Podcasts about roman emperors

Tue, 20 May 2025 19:15:00 GMT http://relay.fm/focused/230 http://relay.fm/focused/230 David Sparks and Mike Schmitz Journaling Guide Joe Moyer joins us to talk getting started with journaling, navigating major life transitions, and the power of a regular reflection practice. Journaling Guide Joe Moyer joins us to talk getting started with journaling, navigating major life transitions, and the power of a regular reflection practice. clean 4788 Journaling Guide Joe Moyer joins us to talk getting started with journaling, navigating major life transitions, and the power of a regular reflection practice. This episode of Focused is sponsored by: Indeed: Join more than 3.5 million businesses worldwide using Indeed to hire great talent fast. Zocdoc: Find the right doctor, right now with Zocdoc. Sign up for free. Incogni: Take your personal data back with Incogni! Use code FOCUSED with this link and get 60% off an annual plan. Guest Starring: Joe Moyer Links and Show Notes: Deep Focus: Extended ad-free episodes with bonus deep dive content. 24 Letters The Journaling GuideJoe's newsletter When by Daniel Pink Kitchen Confidential by Anthony Bourdain Meditations by Marcus Aurelius Your Story Matters: Overcoming the Perfect Journal Fallacy | 24 Letters Day One Readwise Focused #196: Focus & The Reading Life, with Maryanne Wolf How to Think Like a Roman Emperor by Donald Robertson Letters from a Stoic by Seneca You Need a Manifesto by Charlotte Burgess-Auburn The Enchiridion by Epictetus @thejournalingguide on Threads

The president is declaring emergencies on everything from an “invasion” of immigrants to a mythical shortage of fossil fuel production. But it's all just a ploy for him to act like a Roman emperor. And callers debate police behavior regarding suspected migrants stopped in traffic. Is Donald Trump's ICE actually able to arrest US citizens? What powers does ICE have and when are YOU in danger of being arrested?See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

He's not as well known as the likes of Nero or Caligula, but when it comes to outrageously behaved Roman Emperors, Elagabalus who ruled for four years from 218 to 222, is right up.

No grand battle. No final blaze of glory. In 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire collapsed not with a roar, but with a quiet abdication. A boy emperor - Romulus Augustulus - handed over the regalia of power in Ravenna, signalling the end of an empire that had once ruled the known world. But how did it come to this?In this episode, the finale of our Fall of Rome miniseries, Tristan Hughes is joined by historian and bestselling author Adrian Goldsworthy to chart the chaotic final decades of the Western Roman Empire. From puppet emperors and ruthless kingmakers like Ricimer to the meteoric rise of Odoacer, discover how political infighting, military mutiny, and foreign ambition brought the Roman West to its knees - and ushered in the age of kings.MORE: Roman Emperors with Mary Beard: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7C7wRHjSPeif9pLD2UZJyY?si=5226c8e7f9584336Presented by Tristan Hughes. Audio editor is Aidan Lonergan, the producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.All music courtesy of Epidemic SoundsThe Ancients is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here: https://insights.historyhit.com/history-hit-podcast-always-on

Send us a textWe are going to take a small detour from the history of modern Greece to wrap up the story of the Fifth Crusade. When we left the Fifth Crusade, John of Brienne had returned to Europe to gather more men for the cause. But while he was trying to gain support, the crusader holdings in Egypt fell. And still the Holy Roman Emperor had not arrived, did he? Well, this crusade follows the story of the Roman Emperor Frederick II. Otherwise known as the 6th Crusade. The German Emperor finally had the crown he had dreamt of his whole life. He was now ready to march his entire army south, to the Mediterranean Sea, and sail across the waters to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, where he was going to make the deal of a lifetime, and return Jerusalem to the Crusader States.The History of Modern Greece Podcast covers the events from Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, and the fall of Constantinople in 1453, to the years under the Ottoman Empire, and 1821 when the Greeks fought for independence... all the way to the modern day.Website: www.moderngreecepodcast.comMusic by Mark Jungerman: www.marcjungermann.comCheck out our 2nd Podcast: www.antecedors.com

A Sermon for the Second Sunday after Easter 1 St. Peter 2:18-25 & St. John 10:11-16 by William Klock Let slaves obey their masters with all respect, not only the good and kind ones but also the unkind ones.   Those are jarring words, aren't they?  They have been abused at times in history, shouted by masters at their slaves: “God says you're supposed to obey me and you don't want to disobey God, do you?”  True words, but showing that sometimes true words, when spoken by the wrong person and in the wrong context, turn everything upside-down. Jarring words written by St. Peter in his First Epistle—chapter 2, verse 18.  The verse that leads into today's Epistle.  Originally the Epistle started a few verses later.  At the Reformation Archbishop Cranmer extended the Epistle to verse 19, but to really understand what Peter's saying we need to go back at least to verse 18 to those words about slaves obeying their masters. It also helps to know that slaves were what made the Greco-Roman world go round.  Ten to twenty per cent of the Roman population was slaves and without them life in Rome Empire would have ground to a halt.  When we think about slavery, we probably think about race-based slavery in the United States or maybe in Latin America in the colonial era.  Slavery in Rome wasn't quite the same.  It wasn't based on race.  Slaves were often prisoners of war or debtors or, of course, the children of slaves.  They did have certain rights.  They could own property and even buy their own freedom.  But at its core all slavery is rooted in the idea that you are not your own; you belong to someone else.  You're not a person; you're property.  That slavery exists, whether in Rome or in the Americas or in other parts of the world today, that slavery exists is a stark and profound reminder that the world is not as it should be.  Slaves, as much if not more than anyone else, know the pain and the tears of the present evil age.  And I think that's why Peter singles them out here. But what does slavery have to do with Easter?  Well, think back.  On Easter Day the Epistle, from Paul, reminded us to look up and keep our eyes fixed on the age to come, on the new creation inaugurated by Jesus.  Last Sunday we heard St. John exhorting us to overcome the world—to be stewards and heralds of God's new creation.  This is all what it means to let the reality of Easter—of Jesus' resurrection—work out practically in our lives—to be Easter people.  And today it's St. Peter who speaks to us on this same theme. All through Chapter 2 of his letter Peter has been writing about who and what Jesus and the Spirit have made us: living stones, a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation.  And he writes that God's purpose in all this is that we will “announce the virtuous deed of the one who called [us] out of darkness into his amazing light”.  That's our duty, Brothers and Sisters, to proclaim the mighty and saving deeds of God in Jesus.  To make the good news known to the world. But, Peter warns, don't undermine that Easter proclamation with worldly living.  Here's what he writes beginning at 2:11: My beloved ones, I beg you—strangers and aliens as you are…   Remember that when we are born again in Jesus and the Spirit, we're reborn as part of God's new creation and, even though we still await its consummation, that makes us in a very real sense strangers and aliens in the world we once knew.  The old evil age has been defeated, but it still trundles on even as the new age is breaking in, but that old age no longer has a claim on us.  We belong to Jesus.  We belong to God's new world.  And it is this new world and it's king, Jesus that we proclaim.  But we also need to live this new world too and that's what Peter's getting at.  So he goes on: I beg you to hold back from the fleshly desires that wage war against your true lives.  Keep up good conduct amongst the pagans, so that when they speak against you as evildoers they will observe your good deeds and praise God on the day of his royal arrival.  (1 Peter 2:11-12) Brothers and Sisters, our walk needs to match our talk.  We have been delivered from sin's slavery, but the old temptations are still there.  That's why we vowed in our baptism to fight the world, the flesh, and the devil.  You and I belong to a royal priesthood and a holy nation.  We ought to live holy lives, putting our sinful desires to death.  And we do that not just because it's the right thing to do, but because it is part of our Gospel witness.  This is what it means to be light in the darkness. Peter knew the world needed gospel light.  As bad as we think our world might be, the ancient world was worse.  Unspeakable sin was everywhere.  The sexual immorality of our world doesn't hold a candle to the sexual immorality of ancient Greece and Rome.  And idolatry was woven through every bit of life.  To become a Christians meant withdrawing from all of that, which meant the pagans looked on Christians as impious traitors.  The pagans called Christians atheists, because to worship only one god was pretty much as good as atheism.  They accused Christians of being unpatriotic, because Christians refused to worship the emperor.  If disaster befell a city, the pagans would blame the Christians for angering the gods.  And yet Peter reminds these brothers and sisters that the pagans would also notice how different they were.  In a dog-eat-dog word, these Christians treated each other as equals and they loved each other.  They even pooled their resources to care for widows and orphans—the cast-offs of Greco-Roman society.  In a world of sexual filth, the Christians lived lives of purity.  The Christians became known for adopting the infants—especially the newborn girls—left to die of exposure by the pagans.  The Christians treated women and slaves as equals of free men.  In other words, the Christians were living out as best they could God's new creation in the midst of the old.  They were lifting the veil on God's future, on the day when everything is set to rights, and giving the pagans a glimpse of it.  And the pagans couldn't help but take note, even as they threw all their accusations at the Christians.  Some of the pagans—especially those deeply invested in the evils of this world—they lashed out, they fought back and Christians were thrown into prison and martyred.  But even then, their witness had an impact and a few at first, but then more and more and more were drawn to Jesus through their holy witness—not just the proclamation, but by the lives of these Christians—by faith in Jesus put into practice.  And the world began to change.  New creation spread. So Peter goes on in verses 13-17: Be subject to every human institution, for the sake of the Lord: whether to the emperor as supreme, or to the governors as sent by him to punish evildoers and praise those who do good.  This, you see, is the will of God.  He wants you to behave well and so to silence foolish and ignorant people.  Live as free people (though don't use your freedom as a veil to hide evil!), but as slaves of God.  Do honour to all people; love the family; reverence God; honour the emperor.   So, Brothers and Sisters, so much as we are able—without compromising our gospel principles—we are to keep the peace.  Peter knew that God is sovereign and that he establishes human rulers in this world to keep the peace, to punish evil, and to promote the good.  He knew that those rulers are often far from perfect.  Peter even knew that those rulers are often evil.  However much you may have thought that Justin Trudeau was the worst Prime Minister ever, however much you may think Donald Trump is totally unworthy of the Presidency, the Roman Emperors were worse—far, far, far worse.  Our governments in the West, for all their flaws and even as they forsake the gospel, have been profoundly shaped by that gospel.  That could not be said of Caesar.  And yet even as Nero would light up his garden parties by setting Christians on fire, Peter acknowledged that—generally speaking—God has appointed such men—as we pray—to administer justice, restrain wickedness and vice, and uphold integrity and truth.  So Peter warns Christians to be subject to our earthly rulers.  Jesus has not called us to be violent revolutionaries bent on overthrowing Caesar so that we can impose a theocracy.  Instead, God wants us to “behave well” and in that to silence the accusations of the pagans.  Show honour to all, love our family (he means the church), and honour the emperor.  You don't have to get into idolatry or offer incense to Caesar to be submissive to his God-given authority. You can see how this actually did work if you look at the history of the early church.  Those early Christians lived peaceably.  They refused to comprise.  They refused to participate in idolatry and in sexual immorality and it cost them, but they lived as truly gospel people.  Many of them were martyred for doing so.  And you might think that killing people would put an end to a movement. But this quiet, peaceful, holy living worked.  It gradually silenced the accusations of the pagans, who gradually and increasing numbers were drawn to the good news and to Jesus. Here's the thing.  We know that the world is not as it should be.  In our anger we often want to lash out ourselves, if not to make it right, at least to make it right for ourselves or to get some kind of revenge.  And that only makes things worse.  But as those first Christians lived peaceable and godly lives, as the pagans came to Jesus in faith, the world began to change through their influence.  Gradually the gross sexual immorality disappeared, infanticide and abortion stopped, the brutality of the gladiatorial games ended, the status of women and children rose, and slavery came to an end. Brothers and Sisters, the gospel changes the world through humble, peaceable, and holy Christians as it quietly works its way through a nation until that people or nation itself becomes a witness to Jesus and gospel.  We really need to hear this lesson today.  Those first Christians had no other choice.  They were a minority.  They had no political power.  We, however, living in a world that was once Christian and where Christianity is now in decline and out of fashion, we keep trying to regain it all through political power—forgetting, I think, that the gospel doesn't work that way.  It rises up from below, from the ranks of peaceable, humble, and godly people who proclaim and live it.  We will never overcome the accusations and rejection of the pagans by trying to force the gospel on them.  Rather, they will be drawn to the gospel through our gospel proclamation backed up by our gospel living. And this is where Peter says those startling words: Let slaves obey their masters with all respect, not only the good and kind ones but also the unkind ones.   Did Peter know that one day the influence of the gospel would put an end to slavery?  I don't know.  Slavery was a given in his world.  But Peter knew that slavery was not God's plan for human beings.  He knew that it had no place in God's new creation.  And yet he tells slaves—and it's not like he was just writing this to slaves he didn't know in far away churches, there were surely slaves in Peter's home church, brothers and sisters he loved dearly to whom he said the same thing face to face—Peter tells slaves to obey their masters—even the evil ones.  And I think that's hard for us to hear, because in our world, this sounds like Peter is colluding with injustice.  One of the slogans of our post-modern age is “Silence is violence”.  You have to speak out against evil and injustice.  But Peter was perfectly aware that slavery was an injustice, so let's bear with him. Consider that Peter lived the gospel story very literally.  He was one of the fist Jesus called.  He spent three years being discipled by Jesus.  He was there when Jesus was arrested.  Remember, he was the one who lashed out, drawing his sword, cutting of one of the soldier's ears, putting up a fight for Jesus.  He heard Jesus telling him to put his sword away and he saw Jesus heal that soldier.  And he was there when Jesus was on trial and he was the one who denied knowing Jesus three times.  He was there when they crucified him.  And he was there with John on Easter morning to see the empty tomb and later that day to meet the risen Jesus.  Peter knew that story.  It was as much his story as it was Jesus's story, even if Jesus was the centre of it.  Peter knew what it looked like to bear with injustice and suffering.  He'd seen Jesus do it.  And because Jesus bore with it, because Jesus refused to respond with violence, because Jesus had submitted to death on a cross, everything had changed.  If Jesus hadn't submitted to death, he never would have risen victorious over it and God's new creation would never have been born. Brothers and Sisters, that's how God's new creation, how his redemption works: Sin and death did their worst, and Jesus and the gospel rose triumphant.  And what Peter is saying is that we, as Jesus' people, need to inhabit that same story, make it our own, be willing to suffer and even to die if it comes to that, so that the world can know the power of the gospel—of the good new of Jesus crucified and risen. That's why Peter goes on like he does in verse 21, where he says: This, after all, is what came with the terms of your call.   In other words, this is what you're going to be called to do, this is the life you're going to be called to live when you take up with Jesus in faith.  You're going to have to inhabit his story.  And to make sure we understand what that story is Peter writes what was probably a hymn sung in those early churches. The Messiah, too, suffered on your behalf, leaving behind a pattern for you so that you should follow the way he walked.  He committed no sin, nor was there deceit in his mouth.  When he was insulted, he did not insult in return, when he suffered, he did not threaten, but he gave himself up to the one who judges justly.  He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross, so that we might be free from sins and live for righteousness.  It is by his wounds that you are healed.  For you were going astray like sheep, but now you have returned to the shepherd and guardian of your true lives.  (1 Peter 2:21-25) The crucifixion of Jesus was the most evil and unjust act in history.  Jesus was the one man who deserved nothing but praise and honour and glory, but his own people rejected him, mocked him, beat him, and crucified him.  In Jesus, Peter saw the fulfilment of God's promises through the Prophet Isaiah.  God's royal servant  would fulfil his purposes to save the world, but he would do so by submitting to injustice.  The servant would be insulted, without responding with insults of his own.  He would suffer without casting curses on his torturers.  “He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross” and “we were going astray like sheep” writes Peter, drawing from Isaiah 53.  Jesus took on himself the punishment his people deserved.  Because he was Israel's Messiah, the king and the world's true Lord, he could represent Israel and the rest of us in a way no one else ever could. So with that in mind—with this idea that each of us is called to inhabit the gospel story of the cross and the resurrection—I think we can understand what Peter is getting at when he tells slaves to submit to their masters and for everyone to be subject to earthly rulers.  He's not just saying that we should passively accept suffering and violence and injustice.  What he's saying is that when you and I suffer for the sake of gospel, for the sake of goodness, truth, and beauty, that Jesus' suffering is somehow extended through us, and the saving and life-giving power of his death and resurrection meets this present evil age and its people with transforming power.  It's not an easy thing to do.  Knowing Peter and how impetuous he was, I expect he struggled with this, but he knew.  The flesh cries out “No!”.  The flesh wants to push back—to return insult for insult, to get revenge on those who wrong us.  The flesh doesn't want to wait for the gospel to act like yeast in a lump of dough—slowly working its way through.  We want justice now!  We dismiss the way of suffering, saying that it fails to confront evil, insisting that only power, force, and violence can right the world's wrongs—or at least the wrongs perpetrated against us personally.  And this is precisely why we need to keep our eyes on Jesus and his cross, remembering that his death and resurrection are at the centre of everything.  Remembering that the unjust suffering of God's people is caught up in the suffering of Jesus his son and all part of the same redeeming story. Brothers and Sisters, this is how the world is set to rights.  We think revolution comes by taking up arms and by fighting back, but all that does is replace one evil with another.  The real revolution took place at the cross and it spreads as you and I take up our crosses and follow Jesus.  It's hard.  We want vindication.  We want justice.  We want the world set to rights.  But there is no better way to remember that God has promised us all these things than to live out that future in the here and now. Let's pray: Almighty God, who gave your only Son to be for us both a sacrifice for sin and an example of godly life: Give us grace that we may always receive with thankfulness the immeasurable benefit of his sacrifice, and daily endeavour to follow in the blessed steps of his most holy life, who now lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, on God, for evermore.  Amen.

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus whose names are entwined with the end of Rome's Republic and the rise of the Roman Emperors. As tribunes, they brought popular reforms to the Roman Republic at the end of the 2nd century BC. Tiberius (c163-133BC) brought in land reform so every soldier could have his farm, while Gaius (c154-121BC) offered cheap grain for Romans and targeted corruption among the elites. Those elites saw the reforms as such a threat that they had the brothers killed: Tiberius in a shocking murder led by the Pontifex Maximus, the high priest, in 133BC and Gaius 12 years later with the senate's approval. This increase in political violence was to destabilise the Republic, forever tying the Gracchi to the question of why Rome's Republic gave way to the Rome of Emperors.WithCatherine Steel Professor of Classics at the University of GlasgowFederico Santangelo Professor of Ancient History at Newcastle UniversityAndKathryn Tempest Lecturer in Roman History at the University of LeicesterProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Appian (trans. John Carter), The Civil Wars (Penguin Classics, 2005)Valentina Arena, Jonathan R. W. Prag and Andrew Stiles, A Companion to the Political Culture of the Roman Republic (Wiley-Blackwell, 2022), especially the chapter by Lea Beness and Tom HillardR. Cristofoli, A. Galimberti and F. Rohr Vio (eds.), Costruire la Memoria: Uso e abuso della storia fra tarda repubblica e primo principato (L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2017), especially ‘The 'Tyranny' of the Gracchi and the Concordia of the Optimates: An Ideological Construct.' by Francisco Pina PoloSuzanne Dixon, Cornelia: Mother of the Gracchi, (Routledge, 2007)Peter Garnsey and Dominic Rathbone, ‘The Background to the Grain Law of Gaius Gracchus' (Journal of Roman Studies 75, 1985)O. Hekster, G. de Kleijn and D. Slootjes (eds.), Crises and the Roman Empire (Brill, 2007), especially ‘Tiberius Gracchus, Land and Manpower' by John W. RichJosiah Osgood, Rome and the Making of a World State, 150 BCE-20 CE (Cambridge University Press, 2018)Plutarch (trans. Ian Scott-Kilvert and Christopher Pelling), Rome in Crisis (Penguin Classics, 2010) Plutarch (trans. Robin Waterfield, ed. Philip A. Stadter), Roman Lives (Oxford University Press, 2008)Nathan Rosenstein, ‘Aristocrats and Agriculture in the Middle and Late Republic' (Journal of Roman Studies 98, 2008)A. N. Sherwin-White, ‘The Lex Repetundarum and the Political Ideas of Gaius Gracchus' (Journal of Roman Studies 72, 1982) Catherine Steel, The End of the Roman Republic, 146 to 44 BC: Conquest and Crisis (Edinburgh University Press, 2013)David Stockton, The Gracchi (Oxford University Press, 1979)In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the brothers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus whose names are entwined with the end of Rome's Republic and the rise of the Roman Emperors. As tribunes, they brought popular reforms to the Roman Republic at the end of the 2nd century BC. Tiberius (c163-133BC) brought in land reform so every soldier could have his farm, while Gaius (c154-121BC) offered cheap grain for Romans and targeted corruption among the elites. Those elites saw the reforms as such a threat that they had the brothers killed: Tiberius in a shocking murder led by the Pontifex Maximus, the high priest, in 133BC and Gaius 12 years later with the senate's approval. This increase in political violence was to destabilise the Republic, forever tying the Gracchi to the question of why Rome's Republic gave way to the Rome of Emperors.WithCatherine Steel Professor of Classics at the University of GlasgowFederico Santangelo Professor of Ancient History at Newcastle UniversityAndKathryn Tempest Lecturer in Roman History at the University of LeicesterProducer: Simon TillotsonReading list:Appian (trans. John Carter), The Civil Wars (Penguin Classics, 2005)Valentina Arena, Jonathan R. W. Prag and Andrew Stiles, A Companion to the Political Culture of the Roman Republic (Wiley-Blackwell, 2022), especially the chapter by Lea Beness and Tom HillardR. Cristofoli, A. Galimberti and F. Rohr Vio (eds.), Costruire la Memoria: Uso e abuso della storia fra tarda repubblica e primo principato (L'Erma di Bretschneider, 2017), especially ‘The 'Tyranny' of the Gracchi and the Concordia of the Optimates: An Ideological Construct.' by Francisco Pina PoloSuzanne Dixon, Cornelia: Mother of the Gracchi, (Routledge, 2007)Peter Garnsey and Dominic Rathbone, ‘The Background to the Grain Law of Gaius Gracchus' (Journal of Roman Studies 75, 1985)O. Hekster, G. de Kleijn and D. Slootjes (eds.), Crises and the Roman Empire (Brill, 2007), especially ‘Tiberius Gracchus, Land and Manpower' by John W. RichJosiah Osgood, Rome and the Making of a World State, 150 BCE-20 CE (Cambridge University Press, 2018)Plutarch (trans. Ian Scott-Kilvert and Christopher Pelling), Rome in Crisis (Penguin Classics, 2010) Plutarch (trans. Robin Waterfield, ed. Philip A. Stadter), Roman Lives (Oxford University Press, 2008)Nathan Rosenstein, ‘Aristocrats and Agriculture in the Middle and Late Republic' (Journal of Roman Studies 98, 2008)A. N. Sherwin-White, ‘The Lex Repetundarum and the Political Ideas of Gaius Gracchus' (Journal of Roman Studies 72, 1982) Catherine Steel, The End of the Roman Republic, 146 to 44 BC: Conquest and Crisis (Edinburgh University Press, 2013)David Stockton, The Gracchi (Oxford University Press, 1979)In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production

From Gladiator to Rome Total War to I, Claudius, today the Cohortēs praetōriae are one of the most distinctive military units of Imperial Rome. It was their job to protect the Roman Emperor and his household, a task for which they hold a somewhat ‘chequered' record (especially when we focus in on the Praetorian Prefects). But what do we know about this unit's origins? How did this powerful force become protectors of the Emperor and his household? What other functions did they serve? And how did they differ from the standard Roman legions in their structure?To talk through the rise of the Praetorian Guard, with a specific focus on the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, Tristan caught up with historian Lindsay Powell at Fishbourne Roman Palace in West Sussex. Lindsay is the author of several books about the Early Roman Imperial Period. His latest book, Bar Kokhba: The Jew Who Defied Hadrian and Challenged the Might of Rome, is out now.Presented by Tristan Hughes. The producer is Joseph Knight. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.The Ancients is a History Hit podcast.All music from Epidemic SoundsSign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here.This episode first aired in October 2021.

Have you ever heard of the Emperor who made his horse a senator? Seems like a top bloke, right? Today on Betwixt the Sheets we're going to meet (possibly) the most debauched Roman Emperor.From stealing brides from their wedding days to an unhealthy obsession with his sister, who was Caligula and was he a f*ckboy? Kate is joined by historian Alexander Meddings to find out. Alexander is a Rome-based historian and travel writer. He leads tours of the Appian Way - one of the most important roads of Ancient Rome.This episode was edited by Tom Delargy and produced by Sophie Gee. The senior producer was Charlotte Long.If you'd like to get in touch with the show you can contact us at betwixt@historyhit.com.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe.  You can take part in our listener survey here.All music from Epidemic Sounds.Betwixt the Sheets: History of Sex, Scandal & Society is a History Hit podcast.

Send us a textAs we return to the Empire in Nicaea, we follow the reign of Emperor John Vatatzes. After rebuilding the Byzantine Navy, he launched an invasion of Thrace and expanded Nicaea into Europe. While John spent most of his reign on the battlefield, his son Theodore grew up in the Empire in exile. Because of his prolific writing, we have an insight into his thoughts and ideas. We can see how he viewed the East as Superior to the West and thought of himself and all his friends, who grew up in Anatolia and never knew Constantinople before the fall. It is here that Theodore brings up the idea of a return to Greek life before the Romans. A cultural identity that is separate from just the Orthodox Church and the Roman Emperors.The History of Modern Greece Podcast covers the events from Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, and the fall of Constantinople in 1453, to the years under the Ottoman Empire, and 1821 when the Greeks fought for independence... all the way to the modern-day.Website: www.moderngreecepodcast.comMusic by Mark Jungerman: www.marcjungermann.comCheck out our 2nd Podcast: www.antecedors.com

Let's Make Sense of Meditations, by Marcus Aurelius. Written nearly 2,000 years ago, Meditations by Marcus Aurelius remains one of the most profound and practical guides for self-mastery, emotional resilience, and personal growth. Originally penned as private journal entries, this timeless work invites us into the inner thoughts of a Roman Emperor who faced war, betrayal, illness, and loss—yet continuously returned to clarity, humility, and duty. At the heart of Meditations lies the Stoic philosophy, a school of thought born in ancient Greece and adopted by the Romans. Stoicism teaches that while we can't control external events, we can control our reactions. In today's chaotic world of uncertainty, distraction, and overstimulation, Marcus's calm and centered voice feels more relevant than ever. Whether you're integrating deep spiritual insights, navigating post-breakthrough emotional storms, or simply looking to become more grounded, Stoicism offers a toolkit for aligning with your highest self, even in the face of suffering. Welcome to the Makes Sense with Dr. JC Doornick Podcast: This podcast covers topics that expand human consciousness and performance. On the Makes Sense Podcast, we acknowledge that it's who you are that determines how well what you do works and that perception is a subjective and acquired taste. When you change the way you look at things, the things you look at begin to change. Welcome to the uprising of the sleepwalking masses. Welcome to the Makes Sense with Dr. JC Doornick Podcast. ►Follow the Dr. JC Doornick and the Makes Sense Academy: Instagram: / drjcdoornick   Facebook:  / makessensepodcast   YouTube:  / drjcdoornick   Join us as we unpack and make sense of the challenges associated with living in a comparative reality in this fast-moving egocentric world.  MAKES SENSE PODCAST SUBSCRIBE/RATE/REVIEW & SHARE our new podcast. FOLLOW the NEW Podcast - You will find a "Follow" button top right. This will enable the podcast software to alert you when a new episode launches each week.  Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/makes-sense-with-dr-jc-doornick/id1730954168 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1WHfKWDDReMtrGFz4kkZs9?si=003780ca147c4aec Podcast Affiliates: Kwik Learning: Many people ask me where i get all these topics for almost 15 years? I have learned to read at almost 4 times faster with 10X retention from Kwik Learning. Learn how to learn and earn with Jim Kwik. Get his program at a special discount here:  https://jimkwik.com/dragon  OUR SPONSORS:  Welcome to the Makes Sense with Dr. JC Doornick Podcast: This podcast covers topics that expand human consciousness and performance. On the Makes Sense Podcast, we acknowledge that it's who you are that determines how well what you do works and that perception is a subjective and acquired taste. When you change the way you look at things, the things you look at begin to change. Welcome to the uprising of the sleepwalking masses. Welcome to the Makes Sense with Dr. JC Doornick Podcast. - Makes Sense Academy: A private mastermind and psychological safe full of the Mindset, and Action steps that will help you begin to thrive. The Makes Sense Academy. https://www.skool.com/makes-sense-academy/about  - The Sati Experience: A retreat designed for the married couple that truly loves one another yet wants to take their love to that higher magical level where. Come relax, reestablish and renew your love at the Sati Experience. https://www.satiexperience.com   

Dr. Hoffman continues his conversation with Dr. Chris Warren, author of "Starved for Light: The Long Shadow of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency."

The Long Shadow of Rickets: Vitamin D, Historical Insights, and Modern Implications. Dr. Chris Warren, a history professor at Brooklyn College delves into the origins and prevalence of rickets, a condition now largely unknown but once widespread. Dr. Warren explains the factors contributing to rickets, particularly Vitamin D deficiency, and shares insights from his book, "Starved for Light: The Long Shadow of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency." The discussion covers socioeconomic, industrial, and environmental aspects, along with the relevance of cod liver oil, sunlight exposure, and the evolution of Vitamin D synthesis. There are also reflections on modern implications of Vitamin D deficiency and racial differences in processing Vitamin D. The episode concludes with a look at how historical medical practices around rickets influenced today's medical norms and practices.

This is The Briefing, a daily analysis of news and events from a Christian worldview.Part I (00:13 - 16:27)Trump Says Tariffs are a ‘Big, Beautiful Word' – But What's Behind His Push for Tariffs? Do They Help the U.S.?Part II (16:27 - 20:31)Who Will Win the Tariff War? President Trump is Banking on the U.S. to Be Able to Wait Out Other Governments in a Tariff WarPart III (20:31 - 24:56)Diocletian and Price Control in Croatia: The Retirement of a Roman Emperor and the Price Control Policy That Didn't LastSign up to receive The Briefing in your inbox every weekday morning.Follow Dr. Mohler:X | Instagram | Facebook | YouTubeFor more information on The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, go to sbts.edu.For more information on Boyce College, just go to BoyceCollege.com.To write Dr. Mohler or submit a question for The Mailbox, go here.

Like a palimpsest, Bradwell on Sea is a land of layers, Roman Emperors and World War II dugouts, as well as the oldest Saxon church in England. Join me and my guest as we range across this areas of Essex discovering its treasures and stories.

Breht listens to, reflects on, and critically engages with a public lecture by the late philosopher Michael Sugrue titled Marcus Aurelius' Meditations: The Stoic Ideal. He discusses the philosophy of Stoicism, its insights as well as its limitations, its commodification and bastardization under late capitalism, the dialectical inversion of the philosophy of a Roman Emperor for proletarian revolutionaries, Virtue Ethics, Mahayana Buddhism and The Four Brahmaviharas, the importance of courage and discipline and responsibility, Momento Mori, the Cardinal Virtues, equipping ourselves mentally and emotionally for a lifetime of class struggle, seeking the balance of the Middle Path, Marxist Dialectics, and much more!  Professor Sugrue passed away last year, and Breht has always found his free, public lectures on philosophy to be helpful and really well done. In the spirit of free and open access to education, Breht offers his knowledge of philosophy alongside this offering by Professor Sugrue. The use of this lecture series falls under the protections of the Fair Use doctrine.  Outro Music: "Lilac Wine" by Nina Simone Check out all our other Philosophy Series episodes HERE Support Rev Left and get access to bonus episodes: www.patreon.com/revleftradio Follow RLR on IG HERE Make a one-time donation to Rev Left at BuyMeACoffee.com/revleftradio

On this episode, Cody and Steve discuss the man who would be okay with us having a king, Nathaniel Gorham.Podcast to recommend: Totalus Rankium Pirates (Totalus Rankium | Ranking all the Roman Emperors and American Presidents)Sources· Hauptman, Laurence M. Conspiracy of Interests: Iroquois Dispossession and the Rise of New York State. Syracuse, NY; Syracuse U. Press, 2001.· Morton, Joseph C. Shapers of the Great Debate at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2006.· See pinned post on Bluesky for general sources Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The Mustard Seed of Faith: How Small Actions Shape Our Spiritual Journey The readings we hear today—from the Letter to the Hebrews and the Gospel of Mark—share a common theme: . . . . . . they were written during times of Christian persecution. The first reading describes the hardships faced by early believers: some were killed, others imprisoned, and many had their possessions taken—all because of their faith in Jesus Christ. Yet, the message remains firm: “Do not lose your confidence. Do not lose hope.” A similar theme appears in the Gospel of Mark. Mark wrote his Gospel in Rome during a period of severe persecution. At that time, professing faith in Christ was essentially a death sentence. The Roman Emperor was seen as the only “lord,” and acknowledging Jesus as Lord was considered treason. In such a hostile environment, Mark wrote to encourage those who were discouraged, those who wondered: When will God's Kingdom come? When will this suffering end? Jesus Gives Us Two Parables To answer this, Mark presents two parables of Jesus. The first parable compares the Kingdom of God to a farmer who scatters seed. Though he does not see the process, the seed sprouts and grows until it is ready for harvest. This teaches us that God's Kingdom is already at work, even when we cannot see it. It may not be immediately visible, but it is growing steadily, in ways beyond our understanding. The second parable is of the mustard seed — the smallest of all seeds, yet it grows into a great shrub, providing shelter and shade. This illustrates that God's work often begins in small, seemingly insignificant ways but eventually flourishes into something great. Living the Kingdom in Our Daily Lives But how does this apply to our daily lives? As Christians gathered here today, our hope is in the Kingdom of God. We are called to have faith in its presence and growth in our lives. Take, for example, a simple habit like coming to church. The first day, it may feel like an effort. The second day, it becomes easier. Over time, it becomes a natural part of life. A small act of faith, when nurtured, grows into a way of life. The same is true for acts of kindness — one small, good deed can lead to another, and eventually, it shapes our character and spreads goodness into the world. However, the opposite is also true. Just as good deeds grow, small sins, if unchecked, can lead to greater sins. A single act of dishonesty can lead to a pattern of deceit. A moment of selfishness can turn into a hardened heart. We see these patterns in Scripture and in our own lives. The Example of St. John Bosco Today, we commemorate St. John Bosco, a man who understood the power of small actions. He began by helping just a few poor boys, guiding them in faith and education. Over time, his mission expanded, leading to the formation of schools and eventually a religious congregation dedicated to educating and uplifting young people. What started as a single act of compassion blossomed into a movement that continues to transform lives today. A Personal Reflection As we reflect on today's message, let us ask ourselves: * What small actions can I take today that will grow into something greater for God's Kingdom? * Am I allowing small sins to take root in my heart, leading me away from God? Let us pray through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who, through her simple “yes” to God, became an instrument of salvation for all humanity. May we, too, become agents of God's Kingdom through the small yet powerful choices we make each day. Listen to this Meditation Media. Understand how these parables impact our spiritual journey. The Mustard Seed of Faith: How Small Actions Shape Our Spiritual Journey *************************** Image The Parable of the Mustard Seed: Etching: Dutch Poet and Illustrator: Jan Luyken: 17th Century *************************** Gospel Reading: Mark 4: 26-34 First Reading: Hebrews 10: 32-39

In this sermon by Chris Romig, the focus is on the letter to the church at Smyrna from the Book of Revelation, emphasizing the steadfast faith and tribulations of early Christians engulfed by a culture of paganism and emperor worship. Pastor Chris highlights how Jesus reassures the Smyrnans that, despite their suffering and poverty, they are spiritually rich. He encourages them to remain faithful, promising the reward of the crown of life and deliverance from the "second death." Chris underscores essential Christian doctrines, such as the divinity of Jesus Christ and the truth of His Resurrection, warning against modern progressive theology that seeks to undermine these foundational beliefs. He asserts the biblical teaching of two eternal destinies, heaven and hell, urging believers to hold fast to the core tenets of their faith. Addressing the theme of suffering, Chris refutes the prosperity gospel, emphasizing that faithful followers of Christ are not spared from pain and challenges. Instead, God values holiness over temporal happiness, promising eternal rewards for those who endure tribulations with faith. Chris concludes by drawing inspiration from Athanasius, an early church father known for his defense of Christian truth against heresy. He offers a prayer for courage and faithfulness, highlighting the legacy of past and present believers who remain steadfast in their faith. The sermon reassures Christians that God's promises are true and that His presence guides them through every trial, just as it did for the faithful Smyrnans.

We discuss 5 different views of who Jesus was, and why they all fail in comparison to the truth. From Mythicists like Richard Carrier, to skeptics like Bart Ehrman - Gnostic and SpiritScience theories, and conspiracies of Roman Emperors, we try to touch on every category and debunk it. Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/foundcausepodcast Podbean (download episodes): http://foundcause.podbean.com/ @ Us On Twitter: @found_cause

Heraclius was one of the greatest of all Roman Emperors and soldiers, and in 628-30 he secured a complete victory over Rome's oldest enemy - Sasanian Persia.Create Harmony This is a podcast about setting an intentional rhythm, savoring life's blessings and...Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifyFor a free ebook, maps and blogs check out my website nickholmesauthor.comFind my latest book, Justinian's Empire, on Amazon.com and Amazon.co.uk. For German listeners, find the German translation of the first book in my series on the 'Fall of the Roman Empire', Die römische Revolution, on Amazon.de.

It's been over a year since Nick Carver and Cody Schultz sat down to discuss creativity at large. Life has a tendency of slipping by like that. LINKSNick CarverCreative Banter Episode 57Cal NewportDatsun 240Z RestorationEpic SpacemanSecret Invasions Intro ControversyThe War of Art by Steven Pressfield How to Think like a Roman Emperor by Donald J. RobertsonSimon Sarris SUPPORT THE SHOW Join Our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Join The ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Discussion⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Save 10% on your Nature Photographers Network membership Use offer code CODY10 at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://fas.st/t/DPn6af1c⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ CONNECT WITH BEN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.benhorne.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠  Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@benhorne⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠  YouTube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Ben Horne⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ CONNECT WITH CODY Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.codyschultz.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠  MUSIC The Introvert by Michael Kobrin (licensed through Pixabay) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- This post may contain affiliate links. If you use these links to buy something, I may earn a commission. Thanks.

In this episode, Michael and Caleb explore Meditations 4.49-51, where Marcus Aurelius discusess resilience, misfortune, death, and simplicity. Be like a promontory against crashing waves.(01:09) 49, Section 1(08:20) 49, Section 2(11:21) It's Not Things Themselves That Harm Us(15:44) Powerful Phrases(17:45) Stoicism Is For Everyone(21:21) 50(33:39) 51***Subscribe to The Stoa Letter for weekly meditations, actions, and links to the best Stoic resources: www.stoaletter.com/subscribeDownload the Stoa app (it's a free download): https://stoameditation.com/podIf you try the Stoa app and find it useful, but truly cannot afford it, email us and we'll set you up with a free account.Listen to more episodes and learn more here: https://stoameditation.com/blog/stoa-conversations/Thanks to Michael Levy for graciously letting us use his music in the conversations: https://ancientlyre.com/

Today's wisdom comes from How to Think Like a Roman Emperor by Donald Robertson.   If you're loving Heroic Wisdom Daily, be sure to subscribe to the emails at heroic.us/wisdom-daily. And… Imagine unlocking access to the distilled wisdom form 700+ of the greatest books ever written. That's what Heroic Premium offers: Unlimited access to every Philosopher's Note. Daily inspiration and actionable tools to optimize your energy, work, and love. Personalized coaching features to help you stay consistent and focused Upgrade to Heroic Premium →   Or, ready to go next level?   Join Heroic Elite, a 101-day training program designed to help you unlock your potential and achieve real, measurable results. Optimize your energy, work, and love with a proven system for transformation. Become the best, most Heroic version of yourself.   Join Heroic Elite →   And finally: Know someone who'd love this? Share Heroic Wisdom Daily with them, and let's grow together in 2025!   Share Heroic Wisdom Daily →

The second Arab siege of Constantinople should probably just be called the "real" Arab siege of Constantinople. In 717 the Umayyad Caliphate seriously threatened the continued existence of the Roman Empire by besieging the capital from both land and sea. The the army of the Caliphate vastly outnumbered the Roman defenders. But the Romans still had a few tricks up their sleeves. The formidable Theodosian walls, the horrifying flaming liquid known as Greek Fire, and one most slippery men to ever be called Roman Emperor all helped Constantinople weather the Umayyad storm. How did the Romans manage to survive this time? Tune-in and find out how tricky Greeks, unquenchable flames, and general who was just too darn honest all play a role in the story.

The Roman Emperor was the most powerful figure on earth. Called the “divine” Son of God, his victories were “Good News”. So, why should you entrust your life to the most powerLESS man on earth (or so it seemed), crucified as a common criminal?

In this week's episode of the Teach Different Podcast, hosts Dan and Steve Fouts discuss a quote by Roman Emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius: "The happiness of your life depends on the quality of your thoughts." They explore the claim of the quote: internal thoughts control happiness, and unpack the counterclaim: external circumstances significantly influence one's mental state. Special guest and Teach Different producer, Siye Dlamini, weighs in on the conversation by sharing parallel quotes and discussing the role of gratitude and social influences on happiness.  Image source:  Louvre Museum, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marcus_Aurelius_Louvre_Ma1161_n1.jpg

Like the rest of us, the world's royals are mere mortals who meet our universal fate in the end. But for some, that end came about in unusual ways - infected simian bites, the ingestion of liquid gold, genital maggots, a surfeit of lampreys, and the sweetest, perhaps: death by pastry. Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast. To advertise on this podcast, reach out to info@amplitudemediapartners.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Why is Christmas celebrated on December 25th and is it because of a Roman Emperor? Did Romans take off work and celebrate the winter holidays like we do? We'll tell you all about that as well as how Christmas is celebrated in Italy today. We'll answer questions like who brings gifts to Italian children on Christmas eve and do Italians have Christmas trees? With the Jubilee coming up we highly recommend booking hotels in Rome as soon as possible, if you're planning on visiting in 2025. If you're visiting other parts of Italy in the coming year and want to know when to book hotels and flights, check out our episode ⁠When to Book: Hotels and Flights ⁠ and even ⁠When to Book: Trains and Buses⁠. If you'd like to help out Only A Bag, you can use our affiliate links marked with an asterisk.  For hotels, we tend to use ⁠Booking⁠* since we're already a part of their member program, but ⁠Expedia⁠* also has a robust member program with similar prices on hotel rooms. For an aggregate that seems to offer slightly better deals across the board, we recommend checking out ⁠Agoda⁠*.    If you're looking to book flights, we like to use the airline's website, however, some aggregates do offer better deals, so we always recommend checking ⁠⁠Expedia⁠⁠* or ⁠⁠Booking⁠⁠* before purchasing.  And if you've always loved the idea of staying in Italy for an extended period and becoming part of the culture, we can't recommend housesitting enough. While it does often entail taking care of someone's pet, it can also be a gateway to seeing Italy in a totally new way. We use ⁠Trusted Housesitters⁠* which has a fairly steep upfront cost (a few hundred dollars) but that's covered with a few nights of a house sit which should never cost you money.    Thank you so much for listening! We would absolutely appreciate it if you could follow us and rate us wherever you listen; it helps the podcast grow and it makes us feel like we're making a difference!  You can find more at ⁠⁠onlyabag.com⁠⁠ and contact us via email at onlyabagpodcast@gmail.com or on Instagram at ⁠⁠@onlyabagpodcast⁠⁠. 

Revelation 10 04 December 2024 Revelation 5:1 -  Andrew of Caesarea, Commentary on the Apocalypse, ed. David G. Hunter, trans. Eugenia Scarvelis Constantinou, vol. 123, The Fathers of the Church (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2011), 85–112. o can stand?” Loosening of the First Seal 6:1. And I saw when the Lamb opened one of the seals, and I heard one of the four living beings saying, with a voice like thunder, “Come!” And here the good order of those in heaven is shown, from the first orders coming down to the second. Thus, from one of the fourfold-appearing living beings, that is, the lion, he heard originating from the first voice the command “come” to the angel forming the vision through an angel in a figurative fashion. The first living being, the lion, seems to me to show the princely spirit of the apostles against the demons, about whom it has been said: “Behold, the kings of the earth have been gathered together,” and also, “You will appoint them as rulers upon all the earth.”2 [60] 6:2. And I saw, and behold, a white horse, and the one sitting on it having a bow; and a crown was given to him, and he went out conquering and to conquer. … Thus we explained the loosening of the first seal as meaning the generation of the apostles, [61] those who bend the gospel message like a bow against the demons … [and the return of the nations] Loosening of the Second Seal 6:3. And when he opened the second seal, I heard the second living being saying, “Come.” I think the second living being, the calf, is said to characterize the priestly sacrifice of the holy martyrs, while the first describes the apostolic authority, as was said. 6:4. And out came another horse, bright red, and the one sitting [62] upon it was permitted to take the peace from the earth, so that people should slay one another; and he was given a large sword. We suppose that this means the second succession of the apostles, which is completely fulfilled through martyrs and teachers, during which, while the remainder of the gospel message was spreading, the peace of the world was abolished, nature having been divided against itself according to that which had been said by Christ, “I did not come to bring peace to the earth but a sword,” through which the slain martyrs were lifted up to the heavenly altar. The fire-red horse a symbol of either the shedding of blood or the flaming disposition of those suffering for Christ. What was written about the one seated on , that he was permitted to take the peace, shows the all-wise allowance of God testing the faithful servants through trials. Loosening of the Third Seal 6:5. And when he opened the third seal, I heard the third living being saying, “Come!” I think the third living being, the man, is said to signify the fall of people and, because of that, torment, on account of the easy fall into sin through the power of free choice. 6:5b–6. 5b And I saw, and behold, a black horse, and the one sitting on it having a scale in his hand; 6 and I heard like a voice in the midst of the four living beings saying, “A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius; and do not harm oil and wine!” It is likely and sensible for a literal famine to occur then, just as it will also be announced by what follows. … Loosening of the Fourth Seal, Showing the Chastisements Which Befall the Impious 6:7. And when he opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living being saying, “Come!” [65] The fourth living being, that is, the eagle, its high flight and keen eyesight coming down upon its prey from above, can signify the wounds from the divinely led wrath of God for the revenge of the pious and the punishment of the impious, unless being improved by these they return. 6:8. And I saw, and behold, a pale horse, and the name of the one sitting upon was Death. And Hades follows him. And they were given authority over a fourth of the earth, to kill by sword and by famine and by death and by wild beasts of the earth. The series drawn out previously are connected to the present events. For as Eusebius says in the eighth chapter of the ninth book of his Ecclesiastical History, in the zenith of the persecutions, during the reign of Maximin the Roman Emperor, innumerable crowds were killed by the coming of famine and plague among them, along with other calamities; and such that were not able to bury them, and yet the Christians then generously busied themselves with the burial , and many of those who had been deceived2 were led to [66] the knowledge of the truth by the philanthropy of the Christians. … Seal, Meaning the Saints Crying Out to the Lord About the End of the World 6:9–10. 9 And when he opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of people who had been slain on account of the word of God and on account of the witness which they had . They cried out with a loud voice, saying, 10 “How long, O holy and true Master, before you judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell upon the earth?” 6:11. And he gave them each a white robe and told them to rest again a little longer, until their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed in the future, even as they , completed . And by these the saints seem to be asking for the full consummation of the world. Wherefore, they are called upon to endure patiently until the completion of the brothers, so that they will not become complete without them, according to the Apostle Loosening of the Sixth Seal, Signifying the Upcoming Plagues at the End of Time 6:12–13. 12 And I saw, and when he opened the sixth seal, and a great earthquake occurred, and the sun became black as sackcloth, and the moon became like blood. 13 And the stars of the sky fell to the earth as the fig tree casts its winter fruit when shaken by a great wind; It seems to us that here a shift has taken place beginning from the time of persecutions to the time before the departure of the pseudo-Christ, during which so many afflictions were prophesied to come, and perhaps the people, being practiced in these afflictions, did not renounce the punishments brought upon them by the Antichrist, of such a sort as we have never known. We often find in the Scriptures that an earthquake certainly a change in events. … 6:14a. And the sky vanished like a scroll that is rolled up, The sky rolled up like a scroll hints at either the unknown of the second coming of Christ—because silently and in a moment the scroll is opened—or also that the heavenly powers feel pain over those who fall from the faith as if they will suffer some kind of twisting on account of sympathy and sorrow. … 6:14b–17. 14b And every mountain and island was moved from its place. 15 And the kings of the earth and the great men and the rich and the commanders of thousands [and the strong], and every slave and every freeman, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains, 16 and they say to the mountains and to the rocks, “Fall on us and hide us from the face of him who is seated on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb; 17 for the great day of his wrath has come, and who can stand?”  

In this episode of Talking History - the story of Caracalla and Geta, the two emperors who share power in the new Gladiator 2 film, how their father Severus transformed Rome, and how their dynasty ended in violence and murder. Patrick Geoghegan is joined by Dr David Woods, Head of the Department of Classics at UCC; Prof Mark Humphries, Professor of Ancient History, Swansea University; and Dr Rebecca Usherwood, Assistant Professor in Late Antique and Early Byzantine Studies at Trinity College Dublin.

Ridley Scott's epic historical sequel, Gladiator II promises to be a dramatic and spectacular, if not particularly historically accurate roller-coaster ride through the Roman Empire. And while there are already some excellent videos out there discussing the authenticity of the battle scenes, dramatic deaths and exactly which era saw the flooding of the Colosseum, I want to take a look at something different – the cast of characters and their real historic counterparts. Today let's explore the family trees which connect the key players, sort out who was real and who was fictional, meet a few fascinating women who did more than wait around to be rescued, and discover everyone's true fates, which are even more dramatic than Hollywood could come up with. Caution, there will be some spoilers, but I won't give away the ending of the new film, only what really happened in history. Gladiator I : Marcus Aurelius Commodus The Year of Five Emperors - 193 Pertinax Didius Julianus Pescennius Niger Clodius Albinus Septimius Severus Gladiator II: Caracalla and Geta Macrinus Join me every Tuesday when I'm Spilling the Tea on History! Check out my Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/lindsayholiday Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100091781568503 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyteatimelindsayholiday/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@historyteatime Please consider supporting me at https://www.patreon.com/LindsayHoliday and help me make more fascinating episodes! Intro Music: Baroque Coffee House by Doug Maxwell Music: Dragon Rojo by The Mini Vandals #HistoryTeaTime #LindsayHoliday #gladiator2 Please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Valentinian, son of the Rope Man, emerged from dad's shadow, paid his dues in the army, and was in the right place at the right time when Julian's short-lived successor Jovian died somewhere outside Ancyra.  Rising to the purple with his brother Valens (Adrianople anyone?) by his side, Valentinian would go on to rule from the west, holding the Rhine, recovering Britannia, and quashing rebelling in Africaa.  He would be the last truly dominant Roman Emperor to rule the West, with the help of two savage she-bears, but was he a hero?  

Emperor Caligula was perhaps the most notorious of Roman Emperors, making Diocletian look reasonable by comparison. Sources: https://www.returntotradition.org Contact Me: Email: return2catholictradition@gmail.com Support My Work: Patreon https://www.patreon.com/AnthonyStine SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.net/return-to-tradition Buy Me A Coffee https://www.buymeacoffee.com/AnthonyStine Physical Mail: Anthony Stine PO Box 3048 Shawnee, OK 74802 Follow me on the following social media: https://www.facebook.com/ReturnToCatholicTradition/ https://twitter.com/pontificatormax +JMJ+ --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/anthony-stine/support

In this episode we investigate the claim made by conservative Christians every year that Christmas is being threatened by forces they are weirdly shy about specifically naming. But of course the first and foremost piece of cognitive dissonance we must force our way through when examining the threat to Christmas is where it has ACTUALLY come from, historically. Christmas had been frowned upon and ignored in a lot of Protestant places throughout Europe for as long as the Protestant movement had existed. Their reasoning was pretty straight forward. Unbelievably straightforward and logical for Christians actually. The Christmas celebration is simply not Christian. The earliest mention of any Christmas celebration is from a Roman Bishop in 129ce. Long after the New Testament authors had passed. So while not celebrated by some Europeans, the first official state ban was introduced by the British Puritan Parliament in 1647. And that's where our story will start. It features cameo guest star appearances from Oliver Cromwell, King Charles II, Jesus Christ, USA, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Henry Ford, Santa Claus, Barry Goldwater, John Birch Society, COMMUNISTS, United Nations, Peter Brimelow, VDARE, Alien Nation: Common Sense About America's Immigration Disaster, Immigration and Bad Social Policies Don't Mix; A White Ethnic Core, Southern Poverty Law Center, Anti-Defamation League, Virginia Dare, Brown Vs Board of Education, Conservative Political Action Conference, CPAC, The Failure of Multiculturalism: How the pursuit of diversity is weakening the American Identity, DACA, New York Times, Bill O'Reilly, Christmas Under Siege, Fox News, Canada, Macy's, Amazon, Pat Buchanan, Shark Week, John Gibson, The War on Christmas: How the Liberal Plot to Ban the Sacred Christian Holiday Is Worse Than You Thought, Alliance Defending Freedom, Alan Sears, The ACLU vs. America: Exposing the Agenda to Redefine Moral Values, Ebenezer Scrooge, Wikipedia, Tennessee, Sarah Palin, Good Tidings and Great Joy: Protecting the Heart of Christmas, Joshua Feuerstein, Starbucks REMOVED CHRISTMAS from their cups because they hate Jesus, Donald Trump and Liberty University. #666 #SketchComedy #Sketch #Comedy #Sketch Comedy #Atheist #Science #History #Atheism #Antitheist #ConspiracyTheory #Conspiracy #Conspiracies #Sceptical #Scepticism #Mythology #Religion #Devil #Satan #Satanism #Satanist #Skeptic #Debunk #Illuminati #SatanIsMySuperhero #Podcast #funny #sketch #skit #comedy #comedyshow #comedyskits #HeavyMetal #weird #RomanEmpire #Rome #AncientRome #Romans #RomanEmperor  666, SketchComedy, Sketch, Comedy, Sketch Comedy, Atheist, Science, History, Atheism, Antitheist, Conspiracy Theory, Conspiracy, Conspiracies, Sceptical, Scepticism, Mythology, Religion, Devil, Satan, Satanism, Satanist, Skeptic, Debunk, Illuminati, Heavy Metal, weird, Roman Empire, Rome, Romans, Roman Emperor, SatanIsMySuperhero, 

Send us a textThe Via Stoica Podcast, the podcast on Stoicism, welcomes back Donald J. Robertson, who joins us again. This time we're talking about Socrates, relating to his new book: How to Think Like Socrates.Donald Robertson is a psychotherapist and an expert in CBT, he's an international speaker, and the author of multiple books, such as The Philosophy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT),  Stoicism and the Art of Happiness,  How to Think Like a Roman Emperor, Verissimus, Marcus Aurelius The Stoic Emperor, and How to Think Like Socrates.In this episode we focus on Socrates, what Donald has learned from his research on this wise man, how we might be received in our modern times, and what he wants to achieve with his new book.Check out our previous interview with him in Episode 17 about his previous book, Marcus Aurelius, The Stoic Emperor. There you can learn more about his background, how he got into Stoicism, the recent developments of this philosophy, and where it might be heading.Feel free to listen to all the other interesting interviews we've had so far on the Via Stoica Podcast, so make sure to subscribe and leave a rating.Support the showwww.ViaStoica.comhttps://viastoica.com/stoic-life-coaching/https://viastoica.com/benny-voncken/https://viastoica.com/Brendan-hogle/https://viastoica.com/Brice-noble/https://twitter.com/ViaStoicaReach us: info@viastoica.comProduced by: http://podmedia.net/

Join us for our long awaited first Q&A episode, where we take on user questions and do our level best to answer!  From "why did Marc Antony fall in love with Cleopatra" to "did Livia kill Augustus" and "which Roman Emperor would you want to have a beer with"?  This was the most fun we've had on an episode for some time, thanks to all of you.

In this week's episode, The Cups discuss an infamous Roman emperor, Caligula. The name we know him as actually means "Little Boots." Listen now to learn what we think about and what the lore says about his affiliation with the assassins, templars, and/or the Isu. Now introducing Assassin's Creed Lorecast merch for everyone! Check it out at our shop! Want to chime in on the conversation? You can become a patron at the Master Assassin tier or higher and join us ON THE SHOW! https://www.patreon.com/aclorecast We've launched merch! Become a patron at the Assassin tier or higher to get these exclusive rewards! Check out our website! cupspodcasting.com If you enjoyed our podcast, give us a rating and review on Apple and/or Spotify! We'll even read your review out on the show! Join our The Cups Podcasts discord server where we dive deeep into all video game discussions. https://discord.gg/fxR2WVDNhP Come hang out on the Robots Radio discord server to join the fun! https://discord.gg/AW5Wc4kgZb If you love our merch, check out the artist behind the designs! https://libanezink.wixsite.com/libanezart If you love our music, check out the musician behind our theme! Pipeman Studios You can also find us on Twitter at @aclorecast, and you can dm us or email us at assassinscreedlorecast@gmail.com. Music by Pipeman Studios Website designed by H-I-T Media Solutions Merch designed by Lauren Ibañez Ink Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Read OnlineHerod the tetrarch heard about all that was happening, and he was greatly perplexed because some were saying, “John has been raised from the dead”; others were saying, “Elijah has appeared”; still others, “One of the ancient prophets has arisen.” Luke 9:7–8Herod the tetrarch, also known as Herod Antipas, ruled the Jews of Galilee for some forty-two years. He began his reign in 2 BC and continued to reign until he was exiled by the Roman Emperor in 37 AD. During his reign, he spent much time in Tiberias, one of the main cities on the western edge of the Sea of Galilee. Most of Jesus' ministry took place within the region of Herod's domain, all of Galilee, so Herod was very aware of the many stories about Jesus.Today's Gospel concludes by saying that Herod kept trying to see Jesus. Of course, Herod, just like anyone living in that region, could have traveled to where Jesus was preaching so as to listen to Him at any time. But he didn't do that. Instead, he continued to receive reports about Jesus and remained curious about Him, trying to find a way to figure out Who Jesus was.Try to imagine what would have happened if Herod would have traveled to where Jesus was preaching so as to listen to Him with an open heart. If he would have done that, and truly listened, Herod would have received one of the greatest gifts imaginable. He would have received the gift of faith and conversion and would have begun down the road toward eternal salvation. But Herod was living an immoral life. He was known to be a cruel leader and also an unrepentant adulterer. He loved his power and was quite jealous of it. Herod most likely knew, at least in the back of his mind, that if he were to listen to Jesus, he would have to change. And he most likely didn't want to change.This presents us all with a powerful lesson. Each one of us can easily dismiss various communications and invitations from our Lord, because, deep down, we do not want to change. God is speaking to us all day long, every day of our lives. He is constantly offering us His message of the full Gospel. And though you may be open to much of what God says, there are most likely parts of His divine message that you either knowingly or unknowingly do not listen to. The key to being able to hear everything that God wants to speak to you is to be disposed to completely change in any and every way that God wants you to change.Reflect, today, upon Herod. First, reflect upon his curiosity about Jesus. This is a good quality, in that it's much better than being indifferent. From there, think also about the fact that Herod never went to Jesus to listen to Him. His first meeting with Jesus was on the night of His arrest, when he interrogated our Lord and made fun of Him. As you consider Herod's obstinacy, use it as an examination of your own life. Where you see any small reflection of obstinacy, fear of change or a closed heart, seek to remedy that by turning to our Lord telling Him you are open to all He wishes to say and that you are ready and willing to change in any way He calls you to do so. Do not fear the change our Lord wants of you. Embracing that change will land you on the quick and narrow road toward true holiness of life. My ever-present Lord, You call to me day and night, inviting me to change as I listen to Your holy Word. I thank You for these constant promptings of grace and commit myself to remain open to all that You ask of me. I choose You, my Lord. And as I turn to You, I pray that I will have the courage I need to respond wholeheartedly to Your call. Jesus, I trust in You.Source of content: catholic-daily-reflections.comCopyright © 2024 My Catholic Life! Inc. All rights reserved. Used with permission via RSS feed.Featured image above: John the Baptist reproving Herod by John Rogers Herbert, via Wikimedia Commons

If you've ever been to Prague, you'll have noticed that there are many places and institutions that bear the name Charles - all of them because Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV was responsible for their creation. Furthermore, almost every great medieval building you've seen in Prague was commissioned by him. But Charles IV was also an incredibly skilled politician, and a devoted religious man who sought relentlessly to restore the glory of the Empire, and the papacy to Rome from Avignon.In this explainer episode, Dr. Eleanor Janega tells the story of this man whose rise to power was a bit of a surprise, given his humble origins.Gone Medieval is presented by Dr. Eleanor Janega. This episode was produced by Rob Weinberg. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.Gone Medieval is a History Hit podcast.Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original TV documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Sign up HERE for 50% off your first 3 months using code ‘MEDIEVAL'You can take part in our listener survey here >

An unexpected choice for Great Lives, the Roman Emperor Nero has a reputation for debauchery and murder. He was also surprisingly popular, at least during the early years of his reign, and the writer Conn Iggulden argues he may be a victim of bad press. The Christians decided he was the anti-christ some three centuries after he died, and the three main sources are no more positive about his achievements and life. But a recent exhibition at the British Museum - entitled the man behind the myth - worked hard to soften Nero's terrible reputation. So is there more to Nero than we think?Joining Conn Iggulden in studio is Dr Shushma Malik of Cambridge University. Matthew Parris presents. Conn Iggulden is co-author of The Dangerous Book for Boys and the best-selling historical fiction about Nero with the strapline, "Rome wasn't burned in a day."The producer in Bristol is Miles Warde

Agrippina was the great granddaughter of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus; the grand niece of the second Emperor, Tiberius, the sister of the third, Caligula, wife of the fourth, Claudius and mother of the fifth, Nero. After several personal tragedies, Agrippina became ruthless in her pursuit of security and power. As a woman, she couldn't rule herself, so she manipulated and murdered her way into the Emperors bed; then secured her own son's place on the throne. Only to have him turn on her and order her elaborate assassination. Join me every Tuesday when I'm Spilling the Tea on History! Check out my Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/lindsayholiday Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100091781568503 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyteatimelindsayholiday/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@historyteatime Please consider supporting me at https://www.patreon.com/LindsayHoliday and help me make more fascinating episodes! Intro Music: Baroque Coffee House by Doug Maxwell Music: Dragon Rojo by The Mini Vandals #HistoryTeaTime #LindsayHoliday Please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On August 26th, 55 BC, Julius Caesar and his legionaries waded ashore just north of the White Cliffs of Dover. Right there in the surf, they were met by Celtic warriors, who charged them on foot and on horseback. The fighting was fierce, but Caesar's legions prevailed. A few months later, having extracted tribute and pledges of allegiance from local tribes, Caesar returned to Gaul. But this was just the beginning - a hundred years later the Romans would return, beginning a period of Roman rule that lasted for over 350 years.This is the first of a two-part series that tells the story of Roman Britain, from Julius Caesar's first expeditions through to the collapse of the Roman Empire. For this, we're joined by Patrick Wyman, host of the Tides of History and The Fall of Rome podcasts.If you'd like to hear more about the history of Rome, you can listen to:The Roman Navy in Britain - https://shows.acast.com/dansnowshistoryhit/episodes/theromannavyinbritainStone Age to Roman Days - https://shows.acast.com/dansnowshistoryhit/episodes/story-of-england-stone-age-to-roman-daysRoman Emperors with Mary Beard - https://shows.acast.com/dansnowshistoryhit/episodes/roman-emperors-with-mary-beardProduced by James Hickmann and edited by Dougal Patmore.Enjoy unlimited access to award-winning original documentaries that are released weekly and AD-FREE podcasts. Sign up HERE for 50% off for 3 months using code ‘DANSNOW'.We'd love to hear from you - what do you want to hear an episode on? You can email the podcast at ds.hh@historyhit.com.You can take part in our listener survey here.

Every citizen of every state for the last two thousand years has compared his nation to Rome at some point. Americans considered Geroge Washington their Cincinnatus for taking on supreme power and giving it up once his work was done. Inflation hawks call for a Diocletian to end the debasing of national currency. Upset citizens call their leader a Nero for ignoring a conflagration in favor of musical composition. Americans can't help but do the same now, especially when 2024 gives so much reason for pessimism and feelings that we are experiencing a late Roman moment of our own.To discuss this, we are joined by Jeremy Slate, a historian of the Roman Empire (and host of Create Your Life podcast). We delve into the parallels between ancient propaganda (think Virgil's book, The Aeneid, paid for by a Roman Emperor) and the modern echo chamber of 2024's media frenzy.Drawing inspiration from Diocletian's reforms in Rome's third century, after which Rome lasted nearly 200 years, we discuss whether a contemporary reformer could reshape our tumultuous 2024 landscape and restore stability. In an era of rampant inflation, immigration, and crumbling power structures, the parallels are uncanny.

To coincide with the re-release of Dynasty in audiobook, now with Tom Holland himself narrating, we have the book's introduction for you to enjoy.   Dynasty, the sequel to Rubicon, is a dazzling portrait of Rome's first imperial dynasty, tracing the full astonishing story of its rule of the world. Ranging from the great capital rebuilt in marble by Augustus to the dank and barbarian-haunted forests of Germany, it is populated by a spectacular cast: murderers and metrosexuals, adulterers and druids, scheming grandmothers and reluctant gladiators.   Dynasty's re-released audiobook, narrated by our very own Tom Holland, is OUT NOW in the UK. _____ Dynasty continues Rubicon's story, opening where that book ended: with the murder of Julius Caesar. This is the period of the first and perhaps greatest Roman Emperors and it's a colorful story of rule and ruination, running from the rise of Augustus through to the death of Nero. Holland's expansive history also has distinct shades of I Claudius, with five wonderfully vivid (and in three cases, thoroughly depraved) Emperors—Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero—featured, along with numerous fascinating secondary characters. Intrigue, murder, naked ambition and treachery, greed, gluttony, lust, incest, pageantry, decadence—the tale of these five Caesars continues to cast a mesmerizing spell across the millennia. _______ *The Rest Is History LIVE in the U.S.A.* If you live in the States, we've got some great news: Tom and Dominic will be performing throughout America in November, with shows in San Francisco, L.A., Chicago, Philadelphia, Washington D.C., Boston and New York.  *The Rest Is History LIVE at the Royal Albert Hall* Tom and Dominic, accompanied by a live orchestra, take a deep dive into the lives and times of two of history's greatest composers: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Tickets on sale now at TheRestIsHistory.com _______ Twitter: @TheRestHistory @holland_tom @dcsandbrook Producer: Theo Young-Smith Assistant Producer: Tabby Syrett Executive Producers: Jack Davenport + Tony Pastor Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

With the Bulgarians and Turks hobbled by the Mongols the field is clear for Nicaea. John Vatatzes annexes a huge swathe of European territory and is widely recognised as the true Roman Emperor. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.