of M. ovis recovered from bovine eyes prior to the ability to identify M. bovoculi would now be reclassified as M. bovoculi. According to the 2010 Iowa State University study conducted by Connor et al, M. bovoculi could be isolated with or without M. bovis from calves with IBK. Moraxella bovoculi and bovis were more frequently recovered from eyes with IBK lesions than unaffected eyes. M. bovoculi is often associated with ‘winter pinkeye'. Winter pinkeye is present year-round and occurs in stabled cattle. It does not appear to need physical trauma, or summer flies and UV light often associated with traditional ‘summer pinkeye'. Carrier animals may exist in the herd, with M. bovoculi residing in eyes, nasal passages, and vaginal tissues. Other bacteria isolated from IBK include Mycoplasma and other respiratory pathogens and Listeria monocytogenes (associated with silage feeding, called ‘silage eye'). Viral infections including IBR, BVD and the herpes virus which causes malignant catarrhal fever may also result in eye lesions. Abnormal growths involving the eye, such as squamous cell carcinoma, may also lead to eye injury. A veterinary exam is needed to accurately diagnose the cause of clinical signs. RANCH IT UP RADIO SHOW TOP HAND We are starting a new feature here on the Ranch It Up Radio Show. Each week a particular operation, business, person, outfit, bull, dog, it does not matter, is highlighted as Tigger & BEC approved, and they are the Top Hand of the Week. You can nominate any operation just send us an email of who or what you are nominating and why you are nominating. Today our Top Hand goes to the popular website Cattle USA! CattleUSA.com Watch cattle sales from all across the country. Bid and Buy online. Feeder cattle, fat cattle, horses, weigh ups. Market reports are available. Click back and forth between sales. Use it as a tool to gauge what you can expect for prices or what you can expect to pay. We are keeping a close eye on those bred heifer and bred cow sales that are getting amped up, on Cattle USA. A tool in the toolbox and this week's Top Hand. COW COUNTRY AGRICULTURE NEWS Nearly 15 Tons Of Tyson Chicken Patties Recalled. "Tyson FULLY COOKED FUN NUGGETS BREADED SHAPED CHICKEN PATTIES," featuring a Best If Used By date of SEP 04, 2024, and lot codes 2483BRV0207, 2483BRV0208, 2483BRV0209, and 2483BRV0210. The packaging also displays the establishment number "P-7211." New HPAI Outbreak Intensifies Across 14 States Angus Foundation Opens Applications For Internship Program SALE REPORTS JYJ Red Angus FARM OR RANCH JOB OPENINGS Leland Red Angus @lelandredangus FEATURING Jeff Sarchet, DVM Zoetis https://www.zoetisus.com/beef/ @ZoetisBeef Stockmen's Livestock Exchange Dickinson, ND http://www.gostockmens.com/ @gostockmens Shaye Koester Casual Cattle Conversation https://www.casualcattleconversations.com/ @cattleconvos Kirk Donsbach: Stone X Financial https://www.stonex.com/ @StoneXGroupInc Mark Van Zee Livestock Market, Equine Market, Auction Time https://www.auctiontime.com/ https://www.livestockmarket.com/ https://www.equinemarket.com/ @LivestockMkt @EquineMkt @AuctionTime Questions & Concerns From The Field? Call or Text your questions, or comments to 707-RANCH20 or 707-726-2420 Or email RanchItUpShow@gmail.com FOLLOW Facebook/Instagram: @RanchItUpShow SUBSCRIBE to the Ranch It Up YouTube Channel: @ranchitup Website: RanchItUpShow.com https://ranchitupshow.com/ The Ranch It Up Podcast available on ALL podcasting apps. https://ranchitup.podbean.com/ Rural America is center-stage on this outfit. AND how is that? Because of Tigger & BEC... Live This Western Lifestyle. Tigger & BEC represent the Working Ranch world by providing the cowboys, cowgirls, beef cattle producers & successful farmers the knowledge and education needed to bring high-quality beef & meat to your table for dinner. Learn more about Jeff 'Tigger' Erhardt & Rebecca Wanner aka BEC here: TiggerandBEC.com https://tiggerandbec.com/ #RanchItUp #StayRanchy #TiggerApproved #tiggerandbec #rodeo #ranching #farming References https://www.stonex.com/ https://www.livestockmarket.com/ https://www.equinemarket.com/ https://www.auctiontime.com/ https://gelbvieh.org/ https://www.imogeneingredients.com/ https://alliedgeneticresources.com/ https://westwayfeed.com/ https://medoraboot.com/ https://www.bek.news/dakotacowboy https://www.jyjredangus.com/ https://www.zoetisus.com/beef/ http://www.gostockmens.com/ https://livestock.extension.wisc.edu/articles/managing-and-preventing-pinkeye/ https://www.meatingplace.com/Industry/News/Details/112179 https://www.meatingplace.com/Industry/News/Details/112220 https://www.angus.org/Foundation/WhatWeDo/Youth/TalonYouth https://lelandredangus.com/ https://www.cattleusa.com/
This week on Knock Knock Eye, Will talks about how he goes about testing and checking your vision, before going into the pain that is involved in a corneal abrasion, how you diagnose it, and how you treat it — We want to hear YOUR stories (and medical puns)! Shoot us an email and say hi! knockknockhi@human-content.com Can't get enough of us? Shucks. You can support the show on Patreon for early episode access, exclusive bonus shows, livestream hangouts, and much more! – www.patreon.com/glaucomflecken Produced by Human Content Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Dave Taylor, Director of Business Development for Reichert, joins us on the podcast last week at Vision Expo West. We talked myopia, glaucoma, corneal hysteresis and more!
BUFFALO, NY- October 2, 2023 – A new priority research paper was published on the cover of Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 15, Issue 18, entitled, “Gene expression signatures of human senescent corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells.” In this new study, researchers Koji Kitazawa, Akifumi Matsumoto, Kohsaku Numa, Yasufumi Tomioka, Zhixin A. Zhang, Yohei Yamashita, Chie Sotozono, Pierre-Yves Desprez, and Judith Campisi from the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory aimed to investigate the senescent phenotypes of human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. “Here, we induced cellular senescence in human corneal and conjunctival epithelium using X-irradiation, and analyzed gene expression profiles of each cell type to determine the characteristics of senescent ocular surface cells.” The team examined cell morphology, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, cell proliferation, and expression of senescence markers (p16 and p21). RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to compare gene expression profiles between senescent and non-senescent cells. Finally, the potential involvement of senescent cells in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases was investigated. X-irradiated corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells exhibited typical senescence phenotypes, i.e., flattened morphologies, increased SA-β-gal activity, decreased cell proliferation, and increased expression of senescence markers, p16 and p21. RNA-seq analysis revealed substantial differences in gene expression profiles between senescent corneal (SCo) and conjunctival epithelial cells (SCj). Moreover, SCj were detected in pathological conjunctival tissues associated with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) due to Stevens-Johnson syndrome or chemical burns, potentially being involved in abnormal differentiation. “This study highlights the cellular and molecular characteristics of senescent ocular surface cells, particularly in SCj that show abnormal keratin expression, and their potential roles in severe ocular surface diseases and pathology.” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205113 Corresponding authors - Koji Kitazawa - kkitazaw@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp, and Judith Campisi - jcampisi@buckinstitute.org Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.205113 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, cellular senescence, cornea, conjunctiva, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, limbal stem cell deficiency About Aging-US Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways. Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com and connect with us: SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/Aging-Us Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Media Contact 18009220957 MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM
In this episode, P. Dee G. Stephenson, MD, joins Sila Bal, MD, MPH, to review a case of cataract surgery evaluation for a 72-year-old patient with a history of an unknown eye infection, astigmatism, and an anterior stromal scar. Dr. Stephenson outlines her approach to preoperative planning and evaluation for all patients and describes how she counsels them about lens options based on their individual needs.
In this week's issue: Segmental proton beam radiation therapy proves to be an effective and safe treatment for iris melanoma. E-cigarette and cigarette users experience significantly greater severity and frequency of ocular symptoms than those who do not use these products. Corneal sensitivity testing may prove to be an effective proxy for screening of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Early use of immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of peripheral ulcerative keratitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis demonstrates better inflammatory control, decreased recurrence, and improved visual outcomes.
Dr. Matt Feng interviews Drs. Koji Kitazawa and Shigeru Kinoshita about their research on endothelial cell loss after corneal transplantation from their Ophthalmology Science article, “The Biologic Character of Donor Corneal Endothelial Cells Influences Endothelial Cell Density Post Successful Corneal Transplantation.” The Biologic Character of Donor Corneal Endothelial Cells Influences Endothelial Cell Density Post Successful Corneal Transplantation Kitazawa, Koji et al. Ophthalmology Science, Volume 3, Issue 2, 100239
Dr. Cat Burkat, Dr. Mike Yen, Dr. Ilya Leyngold, and Dr. Andrea Kossler discuss the evolving technique of corneal neurotization in this episode of The Oculofacial Podcast. They explain how this procedure has revolutionized the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis, offering a viable solution to address the root cause of the condition. Our panel discusses everything from patient selection, surgical techniques and nuances, outcomes, potential complications, and further research directions in this field. They also emphasize the importance of early intervention and collaboration between ophthalmologists and subspecialists. Overall, corneal neurotization is seen as a game-changing procedure with promising outcomes for patients with neurotrophic keratitis. If you're an ASOPRS Member, Surgeon or Trainee and are interesting in hosting a podcast episode, please submit your idea by visiting: asoprs.memberclicks.net/podcast
Cornea specialist Dr. Travis Redd discusses the recent outbreak of extensively drug-resistant corneal infections associated with artificial tears and that has led to cases of permanent vision loss and death. Dr. Redd also reviews the challenges and risks of multi-use eye drop bottles. Since January 2023, the CDC, FDA, and state and local health departments have been investigating a multistate outbreak involving a rare, drug-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. As a result, the CDC has urged discontinued use of EzriCare Artificial Tears, and in February the FDA issued an additional warning about Delsam Pharma's Artificial Eye Ointment. For all episodes or to claim CME credit for selected episodes, visit www.aao.org/podcasts.
In this episode, I discuss corneal disease and treatments with David Eveleth, PhD, the founder, president and CEO of Trefoil Therapeutics. Brought to you by Alcon · Welcome to another exciting episode of Eye Care insider :14 · Intro David Eveleth, PhD :47 · Eveleth's background 1:05 · What's the treatment landscape now for corneal diseases and where are we falling short for patients? 2:59 · The origins of Trefoil Therapeutics 7:27 · FGF-1: Is it just important in the endothelium or is it also important in the epithelium? 11:47 · What is your current lead investigational candidate? 14:01 · When do you expect another read out of clinical data? 21:47 · An adjunctive therapy with cataract surgery 18:27 · What is the timeline of administration to patients? 19:24 · When do you expect a readout of clinical data? 20:49 · Is it possible to use this also for the epithelium? 21:39 · What are the most important challenges facing the ophthalmic industry? What is the most important factor to look for? 24:07 · For more information about David Eveleth, PhD, and Trefoil Therapeutics, visit www.trefoiltherapeutics.com 25:53 · Corneal disease can be fixed and better vision is possible 26:44 · Thanks for listening 27:04 We'd love to hear from you! Send your comments/questions to Dr. Mali at eyecareinsider@healio.com. Follow us on Twitter @Healio_OSN. You can find follow Trefoil Therapeutics on Twitter @TrefoilThera. David Eveleth, PhD, is the president and CEO of Trefoil Therapeutics. Disclosures: Eveleth is the founder, CEO and shareholder of Trefoil Therapeutics. Mali reports he is founder and CEO of Mali Enterprises; retina medical director at Macular Degeneration Association; consultant/speaker for Genentech and Roche; equity owner for SNAPS; and grant/consultant for RetinAI.
Today we review five causes of peripheral corneal thinning we should all know, and how to differentiate between them.
View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Episode Description: Steven Dell is an ophthalmologist, current Medical Director of Dell Laser Consultants, and a leader in refractive eye surgery with over 20 patents to his name. In this episode, Steven explains the anatomy and functional mechanics of the eye and how they relate to common variations in vision. He discusses changes in vision that occur with aging, the fundamentals of different types of vision loss, and provides an in-depth look into the various treatments and procedures available for corrective eye surgery. Additionally, Steven explains how one might protect the eyes and prevent vision loss—a topic particularly important for children in light of the epidemic of myopia. We discuss: Why Steven chose ophthalmology, and the crossovers to other medical disciplines [3:45]; Anatomy of the eye, common types of vision loss, and age-related vision changes [14:15]; Eye drops that can potentially improve vision [27:30]; The explanation for different eye colors [33:15]; Physiology of the eye and its connections to the brain [34:45]; Understanding human vision through an evolutionary lens [41:00]; Enhancing vision beyond 20/20 [47:00]; Astigmatism: definition, cause, and high prevalence [51:30]; Nearsightedness (myopia): causes, epidemic in children, and prevention strategies [54:15]; Cataracts: impact of aging and how they can be repaired [1:05:00]; Lens implants that can correct and improve vision [1:19:30]; Effects of eye trauma [1:26:45]; Corneal abrasion from ‘dry eye': causes, treatment, and prevention strategies [1:29:00]; Sunglasses for eye protection [1:35:00]; Solutions to correct nearsightedness [1:42:00]; Laser eye surgery—photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) [1:45:45]; Laser eye surgery—LASIK [2:02:00]; Laser eye surgery—small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) [2:11:45]; Glaucoma: definition, causes, symptoms, and care [2:13:45]; Tips for preserving eye health [2:20:00]; Screen time and eye health [2:24:15]; Contact lenses: good hygiene and considerations [2:27:45]; A bonus benefit from repairing cataracts [2:29:00]; Questions about corrective eye surgery [2:31:30]; How an eye exam can be a window into metabolic illness [2:33:45]; and More. Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube
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