Podcasts about rugy

SCHEDULE JBS, 6-25-26.JUNE 1957The Fog of Diplomacy in the Strait of Hormuz. Guest: Colonel Jeff McCausland. McCausland discusses a memorandum of understanding with Iran regarding the Strait of Hormuz and nuclear weapons. He notes the Iranian requirement for reconstruction aid and the release of frozen assets. He also touches on the IDF's continued presence in Lebanon, Syria, and Gaza despite regional negotiations. 1The Evolving Robotic Battlefield in Ukraine. Guest: Colonel Jeff McCausland. McCausland explains how drones have transformed the war in Ukraine, effectively cutting off Russian supply lines to Crimea. He discusses the massive casualty rates caused by drones and Ukraine's plan to deploy thousands of ground robots. Meanwhile, Russia faces severe manpower shortages and high casualty counts. 2Structural Fatigue and Leaks on the ISS Zvezda Module. Guest: Anatoly Zak. Zak details the critical role of the Zvezda module, which provides propulsion and life support for the International Space Station. He addresses growing concerns over air leaks and cracks in a transfer compartment. While currently manageable, the cracks reappear despite repeated sealing attempts. 3Almaz: The Secret Soviet Spy Station in Space. Guest: Anatoly Zak. Zak describes the top-secret Almaz program, military space stations camouflaged under the "Salyut" name for reconnaissance. These "spy satellites with men" took high-resolution photos of NATO bases. The program was eventually discontinued because robotic satellites proved more effective and less taxing on human crews. 4Emily Brontë's Dark Inspiration from the Family Vault. Guest: Deborah Lutz. Lutz examines the profound impact of Emily Brontë's mother's death and the construction of the family burial vault beneath the church floor. She argues this underground space fueled Emily's literary obsession with dungeons and graves. Lutz also defends Patrick Brontë against historical claims of severity. 5The Influence of Aunt Branwell and Early Tragedy. Guest: Deborah Lutz. Lutz highlights Aunt Elizabeth Branwell's sacrifice in moving to Haworth to raise the Brontë children, introducing them to cosmopolitan stories. The segment also details the tragic deaths of the eldest sisters, Maria and Elizabeth, from tuberculosis after a harrowing experience at a poorly managed boarding school. 6Imaginary Empires and the Fierce Loyalty of Keeper. Guest: Deborah Lutz. Lutz describes the miniature books the Brontë children created to document their imaginary worlds, Angria and Gondal. The discussion shifts to Emily's domestic life in Haworth, where she balanced household chores with writing. Lutz also recounts Emily's intense bond with her massive, formidable mastiff-mix dog, Keeper. 7Brussels, Poetry, and the Birth of a Unique Voice. Guest: Deborah Lutz. Lutz discusses Charlotte and Emily's education in Brussels, where Emily honed her concise writing style and piano skills. Following their aunt's death, the sisters returned to Haworth and used their inheritance to focus on writing. They compiled their poetry into a volume under male pseudonyms. 8The Bell Brothers and the Collaborative Creation of Novels. Guest: Deborah Lutz. Lutz explains how the sisters published their poetry under the pseudonyms Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell to avoid gender bias. Despite selling only two copies, they immediately began collaborating on their first novels. Lutz also explores the troubled life of their brother, Branwell. 9The Reclusive Genius of Emily Brontë. Guest: Deborah Lutz. Lutz describes Emily Brontë's writing habits in her small bedroom overlooking a graveyard. Despite her reclusive nature and strong-minded personality, she lived a life filled with "joy and contentment" while crafting Wuthering Heights. Lutz notes that her sisters initially found the dark, violent novel strange. 10The Experimental Haunting of Wuthering Heights. Guest: Deborah Lutz. Lutz explores the Gothic structure and experimental narrative frames of Wuthering Heights. She suggests Heathcliff is an extension of Emily's own fierce imagination. The segment concludes with the tragic deaths of Branwell, Emily, and Anne from tuberculosis, leaving Patrick as the family's sole survivor. 11The Enduring Legacy of the Brontës in Haworth. Guest: Deborah Lutz. Lutz reflects on the Brontës' lasting cultural impact and Haworth's transformation into a major tourist destination. She discusses the critical backlash the novel initially faced for its violence. Despite the tragedy surrounding their lives, the Brontës remain buried beneath the church they once inhabited. 12The FBI, Money Laundering, and the Russian Mob. Guest: Craig Unger. Unger interviews whistleblower Jonathan Buma, a former FBI agent, regarding investigations into Donald Trump's ties to Russian intelligence. He claims Trump Tower served as a "laundromat" for the Russian mafia to clean illicit funds through luxury real estate. Unger questions why the FBI failed to act. 13Political Interference and FBI Counter-Intelligence Failures. Guest: Craig Unger. Unger discusses how investigations into the 2020 election and Rudy Giuliani were allegedly stymied. He notes that Giuliani received payments from Russian oligarchs, potentially compromising the Trump campaign. Unger and Buma explore why major intelligence agencies and the Department of Justice have not pursued these leads. 14The Chronic Failures of the Cuban Regime. Guest: Mary Anastasia O'Grady. O'Grady analyzes Cuba's ongoing economic misery and electricity crises, which the government blames on the U.S. embargo. She references the failed 10-million-ton sugar harvest of 1970 as a symbol of the state's incompetence. The regime maintains power through bitter repression and control over food resources. 15The Distortions of Global Wealth Taxes. Guest: Veronique de Rugy. De Rugy discusses how the UK's tax system discourages international athletes from competing at Wimbledon by taxing their worldwide endorsements. She argues that oppressive global tax schemes, such as California's proposed billionaire tax, often result in reduced economic activity and lower wage growth for middle-class workers. 16One correction folded in: the guest is Mary Anastasia O'Grady (not "Anastasio") in file 15.

The Distortions of Global Wealth Taxes. Guest: Veronique de Rugy. De Rugy discusses how the UK's tax system discourages international athletes from competing at Wimbledon by taxing their worldwide endorsements. She argues that oppressive global tax schemes, such as California's proposed billionaire tax, often result in reduced economic activity and lower wage growth for middle-class workers. 161350

Poverty and Economic Stagnation in Developing Nations. Guest: Veronique de Rugy. Veronique de Rugy examines why countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo remain in extreme poverty. She identifies institutional failures, such as a lack of property rights and predatory governments, as the primary causes of stagnation. Growth, she argues, is the only sufficient element to lift people out of poverty. 2

SCHEDULE THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 6-18-26.1922Colombia's Presidential Election and Abel de la Espriella. Guest: Mary Anastasia O'Grady. Mary Anastasia O'Grady discusses the upcoming Colombian election and frontrunner Abel de la Espriella. As a lawyer with multiple passports, de la Espriella positions himself as a disruptor similar to Donald Trump or Javier Milei. He advocates for building mega-prisons to confront gangs and reviving the hydrocarbon industry. 1Poverty and Economic Stagnation in Developing Nations. Guest: Veronique de Rugy. Veronique de Rugy examines why countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo remain in extreme poverty. She identifies institutional failures, such as a lack of property rights and predatory governments, as the primary causes of stagnation. Growth, she argues, is the only sufficient element to lift people out of poverty. 2Advancements in Small Satellite Propulsion. Guests: Paulo Lozano and Amelia "Mia" Bruno. Paulo Lozano and Mia Bruno introduce electro-spray thrusters utilizing green ionic liquid monopropellant for small satellites. This technology allows a single tank to fuel both efficient electric and high-thrust chemical maneuvers. Unlike toxic hydrazine, this fuel is safe and allows satellites greater mobility for Earth observation. 3Future Missions for Miniaturized Space Technology. Guests: Paulo Lozano and Amelia "Mia" Bruno. With an unlimited budget, Paulo Lozano envisions a fleet of autonomous small satellites exploring near-Earth asteroids for scientific value. Mia Bruno aims to use improved propulsion to reach the moons of Jupiter and Saturn much faster than current missions allow. They also discuss performing complex orbital plane changes using chemical maneuvers. 4The Normalization of Crisis in Bolivia. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Professor Evan Ellis reports on the 49-day blockade in Bolivia that is strangling the economy under President Rodrigo Paz. Driven by Evo Morales and indigenous groups, the protests have caused significant GDP shrinkage and business closures. Despite being resource-rich, the country faces a fiscal crisis as natural gas reserves dwindle. 5Security Challenges in Colombia and Political Transitions in Peru. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Evan Ellis discusses the ELN's influence in Colombia, noting that armed group activity has doubled since the 2016 peace agreement. He suggests that restoring security and government presence is vital for the middle class. In Peru, Keiko Fujimori holds a thin lead in a contested election supported by the diaspora. 6The Criminal Landscape in Venezuela and Regional Politics. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis details the rise and fall of the Tren de Aragua gang, which originated in Venezuelan prisons and spread across the Americas. A recent drone strike suggests potential cooperation between the U.S. and the Venezuelan regime to normalize the mining sector. Meanwhile, Brazil's Lula da Silva faces increasing regional isolation. 7Bukele's Security Transformation of El Salvador. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Professor Evan Ellis describes how President Nayib Bukele has dramatically improved security in El Salvador by imprisoning over 90,000 suspected gang members. This "Singapore-like" approach has revitalized commerce and public administration despite concerns over democratic erosion. The capital, San Salvador, now features new construction and increased safety. 8Ralph Waldo Emerson and the Roots of Transcendentalism. Guest: Bruce Nichols. Bruce Nichols discusses Ralph Waldo Emerson's return to Concord, Massachusetts, where he transitioned from a Unitarian minister to a public intellectual. Emerson became a "loadstone" for radicals like Henry David Thoreau, who initially improved his family's pencil business before focusing on nature and philosophy. Emerson's dissent sparked a broader intellectual movement. 9Amos Bronson Alcott and the Transcendentalist Identity. Guest: Bruce Nichols. Bruce Nichols introduces Amos Bronson Alcott, a self-educated thinker who revolutionized education through conversational, Socratic methods. Though his schools often failed financially, Alcott was supported by Emerson and became a key figure in the Transcendentalist movement. Transcendentalism emphasized finding higher spiritual truths or the "oversoul" within the universe. 10Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Literary Circle of Concord. Guest: Bruce Nichols. Bruce Nichols explores Nathaniel Hawthorne's move to Concord and his complex relationship with Transcendentalists like Emerson. Unlike the optimistic Emerson, Hawthorne's fiction focused on human tragedy and the presence of evil. He struggled financially, often competing with popular "scribbling women" for book sales while publishing short stories to make ends meet. 11The Extraordinary Life and Tragic Death of Margaret Fuller. Guest: Bruce Nichols. Bruce Nichols chronicles the life of Margaret Fuller, a pioneering feminist and journalist who served as the first female war correspondent. Fuller's intellectual prowess "wowed" Emerson, though her life ended tragically in a shipwreck off Fire Island. Some scholars believe Hawthorne modeled his character Hester Prynne after her. 12Japan's Energy Crisis and Economic Resilience. Guest: Lance Gatling. Lance Gatling discusses how the Strait of Hormuz crisis has driven Japanese crude oil import prices to record highs. To maintain stability, the government has tapped strategic reserves and subsidized fuel prices while increasing imports from the U.S. Despite the weak yen, Japanese exporters are booming, and the stock market has reached all-time highs. 13Japan's Future in Energy and Artificial Intelligence. Guest: Lance Gatling. Japan is working toward a goal of 40–50% renewable energy and 20% nuclear power by the mid-2030s. Lance Gatling notes that Japan remains a critical link in the semiconductor chain essential for the global AI boom. While circumspect about AI's authority, Japanese companies dominate the hardware manufacturing processes necessary for semiconductor production. 14The Moral Foundations of the American Revolution. Guest: David C. Rose. David C. Rose explains that the American Revolution was driven by men who considered themselves "independents" rather than rebels. Drawing on Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments, he argues that humans crave approval and follow cultural norms. Over time, these norms shifted toward "moral don'ts" or guardrails, fostering a freethinking mindset. 15Guardrails and the Psychology of Independence. Guest: David C. Rose. David Rose argues that the Revolution occurred because the British King violated the "guardrails" of his own power, losing the respect of his subjects. While tax issues were prominent in Boston, a more generalized feeling of disenfranchisement fueled the movement. The Founders ultimately chose independence when the reciprocity of decency and legitimacy failed. 16

Veronique de Rugy argues that the U.S. already has the most progressive tax system among OECD countries, with the wealthy paying a disproportionate share of revenue. She critiques Thomas Piketty's proposal for a global wealth tax and mandated "degrowth," characterizing it as an effort to limit national growth under the guise of climate and social justice. (13)1904 PERSIA

SCHEDULE THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 6-12-2026.1903 PRINCETON UNIVERSITYJeff Bliss describes massive, deadly swells hitting California beaches due to a southern hemisphere storm system. The conversation shifts to Las Vegas, where a massive, highly anticipated In-N-Out Burger recently opened on the Strip. Bliss details the chain's reputation for fresh food, cleanliness, and fair employee wages. (1)Jeff Bliss discusses the surprising results of the Los Angeles City Council primary, where Nithya Raman surged despite initially conceding. He highlights allegations of voter fraud in the Skid Row area and the impact of California's ballot harvesting laws. The segment also touches on Xavier Becerra's lead in the governor's race. (2)Richard Epstein analyzes the legal effort to prevent the removal of Donald Trump's name from the Kennedy Centerfacade. He argues that the Trump-aligned board's appeal lacks legal merit and strength, as removing a nameplate does not constitute irreparable harm. Epstein suggests the judge should consider firing the current board due to bias. (3)Richard Epstein critiques the construction of the Obama Center in Chicago, lamenting the destruction of 800 historical trees and the seizure of public land. He describes the project's design as a "monstrosity" with a flawed traffic plan and expresses concern over the foundation's lack of financial transparency and endowment. (4)Jim McTague reports on a "budget-minded hesitancy" among Pennsylvania consumers despite falling gas prices. He notes a rare layoff notice for 70 logistics workers and uneven retail activity. Meanwhile, a data center project near Costcoproceeds under heavy security, while a similar proposal was rejected by a neighboring borough. (5)Lorenzo Fiori discusses the "disaster" of the Italian national football team failing to qualify for the World Cup for the third consecutive time. The segment transitions to Pisa, highlighting the prestigious Scuola Normale Superiore and recent astronomical breakthroughs involving the James Webb Space Telescope. Fiori concludes with local wine and culinary recommendations. (6)Bob Zimmerman discusses the crew selection for NASA's Artemis 3 mission, which has been simplified to focus on Earth-orbit docking tests. He also examines private sector developments, including German startup Isar's funding, Stoke Space's reusable rocket design, and an orbital servicing mission by Catalyst intended to rescue a decaying NASAtelescope. (7)Bob Zimmerman honors the late Alan Hale, co-discoverer of the record-setting Comet Hale-Bopp. He reviews the historical significance of the first image of the moon's far side taken by Luna 3 in 1959. The segment also explores current cosmological debates regarding dark energy and the existence of "little red dots" in the early universe. (8)Peter Huessy discusses the history of "tactical" nuclear weapons and the 1950s Desert Rock exercises where U.S. troops were exposed to nuclear detonations. He details the health risks soldiers faced and parallels these actions with Sovietmaneuvers, highlighting the "ludicrous" idea of trying to operate militarily in a post-detonation environment. (9)Peter Huessy explains that Russia views low-yield, tactical nuclear weapons as usable battlefield tools to achieve victory or coerce opponents. He contrasts this with U.S. doctrine, which keeps such weapons under central command. Huessywarns of the lack of transparency regarding China's dual-use nuclear capabilities and Russia's "reckless" potential to use these weapons. (10)Colonel Jeff McCausland discusses stalled negotiations with Iran, noting the heavy influence of the Revolutionary Guard Corps over the diplomatic process. He analyzes the military difficulty of seizing Kharg Island and the profound impact of Ukrainian drones on the Russian front, suggesting that drone saturation has leveled the battlefield and interdicted Russian resupply lines. (11)Jeff McCausland draws parallels between the performative style of Civil War General Jeb Stuart and current Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth. He critiques Hegseth's recent speeches in Singapore, Normandy, and Guantanamo, arguing they prioritize individual image over grand strategy and mark significant, potentially transactional shifts in long-standing U.S. foreign policy toward Taiwan and European allies. (12)Veronique de Rugy argues that the U.S. already has the most progressive tax system among OECD countries, with the wealthy paying a disproportionate share of revenue. She critiques Thomas Piketty's proposal for a global wealth tax and mandated "degrowth," characterizing it as an effort to limit national growth under the guise of climate and social justice. (13)Mary Anastasia O'Grady questions the delay in scheduling Venezuelan elections under Delcy Rodriguez. She reports that over 400 political prisoners remain held, and the notorious Helicoide prison remains operational despite contradictory claims. O'Grady notes that the regime lacks the political will to allow a free press or fair electoral body to organize. (14)Conrad Black emphasizes the vital economic ties between the U.S. and Canada, noting Canada provides 25% of U.S.aluminum and 20% of its uranium. He expresses confidence that Prime Minister Mark Carney will build necessary oil pipelines to both coasts to benefit the Canadian economy, despite opposition from environmental groups and Carney's own "green instincts." (15)Francis Rose discusses the U.S. military's efforts to integrate AI by "gamifying" systems to make them intuitive for young, video-game-literate service members. He also highlights CISA's work in rebuilding its workforce to protect private-sector cyber infrastructure and the Army's Joint Innovation Outpost, which aims to accelerate the transition of technology from private inventors to the battlefield. (16)One name correction: (2) Nithia Raman → Nithya Raman (established style for the LA city council member).

Preview for Later Today: Veronique de Rugy examines Thomas Piketty's "degrowth" plan, which uses a global wealth tax to cap income. The proposal seeks to shrink manufacturing and leisure sectors to address global inequality and climate change.1807 TILSIT

Veronique de Rugy critiques the feasibility of single-payer healthcare in America. Citing Vermont's failed experiment, she highlights the astronomical tax increases required to fund such systems. De Rugy argues that government-run healthcare leads to rationing and stifles the medical innovation currently driven by the American private market.1949

SHOW SCHEDULE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 6-4-2026.1671. Evan Ellis discusses the crisis in Bolivia, where President Rodrigo Paz appointed a new defense minister to counter blockades by Evo Morales's supporters and coca growers. These paramilitary-style tactics have isolated La Paz, causing severe shortages. Ellis analyzes the military's hesitation and the influence of illicit interests on the unrest. Evan Ellis examines upcoming elections in Peru and Colombia. In Peru, hard-left candidate Roberto Sanchezchallenges Keiko Fujimori, raising concerns about radical constitutional changes. In Colombia, security-focused newcomer Abelardo de la Espriella leads against leftist Iván Cepeda, reflecting public frustration with the government's failure to manage internal security. Evan Ellis details regional tensions: former Mexican President AMLO accuses Washington of interference regarding corruption probes into his party. In Cuba, the U.S. employs "carrots and sticks" to pressure the regime. Meanwhile, Brazil's election intensifies as the Trump administration backs Flavio Bolsonaro while imposing trade tariffs on Lula's government. Evan Ellis discusses Argentine President Javier Milei's push for unregulated AI development to attract tech investment, highlighted by Peter Thiel's move to Buenos Aires. The segment also covers social unrest in Mexicoas it prepares to host the World Cup, emphasizing the high costs and potential for disruption. Anatol Lieven analyzes Ukrainian drone strikes on St. Petersburg, which damaged energy infrastructure and embarrassed the Kremlin during an economic forum. Lieven observes that the war has evolved into a "battle of drones," undermining Russia's imperial image and increasing internal pressure on Putin as his original strategic goals remain unfulfilled. Anatol Lieven discusses the civil unrest following the murder of Henry Novak in England. He critiques the police response and explains how Nigel Farage is exploiting the tragedy to fuel nationalist sentiment. Additionally, Lieven assesses the political decline of Keir Starmer and the potential rise of Andy Burnham. Mary Anastasia O'Grady explores the ideological battle in the Andean region. She describes Evo Morales's efforts to paralyze Bolivia through road blockades. O'Grady also analyzes the electoral shifts in Peru and Colombia, where voters increasingly favor right-wing candidates who promise security and economic stability over hard-left institutional change. Veronique de Rugy critiques the feasibility of single-payer healthcare in America. Citing Vermont's failed experiment, she highlights the astronomical tax increases required to fund such systems. De Rugy argues that government-run healthcare leads to rationing and stifles the medical innovation currently driven by the American private market. Professor Andrew Bayliss discusses the origins and geography of Sparta, a fertile but mountain-locked valley. He explains the unique dual kingship and the Spartan "plantation cult" society, which relied on the brutal enslavement of the Helots. Bayliss also notes early military overconfidence, exemplified by their defeat at Tegea. Professor Andrew Bayliss introduces the primary sources for Spartan history: Herodotus, who recorded epic narratives; Thucydides, who focused on clinical analysis and the "Thucydides Trap"; and Xenophon, a student of Socrates who continued Thucydides' unfinished history. Each historian provided a distinct perspective on Sparta's rise and fall. Professor Andrew Bayliss describes the "brutal barracks life" of Spartan education, beginning at age seven. Boys endured physical hardship and were encouraged to steal food to prepare for combat. Women also underwent athletic training to produce strong warriors. This rigorous system created a highly disciplined citizen elite. Professor Andrew Bayliss analyzes the Persian Wars, noting that while Thermopylae created the Spartanlegend, the naval victory at Salamis was strategically decisive. Following the war, Sparta retreated into isolationism due to internal scandals, allowing Athens to transform its defensive alliance into a powerful, tribute-collecting maritime empire. Simon Constable reports from France on volatile commodity markets. While copper prices suggest economic growth, the continued closure of the Strait of Hormuz threatens to spike oil prices and trigger global economic downgrades. Constable also provides updates on regional weather and the health of his puppy, Lyra. Simon Constable discusses the political instability in Britain, where Andy Burnham seeks to challenge Prime Minister Keir Starmer. The segment also covers the tragic death of Henry Novak, which has ignited debates over migration and policing, with Nigel Farage utilizing the crisis to bolster his Reform Party's influence. Rick Fisher warns of the rapid militarization of the Earth-Moon system. He highlights China's dual-use space program, run by the People's Liberation Army, and the U.S. Space Command's shift toward "offensive space control." Both powers are deploying lunar vehicles to establish and protect territory in cis-lunar space. Rick Fisher discusses China's 100-year plan to dominate the solar system, specifically the Lunar South Pole's resources. He describes potential "de-confliction" issues as China uses crashing propulsion modules for landings. Fisher concludes that space is becoming an active war-fighting domain involving orbital, electronic, and cyber warfare.

REVIEW: Guest Veronique de Rugy critiques the single-payer healthcare model. She argues that European systems "free-ride" on American pharmaceutical and technological innovations, which are driven by the U.S. system's profit motives.

(6) Veronique de Rugy discusses a proposed California tax on billionaires, warning it will drive high earners away and reduce state revenue, while a competing initiative seeks to protect regular citizens' savings from taxation.1890 NEWLYWEDS

SCHEDULE THE JBS, 5-29-26.457 THE AMBROSIAN ILIAD.(1) Jeff Bliss discusses the Los Angeles mayoral race between incumbent Karen Bass, who faces criticism over homelessness and crime, and unconventional candidate Spencer Pratt, who utilizes social media and "guerrilla campaigning" to gain traction.(2) Jeff Bliss highlights Las Vegas's pursuit of an NBA team to complete its status as a global sports capital, while the Fertitta family acquires Caesar's Palace, consolidating power among the city's casino billionaires.(3) Professor Richard Epstein analyzes the legal history of birthright citizenship and Donald Trump's executive order, arguing that the 14th Amendment has been misinterpreted and that the child's status should depend on the parent's.(4) Professor Richard Epstein describes the Trump administration's $1.776 billion "slush fund" as a fraudulent private agreement, noting that despite its likely illegality, legal standing requirements make it difficult for anyone to successfully challenge.(5) Jim McTague reports on Lancaster County's economy, noting record-breaking gasoline sales at Costco despite rainy weather, the rise of retirement-driven healthcare, and local "Luddite" opposition to a proposed data center in Columbia.(6) Veronique de Rugy discusses a proposed California tax on billionaires, warning it will drive high earners away and reduce state revenue, while a competing initiative seeks to protect regular citizens' savings from taxation.(7) Bob Zimmerman examines a massive Blue Origin rocket explosion that has grounded the New Glenn program and delayed NASA's Artemis missions, leaving SpaceX as the only viable private partner for immediate lunar goals.(8) Bob Zimmerman discusses mysterious subsurface changes in the sun and conflicting data regarding water ice at the lunar South Pole, while highlighting Mars' "brain terrain" as evidence of significant near-surface ice deposits.(9) Francis Rose details the Department of Veterans Affairs' ambitious rollout of a new electronic health record system in Michigan, aiming for a seamless "enlistment to grave" digital history for every member of the military.(10) Francis Rose explores the security risks of electronic health records, explaining how nation-states like China seek bulk data for espionage and how the government utilizes "zero trust" technology to deter sophisticated machine-speed hacks.(11) Gene Marks reports from Nashville that mid-market companies are aggressively adopting AI to supplement labor shortages rather than replace workers, while also navigating the complexities of receiving refunds for previously paid tariffs.(12) Gene Marks questions surveys claiming 93% small business growth and dismisses claims that AI will eliminate white-collar jobs soon, asserting that human workers will naturally adapt to new technology as they have historically.(13) Henry Sokolski argues that no inherent "right to enrichment" exists under the NPT, warning that Iran's nuclear ambitions and regional power plants create dangerous targets and risk a "hot spot" of nuclear-armed nations.(14) Henry Sokolski discusses Russia's "gray warfare" tactics against NATO, including drone provocations and sabotage of European infrastructure, warning that the United States is not taking these threats seriously enough compared to Europe.(15) Conrad Black discusses Alberta's threat to secede from Canada if the federal government blocks oil pipelines, detailing the political maneuvering between Premier Danielle Smith, indigenous groups, and Prime Minister candidate Mark Carney.(16) Lorenzo Fiori reports on a record-breaking Italian heat wave and the poor market reception of Ferrari's new electric vehicle, while noting that affordable Chinese EVs are rapidly becoming the top-selling cars in Italy.

Veronique de Rugy argues that tariffs function as taxes paid by Americans, with costs passing to consumers at a 96% rate. Despite promises to revive manufacturing, employment in that sector has continued to decline. The policy is described as a "catastrophe" resulting in billions in unconstitutional levies that require federal refunds. (13/16)1921 WALL STREET

SCHEDULE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 5-21-2026.1943 USA INFORMATION WAR.Anatol Lieven discusses the resignation of Latvia's Prime Minister following air defense failures. Ukrainian drones targeting Russia have been transiting Baltic airspace, leading to Russian threats of retaliation. Lieven explores the risk of unintended escalation between NATO and Russia amidst suspicions of Baltic-Ukrainian cooperation regarding these drone flight paths. (1/16)Following meetings in Beijing, Vladimir Putin seeks to finalize a gas pipeline to China to offset lost European markets. Anatol Lieven notes that while trade in dual-use technology grows, China remains cautious about full military escalation. Russia's involvement in the Iran and Ukraine wars complicates its position, as it lacks spare weaponry for Iran. (2/16)Russia has resumed military cargo shipments to Syria for the first time since the al-Sharaa government took power. Ahmad Sharawi explains that President al-Sharaa is balancing relations with Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine to rebuild his military. Tensions remain regarding the integration of foreign jihadist groups, such as al-Qaeda affiliates, into the new Syrian army. (3/16)Mary Anastasia O'Grady reports that the U.S. has imposed sanctions on GAESA, a shadowy military-controlled conglomerate dominating 70% of Cuba's economy. The company manages retail, ports, and foreign currency, including billions allegedly gained through human trafficking of medical personnel. These financial restrictions aim to pressure the regime toward democratic transition and have already impacted foreign investors. (4/16)Evan Ellis reports that Bolivia faces nationwide protests and blockades over austerity measures and fuel shortages. President Rodrigo Paz attempts reconciliation, but former President Evo Morales is accused of destabilizing the government to avoid child trafficking prosecution. While La Paz faces resource shortages, the eastern lowlands remain calm, highlighting a deep regional and political divide. (5/16)Evan Ellis characterizes protests in Bolivia as an organized "coup in motion" funded by coca growers' unions. Figures like Evo Morales and rivals within the government benefit from dismantling reforms. The instability threatens counter-drug efforts and allows criminal organizations to flourish while the government struggles to maintain order amidst resource blockades. (6/16)Evan Ellis reports that the U.S. Justice Department has indicted 94-year-old Raul Castro for the 1996 murder of "Brothers to the Rescue" pilots. The indictment serves as leverage in transition negotiations. Meanwhile, Russia and China pledge support to Cuba, and the arrival of a U.S. aircraft carrier signals a potential shift toward selective military pressure. (7/16)Evan Ellis reports that Venezuela has surrendered Alex Saab, Nicolas Maduro's former bagman, to the U.S. for prosecution. Saab possesses critical information on illicit financial flows involving Iran, Cuba, and Colombia. Delcy Rodriguez's decision to extradite him suggests a complex internal power play to appease Washington while eliminating her own political rivals. (8/16)Peter Mauch explores the early life of Hideki Tojo, focusing on his failed 1945 suicide attempt and the military code prohibiting the disgrace of surrender. Born into a samurai-descended family, Tojo's ambitions were fueled by the perceived mistreatment of his father by a cronyist military system, leading him to excel academically. (9/16)Peter Mauch explains that during the 1930s, the Japanese army split into the "Imperial Way" and "Control" factions. The Imperial Way prioritized morale and the Emperor, while Tojo's Control faction advocated for "total war" preparation involving all state resources. This rivalry turned murderous, culminating in assassinations and coup attempts against the civilian government. (10/16)Peter Mauch explains that in 1937, the Marco Polo Bridge incident sparked conflict between Japan and China. While Tokyo sought de-escalation, the Kwantung Army, including Tojo, pushed for escalation and conquest. Chiang Kai-shek's refusal to surrender drew the Japanese military into a "quicksand" interior, creating an inescapable and draining quagmire for the army. (11/16)Peter Mauch explains that as War Minister, Tojo—nicknamed "The Razor"—instilled iron discipline within the fractious Japanese army to earn the Emperor's favor. He consolidated political power by centralizing military communication and cashiering insubordinate officers. Meanwhile, Japan eyed the defenseless Southeast Asian colonies of European powers, determined not to "miss the bus." (12/16)Veronique de Rugy argues that tariffs function as taxes paid by Americans, with costs passing to consumers at a 96% rate. Despite promises to revive manufacturing, employment in that sector has continued to decline. The policy is described as a "catastrophe" resulting in billions in unconstitutional levies that require federal refunds. (13/16)Sadanand Dhume reports that the BJP's landslide victory in West Bengal marks a significant defeat for longtime leader Mamata Banerjee. Her neglect of the economy and corruption allegations led to her ouster. This victory signals Narendra Modi's regained political strength, cracking opposition bastions and positioning India as a vital alternative in global supply chains. (14/16)Anatoly Zak reports that despite sanctions and corruption scandals, Russia successfully launched the Soyuz-5 rocket, a joint project with Kazakhstan designed to replace Ukrainian technology. While international commercial prospects have vanished, Russia is pivoting toward domestic military payloads. Development continues on the Angara family of rockets, though the program faces significant spacecraft production delays. (15/16)Anatoly Zak reports that Russia has successfully tested the Sarmat, a heavy liquid-propellant ICBM designed to target the United States. Capable of carrying up to 20 maneuverable warheads, it replaces the Ukrainian-built "Satan" missile. While technologically complex and using toxic propellants, it represents Russia's commitment to maintaining a formidable strategic nuclear deterrent. (16/16)Notes: corrected "Akmed Sharawari" → Ahmad Sharawi; "Alshara" → al-Sharaa (Syrian president). Flag if you prefer alternate transliterations.

PREVIEW for Later Today: Veronique de Rugy explains that American consumers bear the full cost of Trumpadministration tariffs. These taxes make domestic manufacturing more expensive and products less affordable, contradicting claims that the policy would benefit the economy.1800 OYSTER STAND NYC

SCHEDULE OF THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 5-7-2026.1945 BERLIN.Ian Buruma discusses his book Stay Alive, focusing on his father Leo's 1943 decision to enter mandatory labor in a Berlin factory to protect his parents from Nazi retaliation. The narrative explores Berlin's transition from a striving capital into a city facing bombings, malnutrition, and lice. (1/16)Ian Buruma describes Joseph Goebbels as a master propagandist who used entertainment to distract Berliners from wartime horrors. He explains "unpolitical" as a psychological justification for ignoring Nazi atrocities. The segment also details the complex Nuremberg racial laws used to systematically categorize and persecute Jewish populations. (2/16)Ian Buruma defines the wartime greeting "Stay Alive" and profiles resistors like von Moltke. He discusses jazz guitarist Coco Schumann, who survived Auschwitz by playing in a band while others were executed. The segment also covers the Wannsee Conference, where the "final solution" was organized. (3/16)Ian Buruma details the "U-boats," young Jews living clandestine lives in Berlin without legal papers. He describes the city's descent into lawlessness following the defeat at Stalingrad. Survival became transactional, relying on the goodwill or opportunism of strangers in a society where Hitler was the law. (4/16)Ian Buruma examines the failure of strategic bombing to break civilian morale, which instead fostered solidarity. He recounts his father's letters from a Berlin labor barracks, describing the harsh conditions of malnutrition and vermin. He also highlights diaries showing how individuals navigated the criminal regime. (5/16)Ian Buruma discusses the moral dilemmas of survival, focusing on Stella Kübler, who betrayed other Jews to save her parents from Auschwitz. He asserts that information about the Holocaust was widely available via the BBC and soldiers' letters, meaning that for many Berliners, ignorance was a choice. (6/16)Ian Buruma recounts the final months of the war, dominated by Goebbels' "death cult" propaganda and the film Colberg. He describes the trial of resistor von Moltke, who stood up to the sadistic judge Roland Freisler, and the eventual bombing of the court that killed the judge. (7/16)Ian Buruma details the Soviet occupation of Berlin, characterized by mass looting and rape. He tracks the fates of his book's protagonists: his father Leo narrowly escaped execution by a Russian soldier, while resistance leader Borchardtwas tragically killed by a stray shot after liberation. (8/16)Anatol Lieven analyzes China's diplomatic strategy, noting Beijing's desire for a Trump-Xi summit despite Middle Eastern conflicts. China aims to manage trade tariffs and stabilize Taiwan relations, believing that U.S. involvement in external wars may ultimately weaken American alliances in Asia and strengthen China's regional standing. (9/16)Anatol Lieven analyzes reports of Vladimir Putin operating from bunkers to avoid precision strikes. He discusses Ukraine's emergence as a "drone war startup" and the resulting economic strain. Lieven notes that while the frontline remains frozen, Russian public support for the conflict is beginning to crumble. (10/16)Rick Fisher reveals China's plans to double the size of the Tiangong space station by 2030. He warns of its military dual-use potential, suggesting the station and Shuntan telescope could serve as orbital "battle stations" for surveillance or strikes, providing China with a significant new strategic deterrent. (11/16)Rick Fisher explores the militarization of the Moon, citing Chinese interest in lunar radar and "moon hoppers" for resource discovery. He describes a technological competition with the U.S. involving nuclear power plants, lasers, and satellite constellations intended for both peaceful research and potential offensive or defensive combat. (12/16)Veronique de Rugy critiques government-matched savings plans like the "Trump IRA." She argues these technocratic fixes add to the national debt without addressing core tax code flaws. She highlights how high penalties for early withdrawals and payroll taxes effectively discourage lower-income workers from saving for the future. (13/16)Jim McTague examines the AI boom, noting the high valuation of DeepSeek and its use of black-market chips. He discusses a lawsuit against Character AI for unlicensed medical advice and the economic impact of data centers, which provide local tax revenue but consume significant real estate. (14/16)Ken Croswell describes the Milky Way's structure as a barred spiral galaxy. He explains that the central bar exerts massive gravitational force. This gravity has trapped billions of "Trojan stars" into two vast whirlpools, similar to how Jupiter's gravity captures Trojan asteroids in its orbit. (15/16)Ken Croswell details the discovery of the "Hercules stream," stars resonating with the galaxy's central bar. He notes that as the bar's rotation slows, there is a 20% chance Earth's solar system will join this "exclusive club" of Trojan stars in two billion years, changing our galactic position. (16/16)

Veronique de Rugy critiques government-matched savings plans like the "Trump IRA." She argues these technocratic fixes add to the national debt without addressing core tax code flaws. She highlights how high penalties for early withdrawals and payroll taxes effectively discourage lower-income workers from saving for the future. (13/16)1935 NUREMBERG

16. Headline: The Marriage Penalty: How Welfare Policies Undermine Stable Families Guest: Veronique de RugySummary: Current US government policies create a "marriage penalty" that discourages low-income couples from marrying to avoid losing welfare benefits. Veronique de Rugy argues that these incentives contribute to a decline in intact marriages, which has significant negative long-term effects on children's education and achievement. 161880 WIEN 

SCHEDULE THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 4-30-261880 WIEN STOCK EXCHANGE1. Headline: Peru's Electoral Uncertainty and the Simmering Falklands Dispute Guest: Professor Evan EllisSummary: Professor Ellis discusses Peru's presidential election, where leftist Roberto Sanchez has unexpectedly surged into a runoff against Keiko Fujimori. The conversation also covers a leaked Pentagon memo that has reignited the Falklands/Malvinas dispute, suggesting a potential shift in US policy toward supporting Argentine claims. 12. Headline: China's Economic Coercion and the Struggle for Panama's Ports Guest: Professor Evan EllisSummary: China is applying significant economic pressure on Panama after a Chinese shipping giant was removed from port operations. The US and regional allies have issued a joint statement opposing this coercion, highlighting the broader geopolitical struggle over control of the Panama Canal and international shipping lanes. 23. Headline: Mexican Cartel Indictments and the Irony of Venezuelan Authoritarianism Guest: Professor Evan Ellis Summary: The US has taken the unprecedented step of indicting a sitting Mexican governor for cartel ties, complicating relations during USMCA negotiations. Meanwhile, in Venezuela, the US has helped remove Maduro but continues to engage with the remaining dictatorship for oil, leaving the democratic opposition marginalized. 34. Headline: Colombia's Pivotal Election: A Choice Between Far-Left and Conservative Paths Guest: Professor Evan Ellis Summary: Colombia faces a critical election with far-left candidate Ivan Cepeda leading in early polls. Professor Ellis analyzes the contest between Cepeda and conservative candidates, noting that the outcome will determine Colombia's future regarding the rule of law and its strategic relationship with the United States. 45. Headline: Japan's Energy Fragility Amid the Straits of Hormuz Crisis Guest: Lance Gatling Summary: Japanfaces extreme pressure as 95% of its energy is imported, mostly through the volatile Straits of Hormuz. Prime Minister Takichi Sai is navigating this crisis by releasing strategic reserves and managing inflation, while the Bank of Japanmaintains an independent course on interest rates. 56. Headline: Japan's Strategic Awakening and Regional Threats from China and Russia Guest: Lance GatlingSummary: The war in Ukraine has fundamentally altered Japanese strategic thinking, particularly regarding its northern borders with Russia. Japan is adopting a more hawkish stance toward China's ambitions in Taiwan while facing the logistical challenge of shifting its energy dependency from Middle Eastern crude to American alternatives. 67. Headline: The "K-Shaped" American Economy: War, AI, and Inflationary Pressures Guests: Alan Tonelson and Jim McTague Summary: Experts describe a robust but uneven American economy where defense spending and an AIinvestment bubble are stimulating manufacturing. While wealthy sectors thrive, high inflation and energy costs create a "K-shaped" recovery, raising concerns about social cohesion and the long-term sustainability of current growth. 78. Headline: The AI Revolution: Job Displacement Fears and Massive Energy Needs Guests: Alan Tonelson and Jim McTague Summary: The AI boom is driving massive investment in data centers, boosting industries like steel and cooling equipment. While some compare this to the early industrial revolution, a major constraint is the "incomprehensible" amount of energy required to power these systems, potentially putting the US at a disadvantage. 89. Headline: Justice Samuel Alito: A "Practical Originalist" Reshaping the Court Guest: John Malcolm Summary:John Malcolm reviews a biography of Justice Samuel Alito, tracing his journey from a modest background to the Supreme Court. Alito is described as a "practical originalist" who has significantly influenced the court's direction on religious liberty and constitutional interpretation through his thorough and powerful writing. 910. Headline: The Dobbs Decision Leak: Security Risks and Internal Court Tensions Guest: John MalcolmSummary: The leak of the draft Dobbs opinion created an unprecedented security crisis, leading to an assassination attempt against a justice. Sources reveal dramatic internal scenes, including Justice Breyer's urgent plea to release the decision quickly to mitigate the bullseye placed on the conservative majority. 1011. Headline: The Iran Conflict: Strategic Impasse and the Need for Allies Guest: Colonel Jeff McCauslandSummary: The US and Iran are at a total impasse, with the potential closure of the Straits of Hormuz threatening the world economy. Colonel McCausland argues that the Trump administration's "America First" approach has alienated allies whose minesweeping capabilities are essential for reopening the strategic waterway. 1112. Headline: Ukraine's Drone Mastery: Redefining Modern Warfare Against Russia Guest: Colonel Jeff McCausland Summary: Ukraine has become a global leader in drone technology, using innovative systems to neutralize Russian forces and equipment. This technological edge has forced Russia to scale back its Victory Dayparade, signaling a fundamental shift in how modern wars are fought at long distances. 1213. Headline: The Ironclad Bridge: China's Strategic Military Foothold in Serbia Guest: Ivana StradnerSummary: Serbia and China have strengthened their "ironclad friendship" through a free trade agreement and military cooperation. President Vučić is integrating Chinese-made missiles and drones into Serbia's defense, creating a security threat for NATO and providing Beijing with a critical outpost in the Western Balkans. 1314. Headline: Dismantling Free Trade: The Trump Administration's Attack on USMCA Guest: Mary Anastasia O'Grady Summary: The Trump administration is seeking to renegotiate or dismantle the USMCA, preferring protectionist tariffs over a "fortress North America" approach. Mary Anastasia O'Grady warns that these policies will increase consumer prices and damage the global competitiveness of American companies by disrupting integrated regional supply chains. 1415. Headline: Betting on War: Corruption and Insider Trading in Prediction Markets Guest: Josh RoginSummary: Massive bets on prediction markets like Polymarket have occurred minutes before major US military announcements, suggesting widespread insider trading. Josh Rogin highlights potential corruption within the Trumpadministration, noting that investigators have been sidelined while the president's inner circle maintains ties to these platforms. 1516. Headline: The Marriage Penalty: How Welfare Policies Undermine Stable Families Guest: Veronique de RugySummary: Current US government policies create a "marriage penalty" that discourages low-income couples from marrying to avoid losing welfare benefits. Veronique de Rugy argues that these incentives contribute to a decline in intact marriages, which has significant negative long-term effects on children's education and achievement. 16

14. Guest: Veronique de Rugy. De Rugy warns of a looming debt crisis, suggesting the US is passively choosing inflation over necessary spending cuts or tax hikes. She argues that fiscal credibility cannot be restored without reforming Medicare and Social Security, and recommends deregulating healthcare to increase supply and lower costs. 141945 HOLLYWOOD BLVD

SCHEDULE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 4-23-261902 DELONGPRE GARDENHere are your formatted segments:1. Guest: Anatol Lieven. Lieven discusses the Middle East crisis, noting Russia benefits from rising oil prices while China fears global economic instability. Future concerns include potential US retaliation against Europe regarding Ukraine aid and Greenland, alongside upcoming tariff negotiations between President Trump and Xi Jinping in Beijing. 12. Guest: Anatol Lieven. Lieven analyzes UK politics, characterizing Prime Minister Keir Starmer as a "dead man walking" due to record low popularity and scandals involving Lord Mandelson. Regarding Ukraine, he suggests they are achieving a qualified victory by holding the line, though long-term survival is threatened by manpower and funding shortages. 23. Guest: Grant Newsham. Retired Marine Colonel Newsham explains Japan's participation in the Balikatan combat exercises in the Philippines. This shift toward active military training under Prime Minister Takayichi aims to counter Chinese aggression. Beijing strongly opposes this enhanced US-Japan defense link, fearing its combined strategic capabilities. 34. Guest: Titus Techera. Techera reviews Project Hail Mary, calling it a family-oriented film celebrating space exploration and "manly professionalism". However, he highlights Hollywood's decline as streaming and private gaming erode the shared cinematic experience. He notes that traditional "boys' fantasies" have largely defected to digital platforms. 45. Guest: Evan Ellis. Ellis examines Peru's political turmoil surrounding a multi-billion dollar F-16 deal. An interim leftist government attempted to delay payments, potentially seeking Russian or Chinese alternatives. Despite the resignation of two key ministers in protest, the deal currently appears to be moving forward. 56. Guest: Evan Ellis. Ellis details spillover violence in Trinidad and Tobago, where drug flows and gangs necessitated a state of emergency. He addresses Venezuela's opposition leader Maria Corina Machado's delayed return to the country. Additionally, he discusses El Salvador's controversial mass trial of 486 alleged gang members. 67. Guest: Evan Ellis. Ellis discusses a suspicious car crash in Chihuahua, Mexico, that killed four officials, including two CIA personnel. He also covers a diplomatic rift between the US and Brazil involving mutual expulsions of police liaisons, sparked by tensions over former President Bolsonaro and the 2022 election. 78. Guest: Evan Ellis. Ellis reports Panama is seeing increased canal revenue due to Middle East instability, but faces Chinese retaliation for revoking a port concession. China is using economic leverage to punish Panama, pressuring major shipping companies and harassing Panamanian-flagged vessels to discourage resistance to its presence. 89. Guest: Eric Cline. Archaeologist Cline discusses the Amarna letters, focusing on the prolific correspondence of Rib-Hadda of Byblos. He characterizes these ancient conflicts as proxy wars between the Hittites and Egyptians. Cline notes that the regional dynamics of 3,400 years ago strikingly mirror contemporary Middle Eastern geopolitical struggles. 910. Guest: Eric Cline. Cline explores the letters of Abdi-Heba, the ruler of Jerusalem, who balanced local conflicts while appealing to the Egyptian Pharaoh for military aid. The correspondence reveals a world of backstabbing vassal politics and frequent requests for gold, which Egypt occasionally sent as gilded wood. 1011. Guest: Eric Cline. Using social network analysis, Cline maps connections between Bronze Age rulers, identifying messengers as critical "power brokers". He notes the difficulty of identifying specific Pharaohs in the letters. Finally, he discusses the archaeological significance of Byblos and the need for future excavations once regional peace allows. 1112. Guest: Eric Cline. Cline discusses the 1177 BC collapse of the globalized Late Bronze Age network due to drought, famine, and invasions. He emphasizes modern lessons from this collapse, including the need for innovation, resilience, and multiple backup plans to ensure societal survival when complex systems inevitably fail. 1213. Guest: Craig Unger. Unger argues Vladimir Putin is the primary beneficiary of the Middle East conflict as rising oil prices bolster Russia's economy. He describes Donald Trump as a Russian "asset" whose interests align with Putin's. Additionally, he discusses Melania Trump's unusual press conference denying Jeffrey Epstein connections. 1314. Guest: Veronique de Rugy. De Rugy warns of a looming debt crisis, suggesting the US is passively choosing inflation over necessary spending cuts or tax hikes. She argues that fiscal credibility cannot be restored without reforming Medicare and Social Security, and recommends deregulating healthcare to increase supply and lower costs. 1415. Guest: Mary Anastasia O'Grady. O'Grady criticizes the stalled transition to democracy in Venezuela, noting the Rodriguez siblings are "buying time" for their criminal regime. Despite the capture of Maduro, corrupt officials remain in power. She highlights the ongoing threat to opposition leader Maria Corina Machado and the lack of US focus. 1516. Guest: Cleo Paskal. Paskal reports on Super Typhoon Sinlaku's impact on US Pacific territories. She also discusses the fuel supply crisis in the Marshall Islands caused by the Strait of Hormuz closure. Finally, she details the withdrawal of a controversial UK deal to cede the strategic Chagos Islands to Mauritius. 16

In this weekend's episode, three segments from this past week's Washington Journal. First: As millions of Americans filed their 2025 taxes this past week - a discussion with Wall Street Journal reporter Richard Rubin about how the Trump administration is actually scaling back tax enforcement. Then: Congressional hearings began this week on the President's 2027 budget request – including $1.5 Trillion dollars for defense spending. We'll dig into the numbers with Bobby Kogan of the Center for American Progress and Veronique de Rugy from the Mercatus Center. Finally: we end with a conversation with writer and truck driver - Gord Magill on his new book "End of the Road: Inside the War on Truckers." Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

SCHEDULE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 4-16-26.1871-1885 BRITISH IRONCLAD1. Tom Modly joins John Batchelor to discuss the Trump administration's 2027 Navy budget. Secretary John Felin proposes doubling ship production to 34 vessels to expand industrial capacity and secure global oceans.2. Tom Modly explains the Golden Fleet concept, featuring a potential 40,000-ton battleship. He emphasizes naval agility and drone integration on LCS platforms to counter threats from Iranian, Ukrainian, and Russian adversaries.3. Anatol Lieven analyzes Hungary's election, where Peter Magyar defeated Viktor Orbán. This victory could lift blocks on Ukrainian aid, though Hungary remains economically dependent on Russian energy and faces significant corruption.4. Anatol Lieven warns of a looming global recession fueled by oil shocks and Middle East conflict. He describes Donald Trump as a wrecking ball for American international reputation and diplomatic relations within Europe.5. Evan Ellis reports on Peru's election runoff between Keiko Fujimori and leftist Roberto Sanchez. He notes Sanchez's ties to Vladimir Cerron and Cuba, raising concerns about radical leftist governance returning to Peru.6. Evan Ellis details China's deep penetration in Peru, centered on the Chancay port controlled by Cosco. Corruption within Peruvian institutions allows Beijing to dominate strategic sectors including mining, telecommunications, and Pacific maritime routes.7. Evan Ellis discusses the Rodriguez family's control in Venezuela following Nicolas Maduro's capture. He suggests they are slow-walking democratic transitions to exploit oil deals, hoping to outlast the Trump administration's pressure and US midterms.8. Evan Ellis highlights Argentina's economic progress under Javier Milei and Luis Caputo, supported by a new IMF deal. Milei has cut spending to reactivate the economy while the Peronist opposition remains defeated.9. Andrea Stricker discusses Iran's chemical weapons program, including aerosolized fentanyl. Israel has struck research facilities at Imam Hussein University to degrade these capabilities, which Iran co-mingles with civilian academic programs.10. Andrea Stricker emphasizes targeting Iran's chemical supply chain involving China, India, and Mexico. She advocates international pressure through the Australia Group and UN 1540 Committee to prevent Tehran from restoring illicit weapons.11. Joe Pistrito and Phil Swan evaluate the Artemis 2 mission's success. They argue the space race with China drives NASA priorities, despite disagreements on the efficiency of commercial versus government architectures for lunar exploration.12. Phil Swan and Joe Pistrito envision reusable systems landing humans on Mars within a decade. They advocate for infrastructure like mass drivers and space hotels to reduce costs and build a sustainable multiplanetary civilization.13. Simon Constable reports from France on falling energy prices and rising fertilizer costs. He notes the growing popularity of Marine Le Pen as Europe faces economic uncertainty and concerns over Iranian maritime blockades.14. Simon Constable laments the decline of the Royal Navy, noting Britain has more admirals than warships. He criticizes Keir Starmer for resisting military budget increases despite rising threats from Russia and Iran.15. Mary Anastasia O'Grady debunks myths about Cuba's electricity crisis, attributing it to a lack of hard currency rather than the US embargo. The regime prioritizes power for elites and luxury hotels over ordinary citizens.16. Veronique de Rugy addresses common tax myths, explaining that the top 1% already pays 40% of US taxes. She argues that confiscating billionaire wealth would fail to eliminate the massive $25 trillion national deficit.

16. Veronique de Rugy addresses common tax myths, explaining that the top 1% already pays 40% of UStaxes. She argues that confiscating billionaire wealth would fail to eliminate the massive $25 trillion national deficit.1870-1910 OTTOMAN IRONCLAS

Preview for Later TodayVeronique de Rugy debunks the myth that taxing billionaires' total wealth can solve the US deficit. She notes confiscating all their assets would only cover a small fraction of the total debt.1900 CARTHAGE

The Recurring Failures of Industrial Policy Guest: Veronique de Rugy Veronique de Rugy critiques the World Bank for endorsing industrial policies that failed in Japan and China. She warns that government-led protection creates economic distortions and raises costs for domestic consumers.1935 Shanghai

SCHEDULE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 4-14-2026.1874 MONET1. US Economic Resilience Amid Global Conflict. Elizabeth Peek and John Batchelor discuss the surprisingly strong US economy despite Middle East instability. Consumer spending remains robust, wages are rising, and the Trump agenda of deregulation and tariffs is encouraging domestic investment.2. Russia and China's Strategic Calculations. Gregory Copley explains how Russia benefits from rising oil prices and expanded influence in Central Asia. Conversely, China fears regime collapse in Iran and seeks to diminish US global prestige during the conflict.3. The Risks of Puppet Government Models. John Batchelor and Gregory Copley critique the Trump administration's attempt to use Delcy Rodriguez as a model for Iran. They discuss how hardline leaders in Venezuela and Iran prioritize personal survival over national interests.4. King Charles III's Diplomatic Mission to Washington. Gregory Copley discusses King Charles III's upcoming visit to address Congress. The King aims to heal diplomatic rifts between Donald Trump and Keir Starmer, particularly regarding the Chagos Archipelago and Diego Garcia strategic nodes.5. Naval Challenges and Maritime Chokepoints. Grant Newsham asserts that the US Navy can successfully blockade the Strait of Hormuz and manage the Bab-el-Mandeb. He notes China and Russia are encouraging Iran to test American resolve through maritime provocations.6. The Resurgence and Failure of Industrial Policy. Veronique de Rugy criticizes the resurgence of industrial policy, noting past failures in Japan and China. She warns that World Bank recommendations for government-led industry protection often result in economic distortions and higher costs.7. Purges and Divisions within the Chinese Military. Piero Tozzi and Gordon Chang analyze Xi Jinping's recent military purges, including Zhang Youxia. These internal divisions and the removal of operational commanders may hinder China's ability to coordinate a successful invasion of Taiwan.8. Nuclear Deterrence and Battlefield Realities. Peter Huessy warns about the lack of nuclear education among modern policymakers. He discusses Russia's potential use of battlefield nuclear weapons in Ukraine to reverse military losses and Iran's acquisition of Russian missile technology.9. The California Gubernatorial Jungle Primary. Elizabeth Peek details the collapse of Eric Swalwell's campaign following misconduct allegations. The jungle primary system in California creates a risk for Democrats that two Republicans, like Steve Hilton, could face off in November.10. The Electoral Defeat of Viktor Orbán. Judy Dempsey explains how Peter Magyar defeated Viktor Orbán in Hungary by uniting a divided opposition. Hungarian voters rejected corruption and Russian interference, signaling a desire for rule of law and European integration.11. Populism and Energy Subsidies in Germany. Judy Dempsey observes the rise of the AfD party in Saxony, fueled by nationalist fervor among young voters. Chancellor Friedrich Merz faces pressure to address high energy costs and immigration while maintaining transatlantic relations.12. The Strategy of Economic Siege against Iran. Jonathan Schanzer describes the US naval blockade of the Strait of Hormuz as part of a wider economic war. This strategy aims to deplete regime revenue by hundreds of millions daily through heightened sanctions.13. Escalation and Unprecedented Diplomacy in Lebanon. Jonathan Schanzer discusses the IDF's efforts to establish a security zone in southern Lebanon against Hezbollah. Simultaneously, unprecedented direct talks between the Lebanese and Israeli governments are occurring at the US State Department.14. Dismantling Information Warfare in Hungary. Ivana Stradner celebrates Peter Magyar's victory over Viktor Orbán, emphasizing the need to dismantle the state-controlled media apparatus. She warns that Russia continues to use influence operations to support authoritarian leaders in Eastern Europe.15. Iran's Nuclear Ambitions and Fissile Material Extraction. Andrea Stricker outlines the challenge of extracting Iran's 60% enriched uranium from deeply buried sites like Fordo. She emphasizes that permanent peace requires the complete removal of fissile material and centrifuges to prevent breakout.16. Geopolitics of the Strait of Hormuz Blockade. Gregory Copley analyzes the US blockade of the Strait of Hormuz and its impact on global oil markets. He argues the US must ensure the Red Sea remains viable while managing pressure from Saudi Arabia.

14. The Failures of Industrial PolicyGuest: Veronique de Rugy. Veronique de Rugy critiques the World Bank's recent endorsement of industrial policy despite its historical failure in Japan and China. She argues these interventions distort economies and benefit industries over average consumers. (14)887 FRANCE IRONCLAD MARCEAU 2

JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, WEDNESDAY 4-8-2026.1893 ROYAL NAVY IRONCLAD.1. Canada's Shifting Trade Alliances Guest: Charles Burton. Charles Burton discusses China's attempts to enter the Trans-Pacific Partnership using leverage in Canada. He warns that Ottawa's potential support for Beijing undermines the agreement's purpose of excluding non-market, subsidizing economies. (1)2. China Exploits Western Alliances Guest: Charles Burton. Charles Burton explains how Canadian elites are turning toward China due to a distaste for current U.S. policies. This shift benefits Beijing, which presents itself as a stable partner despite its repressive nature. (2)3. U.S. Naval Performance in the Gulf Guest: Rebecca Grant. Rebecca Grant praises the U.S. Navy's successful defense against Iranian missile attacks during Operation Epic Fury. However, she warns that the scale of operations highlights a fleet that is currently too small. (3)4. The New Lunar Laser Race Guest: Rick Fischer. Rick Fischer explains how Artemis 2 demonstrated laser communications, providing denser data transmission than radio. This technology is essential for monitoring Chinese lunar activities as the race to the moon intensifies. (4)5. Global Commodities and Energy Shifts Guest: Simon Constable. Simon Constable reports on volatile energy markets and falling gold prices as the Strait of Hormuz enters a ceasefire. Meanwhile, high copper prices have triggered a surge in organized theft in cities. (5)6. Fragmentation of British Politics Guest: Simon Constable. Simon Constable analyzes the fragmentation within the UK's Labor majority and the emergence of the Green Party. Polling suggests voters are divided among tactical coalitions, making leadership challenges difficult for Prime Minister Starmer. (6)7. Al-Shabaab's Infiltration Tactics Guest: Caleb Weiss. Caleb Weiss details a recent Al-Shabaab prison raid in Somalia where attackers disguised themselves as intelligence operatives. The strategic strike demonstrated the government's persistent security weaknesses despite international support from various partners. (7)8. Jihadist Threats to Congolese Mining Guest: Caleb Weiss. Caleb Weiss reports on an Islamic State attack targeting a Chinese-owned mine in Congo, led by a violent Tanzanian commander. Meanwhile, Nigeria struggles with internal instability as regional alliances like ECOAS continue to fracture. (8)9. Russia Profiteering from Oil Turmoil Guest: Michael Bernstam. Michael Bernstam explains how Russia benefits from high oil prices and the disruption of shipping in the Strait of Hormuz. Moscow uses increased revenues to fund its war efforts while pressuring European economies. (9)10. The Academy's Narrative on Israel Guest: Peter Berkowitz. Peter Berkowitz argues that American universities teach a one-sided narrative hostile to Israel. He claims these institutions overlook historical facts regarding the conflict while ignoring the extremist mission of groups like Hamas. (10)11. Commercial Space and Starship Delays Guest: Bob Zimmerman. Bob Zimmerman analyzes technical reasons behind SpaceX's Starship delays and the Orion capsule's return from the moon. He highlights the transition to private spaceflight as NASA's expensive SLS program faces funding limits. (11)12. Mapping the Outer Solar System Guest: Bob Zimmerman. Bob Zimmerman discusses the superficial knowledge gained from Voyager 2's flybys of Neptune and Uranus. He advocates for better exploration of these alien worlds and Mars to understand our solar system's complex formation. (12)13. Regulatory Burdens at the FTC Guest: Jessica Melugin. Jessica Melugin explains how the Biden administration's expanded merger filing requirements persist under new Republican leadership. These costly regulations act as a de facto tax on businesses, ultimately harming consumers through higher prices. (13)14. The Failures of Industrial Policy Guest: Veronique de Rugy. Veronique de Rugy critiques the World Bank's recent endorsement of industrial policy despite its historical failure in Japan and China. She argues these interventions distort economies and benefit industries over average consumers. (14)15. John Adams and the XYZ Affair Guest: Myron Magnet. Myron Magnet recounts how President John Adams sought peace with France amidst the XYZ Affair. The diplomatic crisis sparked domestic turmoil and intense rivalry between Federalists and Republicans over America's role in Europe. (15)16. The Peaceful Transfer of Power Guest: Myron Magnet. Myron Magnet describes how John Adams secured a peace treaty with France just as he lost the 1800 election. Despite his defeat, his commitment to diplomacy bequeathed a nation at peace to Jefferson. (16)

SHOW SCHEDULE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW 3-26-261920 TROTSKY AND THE ARMORED TRAIN1. John Batchelor and Anatol Lieven discuss how the Middle East conflict impacts the global economy through energy and fertilizer shortages. They explore whether major powers like Moscow and Washington are losing focus on the war in Ukraine due to the escalating crisis in the Persian Gulf. (1)2. Rising oil prices have significantly increased Russian confidence and revenue, providing an extra $150 million daily. However, a potential U.S. ground war in Iran could force a choice between defending Ukraine or the Gulf, potentially allowing China to decisively intervene in either theater. (2)3. Economist John Cochrane warns that government subsidies for high gas prices compound oil shocks into inflation. Comparing current trends to 1979, he argues that price controls lead to shortages, while free-market incentives are necessary to encourage production and efficient consumption. (3)4. Conrad Black notes that while Canadians support regime change in Iran, they view themselves as spectators regarding oil impacts. He emphasizes that closing the Strait of Hormuz constitutes a war on the world, though Canada lacks the naval resources to assist in reopening it. (4)5. This discussion focuses on the unreliability of AI, noting its tendency to "hallucinate" and apologize for errors. Experts suggest the future belongs to those with imagination who can test AI relentlessly, warning of a class divide between AI-savvy workers and those left behind. (5)6. Scientific testing reveals that AI agents can go rogue, potentially compromising private information like bank statements. Despite these risks, participants believe humans maintain an advantage through innovation, as AI merely scrapes existing data rather than creating original, competitive thoughts. (6)7. NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman outlines a mission to establish a permanent moon base by the early 2030s. The plan utilizes commercial providers like SpaceX and Blue Origin to secure the "high ground" and prepare for future Mars exploration before China can dominate the region. (7)8. The lunar race intensifies as China plans multiple settlements to achieve solar system hegemony. NASA aims to leap ahead using nuclear electric propulsion and competitive private contracts, focusing on redundancy and safety to ensure a sustained American presence on the lunar surface. (8)9. Josh Ireland examines the violent roots of the Russian Revolution, where founders were executed for "Trotskyism". He explores the personal rivalry between Trotsky and Stalin, two outsiders whose shared passion for Marxist theory transformed into a decades-long conflict that reshaped world history. (9)10. Stalin built power through patience and bureaucratic alliances, while the charismatic Trotsky viewed him as a "gray blur". Trotsky's failure to grasp practical politics was exemplified by his decision to skip Lenin's funeral, allowing Stalin to position himself as the revolution's rightful heir. (10)11. Stalin systematically marginalized Trotsky by suppressing his speeches and removing his allies from the Kremlin. By labeling Trotsky a "gravedigger of the revolution," Stalin used him as a spectre of failure to justify total control and internal purges of his own peers. (11)12. Trotsky's exile in Mexico was defined by a fatalistic awareness that Stalin's assassins would eventually succeed. Despite the protection of his entourage and famous hosts like Diego Rivera, he realized no individual could withstand an empire's mobilized secret police. (12)13. Guest Cliff May defends the war with Iran as a necessary "war of choice" to deter decades of aggression,. He emphasizes preemptive action against gathering threats and discusses Iran's crippled regional proxies,. (13)14. Guest Mary Anastasia O'Grady examines Cuba's desperate plea for private investment amidst an energy crisis. She warns of the regime's history of exploiting investors and argues that progress requires total democratic regime change,. (14)15. Guest Veronique de Rugy analyzes the $300 billion cost of the Iran war, detailing legislative paths like reconciliation to bypass Senate filibusters,. She highlights the risks of rising inflation and massive national debt,. (15)16. Guest Max Meizlish explores Iran's use of "market asymmetry" and information warfare to manipulate global energy prices,. By denying peace progress, Iran spikes oil costs, providing a significant financial boon to Russia,. (16)

15. Guest Veronique de Rugy analyzes the $300 billion cost of the Iran war, detailing legislative paths like reconciliation to bypass Senatefilibusters,. She highlights the risks of rising inflation and massive national debt,. (15)2024 MEXICO CITY HPUSE SCENE OF THE MURDER, AUGUST 1940, BY A SPANIARD NKVD ASSASSIN.

Hour 2 for 3/12/26 Drew and Elizabeth pray the Chaplet of Divine Mercy (1:00). Then, Veronique de Rugy from the Mercatus Center discusses new tax proposals from Democratic Senators (31:15). Topics: government spending (34:53), left-leaning listener doesn't like the proposals (40:51), and a consumption tax (44:41). Links: https://x.com/veroderugy https://www.mercatus.org/

### HEADLINE: THE TAX CODE ORIGINS OF HIGH AMERICAN HEALTHCARE COSTS SUMMARY:Veronique de Rugy traces modern healthcare expenses to a 1920s tax error and advocates for health savings accounts to restore consumer control and transparency. GUEST: Veronique de Rugy NUMBER: 13 (13)NOVEMBER 1899

SHOW SCHEDULE 3-6-2026APRIL 30, 1789 NEW YORK INAUGURATION### HEADLINE: LAS VEGAS CONSTRUCTION AND THE DECLINE OF WEST COAST CITIES SUMMARY: Jeff Bliss discusses Las Vegas's massive infrastructure projects, including Brightline rail, while contrasting its growth with the "ghost town" atmospheres currently found in Reno and Portland. GUEST: Jeff Bliss NUMBER: 1 (1)### HEADLINE: GAVIN NEWSOM'S BOOK TOUR AND KAMALA HARRIS'S POLITICAL STANDING SUMMARY: Jeff Bliss analyzes Governor Newsom's national media strategy and book tour alongside Vice President Harris's controversial and ill-timed comments regarding the ongoing Middle East conflict. GUEST: Jeff Bliss NUMBER: 2 (2)### HEADLINE: THE WAR POWERS RESOLUTION AND MODERN CONFLICT REALITIES SUMMARY: Professor Richard Epstein explores the history of the War Powers Act, arguing that modern warfare's speed makes congressional deliberative processes difficult and potentially counterproductive today. GUEST: Professor Richard Epstein NUMBER: 3 (3)### HEADLINE: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN WARFARE AND THE ANTHROPIC DISPUTE SUMMARY: Professor Richard Epstein discusses the integration of Claude AI in military targeting simulations and the public disagreement between the administration and the developer over autonomous weapons. GUEST: Professor Richard Epstein NUMBER: 4 (4)### HEADLINE: SPIKING FUEL PRICES AND REVOLUTIONARY HISTORY IN LANCASTER COUNTY SUMMARY: Jim McTague reports on gasoline prices jumping forty cents in Pennsylvania due to war, while noting Lancaster's unique history as the nation's capital for one day. GUEST: Jim McTague NUMBER: 5 (5)### HEADLINE: ITALY'S HIDDEN GEMS: EXPLORING LECCE AND OTRANTO IN PUGLIA SUMMARY: Lorenzo Fiori recommends visiting the "heel of the boot" to experience Roman ruins, Baroque architecture, and local Primitivo wine away from Italy's over-touristed hubs. GUEST: Lorenzo Fiori NUMBER: 6 (6)### HEADLINE: NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND THE FUTURE OF THE NPT SUMMARY: Henry Sokolski addresses China's nuclear expansion and the potential breakdown of the Non-Proliferation Treaty as the U.S. justifies the Iran war as a preemptive strike. GUEST: Henry Sokolski NUMBER: 7 (7)### HEADLINE: TAIWAN'S SECURITY CONCERNS AMID THE MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT SUMMARY: Colonel Grant Newsham explains Taiwan's anxieties regarding energy supplies and how U.S. military success in Iran influences the island's confidence against potential Chinese aggression. GUEST: Colonel Grant Newsham NUMBER: 8 (8)### HEADLINE: GEORGE DOWNING'S 17TH-CENTURY DIPLOMACY AND ESPIONAGE IN FRANCE SUMMARY: Dennis Su details George Downing's 1655 mission to France, where he used Latin to negotiate a secret alliance with Cardinal Mazarin against Spanish influence. GUEST: Dennis Su NUMBER: 9 (9)### HEADLINE: THE RISE OF GEORGE DOWNING UNDER CROMWELL'S PROTECTORATE SUMMARY: Dennis Su explores George Downing's role as Cromwell's intelligence chief and his mission to study Dutch economic success to help transform England into a trading power. GUEST: Dennis Su NUMBER: 10 (10)### HEADLINE: CROMWELL'S DEATH AND DOWNING'S SECRET DEAL WITH THE KING SUMMARY: Dennis Su recounts the "dummy" funeral of Oliver Cromwell and George Downing's opportunistic decision to offer state secrets to the exiled King Charles II. GUEST: Dennis Su NUMBER: 11 (11)### HEADLINE: EXTRAORDINARY RENDITION AND THE RESTORATION OF CHARLES II SUMMARY: Dennis Su describes Downing's betrayal of former allies, his role in capturing regicides, and the grisly display of Cromwell's head at the House of Commons. GUEST: Dennis Su NUMBER: 12 (12)### HEADLINE: THE TAX CODE ORIGINS OF HIGH AMERICAN HEALTHCARE COSTS SUMMARY: Veronique de Rugy traces modern healthcare expenses to a 1920s tax error and advocates for health savings accounts to restore consumer control and transparency. GUEST: Veronique de Rugy NUMBER: 13 (13)### HEADLINE: CHINA'S ENERGY DEPENDENCE AND THE REBUILDING OF IRAN SUMMARY: Max Meish discusses China's reliance on Iranian oil and proposes a U.S. "economic strike force" to stabilize Iran while excluding Chinese interests from reconstruction. GUEST: Max Meish NUMBER: 14 (14)### HEADLINE: THE RISE OF THE PRIVATE SPACE INDUSTRY AND GLOBAL COMPETITION SUMMARY: Bob Zimmerman highlights VAST's private space station, Spanish and South Korean rocket startups, and Japan's recent struggles with repeated orbital launch failures. GUEST: Bob Zimmerman NUMBER: 15 (15)### HEADLINE: WEBB TELESCOPE DATA AND THE BIOLOGICAL RISKS OF WEIGHTLESSNESS SUMMARY: Bob Zimmerman analyzes new asteroid data from Webb and a study suggesting microgravity increases blood clot risks, emphasizing the need for artificial gravity in space. GUEST: Bob Zimmerman NUMBER: 16 (16)

Veronique de Rugy reports that Americans shoulder 90% of tariff costs, which fail to reshore production, hurt low-income families, and cannot offset interest on massive national debt. 13.1936

1945 LAJeff Bliss reports that the FBI is investigating LAUSD's failed AI contract and Superintendent Carvalho's finances, while organized crime steals copper wire and Paramount defeats Netflix for Warner Discovery. 1.Jeff Bliss reports that Governor Newsom's national book tour faces criticism for historical inconsistencies, dismissive comments toward a diverse audience in Atlanta, and unprofessional responses from his press office. 2.Richard Epstein reports that the Supreme Court's 6-3 ruling determined the president cannot unilaterally impose tariffs using emergency statutes without clear Congressional approval or an actual, profoundly disruptive emergency. 3.Richard Epstein argues that tariffs reduce national productivity and cannot replace income taxes, as modern manufacturing requires significantly fewer workers than in the 1950s era. 4.Jim McTague reports that a hotter-than-expected PPI report signals rising costs, leading "gun-shy" consumers to stretch paychecks and avoid impulse buys at supermarkets during a broad economic slowdown. 5.Lorenzo Fiori reports that Italy employs naval patrols to reduce migrant flows while debating "remigration" and promoting smaller historic towns like Arezzo to combat over-tourism in major cities. 6.Bob Zimmerman reports that Jared Isaacman restructured the Artemis program to favor private sector landers, shifting Artemis 3 to Earth-orbit testing due to the SLS rocket's slow launch cadence. 7.Bob Zimmerman reports that scientific analysis suggests the moon's ancient magnetic field was mostly weak, while new imagery reveals nitrogen seas on Pluto and "taffy terrain" formations on Mars. 8.Max Hastings reports that inexperienced British troops on Sword Beach struggled with traffic jams and the shock of combat, often halting to make tea instead of maintaining offensive momentum. 9.Max Hastings reports that conflicting orders and the absence of General Rommel paralyzed the 21st Panzer Division, delaying a decisive counterattack against Allied forces until the British armor landed. 10.Max Hastings reports that experienced desert veterans defeated a German panzer assault, but poor communications and high casualties among the infantry halted the British advance just short of Caen. 11.Max Hastings reports that historians emphasize the disorientation of landings, where survival often depended on a few heroic individuals amidst the brilliant but flawed logistics of the Allied planners. 12.Veronique de Rugy reports that Americans shoulder 90% of tariff costs, which fail to reshore production, hurt low-income families, and cannot offset interest on massive national debt. 13.Veronique de Rugy reports that the Export-Import Bank is using rare earth minerals as a pretext to expand lending authority, primarily benefiting Boeing while failing to use existing China mandates. 14.Henry Sokolski reports that the US navigates Saudi nuclear demands against Iranian restrictions, while the Pentagonpressures AI firms to allow autonomous systems for surveillance and weaponized combat operations. 15.Henry Sokolski reports that military laser tests accidentally downed a border drone, while Russia uses propaganda about NATO nuclear deployments to influence upcoming Non-Proliferation Treaty reviews at the UN. 16.

Veronique de Rugy reports that the Export-Import Bank is using rare earth minerals as a pretext to expand lending authority, primarily benefiting Boeing while failing to use existing China mandates. 14.1939 RIBBENTROP ARRIVES IN MOSCOW.

Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center explains how bipartisan spending on entitlement programs like Social Security and Medicare drives national debt, arguing that American consumers, not foreign nations, primarily bear the economic burden of tariffs. 141908 NYSE

1.Jeff Bliss reports a deadly avalanche in Lake Tahoe claimed nine lives due to dry uncompacted snow, severe storms are causing heavy snowfall at Donner Pass and flooding the Los Angeles River, while Las Vegas faces declining foot traffic and Los Angeles battles rampant copper wire theft. 12.Jeff Bliss covers California's upcoming gubernatorial jungle primary with Democrat Eric Swalwell and Republican Steve Hilton as early frontrunners, Spencer Pratt challenging Mayor Karen Bass in Los Angeles, and Governor Gavin Newsom positioning himself for a 2028 presidential run on an anti-Trump platform. 23.Gene Marks reports that despite a disappointing fourth-quarter GDP growth rate of 1.4 percent and sluggishness in shipping and chemical sectors, small businesses remain surprisingly resilient with optimism above average and continued hiring plans even as AI integration remains limited. 34.Gene Marks discusses the Supreme Court ruling the administration's April 2025 emergency tariffs unconstitutional, leaving billions in collected funds in limbo, though the administration will likely utilize the Trade Acts of 1962 and 1974 to continue imposing targeted tariffs without congressional approval. 45.Jim McTague reports Lancaster County reflects the national 1.4 percent GDP slowdown with flat retail, consumer price fatigue, and plummeting restaurant traffic due to rising costs and weight-loss drugs, while Washington DC lobbying and local health and construction sectors remain strong. 56.Lorenzo Fiori reports the Milan Winter Olympics are proceeding successfully amidst beautiful snow with rumors of a Donald Trump visit for the hockey finals, while extreme weather has caused dangerous Alpine avalanches and the tragic collapse of the historic Lover's Arch on the Adriatic coast. 67.Bob Zimmerman of Behind the Black reports NASA successfully completed a wet dress rehearsal for the Artemis IImission targeting a March 6th launch, while a NASA report classified Boeing's Starliner failure as a severe Type A emergency prompting tighter control as SpaceX competition thrives. 78.Bob Zimmerman reports Japanese private space startup ispace is struggling with severe engine development problems for its lunar landers, while archival images from New Horizons reveal Pluto's bizarre splotched surface and floating ice mountains, and a newly discovered dim galaxy hints at dark matter's vastness. 89.Sir Max Hastings details the daring glider assault to capture the Orne River bridge, where Major John Howard'stroops achieved total surprise, securing a vital link for British airborne and seaborne forces on D-Day itself. 910.Sir Max Hastings discusses General Montgomery's expanded vision for D-Day and the initial chaos of the airborne landings, noting that despite the shambles at Merville battery, paratroopers' bravery confused German defenders and secured the mission's early vital stages. 1011.Sir Max Hastings highlights Major General Richard Gale's calm leadership during the chaotic airborne drops, with success relying on British deception plans and Rommel's absence preventing early German counterattacks against the beaches on D-Day. 1112.Sir Max Hastings describes specialized armored funnies that supported British landings on Sword Beach, noting that while technically successful, heavy traffic and Montgomery's overly ambitious objectives prevented the Allies from capturing Caen on D-Day. 1213.Henry Sokolski of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center critiques the inconsistency of threatening war against Iran over its nuclear program while simultaneously considering a deal to allow Saudi Arabia uranium enrichment capabilities under less stringent international oversight. 1314.Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center explains how bipartisan spending on entitlement programs like Social Security and Medicare drives national debt, arguing that American consumers, not foreign nations, primarily bear the economic burden of tariffs. 1415.Professor Richard Epstein of the Hoover Institution analyzes constitutional limits of presidential authority to fire independent agency officials, discussing historical precedents like Humphrey's Executor and critiquing legal reasoning behind maintaining quasi-judicial independence within the executive branch. 1516.Professor Richard Epstein predicts the Supreme Court may strike down tariffs, arguing that trade deficits do not constitute legal emergencies, while also discussing the potential for the Court to preserve the Federal Reserve'sindependence from executive control. 16

SHOW SCHEDULE 2-13-20261909 BENGAL1.Jeff Bliss discusses Governor Newsom's mixed popularity in California, highlighting failures in housing affordability, rising homelessness, and the costly, delayed high-speed rail project undermining his national ambitions.2.Jeff Bliss reports on Las Vegas's growth as Californians relocate there, the continued success of In-N-Out Burger, and the irony of California's beautiful weather amidst persistent economic troubles.3.Jeff Bliss and Brandon Weichert debate the AI boom, predicting a market correction followed by a second wave where robotics and AI integration fundamentally transform the global economy.4.Conrad Black reflects on former Prime Minister Stephen Harper's conservative achievements and analyzes current leader Pierre Poilievre's similar but more comprehensive vision to rescue Canada's stagnating economy.5.Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center analyzes tensions between the President and the Federal Reserve, warning against fiscal dominance where political pressure regarding debt forces the Fed to lower rates.6.Jim McTague describes Lancaster County's freezing tundra weather, inflation impacting Valentine's Day sales, and a significant financial windfall for local government from a new data center.7.Michael Munger reviews George Selgin's book False Dawn, arguing that regime uncertainty from FDR's arbitrary New Deal policies hindered investment and actually prolonged the Great Depression.8.Michael Munger explains how post-WWII economic recovery defied Keynesian predictions of doom due to the removal of government controls and a massive release of pent-up consumer demand.9.Josh Rogin discusses the trade conflict between the US and India, noting that tariffs were used as leverage regarding Russian oil and Modi's diplomatic de-risking from Washington.10.Josh Rogin analyzes the reopening of trade between Washington and Delhi, suggesting India is returning to a non-aligned strategy despite improved relations and adjusted tariff rates.11.Bill Roggio and Caleb Weiss of the Long War Journal discuss a sophisticated Islamic State drone attack on an airfield in Niger, highlighting security failures by the Russian Africa Corps that replaced US forces.12.Bill Roggio and Caleb Weiss provide updates on Somalia including relative success against Al-Shabaab leadership, while reports confirm Russian deceptive recruitment of Africans for the war in Ukraine.13.Henry Sokolski of the Nonproliferation Policy Education Center analyzes the crumbling Non-Proliferation Treaty, citing Iran's inspection violations and China's nuclear expansion as critical challenges for the upcoming international review conference.14.Henry Sokolski critiques the chaotic government response to a balloon over El Paso, arguing the incident exposes dangerous coordination flaws in America's homeland security apparatus and interagency communication.15.Bob Zimmerman of Behind the Black contrasts SpaceX's routine success with ULA's technical struggles, attributing the booming private space sector and massive investments to a shift toward capitalist models.16.Bob Zimmerman covers ESA's fast-tracked Apophis asteroid mission, a commercial attempt to resÅcue a NASAtelescope, and the contrasting regulatory environments of the UK and New Zealand for space launches.Å

Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center analyzes tensions between the President and the Federal Reserve, warning against fiscal dominance where political pressure regarding debt forces the Fed to lower rates.1930 FDR AND SARA

Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center discusses Kevin Warsh's potential Fed chairmanship, highlighting his focus on price stability and a proposed accord to reduce Treasury pressure on the central bank.1903

2-5-261900 SINGAPORESHOW SCHEDULE2-5-2026SINGAPORE 19401Mary Anastasia O'Grady of the Wall Street Journal discusses the Panama Supreme Court's ruling removing Chinese port contracts, correcting misconceptions about Chinese military control or ownership of the canal.2.Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center argues that while Trump's deregulation aids growth, erratic tariffs and government industrial subsidies create uncertainty, functioning effectively as taxes that hinder the economy.3.Josh Birenbaum explains that while the Forever Fleet ensures Venezuelan oil compliance, long-term stability requires establishing the rule of law rather than indefinite military blockades off the coast.4.Eric Berger details NASA's urgent need for a new Mars telecommunications orbiter, debating between traditional builds or commercial partnerships to meet the critical 2028 launch window for future missions.5.Mary Anastasia O'Grady of the Wall Street Journal discusses the Panama Supreme Court's ruling removing Chinese port contracts, correcting misconceptions about Chinese military control or ownership of the canal.6.Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center argues that while Trump's deregulation aids growth, erratic tariffs and government industrial subsidies create uncertainty, functioning effectively as taxes that hinder the economy.7.Josh Birenbaum explains that while the Forever Fleet ensures Venezuelan oil compliance, long-term stability requires establishing the rule of law rather than indefinite military blockades off the coast.8.Eric Berger details NASA's urgent need for a new Mars telecommunications orbiter, debating between traditional builds or commercial partnerships to meet the critical 2028 launch window for future missions.9.Professor Eve McDonald discusses Dido's legendary founding of Carthage, the city's strategic Mediterraneangeography, and its origins as a wealthy Phoenician trade hub connecting ancient civilizations.10.Professor Eve McDonald covers Carthaginian religion, including the controversial Tophet child sacrifices, and Hanno the Navigator's legendary exploration of the African coast expanding Punic knowledge of the world.11.Professor Eve McDonald explains how the First Punic War erupted over Sicily, transforming former allies Rome and Carthage into bitter enemies competing for Mediterranean dominance and trade supremacy.12.Professor Eve McDonald describes how Hamilcar Barca expands Carthaginian power into Spain to secure silver mines, raising his son Hannibal with military training to eventually fight Rome.13.Anatol Lieven critiques US hypocrisy regarding spheres of influence, comparing the Monroe Doctrine in Latin America to Russia's geopolitical stance toward Ukraine and its near abroad.14.Anatol Lieven discusses Estonia's call for dialogue with Moscow and the need for Europe to develop realistic defense and negotiation strategies regarding Russia rather than relying solely on American protection.15.Professor John Yoo of Berkeley Law compares actions against Venezuela to Jefferson's Barbary pirate war, arguing the executive has broad authority to initiate conflict without prior congressional approval.16.Professor John Yoo cites Hamilton to argue the president is constitutionally designed to act decisively against hemispheric threats like Venezuela, while Congress retains control over funding military operations

SHOW SCHEDULE 1-5-261Mary Anastasia O'Grady of the Wall Street Journal discusses the Panama Supreme Court's ruling removing Chinese port contracts, correcting misconceptions about Chinese military control or ownership of the canal.2.Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center argues that while Trump's deregulation aids growth, erratic tariffs and government industrial subsidies create uncertainty, functioning effectively as taxes that hinder the economy.3.Josh Birenbaum explains that while the Forever Fleet ensures Venezuelan oil compliance, long-term stability requires establishing the rule of law rather than indefinite military blockades off the coast.4.Eric Berger details NASA's urgent need for a new Mars telecommunications orbiter, debating between traditional builds or commercial partnerships to meet the critical 2028 launch window for future missions.5.Mary Anastasia O'Grady of the Wall Street Journal discusses the Panama Supreme Court's ruling removing Chinese port contracts, correcting misconceptions about Chinese military control or ownership of the canal.6.Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center argues that while Trump's deregulation aids growth, erratic tariffs and government industrial subsidies create uncertainty, functioning effectively as taxes that hinder the economy.7.Josh Birenbaum explains that while the Forever Fleet ensures Venezuelan oil compliance, long-term stability requires establishing the rule of law rather than indefinite military blockades off the coast.8.Eric Berger details NASA's urgent need for a new Mars telecommunications orbiter, debating between traditional builds or commercial partnerships to meet the critical 2028 launch window for future missions.9.Professor Eve McDonald discusses Dido's legendary founding of Carthage, the city's strategic Mediterraneangeography, and its origins as a wealthy Phoenician trade hub connecting ancient civilizations.10.Professor Eve McDonald covers Carthaginian religion, including the controversial Tophet child sacrifices, and Hanno the Navigator's legendary exploration of the African coast expanding Punic knowledge of the world.11.Professor Eve McDonald explains how the First Punic War erupted over Sicily, transforming former allies Rome and Carthage into bitter enemies competing for Mediterranean dominance and trade supremacy.12.Professor Eve McDonald describes how Hamilcar Barca expands Carthaginian power into Spain to secure silver mines, raising his son Hannibal with military training to eventually fight Rome.13.Anatol Lieven critiques US hypocrisy regarding spheres of influence, comparing the Monroe Doctrine in Latin America to Russia's geopolitical stance toward Ukraine and its near abroad.14.Anatol Lieven discusses Estonia's call for dialogue with Moscow and the need for Europe to develop realistic defense and negotiation strategies regarding Russia rather than relying solely on American protection.15.Professor John Yoo of Berkeley Law compares actions against Venezuela to Jefferson's Barbary pirate war, arguing the executive has broad authority to initiate conflict without prior congressional approval.16.Professor John Yoo cites Hamilton to argue the president is constitutionally designed to act decisively against hemispheric threats like Venezuela, while Congress retains control over funding military operations.

Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center argues that while Trump's deregulation aids growth, erratic tariffs and government industrial subsidies create uncertainty, functioning effectively as taxes that hinder the economy.1859 FIVE POINTS

Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center argues tariffs act as taxes on Americans, criticizing the administration's erratic implementation for creating damaging business uncertainty that undermines economic planning.1955

Guest: Veronique de Rugy. De Rugy of the Mercatus Center examines the failure of Georgia's film tax credits, noting that productions eventually moved to cheaper locations despite billions in subsidies. She compares this to federal industrial policies like tariffs and Intel subsidies, arguing that government attempts to "pick winners" rarely produce sustainable economic results.1951 JACK DEMPSEY AND MAMIE VAN DOREN

SHOW SCHEDULE1-29-20261942 LANCASTER PA, ARMISTICE DAY IN WARTIME Guest: Anatol Lieven. Lieven of the Quincy Institute discusses breaking news that Vladimir Putin has agreed to a one-week ceasefire on Ukrainian cities following a request from Donald Trump. Lieven views this as a significant positive signal of Putin's desire to maintain good standing with the incoming administration, though he notes that major territorial disagreements remain unresolved. Guest: Anatol Lieven. The conversation turns to the $300 billion in suspended Russian assets. Lieven outlines Russia's proposal to use these funds for reconstruction or a joint investment fund to avoid confiscation, suggesting that suspending rather than lifting sanctions could be a political compromise to secure U.S. Senate approval. Guest: Chris Riegel. Riegel, CEO of Stratology, analyzes Elon Musk's pivot to manufacturing "Optimus" androids, arguing that California's restrictive tax and labor costs are driving the need for automation. He suggests that major retailers like Walmart are poised to replace significant portions of their workforce with robotics to maintain profitability amid rising economic pressures. Guest: Mariam Wahba. Wahba from the Foundation for Defense of Democracies reports on the persecution of Christians in Nigeria by jihadists and Fulani militants. She details a newly established White House working group designed to help the Nigerian government fix security gaps and enforce laws against the perpetrators of this religiously motivated violence. Guest: Mary Anastasia O'Grady. O'Grady of the Wall Street Journal critiques the Trump administration's engagement with Venezuela's acting president, Delcy Rodriguez. O'Grady warns that while Rodriguez is cooperating on oil exports, she remains a "vice dictator" managing rival factions to ensure the regime's survival while stalling on the release of political prisoners. Guest: Veronique de Rugy. De Rugy of the Mercatus Center examines the failure of Georgia's film tax credits, noting that productions eventually moved to cheaper locations despite billions in subsidies. She compares this to federal industrial policies like tariffs and Intel subsidies, arguing that government attempts to "pick winners" rarely produce sustainable economic results. Guest: Michael Toth. Toth of the Civitas Institute warns against new "climate superfund" legislation in states like New York, which seeks to retroactively tax fossil fuel companies for global warming. He characterizes these funds as unconstitutional attempts to regulate global emissions at the state level, arguing they will function as slush funds that drive up energy costs. Guest: Michael Toth. The segment focuses on California's strategy to empower the Attorney General to sue fossil fuel companies for rising insurance premiums. Toth argues these lawsuits are politically motivated and legally weak, noting that even insurance companies refuse to sue because attributing specific damages or deaths to corporate emissions is factually difficult. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis of the U.S. Army War College reports that Cuba is facing a catastrophic energy collapse, with only days of oil remaining after Mexico and Venezuela cut supplies. He predicts this crisis will likely trigger a massive wave of migration as the island's power grid and economy face a near-total shutdown. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis discusses the Costa Rican election, where center-right candidate Laura Fernandez holds a commanding lead. He describes her as a technocrat focused on combating drug-fueled crime and continuing pro-business policies, noting she is on track to potentially win the presidency in the first round. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis evaluates Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum, praising her pragmatic management of relations with the U.S. despite her leftist ideology. He notes she has navigated threats of tariffs and military intervention by cooperating on border security and extradition, while maintaining political dominance through her predecessor's powerful movement. Guest: Professor Evan Ellis. Ellis describes the unstable power dynamics in Venezuela, where the Rodriguezfaction cooperates with the U.S. on oil to prevent economic collapse. He warns that rival criminal factions, including the ELN and military figures, may sabotage this arrangement if they fear being betrayed or marginalized by the current leadership. Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan, author of Rot, introduces the history of the Irish Famine by recounting a folk story about Queen Victoria visiting the devastated village of Skibbereen. He sets the context by explaining how the pre-famine Irish economy relied entirely on the high-yield potato, which allowed landlords to pay incredibly low wages to a capital-poor population. Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan discusses the structure of Irish land ownership, using Shirley Castle as an example of the disconnect between landlords and tenants. He explains that while the landscape looked ancient, landlords were actually modern, sophisticated merchants who extracted rent from a tenant class living on small, unimproved plots known as "conacres." Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan explains the Victorian view of the famine through the lens of economist Thomas Malthus, who believed the "generous" potato encouraged overpopulation. He notes that Britishpolicymakers viewed the famine as a natural, inevitable correction and feared that providing aid would discourage the Irish poor from developing a "civilized" work ethic. Guest: Padraic Scanlan. Scanlan details the biological cause of the famine: Phytophthora infestans, a water mold that originated in Mexico. He explains that because Irish potatoes were genetically identical clones grown from cuttings, they had zero resistance to the pathogen, which destroyed both growing crops and stored food, leaving the population with no buffer against starvation.

THE URGENCY OF SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM Colleague Veronique de Rugy, Mercatus Center. Veronique de Rugy argues Social Security must be reformed before trust funds run dry in the 2030s. She contends the system unfairly redistributes wealth from young workers to increasingly wealthy seniors and advocates for capping benefits or means-testing rather than raising taxes or allowing across-the-board cuts. NUMBER 6

SHOW 12-19-25 THE SHOW BEGINS WITH DOUBTS ABOUTGAVIN NNEWSOM  ON THE AMPAIGN TRAIL FOR 2028... LA 1900 WEST COAST WEATHER AND PORTLAND'S DECLINE Colleague Jeff Bliss, Pacific Watch. Jeff Bliss reports that Nordstrom Rack is leaving downtown Portland, citing high vacancy rates, crime, and homelessness. He also details a massive atmospheric river bringing heavy rain to the West Coast and dangerous Tule fog in California, while analyzing Gavin Newsom's presidential prospects amidst state economic struggles. NUMBER 1 CHINA'S CHIP THEFT AND AI WARFARE RISKS Colleague Brandon Weichert, The National Interest. Weichert discusses China's attempts to upgrade older ASML machines and reverse-engineer chips to bypass sanctions. They also review 2025 lessons, noting that AI in military war games tends to escalate conflicts aggressively toward nuclear options, warning that China may fuse AI with its nuclear command systems. NUMBER 2 ITALY'S ECONOMIC STABILITY AND DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS Colleague Lorenzo Fiori, Il Giornale. Lorenzo Fiori reports that Italy's economy is stabilizing, with debt under control and bond spreads narrowing close to Germany's levels. While northern Italy remains industrialized, the south suffers from depopulation and climate change. Fiori emphasizes the urgent need for government policies to boost Italy's declining birth rate. NUMBER 3 NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND RUSSIAN SANCTIONS Colleague Henry Sokolski, Nonproliferation Policy Education Center. Sokolski criticizes the lifting of sanctions on Russian banks for nuclear projects and highlights the dangers at the Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia plant. He warns against potential deals allowing Saudi Arabia and South Korea to enrich uranium, arguing this brings them dangerously close to bomb-making capabilities. NUMBER 4 LANCASTER COUNTY AND A HOLIDAY SPENDING SLUMP Colleague Jim McTague, Author and Journalist. Reporting from Lancaster County, Jim McTague observes a sluggish Christmas shopping season, with consumers buying practical items like gloves rather than expensive packages. While tourist venues like Sight & Sound Theaterremain busy, he predicts a mild recession in 2026 due to rising local taxes and utility costs. NUMBER 5 THE URGENCY OF SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM Colleague Veronique de Rugy, Mercatus Center. Veronique de Rugy argues Social Security must be reformed before trust funds run dry in the 2030s. She contends the system unfairly redistributes wealth from young workers to increasingly wealthy seniors and advocates for capping benefits or means-testing rather than raising taxes or allowing across-the-board cuts. NUMBER 6 NASA'S NEW LEADERSHIP AND PRIVATE SPACE Colleague Bob Zimmerman, BehindtheBlack.com. Bob Zimmerman discusses Jared Isaacman's confirmation as NASA administrator and an executive order prioritizing commercial space. Zimmerman predicts Isaacman might cancel the crewed Artemis II mission due to safety concerns with the Orion capsule, signaling a shift away from government-run programs like SLS toward private enterprise. NUMBER 7 SPACE BRIEFS: ROCKET LAB AND MARS RIVERS Colleague Bob Zimmerman, BehindtheBlack.com. Zimmerman highlights Rocket Lab's record launches and Max Space's new inflatable station module. He notes a European satellite report on sea levels omitted "global warming" references. Additionally, he describes Martian drainage features that resemble rivers and cites a study claiming AI algorithms are exposing children to harmful content. NUMBER 8 THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC: SULLA TO CAESAR Colleague Professor Edward J. Watts, University of California at San Diego. Watts traces the Republic's fall, starting with the rivalry between Marius and Sulla. Sulla'sbrutal proscriptions and dictatorship traumatized a young Julius Caesar. Watts explains that Caesar eventually concluded the Republic's structures were broken, leading him to seize power to enforce rights, which his assassins misinterpreted as kingship. NUMBER 9 NERO, AGRIPPINA, AND THE MATRICIDE Colleague Professor Edward J. Watts, University of California at San Diego. Professor Watts details the pathology of the Roman emperorship, focusing on Agrippina's maneuvering to install her son Nero. Watts describes Nero's eventual assassination of his mother using a collapsible ship and his pivot to seeking popularity through rigged Olympic victories in Greece before losing control of Rome. NUMBER 10 THE YEAR OF FOUR EMPERORS AND FLAVIAN RULE Colleague Professor Edward J. Watts, University of California at San Diego. Watts analyzes the chaos following Nero's death, where Vespasian seized power after a brutal civil war that burned Capitoline Hill. The segment covers the Flavian dynasty, Titus's destruction of Jerusalem, and Domitian's vilification, concluding with Nerva's coup and the adoption of Trajan to stabilize the succession. NUMBER 11 THE BARRACKS EMPERORS AND THE ANTONINE PLAGUE Colleague Professor Edward J. Watts, University of California at San Diego. The discussion turns to the "barracks emperors," highlighting Trajan's expansion into Dacia and Hadrian's infrastructure focus. Watts describes Marcus Aurelius's Stoic governance during constant warfare and a devastating smallpox pandemic, which forced Rome to settle German immigrants to repopulate the empire. NUMBER 12 SUPREME COURT CHALLENGES TO TARIFF POWERS Colleague Professor Richard Epstein, Hoover Institution. Professor Epstein analyzes potential Supreme Court rulings on the President's use of emergency powers for broad tariffs. He predicts the Court may find the interpretation unconstitutional, creating a logistical nightmare regarding the refund of billions in collected revenues and addressing the complexity of overturning Article I court precedents. NUMBER 13 EXECUTIVE POWER AND INDEPENDENT AGENCIES Colleague Professor Richard Epstein, Hoover Institution. Epstein discusses a Supreme Court case regarding the President's power to fire members of independent boards like the FTC. He fears Chief Justice Roberts will side with executive power, a move Epstein views as an "unmitigated disaster" that undermines the necessary independence of agencies like the Federal Reserve. NUMBER 14 ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN AND CONSUMER SPENDING Colleague Gene Marks, The Guardian. Gene Marksreports on a US economic slowdown, citing contracting architectural billings and falling hotel occupancy. He notes that while the wealthy continue spending, the middle class is cutting back on dining out. Marks attributes inflation to government money circulation and discusses proposals for mandated retirement contributions. NUMBER 15 AI ADOPTION IN BUSINESS AND CONSTRUCTION Colleague Gene Marks, The Guardian. Marks argues that AI is enhancing productivity rather than replacing humans, despite accuracy issues. He highlights AI adoption in construction, including drones and augmented reality for safety. Marks notes that small businesses are eager for these technologies to improve efficiency, while displaced tech workers find roles in smaller firms. NUMBER 16