Podcasts about hasan

I am making this video with Mahmoud, Ahmed, Faten, and Hasan active channel subscribers and great American English learners. It is always nice to practice American English skills with friends! Everyone is learning English skills very quickly. The opportunity to speak is extremely rare and I value the opportunity. Thanks for watching and subscribing! Contact me at tutorjack0000@gmail.com or SKYPE: jack.bosma1 Instagram: tutorjack1 Twitter: @JACKBOSMA and Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/jack.bosma I appreciate your time! https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1qRTGH8pW-FXp6blNBQjDTz4u5s5zrljbXhTa0XprDOw/edit?ts=5e949400&fbclid=IwAR2k9aN81dkDQW9qHaGNpweTC65HhkZZb6CRgkrH2navXNClREAlESCxcww#gid=1181376636 #english #learn #conversation --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/jack-bosma3/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/jack-bosma3/support

SHERI HORN HASAN discusses the upcoming Virgo New Moon in the context of fallen heroes & how new perspectives lead to revised future plans--now that the Sun's in Virgo & Mercury entered Libra (where he'll retrograde at the end of the month!) Tune in for more Astro News You Can Use, including Mars opposite Neptune September 3, Mercury trine Saturn September 4, Venus square Pluto September 5, Mars trine Pluto & Venus trine Jupiter, all leading up to the Virgo New Moon which trines Uranus on September 6!Tune in live or listen to the recording anytime! Namaste...https://karmicevolution.com/astrologically-speaking/SHERI HORN HASAN discusses the upcoming Virgo New Moon in the context of fallen heroes & how new perspectives lead to revised future plans--now that the Sun's in Virgo & Mercury entered Libra (where he'll retrograde at the end of the month!) Tune in for more Astro News You Can Use, including Mars opposite Neptune September 3, Mercury trine Saturn September 4, Venus square Pluto September 5, Mars trine Pluto & Venus trine Jupiter, all leading up to the Virgo New Moon which trines Uranus on September 6! Tune in live or listen to the recording anytime! Namaste...

Tak hanya tersandung kasus jual-beli jabatan, Hasan Aminuddin ditengarai ikut mengatur penyaluran beras dan ikan laut dalam program bantuan pangan nontunai di Kabupaten Probolinggo ketika istrinya menjabat bupati di sana. Di lapangan, banyak warga mengeluhkan beras bantuan tersebut berkualitas buruk. Tujuh perusahaan yang menjadi penyedia beras diduga terafiliasi dengan Hasan. Putra Hasan, yang kini mencalonkan diri sebagai bupati, juga menjadi salah satu penyedia ikan dalam bantuan tersebut. --- Baca informasi harian komprehensif lainnya dengan mengunjungi website koran.tempo.co atau mengunduh aplikasi Tempo.

Jejaring dinasti politik Hasan Aminuddin terbentang sejak 18 tahun silam. Setelah ia dua kali terpilih sebagai bupati Probolinggo, pucuk pimpinan daerah tingkat dua di Jawa Timur itu beralih ke istrinya, yang juga menjabat berulang. Di tengah upaya mengantar anak mereka sebagai bupati, suami-istri itu tertangkap petugas Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi. Tempo menelusuri jejak korupsi Hasan yang turut melanggengkan kekuasaannya. --- Baca informasi harian komprehensif lainnya dengan mengunjungi website koran.tempo.co atau mengunduh aplikasi Tempo.

Life isn't fair, it's a thought unsettling but true. On the 51st episode of Secrets of Storytellers, we challenge things like meritocracy with Hasan Kubba, a serial entrepreneur and a coach. We talk about how luck needs to be respected and how you can increase your chances of getting lucky. Hasan goes on to claim and make a strong case for the fact that we all have lots of unfair advantages in life and we need to leverage them to the full. But how do we know our Unfair Advantages? Hasan gives us a solid framkework - ‘MILES' to identify them and use them well. You can pick up the book at: https://www.amazon.in/Unfair-Advantage-Startup-Success-Starts/dp/1788163311/ref=sr_1_1?crid=37RC46EAXE5U4&dchild=1&keywords=unfair+advantage&qid=1630374920&sprefix=unfair+advan%2Caps%2C293&sr=8-1 --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/secrets-of-storytellers/support

It was this Khudhābandah who embraced Islam [...] when he died, there succeeded to the kingdom his son Abū Sa'īd Bahādur Khān. He was an excellent and a generous king. He became king while of tender age, and when I saw him in Baghdād he was still a youth, the most beautiful of God's creatures in features, and without any growth on his cheeks. His vizier at that time was the amīr Ghiyāth al-Dīn Muḥammad, son of Khwāja Rashīd; his father was one of the migrant Jews, and had been appointed vizier by the sultan Muḥammad Khudhābandah, the father of Abū Sa'īd. I saw both [the sultan and his vizier] one day on the Tigris in a launch [...]; in front of him was Dimashq Khwāja, son  of the amīr [Choban], who held the mastery over Abū Sa'īd, and to the right and left of him were [...] musicians and dancers. I was witness to one of his acts of generosity on the same day; he was accosted by a company of blind men, who complained to him of their miserable state, and he ordered each one of them to be given a garment, a slave to elad him, and a regular allowance for his maintenance.       So the great Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta describes Abu Sa'id in the early 1330s, the final ruler of the Ilkhanate to preside over the united ulus, and to hold any authority. Succeeding his father Oljeitu as a 12 year old boy in July 1317, Abu Sa'id spent his first years on the Ilkhanid throne in the shadow of the great emir, the Noyan Choban. Today, we take you through the life and reign of Abu Sa'id, the last of the Khan in the line of Hulegu, grandson of Chinggis and conqueror of Baghdad. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.       Abu Sa'id's early life was spent under the control of Choban. Unlike his contemporary, El-Temur, the Yuan Dynasty chancellor who left the boy-khan Toghon Temur a mistreated and ignored puppet who feared for his life; Choban protected the young Abu Sa'id and ensured he had a proper Islamic education, teaching him to read, write and speak Persian and Arabic, while also versing him in the history and genealogies of the house of Chinggis Khan and the noyans. In the opinion of the great historian of the Ilkhanate, Charles Melville, Choban viewed himself as a servant of the state, a man who combined pride in service to the Chinggisids while observing sharia law. He was, granted, an exceptionally powerful servant. But his Khan, Oljeitu, had put Abu Sa'id in the care of Choban, and Choban was going to provide for the young lad. Needless to say, almost all decrees of the early reign of Abu Sa'id, if not all of them, first had to pass the approval of Choban, if they did not come from his mind originally. A military man, Choban was not always aware of, or cared for, court protocols both in the Ilkhanate or those it engaged in diplomacy with. Yet he was still a pragmatist, who recognized the strengths and weaknesses of the khanate he now oversaw.   Initially, Abu Sa'id Il-Khan and Choban had kept Rashid al-Din and Taj al-Din ‘Ali-Shah in place as Ilkhanid viziers. Rashid al-Din had of course served since the last years of Ghazan's reign, and ‘Ali-Shah had been appointed to the position in 1312 by Oljeitu. Neither man much liked the other, and ‘Ali-Shah saw the new khan as an opportunity to oust Rashid. Only two months after Abu Sa'id's enthronement, ‘Ali-Shah's whispers succeeded in getting the young Khan to dismiss Rashid al-Din from service. Rashid's retirement did not last long, as Choban swiftly recalled him, telling Rashid that his service to the state was as necessary as salt to food. Choban seemed to genuinely recognize Rashid al-Din's talents and wanted to keep him on, but had not counted on Taj al-Din ‘Ali Shah conspiring with Rashid al-Din's enemies, who loathed him for his wealth, success and still doubted the authenticity of his conversion to Islam. Rashid al-Din, of course, had been born and raised in  a Jewish family. While he had converted to Islam over four decades prior, his Jewish heritage was reason enough for some to despise him.    Rashid's rivals, aided with money and whispers, raised new charges: that Rashid al-Din's son Ibrahim had poisoned Oljeitu Il-Khan on Rashid's orders. As Rashid al-Din had been Oljeitu's physician during his final illness, it was a damning charge. Choban, never one skilled in the subtleties and conspiring of government, either believed the rumours or was paid off by ‘Ali-Shah. He informed Abu Sa'id of the accusation, and various bribed commanders affirmed the veracity. It was a tough trial, and Rashid al-Din fought vigorously. But Abu Sa'id wanted revenge for his father. In July 1318, Rashid al-Din watched helplessly as his son Ibrahim was decapitated before him. As the executioner's blade came for him, he yelled his final defiance: “say to ‘Ali Shah, “You have had me killed for no crime. It will not be long before fate will requite you of me, and the only difference between us will be that my grave will be older than yours.”  Rashid al-Din was then cut in half at the waist and his head paraded around Tabriz while people chanted “this is the head of the Jew who abused the name of God; may God's curse be upon him!” His quarter built outside the city, the Rab-e Rashidi was looted and burned. So ended the long career of Rashid al-Din Hamadani, vizier and historian, the author of our much relied on Compendium of Chronicles. Taj al-Din ‘Ali-Shah only outlived Rashid by six years, though he would be the only Ilkhanid vizier for sure known to have died a natural death.       Following Rashid's death, a more pressing crisis struck the Ilkhanate. The pax Mongolica achieved in 1305 finally unraveled violently in 1318 and 1319. A Chagatai prince in Ilkhanid service revolted and requested aid from his kinsmen in Central Asia, threatening an invasion from the east, while in the north an army under the new Khan of the Golden Horde, Ozbeg, raced over the Caucasus. It was narrowly fought. Husain Noyan was sent to crush the Chagatai uprising, while the young Abu Sa'id, always one to heedlessly dismiss risks,  marched to face mighty Ozbeg. Defeated in the first battle, only the timely reinforcement by Choban Noyan saved Abu Sa'id and forced Ozbeg to retreat at the Kur River. The Chagatai and Jochid threat did not dissipate though. Both khanates invaded again over the 1320s, though repeatedly it was Choban's family who proved decisive in repelling them. Ozbeg's second invasion was defeated by Choban around 1325, and in 1326 an attack by the future Chagatai Khan Tarmashirin was overcome by Choban's oldest son, Hasan.        While these external foes were faced, internal rebellion also rocked the khanate. Commanders who fled before Ozbeg were severely punished by Choban, and in response they plotted to overthrow Abu Sa'id and replace him for his uncle, Irenjin. The plot was discovered, and Abu Sa'id once more led the army. This time victory was gained: despite even Irinjin's wife, a Chinggisid warrior princess named Konchek, fighting for him on the battlefield, they could not overcome the Il-Khan. Konchek was so notable for her courage, at least, that according to the Persian writer Mustawfi in his Zafarnama, the Mongols recognized Konchek's bravery on the battlefield by posthumously giving her a man's name, Ahmad. She was not the only one recognized for courage in the revolt.  The young khan himself showed great bravery in battle, riding into the thick of danger. For this he earned the sobriquet Baatar, “hero, brave, valiant.” Hence, you will often see his name as Abu Sa'd Bahadur Khan, by which he liked to style himself for the rest of his life.       Despite their victories Choban was very aware of how stressed Ilkhanid resources were. In addition to natural disasters destabilizing things, the vast fronts they needed to protect against Ozbeg, the Chagatais, the Neguderis and internal rebellions left no extra troops for the frontier with the Mamluks. Having taken part in Ghazan and Oljeitu's campaigns into Syria, Choban was under no illusion of the difficulty in operating there and dealing with the Mamluks in open battle. Not only that, in 1321 Choban's own son Temurtash, the governor of Anatolia since 1316, had revolted and declared himself an independent monarch. Not just a steppe khan, mind you, but as the Islamic messiah who heralded the end of days, the mahdi. He had been in touch with the Mamluks for some time, upon his revolt Temurtash requested they provide him with an army to defend his frontiers. The Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, for his part, did not provide one. It was a great embarrassment for Choban, who dragged his son kicking and screaming back to the Ilkhanate in 1324. Even when not physically fighting, the Mamluks' potential to support rebellion, especially among the constantly seditious Anatolian governors, meant they were an intrinsic threat to order within the khanate. To protect the khanate, Choban needed an end to the fighting with the Mamluks, and he knew it could not be won through an invasion.    Once Choban successfully convinced Abu Sa'id to the wisdom of the preposition, in 1321 a secret embassy reached Cairo to speak to Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad: it brought word of peace, an end to the 60 years of war the Mamluks and Ilkhans had fought. The 1321 embassy is the first recorded attempt, though feelers may have been secretly sent in either direction in the previous years. Al-Nasir Muhammad was immediately struck by the idea. Never had he been an effective military leader, and he still recalled with dread his defeat at Ghazan's hands two decades prior. It helped that the Ilkhanid message bore no demands of submission or tribute; only fine gifts, and words of friendship between two equal states. Though there were conditions, such as asking al-Nasir to stop sending assassins after Mamluk defectors in the Ilkhanate like Qara-Sunqor and to end raiding each other's borders, there was not even a hint of the ideology of Chinggisid world domination which had previously permeated all diplomacy between the two. Indeed, this has led some historians like Reuven Amitai to suggest Abu Sa'id abandoned the idea of Chinggisid global hegemony, though he maintained respect for his lineage and ancestry. We may suspect it was simply a recognition of the reality of the situation on the part of Abu Sa'id and Choban.   Thus by 1322, the Mamluk Sultanate and Ilkhanate were at peace. Embassies went back and forth at regular intervals for the rest of Abu Sa'id's life. Generally, they went well; the Mamluk ambassador to Abu Sa'id's court was a man named Aytamish, of Mongolian heritage who knew the language and genealogies, as well as being a man of fine Islamic piety. He was absolutely adored by Abu Sa'id. The Il-Khan soon made a surprising suggestion: a marriage alliance linking their houses and solidifying the new order. Now, this was not itself uncommon. It was a regular Mongol ploy to tighten control over  vassals with marriages, though a marriage alliance with a non-submitted state was a slightly different matter. Al-Nasir Muhammad himself had already married a princess from the Golden Horde, Tulunbey, in 1320 though it ended in divorce and was a rather embassasing matter all around, as the always paranoid al-Nasir had accused her of not actually being a Chinggisid. What al-Nasir wanted was to marry a Chinggisid princess of absolutely certain lineage in order to elevate his own dynasty. The Ilkhanid response did not fill him with much hope. They wanted a Mamluk princess to marry Abu Sa'id or one of Choban's sons, with the hint being that they preferred the latter. The implication, as far as al-Nasir believed, was clear. The Il-Khan and Choban, despite the peace, did not think al-Nasir as a Qipchaq Mamluk was worthy to marry a Chinggisid. Al-Nasir's reaction was, rather typical of himself, somewhat petulant. He made the bride price too high: demanding the city of Diyar Bakir, and for his own name to be read out in sermons in the Ilkhanate before Abu Sa'id's. He always managed to insist that none of his daughters were of marriageable age. This is despite these talks going on over the entire 1320s, when  al-Nasir married off a number of his daughters throughout the decade. No marriage would ever materialize between al-Nasir and the Ilkhanid dynasty.       Though fighting came to an end, there was another space in which Abu Sa'id could challenge al-Nasir Muhammad: the religious one. Both Choban and Abu Sa'id were staunch Sunni Muslims, and wanted to press their claims as the heads of a good Muslim empire. One of the best ways to do this was charitable works and patronizing pilgrimages to the two holy cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina.  The problem was the Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad considered himself the Guardian of the two Holy Cities, and as an always suspicious man, any effort the Il-Khan undertook in that region looked like an attempt to undermine him. His most direct challenge to al-Nasir came in 1319. That year he had sent a fine new set of kiswa, or black curtains, to be placed on the Kaaba, the square structure at the centre of Mecca which serves as the holiest place in Islam. Placing new curtains on the Kaaba was one of the symbols of sovereignty as the chief Muslim monarch, and was perhaps Abu Sa'id's most overt effort to challenge al-Nasir. For his part, al-Nasir ensured the pilgrim caravan he sponsored entered before Abu Sa'id's, and prevented the curtains the Il-Khan sent from ever being used. Though Abu Sa'id did not try to so directly challenge al-Nasir's hegemony there again, the Il-Khan and Choban continued to throw out suggestions and sponsor projects in the region. At one point Abu Sa'id proposed going on hajj, or pilgrimage, to Mecca himself. Choban meanwhile spent considerable sums to restore a much needed well outside Mecca for pilgrims, and also had a large public bath, school and tomb for himself built in Medina beside the mosque of the Prophet. Whenever news of their efforts came to al-Nasir, he would promptly panic and explode in anger. Personally going on hajj three times, he threw piles of money at the Holy Cities in an effort to remind everyone that he was the greater Muslim and their protector. After their peace in 1322, Abu Sa'id largely accepted al-Nasir's superiority in religion and stewardship over Mecca and Medina, though on occasion surprised the Mamluk Sultan. In 1330 Abu Sa'id sent an elephant, with no immediate explanation, on the pilgrimage. It succeeded in doing little but confusing the locals and costing an inordinate amount of money to feed before dying near Medina. The most effective show of the power of the Chinggisid monarch, it was not.    Another embarrassing matter soon surfaced. In a rather poor judgement of character, or perhaps on Choban's urging, Abu Sa'id pardoned and reinstated Choban's son Temurtash, who only in 1321 had declared himself an independent sovereign. The arrogance Temurtash had once he was secure back in Anatolia annoyed Abu Sa'id, as did the haughtiness of another of Choban's sons, Dimashq Khwaja. As viceroy over Azerbaijan, Iraq and Iraq-i ‘ajam, Dimashq wielded extraordinary power, as if he were vizier. Worse still, according to Ibn Battuta, Dimashq had taken it upon himself to sleep with as many wives of the late Oljeitu Il-Khan as possible. One of these women, Dunya Khatun, urged Abu Sa'id to act before she too fell victim to him. Choban had provided his sons and followers valuable positions across the Ilkhanate, and the children walked around as if they were as mighty as Chinggisids. Their father continued to ignore complaints raised against them, as long as they did not declare open defiance of the Khan as Temurtash had done. As Abu Sa'id grew to manhood, he grew more and more impatient of the influence of the Chobani, which he increasingly felt was at his expense. His anger at Dimashq and the other sons of Choban were fanned by his vizer, Rukn al-Din Sa'in. A former protege of Choban, now he plotted against him, and convinced Abu Sa'id that he now ruled as khan in name only.    The sentiment is echoed by Ibn Battuta, who wrote that “when the Sultan Abu Sa'id succeeded, being a young boy [...] the chief of the amirs, [Choban], gained control over him and deprived him of all powers of administration, so that nothing of sovereignty remained in his hands but the name.  It is related that on the occasion of one of the festivals Abu Sa'id needed ready money to meet some expenses, but having no means of procuring it he sent for one of the merchants, who gave him what money he wished.” Entering adulthood and fed on stories of his mighty ancestors, Abu Sa'id chafed under the constraints placed on him by Choban.    The tipping point came when Abu Sa'id set eyes on one of Choban's daughters, the beautiful Baghdad Khatun. A proud woman who held her eye and apparently liked to carry around a sword, Abu Sa'id was instantly in love. This itself was not a problem; Choban himself had married two of Abu Sa'id's sisters, the latest, Sati Beg, as recently as 1319. No, the problem was that Baghdad Khatun was already married to one of the most prominent noyans in the kingdom, Shaykh Hasan-i Buzurg of the Jalayir. Late in the summer of 1325, Abu Sa'id alerted Choban of his interests in his daughter. Choban was aghast; as a good Muslim, he would not allow his daughter to be led into adultery, even for the Il-Khan, and forbid the divorce. Attempting to discourage Abu Sa'id's efforts, Choban quickly tried to move Baghdad Khatun and her husband out of the Khan's sight. His plan was flummoxed when news came in 1326 of an attack by the Chagatai prince, the future Khan Tarmashirin, on the Ilkhanate's eastern territory. Choban and his eldest son Hasan rode out and successfully defeated Tarmashirin, but in their absence Abu Sa'id decided it was time to rid himself of the house of Choban once and for all.   Late in 1326, Abu Sa'id made his move. Choban's son Dimashq Khwaja was captured and imprisoned in the citadel at Sultaniyya, where he was killed while trying to escape in summer 1327. Choban was furious, and turned back to avenge his son's death. Abu Sa'id raised his own army and prepared to meet his former guardian. As their armies neared each other, Choban's followers began to desert to the Il-Khan, and Choban was forced to flee. Mirroring the fall of Ghazan's viceroy Nawruz some thirty years prior, Choban made his way to Herat, where in the winter of 1327 he was strangled to death. When Choban's son in Anatolia, Temurtash, learned of his father's death he once again declared his independence, and fled to the Mamluk Sultanate seeking military support. In 1328 he was killed when Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad suspected Temurtash of having designs on the Mamluk throne. Some of Choban's other sons under the leadership of the eldest, Hasan, fled to the Golden Horde, where in time Ozbeg Khan had them killed. By the time the dust settled, Abu Sa'id had forced the divorce of Shaykh Hasan Jalayir and Baghdad Khatun, and married her himself.  Abu Sa'id granted her the mercy of allowing Choban to be buried in his splendid tomb in Medina, though Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad had the final laugh over Choban. He denied Choban's burial inside his tomb, forcing him to be buried in a cemetery outside the city, and sent Temurtash's severed head to the Ilkhanid court.   By 1328 Abu Sa'id was finally the man in full control of the Ilkhanate. He once again brought up the marriage between his family and al-Nasir Muhammad. Despite his initial receptiveness, once again al-Nasir stalled and no progress was made. In practice, little government changed under Abu Sa'id's sole rule. Restrictions against Christian were reimposed: the jizya had been permanently reinstituted, and in 1334 the order went out that Christians were supposed to bear tattoos to mark them out, in addition to signs sewn into their clothing to make them easy to distinguish. How far these were implemented remains unclear, as Abu Sa'id did not seem to interfere with the archbishopric at Sultaniyya founded in his reign. Abu Sa'id remained infatuated with Baghdad Khatun, whose influence over the Il-Khan grew. In this manner she was able to protect the remainder of her siblings and family, aided by the fact that Abu Sa'id showed a willingness to forgive. Baghdad Khatun's former husband, Shaykh Hasan Jalayir, was accused of attempting to assassinate Abu Sa'id and imprisoned, before being pardoned and given a new position in Anatolia in 1333. Even the memory of Rashid al-Din, once accused of poisoning Abu Sa'id's father Oljeitu, was rehabilitated, as Abu Sa'id made Rashid's son Ghiyath al-Din his new vizier.  Able to devote himself to artistic pursuits, Abu Sa'id in his spare time composed poetry in Arabic and Persian to al-Nasir Muhammad in Cairo, comparing and discussing Abu Sa'id's ability.    So the early 1330s passed by relatively quietly in the Ilkhanate. Indeed, the reign of Abu Sa'id would be remembered as a Golden Age, the “Good ol' days,” for writers of the succeeding generation.  Ibn Battuta passed through the Ilkhanate for the first time in these years, and was amazed at the power and glory of the Il-Khan. Abu Sa'id's only problem facing him was his lack of a male heir. The efforts of Ghazan had greatly pruned the house of Hulegu, and Abu Sa'id had no son or brother to succeed him, though not for lack of trying on his part. When Baghdad Khatun failed to produce an heir for him, it seems Abu Sa'id's interest began to wane. In accounts such as Ibn Battuta's, Abu Sa'id doted upon Baghdad Khatun until he saw Dilshad Khatun. She was Baghdad Khatun's niece, the daughter of her late brother Dimashq who Abu Sa'id had so hated. He apparently found her even more beautiful than he had his current wife. Once the Il-Khan married the girl, he seemingly forgot about Baghdad Khatun. Ignored, her influence dwindling, Baghdad Khatun's fury smoldered over the following months.    In the summer of 1335, word came to Abu Sa'id that Ozbeg Khan of the Golden Horde was planning another invasion on the Caucasus. Abu Sa'id called up his armies and advanced to defend his borders, but on the 30th of November, 1335, Abu Sa'id died en route in Azerbaijan, only thirty years old. According to Ibn Battuta, Abu Sa'id had been poisoned by the scorned Baghdad Khatun. With no child except for a pregnant Dilshad Khatun left behind, the Ilkhanate awas about to rip itself apart. Our next episodes deal with the disintegration of the Ilkhanate so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast to follow. If you enjoyed this and would like to help us continue producing great content, please consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals, or sharing this with your friends. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one. 

THE GIRLS TALK ABOUT HONEYBOOBOO'S COMEBACK, MLK FORTNITE, AND THE PERILS OF SEEING A PSYCH

Daequan and Hamlinz formerly of TSM now with NRG have announced that they are back and streamed today for the first time in over a year. They explained the long layoff and their situations and why they chose the platform they chose to return to. It is dope to see 2 people who left for so long getting so much love after a year off Twitch. We discuss what we want out of this Podcast and this journey that we are on and how we want to make an impact Aba and Preach are in an internet beef with Fresh and Fit to the point where they called out Aba's wife in a disrespectful manner and asked to box. Aba agreed and they gave a fake response. A goon ran down on Myron and nem from Fresh & Fit. The beef started when Aba and Preach argued the point that Fresh and Fit were hypocrites on paying for favors. Instead of arguing their point Fresh and Fit started talking about clout and how they look. Is clout really worth it over respect? Is it better to fake it to make it or is it an honor in remaining true to what you believe in? Hasan Piker who is a self-proclaimed socialist and eat the rich persona on Twitch has bought a 2.7 million dollar mansion. People are upset that a left-wing socialist is buying such an expensive mansion instead of donating it to the poor. Hasan who is a very successful Twitch streamer is being ridiculed by some and saved by others. Famous Twitch streamer XQC has come to Hasan's aid. He states that nothing is enough because people will complain to just complain. We dive into the Hasan Piker situation and discuss the ramifications of always being 100 just like the previous topic but the idea that it will never be enough for the internet which is vicious and full of envy and jealousy. Ron Jeremy is going to jail we discuss Sonya Curry went white wtf Dell doing? (Steven Johnson -- a 6th-round pick in the 1988 NFL Draft) really??? Stephen Curry Steven lmao Sonya wild Rachel Nichols is getting taken off NBA broadcast from ESPN as well as her show NBA Jump is going off the air. ESPN has already lost Maria Taylor whom Rachel Nichols had controversial comments about Maria being a charity case She stated that because ESPN has a problem with diversity it shouldn't be her problem. (People were upset that Rachel Nichols dismissed Maria Taylor and spoke like many have to black women) Podcast, Books, Merch, and more in the Link Below: https://twitter.com/99_Zelmae https://www.instagram.com/99_zelmae/ https://linktr.ee/Zelmae https://distrokid.com/hyperfollow/kidcreatedplaya/way-back-when https://distrokid.com/hyperfollow/kidcreatedplaya/dae-wunz Host: https://twitter.com/uniqo_williams https://www.facebook.com/UniqoWilliams/ https://www.instagram.com/uniqowilliams/ https://www.twitter.com/Kidcreatedplaya https://www.instagram.com/KidCreatedPlaya Overall99 Media is Black-owned and one of the few African American-owned Media companies! We would like to thank you for listening to our Podcast. Check us out on Spotify, Apple Music, Anchor, or anywhere where you listen to podcasts. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/99media/support

Tarih yürüyüşümüzü nereden başlatalım? 1919'dan başlatsak yeni yetme bir cumhuriyetin ferdi olmakla yetinmek zorunda kalacağız. Oysa tarih yürüyüşümüz ne 100 yıla ne 1000 yıla sığar. Çünkü bu millet tarih yapıcı bir millet olarak her devirde var oldu, olmaya devam edecek. Nedense tarih yürüyüşünü 100 yıl önce başlatmak isteyenler var... Sanki binlerce yıllık Türk tarihi... 1000 yıllık Anadolu tarihi... 1200 yıllık Müslüman Türk tarihi yokmuş gibi. Kendilerini köksüz, tarihsiz, görebilirler. Lakin gerçek bu değil! Gerçek şu: 30 Ağustos 1922'deki büyük zaferin ilk emri 26 Ağustos 1922'de verildi. Çünkü o emri o gün veren Gazi Mustafa Kemal, ceddinin izinden yürüdüğünün farkındaydı. Alparslan'ın mirasçısı olduğunun farkındaydı. 951 yıl önce 26 Ağustos 1071 günü Anadolu kapısını bize ardına kadar açan Sultan Alparslan'ın Malazgirt ovasında ordusuna verdiği emir ile 951 yıl sonra Anadolu'yu haçlı işgalinden kurtarmak için Mustafa Kemal'in verdiği emir aynıdır. 26 Ağustos 1071 de... 30 Ağustos 1922 de...Bir milletin tarih yürüyüşünde birbirinden ayrılmayacak mihenk taşlarındandır. İkisi de büyük bir zaferdir. İkisi de bizimdir. Ağustos ayı sabır, savaş, zafer ayıdır. Ağustos ayı bizim için zafer ayıdır Sıcaktır. Çetindir. Güçtür. Lakin Ağustos ayı bizim için zafer ayıdır. Büyük Taarruz'dan, Malazgirt'e, Kıbrıs'ın fethinden Mohaç'a, Belgrad'ın fethine, Çaldıran'a, Mercidabık'a kadar Türk tarihi Ağustos ayında zaferlerle doludur. 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi'nin yıl dönümü olan 26 Ağustos 1922'de Mustafa Kemal'in Büyük Taarruz'u başlatması gibi... 24 Ağustos 2016'da Mercidabık Zaferi'nin yıl dönümünde Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri DEAŞ belasını bertaraf etmek için Fırat Kalkanı Harekatı'nı başlatmıştır. Kıbrıs'ın fethi de Ağustos'ta, Kıbrıs Barış Harekatı da Ağustos'tadır.

This episode is sponsored by Current. https://www.current.com/veryreally And big shoutout to Sleeper sponsoring this episode! https://go.slpr.link/VRG This week, we talk about my card selling for hundreds on eBay, getting stopped to take a breathalyzer, OnlyFans, Hasan's house backlash, business boy TikTok; and I give some advice! Follow Me: https://instagram.com/kurtisconner/  https://twitter.com/kurtisconner  https://youtube.com/user/kurtisconner  #veryreallygood

Ngobrolin tentang hobi bercocok tanam hingga visi permaculture Bumi Ananta, mari berbincang-bincang dengan Adjie (@adjie_hasan)!

Hasan Piker dropped a cool 2.8 million on a house in LA. But like why is that bad bro? Like socialist gotta live in houses too bro? Um like what do you want Hasan to die? To be homeless? Omg man Carl Marx never said you can't has home. UNOFFICIAL FAN RUN REDDIT! https://www.reddit.com/r/SitchandAdam... Our Graphic Novel campaign is LIVE!!!! Want an amazing comic about me and Adam in a world of supervillains? Check it out: http://adamfriended.com/supervillains Want to use Streamlabs instead of a Superchat? https://streamlabs.com/sitchandfriend... Support us on Subscribestar: https://www.subscribestar.com/sitch-a... Clip Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/SitchAdamClips Podcast format: https://anchor.fm/psa-sitch-adam-frie... A cool T-Shirt of us: https://sitchandfriended.threadless.com/ Watch our other livestreams: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... Be a Neo, not a Cypher. Friended's Think Club Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCAH... Sitch's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyGE...

“Afganistan'da Taliban hükümet kurabilecek mi? Ya da İngiliz bakanın, “Afganlarla ilgili” bir gazeteye yazdığı makalede “Türkiye” ifadesi geçmediği halde uydurulan yalanla gündem oluşturulması ne anlama geliyor” diye başlayan bir dizi soru ile “büyük mevzuları” sizinle tartışabilirdim. Ama bugün sıradan vatandaşları ilgilendiren, sıradan bir mevzuyu tartışmak istiyorum. Konumuz, çakarlar, çakma çakarlar, geçiş üstünlüğü olan araç kullanıcılarının fütursuzluğu.

SABRIN ÇEŞİTLERİ VE ÖNEMİ Sabır zamanın getirdiği musibetlerden can sıkıcı bir musibete karşı olursa bu, kalb genişliği diye isimlendirilir. Ki gönül darlığı, pişmanlık ve sıkıntı bunun karşıtıdır. Eğer sabır bir sözü gizleme hususunda olursa, bu kitmânu nefs diye adlandırılır; bu kimseye de ketûm denilir. Eğer sabır, malın azlığına karşılık oluyorsa, kanaat diye isimlendirilir ki bunun zıddı açgözlülüktür. Allâhü Te‘âlâ bütün bu kısımları bir araya getirerek hepsine birden sabır adını vermiş ve şöyle buyurmuştur: “… darlıkta, hastalıkta ve savaş zamanında sabrederler. İşte doğru olanlar bunlardır ve müttakilerin ta kendileri bunlardır.” (Bakara s. 177) Kaffâl (r.âleyh), “Sabır, insanın kötülüğün elemini hissetmemesi ve bunu çirkin görmemesi şeklinde değildir. Çünkü bu, imkânsızdır. Sabır, ancak nefsi, feryâd-ü figânı ortaya koymamaya hamletmektir. Kişi hüznünü içine atıp, kendisini, onun emârelerini dışarı vurmaktan alıkoyunca, her ne kadar o kimsenin gözünde yaş belirip rengi değişse de, bu kimse sabretmiş olur. Nitekim Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.): “Sabır, ilk çarpma esnasındadır.” (Buhârî) buyurmuştur.” Bu böyledir, çünkü başlangıçta kişiden, kendisi sebebiyle sabredenlerden sayılamayacağı bir hal zuhur edip, sonra da sabrederse, bu teselli olmak diye isimlendirilir ki bu da mutlaka yapılması gereken bir husustur. Çünkü Hasan el-Basrî (r.a.), “İnsanlara, devamlı feryâdü figan etmekle mükellef kılınmış olsalardı, buna güç yetiremezlerdi.” demiştir. Allâh (c.c.) en iyi bilendir. (Fahruddîn Er-Râzî, Tefsîr-i Kebîr Mefâtîhu'l-Ğayb, c.4, s.87-88) PRATİK FIKHÎ BİLGİLER SUAL: Abdest aldıktan sonra giyilen meste ayrıca mesh etmek gerekir mi? CEVAP: Hanefi mezhebine göre; mestler, ayaklar yıkandıktan sonra abdestli iken giyildiğinde, tekrar abdest alınıncaya kadar üzerilerine mesh etmek gerekmez. Ancak abdesti bozulan kişi, yeni bir abdest alacağı zaman mest üzerine mesh yapar. (Mevsılî, el-İhtiyâr, c.1, s.90-91)

I don't have the words to express the sheer brilliance of this poem. Drop me a msg if you feel like discussing it. Also, if you'd like to support my work, go to - www.buymeacoffee.com/urdudaan

S03-E15 وادی سندھ کا سوشلسٹ صوفی نوید فکر - سبط حسن Naveed e Fikr Sibte Hasan part4 Wadi Sindh ka Socialist Sufi Urdu/Hindi Audiobook You can listen to many other full audiobooks via our Youtube Channel: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3GEqwP6dqmj0NW83479uKbP5q0erS0Uz Abaseen Podcast.

In this episode, Biden's tough words on Afghanistan fall on deaf ears of Americans and those he left behind. Was erroneous information being fed to the administration?

Sahabat Mutiara, Penerima Penghargaan Petani Berprestasi Nasional Tahun 2019 dari Kementerian Pertanian, Bapak Hasan Prasojo, hadir di Temu Tani Online Episode kali ini yang bertemakan budidaya melon premium. Bersama Squad Mutiara kami, Bapak Alan Wahyudi juga membahas bagaimana perkembangan kampung melon di Probolinggo.

Sahabat Mutiara, Penerima Penghargaan Petani Berprestasi Nasional Tahun 2019 dari Kementerian Pertanian, Bapak Hasan Prasojo, hadir di Temu Tani Online Episode kali ini yang bertemakan budidaya melon premium. Bersama Squad Mutiara kami, Bapak Alan Wahyudi juga membahas bagaimana perkembangan kampung melon di Probolinggo.

Proklamasi dibacakan tepat pada tanggal 17 Agustus, 76 tahun yang lalu. Tentu tidak ada lomba panjat pinang atau tarik tambang seperti biasanya. Yang ada adalah rakyat yang berkumpul dengan jantung berdebar; menonton duo proklamator dan rekan lainnya mendeklarasikan kemerdekaan kita. Namun ada 1 tokoh penting yang tidak hadir saat itu, tokoh yang bukan hanya ingin merdeka, namun memperjuangkannya sampai akhir hayat. Pernah dipanggil Elias, Hasan, Ossorio, Ilyas Hussein dan lain-lain karena hidupnya yang selalu ‘buron' karena ‘kejeniusannya'. Tokoh ini dipanggil Tan Malaka dengan nama asli Sutan Ibrahim. Seorang provokator proklamator dengan tekad kuat. Tanpa Tan Malaka, pemaknaan proklamasi pada hari ini, juga saat itu tidak akan pernah sama. Mari menjelajah ke jalan hidup seorang Tan Malaka bareng Terlintas!

Nazar is an actor and a teacher of voice and diction. We spoke about the difference between a performer and an actor, about what it is to lose one's self in a character, about the impossibly strenuous and remarkably simple occupation of acting, and about the primacy of proper language.

Taliban yeniden Kabil'de. Uluslararası ajanslara bakarsanız, Taliban yüzünden Kabil başta olmak üzere Afganistan'da büyük bir kaotik ortam var. Türk matbuatını da dün neredeyse baştan sona takip ettim, birkaç istisna dışında onlar da Amerika'nın çekilmesine ve Taliban'ın yeniden yönetimi ele geçirmesine Batılı gözlüğüyle bakıyorlar. Ama durum çok da öyle değil. Dedim ya birkaç istisna var. Bu istisnaların başında elbette gazetemiz Yeni Şafak geliyor. TORA BORA'DA BİN LADİN'İ BULMAK İÇİN İŞGAL ETTİKLERİ AFGANİSTAN'DA REZİL OLUP GİTTİLER Afganistan dediğimizde, 1979'dan bu yana işgale uğramış bir ülkeden söz ettiğimizi bilmemiz gerekiyor. En son 2001 yılında Tora Bora'da Usame Bin Ladin'i bulmak için yola çıkan Amerikan askerinin işgal ettiği ve bu işgal ile zaten kırılgan olan devlet otoritesinin de yerle bir olduğunu hatırlayalım. Bakmayın siz “ulus inşa ettik” diyen Amerikalılara ve onların işbirlikçilerine. Kabil ve merkez şehirlerde “yeni bir zümre” oluşturmak için trilyon dolar harcadılar. Afganistan ordusunu donatıp eğittiler. Ama hepsinin fiyasko olduğu ortaya çıktı. Çünkü doğal bir süreç değildi Afganistan gerçeğinden çok uzak bir “proje”yi dayattıkları. TALİBAN İLE DİĞER GÜÇLER ANLAŞIRSA KAZANAN AFGAN HALKI OLUR 2016'dan bu yana önce gizli gizli sonra açıktan görüştükleri Taliban'a Afganistan'ı bırakıp çekip gittiğinde Amerika, onun beslediği kim varsa bir kurşun bile atmadan teslim oldu. Aslında iyi de oldu..!

SHERI HORN HASAN discusses ongoing adjustments between the Leo New Moon August 8 & the Aquarius Full Moon August 22--& how a flurry of quincunxes demands we deal with a “change in plot” as we move forward now! Our need to plant seeds that replace external “hero worship” with the acknowledgement of own special, creative, individual, solar gifts & talents was emphasized by the Leo New Moon's square to Uranus and the fall from grace of some of our former "heroes." This necessitates acknowledging that we are all heroes in our own right & this week's many quincunxes help us adjust to this mindset! Plus, more Astro News You Can Use, including Mercury's move into Virgo August 11, Venus into Libra August 15/16, Mercury conjunct Mars August 18, & Uranus's station retrograde August 19!

Bu köşeyi takip edenler, düzensiz göç ve geçici koruma altındaki sığınmacı Suriyelilerle ilgili 2019'un ocak ayından bu yana sayısız yazı yazdığımızı bilir. O yazıların sonunda hep önerilerde de bulunmaya çalıştık. Göç Bakanlığı'nı belki de ilk biz dile getirdik. İskan politikasının hiç olmazsa Osmanlı pratiği ile birlikte düşünülmesi gerektiğini de...

Our penta-managed Main Event draft on KFFSC with our Rotoviz brothers, Hasan Rahim & Blair Andrews, goes off the rails as the crew argues about virtually every pick. Underdog's Josh Norris makes a special appearance.    ► Hasan ➝ https://twitter.com/hrr5010  ► Blair ➝ https://twitter.com/AmItheRealBlair ► Hop in a KFFSC Main Event ➝ https://leagues.kffsc.com/MainEvent.aspx  ► Ship Chasing Draft schedule ➝ https://twitter.com/ShipChasing/status/1424790214447411205    Ship Chasing Twitter ➝ https://twitter.com/ShipChasing  Ship Chasers VIP program ➝ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxYSi5ohjZRGG4EbZuMqU-w/join  Discord ➝ https://discord.gg/yTrg7dQCbW  Ship Chasing merch ➝ http://bit.ly/ShipChasingMerch Youtube • iTunes • Spotify • RSS  • Pete's Twitter • Pat's Twitter • Ben's Twitter

Welcome to the Idries Shah Foundation podcast, practical psychology for today. This weekly podcast features selections from Idries Shah books, as well as original recordings. It has been made available by The Idries Shah Foundation, and is voiced by David Ault. This episode features a selection of Learning How to Learn, by Idries Shah. 100 Conversations with Idries Shah  Condensed from over three million words, these conversations involve housewives and cabinet ministers, professors and assembly-line workers, on the subject of how traditional psychology can illuminate current human, social and spiritual problems. More than a hundred tales and extracts from Sufi lore, ranging from the eighth-century Hasan of Basra, to the modern Afghan poet Khalilullah Khalili, are woven into Shah's narratives of how and why the Sufis learn, what they learn, and how spiritual understanding develops and deteriorates in all societies.

Be part of our community by joining our Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/thoughtbehindthings In conversation with Muzamil Hasan, this episode discusses, how has he evolved as a person through 127 episodes of TBT? Did he ever feel like TBT might not work? How does he sound so smart? How has his life changed after his baby? How does he see fatherhood? What is his vision for Pakistan Now? Who is his favorite employee? #thoughtbehindthings #usramurtaza #muzamilhasan Connect with us: • https://www.instagram.com/thoughtbehindthings • https://www.instagram.com/muzamilhasan • https://www.instagram.com/usramurtaza/ --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/syed-muzamil-hasan-zaidi3/support

Listen to the latest episode of Autopsy of Ghost Investigation where we had ghost investigator Taki Hasan from Boston, USA and ghost storyteller Palash Basu Roy from Kolkata, India. Don't Worry. The World is Not Gonna End Soon. so, We Say!

In this episode of Be EPIC, Matt is joined by Ben Hasan, senior vice president and chief culture diversity, equity and inclusion officer at Walmart, to discuss his journey to becoming the Chief Culture DEI Officer and how his personal experiences with DEI have influenced his career. Ben and Matt discuss what representation means in the U.S and globally and how policy can change from country to country.

    The Mongols were known for unleashing a series of unrelenting horrors upon the Islamic world, from the catastrophic destruction of the Khwarezmian Empire under Chinggis Khan, to the sack of Baghdad under his grandson Hulegu, where the Caliph himself was killed on Mongol order. No shortage of Islamic authors over the thirteenth century remarked upon the Mongols as a deathblow to Islam, a punishment sent by God for their sins. Yet, many of the Mongols of the west end of the empire even before the end of the thirteenth century converted to Islam, and in time some of the heirs of Chinggis Khan held the sharia over the yassa. In today's episode, we explore why so many Mongols chose to convert to Islam. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.       The Mongolian interaction with Islam began in the twelfth century, as Muslim merchants came to Mongolia with expensive goods such as textiles or metal weapons and tools to exchange for furs and animals to sell in China or Central Asia. Some of these merchants took up valued roles among the up and coming Mongol chiefs; at least two Muslims, Hasan the Sartaq and Ja'far Khoja, were among the warlord Temujin's close allies during his fabled escape to lake Baljuna, where they swore long lasting loyalty to him. Hasan's arrival brought much need flocks of sheep to help feed Temujin's starving men, while Ja'far Khoja was supposedly a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. Ja'far served Temujin in valued roles for the rest of his life, acting as an embassy to the Jin Emperor and as daruqachi, or overseer, over the Jin capital of Zhongdu and its environs once the Mongols took it in 1215. When Temujin took the title of Chinggis Khan and began to expand the Mongol Empire, initially Muslims found little reason to lament the expansion of the Great Khan. Muslim merchants continued to serve in prominent roles, acting as emissaries and spies on behalf of Chinggis Khan, who rewarded them handsomely: gladly did Chinggis give them gifts and overpay for their wares in order to encourage them to make the difficult journey to Mongolia, as well as bring him useful information of Central Asia. One such Central Asian, Mahmud, served as Chinggis' loyal envoy to the Khwarezm-Shah Muhammad. His actions earned him the title of Yalavach, becoming Mahmud the Messenger.   In the Tarim Basin in 1218, the local Muslim population had suffered oppression under the Naiman prince Kuchlug, who had usurped power in the Qara-Khitai Empire. When Chinggis Khan's great general Jebe Noyan entered the region pursuing Kuchlug, he proclaimed that all those who willingly submitted would be free to worship as they chose. The region largely seems to have swiftly thrown out Kuchlug's garrisons and officers and happily accepted Mongol rule, not as conquerors but liberators.       This, of course, was not the case for the next stage of Mongol expansion. The highly destructive campaign against the Kwarezmian Empire launched in 1219 resulted in the deaths of perhaps millions of people from what is now Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan through eastern Iran and Afghanistan, a predominatly Muslim region. There are no shortage of accounts of horrendous atrocities suffered throughout the former domains of the Khwarezm-shahs. Though most of what is now modern Iran submitted peacefully to the Mongol commander Chormaqun over the 1230s, with the arrival of Hulegu in the 1250s a new wave of massacres were unleashed, culminating in the infamous sack of Baghdad in 1258 and death of the ‘Abbasid Caliph, an immense blow the psyche of the ummah. At the end of the 1250s it seemed reasonable to anticipate that soon the whole of the remaining Muslim world would become the subject of the Grand Khan.       The initial period after the Mongol conquest was, for many Muslims, not easier. Statements by modern writers of Mongol religious toleration have been greatly over-exaggerated. While it is true that the Mongols in the early years of the Empire generally did not persecute on the basis of religion, the Mongols did persecute on the basis on specific beliefs that they felt ran contrary to steppe custom or the laws of Chinggis Khan, the great yassa. For example, for slaughtering animals the Mongols forbid the spilling of blood. This differed greatly from Muslim and Jewish halal and kosher slaughter, that mandated the draining of it. This in particular became a frequent source of conflict over the thirteenth century, with the Mongols feeling the spilling of blood on the earth would bring misfortune. We are told from the Persian writer Juvaini, a member of Hulegu's entourage in the 1250s, that Chinggis Khan' second son Chagatai so thoroughly enforced this prohibition that “for a time no man slaughtered sheep openly in Khorasan, and Muslims were forced to eat carrion.” Essentially, the Mongol viewpoint was that as long as a given religion adherents remained loyal and did not perform the tenets the Mongols forbid, then the worshippers could practice freely. But such freedoms could be revoked: Khubilai Khan in the 1280s, upon feeling insulted when a group of Muslims at his court refused to eat meat he offered them, banned halal slaughter and circumcision, on pain of property loss and death, for almost the entire decade. A Khwarezmian refugee to the Delhi Sultanate writing around 1260, Juzjani, wrote of his sincere belief that Chagatai and other members of the Mongol leadership intended a genocide of the Muslims.   Why then, did Islam succeed in converting the Mongols of western Asia, after such a low-point? It was a matter of proximity. The majority of the population in the major centres in the Golden Horde, Ilkhanate and Chagatai Khanate were Muslims, ensuring that not only could sufis and others proselytize to the Mongol leadership, but also their military. Efforts by Buddhists or various Christian representatives, be they Catholic, Syriac or Nestorian, lacked comparable resources or presence, and their efforts were generally restricted to attempting to convert the highest ranking Mongols. While this brought them some influence, in contrast to the image in most historical narrative sources monarchs tended to convert once enough of their followers had done so for it to be a sound decision for their legitimacy. More Mongols simply had closer proximity to Muslims populations than they ever did Christian or Buddhist, leading to a more thorough conversion than any Franciscan friar could ever accomplish. Similar proximity prompted the slow sinicization of the Mongols in Yuan China.       While the Mongols disliked certain tenets of Islam, they still found use of it. Islamic craftsmen, administrators and healers were quickly spread across the Mongol Empire, accompanying every Khan and Noyan everywhere from campaigns to their personal camps. In short order they commanded armies, often of their own locally raised forces, to fight for the khans. The various Islamic peoples of Central Asia, be they Turkic or Iranic, could provide a plethora of skills and manpower the Mongols found useful or themselves lacked. Various Mongol armies, particularly the tamma garrison forces, were stationed in close proximity to Islamic centres for extended periods of time. Mongol princes from the highest ranks of the empire, including Chinggis Khan and his own sons, took Muslim wives and concubines. For the lower ranking soldiers forced to leave their families behind in Mongolia, they took Muslim wives and began new Muslim families which replaced their own.        By the reign of Chinggis Khan's son and successor Ogedai, Muslims made up many of the highest ranking members of the bureaucracy and administration from eastern Iran to Northern China. Some of these men, such as Mahmud Yalavach, his son Mas'ud Beg, and ‘Abd al-Rahman, served as heads of the Branch Secretariats the Mongols established to govern Asia. These men were answerable only to the Great Khan, and held immensely powerful positions.       The proximity of high ranking Muslims throughout the Mongol government and army in significant numbers made them an influential force. The presence of well educated Islamic jurists in the courts of the Khans is very well attested, and a merchant who showed great fiscal ability could find himself richly rewarded in lucrative ortogh arrangements with Mongol princes, where a  Mongol prince would provide silver and other currencies, taken via conquest, tribute and taxation, to a merchant as a loan, who would then use it for trade, make money and pay back the prince. Sometimes a well connected merchant could even be rewarded with prominent government position once they won the favour of a prince or khan. The Mongol search for whatever skills they saw as useful particularly rewarded Muslims with aptitude in alchemy and astrology. The Khans of the Ilkhanate spent considerable sums of money on the alchemists who claimed to be able to produce gold or prolong life, much to the chagrin of the Ilkhanid vizier and historian Rashid al-Din. Astrologists who could help determine the future or courses of action also received great reward, for the Mongols put great stock in this, as it was a position similar to the occupation of their own shamans.       With the mention of the shamans, we should give a brief account of the Mongols pre-Islamic religion, and in what ways it helped pave the way for their conversions. Though often dubbed “shamanism,” this is a poor description. Shamans occupied only a part of the Mongol folk religion, which was a series of practices relating to the appeasement and interpretation of spirits which inhabited every part of the natural world. It was the fear of offending these spirits which was behind the Mongols' own methods of slaughter, refusing to spill blood on the earth, place dirty things into running water or urinate or place knives into fire and ashes. It was the job of shamans to communicate, appease or harness these spirits, and ensure no misfortune befell the family or, after 1206, the Empire. The duties of shamans strictly fell to influencing events within the current life, rather than with a next level of existence. Thus, for the Mongols it was useful to accumulate other holymen who could interact with the supernatural on their behalf beyond what their own shamans did. It also demonstrates why, once they did convert, the Mongols saw it fit to continue to commune with shamans, and makes it so difficult for many to accept the conversion of the Mongols as sincere.       In fact, as historians like Devin DeWeese or Peter Jackson have thoroughly argued, we are in no place to gauge the authenticity of any Mongol's conversion. Our vantage point centuries later, and nature of our sources, leaves us unable to actually determine the conviction of each convert, and makes it inappropriate to reduce the story of a given khan's conversion to simply a matter of political convenience. The Mongols actively selected aspects of sedentary societies which benefitted themselves, and therefore could choose to profess Islam while continuing observe shamanic practices and standard cultural actions, all the while seeing no juxtaposition between this.        The earliest conversions of the Mongols or their servants began in the 1230s and 40s. One of the earliest, most prominent figures to convert was not even a Mongol, but a Uyghur named Korguz, Ogedai's appointment to the new Branch Secretariat of Western Asia, covering Iran and the Caucasus, towards the end of his life. Korguz was one of the most powerful civilian officials in the empire, and his conversion to Islam from Buddhism at the start of the 1240s marked the highest profile convert yet in the Mongol government, though he was killed in 1244 on the order of Ogedai's widow, the regent Torogene. Batu, shortly before the climactic battle against the Hungarians at Mohi in 1241, certainly had a number of Muslims in his army. According to Juvaini, while preparing for the confrontation Batu ascended a hill to pray to Eternal Blue Heaven, and asked the Muslims in his army to pray for victory as well. It is unclear if they were Muslim troops raised from Central Asia and the steppe, or Mongol converts to Islam in his army.        The exact mechanics of conversion are unknown. Though the historical sources like to portray the people following a prominent prince or khan's conversion, it seems generally that it was the other way around, where the lower ranks converted in enough numbers to make it useful or safe for a prince to convert. For example, one of the primary army units in Mongol expansion and consolidation were the tamma,  a sort of garrison force permanently stationed in a region, made up of a mixed body of nomadic and sedentary troops. The Mongols in these troops were usually forbidden to have their wives and families accompany them. Separated from their homeland, families or local shamans, and taking new, local wives who were generally Muslims, these Mongols were largely removed from the infrastructure that would have encouraged the maintenance of their traditional religion and made them more susceptible to conversion. If not themselves, then their children. Perhaps the best example comes from the tamma commander Baiju, stationed in the Caucasus and Anatolia from the early 1240s until the start of the 1260s. Over the twenty or so years of his career, he appears in a variety of historical accounts, which demonstrate not only the presence of a great number of Muslims in his camp, as advisers, administrators and sufis, but also demonstrate the gradual conversion of his men. By the end of his life, according to sources like the Mamluk encyclopedist al-Nuwayri, Baiju himself became a Muslim and asked to be washed and buried in the Muslim fashion on his death.     Perhaps the most famous convert though, was Berke. A son of Jochi and grandson of Chinggis Khan, Berke is most well known for his war against his cousin Hulegu over the Caucasus. Conflicting accounts are given for his conversion, with some having him raised a Muslim, while others suggest a conversion in the 1240s, drawn to Islam through the efforts of the sufi Shaykh Sayf al-Din Bakharzi. Certainly by the 1250s Berke was a Muslim, and quite a sincere one: the Franciscan Friar William of Rubruck remarks during his trips through the Jochid territories in 1253 that Berke was a Muslim, and forbid the consumption of pork in his camp. Juvaini reported that meat at Mongke Khaan's enthronement feast in 1251 was slaughtered in halal fashion out of deference to Berke, and Juzjani in distant Delhi had learned of Berke's Islam by 1260. Mamluk accounts present him having a Muslim vizier and showing great respect for qadis and other Muslim holymen. Yet, the Mamluk embassy also remarked that Berke still continued to dress and wear his hair in the distinctive Mongolian style, rather than don Islamic clothing. While Berke's war with Hulegu is often portrayed as his anger over the death of the Caliph, it seems this was a secondary concern to him. His own letter to Sultan Baybars remarks on his anger over Hulegu's infringement of the yassa of Chinggis Khan, by failing to send Berke loot from Baghdad and Iraq or consult with him. The fact that war began three years after Baghdad's fall, and that Hulegu occupied Jochid territory in northern Iran and the Caucasus after Mongke's death, suggests that Berke's immediate concerns were more strategic than spiritual. Islam for the early converts like Berke was not a change of identity, but an acceptance alongside their existing beliefs and incorporated into a Chinggisid world view. Almost certainly Berke, like his Islamic successors, continued to consult with shamans and the yassa, yet never felt disloyal to the sharia.       While Berke's conversion was accompanied by some of his brothers and commanders, it did not precipitate the Islamization of the emerging Golden Horde. Following Berke's death around 1266, it took some 14 years for another Islamic Khan to sit on the throne of the Jochids. At the start of the 1280s, both the westernmost khanates of the Mongol Empire saw the enthronement of Muslim rulers: Töde-Möngke taking the throne in the Golden Horde between 1280 and 1282,, and from 1282 to 1284 Tegüder Ahmad in the Ilkhanate. Once more, the sources hint that shaykhs and sufis were behind the conversion of both men, and continued to be held in great esteem in both courts. For the Ilkhan Tegüder, who upon his enthronement went by the name of Sultan Ahmad, we have a variety of sources which describe his commitment to Islam, which vary widely and demonstrate why it remains difficult for many to accept the authenticity of the early conversions.      In a letter Tegüder sent to the Mamluk Sultan Qalawun, Tegüder spoke of establishing sharia law in the Ilkhanate, protected pilgrimage routes and built new religious buildings, similar claims to what Töde-Möngke made in his first letter to the Mamluks around similar time. Tegüder argued that based on the fact of their now shared religion it was easier for the Mamluk Sultans to submit to him. Cilician Armenian writers like Het'um of Corycus and Step'annos Orbelian generally portray Tegüder as a prosecutor of Christians. Yet at the same time the Syriac churchman Bar Hebraeus wote of Tegüder as a friend to Christians, an upholder of religious toleration who exempted them from taxation and allowed Hebraeus to build a new church, while the Mamluks were largely skeptical of his conversion.   Ghazan, the great reformer of the Ilkhanate, sought to portray himself as a powerful Muslim monarch and an heir to the defunct ‘Abbasid Caliphate, but also as the first true Muslim Ilkhanate. For this reason, his two predeceassers who were attached to Islam, Tegüder and Baidu, were both denigrated in official accounts from his reign. Ghazan was raised a Buddhist, and only came to Islam a few weeks before his enthronement, urged to convert by his commander Nawruz Noyan and the Shaykh Sadr al-Din al-Hamuwayi during his rebellion against Ilkhan Baidu. While his biographer Rashid al-Din desperately sought to portray Ghazan's conversion causing his commanders and soldiers to follow suit, it seems almost certain that it was in fact the opposite, and that by converting Ghazan hoped to gain the wavering support of Baidu's Muslim followers. Ghazan did so successfully, and overthrew Baidu only a few months after he had himself seized the throne. Upon becoming IlKhan, on the instigation of his zealous general Nawruz, Ghazan order the destruction of Christian, Jewish, Buddhist and Zoroastrian centres in Muslim cities in his empire and imposed the jizya. However, these harsh measures were quickly rescinded by 1297 with the downfall of Nawruz, though Buddhists did not return to the prominence they had previously enjoyed. Ghazan before the end of the 1290s donned a turban and even declared jihad against the Mamluks. Though some Mamluk scholars, none more famous than the jurist and scholar Ibn Taymiyya, were not convinced of Ghazan's Islam. Outside of Damascus in 1300, Ibn Taymiyya insulted both Ghazan and his vizier, the Jewish convert to Islam Rashid al-Din, of being false Muslims. Ghazan, he stated, continued to worship Chinggis Khan in place of sharia.   The life of Ghazan's brother and successor Oljeitu demonstrates perhaps the most extreme example of a Mongol prince's flexible approach to religion. His father Arghun had the young Oljeitu baptized a Nestorian Christian and given the name of Nicholas, supposedly after the Pope Nicholas IV, with whom Arghun was attempting to ally with against the Mamluks. As a teen, he converted to Buddhism, when he took the Buddhist name of Oljeitu. Under the influnece of a wife, he then converted to Sunni islam, taking the name of Muhammad Khudabanda, servant of God, which became the source of rude puns on his name: kharbunda, donkey driver. First he attached himself to the Sunni school of Hanafism, then to Shafi'ism, before frustration with fighting between the schools turned him back to Buddhism, before in 1309 returning to Islam, but this time abandon the Sunnis for Shi'ism. A number of different sources offer explanations for what drove Oljeitu to become a Shi'a, generally focusing on how a various princes, commanders, scholars and others convinced upon Oljeitu the merits of Shi'a Islam. One particularly detailed account has a Shi'a Scholar describe the succession of the first of the Rashidun Caliphs, those accepted in Sunni Islam, to the Prophet Muhammad instead of 'Ali, remarking to Oljeitu it would be as if a non-Chinggisid general were to succeed Chinggis Khan. According to the Mamluk sources, Oljeitu's conversion to Shi'ism prompted a series of rebellions across Ilkhanid Iraq. In some accounts, Oljeitu converted back to Sunni Islam shortly before his death in 1316. His son, Abu Sa'id, followed him to the throne, a Sunni Muslim who did not waver in his faith as his father.    Following Ghazan's reign from 1295 until 1304, the Ilkhanate became an Islamic state, with the majority of its army and upper echelons converted to Islam.  The process was slower in the Golden Horde and Chagatai Khanate. After Töde-Möngke's deposition in 1287, the Golden Horde would not have another Muslim monarch until the reign of Özbeg, who took the throne in 1313. It seems he converted shortly after his accession, seemingly to gain the support of influential noyans within the Horde. In legendary accounts Özbeg was converted by a sufi named Baba Tükles, who proved the veracity of his religion when he comfortably survived an oven wearing nothing but chain maille, while the shaman he challenged was burnt to death in his oven. However, Baba Tükles does not enter into accounts of Özbeg's life until centuries after his death. It seems likely that Özbeg was converted by influential sufi and islamic jurists in his entourage, and the increased islamization of members of military and aristocracy making it a viable political choice to convert as well. To cement his reign and his religion, Özbeg ordered the executions of over a hundred Chinggisid princes and noyans. Other prominent converts, such as Ghazan in the Ilkhanate and Tughluq Temur in the eastern Chagatai Khanate, also carried out large scale purges though none matched those of Özbeg. So extensive was Özbeg's purge that within a generation, the line of Batu had died out within the Golden Horde. In the Chagatai Khanate, Islamization proceed in stops and starts. In the western half of the Chagatai realm, centered as it was around the trade cities of Transoxania and closer to the Iranian world, islamization went quicker, more or less winning out by the mid 14th century. It would take another century in the eastern half of the Chagatai realm, Moghulistan, where steppe lifestyle maintained greater influence. Not until the reign of Tughluq Temur's grandson, appropriately named Muhammad Khan, in the fifteenth century did Islam win out most of the remaining holdouts, according to the mid-sixteenth century source of Mirza Haidar Dughlat. For the eastern Chagatais, where the local islamic population was much smaller, there was much less interaction with the faith, and thus it took much longer for the military and the noyans to fully convert, despite the conversion of the Khans themselves.   Still, in policy men like Özbeg, Ghazan and Oljeitu largely matched their forebears in providing taxation exemptions, favours and other privileges to Christians, especially Franciscan missionaries, though on a lesser scale than earlier in the thirteenth century. Their successors, Özbeg's son Janibeg and Oljeitu's son Abu Sa'id, proved less welcoming, as even Christians found their privileges revoked. Janibeg ordered his men to dress in the fashion of Muslims, while Abu Sa'id sought to become the protector of the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina, one year even sending an elephant there for inexplicable reasons. Still, these monarchs showed themselves to continue in their traditions, such as acts of levirate marriage, that is marrying their father's wives, something forbidden by Islam.  Islam proved an aspect of these monarch's identities, but it took many generations in Iran for all elements of Mongol culture and Chinggisid ideology to be driven out, and in the steppes the process, it can be argued, never truly fully replaced the memory of the house of Chinggis Khan.        Our series on the Mongols will continue, and we will visit in detail the topic of Mongol religious tolerance very soon, which ties closely to this matter, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals Podcast. If you'd like to help us continue to bring you great content, please consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. Please also consider leaving us a positive review and rating on the podcast catcher of your choice, and sharing us with your friends; each one helps the podcast out alot. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.

Hot Seat with Farah Tubagus kali ini menghadirkan Ferdy Hasan. Banyak sekali cerita yang akan diceritakan oleh Ferdy Hasan, mulai dari pengalamannya menjadi orang tua murid paling muda, hingga menjadi orang tua murid yang paling tua di sekolah anak-anaknya. Tidak hanya itu, Ferdy juga menceritakan pengalamannya saat ini yang sedang fokus dalam mengembangkan bisnis mata uang kripto.

On this episode of The CouRage and Nadeshot Show, Will Neff comes on as a guest host and discusses how Hasan Piker helped him get into streaming, Pokemon Unite, New World frying gamers' GPUs, the Tokyo Olympics controversies, and more!

Tanvir is a wildly successful online fitness coach and mentor at the Online Trainer Academy. In this episode, we talked about his rough past as well as how he managed to turn it all around in his professional and personal live. Tanvir shares his struggles when he grew up, how he struggled in the school system, his problems with finding an identity, having absolutely no money left and his struggles with depressions. He shares how he managed to turn it all around, find his purpose and create a mission that would make him unstoppable. He shares the practices that have helped him to find clarity and motivation. This interview is super interesting to me because Tanvir shares a lot of very personal stories as well as great wisdom. I really enjoyed recording this episode and learned a lot. I'm sure you will enjoy it too. Tanvir on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TanvirHasanBritto Tanvir's Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/bengalfitnesstribe/

Suriyeli Sorunu Irkçılıkla Çözülmez [Hasan Cücük] by Tr724

When today's guest moved from Bangladesh to America, she never imagined that she'd one day be receiving an award from President Barack Obama himself. After arriving in the US to gain an education, Shomy Hasan Chowdury started volunteering. Soon, 40 hours turned into 460 and the entrepreneur discovered her passion for giving back. Now the Co-Founder of global youth-led organisation Awareness 360, a Water, Hygiene and Sanitation activist, a TEDx Speaker and a Forbes 30 Under 30 recipient (just to name a few accolades) Shomy is an inspiring entrepreneur who knows the power in community. Discover more:Start your Shopify 14-day free trial: https://bit.ly/3fuq58C -Learn more about Awareness 360: https://www.awarenessthreesixty.org/ -Follow Awareness 360 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/awareness_360/ -Connect with Shomy on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/prevashomy/ -Follow The Peers Project on Instagram: http://bit.ly/3adVmYG See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Hasan Kahvecioğlu, journalist from Cyprus, spoke to Yavuz Baydar.

Ahval Genel Yayın Yönetmeni Yavuz Baydar, Lefkoşa'dan Hasan Kahvecioğlu ile Cumhurbaşkanı Tayyip Erdoğan'ın Kıbrıs'ta Külliye ve Maraş çıkışının perde arkası ve muhtemel sonuçlarını konuştu.

“Sağduyu” programının 22. bölümünde yazar Tarık Çelenk, konuğu akademisyen, yazar ve yayıncı Dr. Hasan Aksakal ile Türk modernleşmesinin tarihini, öne çıkan akımları, farklı bakış açılarını ve bugün geldiğimiz noktayı konuştu.

Our final story this season is so good, you'll want to stay up all night enjoying it. But get your rest, we'll still be here tomorrow night to keep the story (and ourselves) alive. Sound familiar? We're joined by actor/comedian Tara Egan for an incredibly nerdy exploration of the history and themes of Arabic folktales, the frame narrative and the infamous compilation: One Thousand and One Nights. While this may be our SEASON 4 FINALE, much like our protagonist Scheherazade, Shared History will live to see another day and tell another story.More on Tara: Tara Egan is a comedian and actress based in Chicago. When she's not on stage, Tara is traveling the world and eating all of the good food. You can usually catch her performing all around Chicago, but at present, anyone in the world could watch her perform with ComedySportz Chicago on their live, free, virtual improv shows at Twitch.tv/CSZNChicago. The Scarlet Pirate (feat Tara) be playing at 7:30 PM on Sunday August 15th at the iconic Music Box Theater Garden. Oh and taraegan.com is set to launch this summer so keep an eye out!Follow Tara on Instagram @tara.eganSOURCES: “Arabian Nights - A History of ‘One Thousand and One Nights.'” Pook Press, 10 Feb. 2021, www.pookpress.co.uk/project/arabian-nights-one-thousand-and-one-nights.Bushnaq, Inea. By Inea Bushnaq - Arab Folktales (Pantheon Fairy Tale and Folklore Library) (1987–09-27) [Paperback]. Pantheon, 1987.El-Shamy, Hasan. “Folklore of the Arab World1.” Humanities, vol. 7, no. 3, 2018, p. 67. Crossref, doi:10.3390/h7030067.McFadden, Christopher. “These 7 Islamic Golden Age Inventions Changed The World.” Interesting Engineering, 16 July 2020, interestingengineering.com/these-7-islamic-golden-age-inventions-changed-the-world.McLean, John. “The Islamic Golden Age | World Civilization.” Lumen Learning, 0000, courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-islamic-golden-age.“The Original Aladdin Story - Its History and Origins.” Pook Press, 29 Apr. 2020, www.pookpress.co.uk/project/history-original-aladdin-story.Wikipedia contributors. “Hanna Diyab.” Wikipedia, 3 July 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna_Diyab.---. “One Thousand and One Nights.” Wikipedia, 11 July 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights.---. “Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov).” Wikipedia, 22 May 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheherazade_(Rimsky-Korsakov).MERCH: Snag some Shared History merch and get stylin'!SOCIALS: Follow Shared History at @SharedPod on Twitter & Instagram SUPPORT: Our network, Arcade Audio, is on Patreon. Support them and gain access to loads of bonus content from Shared History and other Arcade podcasts: patreon.com/arcadeaudio CREDITS:Original Theme: Garreth SpinnOriginal Art: Sarah CruzAnimations: The Banditry Co.About this podcast:Shared History, is a comedy podcast and history podcast in one. Hosted by Chicago comedians, each episode focuses on obscure, overlooked and underrepresented historical events and people.SPONSORS: This season of Shared History is sponsored by RAYGUN, ECBG Cake Studio & The Banditry Co.

SHERI HORN HASAN discusses the July 9 Cancer New Moon's call to plant seeds of greater self-compassion on the heels of last week's corrosive foundation-rocking reversals of fortune spurred by the recent Mars T-square to Saturn & Uranus! How do we strengthen our core emotional security in the face of such erosion, especially as Mercury enters Cancer July 11? Tune in to find out! Plus, hear ALEX TRENOWETH talk about her brand new book “Mirror Mirror: Famous People and the Actors who have Portrayed Them” in this repeat interview! Tune in live or listen to the recording at your leisure! See you soon! Namaste… #karmicevolution, #, #astrologicallyspeaking, #astrologersherihornhasan, #astronews, #astronewsyoucanuse, #venustrinechiron, #mercuryquincunxpluto, #venussquareuranus, #cancernewmoon, #mercuryenterscancer

SHERI HORN HASAN discusses the astrology behind this week's sudden shocking events as Mars forms a T-square to Saturn & Uranus July 1 & 3, respectively, & Mercury in Gemini waxes into his final confusing square to Neptune in Pisces Jyly 6 & & clears his shadow July 8 & hopefully enters smoother sailing ahead! Catch up Astro News You Can Use & how recent astrological energies can manifest within the collective through news about sex, death, crumbling foundations, legal twists & turns, political confusion, and more! Listen live or tune in to hear the recording anytime! Namaste…

The Houston doctor who was fired after a scramble to use expiring vaccine won't be indicted.

Eric Rieger  0:00  Hello gut check project fans and KB MD health family. I hope you're having a great day. It is now time for episode number 58. And of course we got an awesome guest. It's Dr. Sabine Hasan, who is she a world renowned research gastroenterologist, she is based in California, and she is an expert in faecal microbial transplants, FMT trusted it fast. I couldn't do it. Anyhow FMT. So essentially you're taking healthy poop from a healthy person, and using that microbiome that's inside of there to be transplanted into somebody else who may not be doing so well and could have all kinds of disease etc. Regardless, she's at the forefront of finding real solutions that can be accepted by our bodies to make us better make us well even help you lose weight. That's right. Could poop because somebody else's poop Have you lose weight, and earmuffs in case you have any young kids in the car, but she wrote a book and it's called let's talk shit, although the AI is upside down like a exclamation point. So regardless, let's get to her interview. And well first got to pay the bills though of course brought to you by artron to artron to get your daily polyphenols that are Tron teal.com or just go to love my tummy calm get your daily polyphenols. That's right. Developed by my partner, Dr. Kenneth Brown, gastroenterologist, these polyphenols are terrific for you. Whether you having digestive issues, maybe you have symptoms that are similar to those of IBS. Or you're just an athlete and you want to be your best artron to love my tummy.com use code. gut check and save I believe 20% Next, of course, unrefined bakery they've been a longtime supporter, unrefined bakery.com excellent, incredible food, regardless of your specialty diet that's unrefined bakery.com if you are keto, paleo or vegan, they've got it in that is desserts breads, etc. pie crust yeah pie crust, do you think that you are gluten free or celiac disease and you can't have pie crust, unrefined bakery.com use code gut check and save 20% off of your entire first order delivered to all of the lower 48 states and last but not least go to KB Md health.com to get your very own KB MD health CBD and Brock elite which has severe veins or ultra until you can get the signature package from Dr. cans Brown. kb Md health.com. Now it is time for oh I'm sorry, KB Md health.com. Use code GCP to save 20% off of any order. Now it's time for episode number 58. Dr. Sabine HasanKen Brown  3:03  Hey, what's up everybody? Welcome to Episode 58 of the gut check project. Ooh, today's a really, really cool one. We have Dr. Sabine Hasan, who will be our very first gastroenterologist as a guest. So I'm a gastroenterologist, but she's way smarter than I am and does all kinds of really cool stuff on read. What's that? Cool stuff? Yes. Cool stuff. Indeed. It's awesome. So I put together a quick little bio for you. I apologise that I don't have your probably standard bio. So I hope I get some of this stuff, right. This is Oh, and you'll notice there's an empty seat here where my co host, Dr. Eric riegert crna, who's usually here on time. Don't do that. It'll make it blurry. It'll make it blurry. It'll get us out of focus. He almost photo bombed us. Dr. Hayes in this is Eric reser. We've already been talking and we practically had a whole podcast before this podcast. You missed it. Sorry. Oh, that'sEric Rieger  4:05  okay. Another topic that I'd like to talk about is promptness, and being on time, that's another thing that really well, apparently I wasn't very good at today.Ken Brown  4:14  So I'm really surprised. You know, what is what's interesting, and I hope it's something that we can comment later is that Eric got a round of antibiotics. And ever since then, it's so weird. He's just always late for everything, and I'm blaming it on the microbiomeUnknown Speaker  4:26  100% I think we should test this microbiome. I'll send you a kit. That's the first thing I do.Ken Brown  4:34  Alright, so Dr. Sabine Hasan is a Board Certified gastroenterologist and avid researcher. She has a thriving practice in Ventura, California, and she started her own clinical trial company 16 years ago called Ventura clinical trials, and has been principal investigator and sub investigator in over 150 clinical trials. Now you say that number but I'm in like, For, and it was exhausting. So 150 Holy cow. Alright, so during this period, she became an expert in the microbiome with an interest in cdiff. Clostridium difficile. So through this process, she became one of the world's leaders in faecal microbial transplant. And through her research and expert, and through research and experience, she realised the unmet need to dive deeper into the microbiome. And she founded progenitor biome. So she is the founder of her own company, progenitor biome. And most recently, she published a fun, easy to read book for the lay person called let's talk shit. And I got it, and I read it and I laughed a lot. And it's really good. Written in a great lay, lay person point of view. And I loved it. So Dr. Hayes, you want to talk some shit? Talk?Unknown Speaker  5:57  Let's talk shit, for sure. Oh, at least finally a podcast that's like willing to go there? Like, oh, I don't think we should talk about it. Or we should say another word. And I'm like, Are you kidding me? I've seen half the books that are out there. The Art of not giving a f EU Oh, that's number one bestseller. But let's talk shit. We can't even say the word shit. Since when is the F word more acceptable than the shit? Come on?Ken Brown  6:28  This is true. Unfortunately, I think I use the words quite frequently, both of them often. So I really do not discriminate.Unknown Speaker  6:36  I named it that way. Because too often, you know, we sugarcoat microbiome, right? We made it pretty. But I think we're entering in a world of microbiome, we got to tell the public and the consumer what it's all about. And that's why I wanted it. First of all, I thought it was funny. I mean, this is like a tough topic, right? People come to us as gi doctors, bloated, gassy symptoms of you know, bowel changes, etc. And so we hope to, we have to explain to them and how do you explain a topic like the microbiome, without, you know, a little bit of humour to digest it a little bit better? My opinion, that's what I that's why I named it. So to give it full transparency. And then the other thing was to, essentially, you know, make people smile, because there's so many jokes you could say about it.Ken Brown  7:30  I heard you on another podcast where you're exactly right. As gastroenterologist, we have no problem talking about it. But I have the same issue with patients. They're like it was so embarrassing. I don't want to discuss this. I'm like, we have to discuss this. And then that goes from that to Okay, well, as long as you're comfortable with it. Here's some pictures.Eric Rieger  7:49  Not all the time, like no pictures, please. Okay, sometimes randomly the nurses they showed up with the bag.Unknown Speaker  7:58  Field great. I mean, you know, you probably know Neil Stallman, right? Yeah. So Neil, when I was a fellow at University of Florida, and I was presenting my research on visceral hyperalgesia, which was super clean, would come to me and say, You better start getting your hands dirty, because we're going into the ship business. I said, No, please, they call me Gucci girl in the GI lab, because if it's dirty, if the colonoscopy was not clean, I was out of there. I'm like, sorry, we do the prep, come back next week. I'm not cleaning the patient, right. And then the mere mention of having to actually play with tools and putting it in there was just something I never ever thought that would even happen to me. And, um, you know, when a patient is about to die from C diff, and you tried everything from, you know, antibodies after antibiotics to, you know, clinical trials, and that was my, my path, right? I was doing clinical trials, and Neil was doing people transplants. And we met when I was doing a clinical trial on faecal material in a capsule because every time I would do a clinical trial for pharma, if the pharmaceutical product didn't work, I would do faecal transplant, because I would say, Well, you know, the patient trusted me to heal them. And whether they got placebo or the drug didn't work, it's my obligation to make sure they're fine. So I would do people transform them. And then I discovered all these things. And of course, I you know, I blame Neil in a way for stepping into this because I've stepped in fully and every day I play with it, I can tell you the first time I I was, you know, looking at collecting stools, I think I almost passed out. But then you develop you know, that survivor or that, you know, warrior mentality that you're like, I can do this, I can do this. I went into gi I'm tough and blameless goes I can do this. And that's what happened.Ken Brown  9:59  So I'm really curious about your history. Can you just give us a little background about like your family and where you came from who you're married because I find it all really interesting. Your, your past is fantastic to where you are right nowUnknown Speaker  10:13  increasing the volume. So I'm I was born in Morocco. My parents, you know, my background is pretty much a mud like Spanish background German, you name it. It's all mixed in Italian, I was happy to see on 23andme I have some Italian blood and Greek. So I'm a mutt. And essentially, my parents immigrated to Montreal, I was raised in Montreal, went to medical school in Nova Scotia. My siblings all went to McGill and wanted the McGill route. And I went down housing because I didn't want to, you know, in my family, you had to live at home if you're going to college in Montreal, but if you go to college elsewhere, then that's the only exception to moving out of the house. So I said, Okay, I'm going to Dalhousie and Dalhousie was, was fun because it was you got into the rotations of, of medicine right off. You know, from day one, you were seeing patients. So that was kind of fun for me. And then I was gonna go back to Montreal, and I had a cold and I was interviewing for positions for internal medicine and gi for internal medicine, I don't even think I was going to be a GI at the time. And I got an interview a University of Miami Jackson Memorial Hospital, and they paid for my plane tickets, because they love Canadians back then. And they paid for my hotel. So I said, Oh, free trip to Miami. And then I show up in Miami, and I'm interviewing, I'm doing the interview. And they're telling, they're showing me like a room of 10 CAT scans, and you know, just like beautiful hot. I mean, you've been I don't know, if you've been to Miami Jackson Memorial, it's it's a city in itself. And back then, I mean, we had one CAT scan and the whole country of Canada, I mean, show up in my app, and you've got like 10 CAT scans in the room, and it's like, and then they sell you on Miami, and they're like, Oh, you could live in, you know, on the beach. And then you could go to the hospital, like, I'm there. I'm coming. So I showed up. And that was during the, the world of HIV. You know, that's when HIV was really, you know, really starting and all right, I remember here I am this, you know, kid that my parents kept like in a, you know, protected and clean environment. And then I'm the move, I'm moving to Miami, and I'm dealing with, you know, HIV, like 12 HIV patients a night and patients are like throwing blood all over the walls. And you remember the, I don't know, you're probably much younger than I am. But, you know, this was this was war, right? And so, me and Neil and my colleagues from Miami, we we trained under those circumstances of patients coming and crashing from HIV, kind of what we're seeing with COVID. Right?Ken Brown  13:04  It does have some and yes, I did have that we had our aids Ward where you would have to rotate, and then you have to make sure because their CD forecasts are so low that you you know, so you didn't want to give them any microbes that could hurt them. We just didn't know back thatUnknown Speaker  13:20  you didn't know. And we were so scared, right? We were if we got pricked by a needle, we, you know, you'd hear the residents like chopping their fingers. You know, going into a room of a patient that was altered mental status and being dressed like an astronaut going into space. And I met my husband, by the way, in Jackson Memorial first day of internship. And we became best friends because we were on call together. And it wasn't like scrubs or er, although kind of, but it was kind of fun. We were together we like work hard and do call and then we'd go party after on South Beach. So we met under this circumstances, and I think some of my best friends and you know, I've been married to my husband almost 30 years. So I think that really that environment really, you know, bonded us forever The memories, my colleagues because it was really survival. And he used to joke because he used to say, you look like an astronaut going into space. Going to see these spaces are like I'm not coming because we had TB resistant TB and HIV. We had all sorts of infections in that hospital. So it was really Warzone. And at the same time, you're treating these patients that are swallowing bags of cocaine, and in condoms, right and you have to like wash the bag evacuated. So it was really it was intense. I mean, we were I was taking care of your HIV patients criminals. I mean, it was just it was a interesting times but it forms you and makes you you know, a top doctor that you can do survive, you know, helping people no matter who they are. Right. So I think that that was it was great for me. It was a great education. It was great. And then in Miami and residency, some guys said, because we were, my husband wanted to go into cardiology, and I said, Well, maybe I'll go into cardiology. And then some guy said to me, you know, we don't take an eye and I said, how's gi his gi a good feeling looks kind of fun. I mean, it's like surgery but without doing surgeries, and he said, we don't take women in gi so don't bother well. That's all it took.Ken Brown  15:40  In there on challenge taking you ripped off your space suit room is roomful of AIDS people vomiting blood me like I'm gonna do giEric Rieger  15:52  the lion You sound like you're talking shit. Let's talk shit.Unknown Speaker  15:56  So basically, yeah, and back then gi and it was actually a miracle because back then gi was like the the flexible StG where you're like, touching your like, baby, you train with that. You were still you were probably kaleidoscope. IKen Brown  16:12  am actually a few years older than you. And so I went through everything you're saying I'm 100% dead. But I will say this, you've got way more guests than I did. I interviewed at Miami. And I went I looked at the volume and what was wrong because Miami had that they had more than a bigger HIV population, tonnes of age, lots of trauma, all that stuff. And I'm like, I like the warp. So I was training in Nebraska and I just got sick of the cold. And so I just moved south, I just drew a line from California, Arizona, across and it basically Texas is like Midwest but south. So I just but Miami I was I remember thinking, Oh my gosh, if I do residency here, you're just you're just not gonna sleep.Unknown Speaker  16:53  And actually, I was sleeping because I came out. So I was a Canadian train. So we trained with like physical exams, right? you examine the patient, you actually say, oh, gallbladder problem just by doing, you know, Toby's face and percussion, etc. So, you know, it was much faster for me to take care of patients. So me and my husband used to have like, gone, you know, he would, he would come in the column. He's like, you're sleeping, I didn't sleep. And I'm like, Oh, you know, and then we would have this competition of who would discharge the patient and treat the patient the fastest. So there'd be a board. And it'd be like Hasan and Steinberg and HIV patients and I'd be like, I'm giving them this, this, this, that and that. Okay, they're fine out of the hospital one day, and then it'd be like zero. He's in 20, Steinberg and thenKen Brown  17:42  eventually he just made everybody DNR and just flowing out.Unknown Speaker  17:48  He was it was a you know, it was it. We do things for challenges, right. I mean, we do things. Why do you go into medicine? Otherwise, if it's not the treat, that's what bothered me with this whole COVID is like, was the idea of doing nothing. I the patient's having shortness of breath, oxygen, the SATs and you do nothing? I couldn't understand that mentality because you have to try.Ken Brown  18:12  So I have a feeling that this we're just going to go all over the map here. So I'm going to get right off because there's something I was super impressed that you did, you gave a lecture on COVID and ivermectin way back. So now ivermectin, now, all these things were being said, are now coming to light and going, what the heck, why don't we? Yeah. How did you realise ivermectin fairly early.Unknown Speaker  18:36  So it was I started the protocol with the hydroxychloroquine, which went completely political. And my idea was, well, makes sense, right? That's kind of like what we do with H. pylori, multiple drug combo. So I thought, well, hydroxychloroquine azithromycin would be killing the virus and then vitamin C, D and zinc would boost the microbiome, right? So in other words, you kill but you boost right? So you we we bring the balance. And so Dr. Berg when hydroxy glow. At the same time, Dr. Brody said you know what, I think ivermectin is a better solution, because he was investigating himself. And you know, Dr. Brody is the man we all follow for his leadership on faecal transplant, but also he was the one the brain behind H. pylori and triple therapy. So he was the one that said combination therapy, and he's big on combination therapy. I mean, he's used combination therapy for two patients in Parkinson's, he published on that. So, basically, for me, it was following his direction. And he said to me, you know, what we need to do ivermectin, doxycycline zinc. And I said, Yeah, but you got to add the vitamin C and vitamin D. Nothing should be done without vitamin C, and D because you're killing the virus. And in fact, the microbiome is going to tell the story, and it's going to be amazing, because I showed the data to Dr. Ayman quickly, and you know, Dr. COVID,Ken Brown  20:02  right. The Godfather of probiotics,Unknown Speaker  20:05  yes. And and by the way, he was like fantastic data. Fantastic. And he's on my paper that's coming out. So yeah. So I got I got Dr. bozkurt from Turkey. I got Dr. Brody, of course in the paper and even quickly, so and it's basically blank, blank, blank susceptible marker for COVID-19. And we know we're going to show in the microbiome why ivermectin is working. Oh, that's cool.Ken Brown  20:39  So both Eric and I are big fans of the podcast. Brett Weinstein the Dark Horse podcast. Yes. And he had the critical care doctor from New York, pa Corey. Yeah, up here. And I was just floored because, you know, like all of us. We, we there's only so many hours in the day and we do quite a bit of research and I'm and ivermectin caught me off guard. I went, I was like I was, I was behind the curve on that one. I looked back and went. How did I miss that? How did I miss ivermectin? That's why I was so impressed that you were on it right away.Unknown Speaker  21:09  Yeah. And by the way, when you see what is doing to the microbiome, it's going to be as clear as life because what happened is because I have a CR O, and I'm able to put these protocols through pipelines through the FDA. And by the way, I did it because I had enough of pharma. You know, I had enough of putting these products and then you saw with the Alzheimer study, this Alzheimer drug goes into market, and the benefits are like, you know, what's going on there. So I said, we need to have doctors lead the path for pharma. In other words, doctors come up with these solutions, and bring them to the FDA. And so I kind of started this with COVID was more of a lead to show it Look, I'm taking combination therapy, and I'm putting them through a pipeline, I wrote the protocol and I submitted to the FDA and the FDA approved it right off the bat. Then the FDA then had second thought, because they said, Well, you need to have a placebo, and I said a placebo and COVID in the middle of a pandemic. I'm like, that's like. And I said, we're in the middle of a pandemic. Rome is burning. Are you asking me to use a bucket that doesn't have water? On the fire?Ken Brown  22:30  Okay, the house is on fire. I'm going to give you a bucket. Yeah. And you're gonna get a bucket. Now go put it out. Yeah. And then walk one of those bucket was gonna have water and one's gonna have nothing makes gasoline. More than anything, because we're talking about COVID here. I mean, it's like giving a placebo is like giving gasoline.Eric Rieger  22:48  Okay, so some burning Sinan fire truck. And over here sim school bus?Unknown Speaker  22:52  Yeah. So that's basically what happened. And then I started, when I submitted these protocols, I said, Okay, find the, the placebo is going to be a vitamin. So we did vitamin versus the other thing. But what we discovered is when we started looking at the microbiome and looking at we found COVID, in the stools, whole genome sequencing presented at an american college of gastro and then it got published, took six months to get published on gut pathogen, because they couldn't believe it. Right? They were, what is this real, we had to like submit, it was sent to the who I mean, it was just too ridiculous, you know, long term time to get that paper published. And so when we started looking at the microbiome, we discovered something in the microbiome. And we discovered something in the microbiome of those that were super sick, compared to those that were not so sick, compared to those who never got COVID to begin with. But yet we're exposed to patients with COVID. So we said, Wow, if this is a susceptible marker, so it was so basically became like a susceptibility marker, right. And so we determined that if we don't know the baseline of the microbiome in a patient, and we're giving them placebo, and that person has those microbes are super high. In other words, where's your immunity in your gut, right? And your immunity at baseline is super high, and I'm giving you a sugar pill? Well, of course, it doesn't matter because you already have like super strong microbiome to survive. COVID So is it fair to compare a placebo to a person, you know, that doesn't have a good microbiome? You know, you're comparing like an athlete running a marathon to a person on a wheelchair. Unless you know, the microbiome, you're really doing placebo controlled trials useless and COVID in mind,Ken Brown  24:47  you're bringing up something that is, I mean, could be a complete game changer in how pharma would do and type of research in the future. Yes, because what we're saying what you're saying is, if You do not have. And we've discussed this kind of stuff on the on other podcasts. If you do not have a diverse microbiome, are you able to take full advantage of these medications that we believe are helping because the FDA determined that there's a safety profile on it, therefore, it goes to the second trial. And then just like you said, in phase three and four trials, you're 6% better than placebo. So because of that, it's now a $14 billion drug that got bought by a bigger company.Unknown Speaker  25:26  Yes, absolutely. And we are entering into a world of research now, that is no longer research. In my opinion, medicine is no longer an art, it's a business. And that's scary to me, because that's not why I went into medicine. I'm sure that's not why you went into medicine. We're all individuals, we should all have an individual treatment. We have the technology now, especially with what we do with Regina biome, to understand with precision, these microbes of the individual, and the future is beautiful, because it's going to be a readjustment of microbes to attain that precision medicine. We need to get there, we can't be stopped, because roadblocks is what stops innovations and stops answers. And we got to keep asking questions and say, is this is this correct? Is this safe? Why are we doing this? Why are we not? The moment we stop asking questions, we stop science, we stop research, we stop finding answers. And then in my opinion, humanity is lost. I mean, you're talking about diversity. Look at the diversity of microbes. Over the last 100 years, we've gone from diverse microbiome to now an diverse look at 1980 the rate of autism was one in 2000. Now it's one in 20. In New Jersey, something is happening in the microbiome that we have to pay attention to and is it the herbs we're giving? Is it these vitamins that are over the counter and supposedly have the vitamins right? Or is it the probiotics? Is it the right probiotics, the wrong probiotics? So I think all that we need to fine tune a little bit more.Ken Brown  27:06  fine tune is an understatement thatUnknown Speaker  27:09  sure, like people come to you and say, Doc, I want I'm on this probiotic. And you're looking at this bottle and you're shaking your head, right. Probably. Dr. Hasan,Ken Brown  27:21  have you met Kiran Krishnan from microbiome labs? Yes, yeah. Very, very, very smart microbiologist. We had him on the podcast and we discussed this exact thing about the fact do you know if it's alive, do you know that you can get a a railcar, you know, like one of those big giant crates for like $2,000. From who knows where and then anyways, we went into the whole aspect of probiotics and how easy it is to make your own probiotic. Yes, put your label on it, but you have no idea if it's gonna do that, you know, you have no idea if there's data it's gonna survive. So absolutely on the same page. bacteria in the gut that's live is dangerous, in my opinion. Yeah. And that's in your book, your offices. It's funny, because in your book, you you had a brief segment about how people in the desert when they would get I don't know, dysentery, they would eat Kagame. And Kiran brought up that exact same thing. oil based, soil based people figured out early on that somebody got sick, they would eat the camel dung, and they would get better. Yes. And you brought it up there, which was fascinating.Unknown Speaker  28:27  To the soldiers were stuck. I forget where but they they had Calera and that's how, you know, the Bedouins told them. Just eat the apples from the camel, which is really the poop from the camel, and they cure the colour all of a sudden.Ken Brown  28:45  Isn't that crazy?Unknown Speaker  28:46  I know. We're not going to go into that because I don't think people want to eat that. But I think we can understand the microbes that are play. Right. So that was my thing is we're heading up.Ken Brown  28:58  I just saw Eric trying to order a camel off Amazon. No,Eric Rieger  29:02  no, no, I've got a coupon for camel apples. Oh, that's what it is.Unknown Speaker  29:05  I already trademarked sisters of Camelot. I was in Jordan with my sisters. And we were on camels. And of course, you know, they're pooping all over. And it came to me. I said, I need to analyse the stools. So of course, I took my eye because I did bring some kids with me. And I'm taking it. I took it home and looked at it. So I said, Okay, we're starting sisters of Camelot. But we're not going to start that because I'm my plan not to make people eat pizza becauseKen Brown  29:36  of you. You're the reason why when I'm coming back from a from a country and in customs, they're like, Did you bring any animals? Do you have any food? Do you have any camel dung on you? And I'm like, why would I have Canada? No.Unknown Speaker  29:50  It was me. It was me. Actually one time my husband brought in an apple to an island and actually we got fine. I think they got the memo. They were like Dr. Hasan's come in, there's probably some microbes in there, stay away. $200 fine.Ken Brown  30:07  Alright, so we got so many things I would love to talk about. But I do want to really hone in on progen ibiam for several different reasons. Number one, I am also trying to run a different company and you know, have all this stuff, you've got a lot of stuff going on, we got a lot of similarities and how your enthusiasm and your need to keep your curiosity forces you to start other companies to sort of meet the need that you're trying to find. So can you please tell everybody what progetto biome is?Unknown Speaker  30:36  So progenitor biome is a genetic sequencing lab, what does that mean? It basically looks at the microbes, the genetics of the microbes, so the fingerprint of your microbiome, kind of like your DNA, but the DNA of all your microbes that co exist and cohabitate in your gut. It's so when I explain this, we have a choice. When we look at the microbiome to look superficially, it's kind of like scuba diving and being at the ocean, in the top of the ocean and seeing guppies or going super deep into the ocean and seeing the life and so we go super deep with every patients. So we can look superficially and do a lot of patients with that cartridge. So when we do genetic sequencing, you have to take that stool sample, which is the size of a fingernail, and then we have to tag it and do library preps are called and then we put them on these cartridges, and then essentially the cartridge we have a we have a choice, we can use the cartridge and do multiple development and see the surface. Or we can go deep, deep and use that same cartridge into the depth. So we go into the depth of the microbiome, to look at the microbes a species because that's what we want. We want species of microbes because we as doctors understand species, you know, to the rest of the for the forever the world of microbiome has been from acuities bacteroides. Right? But that's very superficial. So if you remember microbiology you go phylum class, order family, genus, species. I don't want to be at the phylum phylum is like looking at Planet Earth, right? I don't want to be at the class. That's like looking at London. I want to be almost at the family to say Mr. And Mrs. Jones, but I really want to see the species to see the kid of Mr. And Mrs. Jones, who has autism, the species tells the story, right? Because when you see mycoplasma for the first time, which is a cellular doesn't have a cell wall, and you see 40,000 sequences or 40,000 mycoplasma shapes into the microbiome. You say this kid has mycoplasma, and that's the cause of his problem. Maybe, right? Because then the next step would be, well, what is mycoplasma succeeding, and is mycoplasma. So creating something and therefore active in that patient, or it's just a dead organism? But even if it's a dead organism, why does that kid have so much relative abundance of that? So really, it's looking at the species and understanding the species yesterday, I was excited because I had a Crohn's patients. So remember, for Crohn's, I'm always looking for mycobacterium tuberculosis, right? Because that was Dr. Brody's idea. That map is the cause of Crohn's. Right? But when, but other scientists have come in and says said, well, you're sending your your sindhya and turistica is the cause of Crohn's. And then others have said, malice sees your firfer. And so you look at all that and you go Well, which one is it is a mouse, he's your first and your semi analytic as a map. So it's important to look at the species. And when you look at the species, you start going, Wow, this patient has a lot of eco lie a lot of Shigella, a lot of demopolis. There's definitely a dysbiosis there, right, because we know that these microbes have been the culprit of problems E. coli, chronic urinary tract infections, you know, Shigella, you know, all these bugs. So when you look at the species, and you see the species, and you can kind of make a correlation, it helps in the diagnosis and helps guide you with the patient. And so, to me, that's what it was basically. So that's why I started 42 clinical trials, we're actually up to 59. Now on every diseases, because it was that look, every time a patient comes in with Crohn's, we would say, Crohn's database going there, but what we discovered from the beginning with progetto biome when we looked at everyone, and that was something that made me think, you know, what's out there like you biome is not legit, because they're comparing individuals to others, but we're all different. How can we be compared? So what we so the first thing we discovered Regina biome is we're all different, which, you know, I know, you know, by common sense, right? We all have different fingerprints. How can we have the same microbiome? and Why would my microbiome that was in Jordan, B compared to someone that lives in Greece, right? Completely different microbiome. But why am I healthy with this microbiome? And this person is not healthy with down microbiome, right? That's the million dollar question. So we started noticing, well, if we are all different, how do we compare? How do we understand the microbiome, so the only thing that you can compare is really within the family. And then the other thing that you can compare is within the individual. So whenever you have a product that you want to give it, you have a patient with Crohn's, and you attain a cure. And that was my thing that I would speak about at conferences, attain a cure, understand the microbiome, right? Because if you attain a cure on the same patient, and you see the microbiome before and after the cure, you know that something changed in the microbiome, and what was it that changed that obtain the cure. And so that's basically my bath is, is looking at families. And then from there, once you have like a group of microbes that you've identified and said, Okay, well, that makes sense. This is the bugs, these are the bugs that are related with Alzheimer's, because I've improved the patient's memory. And now these bugs have disappeared. Now, let me look at other groups and see if those bugs are in those patients with Alzheimer's, and let's come up with an essay. That's a formula. So ideally, what I want is the dictionary of all the bugs with diseases.Ken Brown  36:43  Let me back that up just a little bit. First of all, it's super fascinating. And there's a lot going on here. But as the as gastroenterologist, and I know that my colleagues get this, I get second opinions. And so they'll come in, and they'll just hand me this pile. And in evitable, II, there's some sort of stool analysis. And then somebody will circle things and then say, you need to take this supplement for this, this supplement for this this supplement. And I've always just flipped it over and said, I'm sorry, just because we can analyse it doesn't necessarily mean that we need to make recommendations on this or that we can manipulate it. You're saying, just to clarify is that progen A biome your company is doing a much deeper dive and making the association with diseases, yes, with the person that comes in so that you can at least develop a trend and start to predict how or what I need to do for it.Unknown Speaker  37:43  And the other thing we did is basically we created an assay that we felt were the 25 actually 15 most important microbes for disease. And we validated that. So what does that mean? We took microbes that were cultured, we bought them, and we put them through the pipeline. And lo and behold, see this was seeded because we had the microbe. So that's validation process, right? The second thing we did is we verified the validation process. In other words, let me repeat that to sample Am I getting the same value? And then let's reproduce it right. So let's reproduce it at month one that's reproduce it by someone else, another technician takes on the same standard operating procedure of how we develop this asset. And basically, we produces the asset. So I was very vague at the beginning. And I hired a genetic sequencer, PhD physician, who is actually behind the bracket gene. And his genius, who developed the essay for me with me. And I said to him from the beginning, I said, Listen, I want to be able to give you a stool sample, and I want you to be able to reproduce the same thing. In other words, I give you my stool sample today, tomorrow, next year, it should be the same fingerprint, the same exact colours. Because if you I'm giving you a stool sample today, and in a month, I'm giving you another sample, but it's no longer the same colours, and the same fingerprint while you're comparing apples and oranges. And that was the whole problem with all these sequencing lab because I remember and again, you'll see them and I would call them because like you I was getting patients that would bring me Sue samples, and I would say what does that mean? I mean, like bacteroides in your gut, what does that mean? And I would call I would call Neon is like nothing, it's all bogus. And I know there's a whole holistic path out there that has looked into this, but you know, they have their vision but unfortunately, you know, we need to bring the holistic and we the idea that holistic healers have achieved and bring in into gi to understand it with the microbiome In my opinion, right. Bring everything that's out there and say, Okay, well, we all see this from this guy and this from this guy. Let's put it all together to say, yes, this is accurate information. This is valid, verified and reproducible data, because everything in science, you have to reproduce it right? If I do faecal transplant on a patient that's has alopecia areata, and my patient grows hair like Dr. Colleen Kelly. Then I've just reproduced Dr. Colleen Kelly's data. And I can say, Well, I did this ABCD like Dr. Kelly, and I got ABCD the same thing and my patient blue hair, right. So reproduction of validation, verification, and reproduction of data is very important in research. But, you know, the problem is just too many we live in a world where people want to just fast, fast development of products fast sell, you know, like sell a probiotic, sell this sell that. And we've stopped the research because it takes time to do research, but it doesn't have to take time to do research.Ken Brown  41:06  Where you're gonna say something? Yeah,Eric Rieger  41:07  I had a quick question is, so you've talked about the microbiome. And obviously, you've been able to look at different diseases and then figure out where they match up. And whether the same somebody it's kind of interesting to me, though, is that locally, that makeup of that microbiome, of course, is at the local level in the colon. But they've all looked at the second level and tried to map out that it also matches not just in the makeup of the microbiome, but what those post biotic metabolites would look like. So that the systemic responses are also the same to mimic what what the makeup isUnknown Speaker  41:44  absolutely an excellent point. There's so the microbiome is different at every location in the coalmine, that what we're doing is really a beginning of seeing what it's looking like at a deep level. The next step that we're going to do, and we're going to be working with a company that developed a capsule that is guided that takes a sample of Seoul, from every different locations, where we can show with precision that the stomach microbiome looks like this, the small bowel microbiome looks like this, the seachem looks like this, the transverse colon. So that's going to be coming because that with that technology, hopefully we can deliver precision microbes to those areas to achieve cures in the future. And, you know, capsule endoscopy, I was the first one Well, one of the first doctors to start using it. And that was the first time that we saw that I saw myself a parasite floating in the small bowel. That was a revelation, right? When you look at the, the sequencing of the microbiome, and you see all these microbes, and I said that I found c diff in my gut, um, you start going, Wow, this there's a mystery there that needs to be figured out. Yeah. Because the microbiome is everything. You're you're born with a lot of good microbes, you die with very little good microbes, right? You live, and then the microbes consume your body and put you back into the earth. So from the earth to the earth. I mean, we're proving that with the microbiome. So even on a and I think for me, the biggest lesson about the microbiome is really that diversity is key to life, key to health. And I was just speaking on the microbiome at a farm polyface Farm that's really big on regenerative farming. And so they believe in diversity of farming, they believe in, you know, coconut, you can't just put like avocado trees, you got to put the avocados with the blueberry trees with the tomatoes with everything. And it's the diversity that creates the beauty of the soil and the amazing, you know, matrix of microbes underneath the ground that feeds us really.Eric Rieger  43:55  So yeah, they they try to discourage monocropping now, because it will destroy the soil. They wanted, they want to switch it up. Yeah, right.Unknown Speaker  44:04  Well, you see, Amazon jungle, they tried to do that they tried to utilise things from the Amazon jungle.Ken Brown  44:11  So one more time in your book, you're you're not discussing the examples that you have in the book. But I was just thinking you had that great section on we should be doing green burials because what we're not doing is giving our microbiomes back we have micro biomes are trillions of microbiome we should give them back to the soil so that then other you know, it'll fertilise plants. We shouldn't be embalming ourselves. We shouldn't. We should be green burying and let that happen.Unknown Speaker  44:42  We should, we should. So that's what we should be doing. I have someone at the door but I'm gonna ignore them. You can go get him. You can.Eric Rieger  44:49  I am on bring him on.Ken Brown  44:51  Let's listen, we have some reach. Maybe Dr. Brody saw this and said I'm gonna fly over there and see Right or Yeah, that would be great. Do you have one quick question about progetto biome and then IUnknown Speaker  45:12  talked to Dr. Brody like every day two to three times a day times on love the man will have toKen Brown  45:19  genius I've never personally met him obviously read tonnes of his tonnes of his work even quickly I've met a tonne of times and you know he's just so nice and so approachable and everything. Quick question for you not for Dr. Hasan but to Sabine is it Sunday now you're sitting clean, it's fine. So being the how I built this aspect. So as a as somebody that built presented by him, how did you think about organising like that stuff? That's that was really intimidating to me. How do you how do you build a business?Unknown Speaker  45:51  You know, I built it basically, I just my attitude with everything in life is I just jump in, and I just expect, you know, to find something. So I basically jumped into it. I saw, you know, it was it was during the Woolsey fire, the whole backyard burned. And I was in communications with Dr. Feingold, who was the father of bacteria in anaerobic bacteria in the gut, he actually wrote the book anaerobic infections. And I was in communications with him because earlier on, I had done a faecal transplant on a patient who had Alzheimer's and he remembered his daughter's Date of Birth six months later. So to me, that was one of those, you know, and Dr. Brody likes to call it Martians. It's one of those Martians that comes in your front door and you say, wow, there's life on Mars. And so I called Dr. Feingold. And so what am I seeing? When I change the mind? Which microbe Am I seeing when I changed the microbiome in a patient with Alzheimer, and he remembers his daughter's date of birth. And Dr. Feingold said, You're seeing this bacteria that I cultured for so many years, nobody wanted to take on the study and to support it. So I'm giving you the protocol. Get yourself a next generation sequencer machine gets yourself alive, a scientist, and he showed me the path, right? He was 97 years old. And he showed me the path he gave me the paper. And then he put I put it in my Sage because I said, Well, I'm not going to start a genetic lab that's like, you know, at least a couple million. And so what happened is he passed away during the Woolsey fire, my whole backyard burns. And the family calls me and they go, Dr. Hayes, and we want to give you like all the books of our dad, and he signed all his books. So I had like, I have about 1000 books in my I picked up I took a pickup truck, and I picked up the books. My husband thought I was crazy. It's like, our house is burning. And I said, Don't worry about the house. I don't care. This is more important that this is like a seat. This is his work. I wanted to take it on. And I felt like and I felt like it was like tag you're it right. And about a month later, I started communicating with Dr. Brody because Neil had introduced us at ACG and said, oh, by the way, Sabine also cured Crohn's disease with faecal transplant. And he said, what he took my card, and then called me in December, and I said, By the way, I got the paperwork from, I got everything. And I found a couple of patents with you and Dr. feigl. You guys were communicating together those wonderful man, wonderful scientists, brilliant mind. And I said, Well, we got to continue this. And then he said, by the way, I'm working with Dr. Adams, who's publishing a data on autistic children post faecal transplant. So I said, he said, Be ready. You're gonna have the flood. This is Dr. Brody. I'm autism, I don't even know anything about autism. No way. And then next thing, you know, I start my lab. And I told my husband, I said, we're not rebuilding the backyard. I don't care about the house. I'm building a genetic sequencing lab. So he goes Sure, honey, and my if you know, my husband, my husband's a great guys, cardiologist. You know, hi, doctor. Amazing. And he's like, yeah, sure money, do whatever you want. You want to analyse shit, go for it.Unknown Speaker  49:15  I said, Okay, I'm buying a machine. So, and it was kind of at that point in my life where, you know, my, you know, you your kids are growing up and you've done the raising and they're blooming on their own and you're, you know, at that point where you say, Okay, well, what is my life mean? I'm no longer a mom. Okay, great. I'm a GI doctor, I do research for pharma. But now farmers getting into the shed business, and we don't even understand it. So I saw this light and I just said, I think this is my path. And then lo and behold, everything was just opened up. I mean, my first case of faecal transplant was a patient with metastatic melanoma. That I submitted the protocol to the FDA, the FDA thought I was crazy for wanting to put stools in a woman's body Hold on who was dying, but her haemoglobin was seven. She wasn't eating anything. She was dying. I had to fight with them to let me do it. And I saw her starting to crave chicken nuggets after the faecal transplant, the same cravings that her grandson had. So that was an open an eye opener for me. She ended up living a lot more months than she was supposed to, to to begin where she should have died within the month. But I think the faecal transplant really helped her and I think we're seeing that with, you know, MD Anderson's work with faecal transplants, and chemo, etc. So I think that was the path. I didn't really think of money because people always ask me, Well, how do you support it? How do you venture and I said, Well, let me create a nonprofit. So I created a nonprofit. And then next thing, you know, I wrote the book was shali. And, and everything, like even Shelley came to me in my office, it was just like divine intervention.Ken Brown  50:56  Shelley? Who is Shelly, I don't know her.Unknown Speaker  50:58  So Shelly is an author, she writes, you know, she writes books. And she, her husband, was a friend of mine. And we started talking, he's a pilot. And he said, you know, and I said, I need to write this book. And he goes, one is why don't you have Shelly, I'll pay you. And she puts it in the book. And she wrote, I helped Dr. Hayes and get her shit together. Because this is what happened. I gave her all my stack of papers. I said, this is chapter one. Let's start chapter one. And then she started. So as she was building, and we were building dog book. And then Dr. Brody, of course, every time we had a chapter, we're like, what do you think is that said, it's like, I like the quotes I like, you know, because he's very much into, you know, quotes and old quotes from, you know, people in the past. So we started, you know, writing. And then at the same time, I started building these protocols. And I had a team of writers that I basically, I had my, my, my main writer that I said, you know, let's start writing these protocols. And little by little, it was built, and I and Andrea showed me from day one, a patient with Crohn's disease. And he showed me the microbiome, and I changed the microbiome, I played with it with certain products like you that I believed could change the gut. And I was able to reach a cure in this kid, and I was able to see the cure in the microbiome. So before and after. And so when I saw that, I said, I have something. And then I saw see this in 17, the first 17 patients, I saw c diff, and all of them. So I said, you know, maybe we're wrong about C. diff May, and I and I actually challenged the industry, the infectious disease doctors, because I said, maybe we all have C diff, and maybe it's what we give our gut that kills off all the microbes, the diversity, that causes c diff to start succeeding, it's toxin, right? And so, you know, infectious diseases are very pragmatic. They're like, well, if you didn't call to it, then it's not there. And I can't say, Well, how do you culture a dead bacteria? How do you take a tree that's dead and expect to plant it? It doesn't work. I mean, you almost have to culture it anaerobically, right. And so I said, well, but the next generation sequencing shows the whole genetic sequence of the microbe, right? And then when we did RNA pipeline, which is the you know, so we have a bunch of pipelines when we look at microbes, right? So we actually can do a DNA pipeline that looks at our bacteria, or we can do an RNA pipeline, which looks at the bacteria reproducing. So if you see a microbe is reproducing, and you see it high in the messenger RNA pipeline, then you know that this microbe is active.Ken Brown  53:48  That that's that's a game changer. That's awesome. Yes. Nobody showed it. Nobody. Nobody's ever said that before. Because I remember mark, you know who Mark Pimentel is and cedars? Yes, I know, Mark. So I remember Mark was describing Well, when we're doing these stool studies, where basically it's like going into a neighbourhood and looking at the trash, and then making these assumptions about what's going on inside. That that's just trash is what you're looking at. Oh, the mRNA that's huge. That's big fish.Unknown Speaker  54:18  Yes. And then the metabolomes is the next step, right? Are those microbes to creating something like the sofa Vibrio in the gut, right, then we know that sofab embryo was linked with autism from Dr. Feingold. So he thought that the sofa Vibrio or Clostridium perfringens could play a role with autism. Well, when you see the sofa Vibrio in a family in one kid that has autism, and the rest of the family doesn't have autism, and don't have it, but the kid has 40% relative abundance of the sofa of embryo you don't even need to do metabolomic studies on that because you know, that there's that The problem most likely, and then that good faecal transplant would be a solution. Oh, that's, that's so cool.Ken Brown  55:06  I talk to my patients that, especially people with certain food cravings are battling their weight and stuff. And I'm like, well, it could be that you're not really it's not really you and controlled your microbiome, would you discuss briefly your two daughters? In your experience?Unknown Speaker  55:20  Yeah. So. So I took antibiotics, my young, my old, my oldest also, and, you know, I have a hard time I used to eat like, in Miami, I used to eat the whole tuna subway, and you know, would not gain a pound naito cucumber, and I get a pile. And my little one eats 5000 10,000 calories. Sometimes she'll eat like a one o'clock in the morning, the whole pizza, and then an apple pie doesn't gain weight. She's a toothpick, right. And so we looked at the family microbiome, and actually, there was a group of microbes that is potentially the obesity marker. There's also a group of markers that are potentially the cholesterol. And so this is a new world, right that we're entering. So even with Alzheimer's, we're seeing similarities in the microbiome. So we need to understand, but more important, I think, then understanding the microbes isn't is understanding the environment of the microbes. Because you saw studies when they do so we know that when we do faecal transplants, we are achieving improvement in patients, right. But you saw the studies where they remove the faecal material and they just had the liquid then they implanted it and they still got improvement, right? So something in the substance, something in the environment, the substances, I think, make a big, big difference. It's all gonna make sense to you. When you read the paper with ivermectin.Ken Brown  56:44  I'm so excited. I just I'm literally like thrilled.Unknown Speaker  56:49  Vitamin C and vitamin D, because I'm going to be writing Linus Pauling was right.Ken Brown  56:54  That's coming. I agree. With everything you said. I have a couple quick comments. Number one, your doorbell rang. And he did tell you that emotion would show up on your front doorstep that could have been, and Oh, well. And then I got a I have a I have a quick story for you. Yes, that we were interviewing a fellow. He was from Yale. And this is gonna be about eight to 10 years ago. So before faecal microbial transplant FMT was being discussed. We're out to dinner with them. I've took them to a nice steak restaurant here in here in my city. And I was asking him about his research. And he goes, Well, what we're showing is and he's talking, and the waitress was there, and she was like, This is interesting. And she was listening. And she was a little bit obese. And he goes, Well, we're taking stool from skinny mice and giving it to fat mice. And those fat mice are losing weight. And then vice versa. Right, like, no, that's so cool. Because like the first time I'd ever heard of it, he was doing the original research on this. And then the funniest thing happened. She was once again I said she was a little overweight. She looks over at this busboy who's all about six for 120 pounds. She was Bill, you are the sexiest person in this restaurant, right? Cuz he went on to say that if you live with somebody, you end up sharing the microbiome. Yeah, and she yells to this poor guy was probably like, 17. She's like, you want to move in? You want to move in? A little premature, but I don't know. Maybe she wasn't. SoUnknown Speaker  58:25  hey, you know what I do every day as a routine. I take my little one my 17 and I rub my face to her. I'm like, I want some of that microbiome on my skin. That's the best lotion right there. I mean, I don't need to put lotion on my face.Ken Brown  58:38  Your I'm scared that I'll ruin my kid's Mojo by giving them my kids,Unknown Speaker  58:46  my little one who actually is a hyper metabolizer. That's what I call her. I asked her to donate stools from me. I said, you know, your skills could be worth a lot of money, because that could cure for obesity. And I said $1,000 for one sample Scarlet. She's like, Nope, not giving it I'm not going to grab it. She's like, I'm not going to be a rat lab. Mom, she gave me one sample. That's it. That was all.Ken Brown  59:10  That's it. And this is this is not hyperbole. In your book you discuss about how the marathon runner they took his store he gave it to mice, and the mice immediately with no extra training could run 13% moreEric Rieger  59:21  than they could before. Before we publish this episode we need we need to get shit studying calm. have it ready to go?Ken Brown  59:31  Well, I will give you credit. A lot of the things that come across you do trademark it's like you'll just like call your trademark attorney and they're just trademarking everything.Unknown Speaker  59:41  Yeah. Because so yes, it's it's kind of funny because I, you know, in medicine and you know, you come up with an idea. A businessman takes an AI takes your idea and make something out of it. And then you're like, wait a minute, that was my idea how many doctors have I seen over the course of my career that have come up with cures, and a businessman came, took that cure and made it a business and the doctor now, you know, Dr. Feingold, his book is the beginning of so many pharmaceutical companies, because that was without his book. Without that foundation, none of these pharmaceutical companies, you know, existed. And, you know, the fact that he had to struggle to get money for his research and keep putting all his money into his work. It was just not okay. And so when I started this, and I started the company, I said to myself, first of all, I'm trademarking everything. And I learned from the best Dr. Brody, because he said, patent everything, trademark everything, because they will always say, somebody will take your idea and try to make something out of it. So the man is genius on multiple level. Yeah.Ken Brown  1:00:57  And the fact that you actually are doing what people don't realise is that you're going down this microbial path, a speaker microbial path. And to get these studies done, you have to file these nd eyes, these new drug sounds like that. Yes, I end that's it. Yeah, I end in Yeah. And that's, it's super expensive. And they make it they make it difficult, or maybe they do on purpose or not, I don't know. I mean, obviously, as as an investigator, where we have to deal with that a little bit with our supplement, we kind of skirt the FDA, but we still have to walk such a careful line, you want to talk science, but if you start talking too much science, then you have to file that ind andUnknown Speaker  1:01:40  and I think, you know, it's not hard to file it's not hard to do it. I think this is where doctors need to join forces because really, um, you know, we lose when we don't work together when we were in residency and internship we were collaborating together to fix you know, what happened with COVID was really sad to me because the collaboration disappeared. All of a sudden, the media is telling you how to take care of your patients, and the politicians and the whole time it was like, wait a minute, the moment the politician can tell me what the Latina does in COVID, or Rosa Yuria or fasula, bacterium, press neiti let alone they should probably spell fasula bacterium proxy, never mind what it's doing. The moment a politician can tell me that, then I will respect what they're saying or immediate person. But the reality is we're entering a world of microbes, I think we should let the people that are in the microbiome world, lead that path and lead the treatment. At the end of the day, achieve success listen to the people that achieve success. You know, those doctors on the front line that realise different methods to to meet, forget ivermectin, let's talk about others, right. kosha seen, you know, cheap solutions be that cyanide, you know, eliquis all these I think those were hints right? When when I have a patient that's oxygen saturation 73%. And I'm freaking out because the patient doesn't want to go to the hospital, but I know he's gonna die on my shift. And I don't want him to die. I'm going to do everything in my power. So I'm going to give him everything I know. And then I'm going to call, you know, my buddies. You know, Brian Tyson say, Brian, what did you do with this? And then he would say, you know what, I've this. And then Peter McCollum. What did you do on this? And so I think this is where the collaboration of physician comes into play. Because we are the ones on the front line, taking care of patients. And at the end of the day, who do you trust with your life? The doctors that guided you this way? Right. I trusted with my life. Tom perrotti. Let me Yeah,Ken Brown  1:03:50  I just want to ask a quick question on this, because I saw that you have done presentations you have submitted for different trials. You've done this, have you? A lot of the doctors that have had the guts to do this have had backlash. Did you receive any backlash from social media, from the media from anything?Unknown Speaker  1:04:07  So I'm because I'm working with the FDA oversight. And right now we're doing actually clinical trials with the Department of Defence sponsoring it, which is another product altogether? I've not had the backlash as much, I'm sure I've had backlash when I tried to advertise to get patients. You know, definitely my there were criticisms and you know, and I always try to stay under the radar as much as possible talking about treatment. I'm more the microbiome girl and I don't think anybody really knows about the microbiome and if they want to go one on one with me and start trashing me, bring it on the ship is going to be caught starting. And I call the book and in January because let's talk shit because I said Look, I couldn't be full shade or I could know my shit. But I think I know my shiftKen Brown  1:05:02  to that is awesome.Unknown Speaker  1:05:04  So we'll see. I mean, it's a it's a path. It's a, it's a discovery path. It's, it's, it needs to be done. And I think I say to people, if you stop the innovation, you're going to be the patient coming for an innovation that's not going to be happening. You know, right now we get how many patients do get probably as much as me that wants faecal transplant for Alzheimer's, for Parkinson's, for autism, etc. You can't offer it. We're not there yet.Ken Brown  1:05:31  So let me ask you this. So you've got your lab set up to do a really good job. We were doing it heavily. A guest standing for this podcast, Dr. Stuart Ackerman, him and I did a few of these super intelligent doctor, my colleague who trained in New York, we were lucky enough to steal him and bring him over about five years ago, he jumped all in on the on the faecal transplant, and he signed up, he did everything. And then like overnight, he said, Well, this was like, in between the FDA saying it's a drug and this and then he was able to get the frozen capsules. And then it was like overnight, it became cost prohibitory because something happened with the lab. And we just quit doing it because we couldn't get it approved insurance wouldn't pay it suddenly, it was super expensive. Right?Unknown Speaker  1:06:17  So that's the peer pressure and the lobbying power, right? of lobbyists that basically, and I'm gonna say it out there because I think it needs to be told, you know, there is a lobbying movement that is basically stopping these, these drugs, these, these cheap solutions. And I think we need to stop that we need to fight as physicians for that because the moment we stop, you know, trying to do what was right for the patient, faecal transplant being one of them. I think all of us that were doing faecal transplant join forces in the microbiome meeting, the Malibu microbiome meeting that you probably saw, because of the fact that we saw that our ability to help patients were being cut. We were doing, we were helping patients we were doing using a bank that was good. And that ability was cut. I think, you know, the onus is to go from that product that was sold of open biome to go to Finch, right, which is now a pharmaceutical product, then, you know, that's fine, as long as you know, the data shows that it's working, etc. But I think you know, stopping the right to try and doctors from doing faecal transplant or scaring them, you know, I still do faecal transplant, you know, who's gonna stop me? I mean, the the FDA, you know, has said you can do faecal transplant for C diff, provided you do all these things. And even if you want to do it for autism, you have to submit an ind, well, I just have to write the ind, I have to follow the protocol and follow the guidelines. Nobody's gonna stop you if you're doing things the right way.Ken Brown  1:08:03  So you don't have to wait for them to approve the ind. JustUnknown Speaker  1:08:07  wait for them to approve the ID. But for C diff, you can do faecal transplant. You just have to f

Hamil Diluar Kandungan – Dr. Budi Handono dr, Sp.OG(K), MH.Kes بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيْمِ Berikut rekaman audio MP3 kajian rutin Dokter Kita Spesialis Kandungan yang telah dilaksanakan pada, Hari : Sabtu PagiTanggal : 16 Dzulqa'dah 1442 H/26 Juni 2021 Bersama Pemateri :Dr. Budi Handono dr, Sp.OG(K), MH.Kes(Pengajar Program Studi Ilmu Kebidanan dan Kandungan FK UNPAD dan Dokter RS. Hasan […] The post Hamil Diluar Kandungan – Dr. Budi Handono dr, Sp.OG(K), MH.Kes appeared first on Radio Tarbiyah Sunnah 1476 AM.

For the past few weeks gamers have been having fun with the theory that small time indie developer Blue Box Game Studios is secretly Hideo Kojima covering for the creation of a brand new entry in the Silent Hill universe, a theory that Blue Box itself has been all to willing to encourage. But as announcements and delays get more and more...trollish, what can we take from how manufacturers have protected their reputation in the very recent past? For all we know "Abandoned" is just a name given to a performative art piece...in Virtual Legality. CHECK OUT THE VIDEO AT: https://youtu.be/9A1UYYPUlvU #BlueBox #Abandoned #Sony *** SUPPORT THE CHANNEL PATREON - https://www.patreon.com/VirtualLegality STREAMLABS TIPS - https://streamlabs.com/richardhoeg STORE - https://teespring.com/stores/hoeg-law-store *** Discussed in this episode: "Hideo Kojima Conspiracy Theory Ends With Tears" Kotaku - June 21, 2021 https://kotaku.com/hideo-kojima-conspiracy-theory-ends-with-tears-1847141712 "Abandoned, a cinematic survival sim, hits PS5 later this year" PlayStation Blog - April 7, 2021 https://blog.playstation.com/2021/04/07/abandoned-a-cinematic-survival-sim-hits-ps5-later-this-year/ "Securing the Village: On Sony and Capcom's Purported RE VIII Agreement (VL450)" YouTube Video - April 21, 2021 - Hoeg Law https://youtu.be/q1Tgb-dY0Gc "Experience all trailers and gameplay reveals with images rendered realtime ..." Tweet - May 31, 2021 - BLUE BOX Game Studios https://twitter.com/BBGameStudios/status/1399221847632355337 "The Abandoned:Trailers app got delayed for three days." Tweet - June 20, 2021 - BLUE BOX Game Studios https://twitter.com/BBGameStudios/status/1406588767184592898 "Weird PS5 Game Abandoned Delays Trailer App to Friday" Push Square - June 20, 2021 https://www.pushsquare.com/news/2021/06/weird_ps5_game_abandoned_delays_trailer_app_to_friday "We wanted to set things straight." Tweet - June 15, 2021 - BLUE BOX Game Studios https://twitter.com/BBGameStudios/status/1404924897340674049 "An update from Hasan:" Tweet - June 25, 2021 - BLUE BOX Game Studios https://twitter.com/BBGameStudios/status/1408424979172110336 "CDPR's Cyberpunk Damage Control Call: Corpos Searching for Answers (VL371)" YouTube Video - December 15, 2021 - Hoeg Law https://youtu.be/n7uzzQ7SV-0 "Dear Gamers..." Tweet - December 14, 2020 - Cyberpunk 2077 (@CyberpunkGame) https://twitter.com/CyberpunkGame/status/1338390123373801472 CDPR Cyberpunk Launch Teleconference Transcript December 14/15, 2020 https://www.cdprojekt.com/en/wp-content/uploads-en/2020/12/call-transcript_en.pdf *** "Virtual Legality" is a continuing series discussing the law, video games, software, and everything digital, hosted by Richard Hoeg, of the Hoeg Law Business Law Firm (Hoeg Law). CHECK OUT THE REST OF VIRTUAL LEGALITY HERE: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1zDCgJzZUy9YAU61GoW-00K0TJOGnPCo DISCUSSION IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS LEGAL ADVICE. INDIVIDUALS INTERESTED IN THE LEGAL TOPICS DISCUSSED IN THIS VIDEO SHOULD CONSULT WITH THEIR OWN COUNSEL. *** Twitter: @hoeglaw Web: hoeglaw.com

Benk. Car waves. Mispronounced words. Cenk attempts to pronounce legal terms. Who takes Latin? Cenk fails at German. Heir Weigel. Cenk goes to Switzerland. The sound of German. Ben's college admissions. Is college worth it? Hasan becomes a club promoter. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Medyascope ve Eğitim Reformu Girişimi (ERG) işbirliğiyle hazırlanan Eğitim 360°‘ın bu bölümünde Umay Aktaş Salman ve Yeliz Düşkün babaların çocuğun gelişimindeki rolünü konuştu. Ebeveynlik deyince çoğunlukla anneler telaffuz ediliyor, bunda toplumsal cinsiyet kalıpyargıları çok etkili. Babalar çocukların gelişimde kendilerini anneler kadar sorumlu görmeyebiliyorlar. Çocuğun bakımı ve gelişiminden, eğitim hayatına kadar pek çok alanda babalar daha geri planda. Programa katılan Anne Çocuk Eğitim Vakfı (AÇEV) Babalık Çalışmaları Direktörü Hasan Deniz, AÇEV'in 2017 yılında yaptığı babalık araştırmasına göre, araştırmaya katılan babaların yüzde 91'inin çocuk bakımında birincil sorumlunun anne olduğunu söylediğini, yüzde 50'sinin çocuğunu hiçbir zaman tuvalete götürmediğini, yüzde 35'inin okul etkinliklerine katılmadığını söyledi. Deniz, babaların çocuklarıyla geçirdikleri zaman ve kurdukları ilişkinin çocuğun zihinsel ve fiziksel gelişimini, sosyal duygusal kapasitesini nasıl etkilediğini anlatırken, babaların nasıl teşvik edilebileceğiyle ilgili bilgiler verdi. ERG Kıdemli Politika Analisti Yeliz Düşkün ise kadın ve erkeğin eğitime bakışlarıyla ilgili bilgi verdi, anne-babanın çocuğun eğitimindeki rolünü anlattı.

Medyascope yayınına konuk olan Sabancı Üniversitesi Emeritus Öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Ali Alpar, İstanbul Üniversitesi Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Emekli Öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Hasan Yazıcı ve Massachusetts Teknoloji Enstitüsü (MIT) Öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Daron Acemoğlu ile koronavirüs salgınında geride bıraktığımız bir buçuk yılda neler öğrendiğimizi, gelecek açısından çıkarmamız gereken dersleri, hem Türkiye hem de dünya geneli açısından yapılan doğruları ve yanlışları konuştuk.

In this hour Stephen Henderson examines the phrase Critical Race Theory, which is being attacked in Republican-led legislatures across the country, and mischaracterized as a blueprint for teaching kids to hate white people, and America. Dr. Hasan Jeffries weighs in. Plus, Ola Akinmowo and Katelyn Durst-Rivas talk about the Free Black Women's Library ahead of an event that's taking place this weekend at The Tuxedo Project.