Podcasts about vldl

Welcome back to our weekend Cabral HouseCall shows!   This is where we answer our community's wellness, weight loss, and anti-aging questions to help people get back on track!   Check out today's questions:     Kellie: Hi Dr. Cabral! I have been with your program for almost 6 months now. I have completed the Vit-Tox tests and have gone through the FM Detox twice and now going through the CBO Protocol. I just turned 38 years old and I feel like my joints are of an 80 year old. I have played soccer since age 5 and still play on a competitive coed league to this day. I have played many other team/contact sports in the past. I have had past ankle, knee, and hip injuries due to sports and I do see possible knee and hip replacements in my future. When I do my daily workouts or go up/down stairs my ankles, knees, hips, and back crack or pop so easily and so much. I don't see glucosamine chondroitin as a supplement in your shop. Are there any suggestions you may have to keep my joints healthier? Thank you!!              Jon: Hey Dr Cabral, looking for advice and i feel like there's a population that struggles with this same topic. My Dr is recommending a statin due to my high LDL-C of 230. My LDL has gone up after cleaning up my diet in the last 7 months however ALL of my markers tested for have improved. Triglycerides have gone from over 200 to 100, HDL is up to 60, VLDL has dropped from 30 to 15, A1C is 5.2, blood pressure is normal for the first time ever, and so onr. My personal opinion is that i'm healthier than ever and i can't imagine having to go on what seems like a lifetime drug due to one marker being off and i don't buy the story that LDL alone is a concern for me. Curious on your opinion here and if you think i have something to worry about. Thanks!!                                                                                                                            Annette: I've been diagnosed with nephrocalcinosis by conventional doctors who say the cause is genetic. I have adjusted my diet to low sodium, low oxalate foods. The doctors say my next step is to try to get on the kidney transplant list before I need dialysis. I take potassium citrate and a calcitriol. Is there anything I can do to improve my kidney function?                                                                                                  Summer: Hi Dr. Cabral! I heard you say that it's best to replace aluminum cookware, but not necessary, and instead to use parchment paper as a barrier. Doesn't the aluminum off gas when heated? How does parchment paper prevent the aluminum from getting into the food? Thanks! By the way, to all my fellow listeners: please contact your state representatives and let them know you do not consent to geo-engineering in your skies. Several states have now banned it. We could all live healthier lives if we could work toward eliminating toxins and heavy metals including aluminum that are regularly being sprayed into our air.                                                                                                                                                Ann: Thank you Dr Cabral- you are changing SO many lives - thank you for all of your wisdom and teachings:) I have a question about Magnesium. My cortisol was high at my last lab test, and I took Full Spectrum magnesium for 12 weeks, and now I take Cal Mag daily. I also understand that I can take Calming Magnesium and CBD at night to help with sleep.I don't want to take too much for too long for my body, but I still think I need the help for my cortisol levels/ sleep. What combination of the above do you recommend? Is there a length of time that is too long to be on Full Spectrum Magnesium? PS. I do the 3-2-1 protocol, take Adrenal Soothe and will be repeating my big 5 this fall. Thank you again!           Thank you for tuning into today's Cabral HouseCall and be sure to check back tomorrow where we answer more of our community's questions!      - - - Show Notes and Resources: StephenCabral.com/3396 - - - Get a FREE Copy of Dr. Cabral's Book: The Rain Barrel Effect - - - Join the Community & Get Your Questions Answered: CabralSupportGroup.com - - - Dr. Cabral's Most Popular At-Home Lab Tests: > Complete Minerals & Metals Test (Test for mineral imbalances & heavy metal toxicity) - - - > Complete Candida, Metabolic & Vitamins Test (Test for 75 biomarkers including yeast & bacterial gut overgrowth, as well as vitamin levels) - - - > Complete Stress, Mood & Metabolism Test (Discover your complete thyroid, adrenal, hormone, vitamin D & insulin levels) - - - > Complete Food Sensitivity Test (Find out your hidden food sensitivities) - - - > Complete Omega-3 & Inflammation Test (Discover your levels of inflammation related to your omega-6 to omega-3 levels) - - - Get Your Question Answered On An Upcoming HouseCall: StephenCabral.com/askcabral - - - Would You Take 30 Seconds To Rate & Review The Cabral Concept? The best way to help me spread our mission of true natural health is to pass on the good word, and I read and appreciate every review!  

We Were Told We Should Do A Podcast On Where Alan Went!The Question of 2024... Where's Alan!?The man himself is here to answer that...For more VLDL, Check us out on ⁠⁠⁠VIVAPLUS⁠⁠⁠!Follow us on⁠ ⁠⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠⁠,⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠, & ⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠.

We Were Told We Should Do A Podcast Answering Your Questions!We put the call out, "Ask Us Anything!" - And you sure did! From Imposter Syndrome, to The Final VLDL Release - Alan, Rowan & Adam answer it All!For more VLDL, Check us out on ⁠⁠⁠VIVAPLUS⁠⁠⁠!Follow us on⁠ ⁠⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠⁠,⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠, & ⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠.

We Were Told We Should Do A Podcast on The VLDL Writers Room! Adam, Rowan & Ben walk you through the process of writing a VLDL Script, all the way from Idea, to Draft, to your screen!For more VLDL, Check us out on ⁠⁠⁠VIVAPLUS⁠⁠⁠!Follow us on⁠ ⁠⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠⁠,⁠ ⁠⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠⁠, & ⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠.

We Were Told We Should Do Another Podcast on Irks!This time, Ben joins in as Adam & Rowan run through a list of Irksome Things!For more VLDL, Check us out on ⁠⁠VIVAPLUS⁠⁠!Follow us on⁠ ⁠⁠TikTok⁠⁠⁠,⁠ ⁠⁠Instagram⁠⁠⁠, & ⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠.

We Were Told We Should Do A Podcast, and then, we were told we should do a Second Season - So here we are!To kick it all off; Rowan, Alan & Adam have returned from the Big Apple, with some Big Thoughts!Check us out on VIVAPLUS!Follow us on⁠ TikTok⁠,⁠ Instagram⁠, & ⁠YouTube⁠.

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter Tom Dayspring is a world-renowned expert in clinical lipidology and a previous guest on The Drive. In this episode, Tom explores the foundations of atherosclerosis and why atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide for both men and women. He examines how the disease develops from a pathological perspective and discusses key risk factors, including often-overlooked contributors such as insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease. He breaks down the complexities of cholesterol and lipoproteins—including LDL, VLDL, IDL, and HDL—with an in-depth discussion on the critical role of apolipoprotein B (apoB) in the development of atherosclerosis. Additionally, he covers the importance of testing various biomarkers, the impact of nutrition on lipid levels, and the vital role of cholesterol in brain health, including how cholesterol is synthesized and managed in the brain, how it differs from cholesterol regulation in the rest of the body, and how pharmacological interventions can influence brain cholesterol metabolism. We discuss: Defining atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD): development, risks, and physiological impact [2:45]; The pathogenesis of ASCVD: the silent development over decades, and the importance of early detection for prevention of adverse outcomes [10:45]; Risk factors versus risk markers for ASCVD, and how insulin resistance and chronic kidney disease contribute to atherosclerosis [17:30]; How hyperinsulinemia elevates cardiovascular risk [24:00]; How apoB-containing lipoproteins contribute to atherosclerosis, and why measuring apoB is a superior indicator of cardiovascular risk compared to LDL cholesterol [29:45]; The challenges of detecting early-stage atherosclerosis before calcification appears [46:15]; Lp(a): structure, genetic basis, and significant risks associated with elevated Lp(a) [55:30]; How aging and lifestyle factors contribute to rising apoB and LDL cholesterol levels, and the lifestyle changes that can lower it [59:45]; How elevated triglycerides, driven by insulin resistance, increase apoB particle concentration and promote atherosclerosis [1:08:00]; How LDL particle size, remnant lipoproteins, Lp(a), and non-HDL cholesterol contribute to cardiovascular risk beyond apoB levels [1:21:45]; The limitations of using HDL cholesterol as a marker for heart health [1:29:00]; The critical role of cholesterol in brain function and how the brain manages its cholesterol supply [1:36:30]; The impact of ApoE genotype on brain health and Alzheimer's disease risk [1:46:00]; How the brain manages cholesterol through specialized pathways, and biomarkers to track cholesterol health of the brain [1:50:30]; How statins might affect brain cholesterol synthesis and cognitive function, and alternative lipid-lowering strategies for high-risk individuals [1:57:30]; Exciting advancements in therapeutics, diagnostics, and biomarkers coming in the next few years [2:09:30]; Recent consensus statements on apoB and Lp(a) from the National Lipid Association (NLA) [2:12:30]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube

This Real Science Exchange podcast episode was recorded during a webinar from Balchem's Real Science Lecture Series. You can find it at balchem.com/realscience.Feeding rumen-protected choline in early lactation has consistently increased milk yield and energy-corrected milk yield, which is more pronounced when cows are fed diets low in metabolizable methionine. Choline feeding also increases milk fat and protein yield, minimizes body condition loss in early lactation, and reduces postpartum disease incidence. Dr. McFadden presents three topics about choline biology in the dairy cow. (01:45)Why should we consider fatty acid feeding when feeding methyl donors like choline and methionine?Choline degradation in the rumen and small intestine, focusing on the role of triethylamine oxide Why should we consider lysophosphatidylcholine as an immunomodulator in fresh cows and preweaning calves?Fatty acid nutrition to optimize methyl donor efficiency. (4:02)Fatty liver is a concern for fresh cows because of its relationship with ketosis, poor fertility and compromised milk production. Cows with fatty liver exhibit low circulating concentrations of phosphatidylcholine, which is a component of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) that transport triglycerides out of the liver. Feeding rumen-protected choline lowers liver triglyceride deposition by supporting the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and thus, VLDL. Dr. McFadden goes on to explain the two different pathways for phosphatidylcholine in the liver and how those interact with fatty acid metabolism. He describes several experiments that have investigated how rumen-protected choline and supplemental fatty acids interact in lactating cows. Low phosphatidylcholine supply is a key feature of fatty liver in dairy cows, likely due to low polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and low choline supplies. Delivery of post-ruminal PUFA may support phosphatidylcholine synthesis with accompanying improvements in insulin sensitivity, body condition maintenance, and inflammation, but interactions with dietary fatty acid digestibility should be considered. Dr. McFadden gives a list of considerations for fresh cow diets incorporating fat and choline supplementation. Gastrointestinal choline degradation and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)  (16:58)Unprotected choline is almost totally degraded in the rumen. Microbes convert choline into trimethylamine (TMA) which is then converted to TMAO in the liver. Rumen-protected choline allows for a large proportion of choline to reach the small intestine intact. However, research shows that choline can also be degraded by microbes in the small intestine in the same pathway, limiting choline bioavailability. Plasma TMAO accumulation is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease in rodent and human models. Little research was available regarding if the relationship between TMAO and poor health was causative or just associative. Dr. McFadden's lab infused cows intravenously with TMAO and found that TMAO did not modify milk production or glucose tolerance in early lactation cows.  TMAO does not appear to influence energy metabolism or health in early lactation cows. Choline is subject to both ruminal and lower-gut degradation to TMA, and that influence on choline bioavailability needs to be defined. Data in non-ruminants suggests that unsaturated fatty acid feeding can shift the gut microbes to slow TMA formation. Lysophosphatidylcholine and immunomodulation (28:45)Dr. McFadden gives an overview of neutrophil activation and the oxidative burst that contributes to pathogen killing. The ability to elicit the oxidative burst is diminished in pre-weaned calves and transition cows. When cows were given endotoxin to cause an immune response, circulating lysophosphatidylcholine was decreased. In rodent models, lysophosphatidylcholine promotes the oxidative burst and suppresses long-term inflammation in response to bacterial infection. Dr. McFadden cultured neutrophils from pre-weaned calves with lysophosphatidylcholine and observed an enhanced oxidative burst.Immunosuppression is characterized by low circulating lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations in dairy cows. In  vitro data suggests lysophosphatidylcholine can activate neutrophils, and rumen-protected choline increases circulating lysophosphatidylcholine. Future research is likely to define an immunomodulatory role for choline. Dr. McFadden takes questions from the webinar audience. (38:07)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

Prescriptions for blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, and blood clotting are doled out like candy these days. But there is a lot you can do to support these systems naturally and avoid the negative side effects of pharma drugs. On this episode of Vitality Radio, Jared invites a new guest, Ben Fuehrer, to share about a new product line we have at Vitality Nutrition - Utzy Naturals. While some of the ingredients in their formulas will sound familiar, like Nattokinase and Berberine, these aren't just “me too” products. They are well thought out, unique formulas, from a company that is meticulous in its sourcing and manufacturing. This company exceeds Jared's high standards and he's excited to share these products with you.Products:Utzy ProductsAdditional Information:#407: Deep Dive on Nattokinase: A Special Enzyme with Cardiovascular Benefits and More with Julia Craven#449: Suppressive Medicine: How Big Pharma and FDA Get It Wrong With StatinsVisit the podcast website here: VitalityRadio.comYou can follow @vitalitynutritionbountiful and @vitalityradio on Instagram, or Vitality Radio and Vitality Nutrition on Facebook. Join us also in the Vitality Radio Podcast Listener Community on Facebook. Shop the products that Jared mentions at vitalitynutrition.com. Let us know your thoughts about this episode using the hashtag #vitalityradio and please rate and review us on Apple Podcasts. Thank you!Just a reminder that this podcast is for educational purposes only. The FDA has not evaluated the podcast. The information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The advice given is not intended to replace the advice of your medical professional.

Premium Podcast Access. Click below ⁠https://www.patreon.com/perfecthealth⁠ Learn more: ⁠https://perfecthealthlesson.com/⁠ Episode Summary:In today's Hot Take episode of The New Science of Physical Health, host Shane Stubbs examines the often-overlooked ApoB and Lp(a) blood tests, as explained by Dr. Peter Attia, a leading expert in preventive medicine and longevity. Shane breaks down why these tests are far more accurate indicators of cardiovascular risk than traditional cholesterol tests, helping listeners understand whether they should ask their doctor for these tests. What is ApoB?A protein that wraps around harmful lipoproteins like LDL and VLDL, contributing to plaque buildup in arteries. Why ApoB Matters:More ApoB particles mean a higher risk of heart disease, as they are better predictors of atherosclerosis than LDL cholesterol alone. Ideal ApoB Level:30 to 40 mg/dL; levels above 60 mg/dL significantly increase risk. How to Lower ApoB: Cost: The test is affordable, typically costing $15 to $20. What is Lp(a)?A genetically determined lipoprotein particle associated with premature heart disease. Why Lp(a) Matters:Elevated Lp(a) levels significantly increase heart disease risk, particularly in those with a family history of early heart attacks. Ideal Lp(a) Level:Less than 30 mg/dL (or less than 75 nmol/L). Management of High Lp(a): Testing Frequency:Since Lp(a) is genetically determined, you typically only need to test once. Traditional cholesterol tests might not give the full picture of your heart health. ApoB and Lp(a) provide deeper insights into cardiovascular risk and are worth discussing with your doctor. Proactively monitoring these markers could be key to preventing heart disease and improving longevity. Key Topics Covered:1. The ApoB Test – A Critical Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk2. The Lp(a) Test – A Hereditary Risk Factor for Premature Heart DiseaseFinal Takeaway:

Welcome to my podcast. I am Doctor Warrick Bishop, and I want to help you to live as well as possible for as long as possible. I'm a practising cardiologist, best-selling author, keynote speaker, and the creator of The Healthy Heart Network. I have over 20 years as a specialist cardiologist and a private practice of over 10,000 patients. In this podcast, Dr. Warrick Bishop discusses the movement of lipids and lipoprotein particles in the body, emphasizing their role in delivering energy sources. He explains that dietary fats absorbed in the gut form chylomicrons, which enter the bloodstream and release triglycerides to tissues via the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. As triglycerides are removed, these particles become denser and transform into intermediate and low-density lipoproteins (IDL and LDL), which are remnants of energy delivery. The liver produces very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) to perform a similar function.

A new study finds poor metabolic health and low HDL is a greater predictor of coronary artery calcium than LDL cholesterol.  Support your Intermittent Fasting lifestyle with the Berberine Fasting Accelerator  by MYOXCIENCE: https://bit.ly/berberine-fasting-accelerator  Use code podcast to save 12% Video & Links to study: https://bit.ly/3Zj56fA Time Stamps:  0:00 Intro 0:30 LDL does not correlate with the degree of coronary artery plaque. 1:02 HDL is protective against coronary artery disease and plaquing. 2:10 Triglycerides correlate with diabetes, coronary artery disease and plaquing. 3:45 HDL size is highly predictive. 5:15 LDL, vLDL, and IDL had no strong association. 8:00 LDL may be lower with prediabetes and diabetes, reflecting imbalance. 12:10 HDL is increased by lifestyle. 13:00 Plaquing is more common in diabetics. 15:47 High triglycerides increase odds of metabolic disease by 100%. 18:00 The smaller HDL particles become, the less protective they are. 19:13 Coronary artery calcium is associated with HDL size, concentration and composition. 21:20 High HDL with low triglycerides is linked with better metabolic health. 23:10 Exercise increases the size and number of your protective HDL.  

This Real Science Exchange episode was recorded during a webinar, which was part of a series. Watch all the presentations from this series here: https://balchem.com/animal-nutrition-health/resources-categories/real-science-lecture-series/previous-lectures/page/10/Early in lactation, the cow is incapable of eating enough to meet her dramatically increased requirements. As the cow's intake decreases near calving, there are fewer nutrient contributions from dry matter intake and she must alter nutrient partitioning to meet her increased needs by mobilizing fat and muscle stores. (1:18)Triglycerides from fat stores are broken down into non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol. NEFA has two different fates in the postpartum cow: to the mammary gland as a precursor for milk fat synthesis, or to the liver to be oxidized for energy production. Glycerol enters the gluconeogenic pathway in the liver as a glucose precursor. (4:41)The capacity for the liver to use NEFA for energy is limited by the capacity of the TCA cycle. When the TCA cycle is at capacity, excess NEFA can either undergo incomplete oxidation to ketones or be repackaged back into triglycerides. If the capacity for other tissues to use ketones for energy is exceeded, then blood concentrations of ketones rise and negative outcomes from subclinical and clinical ketosis can occur. If triglycerides accumulate in the liver, negative outcomes associated with fatty liver can occur. Triglycerides can be transported out of the liver via very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) export; however, VLDL export does not keep up with triglyceride concentration during the transition period in dairy cows, largely because of a limiting amount of phosphatidylcholine. (5:51)Dr. White describes a series of experiments in her lab using liver cells in culture to investigate the relationship between choline supplementation and VLDL export. As choline supplementation to the cell culture increased, so did VLDL export from the cells into the media. In addition, increasing choline supplementation to the cell culture also decreased cellular triglyceride content. (10:54)Using gene expression and radiolabeled tracers over a series of experiments, Dr. White's group found that as choline supplementation increased, so did complete oxidation of NEFA to energy. This was accompanied by decreased incomplete oxidation to ketone bodies and decreased accumulation of lipids in the liver cells. Glucose and glycogen were also increased with increasing choline supplementation to the cell culture, and a decrease in reactive oxygen species was observed. In addition, choline-supplemented cultures exhibited an increase in metabolic pathways associated with methionine regeneration and methyl donation. (15:29)Dr. White then details the complexity of the metabolic pathways that intersect between choline and methionine. In similar experiments supplementing cell cultures with increasing amounts of methionine and choline, there were no effects of methionine on lipid export, oxidative pathways, or glucose metabolism. The main benefit of methionine was a marked increase in glutathione production. It's important to note that no interactions between choline and methionine were observed in this series of experiments. (19:37)There seems to be a clear biological priority for different sets of pathways for choline and methionine. Choline seems to be influencing lipid, glucose, and oxidative pathways, while methionine is primarily serving its role as an essential amino acid for cellular protein structure and generation, acting as a methyl donor, and impacting inflammation. Importantly, both the choline and methionine results observed in cell culture are paralleled in transition dairy cow studies. (24:14)Dr. White's lab further investigated the impact of methionine on inflammation. When cells were challenged with LPS to provoke an inflammatory response, methionine mitigated the inflammatory response. Similar results have been observed in liver tissue samples of transition cows. Methionine mitigated inflammatory markers and increased glutathione but did not influence reactive oxygen species. Conversely, choline decreased reactive oxygen species but did not change glutathione. (27:47)Choline and methionine are both essential nutrients, there are biological priorities for them as methyl donors, and they are not mutually exchangeable. The lack of interaction between choline and methionine in vivo or in vitro supports the idea of different biological roles for these nutrients. (32:09)Dr. White takes questions from the webinar audience. (34:53)Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to invite more people to join us at the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll mail you a shirt.

ไลฟ์ #85: ข้อบกพร่อง Lipid Energy Model & Lean Mass Hyper Responder ของ Dave Feldman จาก paper The Lipid Energy Model: Reimagining Lipoprotein Function in the Context of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets ในปี 2565 Dave Feldman และคณะ ให้คำจำกัดความว่า Lean Mass Hyper Responder phenotype คือคนที่ lean BMI ต่ำ ออกกำลังกายสม่ำเสมอ เมื่อรับประทานไดเอ็ทที่คาร์บต่ำยิ่งยวด ไขมันสูง แล้วเกิดปรากฎการณ์ที่ระดับ LDL-C สูงเกิน 300 มก/ดล ไตรกลีเซอไรด์ต่ำ (47 มก/ดล) และ HDL-C สูง (99 มก/ดล) key point ที่สำคัญของ Lipid Energy Model (LEM) กับ Lean Mass Hyper Responder (LMHR) ที่ Dave ตั้งสมมุติฐานคือ 1. ในคนที่มี LMHR phenotype นั้น LDL-C ที่สูงกระฉูด เป็น Physiological adaptive response ของการกินคาร์บต่ำอย่างยิ่งยวด และ ไขมันสูงลิ่ว ที่เกิดจากกลไกสำคัญ 2 ประการคือ 1.1 ตับสร้าง VLDL สูงมาก เพื่อขนส่ง Triglyceride และ มีการทำงานของเอ็นไซม์ Lipoprotein Lipase สูง จึงนำไปสู่การมีระดับไตรกลีเซอไรด์ต่ำ และนำไปสู่การมีระดับ LDL-C สูงลิ่วตามมา 1.2 มีการทำงานของ Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) ต่ำ นำไปสู่การมีระดับ HDL-C สูง Dave เชื่อว่าการกินไขมันอิ่มตัวสูง มีอิทธิพลน้อยกว่า BMI ในการทำให้เกิดปรากฎการณ์ LDL-C สูงลิ่ว และ LEM เป็น Physiological adaptation ใน LMHR phenotype 2. Dave เชื่อว่า สิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นใน LMHR เป็น Physiological adaptation ไม่ใช่ Pathological state ดังนั้นคนกลุ่มนี้ทนทานต่อการเกิด plaque ในหลอดเลือด มากกว่าคนที่มี Metabolic Syndrome จากการที่มี TG/HDL น้อยกว่า 2 บัดนี้โคนันยอดนักสืบหญิงพร้อมแล้วที่จะอธิบายข้อบกพร่องของ Lipid Energy Model & Lean Mass Hyper Responder ของพี่ Dave Feldman ตามสมมุติฐาน 2 ข้อของเขา พบกันวันเสาร์ 26 ต.ค. เวลา 19.00 น.ค่ะ #หาคำตอบสุขภาพจากงานวิจัยไม่ใช่จากเรื่องเล่า #FatOutHealthspans

Today, I am excited to share the first class in a series of lipid masterclasses with the amazing Dr. Thomas Dayspring! Dr. Dayspring is certified in internal medicine and clinical epidemiology and is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the National Lipid Association. He was previously the Educational Director of a nonprofit organization and has served as the Chief Academic Advisor for two major cardiovascular labs.  Due to the in-depth nature of my discussions with Dr. Dayspring over several sessions, each lasting nearly six hours, it seemed logical to present these masterclasses in segmented chunks to make them easier to understand. In our first class today, we dive into the fundamentals, exploring what lipids are and how lipids and fatty acids are classified. We cover the physiology and transportation of cholesterol and the role of apoptosis, apo-proteins, and apo-lipoproteins, unravel the differences between HDL, LDL, IDL, and VLDL, and explain how to calculate LDLs and triglycerides for assessing metabolic health. Dr. Dayspring also shares his preferences regarding lab values and the indicators that provide information to help him determine the early risk of cardiovascular disease. We get into some detailed aspects of physical chemistry in this episode, so I highlight the main clinical points throughout our conversation to make it more understandable. Be sure to join Dr. Dayspring and me for our next episode in the lipid masterclass series. IN THIS EPISODE YOU WILL LEARN: What are lipids, and why are they important? Dr. Dayspring explains what triglycerides are. How lipids get absorbed and transported throughout the body What lipoproteins are, and how they get classified How cholesterols get calculated The impact of triglycerides on cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health How high triglyceride levels can indicate early insulin resistance or increased ASCVD risk What is the role of HDL particles? How metabolic syndrome impacts cardiovascular health Bio: Thomas Dayspring MD is a Fellow of both the American College of Physicians and the National Lipid Association and is certified in internal medicine and clinical lipidology. After practicing in New Jersey for 37 years, in 2012, he moved to Virginia. He served as an educational director for a nonprofit cardiovascular foundation and until mid-2019 as a Chief Academic Advisor for two major CV laboratories. Since then, he has served as a virtual cardiovascular / lipidology educator. Career-wise he has given over 4000 domestic (in all 50 states) and several international lectures, including over 600 CME programs on atherothrombosis, lipids/lipoproteins (and their treatment), vascular biology, biomarker testing, and women's cardiovascular issues. He has authored several manuscripts and lipid textbook chapters and performed several podcasts. For several years he was an Associate Editor of the Journal of Clinical Lipidology. He was the recipient of the 2011 National Lipid Association's Presidents Award for services to clinical lipidology and the 2023 Foundation of NLA Clinician/Educator Award. He has over 34K followers on his educational Twitter (X) feed (@Drlipid). He has Gold Heart Member status as a professional member of the American Heart Association and serves as a Social Media Ambassador for the European Atherosclerosis Society and the National Lipid Association. Connect with Cynthia Thurlow Follow on Twitter, Instagram & LinkedIn Check out Cynthia's website Submit your questions to support@cynthiathurlow.com Connect with Dr. Thomas Dayspring Twitter (@DrLipid) LinkedIn

Doing a deep dive into some common blood markers your provider might order for you during a routine workup:-Lipid panel - HDL, LDL, VLDL, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, ApoB + Lp(a)-A1C + glycemic control-Vitamin D-Blood PressureWe talk about what they are, what impacts them and what to do if they're out of range. I also use myself as an example + two other case studies at the end to tie everything together. Moral of the story.. go get your bloodwork done if you haven't in a while. It's important. Where to find me:IG: @lukesmithrdCheck out my website HERETIA for listening!!

Please Subscribe and Review: Apple Podcasts | RSS Submit your questions for the podcast here News Topic: ‘There's A Movement Happening': How Trump's Alliance With RFK Is Winning Over Wellness Influencers   Show Notes: Science, Myth, and Madness: The 241st Evolutionary Lens with Bret Weinstein and Heather Heying RFK Jr Speech Stem Talk episode 170 with guest Charles Serhan on pro-resolving mediators Questions:    Peptides for injury recovery Greg writes: Hi Robb and Nikki Big fan and avid LMNT subscriber for two and a half years. I have been battling patellar tendon pain on and off for about ten years. Of recently, it has been constant in my left patellar tendon for about two months now. Any loading of the joint causes searing pain . Once warmed up it's more manageable especially with knee sleeves but I really can't do any loaded squats anymore, so I have moved to more deadlifting and sled work. My question is in regards to nutritional supplements to support tendon repair. I have been doing a higher dose 20-25g per day of grass fed hydrolyzed collagen, and I want to give it a couple months to see if it makes a difference, but have been intrigued with the rise of peptides, specifically BPC-157. Any insight on peptides in the lense of tendon repair and anti inflammation? Would love to get back to running more and Olympic lifts. Thanks!   LDL Increase after starting Keto Walt writes: After starting keto in January my LDL has increased steadily to 139 mg/dl. I started this diet, ostensibly, to improve my health. (Being a type 1 with two cardiac stents) My A1C improved greatly and my blood pressure normalized with a small intervention from 5mg of Bystolic in the a.m. I was on a lot more BP meds prior. All good, right? My cardiac NP, however, is not psyched on the increase in LDL and had me speak to a lipid specialist. Lipid specialist is old school and is vehemently opposed to this diet and way of eating and started in with the whole “red meat and fats are bad” speech. My numbers: Total cholesterol: 234 LDL: 139 VLDL: 16 Triglycerides: 81 Cholesterol/HDL ratio: 3.0 ApoB: 94 Lipoprotein A:

Dr. Nicholas Norwitz obtained his PhD in ketogenic metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases at Oxford University and is now set to pursue his MD at Harvard Medical School. Although his research expertise is ketosis and brain aging, he has published scientific papers on topics ranging from neuroscience to heart disease to gastrointestinal health to genetics to bone health to diabetes.   Dave Feldman is a senior software engineer and entrepreneur. He began working with programming and system engineering at a very young age and has always enjoyed learning new mechanistic patterns and concepts.After starting a low carb diet, Dave found his cholesterol numbers increased considerably. He then began reverse engineering the lipid system through self-experimentation and testing, finding it was very dynamic and fluid. He has now demonstrated this multiple times by moving his cholesterol up and down substantially in a matter of days. Instagram: @nicknorwitzPhD @realdavefeldman Twitter: @nicknorwitz @realDaveFeldman YouTube:    / @nicknorwitzphd      / @realdavefeldman   Timestamps: 00:00 Trailer. 00:46 Introduction. 06:00 50% increase in LDL. 12:00 VLDL delivers, HDL picks up. 17:51 Anaerobic exercise. 25:17 Insulin resistance. 27:59 Metabolic impact and risk assessment. 33:44 Absurd narrative on keto. 39:36 Defining low carb and ketogenic diets. 41:49 Damaging low-carb image. 48:38 Satiety and keto. 51:12 Where to find Nick and Dave. See open positions at Revero: https://jobs.lever.co/Revero/ Join Carnivore Diet for a free 30 day trial: https://carnivore.diet/join/ Carnivore Shirts: https://merch.carnivore.diet Subscribe to our Newsletter: https://carnivore.diet/subscribe/ . ‪#revero #shawnbaker #Carnivorediet #MeatHeals #HealthCreation   #humanfood #AnimalBased #ZeroCarb #DietCoach  #FatAdapted #Carnivore #sugarfree  ‪

It has become very clear that working a desk job crushes my generation's soul. Gen Z is reshaping the workforce, but why is that? Is it a good thing? In this video, we react to a TikTok video that highlights a man who works a typical 9-5 job. The reaction on social media has been surprising, but upon further contemplation, I think I understand why we resent that lifestyle so much.& NO, it's not because GenZ is 'Woke' or 'Lazy'. While we are extremely cringe on tiktok, I think this one is a bit more complex. 0:00 - Intro1:28 - 9-5 Video Reaction2:28 - Acting Like A Smoker2:53 - Commentary On Video11:11 - What Led Me Here / Q&A

Send us a Text Message.In this episode of The Autoimmune RESET, VJ delves into the intriguing connections between cardiovascular health and alopecia, shedding light on how biomarkers and nutritional strategies can offer valuable insights and support for those facing these conditions.VJ begins by examining the role of circulatory diseases in autoimmune conditions like alopecia areata, highlighting the complex interplay between vascular health and hair follicle function. Specific biomarkers such as adiponectin, VLDL, and PLAC are discussed in detail, offering a deeper understanding of their significance in cardiovascular risk assessment and potential implications for alopecia.VJ explores the importance of dietary factors in promoting vascular health and potentially mitigating alopecia-related symptoms. Nutritional strategies to support endothelial function, increase nitric oxide production, and modulate inflammatory pathways are shared, providing practical tips for incorporating nutrient-rich foods into your diet.Throughout the episode, VJ addresses common questions and misconceptions surrounding cardiovascular health and alopecia, offering evidence-based insights and actionable advice for listeners interested in optimising their overall well-being for healthy hair growth.Tune in to learn more about the fascinating connection between vascular health and alopecia and what you can do through nutrition and lifestyle to manage this. You can check out my delicious and nutritious green juice recipe in my free guide, The Autoimmunity Recovery Plan, here.If you would like to book a free initial consultation with VJ Hamilton, The Autoimmunity Nutritionist, to find out how nutritional therapy and functional medicine could improve your health, you can book an appointment here.Learn more about the functional medicine services at The Autoimmunity Nutritionist Clinic here.Thanks for listening! You can join The Autoimmune Forum on Facebook or find me on Instagram @theautoimmunitynutritionist.

This episode is brought to you by MANSCAPEDⓇ. Use promo code VLDL ato get 20% OFF + Free International Shipping on your order. It's the WWTWSDAP season finale and we're chatting candidly about what it's like to have an audience. We don't really like to use the word 'famous', but we go into what it's like, the moment we felt we had crossed that line and express appreciation for the wonderful community we have. This wraps up Season One of WWTWSDAP - stay tuned for updates about season two on social media! Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this podcast episode, we delve into the silent killer lurking within our bodies: atherosclerotic heart disease. Despite the misconception that endurance athletes are immune to such issues due to their rigorous cardiovascular exercise, the reality is starkly different. Even the fittest among us, like marathoners and triathletes, are not exempt from this insidious threat.Join us as we explore the stories of seemingly invincible athletes, like Jim Fixx, author of "The Complete Book of Running," and Alberto Salazaar, a professional marathoner, both succumbing to heart disease despite their physical prowess. We confront the grim reality that genetics can be an insurmountable factor in this battle for heart health, regardless of one's athletic achievements.But fear not, for knowledge is our greatest weapon. Learn about the crucial tests for heart disease risk:Cholesterol screenings: HDL, LDL, VLDL, and triglyceridesApoB testingCardiac CT scansDiscover how seemingly normal results may hide underlying dangers and why it's imperative to strive for optimal levels, not just "normal."Through personal anecdotes and medical insights, we uncover the intricate workings of our circulatory system and how cholesterol, both friend and foe, plays a pivotal role. Hear firsthand accounts of individuals, like the host's own father, whose lives were claimed by this stealthy assailant despite their active lifestyles.Take charge of your health journey by arming yourself with knowledge. Explore the options for early detection and treatment, including ApoB testing and cardiac CT scans, and understand why investing in prevention today can save lives tomorrow.Join us as we confront the sobering reality of heart disease, challenge misconceptions, and empower ourselves to defy the odds. Because when it comes to matters of the heart, even endurance athletes are not immune, and knowledge truly is our strongest ally.Keep the Conversation Going:hubtrainingcenter.comhttps://www.instagram.com/hubtraining/https://www.facebook.com/HUBtrainingCenter/

This episode is brought to you by Better Help. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/VLDL and get on your way to being your best self. PUBG has been a huge part of Viva La Dirt League's evolution, so let's break it down together! We chat about our personal experience with PUBG, why we started filming PUBG content and we dive deeper into our experiences at PGI. We also pose the question, will VLDL ever film PUBG content again? Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here. Season one of WWTWSDAP wraps up on May 7th. Like D&D? Search 'Viva La Dirt League D&D' on your fave podcast app, to listen to our D&D games! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This episode is brought to you by MANSCAPED. Adam is away again, so this week we're chatting to the outrageous, BEN! Ben tells us what made him want to become an actor and shares stories from his early days of acting, drama school and his experience with theatre. We dive into how Rowan and Ben met, how Ben became such a huge part of VLDL and what his current role is as Head Writer. We had too much to cover, so one day we'll record a Part Two! Like D&D? Search 'Viva La Dirt League D&D' on your fave podcast app, to listen to our D&D games! Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Adam is away this week and we've heard you - we know you want to hear more from our wonderful VLDL cast and crew! First up, we chat to Ellie. You may know her as Ellie from Bored, Bübble Bùtte from Tales of the Misfits, our old Social Media Manager and/or our current Podcast Producer. Ellie shares how she linked up with VLDL, reveals her favourite series, chats about the future and some of her fondest memories working with us and the wonderful VLDL community. Follow Ellie on Twitch and Instagram and here's a link to her Extremely Casual Gamers podcast if you're interested! Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here. Like D&D? Search 'Viva La Dirt League D&D' on your fave podcast app, to listen to our D&D games! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Not sure if you've heard, but there's a pretty hot topic going around right now - artificial intelligence. As digital creators AI is certainly something that's been on our minds, and in this episode we chat about where Viva La Dirt League stands when it comes to AI. We answer questions like are we using AI? Are we scared of it? And will we ever use AI over people? And no, we didn't get ChatGPT to write this description - all human baby! Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here. Like D&D? Search 'Viva La Dirt League D&D' on your fave podcast app, to listen to our D&D games! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

APOE4 and the history of human disease Apolipoprotein E, discovered in 1973, is derived from a polymorphic gene called ApoE that encodes for a signaling protein on a class of fatty proteins that primarily carry cholesterol and other molecules around the body. We find ApoE primarily on VLDL, very low-density lipoproteins and HDL, High density lipoproteins. It primarily helps to shuttle cholesterol from the periphery of the body back to the liver. ApoE proteins are also involved in neuronal signaling, neuroinflammation and glucose metabolism making them especially critical for brain activity. This is becoming a critical part of the story for understanding dementia and neurodegeneration. (Williams T. 2020) ApoE is most famous for an isoform, APOE4/4, being highly associated with Alzheimer's dementia in modernity. Unfortunately, as we do with many things in medicine, we have been focused on this genetic protein variant as a net negative in humans because we look at things as black and white. Either good or bad. A binary choice. Rubish! ..... Enjoy, Dr. M

This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/VLDL and get on your way to being your best self. You've heard about Bored, now it's time for a peek behind the Epic NPC Man curtain! How did the concept come about? Why the name Epic NPC Man? We discuss what inspired the characters we created and what goes into the world building. Plus, here the alternative Epic NPC Man outro songs that never saw the light of day! Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Pretty ironic that we're discussing the turmoil that is social media, when it's what helped with our success! We reminisce on the early days of social media and discuss how it's both helped us in our careers while simultaneously impacted our lives in negative ways. Prepare to be reminded of things you may have forgotten about (#nostalgia!) and find comfort in the fact that we too find social media to be a tough place. This episode is brought to you by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/VLDL and get 10% off your first month. Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here.

You wanna know what irks us? Well you better listen to this episode AM I RIGHT? Sorry, we know shameless tease's probably irk you. We have a bit of fun today, complaining about trivial things that just irk us more than they probably should. Expect people related irks, toilet related irks and other niche things we assume aren't a unique experience. This episode is sponsored by BetterHelp. Give online therapy a try at betterhelp.com/VLDL and get 10% off your first month. Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here.

Today, I am excited to share the first class in a series of lipid masterclasses with the amazing Dr. Thomas Dayspring! Dr. Dayspring is certified in internal medicine and clinical epidemiology and is a fellow of the American College of Physicians and the National Lipid Association. He was previously the Educational Director of a nonprofit organization and has served as the Chief Academic Advisor for two major cardiovascular labs.  Due to the in-depth nature of my discussions with Dr. Dayspring over several sessions, each lasting nearly six hours, it seemed logical to present these masterclasses in segmented chunks to make them easier to understand. In our first class today, we dive into the fundamentals, exploring what lipids are and how lipids and fatty acids are classified. We cover the physiology and transportation of cholesterol and the role of apoptosis, apo-proteins, and apo-lipoproteins, unravel the differences between HDL, LDL, IDL, and VLDL, and explain how to calculate LDLs and triglycerides for assessing metabolic health. Dr. Dayspring also shares his preferences regarding lab values and the indicators that provide information to help him determine the early risk of cardiovascular disease. We get into some detailed aspects of physical chemistry in this episode, so I highlight the main clinical points throughout our conversation to make it more understandable. Be sure to join Dr. Dayspring and me for our next episode in the lipid masterclass series. IN THIS EPISODE YOU WILL LEARN: What are lipids, and why are they important? Dr. Dayspring explains what triglycerides are. How lipids get absorbed and transported throughout the body What lipoproteins are, and how they get classified How cholesterols get calculated The impact of triglycerides on cholesterol levels and cardiovascular health How high triglyceride levels can indicate early insulin resistance or increased ASCVD risk What is the role of HDL particles? How metabolic syndrome impacts cardiovascular health Bio: Thomas Dayspring MD is a Fellow of both the American College of Physicians and the National Lipid Association and is certified in internal medicine and clinical lipidology. After practicing in New Jersey for 37 years, in 2012, he moved to Virginia. He served as an educational director for a nonprofit cardiovascular foundation and until mid-2019 as a Chief Academic Advisor for two major CV laboratories. Since then, he has served as a virtual cardiovascular / lipidology educator. Career-wise he has given over 4000 domestic (in all 50 states) and several international lectures, including over 600 CME programs on atherothrombosis, lipids/lipoproteins (and their treatment), vascular biology, biomarker testing, and women's cardiovascular issues. He has authored several manuscripts and lipid textbook chapters and performed several podcasts. For several years he was an Associate Editor of the Journal of Clinical Lipidology. He was the recipient of the 2011 National Lipid Association's Presidents Award for services to clinical lipidology and the 2023 Foundation of NLA Clinician/Educator Award. He has over 34K followers on his educational Twitter (X) feed (@Drlipid). He has Gold Heart Member status as a professional member of the American Heart Association and serves as a Social Media Ambassador for the European Atherosclerosis Society and the National Lipid Association. Connect with Cynthia Thurlow Follow on Twitter, Instagram & LinkedIn Check out Cynthia's website Submit your questions to support@cynthiathurlow.com Connect with Dr. Thomas Dayspring Twitter (@DrLipid) LinkedIn Books written by Gary Taubes

Without Lord of the Rings, Viva La Dirt League may have never been a thing. We chat about how Peter Jackson and his work in Lord of the Rings inspired all of us as teenagers, long before the three of us met. We reminisce on our favourite scenes from the films and discuss why this franchise had such a huge impact on us as young Kiwi lads. Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here.

You've already heard part one of the Viva La Dirt League story and in this episode we dive into part two - the arrival of Adam. We discuss how, when and why it happened and what impact he had on the channel. We touch on the mid years of VLDL, how we left our full time jobs and reminisce on big viral moments. Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here.

You've possibly heard sprinkles of our Viva La Dirt League story, but we're finally diving into it properly! This episode covers the origins of VLDL (and it's only part one of three!) How did Rowan and Alan meet? We dive into the early days, how we formed and evolved, why we're called Viva La Dirt League and we touch on other iconic moments in VLDL's history. Parts two and three still to come! Follow us on TikTok, Instagram and YouTube and tell us what we should talk about here.

In the podcast, I discuss the impact of high blood sugars on cholesterol levels and overall lipid metabolism. I explain how high blood sugars can lead to insulin resistance, altered lipid metabolism, and increased levels of VLDL and LDL cholesterol, which can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. To work with me: https://www.drmarbas.com/ A Big Thank You To Our Sponsors: Whole Harvest is redefining the way you eat. Their meals are not only delicious but also 100% whole food, plant-based, without any compromise. Use the discount code PLANTS30 to receive $30 off your first order. Visit https://wholeharvest.com/drmarbas and place your order today! To work with the world's best plant-based coach, Maxime Sigouin visit his website: www.fitvegancoaching.com To learn plant-based cooking and get your medical questions answered join The Healing Kitchen taught by Brittany Jaroudi and me! Click here to learn more: https://www.drmarbas.com/the-healing-kitchen To be a part of a community of people living a plant-based lifestyle to improve their health and who support each other, join the Dr. Laurie Marbas Facebook Group. Click here to join the Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/2243918745797935

Cholesterol testing is among the most common blood tests run in conventional healthcare, yet it is a perennial source of confusion and, to be honest, abuse by doctors who don't appreciate the full implications of the values. It may surprise you to know that doctors focus on the least helpful values such as total or LDL cholesterol while often ignoring the two genuinely helpful values, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. HDL for instance is packed with useful insights into your health, as it is a reliable index of metabolic health. Low HDL, that I would define as less than 60 mg/dl, is a reflection of multiple health distortions such as insulin resistance, inflammation, excessive intra-abdominal fat, small LDL particles and VLDL that cause heart disease. You might also be surprised to learn that consuming fats only spikes triglyceride levels for a few hours, whereas the process of your liver converting carbohydrates to triglycerides can cause a much larger increase after six to eight hours or more. Discover the factors that can amplify this process, including insulin resistance, inflammation, excessive intra-abdominal fat, and even dysbiosis and small intestine bacterial overgrowth. The road to cardiovascular health doesn't have to be paved with cholesterol. We'll reveal how VLDL particles and triglyceride levels are intricately linked, why it's essential to keep your triglycerides below 60 milligrams per deciliter, and how higher triglycerides can result in lower HDL levels. Discover how simple dietary changes can lead to lower triglycerides and higher HDL levels, and why measuring LDL particles using NMR lipoprotein analysis offers a more accurate picture than the commonly used LDL cholesterol. Join us as we dispel the myths around cholesterol and empower you to take control of your cardiovascular health.For BiotiQuest probiotics including Sugar Shift, go here.A 15% discount is available for Defiant Health podcast listeners by entering discount code UNDOC15 (case-sensitive) at checkout.*_________________________________________________________________________________Get your 15% Paleovalley discount on fermented grass-fed beef sticks, Bone Broth Collagen, low-carb snack bars and other high-quality organic foods here.* For 12% off every order of grass-fed and pasture-raised meats from Wild Pastures, go here.*Dr. Davis and his staff are financially compensated for promoting BiotiQuest and Paleovalley products.Support the showBooks: Super Gut: The 4-Week Plan to Reprogram Your Microbiome, Restore Health, and Lose Weight Wheat Belly: Lose the Wheat, Lose the Weight and Find Your Path Back to Health; revised & expanded ed

Normal >60 optimal mg/dL Indications Monitor risks of heart disease Description Cholesterol is transported via lipoproteins. There are multiple types of lipoproteins and they each have slightly different functions: high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). HDL cholesterol is considered the good cholesterol because it travels through the blood picking up extra cholesterol and taking it back to the liver. What would cause increased levels? Familial HDL Lipoproteinemia Exercise Unsaturated fats: Mono- Poly- Hypothyroid What would cause decreased levels? Metabolic Syndrome Hepatocellular disease: Hepatitis Cirrhosis Hypoproteinemia: Nephrotic Syndrome Malnutrition Smoking High saturated and trans fat diets Excess body weight Hyperthyroid

Episode 142: Tirzepatide IIFuture Dr. Beuca explains that tirzepatide has shown benefits in patients with obesity that go beyond its weight-reducing effects and includes reduction of blood pressure, among others. Dr. Arreaza explains that Wegovy (semaglutide approved for weight loss) is also very beneficial for weight loss and explains.  Written by Maria Beuca, MSIV, Ross University School of Medicine. Comments by Hector Arreaza, MD.You are listening to Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast, your weekly dose of knowledge brought to you by the Rio Bravo Family Medicine Residency Program from Bakersfield, California, a UCLA-affiliated program sponsored by Clinica Sierra Vista, Let Us Be Your Healthcare Home. This podcast was created for educational purposes only. Visit your primary care provider for additional medical advice.Maria: Hello everyone, today is June 2, 2023, and we want to re-visit our discussion about the drug Tirzepatide from our May 19th, 2022. A little re-cap for those of you who don't know, tirzepatide, also known by the brand name Mounjaro, is a drug that was approved by the FDA a year ago for the treatment of type 2 Diabetes. It is similar to the drug Semaglutide, also known by the brand name Ozempic which many of you may be more familiar with, thanks to the Kardashians and other celebrities making it popular as a “weight loss” drug. Arreaza: The brand name for weight semaglutide is Wegovy.Maria: Both of these drugs are injected once a week and mimic the effect of the incretin hormone GLP-1 by binding to its receptor. Incretin hormones are a group of hormones that cause insulin to be released from the pancreas after eating to help lower blood sugar levels.  These incretin hormones also help suppress the appetite, causing you to eat less and lose weight. Tirzepatide is different because it is the first drug to mimic the action of two hormones, both GLP-1 and GIP. In our last episode, we also discussed the SURPASS-2 study that showed tirzepatide to be superior to semaglutide because of this dual incretin action, with greater weight loss, lower HA1c levels, and lower triglyceride and VLDL levels. At that time, we also mentioned the SURMOUNT-1 Phase 3 clinical trial that was ongoing at the time. Well, it is now complete, and the results are in. There were 2,539 obese or overweight participants without diabetes in the study who lost between 16-22.5% of their starting weight on Tirzepatide. On 15 mg dose, participants lost about 52 lbs (24 kg), on 10 mg 49 lbs (22 kg) and on 5 mg about 35 lbs (16 kg), but those on the placebo lost only 2.4% or about 5 lbs (2 kg). As you can see there is very little difference in weight loss between the 10 mg dose and the 15 mg dose, although a big difference is seen compared to the 5 mg dose. It's important to note that they took Tirzepatide for 72 weeks or a year and a half. Arreaza: That's very significant weight loss. It is important to emphasize that these patients did NOT have diabetes. Maria: These weight loss results have proven to be comparable to bariatric surgery. The study also showed improvement in cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors such as lower blood pressure, fasting insulin, lipid levels and even aspartate aminotransferase levels in comparison to the placebo. By the end of the study, more than 95% of the participants who had pre-diabetes had converted to normal glucose levels. This study was so impressive that it was presented at the 82nd Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association and was also published in The New England Journal of Medicine. Arreaza: It seems like tirzepatide is ahead of the game for weight loss.Maria: Although it is approved as a drug for diabetes, the next step is to approve it for weight loss and to begin treating obesity as a chronic disease that needs to be treated. Maria: And this makes sense. Currently, more than 4 in 10 American adults have obesity, and obesity is the cause of many other conditions. Just yesterday, I was seeing patients in the orthopedic clinic and I had several patients being seen for knee pain due to obesity, and they are postponing surgery because they have been losing weight on tirzepatide and are already feeling better. I think avoiding knee surgery alone is a pretty good reason to approve these drugs for weight loss, but there are many other conditions that are improved by weight loss. Arreaza: My anecdotes are related to semaglutide, but I can imagine that this may also apply to tirzepatide. I had a patient who was able to stop all antihypertensive medications because of 40-lb weight loss. Maria: Dr. Caroline Apovian, director of the Center for Weight Management and Wellness at Brigham Women's Hospital, states that “If everybody who had obesity in this country lost 20% of their body weight, we would be taking patients off all these medications for reflux, for diabetes, for hypertension. We would not be sending patients for stent replacement.”Maria: Last month, officials from Eli Lilly, the company that makes tirzepatide, stated that they are hoping to have a fast-track approval to sell it for chronic weight management by sometime this year. The problem is that many of these patients who were prescribed Tirzepatide have not been able to get it because it has been out of stock for the last few months in all the local pharmacies. They get the prescription, start taking Tirzepatide and begin to lose weight or improve their blood sugar levels and then it is out of stock and now you have people with Diabetes who have gotten off insulin because Tirzepatide worked so well and suddenly they can't get it and are at risk for getting pretty sick without it. Arreaza: The manufacturer of Wegovy announced this, “we will only be able to supply limited quantities of 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1 mg dose strengths to wholesalers for distribution to retail pharmacies which will not meet anticipated patient demand. We anticipate that many patients will have difficulty filling Wegovy® prescriptions at these doses through September 2023. We do not currently anticipate supply interruptions of the 1.7 mg and 2.4 mg dose strengths of Wegovy®”. Why is this happening? Maria: The problem is that this drug was not meant for the masses, for all these young girls wanting to lose a few pounds for aesthetic reasons. It was meant for people with a BMI 30 or with a BMI 27 plus another comorbidity such as hypertension. Celebrities have brought attention to these drugs for weight loss, for example Ozempic has over 433 million views on TikTok. It has gotten so bad that people are turning to questionable sources online to purchase these drugs, where it is given cute names like “skinny shots.” And if your insurance does not cover Tirzepatide, it is still expensive, starting at around $1000 per month. Some of the insurers who used to cover the cost stopped covering it or placed new restrictions on who qualifies. Another downside is that tirzepatide and other drugs of this class have not been on the market that long, so the long-term effects are still not known. So far, early evidence shows that most people gain the weight back as soon as they stop taking it, so are the weight loss benefits sustainable at this high cost? Maria: We talked about the adverse effects in the last episode, but it's important to go over them again. Patients can have diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain that can often bring these patients into the clinic or even the Emergency room thinking they are ill, when in fact it is an adverse effect of their medication, especially the first few days of starting or increasing the dose. So, educating patients is very important before they start this new drug. There is also a small risk of pancreatitis or gallbladder problems, so it is important to have blood work done to check the pancreas and gallbladder prior to starting tirzepatide. There is also a warning to avoid using it if you have a family or personal history of thyroid cancer. Arreaza: Reminder, MEN type 1. I would like to mention the so-called “Ozempic face”. It is the face you get with rapid weight loss, making you look a little older due to fat loss on the face. As a summary, tirzepatide is a very effective medication for weight loss, pending FDA approval. It is not free of side effects, so we still need to follow the recommendations from FDA and other reputable sources to prescribe it responsibly. There is room for further research on these medications. Currently, there are no clear guidelines regarding labs before starting treatment (lipase?) or labs for monitoring after treatment. The evidence regarding these medications continues to evolve and we should stay up to date with the changes. _______________________Conclusion: Now we conclude episode number 142 “Tirzepatide II.” Future Dr. Beuca came back almost one year later to shed more light on the use of tirzepatide in the treatment of obesity. Dr. Arreaza provided some insight into the management of side effects and the potential harm of this novel medication. Overall, tirzepatide is effective and safe and may be the answer to many of our patients with diabetes and obesity. This week we thank Hector Arreaza and Maria Beuca. Audio editing by Adrianne Silva.Even without trying, every night you go to bed a little wiser. Thanks for listening to Rio Bravo qWeek Podcast. We want to hear from you, send us an email at RioBravoqWeek@clinicasierravista.org, or visit our website riobravofmrp.org/qweek. See you next week! _____________________References:Brownie, Grace. “The Problematic Arrival of Anti-Obesity Drugs.” Wired, 25 January 2023. https://www.wired.com/story/anti-obesity-drugs/Dockrill, Peter. “Experimental Drug Breaks Record for Weight Loss in Latest Clinical Trial Results.”ScienceAlert, 9 May 2022, https://www.sciencealert.com/experimental-drug-breaks-record-for-weight-loss-in-latest-clinical-trial-results.Frías, Juan P., et al. “Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.”New England Journal of Medicine, 5 August 2021, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2107519.Jastreboff, Ania  M., et al. “Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity.” New England Journal of Medicine, 21 July 2022, www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038.“Label as Approved by FDA. - Pi.lilly.com.”Mounjaro Prescribing Information, Lilly USA, LLC, May 2022, https://pi.lilly.com/us/mounjaro-uspi.pdf.Mounjaro. Prescribing Information. Lilly USA, LLC.  May 2022. https://pi.lilly.com/us/mounjaro-uspi.pdf?s=pi“Surmount-1 Study Finds Individuals with Obesity Lost up to 22.5% of their Body Weight when Taking Tirzepatide.” 4 June 2022. https://diabetes.org/newsroom/press-releases/2022/surmount-1-study-finds-individuals-%20with-obesity-lost-up-to-22.5-percent-body-weight-taking-tirzepatide.Royalty-free music used for this episode: "Happy-Go-Lucky." Downloaded on October 13, 2022, from https://www.videvo.net/ 

9 Important Blood Tests to Order on Keto Don't guess, test! The more data you have, the more metrics you can analyze for progress and necessary tweaks. I am going to share with you 9 blood tests. Not only will I share them with you, but I will also explain what they mean and the optimal numbers to aim for. The first thing I want you to realize is that the reference ranges on your lab report is not the same as the healthy ranges you should aim for. Lab companies such as LabCorp, Quest and many others, are factoring in your countries entire population who have done these labs before. We live in a sick world of unhealthy people, so why would we aim to be the average of unhealthy people? Instead, I encourage you to aim for the functional reference range. Functional medicine lab ranges are usually much narrower than standard lab ranges. They are labeled “optimal lab values,” meaning anything outside of those optimal values can show patterns and markers that spot trends toward disease. When I give you the suggested reference ranges to hit with the following labs, these are functional medicine lab ranges. Register your FREE spot to my upcoming Secrets to Detox Masterclass: http://www.toxinsmasterclass.com  / / E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  EveryDay Dose Everything you love about coffee, none of what you don't — say goodbye to jitters, anxiety, crash, and digestive issues. https://everydaydose.superfiliate.com/KETOKAMP  (5 FREE Travel Packs + Free Frother applied) PureForm Omega Plant Based Oils (Best Alternative to Fish Oil): http://www.purelifescience.com Use ben4 for $4.00 off. Text me the words "Podcast" +1 (786) 364-5002 to be added to my contacts list.  Get Keto Flex Book here: http://www.ketoflexbook.com  Here are the 9 markers! Hemoglobin A1C. How gummed up with sugar are your blood cells? Hemoglobin A1C (hbA1c) measures your average blood sugar from the past 3 months. Your red blood cells carry oxygen to your tissues using a protein called Hemoglobin A. The higher your blood glucose, the more glucose sticks to the hemoglobin A1c protein. How glycated is your hemoglobin? Glycation is a spontaneous non-enzymatic reaction of free reducing sugars with free amino groups of proteins, DNA, and lipids that forms glycated residues. Sugar is sticky (think of cotton candy sticking to your fingers) and this sugar can gunk up your arteries and cells.  Our red blood cells keep a record of your behavior. The answer hides in your red blood cells – specifically, your hemoglobin. A1C measures average blood sugars by detecting the glucose stuck to the hemoglobin protein.  The higher A1C, the more glucose glycated your protein. Test your hemoglobin A1C to learn your average blood sugar. You can request this test from your doctor. There are also companies who have created A1C test kits to do at the comfort of your own home. A “normal” A1C level is below 5.7%, a level of 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes, and a level of 6.5% or more indicates diabetes. Within the 5.7% to 6.4% prediabetes range, the higher your A1C, the greater your risk is for developing type 2 diabetes. The functional medicine range of A1C is 5.2% or lower. C-Peptide. C-peptide is a substance that is created when the hormone insulin is produced and released into the body. The insulin C-peptide test measures the amount of this product in the blood. The pancreas makes insulin, but not directly. The beta cells in the pancreas first produce a protein called “proinsulin.” Each proinsulin breaks down to one molecule of insulin and one molecule of C–peptide. Both are released when blood sugar levels get high. The more your beta cells get stimulated for insulin production, the faster you gain weight and create inflammation. While moderate levels lower inflammation, even slightly higher levels have been linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, and cancer. C-peptide can give you a good idea if you've been overworking your beta cells. The functional medicine range for C-peptide is 0.8 – 3.8 ng/mL. Levels below 0.6 ng/mL (0.2 nmol/L) are a sign of possible beta cell failure and type 1 diabetes. High C-peptide levels indicate that the body is producing too much insulin. Fasting Insulin. This is a great compliment to the C-peptide test. Testing your insulin can reveal hidden problems in the way your body controls your blood sugar, years before they escalate to more serious issues, such as diabetes. In many cases, your blood sugar levels might not change for 10+ years, meanwhile you are getting closer each day to developing diabetes. This is because insulin is working so hard to keep those sugar levels “normal”. After a period, insulin cannot keep up with the demand. At this point blood sugars start to rise, and a diagnosis of prediabetes or diabetes is made. A fasting insulin test allows you to see if you are insulin resistant or on the road to insulin resistance. The standard reference range for a fasting insulin is less than 25 uIU/mL. The functional medicine range for fasting insulin is 3 – 7 uIU/mL. 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin (and hormone) the body needs to build and maintain strong bones. It helps absorb calcium in the gut, keeping calcium and phosphorus in balance to mineralize bones. Vitamin D also helps support immune balance. Most people are deficient in Vitamin D. Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency may include: -            Fatigue -            Not sleeping well -            Bone pain or achiness -            Depression or feelings of sadness -            Hair loss -            Muscle weakness -            Loss of appetite -            Getting sick more easily -            Pale skin  Is the solution to take Vitamin D supplements? Not really. I am not opposed to taking a fat-soluble complex supplement, but it isn't until you lower insulin that you'll be able to change your Vitamin D numbers for the better. High insulin levels block the production of Vitamin D! You can take all the vitamin D in the world, and get sunshine every day, but you will not optimize your vitamin D levels until insulin is optimized. The great news for you, this book will teach you how to do this. The standard reference range on your lab report is typically 30-80 ng/mL. The functional medicine range for Vitamin D is 60-80 ng/mL) Homocysteine. High homocysteine has been linked to many health problems including heart disease, dementia, and Alzheimer's. When homocysteine cannot be converted to other compounds, it builds up in the body and may cause damage. B vitamins play a very important role in this balance. The standard reference range for homocysteine is under 14.5 umol/L. The functional medicine range for homocysteine is 5 – 7 umol/L. High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein. An important marker of systemic inflammation. While this protein helps you fight infections, it is also a marker of low-grade inflammation and a predictor of your heart disease risk. People with higher hs-CRP values have a more elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and those with lower values have less risk. Standard reference range for hs-CRP is 0 – 3.0 mg/L. Functional medicine range for hs-CRP is 0.5 mg/L or under. Let's talk about lipids! The most common questions I get asked on social media is about cholesterol. Here are the markers I suggest you get done to assess if you are risk for heart disease. You will not see total cholesterol on here because this marker is close to meaningless. High Density Lipoprotein Count (HDL-C). HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is often referred to as the “good” cholesterol because it helps to remove the “bad” cholesterol from the body and is required for many vital processes within the body. Having high levels of HDL cholesterol has been shown to decrease your risk for heart disease. Cholesterol transported by HDL is known as “good” cholesterol because it is being removed from artery walls, which helps prevent, reduce, and even reverse hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and heart disease [2]. HDL also plays a role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, improving cell and immune function, enhancing insulin sensivity, and may protect against neurodegenerative disorders [5, 6, 7]. The standard reference range for HDL for men is 35 – 65 mg/dl, for women is 35 – 80 mg/dl. The functional reference range for HDL for men and women is 60-90 mg/dl. Triglycerides. High levels of triglycerides can increase your risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic health conditions. Triglycerides can be stored in fat tissue, or can be used as energy. For example, the body can release stored fats into the bloodstream as fatty acids when you don't eat for a prolonged time. These fatty acids travel back to the liver, which transforms them into triglyceride-containing very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) that are returned into the blood. On the other hand, your body stores more triglycerides when you overeat or have an unhealthy diet, such as the good ol' standard American diet. The standard reference range for triglycerides is under 150 mg/dL. The functional medicine range for triglycerides is under 90 mg/dL. Triglycerides to HDL ratio (TG:HDL). Your Triglyceride/HDL ratio helps offer a lifelong metric for your health. TG:HDL is one of the criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, which was briefly known as Reaven's syndrome, named after Gerald Reaven, MD, of Stanford University. He and his colleagues around the world pioneered much of the research on TG:HDL ratio that indicates cardiovascular risk. TG:HDL is a strong marker of lifestyle factors—Your TG:HDL ratio offers a way to see whether you have a metabolism that naturally has cardiac protection or whether you need to earn it. To calculate your TG:HDL ratio, you simply take your total triglycerides and divide this by your total HDL. The standard reference range for TG: HDL is below 3.5 The functional medicine range for TG: HDL is below 1.5. // R E S O U R C E S http://www.ketokampmachine.com Keto Mojo device, use code KETOKAMP Get your supplements here: http://www.ketokampsupplements.com  // F O L L O W ▸ instagram | @thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2B1NXKW ▸ facebook | /thebenazadi | http://bit.ly/2BVvvW6 ▸ twitter | @thebenazadi http://bit.ly/2USE0so Disclaimer: This podcast is for information purposes only. Statements and views expressed on this podcast are not medical advice. This podcast including Ben Azadi disclaim responsibility from any possible adverse effects from the use of information contained herein. Opinions of guests are their own, and this podcast does not accept responsibility of statements made by guests. This podcast does not make any representations or warranties about guests qualifications or credibility. Individuals on this podcast may have a direct or non-direct interest in products or services referred to herein. If you think you have a medical problem, consult a licensed physician.

On this episode of Vitality Radio Podcast, you get to hear Jared interviewed by Niki Wolfe on the Inside The Aisle Podcast. They talk all about cholesterol. Is it good or is it bad? What is the Lipid Hypothesis and the Cholesterol Hoax? Jared explains why we need cholesterol, balancing lipids, the problems with statins and other cholesterol medications, and natural alternatives to keeping it all in balance.Products:Natural Factors BerberineKyolic Aged Garlic Extract - Reserve FormulaKyolic Aged Garlic Extract - Cholesterol HealthSolaray Red Yeast RiceAdditional Information:Inside The Aisle PodcastEpisode #313: Women's Health and Hormone Balance, from PMS to Menopause and Beyond with Niki WolfeEpisode #257: Men's Health: Naturally Boost Sexual Performance, Testosterone, and Prostate Health with Niki WolfeVisit the podcast website here: VitalityRadio.comYou can follow @vitalityradio and @vitalitynutritionbountiful on Instagram, or Vitality Radio and Vitality Nutrition on Facebook. Join us also in the Vitality Radio Podcast Listener Community on Facebook. Shop the products that Jared mentions at vitalitynutrition.com. Let us know your thoughts about this episode using the hashtag #vitalityradio and please rate and review us on Apple Podcasts. Thank you!Just a reminder that this podcast is for educational purposes only. The FDA has not evaluated the podcast. The information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The advice given is not intended to replace the advice of your medical professional.

Guests: Dr. Mike Van Amburgh (Cornell University), Dr. Jose Santos (University of Florida), Dr. Heather White (University of Wisconsin-Madison)Gathering together at the 2023 Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference for the Balchem Mini-Symposium “New Revelations in Transition Cow Nutrition” are speakers Dr. Mike Van Amburgh, Dr. Jose Santos and Dr. Heather White. The mini symposium featured topics such as better understanding essential versus required nutrients, choline research as a nutritional requirement and insights on gaining the next five pounds of milk. Dr. Van Amburgh of Cornell University led the discussion, summarizing his report on essential and required nutrients such as amino acids and choline. He mentioned when formulating diets for lactating cows, it's important to understand there are other nutrients that aren't necessarily essential but are required. 4:53Shifting the conversation, Dr. Van Amburgh said establishing an optimum value has now replaced nutrient requirements based on energy. Recent evidence indicates that feeding rumen protected choline (RPC) significantly improves milk production. In addition, supplementing choline shows an increase in low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) output from the liver.  7:21Highlighting her research in supplementing choline, Dr. White shared that studies show a 20 to 25% increase from cells and culture after incorporating the nutrient. She added choline also increased the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) capacity, indicating a shift in nutrient incorporation. 11:45 As milk increases when infusing non-essential amino acids or even by using meta-analysis to supplement choline, how is glucose supply impacted? Dr. Santos, who focused his research on meta-analysis, said that even with the concurrent increase in dry matter intake, efficiency has still increased. He went on to say that studies from Wisconsin and Michigan highlight the basic understanding of a cow's variable ability to synthesis glucose differently with the ability to produce at least two kilograms more milk consistently. 21:30Within some of Dr. White's meta-analysis research, she mentioned mixing choline into the total mixed ration (TMR) allowed for the opportunity to analyze exact intake and also outcome production or energy corrected milk (ECM) fat. 34:08If cost isn't an issue, Dr. Santos mentioned that he's seen experiments feeding choline longer than 21 days postpartum and into 105 days at 12.9 grams. While no major benefit showed at that dosage amount, he added that other studies have shown benefits feeding choline longer and into mid lactation. 39:41Switching gears, Scott Sorrell, podcast host and director of global marketing for Balchem asked Dr. Santos about epigenetics and the effect choline has on behavioral changes. 44:59Sharing that epigenetics shifts genomes without changing sequences, Dr. Santos mentioned that through a two-by-two factorial experiment on choline, research indicates calf behaviors shifting and performance increasing. He went on to mention that history shows 30% of calves that were born from control dams and fed colostrum from control dams died from lipopolysaccharide challenges. 51:10Wrapping up the conversation, Dr. Zimmerman, podcast co-host and technical services manager for Balchem said that research speaks for itself. He stated that higher producing cows continue to prove choline as a required nutrient for transition cows. 55:50Please subscribe and share with your industry friends to bring more people to join us around the Real Science Exchange virtual pub table.  If you want one of our new Real Science Exchange t-shirts, screenshot your rating, review, or subscription, and email a picture to anh.marketing@balchem.com. Include your size and mailing address, and we'll get a shirt in the mail to you.

After years of demonizing dietary cholesterol, the consensus in the medical community is finally shifting: cholesterol-rich foods have a minimal impact on serum LDL or total cholesterol. Support your Intermittent Fasting lifestyle with the updated Berberine HCl Fasting Accelerator  by MYOXCIENCE: https://bit.ly/berberine-fasting-accelerator Use code podcast at checkout to save Link to research and video: https://bit.ly/3TlMQ0J ---------------------------Show Notes----------------------- 0:00 Intro 1:10 Insulin regulates the enzyme that synthesizes endogenous cholesterol.  1:50 Dietary cholesterol does not have a significant impact on serum cholesterol.  2:45 Carbohydrates increase LDL and total cholesterol and insulin. 3:30 Cholesterol has powerful benefits.  5:00 Low cholesterol diets can increase endogenous production of cholesterol and the expression of LDL receptors.  5:40 High cholesterol diet expresses fewer LDL receptors.  8:00 Eggs and meat consumption has a minimal impact on serum cholesterol.  8:53 Increased LDL cholesterol may be from of increased fat metabolism. 10:30 Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance modifies LDL particles to be smaller and denser and more likely to become atherogenic.  13:50 Diabetes can be a side effect of Statin drugs. 14:20 Cholesterol is used to make bile. 16:20 A diet rich in seed oils may foster the modification of LDL cholesterol that can make the atherogenic. 17:45 LDL cholesterol has antiviral properties. 19:30 Insulin resistance and physical inactivity increase triglyceride production, leading to the formation of fats in the liver and elevated triglycerides and elevated vLDL cholesterol.

Los triglicéridos son un tipo de grasa formada por 3 ácidos grasos unidos a una molécula de glicerol. Se pueden almacenar en forma de grasa como tejido adiposo e incluso se pueden encontrar en la sangre, por la cual viajan para llegar a todas las células de nuestro organismo. El nivel normal de triglicéridos en sangre es aquel menor de 150mg/dl.Los podemos obtener de 2 maneras:A partir de la alimentación y posterior absorción en el intestino de los ácidos grasos.Mediante síntesis de triglicéridos en el hígado (órgano encargado de producirlos).Los triglicéridos viajan por la sangre a través de los quilomicrones y en forma de VLDL. Los quilomicrones son las lipoproteínas de transportar los ácidos grasos absorbidos en el intestino hasta el hígado. En cambio, las VLDL (lipoproteínas de muy baja densidad), son un tipo de lipoproteínas encargadas de transportar por la sangre los triglicéridos sintetizados en el hígado hasta las células del organismo.En la analítica aparece reflejado el parámetro total de triglicéridos, el cual es el resultado de la suma de las concentraciones en el plasma de los triglicéridos aportados por los quilomicrones y las VLDL.El aumento de triglicéridos en sangre se conoce como hipertrigliceridemia. No obstante, aunque no se asocie directamente con mayor riesgo cardiovascular, ya que es el colesterol el principal ácido graso con importante riesgo aterogénico y causante del desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, un nivel elevado de triglicéridos en sangre empeora el perfil lipídico y afectar al riesgo cardiovascular.La hipertrigliceridemia se clasifica en: Triglicéridos en el límite alto de la normalidad: 150-199 mg/dL. Triglicéridos altos: 200-499 mg/dL. Factor de riesgo cardiovascular.Triglicéridos muy altos: ≥ 500 mg/dL. Riesgo de desarrollar pancreatitis.Se produce por: Obesidad.Exceso de grasa en la dieta.Diabetes no controlada.Hipotiroidismo.Afección renal.Hepatopatía.Ingestión excesiva de alcohol.TRATAMIENTO DIETÉTICOAlimentación con perfil lipídico cardiosaludable (priorizando monoinsaturadas y manteniendo una buena relación con los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados tipo omega 3 y 6) con recomendación de 20 - 30 Kcal/día de grasas en la dieta.Omega 3:Reduce las moléculas VLDL y los triglicéridos del plasma ya que inhiben la síntesis hepática de triglicéridos.Reduce la viscosidad sanguínea.Etc.Optar por alimentos con hidratos de carbono de liberación lenta, es decir, HC en versiones complejas y/o integrales.Aportar fibra a través de la alimentación, priorizando alimentos HC en versiones integrales y complejas, verduras y hortalizas, legumbres…Evitar el consumo de alcohol, ya que es rico en calorías vacías (azúcares simples).Su consumo estimula la síntesis de triglicéridos ya que compite con los ácidos grasos para su oxidación.Inhibe la acción de la lipasa hepática generando un aumento de los niveles de triglicéridos.

Get a free nursing lab values cheat sheet at NURSING.com/63labs   What is the Lab Name for Low Density Lipoprotein Lab Values? Low Density Lipoprotein   What is the Lab Abbreviation for Low Density Lipoprotein? LDL   What is Low Density Lipoprotein in terms of Nursing Labs? Cholesterol is transported via lipoproteins. There are multiple types of lipoproteins and they each have slightly different functions: high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, LDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). LDL cholesterol is considered bad cholesterol because as it travels through the blood, it deposits cholesterol into the lining of blood vessels, causing atherosclerosis and an increase in cardiovascular disease.   What is the Normal Range for Low Density Lipoprotein?

Get a free nursing lab values cheat sheet at NURSING.com/63labs   What is the Lab Name for High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Lab Values? High Density Lipoprotein   What is the Lab Abbreviation for High Density Lipoprotein? HDL   What is High Density Lipoprotein in terms of Nursing Labs? Cholesterol is transported via lipoproteins. There are multiple types of lipoproteins and they each have slightly different functions: high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, LDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). HDL cholesterol is considered the good cholesterol because it travels through the blood picking up extra cholesterol and taking it back to the liver.   What is the Normal Range for High Density Lipoprotein? 60 optimal mg/dL   What are the Indications for High Density Lipoprotein? Monitor risks of heart disease   What would cause Increased Levels of High Density Lipoprotein? Familial HDL Lipoproteinemia Exercise Unsaturated fats: Mono- Poly- Hypothyroid   What would cause Decreased Levels of High Density Lipoprotein? Metabolic Syndrome Hepatocellular disease: Hepatitis Cirrhosis Hypoproteinemia: Nephrotic Syndrome Malnutrition Smoking High saturated and trans fat diets Excess body weight Hyperthyroid

Kristin Rowell, FNTP, JD shares mindset tips and why resistance training strategies to support metabolic health, fat loss and longevity at any age. Support your next workout with the new Electrolyte + Creatine Combo by MYOXCIENCE: bit.ly/electrolyte-stix Save with code podcast at checkout Video Interview and resources: https://bit.ly/kristin-rowell Episode Time Stamps: 02:30 Kristin was a successful attorney. When she began meditating, she began to nurture her soul, rather than her ego. She evolved out of the practice of law. 03:30 She fell and broke leg in 10 places, resulting in 20 pieces of metal being placed in her leg. Kristen was in great physical condition prior to the fall and questioned whether she had osteoporosis or a nutrient deficiency. Her healing journey from this injury brought her interest in nutrition. 05:23 An injury can be a gift, because it causes you to pause and dig deeper. 10:24 Meditation included guided interactive meditation, moving energy through her body, with a coach and using the Calm app on her phone.  You can blend modalities, like breathwork with meditation. 11:25 Chi breathing is 1 second in, 1 second out, 1 second in through the mouth only. Breathwork helps Kristin to release emotion. It is meditative. 13:45 Money is energy. Kristin hired a meditation coach, a business coach and an energy coach. Financial commitment brings more value and is a better energy exchange. 14:50 Kristin helps people improve their metabolic health, gain lean muscle, and lose body fat.  A coach, trainer or mentor provides accountability.  Kristin does not aspire to retire. 19:15 Many of us are self-limiting about money. Trust the universe. There is room for everyone on the planet to be abundant. 21:45 As long as your investment in yourself aligns with your soul purpose, you will be rewarded. The universe will take care of you. 24:35 Being fit and healthy is part of your job. Kristin's female clients tend to put everyone and everything ahead of themselves. No is a complete sentence. 25:42 When you are metabolically healthy, you are happier, in a better mood, have more energy so you show up for everyone in your life better, you are a better boss, you serve your client's better, and you are a better spouse and parent. 27:00 Talk to your doctor about your medications and the side effects. 30:20 When you show up as your authentic self, it gives everyone around you permission to do the same. 31:30 Pause at mealtime and focus on creating a healthy digestive system so you can assimilate nutrients. 33:00 Inadequate protein consumption is common among Kristin's new clients. Protein takes some food prep and corporate food does not promote protein. 34:15 Reducing carbohydrate consumption, replacing them with protein and healthy fats, benefits cognition, improves blood sugar regulation, and reduces inflammation. 35:33 When eating out, prioritize protein, fill in with fat and carefully add carbs. Eat fiber first to help your digestion.  You are more likely to order more food and dessert if you start your meal with bread. 39:50 Food marketing programs your brain to think that what you are doing is healthy. 42:00 The further a food gets away from its natural state the worse it is going to be for you, generally. Treat dried fruit like you would candy. 43:38 Kirstin does periodic 72-hour fasts to reset her digestion and regulates her blood sugar. We were designed to eat when the sun is out and not eat when it is dark. 45:25 We store glycogen in our liver and our skeletal muscle. When those are full, it is stored as bodyfat. 45:40 Fasting reminds your body to get glucagon, the hormone that opposes insulin, to come out of the pancreas to break up triglycerides in your fat cells. 46:40 High triglycerides in women are indicative of cardiovascular disease issues, more so than LDL. You can manipulate a cholesterol test over the course of 48 hours. LDL is like floating fluff and vLDL is very dense, like hail. 50:30 Statins are correlated to dementia and increases in hemoglobin A1C. 51:30 Women weightlifting is becoming more accepted. Women still think that lifting weights will make them bulky. Treadmill and elliptical are supplemental to a resistance training workout. 52:10 Your resting metabolic rate is the most important component of your metabolism. It makes up 60 to 70% of your metabolism. It is a direct result of how much lean muscle tissue you have. 52:30 Creating lean muscle tissue creates great cardiovascular and cognitive benefit. Lifting and lowering weights is resistance/strength training. You get almost twice the benefit from the lowering. 53:26 A heavy full body strength training session to the point of fatigue/failure should not be repeated until 72 hours have passed. 54:05 You build lean muscle tissue when you are in quality deep sleep. 56:30 We are stronger lowering than lifting. A personal trainer or friend can help with the lowering (eccentric) part when approaching failure in the movement. Consistency and Quality over quantity is key.

VIDEOS: Hang on, the WEF is now doing THIS to our internet? | Redacted with Clayton Morris – 7:00 This intense AI anger is exactly what experts warned of, w Elon Musk. – 15:01 New Brain Implant Begins Human Trials – Neuralink Update! – 14:00  Get the latest information from the CDC about COVID-19. Professor Sucharit Bhakdi, M.D – 10:00  Study links omega-3s to improved brain structure, cognition at midlife University of Texas Health Science Center, October 5, 2022 Eating cold-water fish and other sources of omega-3 fatty acids may preserve brain health and enhance cognition in middle age, new evidence indicates. Having at least some omega-3s in red blood cells was associated with better brain structure and cognitive function among healthy study volunteers in their 40s and 50s, according to research published in Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. “Studies have looked at this association in older populations. The new contribution here is that, even at younger ages, if you have a diet that includes some omega-3 fatty acids, you are already protecting your brain for most of the indicators of brain aging that we see at middle age,” said Claudia Satizabal, PhD the lead author of the study. Volunteers' average age was 46. The team looked at the relation of red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid concentrations with MRI and cognitive markers of brain aging. Researchers also studied the effect of omega-3 red blood cell concentrations in volunteers who carried APOE4, a genetic variation linked to higher risk of Alzheimer's disease. The study of 2,183 dementia- and stroke-free participants found that: Higher omega-3 index was associated with larger hippocampal volumes. The hippocampus, a structure in the brain, plays a major role in learning and memory. Consuming more omega-3s was associated with better abstract reasoning, or the ability to understand complex concepts using logical thinking. APOE4 carriers with a higher omega-3 index had less small-vessel disease. The APOE4 gene is associated with cardiovascular disease and vascular dementia. “Omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA are key micronutrients that enhance and protect the brain,” said study coauthor Debora Melo van Lent, PhD, postdoctoral research fellow at the Biggs Institute. “Our study is one of the first to observe this effect in a younger population. More studies in this age group are needed.” Multiple health benefits of b-type procyanidin-rich foods like chocolate and apples consumed in right amounts Shibaura Institute of Technology (Japan), October 5, 2022 B-type procyanidins, made of catechin oligomers, are a class of polyphenols found abundantly in foods like cocoa, apples, grape seeds, and red wine. Several studies have established the benefits of these micronutrients in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and strokes. B-type procyanidins are also successful in controlling hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. Studies attest to the physiological benefits of their intake on the central nervous system (CNS), namely an improvement in cognitive functions. These physiological changes follow a pattern of hormesis—a phenomenon in which peak benefits of a substance are achieved at mid-range doses, becoming progressively lesser at lower and higher doses. Researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology (SIT), Japan, led by Professor Naomi Osakabe, reviewed the data from intervention trials supporting hormetic responses of B-type procyanidin ingestion. The team conducted in vivo experiments to understand possible connections between B-type procyanidin hormetic responses and CNS neurotransmitter receptor activation. Their article has been published in Frontiers of Nutrition . The researchers noted that a single oral administration of an optimal dose of cocoa flavanol temporarily increased the blood pressure and heart rate in rats. But the hemodynamics did not change when the dose was increased or decreased. Administration of B-type procyanidin monomer and various oligomers produced similar results. According to Professor Osakabe, “These results are consistent with those of intervention studies following a single intake of food rich in B-type procyanidin, and support the U-shaped dose-response theory, or hormesis, of polyphenols.” To observe whether the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is involved in the hemodynamic changes induced by B-type procyanidins, the team administered adrenaline blockers in test rats. This successfully decreased the temporary increase in heart rate induced by the optimal dose of cocoa flavanol. A different kind of blocker—a1 blocker—inhibited the transient rise in blood pressure. This suggested that the SNS, which controls the action of adrenaline blockers, is responsible for the hemodynamic and metabolic changes induced by a single oral dose of B-type procyanidin. The researchers next ascertained why optimal doses, and not high doses, are responsible for the thermogenic and metabolic responses. They co-administered a high dose of cocoa flavanol and yohimbine (an α2 blocker) and noted a temporary but distinct increase in blood pressure in test animals. Similar observations were made with the use of B-type procyanidin oligomer and yohimbine. Professor Osakabe surmises, “Since α2 blockers are associated with the down-regulation of the SNS, the reduced metabolic and thermogenic outputs at a high dose of B-type procyanidins seen in our study may have induced α2 auto-receptor activation. Thus, SNS deactivation may be induced by a high dose of B-type procyanidins.” Meditation keeps emotional brain in check Michigan State University, September 29, 2022 Meditation can help tame your emotions even if you're not a mindful person, suggests a new study from Michigan State University. Reporting in the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, psychology researchers recorded the brain activity of people looking at disturbing pictures immediately after meditating for the first time. These participants were able to tame their negative emotions just as well as participants who were naturally mindful. “Our findings not only demonstrate that meditation improves emotional health, but that people can acquire these benefits regardless of their ‘natural' ability to be mindful,” said Yanli Lin, an MSU graduate student and lead investigator of the study. “It just takes some practice.” Researchers assessed 68 participants for mindfulness using a scientifically validated survey. The participants were then randomly assigned to engage in an 18-minute audio guided meditation or listen to a control presentation of how to learn a new language, before viewing negative pictures (such as a bloody corpse) while their brain activity was recorded. The participants who meditated – they had varying levels of natural mindfulness – showed similar levels of “emotion regulatory” brain activity as people with high levels of natural mindfulness. In other words their emotional brains recovered quickly after viewing the troubling photos, essentially keeping their negative emotions in check. In addition, some of the participants were instructed to look at the gruesome photos “mindfully” (be in a mindful state of mind) while others received no such instruction. Interestingly, the people who viewed the photos “mindfully” showed no better ability to keep their negative emotions in check. This suggests that for non-meditators, the emotional benefits of mindfulness might be better achieved through meditation, rather than “forcing it” as a state of mind, said Moser, MSU associate professor of clinical psychology and co-author of the study. A mother's ultra-processed food intake may be linked to obesity risk in her children Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, October 5, 2022 A mother's consumption of ultra-processed foods appears to be linked to an increased risk of overweight or obesity in her offspring, irrespective of other lifestyle risk factors, suggests a U.S. study published by The BMJ today. The researchers that mothers might benefit from limiting their intake of ultra-processed foods, that dietary guidelines should be refined, and financial and social barriers removed to improve nutrition for women of childbearing age and reduce childhood obesity. Researchers drew on data for 19,958 children born to 14,553 mothers (45% boys, aged 7-17 years at study enrollment) from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) and the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS I and II) in the United States. The results show that a mother's ultra-processed food consumption was associated with an increased risk of overweight or obesity in her offspring. For example, a 26% higher risk was seen in the group with the highest maternal ultra-processed food consumption (12.1 servings/day) versus the lowest consumption group (3.4 servings/day). Reishi Mushrooms Proven For Fibromyalgia Pain Relief In Human Study University of Extremadura (Spain), September 29, 2022 A promising double-blind, randomized human clinical study of ganoderma lucidum, also known as reishi mushroom, has been shown to be effective in treating fibromyalgia chronic pain. To begin, science knows that the reishi mushroom is the most studied nutraceutical and that it has been used safely and effectively for thousands of years. It is often called the mushroom of longevity and immortality. Reishi has several biologically-active compounds in it, including triterpenes, which have been shown to increase the production of Nerve Growth Factor. NGF is a protein that helps to create new neurons and repair damaged neurons. This also enhances the communication between cells and reduces inflammation. In the fibromyalgia chronic pain study, one group consumed 6 grams of reishi mushroom powder per day and another group consumed 6 grams of carob powder per day. Each group participated for 6 weeks and continued to self-report their experiences for 72 days after the treatment. The reishi mushroom group experienced pain reduction by up to 30%, which is significant. They also reported getting better sleep, were happier and gained aerobic endurance and body flexibility. Time-restricted eating improves health of firefighters Salk Institute, October 3, 2022 In collaboration with the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department, scientists from the Salk Institute and UC San Diego Health conducted a clinical trial and found that time-restricted eating improved measures of health and well-being in firefighters. The lifestyle intervention only required the firefighters to eat during a 10-hour window and did not involve skipping meals. The new findings, published in Cell Metabolism may also have implications for shift workers, such as military personnel; health care, food service, and transportation professionals; telecommunications staff; and new parents, whose schedules often mimic shift work when caring for a new baby. “Doctors and researchers are always thinking about the magic pill that can cure or reduce disease. Our study showed that shift workers with high blood pressure, blood sugar, or cholesterol can benefit from a simple lifestyle intervention called time-restricted eating,” says Salk Professor Satchidananda Panda, co-corresponding author of the study and holder of the Rita and Richard Atkinson Chair. Almost every cell in the body has a 24-hour biological clock that produces circadian (daily) rhythms. These rhythms regulate behavior (e.g., when to be active and when to rest) and physiology (e.g., blood pressure, blood sugar, muscle function). Circadian rhythms coordinate with the environment in part by regular, timed cycles of light and dark and eating and fasting. Disruptions to these cycles, which can occur with shift work, can impact health, leading to obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. In this clinical trial, 150 firefighters from the San Diego Fire-Rescue Department used the myCircadianClock app on their phones to track their eating for three months. Half the group ate within a 10-hour window, while the other half (the control group) changed nothing and ate within a 14-hour window. Both groups were encouraged to follow a Mediterranean diet, which is known to have health benefits. The study included both individuals who were healthy and those who were overweight or who had health conditions such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, and/or blood glucose. The researchers found that time-restricted eating within a 10-hour eating window was feasible without adverse effects and helped the firefighters significantly decrease their VLDL (“bad”) cholesterol size by 1.34 nanometers (small VLDL is less likely to block arteries), improve their mental health, and reduce their alcohol intake by roughly three drinks per week. Time-restricted eating also significantly improved blood sugar and blood pressure in firefighters who had elevated levels at the start of the study. The researchers concluded that time-restricted eating may provide even greater benefit for those at risk for cardiometabolic disease and other chronic diseases.

The consensus in the medical community about the importance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction is finally shifting. Ample research shows that elevated triglycerides and triglyceride-related lipoproteins are more problematic than LDL-C when it comes to the risk of heart and metabolic disease. This new Electrolyte + Creatine Combo can help you crush your next workout: https://bit.ly/electrolyte-stix Use code podcast at checkout to save Enroll in the Blood Work MasterClass Live, our next call is Tuesday August 2nd, 2022: https://bit.ly/blood-work-masterclass Link to Video and Research:  Time Stamps: bit.ly/3JjJTbH 0:45 Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein is a hallmark of diabetic dyslipidemia. It cannot be controlled by statins.  4:50 Remnant cholesterol is independently associated with the onset of diabetes.  5:33 Remnant lipoproteins are a consequence of lipid absorption from the GI tract.  6:50 Apo-B is on the extra cellular surface of atherogenic vLDL, IDL, LDL, and remnant lipoprotein.  7:40 HDL have the Apo-A1 protein on the extra-cellular surface.  8:35 Test your Apo-B to Apo-A1 ratio and your vLDL, LDL and remnant lipoprotein assessment.  9:15 IDL and vLDL are enriched in triglycerides and cholesterol and drive inflammatory processes. 9:45 Statins are anti-inflammatory.  10:45 Remnant lipoproteins drive metabolic disease by increasing ectopic lipid deposition.   11:35 Remnant lipoproteins induce endothelial dysfunction. 12:00 Clotting cascades can be driven by remnant lipoproteins.  13:35 Remnant lipoproteins can penetrate the arterial wall and become trapped and oxidized, creating plaque. 15:00 Remnant triglyceride rich lipoproteins are more atherogenic than LDL cholesterol. 15:50 Dietary fat composition can render lipoproteins more oxidizable.  17:00 Request the labs listed on page 1 of the Bloodwork Cheat Sheet. Do fasted labs then non-fasted lipid levels.  18:15 Lipid Load Test: if your blood triglycerides are more than 220 nanograms/ml, you have difficulty processing fats in the post meal window. 18:55 Lose weight, especially around the abdomen.  19:35 Eat a low carb diet. 20:05 Exercise regularly, both resistance training and aerobic exercise. 20:25 Statins lower triglycerides 20 to 30%. They also induce insulin resistance, which increases triglycerides. 20:55 Omega 3 fats reduce triglycerides. Test your omega 3s. 23:05 Optimal fasting triglycerides are around 60 and 70. Postprandial triglycerides should be less than 180.

This week, Dr. Danielle is back for part two of her highly requested cholesterol series, where she is setting you up with the foundational knowledge about cholesterol and lipid metabolism. She covers why this topic is so important for your health, and she arms you with the tools to debate any cholesterol denier or self-proclaimed bio-hacker at your next dinner party.  In order to truly understand the way nutrition, diet, lifestyle, and medications impact cholesterol and heart disease, you have to understand lipid metabolism. The Cholesterol class is in session!    On today's episode, Danielle addresses the following questions surrounding cholesterol metabolism:   Why is lipid metabolism important?   Where does cholesterol actually come from and how does your body make it? And how does your body get rid of cholesterol?   What happens when cholesterol is turned into bile? What happens to VLDL, LDL, and HDL particles in the body? Where do they go? What happens when we eat food, including dietary cholesterol? How do the cells in your small intestine play a role in lipid metabolism? What are chylomicrons, what do they do, and why aren't we measuring them?   How does our body know how to regulate the amount of cholesterol it makes? And much more!   Thank you so much for taking the time to contribute to a generation that values fact over fiction! Be sure to rate, review, and follow on your favorite podcast app and let us know which not-so-wellness trend you'd like to hear debunked. Follow your host on Instagram @daniellebelardomd and the podcast @wellnessfactvsfiction       Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible. Check out these deals just for you:  COZY EARTH - Go to cozyearth.com and enter WELLNESS at checkout to SAVE thirty-five  Percent. 

CardioNerds Tommy Das (Program Director of the CardioNerds Academy and cardiology fellow at Cleveland Clinic), Rick Ferraro (cardiology fellow at the Johns Hopkins Hospital), and Dr. Xiaoming Jia (Cardiology Fellow at Baylor College Medicine) take a closer look at the mechanism of icosapent ethyl in triglyceride lowering and ASCVD risk reduction with Dr. Michael Shapiro, the Fred M. Parrish professor of cardiology at Wake Forest University and Director of the Center for Preventative Cardiology at Wake Forest Baptist Health. Audio editing by CardioNerds Academy Intern, student doctor Akiva Rosenzveig. This episode is part of the CardioNerds Lipids Series which is a comprehensive series lead by co-chairs Dr. Rick Ferraro and Dr. Tommy Das and is developed in collaboration with the American Society For Preventive Cardiology (ASPC). Relevant disclosures: None Pearls • Notes • References • Guest Profiles • Production Team CardioNerds Cardiovascular Prevention PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Pearls - Icosapent Ethyl Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are two major Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil. While both have been shown to lower triglycerides, only purified EPA formulations have been shown to reduce ASCVD risk.Mechanisms of triglyceride (TG) lowering by icosapent ethyl are multiple and include reduction of hepatic VLDL production, stimulation of lipoprotein lipase activity, increased chylomicron clearance, reduced lipogenesis, increased beta oxidation, and reduced delivery of fatty acids to the liver.There was only modest reduction of triglycerides in REDUCE-IT and JELIS despite association with significant reduction in cardiovascular outcome events, suggesting likely mechanisms outside of triglyceride lowering that may contribute to ASCVD reduction.While there was an increased signal for peripheral edema and atrial fibrillation associated with icosapent ethyl in prior trials, overall side effect rates were very low.Icosapent ethyl is considered to be cost-effective based on cost-effective analysis. Show notes - Icosapent Ethyl EPA and DHA have differing biological properties that may explain differences in ASCVD risk reduction observed in cardiovascular outcome trials 1.The REDUCE-IT trial, which enrolled secondary prevention and high-risk primary prevention patients with elevated triglycerides who were on statin therapy, showed significant reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events in the icosapent ethyl group compared with a mineral oil placebo2. Only modest reductions of TG were seen in the REDUCE-IT and JELIS trials despite association with significant reduction in events 2,3.  Potential mechanisms contributing favorable effects of EPA on ASCVD risk reduction include inhibition of cholesterol crystal formation, stabilization of membrane structures, reversal of endothelial dysfunction, inhibition of lipoprotein and membrane lipid oxidation 4.Pleotropic effects of EPA include influence on platelet aggregation, lower thromboxane activity, increased prostaglandin level, and effects on blood pressure, insulin resistance and inflammation.Triglycerides are a surrogate for triglycerides-rich lipoproteins, which are likely causally associated with ASCVD 5.There is increased signal for bleeding, lower extremity edema, and atrial fibrillation with icosapent ethyl but overall side effect rates are very low 2.In order to ensure higher rates of medication access and adherence, clinicians must be cognizant of the cost to the patient. In practice, it is important to have a structured approach to improve insurance approval rate for medications that require prior authorizationsWith icosapent ethyl, cost effectiveness analyses have shown the medication is cost-effect for ASCVD risk reduction in secondary...