Podcasts about ccus

Nunatsiavut's deputy minister of Lands and Natural Resources Jim Goudie says the NMCA off Torngat Mountains National Park is still on track to be the first in NL + Hear from some of the students working on ways to store carbon under the seabed at MUN's new CCUS lab.

As India eyes its net zero targets, Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) is becoming central to decarbonizing core industries like steel, cement, and petrochemicals. While the technology holds immense promise, its adoption in India remains limited—hindered by cost concerns and lack of policy clarity.To understand the road ahead, we spoke with Mr. Atanu Mukherjee, CEO of Dastur Energy. From shaping early internet technologies to leading CCUS innovation in India, Mr. Atanu Mukherjee shares a compelling perspective on the need for supportive policies, financing models, and industry-wide collaboration to scale CCUS in India's energy transition.Full transcript of the episode is available in EnglishPresented by 101ReportersAtanu Mukherjee is on TwitterFollow TIEH podcast on Twitter, Linkedin & YouTubeOur hosts, Shreya Jai on Twitter, Linkedin & Dr. Sandeep Pai on Twitter, Linkedin

Wyzwaniem dla krajów Bałtyku jest ograniczanie trudno redukowalnych emisji z rozproszonych zakładów przemysłowych. Rozwiązaniem o dużym potencjale może być budowa specjalnych magazynów i składowanie dwutlenku węgla na dnie Bałtyku. W te założenia wpisuje się też nowa strategia Grupy ORLEN, która zakłada zbudowanie zdolności w zakresie usług wychwytu, transportu i magazynowania o potencjale 4 mln ton CO2. Na ile jest to rozwiązanie bezpieczne i sprawdzone? Zapytaliśmy dr inż. Pawła Gładysza z Wydział Energetyki i Paliw Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej w Krakowie, przedstawiciela stowarzyszenia CCUS Poland.

#3 The case for CCUS in EU industrial decarbonisation with Christopher Jones by Florence School of Regulation

“If you don't think in 15 years that we're going to value decarbonisation, or if you're worried about the 45Q, it's pretty tough to write that multi-billion dollar cheque,” says Peter Findlay, Director of CCUS Economics at Wood Mackenzie. In this week's Interchange Recharged, Peter sits down again with host Sylvia Leyva Martinez to look at the challenges for new CCUS projects. It's tough, as Peter says, because of the regulatory frameworks, financial mechanisms and incentives that currently exist in the US. To look at these and go deep on the legal barriers for CCUS deployment, Peter and Sylvia are also joined by Liz McGinley, partner at Bracewell Law Firm. Liz leads the firm's tax practice and the energy transition team, and is renowned for her expertise in carbon capture and IRA tax credits. Liz discusses the intricate details of tax credits and regulatory updates while Peter reflects on the financial challenges of decarbonisation projects. In this episode:What will future legislative shifts mean for the industry's growth? How might regulatory shifts under the Trump administration impact clean energy and CCUS projects, including potential changes to clean hydrogen, fuels, and power regulations?How do the costs and complexities of pre-combustion and post-combustion CCUS projects differ, and how are financial incentives structured for each?For more detailed analyis, check out the Lens reports from Wood Mac. Lens is a data analytics platform with sector-specific insights to help you power your Business Intelligence tools. Find it at woodmac.com/lensSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Who will pay for industrial products with low or no carbon footprint? Received wisdom is that people won't pay a green premium, and yet consumers and many manufacturers further down value chains are keen to have access to products that don't carry high co2 intensity and see value in the environmental benefits of those products. So where these markets exist, albeit nascent, what levers exist that can help it take shape and come to scale?  Join Alex Cameron, CEO of Decarb Connect and Jakob Krummenacher, Vice President of Clean Energy at LSB, for a discussion about how LSB is working both directly with existing clients and through extended value chains to create certified products that have a value and a client base willing to pay it.  Here's just some of the discussion highlights;  What is driving LSB to create low carbon ammonia and downstream products?How do projects like the EL Dorado CCS project and Houston Ship Channel blue ammonia project play into this workCarbon intensity certification – the goal and process for securing independent certificationWhat does it mean to work through the end-to-end value chain to identify partners and future buyers?How to price the reduction in carbon intensity and the different routes and scenarios delivering low and lower carbon intensity products Jakob Krummenacher brings many years of experience in chem and fertilizer markets and in this video podcast we think you'll also see the trader's brain that he developed in his early career as an oil trader.  If you're looking for inspiration and insights into how we get past the mental block of marketing a green premium, especially in industrial products, then this is the conversation for you.  Show links: -          Connect with Jakob Krummenacher, LSB-          Connect with Alex Cameron, Decarb Connect (and maybe even suggest a podcast discussion theme)-          If you enjoyed this conversation, find out about our portfolio of events in US, Canada, UK and Europe – or explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), and learn why hundreds of members from the energy-intensive sectors have joined to find their peers, identify the right solutions and to create high value collaborations that will deliver co2 reductions in our most critical industries. It's the fastest growing network of its kind, so come and find out why Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Learn more about Decarb ConnectOur global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors. We events coming up in Houston, London, Amsterdam, Boston, Manchester and the opportunity to find the biggest brains in carbon management and your future collaborators. 

Episode ke-2 Kena Soal menjawab soalan-soalan yang dilontarkan oleh pendengar dan penonton Keluar Sekejap antaranya berhubung isu kuil Hindu, had tempoh Perdana Menteri, Akta Pemerangkapan, Penggunaan dan Penyimpanan Karbon (CCUS) 2025 dan Pusat Data di Malaysia.

As we close off March, time to look back at some of the top environmental news from the month past, with the co-founders of environmental journalism portal, Macaranga. Together we discuss some current legal disputes being played out in court involving Orang Asli communities, who are facing issues such as destruction of their ancestral land and cultural heritage. We also discuss the supposed pro's and con's CCUS, seeing as how the Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage Bill 2025 (CCUS Bill 2025) was passed earlier this month by the Dewan Rakyat. Looking forward to April – these second Semai & Tuai event will be happening at the end of the month, organised by Macaranga - Yao Hua and Siew Lyn share what's in store at this event for all.Image Credit: Shutterstock, RimbaWatch, MacarangaSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) is often presented as a solution to climate change, including here in Malaysia. But according to new research by environmental think-tank RimbaWatch, CCUS is not only ineffective at reducing emissions but is actively enabling further fossil fuel extraction, and could actually unlock a 1.3 billion-tonne carbon bomb. With billions of ringgit at stake and a CCUS Bill in progress, what are the risks, and what's the alternative? We speak to Adam Farhan, Director of RimbaWatch, to find out.Image Credit: RimbaWatchSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Support us on Patreon... Team LMSU are calling all Summerupperers to come join the expanded LMSU universe and support our Patreon! This year we are upping the ante and every fortnight the day after a regular episode drops, there will be a delicious, subscriber only BoCo episode. Because THERE IS TOO MUCH! Head on over to https://www.patreon.com/LetMeSumUp.—Your intrepid hosts construct another corner in the LMSU cafe and contemplate how the current geopolitics of it all have impacted the latest talks of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which met to decide the timeline and content outlines of their next (7th) assessment report cycle. That's right folks, it's IPCCC time! There was a cornucopia of climate contretemps at this cluster in Hangzhou and while plenty of that includes the US, it wasn't because of their contributions - they ghosted the talks altogether! Will they align AR7 to the next Global Stocktake in 2028? Undecided! Will there be a chapter on CDR and CCUS in the mitigation report? You betcha. And those are but a tantalising taste of the buffet on intrigues the IPCC folks served up.And now it's time to slip into some stretchy clothes and get comfy Summerupperers because the LMSU barbecue is firing up!Our main paperWhen a report titled “How The Sausage Is Made: Assessing Australian Policymaking Practices in the Energy Sector” from the McKell Institute and the Blueprint Institute appears on the a la carte menu, what's a hungry LMSU crew to do?This double-think-tank bonanza popped some banger energy policies into the meat grinder with some of the wurst to give us a recipe for how to make a better sausage. Sated? Barely! Room for more? Some gristle to clear out!Stick a fork in this one, we're done!One more thingsFrankie's One More Thing is: to tantalise our Summerupperers with the promise that we'll be covering the Federal Budget in our regular public episode for main course, and serving up some exclusive extra sizzle in our BoCo episode for dessert! Make sure you don't miss any of the juicy details and subscribe to our Patreon for the full Budget buffet!Tennant's One More Thing is: US mini-freakout over gas turbine cost/availability - does it mean anything for Australia? (Yes!)Luke's One More Thing is: Canada's impending election is getting wild! Riding a wave of anti-Trump sentiment, Mark Carney, former head of the Bank Of Canada and climate change advocate has won leadership of the Canadian liberal party and will take over as PM from Trudeau, despite not having a seat in Parliament! And that's all from us Summerupperers! Send your hot tips and suggestions for papers to us at mailbag@letmesumup.net and check out our back catalogue at letmesumup.net.

空の移動をもっと身近にしたいと思ってしまった4人のパパたち&1人のリケジョが、夜な夜なこっそり繰り広げる、eVTOL(=空飛ぶクルマ)に対する興味、好奇心、社会実装への情熱を語り合うラジオです。新シリーズ水素編、今回は水素のサプライチェーンについて解説です。そもそもサプライチェーンって？エネルギー分野ではどういう分類？っていきなり脱線、聖闘士星矢？ゴールド聖闘士？絶対零度の凍気？水素シリーズの脱線は遠慮ない！サプライチェーンは、つくる、はこぶ、ためる、つかう！原料の産出から、輸送、貯蔵、利用まで！石油や天然ガスと水素の違いは？水素には色がある？生成・産出方法で異なる色分け！その色なんと12種類？ブラック水素からホワイト水素も？無色透明な水素の豊富なカラーバリエーション！レッドもイエローもモブ扱い？主役はブルーとグリーン？大事なのは大気中に二酸化炭素を出さないこと？回収して地中に埋めるCCUS？理想は太陽光や風力などの再生可能エネルギーを使って水素をつくる？水電解で作ることが出来るの水素は世界中で生成可能？多様ルートでエネルギー源を確保？...などなど。水素の作るところから運ぶところまで掘り下げて解説します！！メッセージはこちらから https://forms.gle/mib37UcseFvpzyGa8関連リンク■三菱重工　脱炭素化の切り札：彩り豊かな水素https://spectra.mhi.com/jp/the-colors-of-hydrogen-expanding-ways-of-decarbonization■Youtube: Kawasaki:世界初の液化水素運搬船「すいそ　ふろんてぃあ」の試験を実施https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sicPPhKWv7c■経済産業省 資源エネルギー庁 水素社会実現に向けた取組https://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/category/saving_and_new/advanced_systems/hydrogen_society/SNSリンク ■X/Twitter https://twitter.com/evtolradio

Show Notes To celebrate Pet Dental Health Month, the Skin Flints team looked a bit further afield this month, exploring gum health and Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis with Hannah van Velzen. Chapter 1 – Understanding the Oral Mucosa and Inflammation (02:53) John welcomes Hannah, who introduces herself and her journey into veterinary dentistry, from her studies in the Netherlands to her current role leading the dentistry referral service at Fitzpatrick Referrals. She highlights the small but growing number of veterinary dentistry specialists in the UK. (05:46) Sue asks for a basic overview of the oral mucosa, as it plays a key role in CCUS. Hannah explains that gingiva surrounds and seals the teeth, preventing bacteria from entering the body, while mucosa covers the rest of the mouth. The mucogingival junction marks the boundary between the two and helps differentiate between gingivitis and mucositis. She describes the different types of mucosa, including lingual (tongue), palatal (roof of the mouth), alveolar (bone covering), vestibular (cheek and lip folds), buccal (cheeks), and labial (lips). These structures vary in thickness and function, with keratinized areas like the tongue and hard palate providing protection, while thinner, non-keratinized areas aid in saliva flow and bacterial clearance. (13:24) John then asks Hannah to define common inflammatory conditions affecting the mouth, including: Gingivitis – Inflammation limited to the gingiva, without mucosal involvement. Mucositis (stomatitis) – Inflammation affecting the mucosa, which is central to CCUS. Periodontitis – Inflammation of the structures supporting the tooth, which can lead to tooth loss. Hannah emphasises the importance of accurately defining oral lesions to guide diagnosis and treatment.    Chapter 2 – What is CCUS? How Can It Be Diagnosed? (18:43) John introduces Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis (CCUS), asking how it relates to previous terms like CUPS (Canine Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis) or contact mucositis. Hannah explains that CCUS was formerly known as CUPS, but the name changed as research showed that 40% of lesions occurred in areas without teeth, making the term "paradental" inaccurate. The condition is chronic, meaning it develops gradually rather than suddenly. (23:22) Sue asks how a primary care vet should determine whether a dog with oral ulcerations has CCUS or another condition, such as pemphigus vulgaris, lupus, or uremic stomatitis. Hannah acknowledges that many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases look similar and that no single exam finding confirms CCUS. She advises vets to follow key diagnostic steps: Perform a thorough dental cleaning and radiographs to rule out periodontal disease. Differentiate gingivitis (gum inflammation) from mucositis (mucosal inflammation). Take a biopsy if mucosal inflammation is present, as periodontal disease should not cause mucositis. Look for "lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates" on biopsy, which strongly suggest CCUS. If the biopsy findings suggest CCUS, referral to a dentistry specialist is recommended. If results are inconclusive, a dermatologist may need to investigate potential autoimmune conditions. (27:33) Sue asks whether "kissing lesions" (ulcerative lesions where mucosa touches the teeth) strongly indicate CCUS. Hannah agrees that they are a key sign, but notes that plaque build-up can also cause similar inflammation. A dental clean should be performed first—if inflammation persists despite clean teeth, CCUS is more likely. (28:31) Sue then asks if certain breeds are predisposed to CCUS. Hannah confirms that small breeds and terriers are overrepresented, particularly: Cavaliers, Labradors, Maltese, and Greyhounds. Greyhounds are prone due to poor dental health and periodontal disease. Spaniels may also be affected, though this is not yet confirmed in literature. Some affected dogs have severe gingivitis and mucosal inflammation despite excellent dental hygiene, making CCUS harder to recognise. (31:33) John asks how easy biopsies in the mouth are Hannah stresses that biopsies should always be done under general anaesthesia for pain control and a thorough oral exam. She typically uses a punch biopsy, ensuring a portion of normal tissue is included to help distinguish inflammatory from autoimmune causes. She highlights the importance of sending clear photos and case details to assist pathologists in interpreting results. Additional tests like immunohistochemistry may sometimes be useful.   Chapter 3 – Treating CCUS: What Are the Options? (35:44) John asks how CCUS is treated and whether treatment varies by severity. Hannah explains that CCUS treatment is multi-step and includes: Dental Cleaning & Plaque Management: Full dental cleaning is the first step. Extractions are considered only for teeth that contribute to inflammation. In mild cases, cleaning + home care (brushing, antiseptics) may suffice. Home Management & Pain Control: Some owners can maintain oral hygiene, others cannot. Pain relief options include NSAIDs, paracetamol, gabapentin, or amitriptyline. Feeding tubes may be used in extreme cases for pain-free nutrition. Medical Management for Severe Cases: Two main protocols exist: Cyclosporine + Metronidazole (immune modulation & bacterial control). Doxycycline (low dose), Pentoxifylline (ulcer management), and Niacinamide (vitamin B3). The choice depends on vet preference and patient response. Long-Term Management & Research Gaps: Some dogs may eventually stop medication once inflammation is controlled. More research is needed to determine which cases respond best to which treatments. Avoiding full-mouth tooth extractions remains a key goal. (45:14) Sue highlights the lack of published research on CCUS and urges vets to seek specialist advice before extracting all teeth.

This week, we're joined by Todd Bush, an expert in carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), with decades of experience supporting oil and gas companies in their decarbonization efforts. Todd has founded and sold multiple companies and is now leading decarbonfuse, a daily newsletter tracking deal activity in carbon capture and industrial decarbonization.This conversation covers the current state of carbon capture, where the momentum is strongest, the biggest barriers to scaling CCUS, and how policy and investment shifts are shaping the industry. If you're curious about where the carbon capture market is headed and how it intersects with industries like ethanol, hydrogen, and steel production, this is an episode you don't want to miss!

With 2025 underway, we are midway through what is the most significant decade in tackling climate and the energy transition. Listen in to this conversation between Alex Cameron, Founder of Decarb Connect, and Ben Moens, Managing Director of Engie Impact, as they explore the progress, headwinds and tailwinds impacting industrial decarb. You'll get insights into 5 key technologies still set to impact industrial decarb, and also the route forward and expectations of where we will be by 2030. Key Takeaways: ·       How the shift in delivery and attitudes around industrial decarbonisation will shape the next 5 years·       The impact of the unforeseen crises of the 2020s and how we have responded to them ·       How a growing need to focus on climate economics is driving tech adoption and strategy ·       Renewables & electrification: there are strong fundamentals and momentum, but how can industrials manage market volatility?·       Nuclear: a clear shift in sentiment but when will meaningful contributions be possible? ·       Biomethane – a critical tool for many, but what active sourcing approaches will be needed? ·       Hydrogen – how has the hype bubble and contraction redrawn the future market? ·       Carbon capture - a niche solution which has gained substantial financial support ·       End-to-end economics in a value chain, and ways to manage the transition through the downstream willingness-to-pay and transition risks Show Links: -          Connect with Ben Moens and the team at Engie Impact-          Follow Alex Cameron on LinkedIn and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire.Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors. If you enjoyed this conversation, find out about our portfolio of events in US, Canada, UK and Europe – or explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), and learn why more than 200 members from the energy-intensive sectors have joined to share insights, meet partners who can accelerate their net zero plans and why it's the fastest growing network of its kind.      

Best Low-Carbon ETFs and Stocks includes reviews of two articles by financial analysts at the highly respected Carbon Credits organization. By Ron Robins, MBA Transcript & Links, Episode 146, January 24, 2025 Hello, Ron Robins here, welcome to my podcast episode 146 published January 24, 2025, titled “Best Low-Carbon ETFs and Stocks.” It's presented by Investing for the Soul. Investingforthesoul.com is your site for vital global ethical and sustainable investing mentoring, news, commentary, information, and resources. Now I'm having to record this podcast two days earlier than usual. But it is still filled with great, up-to-the-minute, informative articles! Also, remember that you can find a full transcript and links to content – including stock symbols and bonus material – on this episode's podcast page at investingforthesoul.com/podcasts. Also, a reminder. I do not evaluate any of the stocks or funds mentioned in these podcasts, and I don't receive any compensation from anyone covered in these podcasts. Furthermore, I will reveal any investments I have in the investments mentioned herein. Additionally, quotes about individual companies are brief. Please go to this podcast's webpage for links to the articles and more company and stock information. ------------------------------------------------------------- Best Low-Carbon ETFs and Stocks (1) Today, I'm starting with two articles on low-carbon ETFs and stocks from analysts at carboncredits.com. The first article is titled Top 5 Carbon ETFs for Sustainable Investing in 2025. It's by Saptakee S. Here are the picks and brief quotes from the article. “1. iShares Global Clean Energy ETF (ICLN) is a part of BlackRock and a top-performing ETF… Essentially, this fund tracks an index of stocks in the global clean energy sector. One important attribute of this ETF is its strict sustainability rules. It excludes companies involved in weapons, tobacco, coal, oil sands, and Arctic drilling. (It) currently manages assets worth $5-6 billion. 2. Invesco Solar ETF (TAN) known as TAN, manages assets valued between $3–4 billion… This fund focuses on solar energy companies, such as manufacturers, installers, and technology providers… TAN is based on the MAC Global Solar Energy Index. It invests 90% of its assets in securities, American depositary receipts (ADRs), and global depositary receipts (GDRs) listed in the index… 3. First Trust Global Wind Energy ETF (FAN) known as FAN, currently manages assets worth $2–3 billion… It's prospective for those managing wind farms, producing wind power, or making wind energy equipment. However, companies must have a market cap of at least $100 million, a daily trading volume of $500,000, and a free float of 25% to join the index. 4. SPDR S&P Kensho Clean Power ETF (CNRG) currently has assets worth $1–2 billion… It is managed by State Street's Investment Solutions Group and is built for long-term growth. With its focus on innovation and the clean energy sector, this ETF is a great option for those wanting to invest in the future of renewable energy. 5. Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF (LIT) gives investors access to the booming electrification, lithium, and battery technology sector. Their assets have a $4–5 billion valuation… The ongoing global demand for lithium and supply constraints make this ETF a promising investment in this sector.” End quotes. ------------------------------------------------------------- Best Low-Carbon ETFs and Stocks (2) Now this is the second article on Low-Carbon investments titled Top 5 Carbon Stocks to Watch in 2025. It's by Jennifer L. and also found on carboncredits.com. “1. Brookfield Renewable Partners (BEP) is one of the world's largest publicly traded renewable energy companies. With a clear focus on clean, renewable energy, Brookfield Renewable Partners distinguishes itself from many of its competitors by operating as a pure-play renewable energy company. This means that its portfolio consists exclusively of renewable sources of power generation, unlike other companies that often combine renewable energy with fossil fuel assets. As of 2024, Brookfield Renewable Partners diversified portfolio encompasses over 35,000 megawatts of operating capacity across various renewable energy sources. This extensive array of assets spans multiple regions, including North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, underscoring Brookfield Renewable Partners commitment to global renewable energy development. For investors seeking exposure to the renewable energy sector with a preference for established companies demonstrating stable growth and reliable returns, Brookfield Renewable Partners represents a compelling option. 2. Aker Carbon Capture ASA (AKCCF) is a Norwegian company specializing in carbon capture technology. Leveraging its expertise from the Aker Group, a global leader in offshore engineering, Aker Carbon Capture has developed modular carbon capture systems that are both cost-effective and scalable… With a solid financial foundation and strategic partnerships, Aker Carbon Capture is well-positioned to expand its carbon capture solutions globally. The aim is to contribute significantly to the reduction of industrial CO₂ emissions and support the transition to a low-carbon economy. 3. LanzaTech Global, Inc. (LNZA) is a pioneering carbon recycling company that transforms waste carbon emissions into sustainable fuels and chemicals through innovative biotechnology using gas fermentation. Through this process, industrial emissions—rich in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide—are converted into ethanol and other chemicals… The ethanol produced can serve as a building block for various products, including jet fuel, plastics, and synthetic fibers. With a solid financial foundation bolstered by recent capital raises and strategic partnerships, LanzaTech is well-positioned to expand its carbon recycling solutions globally, creating sustainable products from waste carbon. 4. Occidental Petroleum Corporation (OXY) is a major player in the oil and gas industry. However, in recent years, the company has been transforming itself into a leader in carbon management solutions.  Occidental has embraced Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology, which removes CO₂ directly from the atmosphere. In partnership with Carbon Engineering, Occidental is constructing the world's largest DAC facility in Texas, a groundbreaking project that will play a significant role in achieving global emission reduction targets… Occidental's approach is an example of how traditional energy companies are evolving to embrace sustainability. By combining its existing expertise in oil extraction with innovative carbon capture methods, Occidental is paving the way for a future where fossil fuel extraction can coexist with carbon reduction technologies. 5. Equinor ASA (EQNR) formerly known as Statoil, is a Norwegian energy giant that has diversified its portfolio to include renewable energy sources like wind power. It has also been at the forefront of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies for over 25 years… Equinor is a key player in the Northern Lights project, a pioneering initiative in Norway aimed at developing a large-scale carbon capture and storage infrastructure… Equinor has decades of experience in offshore oil and gas exploration. Its deep-rooted knowledge of energy infrastructure is key to its success in developing large-scale carbon capture and storage solutions. With the potential to store the equivalent of 1,000 years of Norwegian CO₂ emissions beneath the seabed, Equinor's initiatives are pivotal in supporting global climate goals.” End quotes. ------------------------------------------------------------- Best Low-Carbon ETFs and Stocks (3) Still, on the theme of energy-related investments is this article titled 3 Renewable Energy Stocks to Buy in 2025 and Hold for Decades. It's by James Brumley and found on fool.com. Here is some of what Mr. Brumley says about his picks. “1. Cameco (NYSE: CCJ) one of the planet's top suppliers of uranium, with access to plenty of high-grade reserves. Its two chief mining operations in Saskatchewan, Canada, are currently jointly capable of producing a total of 43 million pounds of high-grade uranium per year, but both could support more output at only marginally more cost… Do prepare for continued volatility from Cameco stock that reflects the continued volatility of uranium prices -- although maybe not quite as much as you might expect. Confidence in nuclear power as a clean source of electricity is slowly but surely improving, leveling out these swings. 2. Brookfield Renewable (BEPC -2.65%) (BEP -1.29%). (Yes, a second recommendation in this podcast.) If you feel confident that renewable energy as an industry is investment-worthy but you don't know where to start, consider a stake in Brookfield Renewable Corp. With it, you'll own a little of everything the business encompasses… There is one detail worth pointing out there. That is, this is not Brookfield Asset Management (BAM.TO), Brookfield Corporation (BN), or Brookfield Wealth Solutions (BNT). Although all of these companies are related, Brookfield Renewable is the only one with direct exposure to the alternative energy market. The others are simply involved in the management and marketing of Brookfield Renewable. 3. First Solar (NASDAQ: FSLR) First Solar stock is down nearly 40% from its June peak largely on concerns that President-elect Donald Trump isn't as supportive of solar power as his predecessor was. And maybe he isn't. The solar tax credits that boosted the business under President Joe Biden's watch are anything but guaranteed to last through Trump's tenure… The irony is that the analyst community is still calling for strong growth from First Solar regardless of who's occupying the White House. Last year's projected top-line growth of 29% is expected to be followed by 32% growth this year, followed by 21% revenue growth next year. Even producing half of that anticipated growth should shake this stock out of its current funk and rekindle a long-term advance.” End quotes. ------------------------------------------------------------- Best Low-Carbon ETFs and Stocks (4) And, yes, another analyst article on the renewable energy theme — but with a very different angle. It's titled 2 Renewable Energy Stocks to Buy in 2025 and Hold for Decades by Leo Sun on aol.com. It was originally published on fool.com. “1. NuScale Power (NYSE: SMR) produces the only small modular reactors (SMRs) that have been certified with a Standard Design Approval (SDA) from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Its SMRs can be installed in vessels that are just 9 feet (2.7m) wide and 65 feet (20m) tall -- which makes them much easier to deploy than larger nuclear reactors. NuScale's modular designs are prefabricated, delivered, and assembled on-site. That approach reduces the costs and construction time of a working nuclear reactor. Its current reactor clusters are certified for up to 55 megawatts of electricity… NuScale's stock has already surged nearly 650% over the past 12 months in anticipation of that approval, but it still trades more than 20% below its all-time high from last November. Analysts only expect its revenue to rise 4% to $24 million in 2024. 2. CleanSpark (NASDAQ: CLSK) develops modular microgrids for wind, solar, and other renewable energy sources. These microgrids can be deployed as stand-alone systems or plugged into existing energy grids, and they're used to funnel energy into storage systems, backup generators, and load management solutions. CleanSpark initially developed these green energy systems for other companies, but it evolved into a Bitcoin miner upon acquiring ATL Data Centers in May 2021. It upgraded ATL's mining facilities with its technology to boost their efficiency and demonstrate that it was possible to mine Bitcoins with low-carbon energy… From fiscal 2024 to fiscal 2027, analysts expect its revenue and adjusted EBITDA to grow at a CAGR of 36% and 22%... That makes it a great long-term play if you expect Bitcoin's price to keep climbing and the renewable energy market to keep expanding.” End quotes. ------------------------------------------------------------- Additional article not covered due to time constraints 1. Title: Start-up Bountiful Financial Launches Stock Indices Based on Religious Teachings & Believers' Real-World Experiences. Media release. ------------------------------------------------------------- Ending Comment These are my top news stories with their stock and fund tips for this podcast “Best Low-Carbon ETFs and Stocks.” Please click the like and subscribe buttons wherever you download or listen to this podcast. That helps bring these podcasts to others like you. And please click the share buttons to share this podcast with your friends and family. Let's promote ethical and sustainable investing as a force for hope and prosperity in these terribly troubled times! Contact me if you have any questions. Thank you for listening. I'll talk to you next February 7th. Bye for now.   © 2025 Ron Robins, Investing for the Soul

The future of carbon captureWith global emissions on the rise, the pressure to decarbonise is driving interest in CCUS (carbon capture, utilisations and storage) … but is CCUS a viable path to net zero, a temporary solution or a high-cost gamble that may simply just perpetuate the use of fossil fuels? Sylvia Leyva Martinez, principal analyst at Wood Mackenzie, sits down to talk with fellow Wood Mackenzie team members, Mhairidh Evans, VP, head of CCUS research and co-head of carbon management and Peter Findlay, director of CCUS economics, about the complex nuances of CCUS. The trio discusses policy support differences between North America and Europe, the impact of government incentives like the U.S. 45Q tax credit, and the need for community buy-in for infrastructure projects. They also explore potential pathways for CCUS growth, address obstacles and opportunities for technology advancement and speculate on whether a consistent global carbon price could be a game-changer. With insights into real-world CCUS projects and the market conditions influencing investment, the conversation highlights the factors that could determine CCUS's role in the energy transition. ——————————————————— Subscribe to the Interchange Recharged so you don't miss an episode on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Find us on X – we're @interchangeshow. The Interchange Recharged is brought to you by Anza Renewables. Are you wasting valuable time tracking down solar module information that quickly goes stale? Anza's revolutionary platform can help with up-to-date pricing, technical, risk, and domestic content data from 110 solar modules. Compare products in minutes and redirect your time to higher value work. Find out more at go.anzarenewables.com/woodmacSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this episode, Eva Musso – Head of Sustainability and Government Relations for BASF Canada, talks with Alex about why BASF Canada has had such a strong focus on employee and supply chain sustainability engagement programmes and the value of this activity to the business.  Sustainability cannot be the remit of just one person, but many companies find the scale of the issue and the busyness of staff can be a block to meaningful engagement. So have Eva and her team achieved great results?  We explore: How Eva's background in Government brought a different lens to the challengeThe context and goals for the engagement element of her sustainability strategyThe goals the Sustain YOU program and employee responseThe most innovative projects to come out of the Site Emission Reduction Challenge and why making it an employee-led competition made a difference·       How employee-driven programs shift the culture of sustainability within a global corporation·       How partnering with external organizations like Bull Frog Power & Iron and Earth, link to sustainability objectives ·       How to engage suppliers to align with BASF's decarbonization targets – and the role of BASF's digital application for calculating the cradle-to-gate Product Carbon Footprint (PCF)  For further links and information, check these links out:  Show links: -          Connect with Eva Musso on LinkedIn and explore the BASF Canada sustainability site-          Follow Alex Cameron on LinkedIn and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect-          Join Eva and Alex in Toronto where she will be speaking at Decarb Connect Canada (Toronto, November 2024)Recommended Links from BASF Canada:Bull Frog PowerIron and EarthPCF Clean Commuting Program Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  If you enjoyed this conversation, find out about our portfolio of events in US, Canada, UK and Europe – or explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), and learn why more than 200 members from the energy-intensive sectors have joined to share insights, meet partners who can accelerate their net zero plans and why it's the fastest growing network of its kind. (00:01) - Introduction (00:02) - Eva Background and Journey into Environmental Science and Sustainability (00:03) - Joining BASF (05:41) - Engaging Employees and Stakeholders in BASF's sustainability mission (07:35) - Measuring the impact of sustainability work (08:58) - The Sustain You Program at BASF: Its goals: education, engagement, and recognition. (11:28) - Initial Engagement and Statistics from the Program (13:49) - Corporate Engagement off the back of the program (14:52) - BASF's Site Emission Reduction Challenge (16:04) - The Impact of implementing an Emissions Reduction Challenge (19:24) - BASF's Decade of Action contest (20:20) - How this program motivated employees (23:00) - How these programs have fostered a cultural shift towards sustainability in the workplace (26:15) - Balancing corporate needs and sustainability objectives when engaging in external partnerships (29:17) - The principles of establishing successful partnerships: transparency, shared vision, and accountability. (30:25) - Maintaining relationships with partners for future projects (31:33) - Managing a complex supply chain: The strategies BASF employs to engage suppliers effectively for measurable sustainability outcomes. (36:07) - The importance of training sales teams to effectively communicate the benefits of sustainable products to customers. (36:29) - Lessons Learned in Stakeholder Engagement: Key takeaways from Eva's experience (00:39) - Final Thoughts and Advice

An "impressive" 500 million tons/year of capacity for carbon capture utilization and sequestration (CCUS) projects in the United States are on the drawing board, designed to trap emissions from natural gas and oil projects. Those ambitions, though, have been tempered by uncertainties that include permitting challenges and public opposition. NGI's Carolyn Davis, managing editor of news, discussed the status of the domestic CCUS sector with Enverus Intelligence Research's CCUS expert Graham Bain, who leads the subsurface group for the energy transition team. The supermajors – including ExxonMobil, Chevron Corp., Equinor SA and TotalEnergies SE – are bankrolling several big projects, mostly in Louisiana and Texas. As Bain explained, if all the U.S. projects now in the queue were to be sanctioned, it would require an overall investment of $73 billion, with nearly one-half poured into carbon technologies and nearly one-third into carbon dioxide pipelines. The challenges are big, but the opportunities are too, he explains.

NESTA EDIÇÃO. Produção em Sergipe vai começar depois de 2028, confirma Petrobras. Licenciamento é desafio para política energética, diz estatal. Shell vai tomar decisão sobre Gato do Mato em 2025. Competitividade “não é trono garantido”, diz Equinor. O desafio para calibrar oferta e demanda no mandato do biometano. Amazonas Energia transferida sub judice. Reino Unido anuncia plano para CCUS.

 In this episode Peter Dushenski, Managing Director of GlasCurtain (building materials producer), talks with Alex about the role that nimble and innovative companies can play in driving innovation and decarb activity by larger producers.  If you're someone working in a start up or SME you'll enjoy this as a clarion call for your work in the climate space – and if you're working in a larger business, its worth listening in to hear examples of how nimble companies are adapting products for the low carbon market.  The conversation explores what it will take to see more take up of greener/lower co2 materials in construction, how some of the seen and unseen barriers can be managed and GlasCurtain's own growth in this space.  Show links: -          Connect with Peter Dushenski and the team at GlasCurtain-          Learn more about range of projects Peter is involved in-          Follow Alex Cameron on LinkedIn and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect-          Hear Peter as he speaks at Decarb Connect Canada (Toronto, November 2024) Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  If you enjoyed this conversation, find out about our portfolio of events in US, Canada, UK and Europe – or explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), and learn why more than 200 members from the energy-intensive sectors have joined to share insights, meet partners who can accelerate their net zero plans and why it's the fastest growing network of its kind.      

邁向2050淨零或碳中和目標，全世界科學家和產業都卯足全力，加緊尋覓各種解方。其中碳捕捉、封存和再利用(CCUS)的發展，儘管眼前還有許多困境待克服，但仍是備受各界期待的新興科技。 如何將逸散的二氧化碳重新捕捉回來，甚至重新賦予新生命？目前主流的技術方法怎麼做？從實驗室到商業運轉之途又遇到什麼困境？國際間的發展進展、以及台灣的腳步，又走到哪裡了呢？ 本集節目中，台灣永續能源研究基金會(TAISE)董事長簡又新將引領大家解開CCUS之謎，期許台灣加速發展相關研究和產業，進而實踐淨零目標。 本文節選自中廣新聞網《當地球發燒時》廣播2024.09.28 節目。 #氣候變遷 #永續發展 #CCUS

"Geophysics can be used as a science tool to inform and engage the community and to give them the autonomy to make educated decisions." Dr. Julia Correa discusses August's The Leading Edge, which focuses on geophysics and sustainability. In this episode, we talk about: > How applied geophysics and seismic methods are a natural fit for ensuring safe and compliant carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects. > The importance of clear and effective science communication between geophysicists and stakeholders, including the public, regarding topics like CCUS. > How innovative technologies, like fiber optics, drones (UAVs), and machine learning, are being integrated into geophysical research and data acquisition to create more robust monitoring solutions for various applications, including sustainable energy. > How geophysics enables a carbon-neutral future, specifically in areas like geothermal energy, hydrogen storage, and lithium extraction. > The need for geophysicists to expand their understanding of sustainability beyond resource extraction to focus on how their work can positively impact the planet and inform the public. Julia concludes with a call to action, urging geophysicists to think beyond short-term solutions and embrace innovative geophysics applications for a sustainable future. She challenges the community to push the boundaries of the field and actively engage with the public to ensure a healthy planet for generations to come. THIS EPISODE SPONSORED BY KATALYST DATA MANAGEMENT Katalyst Data Management® provides the only integrated, end-to-end subsurface data management solution for the oil and gas industry. Its employees operate in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South America and are dedicated to optimizing the value of subsurface data, including seismic and well data. Katalyst enables clients' digital transformation of E&P data with digitizing services and digital transformation consulting. Learn more at www.katalystdm.com. GUEST BIO Dr. Julia Correa is a Research Scientist in the Energy Geoscience Division. Her research is focused on developing an intelligent seismic monitoring array for subsurface surveillance in energy-related projects (Carbon Capture and Storage, Enhanced Geothermal, Oil & Gas). She uses fiber-optic sensing and permanent surface orbital vibrators (SOV) to develop an alternative, cost-effective monitoring system. Julia is involved in the optimization of acquisition and processing flows, as well as in the development of new fiber-optic cable designs. LINKS * Visit https://seg.org/podcasts/episode-235-advancing-sustainability-through-applied-geophysics/ for the complete show notes and the links for August's The Leading Edge. SHOW CREDITS Andrew Geary at TreasureMint hosted, edited, and produced this episode. The SEG podcast team comprises Jennifer Cobb, Kathy Gamble, and Ally McGinnis. If you have episode ideas or feedback for the show or want to sponsor a future episode, email the show at podcast@seg.org.

Send me a messageHi everyone, Tom Raftery here, and welcome to episode 188 of the Climate Confident podcast. In this episode, I had a fascinating conversation with Michael Barnard, a climate futurist who's spent the last 15 years delving deep into the challenges and solutions around climate change.Michael and I discussed the often controversial topic of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS). We explored why mechanical carbon capture technologies, particularly those promoted by the fossil fuel industry, may not be the panacea they're often touted to be. Michael shed light on the stark differences in climate policies between countries with and without fossil fuel industries, highlighting how nations without such industries focus more on nature-based solutions like reforestation and wetland restoration.We delved into the limitations of direct air capture technologies, examining why they struggle to scale effectively and why they may not be the most efficient use of resources. Michael also discussed the challenges associated with oceanic carbon capture methods and how they can inadvertently harm marine ecosystems.One of the key takeaways from our discussion is the importance of prioritising emission reductions at the source. Michael emphasised the potential of sustainable construction practices, such as using cross-laminated timber, to both sequester carbon and reduce reliance on high-emission materials like cement.We also touched on the risks associated with transporting captured CO2, citing real-world examples that underscore the safety concerns.This episode is a deep dive into the complexities of CCUS and offers valuable insights into why focusing on emission reduction and investing in renewable energy solutions might be more effective paths forward.I hope you find this discussion as enlightening as I did. Don't forget to click follow on this podcast in your app of choice to ensure you don't miss any future episodes. Thanks for tuning in!Support the showPodcast supportersI'd like to sincerely thank this podcast's amazing supporters: Lorcan Sheehan Jerry Sweeney Andreas Werner Devaang Bhatt Stephen Carroll Roger Arnold And remember you too can Support the Podcast - it is really easy and hugely important as it will enable me to continue to create more excellent Climate Confident episodes like this one.ContactIf you have any comments/suggestions or questions for the podcast - get in touch via direct message on Twitter/LinkedIn. If you liked this show, please don't forget to rate and/or review it. It makes a big difference to help new people discover the show. CreditsMusic credits - Intro by Joseph McDade, and Outro music for this podcast was composed, played, and produced by my daughter Luna Juniper

In this week's episode, host Daniel Raimi talks with Andrew Waxman, an assistant professor at the University of Texas at Austin, about carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), a technology that involves the capture and storage or reuse of carbon dioxide. Waxman discusses the application of CCUS technology for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power plants and industrial facilities; the importance of the technology for achieving emissions-reduction goals; and the potential effects of the technology on local air pollution, particularly in communities along the US Gulf Coast. References and recommendations: “What are the likely air pollution impacts of carbon capture and storage?” by Andrew Waxman, HR Huber-Rodriquez, and Sheila M. Olmstead; https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4590320 “Special Report on Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage: CCUS in Clean Energy Transitions” from the International Energy Agency; https://www.iea.org/reports/ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions “City Limits: Infrastructure, Inequality, and the Future of America's Highways” by Megan Kimble; https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/711708/city-limits-by-megan-kimble/

In this episode, we have Mr. Debmalya Sen, who currently leads the World Economic Forum's global initiatives on Advanced Energy Solutions and is leading the Forum's work on Energy in India. Who better than him to address a few important queries regarding India's advanced energy solutions? In this episode, Rakshith and Debmalya discuss a variety of energy-related topics specific to India, such as green hydrogen, CCUS, energy storage technologies and many other nerdy advanced energy solutions. If you are an energy wonk, tune in to this episode. And should you make it through, Debmalya will provide a few sources so you can stay updated on energy-related news. All Things Policy is a daily podcast on public policy brought to you by the Takshashila Institution, Bengaluru. Find out more on our research and other work here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://takshashila.org.in/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Check out our public policy courses here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://school.takshashila.org.in⁠

Carbon Capture Utilization is a growing category of tech and in this episode Alex Cameron, CEO of Decarb Connect, talks with one of the most advanced disruptors in the space about how they have created a commercial business model for co2 recycling that creates real financial as well as climate value.  Seeing waste (in the form of co2 in particular) as a solution vs problem is the starting point – right now the team uses carbon dioxide emissions from any industry to lower the carbon intensity of concrete and more low-co2 materials are being unlocked through their work. Listen in to hear about their journey and these key takeaways:  What is the range of emissions that Carbon Upcycling can work with and what is their particular client focus?How do they see Industrial circularity developing and how do they fit into this? Dig into the economics of CCU ad how Carbon Upcycling complements CCSYou'll also explore their business strategy and the business model that aims at a true system-level impact and not just product developmentThe conversation also goes into the scaling of critical climate hardware and how Apoorv and team are getting through each stage of scale so successfully Here are some links and resources to enjoy as you listen to the conversation: -          Connect with Apoorv Sinha and the team at Carbon Upcycling-          Learn more about the tech, projects and plans of the team-          Connect with Alex Cameron, CEO of Decarb Connect and suggest a podcast guest or theme Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  If you enjoyed this conversation, take a look at the discussions about industrial decarbonisation taking place across our global event series. And while you're at it, explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), and see if this high-value membership could conntect you to the partners and answers you need in industrial decarbonisation. 

This week, we kick off a new series focusing on myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this first episode, we discuss the alphabet soup of premalignant hematologic conditions including CHIP, CCUS, and ICUS, before moving onto MDS and AML in future episodes.Episode contents: - What is CHIP vs. CCUS vs. ICUS?- What is the mechanism of hematopoiesis? - What is clonality? - What is a variant allele frequency? ****Have some time and want to make some extra money? Get paid to participate in market research surveys: https://affiliatepanel.members-only.online/FOC_24?utm_campaign=FOC&utm_source=email&utm_medium=email** Want to review the show notes for this episode and others? Check out our website: https://www.thefellowoncall.com/our-episodesLove what you hear? Tell a friend and leave a review on our podcast streaming platforms!Twitter: @TheFellowOnCallInstagram: @TheFellowOnCallListen in on: Apple Podcast, Spotify, and Google Podcast

Listen in to this conversation between Fred Clerc, Interim MD of Urban Future Lab (part of NYU Tandon School of Engineering), and Alex Cameron, Founder of Decarb Connect as they talk about the accelerator program UFL runs and its outsized performance results. UFL has welcomed 170 companies into its accelerator programs the last few years, and these have gone on to raise more than $2.5bn and have an 85% success rate.. great stats by anyone's measure.  You'll hear about the hardtech landscape that Fred and team focus on and what they have learned in the last few years about the drivers of success for climatetech. UFL works with early stage companies helping hem scale both the tech/IP of their solution, but also the commercial partnerships and business models they need to scale essential climate tech through series A, B, C and beyond.  Key topics: How can we overcome the blocks to scaling complex, but essential, decarb hardware solutions?Who should be stepping into the lead investor role?What are we seeing change in the approach of private and philanthropic capital?What changes and opportunities is Fred seeing in the investor community?With a focus on their c2v cohorts, what pattern is the UFL team seeing in the companies that are able to go beyond Seed/Series A and really get to scale?Examples of key tech that has been through the program and on to funding/scale success Show links: -          Connect with Fred Clerc and the team at Urban Future Labs-          Learn more about the portfolio of tech companies working with UFL-          Follow Alex Cameron on LinkedIn and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect-          Connect with Urban Future Labs across their social links: Newsletter Sign Up • Linkedin • Instagram  Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  If you enjoyed this conversation, join us at Decarb TechInvest in Boston (September 10-11, 2024) or take a look at the discussions about industrial decarbonisation taking place across our global event series.. 

Join Eduardo Gomez Mendoza, SVP and Head of CRH Ventures as he shares his perspective on how we can scale the most-needed hardware tech to deliver industrial decarbonisation.  Welcome to this special edition of the Decarb Connect podcast featuring one of the 50+ speakers at Decarb Techinvest. We will be exploring, through a few conversations, how we scale up (beyond series B) and truly commercialise the hardware tech that transform our most essential, but co2 intensive, sectors. Eduardo Gomez Mendoza, SVP and Head of CRH Ventures, took on the mission to launch and grow CRH Ventures back in 2022 – in this conversation we talk about how his and the team's focus has developed, along with his view of how we can scale the most-needed hardware tech to deliver industrial decarbonisation. We take a look at CRH Ventures' 4 main areas of interest - Decarbonisation, Water, Circularity and Productivity… important to the core business as well as their sustainability goals. It was great to hear about the 4 announced investments in companies helping to create more sustainable outcomes for industry, there is also a a strong pipeline with more investments due to be announced this soon. Listen in to get Eduardo's perspective on these points:Asset-heavy tech require significant capital to scale – can early tech show they can get the unit economics to work profitably at scale?What times of tech roadmaps and leadership team capabilities are essential for them?More capital is available for climate tech and hard tech and investors are more comfortable with asset-heavy businesses – but how are the expectations and needs of investors changing?The value in having strong technical and commercial teams around the world – what can CRH deliver that other CVCs may not?How are FOAK projects moving from plans to reality (with examples) Show Links: Connect to Eduardo Gomez Mendoza, Head of CRH Ventures and learn more about CRH VenturesConnect with Alex Cameron, Founder of Decarb Connect and find out more about our work with the leaders in industrial decarbonizationLearn more about Decarb TechInvest and the other speakers and guests joining Eduardo onsite If you've enjoyed this podcast –join us in Boston from 10-11 September 2024 for Decarb TechInvest.  Eduardo is one of over 50+ speakers from across the industrial decarb tech and investor space. This is the only event that brings both high quality investors (including Eduardo) together with best in class hardtech teams at Series B+. Join us and help drive the momentum and partnership models that will define the next decade of industrial climate tech expansion.  Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire.  

Marlene joins Gresh and Fauria to discuss her battle with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Merlene is joined by daughter Jen and Dr. Lachelle Weeks. Dr. Weeks is an Instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School and a physician-scientist in the adult leukemia program at Dana-Farber Cancer institute.  Dr. Weeks' clinic focuses on the care of patients with precursors of myeloid malignancies including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS). Her research focuses on understanding features of CHIP and CCUS that impact the progression to overt myeloid diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute leukemia.

Pradeep is a brilliant geneticist and Director of Preventive Cardiology, holds the Paul & Phyllis Fireman Endowed Chair in Vascular Medicine at Mass General Hospital and on faculty at Harvard Medical School and the Broad Institute. His prolific research has been illuminating for the field of improving our approach to reduce the risk of heart disease. That's especially important because heart disease is the global (and US) #1 killer and is on the increase. We didn't get into lifestyle factors here since there was so much ground to cover on new tests. drugs, and strategies.A video snippet of our conversation on ApoB. Full videos of all Ground Truths podcasts can be seen on YouTube here. The audios are also available on Apple and Spotify.Transcript with links to key publications and audioEric Topol (00:06):Well, welcome to Ground Truths. I'm Eric Topol and with me is Pradeep Natarajan from Harvard. He's Director of Preventative Cardiology at the Mass General Brigham Health System and he has been lighting it up on the field of cardiovascular. We're going to get to lots of different parts of that story and so, Pradeep welcome.Pradeep Natarajan (00:31):Thanks Eric, really delighted and honored to be with you and have this discussion.Eric Topol (00:36):Well, for years I've been admiring your work and it's just accelerating and so there's so many things to get to. I thought maybe what we'd start off with is you recently wrote a New England Journal piece about two trials, two different drugs that could change the landscape of cardiovascular prevention in the future. I mean, that's one of the themes we're going to get to today is all these different markers and drugs that will change cardiology as we know it now. So maybe you could just give us a skinny on that New England Journal piece.Two New Lipid Targets With RNA DrugsPradeep Natarajan (01:16):Yeah, yeah, so these two agents, the trials were published at the same time. These phase two clinical trials for plozasiran, which is an siRNA against APOC3 and zodasiran, which is an siRNA against ANGPTL3. The reason why we have medicines against those targets are based on human genetics observations, that individuals with loss of function mutations and either of those genes have reduced lipids. For APOC3, it's reduced triglycerides for ANGPTL3 reduced LDL cholesterol and reduced triglycerides and also individuals that have those loss of function mutations also have lower risk for coronary artery disease. Now that's a very similar parallel to PCSK9. We have successful medicines that treat that target because people have found that carriers of loss of function mutations in PCSK9 lead to lower LDL cholesterol and lower coronary artery disease.(02:11):Now that suggests that therapeutic manipulation without significant side effects from the agents themselves for APOC3 and ANGPTL3 would be anticipated to also lower coronary artery disease risk potentially in complementary pathways to PCSK9. The interesting thing with those observations is that they all came from rare loss of function mutations that are enriched in populations of individuals. However, at least for PCSK9, has been demonstrated to have efficacy in large groups of individuals across different communities. So the theme of that piece was really just the need to study diverse populations because those insights are not always predictable about which communities are going to have those loss of function mutations and when you find them, they often have profound insights across much larger groups of individuals.Eric Topol (03:02):Well, there's a lot there that we can unpack a bit of it. One of them is the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNA) as drugs. We saw in the field of PCSK9, as you mentioned. First there were monoclonal antibodies directed against this target and then more recently, there's inclisiran which isn't an RNA play if you will, where you only have to take it twice a year and supposedly it's less expensive and I'm still having trouble in my practice getting patients covered on their insurance even though it's cheaper and much more convenient. But nonetheless, now we're seeing these RNA drugs and maybe you could comment about that part and then also the surprise that perhaps is unexplained is the glucose elevation.Pradeep Natarajan (03:53):Yeah, so for medicines and targets that have been discovered through human genetics, those I think are attractive for genetic-based therapies and longer interval dosing for the therapies, which is what siRNAs allow you to do because the individuals that have these perturbations, basically the naturally occurring loss of function mutations, they have these lifelong, so basically have had a one-time therapy and have lived, and so far, at least for these targets, have not had untoward side effects or untoward phenotypic consequences and only reduce lipids and reduce coronary artery disease. And so, instead of taking a pill daily, if we have conviction that that long amount of suppression may be beneficial, then longer interval dosing and not worrying about the pill burden is very attractive specifically for those specific therapeutics. And as you know, people continue to innovate on further prolonging as it relates to PCSK9.(04:57):Separately, some folks are also developing pills because many people do feel that there's still a market and comfort for daily pills. Now interestingly for the siRNA for zodasiran at the highest dose, actually for both of them at the highest doses, but particularly for zodasiran, there was an increase in insulin resistance parameters actually as it relates to hyperglycemia and less so as it relates to insulin resistance, that is not predicted based on the human genetics. Individuals with loss of function mutations do not have increased risks in hyperglycemia or type 2 diabetes, so that isolates it related to that specific platform or that specific technology. Now inclisiran, as you'd mentioned, Eric is out there. That's an siRNA against PCSK9 that's made by a different manufacturer. So far, the clinical trials have not shown hyperglycemia or type 2 diabetes as it relates inclisiran, so it may be related to the specific siRNAs that are used for those targets. That does merit further consideration. Now, the doses that the manufacturers do plan to use in the phase three clinical trials are at lower doses where there was not an increase in hyperglycemia, but that does merit further investigation to really understand why that's the case. Is that an expected generalized effect for siRNAs? Is it related to siRNAs for this specific target or is it just related to the platform used for these two agents which are made by the same manufacturer?Eric Topol (06:27):Right, and I think the fact that it's a mystery is intriguing at the least, and it may not come up at the doses that are used in the trials, but the fact that it did crop up at high doses is unexpected. Now that is part of a much bigger story is that up until now our armamentarium has been statins and ezetimibe to treat lipids, but it's rapidly expanding Lp(a), which for decades as a cardiologist we had nothing to offer. There may even be drugs to be able to lower people who are at high risk with high Lp(a). Maybe you could discuss that.What About Lp(a)?Pradeep Natarajan (07:13):Yeah, I mean, Eric, as you know, Lp(a) has been described as a cardiovascular disease risk factors for quite so many years and there are assays to detect lipoprotein(a) elevation and have been in widespread clinical practice increasing widespread clinical practice, but we don't yet have approved therapies. However, there is an abundance of literature preclinical data that suggests that it likely is a causal factor, meaning that if you lower lipoprotein(a) when elevated, you would reduce the risk related to lipoprotein(a). And a lot of this comes from similar human genetic studies. The major challenge of just relating a biomarker to an outcome is there are many different reasons why a biomarker might be elevated, and so if you detect a signal that correlates a biomarker, a concentration to a clinical outcome, it could be related to that biomarker, but it could be to the other reasons that the biomarker is elevated and sometimes it relates to the outcome itself.(08:10):Now human genetics is very attractive because if you find alleles that strongly relate to that exposure, you can test those alleles themselves with the clinical outcome. Now the allele assignment is established at birth. No other factor is going to change that assignment after conception, and so that provides a robust, strong causal test for that potential exposure in clinical outcome. Now, lipoprotein(a) is unique in that it is highly heritable and so there are lots of different alleles that relate to lipoprotein(a) and so in a well powered analysis can actually test the lipoprotein(a) SNPs with the clinical outcomes and similar to how there is a biomarker association with incident myocardial infarction and incident stroke, the SNPs related to lipoprotein(a) show the same. That is among the evidence that strongly supports that this might be causal. Now, fast forward to many years later, we have at least three phase three randomized clinical trials testing agents that have been shown to be very potent at lowering lipoprotein(a) that in the coming years we will know if that hypothesis is true. Importantly, we will have to understand what are the potential side effects of these medicines. There are antisense oligonucleotides and siRNAs that are primarily in investigation. Again, this is an example where there's a strong genetic observation, and so these genetic based longer interval dosing therapies may be attractive, but side effects will be a key thing as well too. Those things hard to anticipate really can anticipate based on the human genetics for off target effects, for example.(09:52):It's clearly a risk signal and hopefully in the near future we're going to have specific therapies.Eric Topol (09:57):Yeah, you did a great job of explaining Mendelian randomization and the fact the power of genetics, which we're going to get into deeper shortly, but the other point is that do you expect now that there's these multiple drugs that lower Lp(a) efficiently, would that be enough to get approval or will it have to be trials to demonstrate improved cardiovascular outcomes?Pradeep Natarajan (10:24):There is a great regulatory path at FDA for approval just for LDL cholesterol lowering and inclisiran is on the market and the phase three outcomes data has not yet been reported because there is a wide appreciation that LDL cholesterol lowering is a pretty good surrogate for cardiovascular disease risk lowering. The label will be restricted to LDL cholesterol lowering and then if demonstrated to have clinical outcomes, the label could be expanded. For other biomarkers including lipoprotein(a), even though we have strong conviction that it is likely a causal factor there hasn't met the bar yet to get approval just based on lipoprotein(a) lowering, and so we would need to see the outcomes effects and then we would also need to understand side effects. There is a body of literature of side effects for other therapies that have targeted using antisense oligonucleotides. We talked about potential side effects from some siRNA platforms and sometimes those effects could overtake potential benefits, so that really needs to be assessed and there is a literature and other examples.(11:31):The other thing I do want to note related to lipoprotein(a) is that the human genetics are modeled based on lifelong perturbations, really hard to understand what the effects are, how great of an effect there might be in different contexts, particularly when introduced in middle age. There's a lot of discussion about how high lipoprotein(a) should be to deliver these therapies because the conventional teaching is that one in five individuals has high lipoprotein(a), and that's basically greater than 75 nanomoles per liter. However, some studies some human genetic studies to say if you want to get an effect that is similar to the LDL cholesterol lowering medicines on the market, you need to start with actually higher lipoprotein(a) because you need larger amounts of lipoprotein(a) lowering. Those are studies and approaches that haven't been well validated. We don't know if that's a valid approach because that's modeling based on this sort of lifelong effect. So I'm very curious to see what the overall effect will be because to get approval, I think you need to demonstrate safety and efficacy, but most importantly, these manufacturers and we as clinicians are trying to find viable therapies in the market that it won't be hard for us to get approval because hopefully the clinical trial will have said this is the context where it works. It works really well and it works really well on top of the existing therapies, so there are multiple hurdles to actually getting it directly to our patients.How Low Do You Go with LDL Cholesterol?Eric Topol (13:02):Yeah, no question about that. I'm glad you've emphasized that. Just as you've emphasized the incredible lessons from the genetics of people that have helped guide this renaissance to better drugs to prevent cardiovascular disease. LDL, which is perhaps the most impressive surrogate in medicine, a lab test that you already touched on, one of the biggest questions is how low do you go? That is Eugene Braunwald, who we all know and love. They're in Boston. The last time I got together with him, he was getting his LDL down to close to zero with various tactics that might be extreme. But before we leave these markers, you're running preventive cardiology at man's greatest hospital. Could you tell us what is your recipe for how aggressive do you go with LDL?Pradeep Natarajan (14:04):Yeah, so when I talk to patients where we're newly getting lipid lowering therapies on, especially because many people don't have a readout of abnormal LDL cholesterol when we're prescribing these medicines, it's just giving them a sense of what we think an optimal LDL cholesterol might be. And a lot of this is based on just empirical observations. So one, the average LDL cholesterol in the modern human is about 100 to 110 mg/dL. However, if you look at contemporary hunter gatherers and non-human primates, their average LDL is about 40 to 50 and newborn babies have an LDL cholesterol of about 30. And the reason why people keep making LDL cholesterol lowering medicines because as you stack on therapies, cardiovascular disease events continue to reduce including down to these very low LDL cholesterol values. So the population mean for LDL cholesterol is high and everybody likely has hypercholesterolemia, and that's because over the last 10,000 years how we live our lives is so dramatically different and there has not been substantial evolution over that time to change many of these features related to metabolism.(15:16):And so, to achieve those really low LDL cholesterol values in today's society is almost impossible without pharmacotherapies. You could say, okay, maybe everybody should be on pharmacotherapies, and I think if you did that, you probably would reduce a lot of events. You'll also be treating a lot of individuals who likely would not get events. Cardiovascular disease is the leading killer, but there are many things that people suffer from and most of the times it still is not cardiovascular disease. So our practice is still rooted in better identifying the individuals who are at risk for cardiovascular disease. And so, far we target our therapies primarily in those who have already developed cardiovascular disease. Maybe we'll talk about better identifying those at risk, but for those individuals it makes lots of sense to get it as low as possible. And the field has continued to move to lower targets.(16:07):One, because we've all recognized, at least based on these empirical observations that lower is better. But now increasingly we have a lot of therapies to actually get there, and my hope is that with more and more options and the market forces that influence that the cost perspective will make sense as we continue to develop more. As an aside, related aside is if you look at the last cholesterol guidelines, this is 2018 in the US this is the first time PCSK9 inhibitors were introduced in the guidelines and all throughout that there was discussions of cost. There are a lot of concerns from the field that PCSK9 inhibitors would bankrupt the system because so many people were on statins. And you look at the prior one that was in 2013 and cost was mentioned once it's just the cost effectiveness of statins. So I think the field has that overall concern.(17:01):However, over time we've gotten comfortable with lower targets, there are more medicines and I think some of this competition hopefully will drive down some of the costs, but also the overall appreciation of the science related to LDL. So long-winded way of saying this is kind of the things that we discussed just to give reassurance that we can go to low LDL cholesterol values and that it's safe and then we think also very effective. Nobody knows what the lower limit is, whether zero is appropriate or not. We know that glucose can get too low. We know that blood pressure can be too low. We don't know yet that limit for LDL cholesterol. I mean increasingly with these trials we'll see it going down really low and then we'll better appreciate and understand, so we'll see 40 is probably the right range.Eric Topol (17:49):40, you said? Yeah, okay, I'll buy that. Of course, the other thing that we do know is that if you push to the highest dose statins to get there, you might in some people start to see the hyperglycemia issue, which is still not fully understood and whether that is, I mean it's not desirable, but whether or not it is an issue, I guess it's still out there dangling. Now the other thing that since we're on LDL, we covered Lp(a), PCSK9, the siRNA, is ApoB. Do you measure ApoB in all your patients? Should that be the norm?Measuring ApoBPradeep Natarajan (18:32):Yeah, so ApoB is another blood test. In the standard lipid panel, you get four things. What's measured is cholesterol and triglycerides, they're the lipids insoluble in blood to get to the different tissues that get packaged in lipoprotein molecules which will have the cholesterol, triglycerides and some other lipids and proteins. And so, they all have different names as you know, right? Low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein and some others. But also in the lipid panel you get the HDL cholesterol, the amount of cholesterol in an HDL particle, and then most labs will calculate LDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol has a nice relationship with cardiovascular disease. You lower it with statins and others. Lower risk for cardiovascular disease, turns out a unifying feature of all of these atherogenic lipoproteins, all these lipoproteins that are measured and unmeasured that relate to cardiovascular disease, including lipoprotein(a), they all have an additional protein called ApoB. And ApoB, at least as it relates to LDL is a pretty good surrogate of the number of LDL particles.(19:37):Turns out that that is a bit better at the population level at predicting cardiovascular disease beyond LDL cholesterol itself. And where it can be particularly helpful is that there are some patients out there that have an unexpected ratio between ApoB and LDL. In general, the ratio between LDL cholesterol and ApoB is about 1.1 and most people will have that rough ratio. I verify that that is the expected, and then if that is the expected, then really there is no role to follow ApoB. However, primarily the patients that have features related to insulin resistance have obesity. They may often have adequate looking LDL cholesterols, but their ApoB is higher. They have more circulating LDL particles relative to the total amount of LDL cholesterol, so smaller particles themselves. However, the total number of particles may actually be too high for them.(20:34):And so, even if the LDL cholesterol is at target, if the ApoB is higher, then you need to reduce. So usually the times that I just kind of verify that I'm at appropriate target is I check the LDL cholesterol, if that looks good, verify with the ApoB because of this ratio, the ApoB target should be about 10% lower. So if we're aiming for about 40, that's like 36, so relatively similar, and if it's there, I'm good. If it's not and it's higher, then obviously increase the LDL cholesterol lowering medicines because lower the ApoB and then follow the ApoB with the lipids going forward. The European Society of Cardiology has more emphasis on measuring ApoB, that is not as strong in the US guidelines, but there are many folks in the field, preventive cardiologists and others that are advocating for the increasing use of ApoB because I think there are many folks that are not getting to the appropriate targets because we are not measuring ApoB.Why Aren't We Measuring and Treating Inflammation?Eric Topol (21:37):Yeah, I think you reviewed it so well. The problem here is it could be part of the standard lipid panel, it would make this easy, but what you've done is a prudent way of selecting out people who it becomes more important to measure and moderate subsequently. Now this gets us to the fact that we're lipid centric and we don't pay homage to inflammation. So I wrote a recent Substack on the big miss on inflammation, and here you get into things like the monoclonal antibody to interleukin-6, the trial that CANTOS that showed significant reduction in cardiovascular events and fatal cancers by the way. And then you get into these colchicine trials two pretty good size randomized trials, and here the entry was coronary disease with a high C-reactive protein. Now somehow or other we abandon measuring CRP or other inflammatory markers, and both of us have had patients who have low LDLs but have heart attacks or significant coronary disease. So why don't we embrace inflammation? Why don't we measure it? Why don't we have better markers? Why is this just sitting there where we could do so much better? Even agents that are basically cost pennies like colchicine at low doses, not having to use a proprietary version could be helpful. What are your thoughts about us upgrading our prevention with inflammation markers?Pradeep Natarajan (23:22):Yeah, I mean, Eric, there is an urgent need to address these other pathways. I say urgent need because heart disease has the dubious distinction of being the leading killer in the US and then over the last 20 years, the leading killer in the world as it takes over non-communicable diseases. And really since the early 1900s, there has been a focus on developing pharmacotherapies and approaches to address the traditional modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors. That has done tremendous good, but still the curves are largely flattening out. But in the US and in many parts of the world, the deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease are starting to tick up, and that means there are many additional pathways, many of them that we have well recognized including inflammation. More recently, Lp(a) that are likely important for cardiovascular disease, for inflammation, as you have highlighted, has been validated in randomized controlled trials.(24:18):Really the key trial that has been more most specific is one on Canakinumab in the CANTOS trial IL-1β monoclonal antibody secondary prevention, so cardiovascular disease plus high C-reactive protein, about a 15% reduction in cardiovascular disease and also improvement in cancer related outcomes. Major issues, a couple of issues. One was increased risk for severe infections, and the other one is almost pragmatic or practical is that that medicine was on the market at a very high price point for rare autoinflammatory conditions. It still is. And so, to have for a broader indication like cardiovascular disease prevention would not make sense at that price point. And the manufacturer tried to go to the FDA and focus on the group that only had C-reactive protein lowering, but that's obviously like a backwards endpoint. How would you know that before you release the medicine? So that never made it to a broader indication.(25:14):However, that stuck a flag in the broader validation of that specific pathway in cardiovascular disease. That pathway has direct relevance to C-reactive protein. C-reactive protein is kind of a readout of that pathway that starts from the NLRP3 inflammasome, which then activates IL-1β and IL-6. C-reactive protein we think is just a non causal readout, but is a reliable test of many of these features and that's debatable. There may be other things like measuring IL-6, for example. So given that there is actually substantial ongoing drug development in that pathway, there are a handful of companies with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, but small molecules that you can take as pills. There is a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 that's in development ziltivekimab that's directed at patients with chronic kidney disease who have lots of cardiovascular disease events despite addressing modifiable risk factors where inflammatory markers are through the roof.(26:16):But then you would also highlighted one anti-inflammatory that's out there that's pennies on the dollar, that's colchicine. Colchicine is believed to influence cardiovascular disease by inhibiting NLRP3, I say believed to. It does a lot of things. It is an old medicine, but empirically has been shown in at least two randomized controlled trials patients with coronary artery disease, actually they didn't measure C-reactive protein in the inclusion for these, but in those populations we did reduce major adverse cardiovascular disease events. The one thing that does give me pause with colchicine is that there is this odd signal for increased non-cardiovascular death. Nobody understands if that's real, if that's a fluke. The FDA just approved last year low dose colchicine, colchicine at 0.5 milligrams for secondary prevention given the overwhelming efficacy. Hasn't yet made it into prevention guidelines, but I think that's one part that does give me a little bit pause. I do really think about it particularly for patients who have had recurrent events. The people who market the medicine and do research do remind us that C-reactive protein was not required in the inclusion, but nobody has done that secondary assessment to see if measuring C-reactive protein would be helpful in identifying the beneficial patients. But I think there still could be more work done on better identifying who would benefit from colchicine because it's an available and cheap medicine. But I'm excited that there is a lot of development in this inflammation area.Eric Topol (27:48):Yeah, well, the development sounds great. It's probably some years away. Do you use colchicine in your practice?Pradeep Natarajan (27:56):I do. Again, for those folks who have had recurrent events, even though C-reactive protein isn't there, it does make me feel like I'm treating inflammation. If C-reactive protein is elevated and then I use it for those patients, if it's not elevated, it's a much harder sell from my standpoint, from the patient standpoint. At the lower dose for colchicine, people generally are okay as far as side effects. The manufacturer has it at 0.5 milligrams, which is technically not pennies on the dollar. That's not generic. The 0.6 milligrams is generic and they claim that there is less side effects at the 0.5 milligrams. So technically 0.6 milligrams is off label. So it is what it is.CHIP and Defining High Risk People for CV DiseaseEric Topol (28:40):It's a lot more practical, that's for sure. Now, before I leave that, I just want to mention when I reviewed the IL-1β trial, you mentioned the CANTOS trial and also the colchicine data. The numbers of absolute increases for infection with the antibody or the cancers with the colchicine are really small. So I mean the benefit was overriding, but I certainly agree with your concern that there's some things we don't understand there that need to be probed more. Now, one of the other themes, well before one other marker that before we get to polygenic risk scores, which is center stage here, defining high risk people. We've talked a lot about the conventional things and some of the newer ways, but you've been one of the leaders of study of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential known as CHIP. CHIP, not the chips set in your computer, but CHIP. And basically this is stem cell mutations that increase in people as we age and become exceptionally common with different mutations that account in these clones. So maybe you can tell us about CHIP and what I don't understand is that it has tremendous correlation association with cardiovascular outcomes adverse as well as other system outcomes, and we don't measure it and we could measure it. So please take us through what the hell is wrong there.Pradeep Natarajan (30:14):Yeah, I mean this is really exciting. I mean I'm a little bit biased, but this is observations that have been made only really over the last decade, but accelerating research. And this has been enabled by advances in genomic technologies. So about 10 years or plus ago, really getting into the early days of population-based next generation sequencing, primarily whole exome sequencing. And most of the DNA that we collect to do these population-based analyses come from the blood, red blood cells are anucleate, so they're coming from white blood cells. And so, at that time, primarily interrogating what is the germline genetic basis for coronary artery disease and early onset myocardial infarction. At the same time, colleagues at the Broad Institute were noticing that there are many additional features that you can get from the blood-based DNA that was being processed by the whole exome data. And there were actually three different groups that converged on that all in Boston that converged on the same observation that many well-established cancer causing mutations.(31:19):So mutations that are observed in cancers that have been described to drive the cancers themselves were being observed in these large population-based data sets that we were all generating to understand the relationship between loss of function mutations in cardiovascular disease. That's basically the intention of those data sets for being generated for other things. Strong correlation with age, but it was very common among individuals greater than 70; 10% of them would have these mutations and is very common because blood cancer is extremely, it's still pretty rare in the population. So to say 10% of people had cancer causing driver mutations but didn't have cancer, was much higher than anyone would've otherwise expected. In 2014, there were basically three main papers that described that, and they also observed that there is a greater risk of death. You'd say, okay, this is a precancerous lesion, so they're probably dying of cancer.(32:17):But as I said, the absolute incidence rate for blood cancer is really low and there's a relative increase for about tenfold, but pretty small as it relates to what could be related to death. And in one of the studies we did some exploratory analysis that suggested maybe it's actually the most common cause of death and that was cardiovascular disease. And so, a few years later we published a study that really in depth really looked at a bunch of different data sets that were ascertained to really understand the relationship between these mutations, these cancer causing mutations in cardiovascular disease, so observed it in enrichment and older individuals that had these mutations, CHIP mutations, younger individuals who had early onset MI as well too, and then also look prospectively and showed that it related to incident coronary artery disease. Now the major challenge for this kind of analysis as it relates to the germline genetic analysis is prevalence changes over time.(33:15):There are many things that could influence the presence of clonal hematopoiesis. Age is a key enriching factor and age is the best predictor for cardiovascular disease. So really important. So then we modeled it in mice. It was actually a parallel effort at Boston University (BU) that was doing the same thing really based on the 2014 studies. And so, at the same time we also observed when you modeled this in mice, you basically perturb introduce loss of function mutations in the bone marrow for these mice to recapitulate these driver mutations and those mice also have a greater burden of atherosclerosis. And Eric, you highlighted inflammation because basically the phenotype of these cells are hyper inflamed cells. Interestingly, C-reactive protein is only modestly elevated. So C-reactive protein is not fully capturing this, but many of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, they're all upregulated in mice and in humans when measured as well.(34:11):Now there've been a few key studies that have been really exciting about using anti-inflammatories in this pathway to address CHIP associated cardiovascular disease. So one that effort that I said in BU because they saw these cytokines increased, we already know that these cytokines have relationship with atherosclerosis. So they gave an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor to the mice and they showed that the mice with or without CHIP had a reduction in atherosclerosis, but there was a substantial delta among the mice that are modeled as having CHIP. Now, the investigators in CANTOS, the manufacturers, they actually went back and they survey where they had DNA in the CANTOS trial. They measured CHIP and particularly TET2 CHIP, which is the one that has the strongest signal for atherosclerosis. As I said, overall about 15% reduction in the primary outcome in CANTOS. Among the individuals who had TET2 CHIP, it was a 64% reduction in event.(35:08):I mean you don't see those in atherosclerosis related trials. Now this has the caveat of it being secondary post hoc exploratory, the two levels of evidence. And so, then we took a Mendelian randomization approach. Serendipitously, just so happens there is a coding mutation in the IL-6 receptor, a missense mutation that in 2012 was described that if you had this mutation, about 40% of people have it, you have a 5%, but statistically significant reduction in coronary artery disease. So we very simply said, if the pathway of this NLRP3 inflammasome, which includes IL-6, if you have decreased signaling in that pathway, might you have an even greater benefit from having that mutation if you had CHIP versus those who didn't have CHIP. So we looked in the UK Biobank, those who didn't have CHIP 5% reduction, who had that IL-6 receptor mutation, and then those who did have CHIP, if they had that mutation, it was about a 60% reduction in cardiovascular disease.(36:12):Again, three different lines of evidence that really show that this pathway has relevance in the general population, but the people who actually might benefit the most are those with CHIP. And I think as we get more and more data sets, we find that not all of the CHIP mutations are the same as it relates to cardiovascular disease risk. It does hone in on these key subsets like TET2 and JAK2, but this is pretty cool as a preventive cardiologist, new potential modifiable risk factor, but now it's almost like an oncologic paradigm that is being applied to coronary artery disease where we have specific driver mutations and then we're tailoring our therapies to those specific biological drivers for coronary artery disease. Hopefully, I did that justice. There's a lot there.Why Don't We Measure CHIP?Eric Topol (36:57):Well, actually, it's phenomenal how you've explained that, but I do want to review for our listeners or readers that prior to this point in our conversation, we were talking about germline mutations, the ones you're born with. With CHIP, we're talking about acquired somatic mutations, and these are our blood stem cells. And what is befuddling to me is that with all the data that you and others, you especially have been publishing and how easy it would be to measure this. I mean, we've seen that you can get it from sequencing no less other means. Why we don't measure this? I mean, why are we turning a blind eye to CHIP? I just don't get it. And we keep calling it of indeterminate potential, not indeterminate. It's definite potential.Pradeep Natarajan (37:51):Yeah, no, I think these are just overly cautious terms from the scientists. Lots of people have CHIP, a lot of people don't have clinical outcomes. And so, I think from the lens of a practicing hematologists that provide some reassurance on the spectrum for acquired mutation all the way over to leukemia, that is where it comes from. I don't love the acronym as well because every subfield in biomedicine has its own CHIP, so there's obviously lots of confusion there. CH or clinical hematopoiesis is often what I go, but I think continuing to be specific on these mutations. Now the question is why measure? Why aren't we measuring it? So there are some clinical assays out there. Now when patients get evaluated for cytopenias [low cell counts], there are next generation sequencing tests that look for these mutations in the process for evaluation. Now, technically by definition, CHIP means the presence of these driver mutations that have expanded because it's detectable by these assays, not a one-off cell because it can only be detected if it's in a number of cells.(38:55):So there has been some expansion, but there are no CBC abnormalities. Now, if there's a CBC abnormality and you see a CHIP mutation that's technically considered CCUS or clonal cytopenia of unknown significance, sometimes what is detected is myelodysplastic syndrome. In those scenarios still there is a cardiovascular disease signal, and so many of our patients who are seen in the cancer center who are being evaluated for these CBC abnormalities will be detected to have these mutations. They will have undergone some risk stratification to see what the malignancy potential is. Still pretty low for many of those individuals. And so, the major driver of health outcomes for this finding may be cardiovascular. So those patients then get referred to our program. Dana-Farber also has a similar program, and then my colleague Peter Libby at the Brigham often sees those patients as well. Now for prospective screening, so far, an insurance basically is who's going to pay for it.(39:51):So an insurance provider is not deemed that appropriate yet. You do need the prospective clinical trials because the medicines that we're talking about may have side effects as well too. And what is the yield? What is the diagnostic yield? Will there actually be a large effect estimate? But there has been more and more innovation, at least on the assay and the cost part of the assay because these initial studies, we've been using whole exome sequencing, which is continuing to come down, but is not a widely routine clinical test yet. And also because as you highlighted, these are acquired mutations. A single test is not necessarily one and done. This may be something that does require surveillance for particular high risk individuals. And we've described some risk factors for the prevalence of CHIP. So surveillance may be required, but because there are about 10 genes that are primarily implicated in CHIP, that can substantially decrease the cost of it. The cost for DNA extraction is going down, and so there are research tests that are kind of in the $10 to $20 range right now for CHIP. And if flipped over to the clinical side will also be reasonably low cost. And so, for the paradigm for clinical implementation, that cost part is necessary.Eric Topol (41:10):I don't know the $10 or $20 ones. Are there any I could order on patients that I'm worried about?Pradeep Natarajan (41:17):Not yet clinical. However, there is a company that makes the reagents for at least the cores that are developing this. They are commercializing that test so that many other cores, research cores can develop it. I think it's in short order that clinical labs will adopt it as well too.Eric Topol (41:36):That's great.Pradeep Natarajan (41:37):I will keep you apprised.What About Polygenic Risk Scores?Eric Topol (41:39):I think that's really good news because like I said, we're so darn lipid centric and we have to start to respect the body of data, the knowledge that you and others have built about CHIP. Now speaking of another one that drives me nuts is polygenic risk score (PRS) for about a decade, I've been saying we have coronary disease for most people is a polygenic trait. It's not just a familial hypercholesterolemia. And we progressively have gotten better and better of the hundreds of single variants that collectively without a parental history will be and independently predict who is at double, triple or whatever risk of getting heart disease, whereby you could then guide your statins at higher aggressive or pick a statin, use one or even go beyond that as we've been talking about. But we don't use that in practice, which is just incredible because it's can be done cheap.(42:45):You can get it through whether it's 23andMe or now many other entities. We have an app, MyGeneRank where we can process that Scripss does for free. And only recently, Mass General was the first to implement that in your patient population, and I'm sure you were a driver of that. What is the reluctance about using this as an orthogonal, if you will, separate way to assess a person's risk for heart disease? And we know validated very solidly about being aggressive about lipid lowering when you know this person's in the highest 5% polygenic risk score. Are we just deadheads in this field or what?Pradeep Natarajan (43:30):Yeah, I mean Eric, as you know, lots of inertia in medicine, but this one I think has a potential to make a large impact. Like CHIP mutations, I said news is about 10% in individuals greater than 70. The prospect here is to identify the risk much earlier in life because I think there is a very good argument that we're undertreating high risk individuals early on because we don't know how to identify them. As you highlighted, Dr. Braunwald about LDL cholesterol. The other part of that paradigm is LDL cholesterol lowering and the duration. And as we said, everybody would benefit from really low LDL cholesterol, but again, you might overtreat that if you just give that to everybody. But if you can better identify the folks very early in life, there is a low cost, low risk therapy, at least related to statins that you could have a profound benefit from the ones who have a greater conviction will have future risk for cardiovascular disease.(44:21):You highlighted the family history, and the family history has given the field of clues that genetics play a role. But as the genome-wide association studies have gotten larger, the polygenic risk scores have gotten better. We know that family history is imperfect. There are many reasons why a family member who is at risk may or may not have developed cardiovascular disease. A polygenic risk score will give a single number that will estimate the contribution of genetics to cardiovascular disease. And the thing that is really fascinating to me, which is I think some of a clinical implementation challenge is that the alleles for an individual are fixed. The genotyping is very cheap. That continues to be extremely cheap to do this test. But the weights and the interpretation of what the effects should be for each of the SNPs are continually being refined over time.(45:18):And so, given the exact same SNPs in the population, the ability to better predict cardiovascular diseases getting better. And so, you have things that get reported in the literature, but literally three years later that gets outdated and those hypotheses need to be reassessed. Today, I'll say we have a great relative to other things, but we have a great polygenic risk score was just reported last year that if you compare it to familial hypercholesterolemia, which has a diagnostic yield of about 1 in 300 individuals, but readily detectable by severe hypercholesterolemia that has about threefold risk for cardiovascular disease. By polygenic risk score, you can find 1 in 5 individuals with that same risk. Obviously you go higher than that, it'll be even higher risk related to that. And that is noble information very early in life. And most people develop risk factors later in life. It is happening earlier, but generally not in the 30s, 40s where there's an opportunity to make a substantial impact on the curve related to cardiovascular disease.(46:25):But there is a lot of momentum there. Lots of interest from NIH and others. The major challenge is though the US healthcare system is really not well set up to prevention, as you know, we practice healthcare after patient's developed disease and prevent the complications related to progression. The stakeholder incentives beyond the patient themselves are less well aligned. We've talked a lot here today about payers, but we don't have a single payer healthcare system. And patients at different times of their lives will have different insurers. They'll start early in life with their parents, their first employer, they'll move on to the next job and then ultimately Medicare. There's no entity beyond yourself that really cares about your longevity basically from the beginning and your overall wellness. That tension has been a major challenge in just driving the incentives and the push towards polygenic risk scores. But there are some innovative approaches like MassMutual Life Insurance actually did a pilot on polygenic risk scoring.(47:33):They're in the business of better understanding longevity. They get that this is important data. Major challenges, there are federal protections against non-discrimination in the workplace, health insurance, not necessarily life insurance. So I think that there are lots of things that have to be worked out. Everybody recognizes that this is important, but we really have to have all the incentives aligned for this to happen at a system-wide level in the US. So there's actually lots of investment in countries that have more nationalized healthcare systems, lots of development in clinical trials in the UK, for example. So it's possible that we in the US will not be the lead in that kind of evidence generation, but maybe we'll get there.The GLP-1 DrugsEric Topol (48:16):Yeah, it's frustrating though, Pradeep, because this has been incubating for some time and now we have multi ancestry, polygenic risk scores, particularly for heart disease and we're not using it, and it's not in my view, in the patient's best interest just because of these obstacles that you're mentioning, particularly here in the US. Well, the other thing I want to just get at with you today is the drugs that we were using for diabetes now blossoming for lots of other indications, particularly the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) drugs. This has come onto the scene in recent years, not just obviously for obesity, but it's anti-inflammatory effects as we're learning, mediated not just through the brain but also T cells and having extraordinary impact in heart disease for people with obesity and also with those who have heart failure, about half of heart failure for preserved ejection fraction. So recently you and your colleagues recently published a paper with this signal of optic neuropathy. It was almost seven eightfold increase in a population. First, I wanted to get your sense about GLP-1. We're also going to get into the SGLT2 for a moment as well, but how do you use GLP-1? What's your prognosis for this drug class going forward?Pradeep Natarajan (49:55):As it relates to the paper, I can't claim credit as one of my former students who is now Mass Eye and Ear resident who participated, but we can talk about that. There's obviously some challenges for mining real world data, but this was related to anecdotes that they were observing at Mass Eye and Ear and then studied and observed an enrichment. In general though, I feel like every week I'm reading a new clinical trial about a new clinical outcome benefit as it relates to GLP-1 receptor agonists. This is kind of one thing that stands out that could be interrogated in these other clinical trials. So I would have that caveat before being cautious about ocular complications. But the data has been overwhelmingly beneficial, I think, because at minimum, obesity and inflammation are relayed to myriad of consequences, and I'm really excited that we have therapies that can address obesity that are safe.(50:52):There's a legacy of unsafe medicines for obesity, especially related to cardiovascular disease. So the fact that we have medicines that are safe and effective for lowering weight that also have real strong effects on clinical outcomes is tremendous. We in cardiology are increasingly using a range of diabetes medicines, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors. I think that is also the secular changes of what influences cardiovascular disease over time. I talked about over the last 10 years or so with this increase in deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease. If you look at the influences of traditional clinical risk factors today, many of them have decreased in importance because when abnormal, we recognize them, in general we modify them when recognized. And so, many of the things that are unaddressed, especially the features related to insulin resistance, obesity, they start rising in importance. And so, there is a dramatic potential for these kinds of therapies in reducing the residual risks that we see related to cardiovascular disease. So I'm enthusiastic and excited. I think a lot more biology that needs to be understood of how much of this is being influenced specifically through this pathway versus a very effective weight loss medicine. But also interesting to see the insights on how the effect centrally on appetite suppression has profound influences on weight loss as well too. And hopefully that will lead to more innovations in weight management.The SGLT-2 DrugsEric Topol (52:25):And likewise, perhaps not getting near as much play, but when it came on the cardiovascular scene that an anti-diabetic drug SGLT2 was improving survival, that was big, and we still don't know why. I mean, there's some ideas that it might be a senolytic drug unknowingly, but this has become a big part of practice of cardiology in patients with diabetes or with preserved ejection fraction heart failure. Is that a fair summary for that drug?Pradeep Natarajan (53:00):Yeah, I totally agree. I mean, as there has been increased recognition for heart failure preserved ejection fraction, it has been almost disheartening over the last several years that we have not had very specific effective therapies to treat that condition. Now, it is a tremendous boon that we do have medicines interestingly focused on metabolism that are very helpful in that condition for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. But there is still much more to be understood as far as that condition. I mean, the major challenge with heart failure, as you know, especially with heart failure preserved ejection fraction, it likely is a mix of a wide variety of different etiologies. So in parallel with developing effective therapies that get at some aspect is really understanding what are the individual drivers and then targeting those specific individual drivers. That requires a lot of unbiased discovery work and further profiling to be done. So lot more innovation, but relative to heart failure itself, it is not had widespread recognition as heart failure reduced ejection fraction. So much more to innovate on, for sure.Eric Topol (54:07):Right, right. Yeah, I am stunned by the recent progress in cardiovascular medicine. You have been center stage with a lot of it, and we've had a chance to review so much. And speaking of genetics, I wanted to just get a little insight because I recently came across the fact that your mother here at the City of Hope in Southern California is another famous researcher. And is that, I don't know what chromosome that is on regarding parental transmission of leading research. Maybe you can tell me about that.Pradeep Natarajan (54:41):Yeah, I mean, I guess it is a heritable trait when a parent has one profession that there is a higher likelihood that the offspring will have something similar. So both of my parents are PhDs, nonphysicians. There is a diabetes department at the City of Hope, so she's the chair of that department. So very active. We do overlap in some circles because she does investigate both vascular complications and renal complications. And then sometimes will ask my advice on some visualization. But she herself has just had a science translational medicine paper, for example, just a couple of months ago. So it's fun to talk about these things. To be honest, because my parents are researchers, I was not totally sure that I would be a researcher and kind of wanted to do something different in medicine. But many of my early observations and just how common cardiovascular disease is around me and in my community and wanting to do something useful is what got me specifically into cardiology.(55:45):But obviously there are numerous outstanding, important questions. And as I went through my career, really focused on more basic investigations of atherosclerosis and lipids. What got me excited sort of after my clinical training was the ability to ask many of these questions now in human populations with many new biological data sets, at least first centered on genetics. And the capabilities continue to expand, so now I teach first year Harvard medical students in their genetics curriculum. And when I talk to them just about my career arc, I do remind them they're all doing millions of things and they're exploring lots of things, but when they get to my shoes, the capabilities will be tremendously different. And so, I really advise them to take the different experiences, mainly in an exercise for asking questions, thoughtfully addressing questions, connecting it back to important clinical problems. And then once they start to understand that with a few different approaches, then they'll totally take off with what the opportunities are down the road.Eric Topol (56:51):No, it's great. I mean, how lucky somebody could be in the first year of med school with you as their teacher and model. Wow. Pradeep, we've really gone deep on this and it's been fun. I mean, if there's one person I'm going to talk to you about cardiovascular risk factors and the things that we've been into today, you would be the one. So thank you for taking the time and running through a lot of material here today, and all your work with great interest.Pradeep Natarajan (57:24):Thanks, Eric. I really appreciate it. It's tremendous honor. I'm a big fan, so I would be glad to talk about any of these things and more anytime.***************Thanks for listening, reading or watching!The Ground Truths newsletters and podcasts are all free, open-access, without ads.Please share this post/podcast with your friends and network if you found it informative!Voluntary paid subscriptions all go to support Scripps Research. Many thanks for that—they greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for 2023 and 2024.Thanks to my producer Jessica Nguyen and Sinjun Balabanoff for audio and video support at Scripps Research.Note: you can select preferences to receive emails about newsletters, podcasts, or all I don't want to bother you with an email for content that you're not interested in. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

Join Alex Cameron, Founder of Decarb Connect and Anne Lyck Smitshuysen, partner in DynElectro for a discussion about how scaling climate tech can make new hardware platforms cost effective and profitable, even in early stages. Anne is a fuel cell specialist and a member of the Forbes 2023 30 under 30 list – she holds a Masters in Physics and Nanotechnology and is focused on bringing unique Power-to-X technologies to market which produce carbon-neutral green fuels. So much to check out in this conversation, including:  •                    How do we change and challenge the perception that climate tech can't be economical of profitable•                    What does Anne's experience of the funding a start up tell us about how to prove to investors that  new tech risk is being managed effectively and that early scale developments will be delivered on time?•                    What is the market for the green fuels created by their Power-to-X platform?•                    Hydrogen is a market that already sees high demand, synthetic fuels will add to this demand so what does this mean for price, risk and opportunity?•                    How does DynElectro compete in the electrolyzer market – specifically, what is it about the tech that allows them to make green fuels competitively?•                    What are the projects and partnerships have they formed (both with investors like Yara Growth Ventures and other stakeholders)  Show links: Connect with Anne Lyck Smitshuysen and learn more about DynElectro's projects and the associated climate/energy benefitsGet in touch with Alex Cameron and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect in industrial decarbonization Check out some recent news articles about DynElectro's 11m Euro grant for their next electrolyzer project  Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  Explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), where members share insights and experiences as they accelerate their net zero plans. Check out our full offering and learn more about our members, summits, reports and webinars.  If you enjoyed this conversation, take a look at the discussions about industrial decarbonisation taking place across our global event series.  If scaling essential decarb tech is something you're focused on, join us at Decarb TechInvest in Boston from September 10-11 2024 or in Toronto (November) for Decarb Connect Canada. Keep an eye on all our meetings and events at www.DecarbConnect.com  

If you're exploring using AI to reduce energy spend and co2 output, or are investing in this space, listen in to Alex's conversation with Clifford Federspiel, the co-founder and President/CTO of Vigilent, an AI platform focused on optimizing energy use and reducing carbon emissions in data centers. With a background in mechanical engineering and AI/control systems research and applications, Cliff and his co-founders have built a business over 16 years that now operates in 26 countries and serves mission-critical data centres in a variety of settings.  Listen in for these takeaways: -          Detail on the benefits of AI in data centre and industrial environments – manpower, power constraints, capex, water usage and energy -          How to adapt to AI systems, what's needed in terms of controls – but also what expect and how to maximise their value-          Ensuring teams are able to work through change and overcoming sceptism about AI's ability to optimize so efficiently and specifically With the global data centre market expanding rapidly, and the energy usage of the average data center increasing to 50 or even 100 MW, managing the efficient use of energy (and its relative co2 output) is essential and not only to the company that owns the facility. Listen in to learn more..  Links: Show links: -          Connect with Clifford Federspiel and learn more about Vigilent's case studies and climate/energy benefits-          Follow Alex Cameron on LinkedIn and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect-          Watch a short video about how the Brevik plant is pursuing CCS-          Read up on the latest CCS project to be launched, this time in France Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  Explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), where members share insights and experiences as they accelerate their net zero plans. Check out our full offering and learn more about our members, summits, reports and webinars.  If you enjoyed this conversation, take a look at the discussions about industrial decarbonisation taking place across our global event series. You could the community of leading decarbonizers at conferences in Berlin (June), Boston (Our TechInvest event in September), Toronto (November), the UK or Houston or at any number of meet ups, site tours and virtual meetings. 

In this episode of the Main Column Podcast, host Lee Nichols talks with Julie Cranga, Vice President of Market Decarbonization Solutions at Technip Energies. They discuss the advancements and trends in the global Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) market, the technologies utilized, and the challenges faced by the industry. Julie highlights Technip Energies' initiatives and projects in the CCUS space, emphasizing the company's leadership in engineering and technology for energy transition. The episode sheds light on CCUS's critical role in achieving net-zero targets and the importance of political and financial support for its scalability.

In 2023 the University of Cambridge published details that quantified how manure and synthetic fertilisers emit the equivalent of 2.6 gigatonnes of carbon per year which is more than the emissions from global aviation and shipping combined. Read up on that article in Nature Magazine here.  Global fertiliser production is both essential and also hugely energy-intensive, yielding around 1.5% of total global CO2 emissions. CCm Technologies is a UK-based company scaling up to provide zero carbon fertilisers by taking CO2 waste streams and combining them with organic materials. With plans to triple production in the next few years, and projects in development in India and Europe, listen in to learn more about the FMCG partners who are supporting CCm's scale up and the opportunity for their cost-comparative fertiliser products. Takeaways: The origins of CCm Technologies and the commercialisation of CCU technologyHow partnerships with major retail and FMCG brands have helped scale CCm's plansHow the CCU tech works and the business model underpinning itWhy the “green premium” isn't such a challenge for CCm's business model and growthFuture plans and scale up Show links: -          Connect with Pawel Kisielewski and follow his work-          Read a profile on CCm Technologies by the Ellen Macarthur Foundation-          Follow Alex Cameron on LinkedIn and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect-          Read up on the pilot between Nestlé, Cargill and CCm Technologies to turn cocoa shells into low carbon fertiliser-          Watch CCm Technologies on the BBC's Countryfile program Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonisation around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  Explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), where members share insights and experiences as they accelerate their net zero plans. Check out our full offering and learn more about our members, summits, reports and webinars.  If you enjoyed this conversation, take a look at the discussions about industrial decarbonisation taking place across our global event series. You could join the community of leading decarbonisers this year, at conferences in Boston (Decarb TechInvest, 10-11 September), Toronto (Decarb Connect Canada, 5-7 November). Or join us next year at Decarb Connect UK, Decarb Connect North America , or Decarb Connect Europe. We also offer a number of meet ups, site tours and virtual meetings for you to join. Sign up to the Decarb Connect newsletter to stay updated.

"Understanding the problem is sometimes often more important than getting to a solution." Madhav Vyas and Dr. David Lubo-Robles discuss June's The Leading Edge on subsurface uncertainty. In this episode, we talk about: > Methods for assessing uncertainty in seismic workflows > Significant sources of subsurface uncertainty > How integrating different data sources can reduce subsurface uncertainty > The concept of rugosity and its effect on seismic image resolution > The advantages of using invertible neural networks > How to better communicate uncertainty to stakeholders and management > Emerging technologies and methodologies to reduce subsurface uncertainty In this conversation with host Andrew Geary, Madhav and David explore the complexities of predicting subsurface outcomes and the various sources of uncertainty that geophysicists must address. The discussion highlights how integrating geologic, petrophysical, and geochemical data can help reduce uncertainty and improve decision-making. The episode also covers the impact of interface rugosity on wave propagation, methods for assessing uncertainty in seismic workflows, and the benefits of using invertible neural networks. Madhav also elaborates on how geophysicists can better communicate uncertainty to stakeholders and suggests looking to other industries, like meteorology, for effective communication strategies. Listeners will gain insights into the challenges and solutions related to subsurface uncertainty, the importance of critical thinking in geoscience, and the potential of emerging technologies to improve subsurface predictions. THIS EPISODE SPONSORED BY BLUWARE Looking for ways to quickly and efficiently access and analyze seismic data on a global scale? Bluware, a CMG company, overcomes the limitations in existing seismic data formats and streamlines data usability into your existing geoscience workflows through a cloud-native data visualization engine. Extract deeper insights from seismic data faster than ever before to make more informed decisions and reduce exploration risk. Learn how Bluware is shaping the future of energy exploration and production at https://bluware.com. GUEST BIOS David Lubo-Robles is a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the University of Oklahoma. David is a geophysicist interested in developing and applying innovative tools using machine learning, quantitative seismic interpretation, and seismic attribute analysis for oil and gas, geothermal reservoir characterization, hydrogen storage, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). His paper, "Quantifying the sensitivity of seismic facies classification to seismic attribute selection: An explainable machine-learning study," was awarded Honorable Mention, Best Paper in Interpretation in 2022. David received his MS and PhD in Geophysics at the University of Oklahoma. Madhav Vyas is an Imaging R&D Adviser and Seismic Technology Principal at BP. He has a BS and MS in Geophysics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and an MS in Geophysics from Stanford University, where he was part of the Stanford Exploration Project, an industry consortium for seismic imaging research. LINKS * Visit https://seg.org/podcasts/episode-227-how-experts-use-data-and-technology-to-navigate-subsurface-uncertainty/ for the complete interview transcript and the links for June's The Leading Edge. SHOW CREDITS Andrew Geary at TreasureMint hosted, edited, and produced this episode. The SEG podcast team comprises Jennifer Cobb, Kathy Gamble, and Ally McGinnis. Transcription and episode summary support provided by Headliner. If you have episode ideas or feedback for the show or want to sponsor a future episode, email the show at podcast@seg.org.

Listen in to this recording with Dr. Nicola Kimm, Chief Sustainability and Innovation Officer at Heidelberg Materials, to hear how about the role of sustainability at Heidelberg Materials and its involvement at board level and with value chain partners and projects.  Key Takeaways-        How involving sustainability at board level drives both the right outcomes but also ensures a business lens for sustainability activity-        Heidelberg Material's structure for Sustainability: sustainability strategy, R&D, carbon capture, innovation scaling-        The timeline and activity that is supporting the first full-scale net-zero carbon capture cement plant-        How to create and accelerate market demand for Low-Carbon Products-        Why setting a company-wide target of 50% sustainable revenue target by 2030 has led to real engagement and strong outcomes -        Using "lighthouse" projects to showcase innovations like low-carbon wind farm bases Show links: -        Connect with Dr. Nicola Kimm and explore the work of the Heidelberg Materials sustainability group-        Follow Alex Cameron on LinkedIn and find how to get involved with the membership and work of Decarb Connect-        Watch a short video about how the Brevik plant is pursuing CCS-        Read up on the latest CCS project to be launched, this time in France Learn about our Sponsor: Janno MediaMany thanks to our production partner and sponsor Janno Media for their support in delivering this podcast. They continue to facilitate great conversations that connect us with our audience, and their skills and expertise mean we can concentrate exclusively on generating great content to engage, inform and inspire. Want to learn more about Decarb Connect? Our global membership platform, events and facilitated introductions support the acceleration of industrial decarbonization around the world. Our clients include the most energy-intensive industrials from cement, metals and mining, glass, ceramics, chemicals, O&G and many more along with technology disruptors, investors and advisors.  Explore our Decarbonisation Leaders Network (DLN), where members share insights and experiences as they accelerate their net zero plans. Check out our full offering and learn more about our members, summits, reports and webinars.  If you enjoyed this conversation, take a look at the discussions about industrial decarbonisation taking place across our global event series. You could the community of leading decarbonizers at conferences in Berlin (June), Boston (Our TechInvest event in September), Toronto (November), the UK or Houston or at any number of meet ups, site tours and virtual meetings.   

"The fifth instalment of the ‘FSR Policy Briefcase' explores the why, when, and how of carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) in Europe. For this episode, regular hosts Leonardo Meeus and James Kneebone are joined by part-time Professor of FSR Christopher Jones. The conversation builds on the recent publication of Christopher's Policy Brief on this subject, linked below. CCUS technology and infrastructure has the highest value-add in the period during which Europe is still transitioning from fossil value chains to fully decarbonised value chains. For this reason, it needs to be deployed quickly, often retrofitted to existing industrial facilities. Christopher's Policy Brief presents a tentative vision for how a regulatory framework could be establsihed in time to maximise the effectiveness of CCUS technologies. See below for a link to the original Policy Brief https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/76181;jsessionid=9E2F6DCA9B2A1A82BF25195BD7A0034B"

The inevitable reality is that hard-to-abate sectors will still be producing carbon emissions by the goal date of net zero by 2050. Until these sectors can decarbonize their emissions, alternative methods must be applied to reduce the amount of carbon released by these processes. Under the umbrella term ‘carbon capture, utilization and storage' or CCUS, the process of capturing the carbon produced by industry is another tool in the toolbox of removing carbon emissions from the atmosphere.In today's episode, Quentin is joined by Olivia Powis - UK director at CCS Association. Over the course of the conversation, they discuss:The premise of CCS and how this technology is vital in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors.What needs to be considered when installing the infrastructure, the challenges with retrofitting.How each stage of the process works.Factors to consider when locating a carbon capture site and how the UK is lowering risk. around buildout. A look at the first large-scale projects and when we could see them delivered.About our guestThe CCSA is the lead European association propelling the commercial deployment of carbon capture, utilization and storage technology. Their aim is to advance and accelerate the deployment of carbon capture, utilization and storage in the UK and Europe, and promote CCUS technology internationally by working with their members, governments and other organizations to ensure CCUS is developed and deployed at the necessary pace to ensure countries can meet their net-zero goals. For more information, visit their website. About Modo EnergyModo Energy provides benchmarking, forecasts, data, and insights for new energy assets - all in one place.Built for analysts, Modo helps the owners, operators, builders, and financiers of battery energy storage solutions understand the market - and make the most out of their assets. Modo's paid plans serve more than 80% of battery storage owners and operators in Great Britain and ERCOT.All of our podcasts are available to watch or listen to on the Modo Energy site. To keep up with all of our latest updates, research, analysis, videos, podcasts, data visualizations, live events, and more, follow us on Linkedin or Twitter. Check out The Energy Academy, our video series of bite-sized chunks explaining how different energy systems work. For more research into CCUS and carbon prices, check out our written research.

50年來，工研院被賦予推動台灣產業技術發展的重責，例如，今日被譽為「護國神山」的半導體產業，正是因其而生。工研院得在下個50年繼續扮演台灣經濟推手，但這考驗者掌舵者的智慧。 工研院院長劉文雄接受我們節目訪談時表示，組織永續是第一要素。因此，工研院在2023年首度發布了工研院的首本永續報告書，未來也會在每年持續出版，展現工研院的ESG決心。 下一步，當然是持續扮演台灣產業的技術後盾，因此工研院也已擬定《2035技術與策略藍圖》，為台灣未來科技奠定基礎。 尤其，淨零時代來臨，將帶動全球產業大變革，工研院也積極從四大面向開發新技術：從供給面著手開發綠色能源、氫能技術；從使用構面著手推動循環經濟開發；從製造面研製減碳製程改善；最後是碳捕獲、利用或封存（CCUS）。 劉文雄在節目中更透露，工研院近期已在台南沙崙科學城成立「氫能創新平台」，作為國內產業技術練兵基地，推動台灣氫能產業發展。 工研院更與綠色金融接軌，劉文雄有感於台灣新創取的資金的困境，因此率工研院聯手信保基金以及國內40間銀行，以無形資產和綠色融資促進綠色科技發展，藉以孕育出科技，加速淨零碳排的時間軸。 那些工研院默默實踐，卻是推動台灣經濟永續的故事，都在這集精彩節目中。 主持人：天下雜誌調查中心總監 熊毅晰 來賓：工研院院長 劉文雄 製作團隊：黃家慧、姚立強、陳繹方、陳瑞偉 ＊訂閱天下全閱讀：https://bit.ly/3STpEpV ＊「聽天下」清楚分類更好聽，下載天下雜誌App：https://bit.ly/3ELcwhX ＊意見信箱：bill@cw.com.tw

India's energy transition strategy encompasses greater adoption of a wide range of renewable fuels to go with baseload coal for decades to come, with new policies on CCUS, carbon markets and power reforms set to play a role in the decarbonization of the third largest greenhouse gas emitter of the world. In this Platts Future Energy podcast, Consulting Executive Director, Energy Transition Gauri Jauhar, Managing Editor, Global Compliance Carbon Pricing Agamoni Ghosh, and Associate Director, Research Mohd. Sahil Ali, join Editor – Energy Transition Ruchira Singh, to discuss the journey so far and the likely future landscape of policies, market development and trends post the mid-2024 general elections.

Tisha Schuller welcomes Brian Hlavinka, vice president of new energy ventures at Williams, to the Energy Thinks podcast. Listeners will hear Brian's insights and advice on how oil and gas companies can expedite success in their new energy ventures endeavors. Brian also speaks on the importance of partnerships between policy specialists and executives and how those alliances shape progress on the hill. Brians leads a decarbonization-focused business development team committed to building a sustainable, clean energy future. His team develops and executes projects across the clean energy spectrum, including solar, wind, renewable natural gas, energy storage, responsibly sourced gas, hydrogen, and CCUS. Prior to his role at Williams, Brian served in various roles at Cheniere Energy, Audubon Engineering, and DCP Midstream ranging from project engineering to project management and commercial development. Brian is also the founding Vice Chairman of the Clean Hydrogen Future Coalition (CHFC), a diverse industry group focused on the development of a clean hydrogen economy and an advisor to the Coalition for Renewable Natural Gas and Innovation Labs. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering from Texas A&M University and an MBA from the University of Houston. Brian currently resides in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Follow all things Adamantine Energy and subscribe to Tisha's weekly Both of These Things Are True email newsletter at www.energythinks.com. Thanks to Kayla Chieves who makes the Energy Thinks podcast possible. [Interview recorded on March 5, 2024]

J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:57-65.Background Patients with diabetes have higher short- and long-term rates of mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Possible explanations for this include increased fatty acid metabolism, compromising glycolysis in ischemic and nonischemic areas as well as impairment of platelet and fibrinolytic function. This led to the theory that both processes could be improved with insulin infusion. Small studies at the time provided conflicting results. The Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) trial sought to test the hypothesis that rapid improvement of metabolic control in diabetic patients with AMI by means of insulin-glucose infusion would decrease early mortality and that continued good metabolic control would improve subsequent prognosis.Cardiology Trial's Substack is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.Patients Patients admitted to the CCUs of 19 Swedish hospitals with suspected AMI within the preceding 24 hours with a blood glucose level >11 mmol/l (198 mg/dl) with or without a previous history of diabetes mellitus. Exclusion criteria included inability to participate for reasons of health, refusal to give consent, residence outside the catchment area or enrollment in other studies.Baseline characteristics There were 1,240 patients who met inclusion criteria and 50% were excluded, mainly due to inability or unwillingness to participate. Compared to those enrolled, excluded patients were older (72 years of age) and more were women. The majority of those enrolled were men (62%) at an average age of 68 years. Nearly 40% had a history of previous MI and 22% had congestive heart failure. The mean time from the onset of symptoms to randomization was 13 hours. More than 80% of patients were non-insulin dependent. The average HbA1c at randomization was 8% and the blood glucose was 279 mg/dl.Procedures Patients randomized to insulin therapy were started on an insulin-glucose infusion at 30 ml/h and blood glucose was checked after 1 hour. The infusion rate was adjusted according to protocol. The infusion was continued until stable normoglycemia was attained for ≥24 hours. Subcutaneous administration of insulin was given immediately after cessation of the infusion, according to a multidose regimen, with the aim of maintaining normoglycemia. Serum potassium was measured immediately before the infusion and then after 6, 12, and 24 hr and was checked immediately in patients who developed any kind of clinically significant arrhythmia. Control patients were treated according to standard coronary care unit practice and did not receive insulin unless it was deemed clinically indicated.Endpoints The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 3 months. The investigators hypothesized that the insulin-glucose infusion followed by multidose subcutaneous insulin for 3 months would reduce the mortality rate by 30%, from a 35% mortality rate in the control group (35/100 to 24.5/100). Based on that assumption, a sample size of 600 was needed to demonstrate the expected mortality reduction with a 5% significance level and power of 80%.Results 620 patients were randomized, 306 to the intervention group and 314 to the control group. The blood glucose level was significantly lower in the insulin group 24 hours after randomization (173 mg/dl vs 211 mg/dl; p

In this episode, Maurice Choy (Canadian Energy Infrastructure Analyst), Andrew Wong (Uranium & Fertilizers Analyst), Sara Mahaffy (ESG Strategist) and Robert Kwan (Head of Global Power, Utilities & Infrastructure Research) at RBC Capital Markets discuss our outlook for long-term growth in the nuclear energy industry, the path forward to address previous challenges, the political and regulatory landscape, ESG perspectives, and the outlook and exposure to nuclear energy across regions and sectors. We have taken a global and cross-sector approach in reviewing the nuclear energy value chain in collaboration with our global team of Energy Infrastructure, Industrials, Mining & Materials and ESG analysts and strategists. We believe that nuclear energy generation capacity is well-positioned to grow in North America and Europe over the long term, supporting countries' energy transition objectives by being a source of reliable and non-emitting baseload power for decades as well as being an industry that countries can develop to deliver stronger economic growth. The vast challenge to deliver net zero by 2050 suggests to us that an “all of the above” approach must be taken, and that will not only benefit renewables (e.g., wind, solar, hydro) and carbon abatement technologies (e.g., CCUS, hydrogen), but also nuclear energy. We sense that certain countries are progressively valuing the benefits of nuclear energy and are justifiably giving support to the technology, ultimately leading to this industry becoming increasingly ESG-friendly and investable over the long run.

"It's ​not ​like ​machine ​learning ​will ​solve ​all ​the ​problems. ​It's ​not ​a ​magical ​tool." David Lubo-Robles highlights his award-winning paper that utilized novel machine learning methods to enhance interpretability in seismic volume data from the Gulf of Mexico. Discover the power of two open-source tools - SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) and LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) - in enhancing the interpretability of machine models. David takes us through his team's research that garnered an Honorable Mention for Best Paper in Interpretation. He also shares his journey into geophysics, driven by a fascination with the Earth and energy discovery. Listeners will gain insight into the critical role of input quality in machine learning outcomes, the importance of balancing datasets, and the necessity of geoscientific validation. The episode also addresses common misconceptions about machine learning in geophysics, emphasizing the need for critical thinking and geological knowledge to apply these advanced techniques.

Barbara Burger is the former president of Chevron Technology Ventures and describes herself as a "corporate graduate." She now spends her time advising and helping startups and venture funds working on the energy transition, including Greentown Labs, Energy Impact Partners, Emerald Technology Ventures, Syzygy Plasmonics, Heliogen, and many more.In this episode, we discuss her multifaceted career journey and her current role in guiding startups and venture funds in the energy sector. The conversation covers the technological advancements driving the energy transition, the dynamics between large energy companies and startups, and the specific roles of natural gas and hydrogen. Barbara also sheds light on generational shifts in the energy industry, global energy geopolitics, and offers valuable advice for women in the sector. In this episode, we cover: [03:45]: Barbara's book recommendation, "The West Texas Power Plant That Saved the World"[06:47]: Barbara's career journey, starting at Chevron after graduate school[07:41]: Learning and growing in the energy sector, from industrial chemistry to energy economics[09:26]: Shift to Chevron Technology Ventures, focusing on biofuels, renewable fuels, and digitalization[11:14]: Evolution of Chevron Technology Ventures' investment focus[14:46]: The potential of renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel[17:07]: Barbara's insights on the emerging hydrogen value chain[20:21]: Innovations in shale exploration and their impact on the energy industry[22:23]: The integration of oil and gas companies in the clean tech venture space[27:21]: Post-Chevron activities: advising startups and venture funds in the energy transition[31:54]: Advice for large companies working with startups and vice versa[35:00]: The critical role of speed in energy transition[40:11]: Geopolitical aspects of energy in different regions: China, India, Africa[42:11]: Future of natural gas, role of CCUS, and economic factors[47:10]: Generational shifts impacting the energy industry[50:35]: Barbara's career advice for women in energy and tech[53:04]: The necessity of affordable, reliable, and low-impact energy solutionsEpisode recorded on Dec 18, 2023 (Published on Jan 15, 2024) Get connected with MCJ: Jason Jacobs X / LinkedInCody Simms X / LinkedInYin Lu X / LinkedInMCJ Podcast / Collective / YouTube*If you liked this episode, please consider giving us a review! You can also reach us via email at content@mcjcollective.com, where we encourage you to share your feedback on episodes and suggestions for future topics or guests.

Lancet 1990;336:65-71.Background Large trials up to this point had established the role of thrombolytic therapy and aspirin in patients with acute MI. The next question centered on the different types of thrombolytic agents as well as the merits of adding high dose heparin to aspirin following revascularization. Data from smaller studies showed that alteplase (tPA) had a higher recanalization rate at 90 minutes compared to streptokinase (SK). “Recanalization” is a surrogate endpoint – a person doesn't necessarily care whether their artery is open or not at 90 minutes, but instead, whether they live or die, and how they live in the aftermath of a heart attack. The GISSI-2 trial sought to test the hypothesis that tPA would reduce the composite hard endpoint of mortality and extensive LV dysfunction compared to streptokinase (SK) and that heparin plus aspirin compared to aspirin alone would do the same.Cardiology Trial's Substack is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support our work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.Patients Patients were eligible who presented with chest pain and ST segment elevations of ≥1 mm in any limb lead of the ECG and/or ≥2 mm in any precordial leads and were admitted to the CCU within 6 hr from the onset of symptoms. Absolute contraindications included: recent or current bleeding, stroke within the previous 6 months, a surgical or invasive procedure or trauma within the previous 2 weeks, uncontrolled hypertension defined as SBP ≥200 mmHg or DBP ≥110 mmHg, or previous treatment with SK within 6 months.Baseline characteristics The number of patients who were admitted to CCUs with acute myocardial infarctions (MI) over the study period was 38,086 and 12,490 (33%) were ultimately enrolled. Reasons for exclusion included: more than 6 hr from onset of symptoms (61%), contraindications to fibrinolysis (15%), unlikely to have acute MI (13%), administrative reasons (5%), ST depressions (4%) and 1% were not reported. Similar to GISSI-1, which also provided information on patients enrolled versus those who were not, women were more likely to be excluded (30% of excluded vs 20% of enrolled) as were patients >70 years of age (41% of excluded vs 22% of enrolled). The death rate of those excluded was higher (11% of excluded vs 9% of enrolled).Approximately 80% of patients enrolled were men under the age of 70. Patients with inferior (34%) and anterior STEMI's (31%) composed more than half of the cohort. 72% of patients presented within 3 hours of symptom onset and over 95% had Killip scores of II or below with the vast majority being Killip I (78%).Procedures Immediately following randomization half of all patients received either 1.5 MU of SK infused over 1 hour or 100 mg of tPA infused over 3 hours. Since this was a 2x2 factorial design, half of all patients also received 12,500 U of subcutaneous heparin twice daily starting 12 hours after the beginning of the tPA or SK infusion and to be continued until hospital discharge.All patients without specific contraindications were recommended to receive oral aspirin 325 mg/day and 5-10 mg of IV atenolol, even before randomization, as soon as evolving MI was diagnosed.Endpoints The combined primary endpoint consisted of all-cause mortality plus the number of patients who had late (day 4 or later) clinical congestive heart failure, or extensive LV damage (LVEF

PT Snacks is back with the new year! We're kicking it off with Iliotibial Band Syndrome. In this episode, we cover the following:What is the IT Band?What are the current theories of why it gets aggravated?Who gets this diagnosis and how?How do we evaluate this in our patients?What differential diagnoses do we rule out?How is imaging utilized in these patients?What do we do for treatment?What to take a deeper dive into growing your clinical practice and get CCUs at the same time? Go check out igniteclinicalinstitute.com and sign up for our email list HERE.Support the showThe purpose of this podcast is to provide useful, condensed information for exhausted, time-crunched Physical Therapists and Student Physical Therapists who looking to build confidence in their foundational knowledge base and still have time to focus on other important aspects of life. Hit follow to make sure you never miss an episode. Have questions? Want to connect? Contact me at ptsnackspodcast@gmail.com or check out more at ptsnackspodcast.com. On Instagram? Check out the unique content on @dr.kasey.hankins! Need CEUs but low on time and resources? Go to https://www.medbridgeeducation.com/pt-snacks-podcast for over 40% off a year subscription. Use the promo code PTSNACKSPODCAST. This is an affiliate link, but I wouldn't recommend MedBridge if I didn't think they offered value. Willing to support monetarily? Follow the link below to help me continue to create free content. You can also support the show by sharing the word about this show with someone you think would benefit from it.

Carbon capture, utilization and storage is evolving rapidly from a niche market to a mainstream investment theme. To explore the technology, financing and science behind this key piece of the energy transition puzzle, industry leaders and analysts met in Houston for Wood Mackenzie's CCUS Conference. The Interchange Recharged was there, capturing the best conversations and debate from a packed day of discussion. There was so much to unpack, we couldn't fit it all into one podcast, so here's part two of our special broadcast from the conference. There is push in the industry for collaboration between emitters and sequestration, but also between government and policy with permitting. It's a complex task, but vital for developing CCUS infrastructure in as efficiently as possible.First to join David in the studio was Melany Vargas – VP, Head of Hydrogen Consulting at Wood Mac. There are mutual implications between hydrogen and CCUS; hydrogen, as a clean energy alternative will replace existing energy sources. CCUS allows for the continued use of these, while theoretically removing the harmful emissions. Blue hydrogen in particular has a value: you're producing a product with commercial value. That creates the impetus for the application of CCS – you need to justify investment in those harder-to-abate other sectors.Following the examination of hydrogen, David sat down with Brandon Bromberek, Vice-President of oil and gas measurement solutions at Emerson Automated Solutions. Brandon looks at the impact of the IRA, with fiscal momentum helping to make projects more economic, and the shifting in political direction to stand behind carbon capture as a whole. Together David and Brandon explore the regulation around the world – Canada seem to be further ahead than anyone else. Why? Carl Fortin is Global Business Manager, carbon capture and storage at ExxonMobil Low Carbon Solutions. He sat down for a Fireside chat during the day, focused on developing a robust CCUS portfolio. He joins David on the podcast today to explain more about it. We're behind as a society in trying to get to the pace necessary to meet our ambitions for decarbonization, says Carl. How can we improve value chains to accelerate decarbonization? Finally, Tom Nelson from Compact Membrane Systems joins us to explore the biggest challenges in the industry, and how partnerships between engineers and energy producers needs to improve to speed up the rollout of CCUS projects. Don't forget to subscribe to the show and check out part one of our special live broadcast from the conference in Houston, with insight from Lazard, Chevron New Energies and Endress+Hauser. Subscribe to the Interchange Recharged so you don't miss an episode, out every second Friday at 7am ET. Find us on X – we're @interchangeshowSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage is evolving rapidly from a niche market to a mainstream investment theme. To explore the technology, financing and science behind this key piece of the energy transition puzzle, industry leaders and analysts met in Houston for Wood Mackenzie's CCUS Conference.The Interchange: Recharged was there, capturing the best conversations and debate from a packed day of discussion. Across two full episodes, David Banmiller brings you the thoughts and insights from industry experts, as they examine the potential for CCUS to solve some of our biggest challenges in decarbonizing. Will it be the key to decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors? How much more development does the technology need? And where does the carbon actually go once it's captured or sequestered? David kicks things off with the opening remarks from Wood Mac's head of CCUS research: Mhairidh Evans. She explores the current state of the market and highlights some of the existing CCUS infrastructure and projects around the world that are leading the way.George Bilicic, Vice Chairman of Investment Banking, Global Head of Power, Energy & Infrastructure at Lazard is joined by Ed Crooks, Vice-Chair Americas at Wood Mackenzie, as they look at the regulatory environment for CCUS activities, and the complex route of finalizing financial decisions (FID) for projects.Tim Duncan from Talos Energy, and Chris Powers from Chevron New Energies are next to join David in the podcast studio, fresh from a panel discussion on stage in which they looked at the opportunities for corporates in the CCUS space. What are the challenges for operators? What are the key needs to scale a CCUS business?There's an interesting link between green hydrogen and CCUS; this partnership is explored in depth by David's next guest Mercy Renteria, National Business Development Manager of Hydrogen and CCS at Endress+Hauser. Mercy's background in oil and gas, and transition to green technology operation, is indicative of the wider shift across the industry. She stresses the need for collaboration in reaching net zero: as David says often on the show, the energy transition will need a multitude of technologies, working in tandem to achieve net zero.Don't forget to subscribe to the show, and check out part two of our special live broadcast from the conference in Houston, with insight from Exxon Mobil, Wood Mackenzie, Emerson and Compact Membrane Systems.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.