Podcasts about Burkholderia

The latest edition of the CLSI M100 has been published. What are the latest updates? One of them is the deletion of breakpoints for Burkholderia cepacia complex. What are the recommendations for susceptibility testing? Dr. April Bobenchik returns to the podcast to talk to Luis about the latest updates. She also talks about the M45. Will there be an update to the M45? Tune in to find out. Link to CLSI free resources: https://clsi.org/all-free-resources/Link to webinar: https://clsi.org/standards/products/microbiology/documents/m100/Questions? Feedback? Send those to letstalkmicro@outlook.comWant to support the podcast? Here's how:Venmo: https://venmo.com/u/letstalkmicroBuy me a Ko-fi: https://ko-fi.com/letstalkmicro

Once considered endemic only to tropical and subtropical climates such as Southeast Asia and northern Australia, melioidosis is expanding to non-endemic areas such as the southern US. Climate change is impacting infectious diseases, melioidosis being no exception. Now is the time to inform and prepare: as this Communicable episode's title indicates, melioidosis is going global.Join hosts Angela Huttner and Josh Davis on their in-depth exploration of melioidosis with invited experts Dr. Ella Meumann and Prof. Bart Currie from Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia. Topics range from melioidosis discovery, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches and host risk factors to the disease's expanding endemicity.Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the sapronotic agent Burkholderia pseudomallei and contracted by both people and animals through direct contact with contaminated soil, air or waters. Current burden estimates of 169'000 cases and 89'000 deaths per year are thought to be grossly underreported due to limited access to laboratory diagnostics and lack of clinical awareness. Experts call for melioidosis to be recognized as a neglected tropical disease in order to give this disease the urgent attention and resources it deserves.This episode was edited by Kathryn Hostettler and peer-reviewed by Dr. Goulia Ohan of Yerevan State Medical University, Armenia.Literature Meumann EM and Currie BJ. Approach to melioidosis. CMI Comms 2024;1(1). doi: 10.1016/j.cmicom.2024.100008 Savelkoel J, Dance D. Alfred Whitmore and the Discovery of Melioidosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30(4):752-756. doi:10.3201/eid3004.230693 Limmathurotsakul D, Wongsuvan G, Aanensen D et al. Melioidosis Caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in Drinking Water, Thailand, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20(2):265-268. doi: 10.3201/eid2002.121891 Petras JK, Elrod MG, Ty MC, et al. Locally acquired melioidosis linked to environment—Mississippi, 2020-2023. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:2355-2362. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2306448Howes M and Currie BJ. Melioidosis and Activation from Latency: The “Time Bomb” Has Not Occurred. ASTMH. 28 May 2024;111(1): 156-160. doi 10.4269/ajtmh.24-0007

集體食物中毒事件 jítǐ shíwù zhòngdú shìjiàn - collective food poisoning incident 到目前為止 dào mùqián wéizhǐ - up to now 累積 lěijī - accumulate 食物中毒 shíwù zhòngdú - food poisoning 死亡 sǐwáng - death 加護病房 jiāhù bìngfáng - intensive care unit (ICU) 在急救當中 zài jíjiù dāngzhōng - in emergency treatment 信義區 Xìnyì qū - Xinyi District 美食街 měishí jiē - food street 寶林茶室 Bǎolín Cháshì - Polam Kopitiam (name of the restaurant) 身體不適 shēntǐ bù shì - feeling unwell 腹痛 fùtòng - abdominal pain 腹瀉 fùxiè - diarrhea 拉肚子 lā dùzi - upset stomach 嘔吐 ǒutù - vomiting 噁心 ě xīn - nausea 症狀 zhèngzhuàng - symptom 勒令 lèlìng - order/command 停業 tíngyè - close down/suspend business 進行稽查 jìnxíng jīchá - conduct investigation 粿條 guǒtiáo - rice noodles 河粉 héfěn - flat rice noodles 一時之間 yīshí zhī jiān - for a moment 粄條 bǎntiáo - rice cake strips 調查 diàochá - investigation 檢查 jiǎnchá - inspection 元凶 yuánxiōng - culprit 米酵菌酸 mǐ jiào jūn suān - Bongkrekic Acid 勃克赫德氏菌 bóbóhèdé shì jūn - Burkholderia pseudomallei 菌類 jūnlèi - bacteria 醬料 jiàngliào - sauce/condiment 受到汙染 shòu dào wūrǎn - contaminated 廚師 chúshī - chef 把...保管好 bǎ... bǎoguǎn hǎo - keep... properly 食材 shícái - ingredients 炒粿條 chǎo guǒ tiáo - stir-fried rice noodles (char kway teow) 一直到 yīzhí dào - until 連鎖 liánsuǒ - chain 分店 fēndiàn - branch store 饒河夜市 Ráohé yèshì - Raohe Night Market 仔細 zǐxì - carefully 赫然發現 hèrán fāxiàn - suddenly realize/discover 租屋處 zūwū chù - rental place 正樓下 zhèng lóu xià - right downstairs 竟然 jìngrán - unexpectedly 創始店 chuàngshǐ diàn - original store/founding store 難怪 nánguài - no wonder 招牌 zhāopái - signboard 路邊攤 lùbiān tān - roadside stall 印象 yìnxiàng - impression 可惜 kěxī - pity 爆出 bàochū - burst out 被抓去 bèi zhuā qù - be arrested/taken away 嚇到 xià dào - scared to death Want Taiwanese friends to understand your Chinese instantly?  Ready to effortlessly communicate and blend into Taiwan's vibrant culture?  Join my Chinese Speaking Course!

A vaccine against the bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, that causes melioidosis was tested in a mouse study and found to be highly protective against the disease, according to UCLA researchers. What is Burkholderia pseudomallei? What is melioidosis? And what about this vaccine study? Joining me today to answer these questions and more is Marcus Horwitz, MD. Dr Horwitz is a Distinguished Professor of Medicine, in the division of infectious diseases, and of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. He is also the senior author of the paper on this vaccine in the journal mBio.  

On this episode, Dr. Blair Bigham and Dr. Mojola Omole explore a clinical case involving a rare infection in a returned traveler, highlighting the critical role of travel history in diagnosing unusual diseases. They discuss the case of a woman in her 60s who presented with fever and ankle pain after returning from India. Initial concerns for septic arthritis led to further investigation when standard treatments failed to alleviate her symptoms. Dr. Mara Waters is the lead author of the clinical case entitled “Melioidosis with septic arthritis in a returning traveller,” published in Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ). She details the steps the infectious diseases team took to ultimately identify the infection as caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.Dr. Waters, an infectious diseases fellow at the University of Toronto, describes the challenges of diagnosing and treating melioidosis, emphasizing the importance of considering travel history and the evolving geography of infectious diseases. She highlights the broader implications of climate change on the spread of infectious diseases and the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health.Following the case discussion, Dr. Jeffrey Pernica, a specialist in infectious diseases and tropical medicine, offers a refresher on common infections in returning travelers, such as malaria, dengue, and typhoid. He stresses the importance of considering these more prevalent conditions when evaluating a returning traveller with fever, providing practical advice on diagnosis and management.This episode serves as a reminder of the complexities of diagnosing travel-related infections and the need for clinicians to be vigilant about travel history, especially in the context of global travel resurgence and the impacts of climate change on infectious disease patterns.Join us as we explore medical solutions that address the urgent need to change healthcare. Reach out to us about this or any episode you hear. Or tell us about something you'd like to hear on the leading Canadian medical podcast.You can find Blair and Mojola on X @BlairBigham and @DrmojolaomoleX (in English): @CMAJ X (en français): @JAMC FacebookInstagram: @CMAJ.ca The CMAJ Podcast is produced by PodCraft Productions

Drs. Genevieve Martin, Catherine Marshall, and Bart Currie from the Royal Darwin Hospital share their approach to Burkholderia pseudomallei aka melioidosis!Episodes | Consult Notes | Subscribe | Twitter | Merch | febrilepodcast@gmail.comFebrile is produced with support from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Audio editing/mixing provided by Bentley Brown.

In this final episode of the Nobbling the Nonfermentors mini-series, Jame and Callum discuss the (mostly historical) pathogen Burkholderia mallei, causative agent of Glanders. We did it. We got to the end. Nonfermentors... Nobbled.  Support the showQuestions, comments, suggestions to idiotspodcasting@gmail.com or on X/Threads @IDiots_podPrep notes for completed episodes can be found here (Not all episodes have prep notes).If you are enjoying the podcast please leave a review on your preferred podcast app!Feel like giving back? Donations of caffeine gratefully received!https://www.buymeacoffee.com/idiotspod

In this penultimate episode in the Nobbling the Nonfermentors mini-series, Jame and Callum discuss the regionally important neglected tropical disease Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.This episode was based disproportionately on the following article, and we extend our thanks to the authors for thoughfully publishing it so close to us wanting to do a podcast episode on Melioid!Meumann, E.M., Limmathurotsakul, D., Dunachie, S.J. et al. Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis. Nat Rev Microbiol (2023).https://www.melioidosis.info/Link to prep notes here. Support the showQuestions, comments, suggestions to idiotspodcasting@gmail.com or on X/Threads @IDiots_podPrep notes for completed episodes can be found here (Not all episodes have prep notes).If you are enjoying the podcast please leave a review on your preferred podcast app!Feel like giving back? Donations of caffeine gratefully received!https://www.buymeacoffee.com/idiotspod

In this episode, I was joined by Jeanne Moldenhauer, a sterilization expert to discuss all things gas sterilization. Jeanne and I explore how efficiency is determined by the seal of the container and the type of material being sterilized. Jeanne discusses its application in medical devices, the challenge of permeability, and its comparative cost-effectiveness. Jeanne delves into how the sterilization process works, safety considerations, validation, and the use of gas sterilization in combination products. Lastly, Jeanne discuss sterilization process development and the challenges that come with gas sterilization. 00:23 Deep Dive into Gas Sterilization 00:46 Applications and Limitations of Gas Sterilization 01:51 Understanding Material Permeability in Gas Sterilization 02:29 Gas Sterilization in Medical Devices 06:15 Different Types of Gases Used in Sterilization 07:41 Safety and Environmental Risks of Gas Sterilization 14:14 Understanding the Gas Sterilization Process 18:25 Safety Measures in Handling Gas Sterilization 25:39 Validation and Bioburden Considerations in Gas Sterilization 35:28 Gas Sterilization in Combination Products Jeanne Moldenhauer is subject matter expert on a variety of sterilization and validation processes in the healthcare industry. Jeanne has been very involved in the remediation of contamination issues including: sterility test failures, media fill failures, mold contamination, and Burkholderia cepacia. She also has extensive background in the rehabilitation of companies with negative FDA findings, restoring them to compliance. She has served on the Scientific Advisory Board, Program Advisory Board and Technical Book Advisory Board and was an Interest Group Leader for the Parenteral Drug Association (PDA) (1998-2016). Jeanne has also served on advisory committees for emerging technologies (rapid methods), aseptic processing and sterilization for FDA.

Did you think the  evidence base for Stenotrophomonas was bad? Well allow  us to introduce you to Burkholderia cepacia complex!BCC is pretty niche but a key pathogen in people living with cystic fibrosis. We talk through the (very) limited treatment options and evidence base for this difficult bug.Prep notes for this episode here: https://idiots.notion.site/68-Burkholderia-cepacia-complex-7bba8a7c74df490cb2e91d087a3cdb2aSupport the showQuestions, comments, suggestions to idiotspodcasting@gmail.com or on X/Threads @IDiots_podPrep notes for completed episodes can be found here (Not all episodes have prep notes).If you are enjoying the podcast please leave a review on your preferred podcast app!Feel like giving back? Donations of caffeine gratefully received!https://www.buymeacoffee.com/idiotspod

On this episode, I was joined by Jeanne Moldenhauer, Vice President at Excellent Pharma Consulting. Jeanne talks through the different methods of irradiation like gamma, beta, microwave, x-ray, and ebeam, their respective pros and cons, as well as their environmental impacts. Jeanne also delves into the practical considerations associated with this sterilization method. This includes important factors like product density, cycle development, dosimeters, sterilization and the bioburden. The episode ends with a look at the regulatory approval process, addressing the timeline for validating an irradiation sterilization cycle. 00:22 Understanding Irradiation Sterilization 00:34 Differences between Autoclaving and Irradiation 04:22 The Impact of Product Density on Irradiation 05:09 The Role of Dose in Irradiation Sterilization 06:21 E-beam Sterilization 08:52 Impact of Gamma Sterilization on Different Materials 22:07 The Role of Bioburden in Irradiation Sterilization 30:19 Dosimetric Release 37:31 Gamma Irradiation for Combination Products 41:59 The Process of Validating an Irradiation Sterilization Cycle Jeanne Moldenhauer is subject matter expert on a variety of sterilization and validation processes in the healthcare industry. Jeanne has been very involved in the remediation of contamination issues including: sterility test failures, media fill failures, mold contamination, and Burkholderia cepacia. She also has extensive background in the rehabilitation of companies with negative FDA findings, restoring them to compliance. She has served on the Scientific Advisory Board, Program Advisory Board and Technical Book Advisory Board and was an Interest Group Leader for the Parenteral Drug Association (PDA) (1998-2016). Jeanne has also served on advisory committees for emerging technologies (rapid methods), aseptic processing and sterilization for FDA.

Several major pharmaceutical companies have issued a recall of certain eye drops due to potential contamination. This recall affects dozens of popular eye drop brands, including Visine, Clear Eyes, and Bausch + Lomb. You can find the complete list here.  The recall is due to the discovery of a type of bacteria known as Burkholderia…

On this episode, I was joined by Jeanne Moldenhauer, Vice President at Excellent Pharma Consulting. Jeanne and I discuss: -Steam Sterilization - Moist and Dry Heat -Biological/Chemical Indicators, Placement and Resistance -Cycle Development and Validation -Overkill Cycles vs Product Specific Cycles -Parametric Release of Steam Sterilized Products  Jeanne Moldenhauer is subject matter expert on a variety of sterilization and validation processes in the healthcare industry. Jeanne has been very involved in the remediation of contamination issues including: sterility test failures, media fill failures, mold contamination, and Burkholderia cepacia. She also has extensive background in the rehabilitation of companies with negative FDA findings, restoring them to compliance. She has served on the Scientific Advisory Board, Program Advisory Board and Technical Book Advisory Board and was an Interest Group Leader for the Parenteral Drug Association (PDA) (1998-2016). Jeanne has also served on advisory committees for emerging technologies (rapid methods), aseptic processing and sterilization for FDA.

Alex Liu, a PhD student at the University of Saskatchewan, talks to host Jay Whetter about the canola root microbiome and how it relates to phosphorus availability. She has interesting observations about what happens when you remove the microbiome. (Hint: Plant yield drops dramatically!) Here are the Latin names of the microbes Alex mentions, if you want to look them up: Burkholderia, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Sordariomycetes, Olpidium (Olpidiomycota).

Dr. David Wagner, a professor at the Pathogen and Microbiome Institute at Northern Arizona University, and Sarah Gregory discuss the detection of Burkholderia thailandensis in the environment in the United States.

The medical laboratory is often seen as a black box that generates definitive results with little effort. But it's not always that simple.What if you work up a culture and find an unusual bacteria or fungus? What do the technologists in the microbiology laboratory do to investigate these uncommon cases and provide their patients with a proper diagnosis? On this episode of Inside the Lab, our hosts, Ms. Kelly Swails, MLS(ASCP), and Dr. Ali Brown, MD, FASCP, are joined by Dr. Clare McCormick-Baw, MD, FASCP, Medical Director of Infectious Diseases Serology and Molecular Microbiology at Parkland Health in Dallas, Texas, and Assistant Professor in the Department of Pathology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dr. Andrew Clark, PhD, D(ABMM), Medical Directory of the Microbiology Laboratory at Clements University Hospital and Assistant Professor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Dr. Laura Filkins, PhD, D(ABMM), Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Director at Children's Health System of Texas in Dallas, Texas, and Assistant Professor of Pathology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, to share their most interesting microbiology cases. Dr. Clark discusses an immunosuppressed 73-year-old man with persistent diarrhea who was diagnosed with invasive GI mucormycosis, and Dr. McCormick-Baw describes the case of the healthy 51-year-old woman whose abdominal fullness was caused by coccidioidomycosis, not cancer.  Listen in for Dr. Filkins' insight on getting the CDC involved when a four-year-old patient contracted Burkholderia pseudomallei and learn how committed clinical laboratory scientists kept digging until they found answers for these three unique patients!Topics Covered · Dr. Clark's case of an immunosuppressed 73-year-old man with persistent diarrhea· How Dr. Clark's team found Mucor mold in their patient's stool culture and diagnosed him with invasive GI mucormycosis· How rare GI mucormycosis is and why it's nearly always terminal· Dr. McCormick-Baw's case of a healthy 51-year-old woman who presented with abdominal fullness· How Dr. McCormick-Baw's team determined that their patient did not have cancer but did have coccidioidomycosis· Why it took two years after Dr. McCormick-Baw's patient contracted Coccidioides on a hike for symptoms to present· Dr. Filkins' case of a previously healthy four-year-old female (with a colorful animal history) who presented with nausea, vomiting, lethargy and decreased appetite · How Dr. Filkins' team cultured their young patient's tracheal aspirate specimen and found the high-risk pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei· How the local health lab, local epidemiologist and CDC's joint investigation uncovered four cases of Burkholderia pseudomallei in the U.S. and traced them to aromatherapy bottles manufactured in India· How the CDC, EPA and Texas public health agencies discovered that Dr. Filkins' patient's pet raccoon died of Burkholderia pseudomallei and decontaminated its burial siteConnect with ASCPASCP on Twitter Connect with Dr. McCormick-BawDr. McCormick-Baw at UT SouthwesternConnect with Dr. ClarkDr. Clark at UT SouthwesternConnect with Dr. FilkinsDr. Filkins at UT SouthwesternResources ‘Burkholderia Pseudomalliei Detected in a Raccoon Carcass Linked to a Multistate Aromatherapy-Associated Melioidosis Outbreak' in Morbidity and Mortality 

Identify "COVID Toes".Identify an unusual infection caused by Burkholderia.Know what to look for when 2 members of the same family present in the summer with fever and severe thrombocytopenia.

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the bacteria. But it causes a disease called melioidosis. They are the Tier 1 select agents known by the CDC to have been brought into America by the importation of monkeys from Asia. So why isn't the public being warned of the threat?  PETA has been working to expose the dangers of the U.S. science community's importation of monkeys. Dr. Lisa Jones-Engel, a top primate scientist, now a senior science advisor to PETA, explores in this conversation with Emil Guillermo, why the government is enabling the importation of monkeys while downplaying the public threat. PETA has used the public information act to get documents the government would rather the public not know. PETA has shared them in stories on the dangers of monkey importation with major news organizations this month. Go to PETA.org for more The PETA Podcast PETA, the world's largest animal rights organization, is 6.5 million strong and growing. This is the place to find out why. Hear from insiders, thought leaders, activists, investigators, politicians, and others why animals need more than kindness—they have the right not to be abused or exploited in any way. Hosted by Emil Guillermo. Powered by PETA activism. Contact us at PETA.org Music provided by CarbonWorks. Go to Apple podcasts and subscribe. Contact and follow host Emil Guillermo on  Twitter @emilamok Or at www.amok.com   Please subscribe, rate and review wherever you get your podcasts. released 12/20/22 Thanks for listening to THE PETA PODCAST! Copyright ©

On episode #17 of the Infectious Disease Puscast, Daniel and Sara review the infectious disease literature for the previous two weeks, 11/24/22 – 12/8/22. Hosts: Daniel Griffin and Sara Dong Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of Puscast! Links for this episode Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults (JAMA) Outcomes of short versus long duration of antibiotic therapy for residual osteomyelitis in diabetic foot infection (Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) Rectal culture-based versus empirical antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infectious complications in men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy (CID) Outbreak of Burkholderia stabilis infections associated with contaminated nonsterile multiuse ultrasound gel (CDC) Factors associated with receiving longer than recommended therapy among culture-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients (OFID) Seasonality of healthcare-associated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (ASHE) Rezafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidaemia and invasive candidiasis (The Lancet) Characteristics of antifungal utilization for hospitalized children in the United States (ASHE) Cutaneous blastomycosis presenting as a nonhealing wound (NIH) Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of fungla profile (OFID) Parasitic infection increases risk-taking in a social, intermediate host carnivore (Nature) Efficacy and safety of acoziborole in patients with human African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (The Lancet) Simple nodular cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Autochthonous Leishmania orientalis (AJTMH) Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (NEJM) Music is by Ronald Jenkees

  Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/BJue8-_TjoY   The CPSC and The Laundress company are recalling The Laundress laundry detergent, fabric conditioner and other cleaning products.  These products are contaminated with 3 types of bacteria including Burkholderia cepacia complex, Klebsiella aerogenes, and multiple strains of Pseudomonas.  Those with weak immune systems, respiratory problems, and implanted medical devices risk serious infections with these bacteria.  Approximately 8 million units manufactured between January 2021 and September 2022 are affected and were sold at TheLaundress.com, Amazon.com, and additional websites and in stores at The Laundress, Bloomingdale's, The Container Store, Saks Fifth Avenue, Target, Nordstrom, Jenni Kayne, Kith, Peruvian Connection, N.Peal, Brooklinen, and other major retailers nationwide.  If you have any The Laundress products in your home, consult their website TheLaundress.com to check if your product has been recalled.  The same website has information regarding refunds.   Once you have taken a photo of the product's lot code for submission on the website, dispose of the product safely.    https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2023/The-Laundress-Recalls-Laundry-Detergent-and-Household-Cleaning-Products-Due-to-Risk-of-Exposure-to-Bacteria   #thelaundress #detergent #cleaning #bacteria #infection #recall  

In Humans - Melioidosis or Whitmore's Disease. The host for this show is Jay Fidell. The guest is Ethan Allen. Our panel discusses, Burkholderia pseudomallei (also known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei), a Gram-negative, bipolar, aerobic, motile rod-shaped bacterium. It is a soil-dwelling bacterium endemic in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, particularly in Thailand and northern Australia. It is spread though direct contact with water or soil that holds the bacteria. The ThinkTech YouTube Playlist for this show is https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQpkwcNJny6k-dYsOV3JMmWWn5ObapwCy Please visit our ThinkTech website at https://thinktechhawaii.com and see our Think Tech Advisories at https://thinktechadvisories.blogspot.com.

The REAL Story on EM: Effective Microbes® Lactobacillus Bacteria = LAB PNSB = Rhodopseudomonas Palustris Beer Yeast = Saccharomyces cerevisiae Primary decomposers like Streptomyces

WHO ELSE? Rhizobia, Azosprillum Brasilense, Frankia, Acetobacter, Burkholderia, Achromobacter, Paenibacillus 
These are all Immune system triggers OR Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria or Fungi - they are biofertilizers DNA Testing of Best Compost - Elaine's Top Student - ALL HAVE EM Testing the Best Compost Johnson Su I can find - Also has ALL EM EM® is the Essence of the Best Hot Compost EM-1® vs EM-1 PRO® - You can DRINK THIS Digestion - Decomposition - Endophytes - PGPR & Fungi = THE FEEDBACK LOOP with the Natural World What about others? Aren't there OTHERS? YES YES YES, I have hundreds listed in REGENERATIVE SOIL, BUT there's even MORE, BUT I want you to be able to see the results yourself and do DIY it all and compare them - that's what R-Soil Database will give us all the ability to do. The New Kickstarter is to give you the SKILLS & UNDERSTANDING to join me in this process exploration & discovery - there's SO MUCH still to connect and uncover, and so much we know about that we need to prove out!! Will you join us to REVEAL the UNTOUCHED Secrets of the SOIL?? https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/mattpowers/regenerative-soil-microscopy-the-book-courses-and-database I'm Matt Powers. Grow Abundantly, Learn Daily, & Live Regeneratively. AND BACK THE NEW KICKSTARTER - click the link below! AND JOIN US!! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/mattpowers/regenerative-soil-microscopy-the-book-courses-and-database Watch the FULL VIDEO: https://youtu.be/0omQkAOmkY8

  Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/0b8Fd5YeXF0   The FDA and the Henkel Corporation have recalled Alterna Caviar Bond Leave-in-Heat Protection Spray.  This hair care product designed to help repair damaged hair is contaminated with Burkholderia cepacia complex.  This bacterium is not a threat to healthy humans but can cause serious infections in those with weakened immune systems, chronic lung diseases, chronic granulomatous disease, wound infections, or cystic fibrosis.  If you bought this product, return it to the place of purchase for a refund.  For additional information, call Henkel at 1-888-425-8376 or via email at Alterna.customerservice@henkel.com.   https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/henkel-corp-voluntarily-recalls-alternar-bond-repair-leave-heat-protection-spray-due-possible-health   #alterna #protectionspray #bacterium #infection #recall  

A deadly bacteria made the news recently when it was found in an aromatherapy room spray and linked to a deadly outbreak of melioidosis. A CDC probe recently found this dangerous bacteria known as Burkholderia pseudomallei in an aromatherapy room spray, which was subsequently recalled. The bacteria, which causes the fatal condition known as melioidosis, is endemic in certain subtropical climates but is typically only found in people in the United States when linked to travel to areas where the bacterium are naturally found. Apichai Tuanyok Ph.D, a specialist in tropical diseases who studies the pathogen, discusses the risks and dangers associated with it.

Cathal Friel, Co-Founder & Chairman & Jeremy Skillington, CEO of Poolbeg Pharma #POLB discuss the Option Agreement they signed with University College Dublin for a Melioidosis Vaccine candidate, MelioVac, and a licence to evaluate 5 other infectious disease portfolio assets. Highlights Poolbeg Pharma , a clinical stage infectious disease pharmaceutical company with a capital light clinical model, has signed an Option Agreement to licence MelioVac, a vaccine for melioidosis, with University College Dublin ('UCD') and its inventor, Associate Professor Siobhán McClean, through NovaUCD, the university's knowledge transfer office.  The Company will continue its due diligence on MelioVac, a preclinical asset and recipient of a Wellcome Trust Award to aid its development, as well as 5 of other potential vaccine candidates discovered by Associate Professor McClean and her team, for the duration of the Option Agreement, prior to signing a 'Licence Agreement'.  Dr McClean is Associate Professor and Head of Biochemistry at the UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science. Dr McClean completed her BSc in Biochemistry in UCD and received her PhD from Imperial College London. Her research focuses on lung infections which led her to develop a platform technology to identify proteins that bacteria use to attach to human cells. These proteins have proved to be excellent vaccine candidates. Dr McClean completed some of the original research to identify the antigens associated with the Melioidosis Vaccine at TU Dublin. Poolbeg Pharma has identified melioidosis as an infectious disease of interest due to its rising incidence around the world and because there is currently no approved vaccine available. Concerns are growing about global warming contributing to the spread of the disease to traditionally non-tropical areas. Melioidosis, also known as Whitmore's disease, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, commonly found in the soil and surface groundwater of many tropical and subtropical regions, with diverse clinical presentations including pneumonia and severe sepsis with multiple organ abscesses. Incidence of the disease is widespread in South-East Asia, Northern Australia and India, with climate change having a substantial impact on the spread of the disease to new areas such as Brazil. There are an estimated 165,000 cases of melioidosis each year, of which as many as 89,000 (54%) are estimated to be fatal.  Other potential vaccine candidates that the Company is evaluating include those for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli (O157), Burkholderia cepacia complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. About Poolbeg Pharma Poolbeg Pharma is a clinical stage infectious disease pharmaceutical company, with a capital light clinical model which aims to develop multiple products faster and more cost effectively than the conventional biotech model. The Company, headquartered in London, is led by a team with a track record of creation and delivery of shareholder value and aspires to become a "one-stop shop" for Big Pharma seeking mid-stage products to licence or acquire. The Company is targeting the growing infectious disease market. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, infectious disease has become one of the fastest growing pharma markets and is expected to exceed $250bn by 2025. With its initial assets from Open Orphan plc, an industry leading infectious disease and human challenge trials business, Poolbeg has access to knowledge, experience, and clinical data from over 20 years of human challenge trials. The Company is using these insights to acquire new assets as well as reposition clinical stage products, reducing spend and risk. It already has a Phase II ready repositioned small molecule immunomodulator for severe influenza and a portfolio of other exciting assets. The Company plans to broaden this portfolio further going forward and is in active discussions with AI data analysis platforms to help accelerate the power of its human challenge model data and biobank.

Good morning and welcome to your Monday dose of Your Daily Meds.Bonus Review: What humoral factors stimulate parietal cell gastric acid production?Answer: A few important ones include:Histamine (H2 receptors)Acetylcholine (M1 muscarinic receptors)Gastrin (gastrin receptors)- these receptors are on the basolateral membrane.Query:Which of the following is not among the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic use?AkathisiaRigidityTremorBradykinesiaOdynophagiaHave a think.Remember some Latin (or Greek?).And scroll for the chat.Query:In the case of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), which of the following organisms is more likely to affect the elderly patient with pre-existing lung disease?Mycoplasma pneumoniaeHaemophilus influenzaeLegionella pneumophilaBurkholderia pseudomalleiStaphylococcus aureusHave a think.More scroll for more chat.The Pyramids:Extrapyramidal symptoms are common side effects associated with antipsychotic usage. The incidence of these effects is reduced with the use of second generation antipsychotics. The symptoms are due to their effect as Dopamine D2 antagonists or partial agonists which can interfere with the dopamine transmission in the nigrostriatal tract.The symptoms produced by interference in this system are similar to those seen in Parkinson’s disease and include akathisa, rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia and acute dystonic reactions. So, odynophagia, painful swallowing, is not among the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic use. Lung Bugs:Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative agent of community acquired pneumonia (CAP).The likelihood that other organisms are involved or responsible for a clinical picture of pneumonia is based on patient age and clinical context.The age and context of the patient with CAP may suggest a causative agent, unlike radiological findings, which are often unhelpful when distinguishing organisms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is more common in young people and rare in the elderly; unlike Haemophilus influenzae, which is more common in the elderly, especially when there is an underlying lung disease. Legionella pneumophila occurs in outbreaks and is often linked to contaminated cooling towers in hospitals and hotels. Staphylococcus aureus tends to be more common following a bout of influenza. Furthermore, foreign travel may raise the risk of less likely organisms such as Burkholderia pseudomallei in those travelling from south-east Asia.Bonus: What are some of the actions of gastric acid?Answer in tomorrow’s dose.Closing:Thank you for taking your Meds and we will see you tomorrow for your MANE dose. As always, please contact us with any questions, concerns, tips or suggestions. Have a great day!Luke.Remember, you are free to rip these questions and answers and use them for your own flashcards, study and question banks. Just credit us where credit is due. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit yourdailymeds.substack.com

  Vidcast:  https://youtu.be/rVHJSoAkH8g   The CPSC and Walmart are recalling Better Homes and Gardens Essential Oil Infused Aromatherapy Room Spray with Gemstones.  This product contaminated with Burkholderia pseudomallei, a reasonably rare bacterium that causes melioidosis, a nasty infection that may present as a pneumonia, encephalitis, septic arthritis, or dangerous hypotension.  This infection may be fatal.  About 3900 bottles of this aromatherapy room spray were sold by Walmart at stores nationwide and online at walmart.com.     If you bought this aromatherapy spray and it is unopened, do not open it and do not throw the bottle away.  Wear gloves when handling this product.  Double bag the bottle in zip top bags and place in a small cardboard box for return to any Walmart store for a $20 Walmart Gift Card.  Wash any sheets, linens, or clothing with spray on them using normal laundry detergent and dry completely at a hot setting.  Wipe down any surfaces exposed to the spray with an undiluted disinfectant.  Wash your hands after cleaning up.   For more information, call Walmart at 1-800-925-6278.   https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2022/Walmart-Recalls-Better-Homes-and-Gardens-Essential-Oil-Infused-Aromatherapy-Room-Spray-with-Gemstones-Due-to-Rare-and-Dangerous-Bacteria-Two-Deaths-Investigated   #walmart #aromatherapy #infection #melioidosis #recall    

It's a part of epidemiological function to look at the past to predict the future. This season looks at possible future health crises. Burkholderia pseudomallei is a good place to start.

The TWiM folk explore disruption of a Burkholderia intracellular niche by a cell death program, and an increase in Brucella infectiousness after intracellular passage. Become a patron of TWiM. Links for this episode: Disrupting intracellular niche (mBio) Intracellular passage increases infectiousness (Infect Immun) Type IV secretion systems (Front Micro) Music used on TWiM is composed and performed by Ronald Jenkees and used with permission. Send your microbiology questions and comments to twim@microbe.tv

Kas ir „Vienas veselības” koncepts? Stāsta LLU Veterinārmedicīnas fakultātes dekāns, Pārtikas un vides higiēnas institūta vadošais pētnieks, profesors Kaspars Kovaļenko. „Vienas veselības” jēdziena pirmsākumi sniedzas jau cilvēces senā vēsturē, kad šī apziņa te parādījās un veidojās, te atkal zuda. Vēsturē pirmo reizi par vienu veselību rakstīja Hipokrāts, norādot uz vides un sabiedrības veselības saistību. 2000 gadu vēlāk (ap 17.-18. gs. miju) itāļu ārsts un epidemiologs Džovanni Marija Lančīzi (Giovanni Maria Lancisi) rakstīja, ka videi ir liela nozīme cilvēku un dzīvnieku infekcijas slimību izplatībā. Viņš arī rosināja nosusināt purvus, lai mazinātu asinssūcēju kukaiņu daudzumu un pasargātu cilvēkus no malārijas. Ārsts Rūdolfs Virhovs, termina “zoonozes” radītājs, 19. gs. beigās esot teicis šādu frāzi: “Starp cilvēku un dzīvnieku medicīnu nav nekādas robežlīnijas – un tādai arī nevajadzētu būt”. Principā ar terminu zoonozes saprot infekcijas slimības, kas kopīgas vairākām dzīvnieku sugām, tai skaitā arī cilvēkam, kā piemēru var minēt mutes un nagu sērgu (Picornaviridae), kas ir uzskatāma par zoonozi, lai gan nav bīstama cilvēkam, bet spēj izraisīt klīnisku saslimšanu govīm, aitām, kazām, ziloņiem, suņiem un citiem dzīvniekiem. Ar terminu “zoonozes” mūsdienās aizstāj terminu “antropozoonozes”, jo no evolucionārās bioloģijas skatupunkta cilvēks ir viena no dzīvnieku sugām, un tādēļ to izcelt uz citu dzīvnieku fona nav pamata. To mēs varam redzēt gan balstoties uz salīdzinošo anatomiju, gan salīdzinot dažādus virsmas receptorus, kā arī cilvēka un dažādu dzīvnieku pilnas genoma sekvences. Zoonotisko ierosinātāju pētniecība Latvijā aizsākās 19. gs., kad trakumsērgu, zirgu ļaunos ienāšus, tuberkulozi, liesas sērgu u. c. ierosinātājus pētīja mikrobiologs, veterinārārsti Kristaps Helmanis, Eižens Zemmers un Oto Kalniņš, kurš pētījuma laikā inficējās ar zirgu ļaunajiem ienāšiem (Burkholderia mallei). Oto Kalniņš no šīs slimības nomira, tomēr paspēja aprakstīt  slimības gaitu. Helmanis, Zemmers un Kalniņš strādāja pie trakumsērgas vakcīnas izstrādes, pie zirgu ļauno ienāšu diagnosticēšanas, kas rezultējās ar maleīna atklāšanu, un pateicoties šim atklājumam, zirgu ļaunie ienāši Eiropā un lielā daļā pasaules tika izskausti un apkaroti. No vairāk nekā 1460 zināmajām cilvēku infekcijas slimībām ir skaidri zināms, ka aptuveni 60% ir nākušas no dzīvniekiem, bet no jaunajām infekcijas slimībām, kas parādās cilvēku populācijā, aptuveni 75% ir zoonozes. Iespējams, ārkārtīgi lielā atkarība no dzīvnieku izcelsmes produktiem var tikt uzskatīta kā viens no galvenajiem infekcijas slimību riska faktoriem attiecībā uz cilvēku veselību nākotnē. Arvien palielinoties cilvēku skaitam pasaulē, palielinās arī pieprasījums pēc dzīvnieku valsts proteīna, vai tā ir gaļa, piens vai olas. Jāatzīmē, ka pieprasījums pēc augu un dzīvnieku valsts produktiem, izraisa ar vien jaunu, līdz šim neskartu teritoriju pārtapšanu lauksaimniecības zemēs, kas savukārt izraisa ar vien biežāku savvaļas dzīvnieku mijiedarbību ar lauksaimniecības dzīvniekiem vai cilvēkiem, kas  var izraisīt jaunus infekcijas slimību starpsugu pārlēkšanas gadījumus, kā tas ir noticis gan Hendras vīrusa, Nipa vīrusa, Ebolas vīrusa, gan SARS vīrusu gadījumā. Tādēļ „Vienas veselības” jēdziens apvieno vairākas nozares, kas darbojas kopā lokāli, nacionāli un globāli, lai palīdzētu saglabāt cilvēku, dzīvnieku un vides veselību. Vienas veselības konceptā cilvēki, dzīvnieki un vide ir salikti kopā veidojot “Vienas veselības triādi”. Tā kā Viena veselība ir pasaules mēroga jēdziens, tas atvieglo veselības aprūpes sistēmas attīstību 21. gadsimtā un, ja šis koncepts tiek izmantots adekvāti, tas var palīdzēt aizsargāt un glābt gan cilvēku, gan dzīvnieku, gan vides veselību tagad un nākotnē.

Bernd spricht mit Dr. Annette Schappach und Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans-Dieter Höltje über das Feedback der letzten Folgen, über Remdesivir und den Leibniz Wirkstoff des Jahres 2020: Malleicyprole.

Bernd spricht mit Dr. Annette Schappach und Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans-Dieter Höltje über das Feedback der letzten Folgen, über Remdesivir und den Leibniz Wirkstoff des Jahres 2020: Malleicyprole.

Pathogenic E. coli are different than lab-grown or commensal E. coli found in the gut microbiome. Alfredo Torres describes the difference between these, the method his lab is using the develop vaccines against pathogenic E. coli, and how this same method can be used to develop vaccines against Burkholderia infections. Julie’s Biggest Takeaways: coli plays many roles inside and outside the scientific laboratory: Laboratory E. coli strains used by scientists to study molecular biology. Commensal E. coli strains contribute to digestion and health as part of the intestinal microbiome. Pathogenic E. coli strains have acquired factors that allow them to cause disease in people The pathogenic E. coli associated with diarrheal disease are the ones named for their O-antigen and flagellar H-antigen, such as O157:H7. There are about 30 E. coli strains with various combinations of O-H factors known to cause diarrheal disease in people.  The E. coli Shiga toxin (though not the bacterium itself) can pass through the epithelial cell layer to become systemic, and eventually the toxin will accumulate in the kidneys. This can lead to patients experiencing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and kidney failure, leading to lifelong dialysis or need for a transplant. An immune response that prevents the E. coli from attaching will prevent the bacterium from secreting toxin in close proximity to the epithelial cells and decrease likelihood of HUS development. Burkholderia is a bacterial genus whose member species have been weaponized in the past, and which remain potent disease-causing agents around the world.  B. mallei causes glanders, a disease mostly of horses and their handlers. It is a respiratory infection that can become systemic if not treated. B. pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease that can manifest in many ways. It is endemic in many tropical regions around the world, found in over 79 countries so far. Coating gold nanoparticles with antigens against which the immune response will be protective is a method Alfredo has used for a number of candidate vaccines, including one against E. coli and one against B. pseudomallei. The nanoparticles can have the gold cleaved off to provide different functional variants of the same vaccine.  Links for this Episode: Alfredo Torres webpage at University of Texas Medical Branch McWilliams BD and Torres AG. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Adhesins. Microbiology Spectrum. 2013. Sanchez-Villamil JI et al. Development of a Gold Nanoparticle Vaccine against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. mBio. 2019. Wiersinga WJ et al. Melioidosis. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2018.  Khakhum N. et al. Evaluation of Burkholderia mallei ΔtonB Δhcp1 (CLH001) as a live attenuated vaccine in murine models of glanders and melioidosis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2019. Torres AG. Common Sense Can Keep You Safe in E. coli Outbreak. Galveston County Daily News. 2020. ABRCMS: Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students MTM: Burkholderia pseudomallei & the neglected tropical disease melioidosis with Direk Limmathurotsakul HOM Tidbit: Kiyoshi Shiga Biography in Clinical Infectious Diseases  

Burkholderia pseudomallei is an endemic soil-dwelling bacterium in southeast Asia, where it causes melioidosis. Direk Limmathurotsakul discusses his work to improve the official reporting numbers and how Julie’s Biggest Takeaways: Melioidosis can present in a number of ways, such as sepsis, pneumonia, or abscesses. Because the symptoms are not specific, diagnosis requires isolation of the Burkholderia pseudomallei bacterium. Risk factors for disease include diabetes and exposure to the soil and water in which the bacterium lives. In 2012, only 4 people were officially reported to have died of melioidosis in Thailand, but microbiological records suggest the real number was closer to 696. Scientists like Direk worked with the government to improve reporting requirements and the numbers now reflect a more accurate assessment of the disease burden. More accurate official reporting can lead to more public health campaigns, resources, and support for both scientists and patients. Social media campaigns and a YouTube competition help to raise local awareness of melioidosis. The YouTube competition engages the community by allowing them to enter videos in their own dialect, which then inform others about how to minimize risk factors for melioidosis. The AMR Dictionary gives simple definitions to jargon surrounding the problem of antimicrobial resistance. The definitions are translated into multiple languages in ways that make sense with colloquialisms. For example, in Thai, many people refer to antibiotics as antiseptics or anti-inflammatory drugs, and the dictionary takes local use into consideration in its definitions. Links for this Episode: MTM Listener Survey Limmathurotsakul website at MORU Tropical Health Network Melioidosis.info Melioidosis: the Most Neglected Tropical Disease Antibiotic Footprint AMR Dictionary  

Multidrug resistant lung infections present an increasingly common and increasingly dangerous threat to all individuals with cystic fibrosis. Common CF pathogens — Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia — are all showing increasing resistance to clinicians' usual antibiotic armamentarium.In this issue, Dr. Claire Elson, from the University of Missouri Kansas City School of Pharmacy, and Dr. Christopher Oermann, from the UMKC School of Medicine, describe strategies for the clinical management of these resistant infections.Take our post-test to claim CME credits.To read a companion newsletter click here. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Premjit Amornchai from our MORU unit in Bangkok, Thailand, tells us about her work as biosafety level 3 lab manager and microbioogy safety officer To prevent relapse or reinfection, melioidosis requires a specific and prolonged treatment. Melioidosis is endemic at least 45 countries, but greatly under-reported, with a microbiological culture required to confirm diagnosis. This can take 2-7 days. In Thailand, up to 40 percent of hospital admitted melioidosis patients die. Premjit works with MORU researchers who have produced a rapid diagnostic test that aims to improve both diagnosis and public awareness of melioidosis. Microbiologist Premjit Amornchai heads MORU's Bio-Safety Level (BSL) 3 Laboratory in Bangkok, Thailand. Safety is very important for Premjit. The BSL3 Lab handles several dangerous materials, most notably, Burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly pathogenic bacterium commonly found in soil and water in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The pathogen causes the difficult to diagnose, deadly bacterial infection melioidosis.

Premjit Amornchai from our MORU unit in Bangkok, Thailand, tells us about her work as biosafety level 3 lab manager and microbioogy safety officer To prevent relapse or reinfection, melioidosis requires a specific and prolonged treatment. Melioidosis is endemic at least 45 countries, but greatly under-reported, with a microbiological culture required to confirm diagnosis. This can take 2-7 days. In Thailand, up to 40 percent of hospital admitted melioidosis patients die. Premjit works with MORU researchers who have produced a rapid diagnostic test that aims to improve both diagnosis and public awareness of melioidosis. Microbiologist Premjit Amornchai heads MORU's Bio-Safety Level (BSL) 3 Laboratory in Bangkok, Thailand. Safety is very important for Premjit. The BSL3 Lab handles several dangerous materials, most notably, Burkholderia pseudomallei, a highly pathogenic bacterium commonly found in soil and water in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The pathogen causes the difficult to diagnose, deadly bacterial infection melioidosis.

David Dance from our LOMWRU unit in Laos tells us about his research on bacterial infections in Laos, particularly melioidosis David Dance is a Clinical Microbiologist supporting the work of LOMWRU (Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit) on bacterial infections of importance to public health in Laos. He is particularly interested in all aspects of melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei) infection, especially gaining a greater understanding of the global distribution of the disease and the environmental factors that underpin its distribution. Laos is seing a growing number of melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by a bacterium that lived in the environment. Meliolidosis is a disease greatly under-recognised and treatment is specific, making it a major threat to farmers in developing countries. A better understanding of the prevalence of this infection and how it spreads allows us to better target prevention and treatment.

David Dance from our LOMWRU unit in Laos tells us about his research on bacterial infections in Laos, particularly melioidosis David Dance is a Clinical Microbiologist supporting the work of LOMWRU (Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital Wellcome Trust Research Unit) on bacterial infections of importance to public health in Laos. He is particularly interested in all aspects of melioidosis (Burkholderia pseudomallei) infection, especially gaining a greater understanding of the global distribution of the disease and the environmental factors that underpin its distribution. Laos is seing a growing number of melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by a bacterium that lived in the environment. Meliolidosis is a disease greatly under-recognised and treatment is specific, making it a major threat to farmers in developing countries. A better understanding of the prevalence of this infection and how it spreads allows us to better target prevention and treatment.

This episode: Some bacteria seem to cause slime mold amoebas to carry around other bacteria for food! Download Episode (12.4 MB, 13.5 minutes) Show notes: News item Journal Paper: DiSalvo S, Haselkorn TS, Bashir U, Jimenez D, Brock DA, Queller DC, Strassmann JE. 2015. Burkholderia bacteria infectiously induce the proto-farming symbiosis of Dictyostelium amoebae and food bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci 112:E5029–E5037. Other interesting stories: Fish oil vs. lard affect gut microbes differently Engineered mix of engineered bacteria produce controlled oscillations Mutation and selection makes better biomass-degrading enzymes Antibodies can be produced inside bacteria (paper) Fungus can be used to kill mosquitoes (paper) Post questions or comments here or email to bacteriofiles at gmail dot com. Thanks for listening! Subscribe at iTunes, check out the show at Twitter or Facebook

Dr Direk Limmathurotsakul's research focuses on the epidemiology of melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is endemic in at least 45 countries, but greatly under-reported. Up to 50% of cases seen in hospital die. Our researchers at MORU have produced a rapid diagnostic test that aims to improve both diagnosis and public awareness. Better coordination between researchers and policy makers is needed to face upcoming emerging infectious diseases.

Dr Direk Limmathurotsakul's research focuses on the epidemiology of melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Melioidosis is endemic in at least 45 countries, but greatly under-reported. Up to 50% of cases seen in hospital die. Our researchers at MORU have produced a rapid diagnostic test that aims to improve both diagnosis and public awareness. Better coordination between researchers and policy makers is needed to face upcoming emerging infectious diseases.

At least four phylogenetically distinct groups of bacteria encode repeat proteins with the common ability to bind specific DNA sequences with a unique but conserved code. Each repeat binds a single DNA base, and specificity is determined by the amino acid residue at position 13 of each repeat. Repeats are typically 33-35 amino acids long. Comparing repeat sequences across all groups reveals that only three positions are hyper-conserved. Repeats are in most cases functionally compatible such that they can be assembled together into a single chimeric array. This functional conformity and inter-compatibility is a result of structural conservation. Repeat arrays of these proteins have been demonstrated or predicted to form almost identical tertiary structures: a right-handed super helix that wraps around the DNA double strand with the base specifying residue of each repeat positioned in the major groove next to its cognate target base. The mechanism of DNA binding is conserved. The first discovered group, providing the name for the rest, are the Transcription Activator Like Effectors (TALEs) of plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria. The eukaryotic transactivation domain, which lends this group their name, allows them to activate specifically targeted host genes for the benefit of the bacterial invader. The other groups, discovered after the TALEs, are the RipTALs of Ralstonia solanacearum, the Bats of Burkholderia rhizoxinica, and MOrTL1 and MOrTL2 of unknown marine bacteria. Together they are designated TALE-likes. Each designation contains some allusion to the TALEs. The term RipTAL stands for Ralstonia injected proteins TALE-like, the Bats are Burkholderia TALE likes, and the MOrTLs Marine Organism TALE-likes. This unity of terminology belies disunity in the lifestyles of these different bacteria, and the biological roles fulfilled by these proteins. The TALEs have already been researched extensively. The code that describes the relationship between the base specifying residues and their cognate bases is often referred to as the TALE code. This code was deciphered by two groups independently and published in 2009, a year before I began my doctoral work. Since then research into TALEs has not slowed and a great deal has been learnt both about the native biology and biotechnological uses of TALEs. My work has been focused on the other TALE-like groups, none of which had been previously characterized in terms of DNA recognition properties, before I began my work. RipTALs are effector proteins delivered during bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum strains. This devastating disease affects numerous crop species worldwide. Characterizing the molecular properties of the RipTALs provides a first step towards uncovering their role in the disease. The Bats and MOrTLs are primarily of interest as comparison groups to the TALEs and RipTALs and as sources of sequence diversity for future efforts into TALE repeat engineering. In the introduction of this dissertation, which explores TALE biology, a particular focus will be placed on the DNA binding properties of TALEs and how this can be put to use in TALE technology. After this the RipTALs, Bats and MOrTLs are each introduced, explaining what is known about their provenance and sequence features. The aims of my doctoral work are then listed and expounded in turn. The proximal goal of my doctoral work was to carry out a comparative molecular characterization of each group of non-TALE TALE-likes. In doing so we hoped to gain insights into the principles of TALE-like DNA-binding properties, evolutionary history of the different groups and their potential uses in biotechnology. In the case of the RipTALs this work should begin to unravel the role these proteins play in bacterial wilt disease, as a means to fight this devastating pathogen. The articles I have worked on covering the molecular characterizations of RipTALs, Bats and MOrTLs are then presented in turn. Working together with others I was able to show that repeats from each group of TALE-likes mediate sequence specific DNA binding, revealing a conserved code in each case. This code links position 13 of any TALE-like repeat to a specific DNA base preference in a reliable fashion. I will argue that the TALE-likes represent a fascinating case of conserved structure and function in a diverse sequence space. In addition the TALEs and RipTALs may simply represent one face of the TALE-likes, a protein family mediating as yet unknown biological roles as bacterial DNA binding proteins.

Sie leben im Boden und im Wasser und werden als austrocknungsresistente Zysten auch über die Luft verbreitet. Manchen Mikroorganismen – Bakterien und Viren — dienen Amöben als Wirtszellen, Transportmittel und zur Vermehrung, wie beispielsweise dem einerseits humanmedizinisch wichtigen, andererseits aber auch als biologischer Kampfstoff eingestuften Umweltbakterium "Burkholderia pseudomallei". Dieses Bakterium verursacht die noch weitgehend unbekannte und schwere Infektionskrankheit Melioidose. Obwohl schon seit Jahrzehnten Berichte über Erkrankungsfälle aus Afrika vorliegen, ist die Epidemiologie der afrikanischen Melioidose und die Verbreitung von Burkholderia pseudomallei in der Umwelt vollkommen unerforscht.In dieser Sendung stellen wir das KEF-Projekt AMENET: Das afrikanische Melioidose-Netzwerk vor. Dieses Projekt wird im Rahmen von ERAfrica — einem EU-finanzierten Programm zur Stärkung der Forschungszusammenarbeit europäischer mit afrikanischen Ländern — gefördert. Ziel des Projektes mit österreichischer Beteiligung ist es, ein afrikanisches Forschungsnetzwerk aufzubauen, welches sich der Epidemiologie und Charakterisierung von B. pseudomallei und der Bedeutung von Amöben für dessen Verbreitung widmet. Die Melioidose ist als "neglected disease" klassifiziert. Das Netzwerk soll zunächst auf jene Regionen in Westafrika und Madagaskar fokussieren, wo das Vorkommen der Erkrankung bekannt ist, und es soll die Expertise unterschiedlicher wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen in einem gemeinsamen Forschungsprogramm vereinen.Gestaltung und Moderation: Maiada Hadaia (für den Sendungsinhalt verantwortlich)Gast:Assoz.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Julia Walochnik, Institut für Spezifische Prophylaxe und Tropenmedizin an der Medizinische Universität Wien, Mitarbeiterin im KEF Projekt AMENET: Das afrikanische Melioidose-NetzwerkSendetermin: Freitag, 19.06.2015, 20:00-21.00 UhrMusik: Podington Bear-Wook; Tchakare Kanyembe-track 2; Tchakare Kanyembe-track 4; Salam-05-Kairo. Nachzuhören auf Free Music Archive (FMA), einer Community für freie, legale und unlimitierte Musik, die unter Creative Commons Lizenzen veröffentlicht wurde.

Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler The TWiVers explain how a protein platform assists the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase to begin the task of making viral genomes. Links for this episode NYAS Afterschool STEM Mentoring Program Concerns about editing the human germline (Science, Nature) Engineering the perfect baby (MIT Tech Rev) RNA recognition by HCV polymerase (Science) Kickstarting an RNA polymerase (Science) A protein platform for priming (virology blog) Apoenzyme and holoenzyme (Wikibooks) Ebolavirus will not become a respiratory pathogen (virology blog) Burkholderia pseudomallei (CDC) Letters read on TWiV 330 Timestamps by Jennifer. Thank you! Weekly Science Picks Alan - X-Flare 2.1 capturedRich - Volvo ocean race drops research buoys (YouTube)Kathy - Nature double-blind peer reviewDickson - Largest cave in the worldVincent - New program for early-career scientists Listener Pick of the Week Michael - Space Engine and Kerbal Space ProgramVarun CN - Incognito by David Eagleman Send your virology questions and comments (email or mp3 file) to twiv@twiv.tv

Eshwar Mahenthiralingam Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK speaks on "Burkholderia bacteria: using genetics to balance pathogenicity with biotechnological versatility."This seminar has been recorded by ICGEB Trieste

On episode #30 of the podcast, Vincent, Elio, and Michael review how a toxin from Burkholderia pseudomallei inhibits protein synthesis, and the role of the gut microbiome in modulating insulin resistance in mice lacking an innate immune sensor.

Vincent, Margaret, Michael and Elio review the use of photothermal nanoblades to dissect the Burkholderia intracellular life cycle, and manipulation of chromosomes in vivo for genome-wide codon replacement in E. coli.

Quorum Sensing (QS) is a process that enables bacteria to communicate via chemical signalling molecules, which are called autoinducers (AI). When a threshold concentration of QS molecules is reached, the bacteria start their QS regulated gene expression e.g. bioluminescence (Vibrio fischeri), virulence factor secretion (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), biofilm formation (Burkholderia cepacia), sporulation, and mating. It was found that many Gram-negative bacteria use acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs or HSLs) as autoinducers. Due to the broad biological functions of HSLs, the interest in detection and analysis of HSLs is increasing for medical, biotechnological and agricultural applications. In the past years, numerous analytical methods have been developed for HSLs. Conventional analysis, which usually combines chromatography, mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been very successfully applied for identification and quantification of HSLs. But normally, conventional analysis requires many steps of sample preparation, e.g. extraction, pre-concentration and optimisation of conditions to separate individual HSL molecules. In addition, many sensitive bioreporter assays have been developed using different LuxR responsive promoters, which contain LuxR family functional proteins but lack the HSL synthase. A combination of different bioassays is strongly recommended, since no bioreporter is sensitive to all HSLs. Alternatively, in this study, an anti-HSL antibody based immunochemical detection method has been successfully developed and established. HSL molecules consist of a homoserine lactone ring and an acyl side chain (4-18 carbon atoms), and they differ only from side chain length and substitution at C3 atom. Regarding the variation of the molecule structures, four HSL haptens, named HSL1, HSL2, HSL3 and HSL4, were designed for antibody and assay development. HSL1 and HSL3 have a long chain (C11-COOH), but HSL1 has an -oxo and HSL3 has an –OH functional group at the C3 position. In comparison, HSL2 (C5-COOH) and HSL4 (C9-COOH) have shorter side chains and no substitution on the C3 atom. The haptens were synthesised and were covalently coupled to the C-terminal COOH-group of the NH2-residues (lysines) of the carrier proteins (BSA/OVA). Using these HSL hapten-conjugates, rat and mouse anti-HSL monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced, screened and further characterised with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Corresponding to hapten structures, the antibodies showed different selectivities to HSLs with different substitution on C3 position and chain length. Eight mAbs (HSL1-1A5, HSL1-8E1, HSL1/2-2C10, HSL1/2-4H5, HSL4-4C9, HSL4-5H3, HSL4-5E12 and HSL4-6D3) were selected from about 200 mAbs and characterised in detail using coating antigen and enzyme tracer formats. It was demonstrated that the new assays have HSL detection ranges from nM to low µM, which is sensitive enough for detection of HSLs in natural samples according to literature. Interestingly but not surprisingly, AHLs mAbs have at least 20 times higher sensitivity against hydrolysed HSLs (named HSs) than original HSLs, because the conjugation and immunisation conditions, e.g. pH and temperature, for mAb development resulted in HSL hydrolysis. This property of antibodies additionally offers a new sensitive method to detect quorum quenching (QQ) relevant homoserines (HSs), which are important degradation products of HSLs. Comparable results have been obtained by Biacore and Aqua-Optosensor biosensors for HS (L) characterisation. Based on these properties of the mAbs, a detection method of HSLs and HSs in biological samples has been developed and optimised. With the comparison of the real samples before and after hydrolysis treatment, the assays could simply present the relative HSL- and HS- contents in the samples. Similar to bio-reporters, the identification or quantitation of single HSL molecules is not possible only using immunoassay due to the broad recognition of HSLs and HSs. For this purpose, a combination with conventional chemical analysis is a must. However, as a novel sensitive HSL and HS detection method, the developed immunoassays have the advantages of being fast, cost effective and having low sample volume requirement. Using the direct or indirect fluorescence signals of fluorophore labelled anti-HSL mAbs, the in situ experiments with modified Burkholderia cepacia biofilm on ibidi slide (plastic flow chamber from ibidi GmbH) and Pseudomonas putida inoculated barley root have been carried out. Unfortunately, the in situ tests were not successful, mainly due to remaining unspecific background signals. Nevertheless, a few steps, e.g. fluorophore labelling, biofilm formation, and surface blocking have been optimised. The door of HSL in situ tests with the antibodies is still open, if a suitable specific visualising detection method could be found in the future. Certainly, the antibodies can also be broadly applied for many other immunochemical techniques, such as immunosensors or immunoaffinity columns for characterisation or pre-screening of HSLs/HSs, as have been demonstrated successfully.

Abstract In this study, two topics causing major public concern related to transgenic plants were investigated: The possibility of a horizontal gene transfer from plant to bacteria and the impact of transgenic plants after herbicide treatment on root associated bacteria. The transgenic plant chosen for this study was Roundup Ready® (RR) soybean, which is tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate and is the most commonly used genetically modified crop worldwide. Glyphosate, the active ingredient of Roundup Ready®, inhibits the EPSPS enzyme (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase). EPSPS is an enzyme involved in the shikimic acid pathway leading to the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and its inhibition leads to growth reduction of plants and microorganisms. RR crops are glyphosate tolerant due to the introduction of the CP4-EPSPS gene coding for a glyphosate insensitive EPSPS enzyme. The transgenic construct is under expression of a CaMV 35S promoter a nos transcriptional termination element from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Horizontal gene transfer experiments with the EPSPS gene of the RR soybean were performed under controlled laboratory conditions and were targeted to the nitrogen fixing symbiont of soybean Bradyrhizobium japonicum. This bacterium comprises the requirements of a possible receptor for the glyphosate resistance trait, as it is sensitive to the herbicide and thus the acquirement of glyphosate resistance would signify a positive adaptation to glyphosate accumulated in the roots after herbicide application. Two key conditions for gene transfer from the CP4-EPSPS gene from the RR soybean to B. japonicum were evaluated in this study: The required specific conditions for B. japonicum to undergo natural transformation and the expression of the CP4-EPSPS gene in B. japonicum. For that purpose, the CP4-EPSPS gene was cloned into a B. japonicum chromosomal integration vector and was transferred by biparental mating into the B. japonicum genome. Subsequently, the expression of the CP4-EPSPS gene in B. japonicum was tested under increasing glyphosate selection pressure. Results of these experiments indicated that B. japonicum is not naturally transformable under any conditions known from the more than 40 so far reported naturally transformable bacteria. Furthermore, the CP4-EPSPS genetic construct, as contained in RR soybean, has been shown in this study to be not active in B. japonicum. Consequently, if there would be a gene transfer of the plant CP4-EPSPS to B. japonicum, this genetic construct does not confer glyphosate resistance to B. japonicum and does not constitute any adaptive advantage to the bacterium under glyphosate selection pressure. As the genetic trait of glyphosate resistance has been found in several bacteria, it would be more probable that the common mating exchange between bacterial groups could disperse the glyphosate resistance within an environment. Moreover, in the specific case of B. japonicum, a high spontaneous mutation rate for glyphosate resistance was observed, suggesting that B. japonicum can also adapt to the glyphosate selection pressure by mutation under natural conditions. The impact of transgenic plants with their respective herbicide treatments on root associated bacteria was investigated in a greenhouse experiment. The composition and diversity of bacterial communities of RR soybean rhizospheres were analyzed and compared between glyphosate-treated and untreated plants. Samples from five harvests with two glyphosate applications were analysed by 16S rRNA gene T-RFLP analysis complemented with the evaluation of three clone libraries. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data was used to visualize changes in the microbial populations in response to glyphosate applications and in order to find groups of organisms responsible for the observed community shifts. A comparison of the rhizosphere communities revealed that a Burkholderia related group was significantly inhibited by glyphosate application, while the abundance of a group of Gemmatimonadetes related sequences increased significantly after the herbicide treatment. The significant increment of Gemmatimonadetes abundance after glyphosate application could indicate that these organisms are able to metabolize the herbicide. Shannon diversity indices were calculated based on the T-RFLP results with the aim to compare bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of glyphosate-treated and non treated RR soybeans. Interestingly, the bacterial community associated to RR soybean roots after glyphosate application not only demonstrated effective resilience after the disturbance but in addition the bacterial diversity also increased in comparison to the untreated control samples. It is possible, that in an environment with organisms which are able to metabolize glyphosate, the key for enhancing diversity could be the succession of metabolites, which can be further utilized by a diverse range of bacteria.

CGD is an immunodeficiency caused by deletions or mutations in genes that encode subunits of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase complex. Normally, assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex in phagosomes of certain phagocytic cells leads to a "respiratory burst", essential for the clearance of phagocytosed micro-organisms. CGD patients lack this mechanism, which leads to life-threatening infections and granuloma formation. However, a clear picture of the clinical course of CGD is hampered by its low prevalence (approximately 1:250,000). Therefore, extensive clinical data from 429 European patients were collected and analyzed. Of these patients 351 were males and 78 were females. X-linked (XL) CGD (gp91(phox) deficient) accounted for 67% of the cases, autosomal recessive (AR) inheritance for 33%. AR-CGD was diagnosed later in life, and the mean survival time was significantly better in AR patients (49.6 years) than in XL CGD (37.8 years), suggesting a milder disease course in AR patients. The disease manifested itself most frequently in the lungs (66% of patients), skin (53%), lymph nodes (50%), gastrointestinal tract (48%) and liver (32%). The most frequently cultured micro-organisms per episode were Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Aspergillus spp. (26%), and Salmonella spp. (16%). Surprisingly, Pseudomonas spp. (2%) and Burkholderia cepacia (

Die Mukoviszidose (engl: cystic fibrosis, CF) ist die häufigste autosomal-rezessiv vererbte Stoffwechselerkrankung der kaukasischen Bevölkerung. Der Defekt des Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, einem membranständigen Chloridionenkanal, manifestiert sich an diversen Organsystemen, wobei Infektionen des Respirationstraktes im Vordergrund stehen. CF-Patienten produzieren ein viskoses Tracheobronchialsekret, welches die mukoziliäre Clearance behindert. In der Folge etablieren sich chronisch verlaufende Lungeninfektionen mit einem CF-typischen Erregerspektrum (v.a. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia cepacia-Komplex, Haemophilus influenzae und Stenotrophomonas maltophilia), die letztendlich lebenslimitierend sind. Durch die frühzeitige und regelmäßige Gabe von Antibiotika wird versucht, die inflammatorische und erregerassoziierte Schädigung des Lungengewebes zu kontrollieren. Dabei ist eine mikrobiologische Diagnostik, die die Erreger schnell und mit hoher Sensitivität und Spezifität identifiziert, von großer Bedeutung. Die Fluoreszenz in situ Hybridisierung (FISH) mit markierten Oliginukleotidsonden zum Nachweis ribosomaler RNS ist eine spezifische und sensitive Methode zum Erregernachweis. Sie benötigt im Vergleich zum mindestens 48h in Anspruch nehmenden kulturellen Nachweis nur wenige Stunden und erfasst auch bereits nicht mehr kultivierbare Erreger, z.B. nach erfolgter Antibiotikatherapie. Das relativ begrenzte Erregerspektrum der Lungeninfektionen bei CF bietet gute Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz der FISH-Diagnostik. Als problematisch hat sich hierbei das viskose und inhomogene CF-Sputum erwiesen, das aufgrund seiner Zusammensetzung bei der Hybridisierung mit fluoreszenzmarkierten Sonden eine ausgeprägte Hintergrundfluoreszenz zeigt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Einsatz der FISH-Technik zum Nachweis CF relevanter Erreger weiter zu optimieren. Zum einen sollte der Einfluss, den die Probenlagerung bis zur Weiterverarbeitung auf den Erregernachweis hat, untersucht werden. Dabei erwies sich 4ºC als geeignete Lagerungstemperatur, da die Mikroorganismen trotz Verringerung der Ribosomenzahl und damit etwas abgeschwächtem Fluoreszenzsignal bis zu 72h nach Probenentnahme mit FISH unverändert sensitiv nachweisbar sind, ohne dass eine Überwucherung langsamer wachsender Keime eintritt. Zum anderen sollte eine Minimierung der Hintergrundfluoreszenz erreicht werden. Verschiedene Modifikationen des Hybridisierungsprotokolls wurden miteinander verglichen. Durch die Absättigung unspezifischer Bindungsstellen der Oligonukleotidsonden mittels einer 30minütigen Vorinkubation mit freiem Biotin wurde die Hintergrundfluoreszenz erfolgreich vermindert, wobei die markierten Bakterien unverändert gut nachweisbar waren. Um die quantitative Auswertung der Sputumproben zu vereinfachen, wurde weiter ein Protokoll zur Analyse der FISH-Proben im Durchflusszytometer entwickelt. Durch diese schnelle, automatisierte Technik entfällt die zeitraubende manuelle Auswertung der Proben. Eine Integration dieser neu entwickelten Ergänzungen in bestehende Protokolle vereinfacht und beschleunigt die mikrobielle Diagnostik CF-typischer Erreger und eröffnet die Möglichkeit eines größeren Probendurchsatzes ohne zusätzliche Kosten.