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Mind Pump Fit Tip: Top 10 all-cause mortality risk factors. (1:49) Trigger sessions to boost cognitive function. (22:32) Pyramids or ancient power grids? (25:47) Shilajit can preserve bone density. (35:29) The controversy surrounding food stamps. (39:17) Frightening fentanyl statistics. (45:07) PSA: Cautioning the audience when using a massage gun around your neck. (48:56) Justin's Road to a 315 Push Press. (53:13) #ListenerLive question #1 – How to set a good standard for strength? Best PRs for testing strength? (1:03:10) #ListenerLive question #2 – Would it be wiser to focus solely on unilateral training so that my whole body is balanced before I jump into bilateral heavy training again? (1:14:39) #ListenerLive question #3 – What exercise techniques, meant for tall people, might also apply to me as a short person? (1:26:47) #ListenerLive question #4 – Any suggestions on increasing my squat weight without causing low-back pain? (1:39:56) Related Links/Products Mentioned Ask a question to Mind Pump, live! Email: live@mindpumpmedia.com Visit Organifi for the exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! **Promo code MINDPUMP at checkout for 20% off** Visit Rock Recovery Center for the exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! ** Ben and Tom know firsthand the struggles of addiction and alcoholism. With years of experience helping thousands of individuals, they're offering you a free consultation call to discuss your situation. Whether you're personally battling addiction or have a loved one in need of help, they're here to guide you toward the support you need. By filling out the form and scheduling your call, you'll also be entered for a chance to win a free 60-day scholarship at Rock Recovery Center, their premier treatment center in West Palm Beach, Florida. Don't wait—take the first step today. ** March Promotion: MAPS Performance or MAPS Performance Advanced 50% off! ** Code MARCH50 at checkout ** Associations of exercise snacks with cognitive function among older adults in NHANES 2011–2014 Pyramids Or Ancient Power Grids? Radar Scans Reveal Massive Underground Structures In Egypt's Giza Shilajit extract reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and bone loss to dose-dependently preserve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial American Heart Association Retracts Opposition To Barring Soda, Candy From Food Stamps Fentanyl Statistics 2025: Latest Overdose & Addiction Data Justin's Road to 315 Push Press Experience the science of longevity and peak physical performance with the Joint & Muscle Bundle from Promethean Bioregulators. ** CODE: JUSTINMPM for 10% off any first order (not only the Muscle and Joint bundle). ** Visit Brain.fm for an exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners. ** Get 30 days of free access to science-backed music. ** Mind Pump #2555: The Muscle-Building Secrets of Unilateral Training Mind Pump Podcast – YouTube Mind Pump Free Resources People Mentioned Justin Brink DC (@dr.justinbrink) Instagram Jordan Shallow D.C (@the_muscle_doc) Instagram
BUFFALO, NY — March 26, 2025 — A new #research paper was #published in Aging (Aging-US) on January 29, 2025, in Volume 17, Issue 2, titled “Diet, lifestyle and telomere length: using Copula Graphical Models on NHANES data.” Researchers Angelo M. Tedaldi, Pariya Behrouzi, and Pol Grootswagers from Wageningen University and Research used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to explore how diet and lifestyle affect telomere length, a key marker of cellular aging. They found that inflammation—rather than diet, exercise, or smoking—had the strongest and most consistent association to telomere shortening. The findings suggest that reducing inflammation may be more effective than dietary changes in slowing down the aging process at the cellular level. Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that get shorter as we age. When they become too short, cells lose the ability to divide properly, which can contribute to aging and age-related diseases. Previous studies suggested that healthy habits might protect telomeres, but many focused on a small number of factors and did not account for important elements like inflammation or differences in blood cell composition. This study aimed to take a more complete, data-driven approach. The research team analyzed health data from over 7,000 U.S. adults collected between 1999 and 2002. Using a method called Copula Graphical Modeling, they examined more than 100 variables—such as diet, physical activity, smoking, and blood biomarkers—across three age groups: Young (20–39 years), Middle (40–59 years), and Old (60–84 years). They found that telomere length was most strongly associated to age, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP)—a common marker of inflammation—and gamma-tocopherol, a form of vitamin E found in the blood. Higher CRP levels were consistently associated with shorter telomeres, especially in younger and middle-aged adults. The results suggest that while lifestyle factors like diet and exercise still play a role, their impact on aging may be indirect—mainly through their influence on inflammation. This finding shifts the focus toward managing chronic inflammation as a potentially more effective way to preserve telomere length and promote healthy aging. “The central role played by CRP and the marginal role of antioxidants suggests that telomeres are particularly vulnerable not to oxidative stress, but to inflammation; and they should be protected against it.” The study challenges earlier research that looked at individual lifestyle factors isolated. By using a more advanced and inclusive method, this analysis offers a clearer picture of how health behaviors, biological markers, and aging are connected. Although this research cannot prove a cause-and-effect relationship, it strongly supports the idea that inflammation plays a key role in cellular aging. The authors recommend further long-term studies to better understand how inflammation affects telomere length over time. In the meantime, reducing chronic inflammation may be one of the most important steps to help support healthy aging and reduce the risk of age-related diseases. DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206194 Corresponding author - Angelo M. Tedaldi - angelomt1999@gmail.com Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2yXfF7iY6c Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ X - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/1X4HQQgegjReaf6Mozn6Mc MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM
Vitamin D is essential for bone health
In this episode of Quah (Q & A), Sal, Adam & Justin coach four Pump Heads via Zoom. Mind Pump Fit Tip: Five weird & proven hacks to SPEED up recovery. (2:46) Why you MUST have high standards when it comes to your supplements. (14:55) Muscle dysmorphia. (20:55) The Cola Wars saga. (24:47) Any guesses on how Sal injured his hamstring? (27:00) Surprising foods that contain red dyes. (31:25) An alarming recent study on long COVID. (35:38) Kids say and do the darndest things. (38:03) Shout out to the Whole-Brain Child book. (39:42) #ListenerLive question #1 – Is there a way to bridge this ‘sleep debt' gap to push through a training plateau? (53:26) #ListenerLive question #2 – What can I do to minimize forearm pain without sacrificing my workout progress? (1:04:43) #ListenerLive question #3 – Any advice on injury management, powerlifting, mobility, and where to go from here from an SI joint injury? (1:10:01) #ListenerLive question #4 – I went for my annual checkup and my PCP said my creatinine levels were slightly elevated so I should stop taking creatine. Any thoughts on this? (1:21:19) Related Links/Products Mentioned Ask a question to Mind Pump, live! Email: live@mindpumpmedia.com Visit Organifi for the exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! ** Code MINDPUMP at checkout for 20% off. ** Visit NED for an exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! ** Code MINDPUMP at checkout for 20% off ** MAPS Transform Special Launch! ** Code TRANSFORM70 at checkout. $70 Off Gym + At Home workouts. Includes: Adam's 90-Day Body Recomp Journal, and the MAPS Transformation Diet Guide. ** Scientists identify how fasting may protect against inflammation The ketogenic diet as a treatment for traumatic brain injury: a scoping review NOW Testing IDs Creatine Gummies Failings (Plus Brands That Deliver) The association between dietary creatine intake and cancer in U.S. adults: insights from NHANES 2007-2018 Muscle-building supplements may put teens at risk for a body image disorder, study finds The botched Coca-Cola heist of 2006 - The Hustle Immune markers of post-vaccination syndrome indicate future research directions The Whole-Brain Child: 12 Revolutionary Strategies to Nurture Your Child's Developing Mind Visit Luminose by Entera for an exclusive offer for Mind Pump listeners! ** Promo code MPM at checkout for 10% off their order or 10% off their first month of a subscribe-and-save. ** Train the Trainer Webinar Series Mind Pump #1927: Performance Training Secrets from a Top NBA Trainer With Cory Schlesinger How To Do The Zottman Curl – Mind Pump TV How To Fix Golfers Elbow And Elbow Pain With A Stick MAPS Prime Webinar Mind Pump #2497: The Amazing & Weird Side Effects of Creatine Mind Pump Group Coaching Mind Pump Podcast – YouTube Mind Pump Free Resources People Mentioned Joe De Sena (@realjoedesena) Instagram
Welcome to the Plant-Based Canada Podcast. In this episode we are joined by Dr. Meaghan Kavanagh to chat about diet-disease relationships and translating nutrition knowledge into action for cardiovascular health.Meaghan is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Nutritional Sciences at the University of Toronto and the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre at St. Michael's Hospital, mentored by Dr. John Sievenpiper. Her research explores diet-chronic disease relationships through clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and epidemiology. Recipient of the CIHR-MSFSS award, she visited the CDC in Atlanta as a Guest Researcher to investigate the Portfolio Diet's cardiovascular benefits in the NHANES program.Meaghan is dedicated to translating her research into practical tools, including the PortfolioDiet.app, developed for cardiovascular disease prevention.Before her Ph.D., Meaghan was a project manager at the University of Toronto (2016-2020), researching dietary patterns and disease prevention with Dr. David Jenkins, and Clinical Coordinator for the STOP Sugars NOW Trial at St. Michael's Hospital (2019-2020) with Dr. John Sievenpiper. She completed her M.Sc. at the University of Guelph with Drs. Lindsay Robinson and Amanda Wright and her B.Sc. thesis with Dr. Alison Duncan.In 2025, Meaghan will continue as a Banting Postdoctoral Fellow with Dr. Frank Hu at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.Resources:Global Burden of DiseaseGlobal Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, Lancet 2024Glenn A, et al., AJCN 2024Portfolio Diet Meta-Analysis BMJ Open - newspaper reliable reportingRepresentation of statins in the British newsprint media Dr. Meaghan Kavanagh's Socials:Twitter: @MeaghanKavanag1 LinkedInGoogle Scholar ResearchGatePlant-Based Canada's Socials:Instagram (@plantbasedcanadaorg)Facebook (Plant-Based Canada, https://m.facebook.com/plantbasedcanadaorg/)Website (https://www.plantbasedcanada.org/)X / Twitter @PBC_orgBonus Content from University of GuelphDo you want to take your plant-based knowledge to the next level? Stay tuned for a special promo code!The online Plant-Based Nutrition Certificate through Open Learning and Educational Support at the University of Guelph has everything you need to know about implementing a sustainable plant-based diet.Each course is just four weeks long and will guide you through essential topics including nutritional benefits, disease prevention, and environmental impacts. You can also customize your learning with unique courses such as Plant-Based Diets for Athletes and Implementing a Plant-Based Diet at Home.As the first university-level plant-based certificate in Canada, you'll explore currentSupport the show
How can we make sense of conflicting studies? One paper suggests a ketogenic diet reduces all-cause mortality, while another claims it raises blood pressure. Are large-scale survey tools like NHANES—the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey—really the best way to answer these complex questions? In this insightful interview, Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota, an internal medicine clinician, educator, and data enthusiast, explains how to critically evaluate research findings. He highlights the strengths and limitations of different types of studies, using engaging analogies to help you better understand when and how to apply research conclusions. In this video you'll learn: The importance of choosing the right tool (study) for the task Strengths and weaknesses of large population studies like NHANES Practical advice for interpreting conflicting health and nutrition research If you're passionate about understanding health research and making evidence-based decisions, this interview is a must-watch! Expert Featured: Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota X: @AdrianSotoMota Studies Mentioned Ketogenic diets are associated with an elevated risk of hypertension: Insights from a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES 2007–2018 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200342 Comparing Very Low-Carbohydrate vs DASH Diets for Overweight or Obese Adults With Hypertension and Prediabetes or Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2968 The ketogenic diet has the potential to decrease all-cause mortality without a concomitant increase in cardiovascular-related mortality https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73384-x CMEs Mentioned Managing Major Mental Illness with Dietary Change: The New Science of Hope https://www.mycme.com/courses/managing-major-mental-illness-with-dietary-change-9616 Brain Energy: The Metabolic Theory of Mental Illness https://www.mycme.com/courses/brain-energy-the-metabolic-theory-of-mental-illness-9615 Follow our channel for more insights and education from Dr. Bret Scher, including interviews with leading experts in metabolic psychiatry. Learn more about metabolic psychiatry and find helpful resources at https://metabolicmind.org/. About us Metabolic Mind is a non-profit initiative of Baszucki Group working to transform the study and treatment of mental disorders by exploring the connection between metabolism and brain health. We leverage the science of metabolic psychiatry and personal stories to offer education, community, and hope to people struggling with mental health challenges and those who care for them. Our channel is for informational purposes only. We are not providing individual or group medical or healthcare advice nor establishing a provider-patient relationship. Many of the interventions we discuss can have dramatic or potentially dangerous effects if done without proper supervision. Consult your healthcare provider before changing your lifestyle or medications.
HEALTH NEWS · Greater antioxidant intake linked with less abdominal aortic calcification · Half of adult ticks in the Northeast carry Lyme disease bacteria, study reveals · Could mulberry extract be the key to fighting obesity-induced reproductive dysfunction? · Aerobic exercise: A powerful ally in the fight against Alzheimer's · Your ability to balance on one leg reflects your brain health · Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances tai chi chuan–linked benefits, study claims Greater antioxidant intake linked with less abdominal aortic calcification Jiangsu University (China), January 13 2025 (Life Extension). A study reported in Nutrition Journal uncovered an association between consuming a diet that was higher in antioxidant nutrients and reduced calcification of the abdominal aorta. The aorta is the body's main artery, which arises from the heart to deliver oxygenated blood to the body through branching arteries. Calcification of the aorta occurs in atherosclerosis, the cause of cardiovascular disease. The study included 2,640 men and women aged 40 and older. Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) scores, which were based on the intake of vitamins A, C, and E, carotenoids, selenium and zinc, were determined from questionnaire responses from NHANES participants, who were evaluated according to low, middle or high scores. Higher Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index scores were associated with reduced abdominal aortic calcification. There was also an association revealed between high Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index scores and a low risk of severe calcification. Individuals with high Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index scores had a 64.8% lower adjusted risk of severe abdominal aortic calcification compared with those who were among the low scoring group.
En este episodio analizamos un estudio publicado en el European Heart Journal que investigó si el momento del día en que tomamos café influye en nuestra salud. El estudio incluyó datos de más de 40,000 adultos estadounidenses obtenidos a través de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES), complementados con datos del Estudio de Validación del Estilo de Vida de Mujeres y Hombres. Los investigadores identificaron dos patrones principales de consumo:Patrón matutino: consumo de café limitado a las horas de la mañana (36% de los participantes).Patrón de todo el día: consumo de café repartido a lo largo de toda la jornada (14% de los participantes).Durante un seguimiento mediano de 9.8 años, se registraron:4,295 muertes por todas las causas.1,268 muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares.934 muertes por cáncer.Los resultados mostraron que las personas con el patrón de consumo matutino tenían un menor riesgo de mortalidad por todas las causas (reducción del 16%) y un riesgo aún más bajo de mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares (reducción del 31%) en comparación con quienes no consumían café. Además, se observó que una mayor ingesta de café estaba asociada con un menor riesgo de mortalidad solo en aquellos con el patrón matutino, no en quienes bebían café durante todo el día.Sin embargo, al tratarse de un estudio observacional, es importante señalar que estos resultados muestran asociaciones, no causalidades. Aunque se ajustaron factores como horas de sueño, consumo de café con cafeína y descafeinado, y otras variables, no se puede descartar que existan otros factores que influyan en los resultados.En conclusión, el estudio sugiere que tomar café por la mañana podría ser más beneficioso para la salud que hacerlo en otros momentos del día, pero se necesitan más investigaciones, especialmente ensayos controlados, para confirmar estos hallazgos.¿Deberíamos replantearnos nuestra rutina con el café?FUENTE: https://static.primary.prod.gcms.the-infra.com/static/site/eurheartj/document/ehae871.pdf?node=9616b797bc65f23e8519Conviértete en un seguidor de este podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/comiendo-con-maria-nutricion--2497272/support.
Diabetes Dialogue: Therapeutics, Technology, & Real-World Perspectives
In this episode, hosts Diana Isaacs, PharmD, an endocrine clinical pharmacist, director of Education and Training in Diabetes Technology, and codirector of Endocrine Disorders in Pregnancy at the Cleveland Clinic, and Natalie Bellini, DNP, program director of Diabetes Technology at University Hospitals Diabetes and Metabolic Care Center, take a deep dive into 3 pieces of news related to diabetes management and incretin therapies, including the BPROAD trial, tirzepatide in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with obesity, and an NHANES analysis suggesting more than 50% of US adults qualify for semaglutide. BPROAD Presented at the American Heart Association (AHA) Annual Scientific Sessions 2024, BPROAD examined the effects of 120 mmHg vs 140 mmHg blood pressure goals among a cohort of 50 years of age or older with type 2 diabetes, elevated systolic blood pressure, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease at 145 clinical sites across China. With a follow-up period lasting up to 5 years, the trial's primary outcome was a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, treatment or hospitalization for heart failure, or death from cardiovascular causes. Upon analysis, results suggested the mean SBP levels in participants at the 4-year visit were 120.6 mmHg in the intensive treatment group and 132.1 mmHg in the standard treatment group. Those receiving the intensive treatment regimen experienced a 21% lower relative risk of major cardiovascular events during the follow-up period, compared with those on standard treatment (HR 0.79; 95% Cl, 0.69 to 0.90; P
Chris Weld worked for years in emergency rooms, then ditched that career and bought an old farm in Massachusetts. He set up a distillery and started making prize-winning spirits. When cannabis was legalized, he jumped into that too — and the first few years were lucrative. But now? It turns out that growing, processing, and selling weed is more complicated than it looks. He gave us the grand tour. (Part three of a four-part series.) SOURCES:Chris Bennett, operations manager at Berkshire Mountain Distillers.Luca Boldrini, head of cultivation at The Pass.Yasmin Hurd, director of the Addiction Institute at Mount Sinai.Chris Weld, founder and owner of Berkshire Mountain Distillers. RESOURCES:"As America's Marijuana Use Grows, So Do the Harms," by Megan Twohey, Danielle Ivory, and Carson Kessler (The New York Times, 2024)."Evaluation of Dispensaries' Cannabis Flowers for Accuracy of Labeling of Cannabinoids Content," by Mona M. Geweda, Chandrani G. Majumdar, Mahmoud A. ElSohly, et al. (Journal of Cannabis Research, 2024)."The Complicated, Risky — but Potentially Lucrative — Business of Selling Cannabis," by James R. Hagerty (The Wall Street Journal, 2023)."Marijuana Content Labels Can't Be Trusted," by Shira Schoenberg (CommonWealth Beacon, 2022)."Growing Cannabis Indoors Produces a Lot of Greenhouse Gases — Just How Much Depends on Where It's Grown," by Jason Quinn and Hailey Summers (The Conversation, 2021)."Blood and Urinary Metal Levels Among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005-2018)," by Katlyn E. McGraw, Anne E, Nigra, Tiffany R. Sanchez, et al. (Environmental Health Perspectives, 2018)."The Carbon Footprint of Indoor Cannabis Production," by Evan Mills (Energy Policy, 2012). EXTRAS:"Cannabis Is Booming, So Why Isn't Anyone Getting Rich?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024)."Is America Switching From Booze to Weed?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024).
When was the last time you thought about iron? It can be an easily overlooked mineral in our diet. Turns out, it deserves a little more attention and fanfare, especially for the role it plays in brain health. In today's episode we're talking all about iron, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia. What are the signs of iron deficiency? How much iron do you need? And what's the best way to get more iron in your diet? This episode is in collaboration with the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, a contractor of the Beef Checkoff. Beef and Iron (beefitswhatsfordinner.com) Beef In the Early Years (beefitswhatsfordinner.com) Beef for Tweens and Teens (beefitswhatsfordinner.com) Nutrition (beefitswhatsfordinner.com) Sources for this episode include: National Institutes of Health, Iron Fact Sheet for Health Professionals National Academy of Sciences, Dietary Reference Intakes Summary Tables What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017-March 2020 Prepandemic Global, regional, and national burdens of common micronutrient deficiencies from 1990 to 2019: A secondary trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study Psychiatric disorders risk in patients with iron deficiency anemia and association with iron supplementation medications: a nationwide database analysis Iron Status in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Peripheral iron levels in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis Irritability and Perceived Expressed Emotion in Adolescents With Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Case-Control Study Stat Pearls. Biochemistry, Iron Absorption Iron Absorption: Factors, Limitations, and Improvement Methods The Effect of the Meat Factor in Animal-Source Foods on Micronutrient Absorption: A Scoping Review Thank you for listening to The Happy Eating Podcast. Tune in weekly on Thursdays for new episodes! For even more Happy Eating, head to our website! https://www.happyeatingpodcast.com Learn More About Our Hosts: Carolyn Williams PhD, RD: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/realfoodreallife_rd/ Website: https://www.carolynwilliamsrd.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/RealFoodRealLifeRD/ Brierley Horton, MS, RD Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brierleyhorton/ Got a question or comment for the pod? Please shoot us a message! happyeatingpodcast@gmail.com Produced by Lester Nuby OE Productions
When was the last time you thought about iron? It can be an easily overlooked mineral in our diet. Turns out, it deserves a little more attention and fanfare, especially for the role it plays in brain health. In today's episode we're talking all about iron, iron deficiency, and iron-deficiency anemia. What are the signs of iron deficiency? How much iron do you need? And what's the best way to get more iron in your diet? This episode is in collaboration with the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, a contractor of the Beef Checkoff. Beef and Iron (beefitswhatsfordinner.com) Beef In the Early Years (beefitswhatsfordinner.com) Beef for Tweens and Teens (beefitswhatsfordinner.com) Nutrition (beefitswhatsfordinner.com) Sources for this episode include: National Institutes of Health, Iron Fact Sheet for Health Professionals National Academy of Sciences, Dietary Reference Intakes Summary Tables What We Eat in America, NHANES 2017-March 2020 Prepandemic Global, regional, and national burdens of common micronutrient deficiencies from 1990 to 2019: A secondary trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study Psychiatric disorders risk in patients with iron deficiency anemia and association with iron supplementation medications: a nationwide database analysis Iron Status in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Peripheral iron levels in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis Irritability and Perceived Expressed Emotion in Adolescents With Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Case-Control Study Stat Pearls. Biochemistry, Iron Absorption Iron Absorption: Factors, Limitations, and Improvement Methods The Effect of the Meat Factor in Animal-Source Foods on Micronutrient Absorption: A Scoping Review Thank you for listening to The Happy Eating Podcast. Tune in weekly on Thursdays for new episodes! For even more Happy Eating, head to our website! https://www.happyeatingpodcast.com Learn More About Our Hosts: Carolyn Williams PhD, RD: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/realfoodreallife_rd/ Website: https://www.carolynwilliamsrd.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/RealFoodRealLifeRD/ Brierley Horton, MS, RD Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brierleyhorton/ Got a question or comment for the pod? Please shoot us a message! happyeatingpodcast@gmail.com Produced by Lester Nuby OE Productions
Chances are, you're one of the 95% of Americans missing a key nutrient in your diet. In this episode, Dr. Mark Hyman pulls back the curtain on the supplement industry, revealing the critical role of vitamins and minerals in addressing deficiencies that most of us face every day. Learn how environmental factors, modern farming practices, and chronic stress have made supplementation vital for optimal health. Join the Health Hacks community and follow @healthhackspod on social for exclusive insights, expert advice and the latest in health science. 0:00 – Why supplements are non-negotiable for filling nutrient gaps 2:36 – Are you nutrient deficient? 10:25 – Surprising findings from the NHANES study: Are RDAs enough for optimal health? 17:11 – Why the food we eat today isn't as nutritious as it used to be 21:26 – How environmental toxins are quietly depleting your body's nutrients 24:13 – Navigating the confusing world of supplement regulation 28:16 – Can you really trust supplements? The evidence behind their effectiveness 32:22 – What nutrients should be on your radar and how they boost your health 35:14 – How to tailor your supplements to specific health conditions and stages of life 45:55 – Is the pharmaceutical industry keeping us from better health? Uncovering research bias 54:06 – Natural supplements vs. pharmaceutical drugs: Which works better? 57:24 – The latest scientific research on supplements for disease prevention 1:02:10 – How to ensure your supplements are safe and effective: Tips on quality assurance 1:05:32 – Personalized supplement strategies: What's right for you? 1:09:37 – The far-reaching impact of nutrient deficiencies on your overall health
We covered: Menopause treatment in Europe and particularly in Holland Which countries in Europe are more progressive Menopause guidelines and doctor training in Europe The attitudes of women and practitioners (GPs) toward HRT in Europe What our guest is going to do with the 7 million euro grant for menopause research and how she got it. What hot flashes put us more at risk for Mental health and menopause Tips on how to ease through menopause and lower the symptoms How women differ from men in medicine and what needs to change in the curriculum and in the workplace in Europe The best way to get information on menopause The big myths of menopause in Europe Testosterone recommendations from the International Menopause Society Dr. Dorenda Van Dijken is born and raised in Amsterdam, Holland. Completed her medical education at the University of Amsterdam. Since 1994 she has been a gynecologist at the OLVG (Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis is a major clinical hospital situated near Oosterpark in Amsterdam in the Netherlands). Chairman Dutch Menopause Society. Board of IMS (International Menopause Society) Member of the Editorial Board of the website www.vrouwenindeovergang.nl . Contact point Social Card VGV Amsterdam. Member of the NVOG (Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology) Guidelines writers group. Member of the Board of VPG (Reproductive Medicine department) Pillar NVOG. Teacher training in menopause nurses at Erasmus MC Rotterdam - Erasmus University Medical Center, the largest and one of the most authoritative scientific University Medical Centers in Europe Global Consensus Position Statement on the Use of Testosterone Therapy for Women https://www.imsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/global-consensus-testosterone-english.pdf RESOURCES: Female androgen insufficiency: the Princeton consensus statement on definition, classification, and assessment https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11937111/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7098532/levels. Association between testosterone levels and bone mineral density in females aged 40–60 years from NHANES 2011–2016: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-21008-7 Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Volumetric Bone Density and Strength in Older Men With Low Testosterone: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2604138 Testosterone deficiency in women: etiologies, diagnosis, and emerging treatments: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11991434/ Higher serum free testosterone concentration in older women is associated with greater bone mineral density, lean body mass, and total fat mass: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/96/4/989/2720846 Testosterone pellet therapy alone or in combination with low-dose E2 pellet therapy improved spine and hip BMD. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1094695023000422 Contact Dr. Dorenda Van Dijken: Website: https://demenopauzespecialist.nl/dorenda-van-dijken/ Website: https://www.olvg.nl/zorgverleners/drs-d-k-e-van-dijken/ This episode is sponsored by Oxford Healthspan. The makers of my favorite spermidine supplement Primeadine. Use code ZORA for 15% off Primeadine spermidine here. Download the Hack My Age menopause programs to optimize your menopause journey with evidence biohacks tailor made for a woman in perimenopause and menopause. Join the Biohacking Menopause community now for information and sharing you won't find anywhere else. This month's giveaway....win a Glycanage biological age test kit. Join before August 1, 2024 to enter into the draw. If you missed the deadline, grab Glycanage kit for 15% off with the code ZORA here. Join the Hack My Age community on: Facebook Page : @Hack My Age Facebook Group: @Biohacking Menopause Instagram: @HackMyAge Website: HackMyAge.com Biohacking Menopause membership group Email: zora@hackmyage.com This podcast is edited by jonathanjk@gmail.com --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/hackmyage/support
A report by the CDC and NHANES found PFAS in the blood of 97% of Americans. PFAS stands for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. They are a growing class of over 9,000 chemicals made of carbon-fluorine bonds, making these chemicals non-biodegradable, and earning PFAS the nickname “Forever chemicals.” PFAS are also a human health concern, as exposures have been linked to cancer, liver damage, decreased fertility, and more. That's why we're so glad to be joined today by Leah Segedie. Leah is a consumer watchdog, author, activist, community organizer, & strategist. She is the founder of the award-winning consumer activist website Mamavation.com. We are so excited to have her join us today to discuss PFAS in food and products. Learn more about Leah's services: https://linkinprofile.com/mamavation Get tested for BPA, phthalates, parabens, and other hormone-disrupting chemicals with Million Marker's Detect & Detox Test Kit: https://www.millionmarker.com/
Michael Charlton and the Surfers discuss two issues: defining therapeutic futility for Rezdiffra and describing some advances in MASLD translational medicine. The conversation starts by continuing the topic of therapeutic futility. Louise Campbell asks Michael how he plans to determine therapeutic futility with Rezdiffra in terms of side effects or efficacy. Michael indicates that he will continue patients on Rezdiffra as long as their disease does not progress. While he would prefer a more robust approach, he describes the scale of challenge in defining futility for a drug where FibroScan and transaminase levels did not provide strong prediction.Roger Green asks what percentage of patients are taking concomitant GLP-1 therapy. This leads to a brief sideline discussion on levels of therapeutic adherence.Roger asks Michael what he find exciting in translational medicine these days. Michael cites the LiverRisk score, a developing test he describes as "substantially superior" to other biomarkers. His group is currently working with NHANES data to see whether this is predictive for patients who had transient elastography and met MASH criteria. He particularly wants to determine whether this is a dynamic test. Michael goes on to discuss the work his group is doing on the microbiome, where he and others are finding potentially valuable insights. The challenge continues to be how to translate these insights into clinically meaningful interventions.
These 3 simple vitamins can help support your thyroid in more ways than one and, based on data from NHANES, most people aren't getting enough of them from their diet. Here's how they work and why they are helpful: #1. The Pro-Thyroid Benefits of Vitamin A Vitamin A helps with the production of thyroid hormones, protects your thyroid gland from autoimmune disease, prevents thyroid gland enlargement, and protects against thyroid resistance. Up to 45% of the US population doesn't meet their vitamin A intake requirements from food so supplement may be a good idea. #2. The Pro-Thyroid Benefits of Vitamin D3 One study showed that hypothyroid patients taking vitamin D saw improvements in TSH levels and calcium regulation. Vitamin D also protects against thyroid cancer and both types of autoimmune thyroid disease (Graves' and Hashimoto's). #3. The Thyroid-Symptom Related Benefits of Vitamin K2 Vitamin K2 can help prevent two of the biggest consequences of low thyroid function: osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. You can get all 3 vitamins here: https://www.restartmed.com/product/thyro-adk/ More supplements that support your thyroid: https://youtu.be/MJH0NZtdKHY?si=Lj1YTQj_6Jl2wh5O Download my free thyroid resources here (including hypothyroid symptoms checklist, the complete list of thyroid lab tests + optimal ranges, foods you should avoid if you have thyroid disease, and more): https://www.restartmed.com/start-here/ Recommended thyroid supplements to enhance thyroid function: - Supplements that everyone with hypothyroidism needs: https://bit.ly/3tekPej - Supplement bundle to help reverse Hashimoto's: https://bit.ly/3gSY9eJ - Supplements for those without a thyroid and for those after RAI: https://bit.ly/3tb36nZ - Supplements for active hyperthyroidism: https://bit.ly/3t70yHo See ALL of my specialized supplements including protein powders, thyroid supplements, and weight loss products here: https://www.restartmed.com/shop/ Want more from my blog? I have more than 400+ well-researched blog posts on thyroid management, hormone balancing, weight loss, and more. See all blog posts here: https://www.restartmed.com/blog/ Prefer to listen via podcast? Download all of my podcast episodes here: https://apple.co/3kNYTCS Disclaimer: Dr. Westin Childs received his Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine from Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic medicine in 2013. His use of “doctor” or “Dr.” in relation to himself solely refers to that degree. Dr. Childs is no longer practicing medicine and does not hold an active medical license so he can focus on helping people through videos, blog posts, research, and supplement formulation. To read more about why he is no longer licensed please see this page: https://www.restartmed.com/what-happened-to-my-medical-license/ This video is for general informational, educational, and entertainment purposes only. It should not be used to self-diagnose and it is not a substitute for a medical exam, treatment, diagnosis, prescription, or recommendation. It does not create a doctor-patient relationship between Dr. Childs and you. You should not make any changes to your medications or health regimens without first consulting a physician. If you have any questions please consult with your current primary care provider. Restart Medical LLC and Dr. Westin Childs are not liable or responsible for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis, or any other information, services, or product you obtain through this website or video. #thyroid #hypothyroidism #hashimoto's
If a simple staircase becomes your Everest, it's not just about stamina—it's a hint about your health's future. I'm excited to speak with Dr. Andy Galpin in this episode, who is a true expert in exercise science and peak performance. Dr. Galpin breaks down his essential tips for optimizing health over 40, emphasizing the critical roles of VO2 max, grip strength, and balance exercises in your fitness regimen. We also touch on the topics of exercise recovery, his FDA-approved do-it-yourself sleep lab, and his upcoming podcast, “Perform with Andy Galpin.” Discover how boosting your fitness level can empower you to breeze through your daily activities and maintain a high quality of life as you age. FULL show notes: jjvirgin.com/andy Subscribe to my podcast Learn more about Dr. Andy Galpin: https://www.andygalpin.com/ Listen to Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin: https://lnk.to/perform Subscribe to Dr. Andy Galpin's YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@drandygalpin Learn 5-Minute Physiology: https://www.andygalpin.com/5-minute-physiology Learn 25-Minute Physiology: https://www.andygalpin.com/25-minute-physiology Learn 55-Minute Physiology: https://www.andygalpin.com/55-minute-physiology Visit Absolute Rest: https://www.absoluterest.com/ Visit BioMolecular Athlete: https://www.biomolecularathlete.com/ RAPID Health Optimization: https://rapidhealthreport.com/ Learn about VO₂ Max: https://www.healthline.com/health/vo2-max Study: Strength and multiple types of physical activity predict cognitive function independent of low muscle mass in NHANES 1999–2002 Reignite Wellness™ Omega Plus: https://store.jjvirgin.com/products/omega-plus Reignite Wellness™ Amino Power Powder: https://store.jjvirgin.com/products/amino-power-powder Reignite Wellness™ Extra Fiber: https://store.jjvirgin.com/collections/supplements/products/extra-fiber Reignite Wellness™ Curcumin Chews: https://store.jjvirgin.com/collections/supplements/products/curcumin-chews Reignite Wellness™ Protein First Enzymes: https://store.jjvirgin.com/products/protein-first-enzymes Reignite Wellness™ Brownie Crunch Protein Bars: https://store.jjvirgin.com/products/brownie-crunch-protein-bar Visit AxioForce: https://axioforce.com/
"In my practice, a significant number of people with autoimmune disease have a history of toxic stress and trauma," says Sara Gottfried, M.D. Sara, a Harvard- and MIT-trained integrative medicine doctor and four-time New York Times bestselling author, joins us to discuss the emotional triggers for autoimmune disease, plus: - How traditional medicine falls short with autoimmune disease (~00:02) - Subtle signs of an autoimmune issue (~02:25) - How trauma impacts your health (~04:27) - How to know if your health condition has emotional ties (~12:03) - How to identify your body's trigger points (~16:21) - How stress impacts your inflammatory response (~19:07) - How to correctly follow an elimination diet (~23:39) - What Sara learned from psychedelic-assisted therapy (~27:12) - Why you should know your sensitivity threshold (~30:37) - MDMA versus ketamine-assisted therapy (~35:59) - The future of psychedelics in medicine (~45:29) - Why we shouldn't put holistic medicine on a pedestal (~49:03) - How to have nuance with lifestyle & pharmaceutical methods (~52:33) - How to measure your ACE score & why it matters (~56:33) Take 25% off vitamin D3 potency+ with code D3POD. Cannot combine with gift cards or other discount codes. Apply code at checkout. Referenced in the episode: - Sara's book, The Autoimmune Cure - mbg Podcast episodes #486 and #340, with Sara - Kaiser Permanente ACE study - NHANES survey on antinuclear antibodies - mbg Podcast episode #125, with Jason Karp - A 2021 study on MDMA & PTSD - Sara's ACE questionnaire We hope you enjoy this episode, and feel free to watch the full video on YouTube! Whether it's an article or podcast, we want to know what we can do to help here at mindbodygreen. Let us know at: podcast@mindbodygreen.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Are you a late-night snacker? Do you sometimes get home late and push dinner back to 8 or 9 PM? Perhaps you've heard somewhere that eating right before bed is "bad for you"? Is this true? Does the timing of our eating have any impact on our health? How can we know?? RELAX! Your Doctor Friends have got you covered. To start off the new year (and following our trend of starting January episodes with "resolution-adjacent" topics), Jeremy did a deep dive into the data behind "chrono-nutrition". CHRONO= time, and NUTRITION= well... nutrition. Put them together and you've got the concept of following your body's circadian rhythm to time out your eating habits! What happens when we eat late? Does it affect our sleep? What about our metabolism? Is there benefit to changing up our eating times? Your Doctor Friends have scoured the evidence and would love to present you with a little "book report" to help you decide what works best for YOU. Listen to the end for our "dessert" topic, where Julie discusses the new FDA-approved home testing for sexually-transmitted infections! HAPPY NEW YEAR, FRIENDS! It's great to be back :) - J&J Resources for this episode include: An October 2023 article from Clinical Nutrition about chrononutrition using NHANES data. A NYT article titled "Is It Bad to Eat Late at Night?". The CDC website for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A January 2023 article from Verywell Health about chrononutrition. A May 2023 article from Verywell Health titled "Is Eating Before Bed Bad For You?". The NIH webpage discussing circadian rhythms. An NBC News article from November 2023 titled "Will first FDA-approved at-home test for gonorrhea, chlamydia ease the epidemic?". The FDA news release regarding its approval of the "Simple 2" gonorrhea and chlamydia home test. Link to the "Let's Get Checked" website for the "Simple 2" at-home gonorrhea and chlamydia home test. For more episodes, limited edition merch, or to become a Friend of Your Doctor Friends (and more), follow this link! This includes the famous "Advice from the last generation of doctors that inhaled lead" shirt :) Also, CHECK OUT AMAZING HEALTH PODCASTS on The Health Podcast Network Find us at: Website: yourdoctorfriendspodcast.com Email: yourdoctorfriendspodcast@gmail.com Connect with us: @your_doctor_friends (IG) Send/DM us a voice memo/question and we might play it on the show! @yourdoctorfriendspodcast1013 (YouTube) @JeremyAllandMD (IG, FB, Twitter) @JuliaBrueneMD (IG) @HealthPodNet (IG)
Are toxins like BPA, phthalates, and heavy metals destroying your bones? How can we support healthy bones and removal of toxins that may interfere? Tune in to hear us discuss bone health, the role of toxicity on osteoporosis, and food-as-medicine and supplement support to maintain bone health. Toxic metals and endocrine disrupting chemicals (such as BPA in plastic water bottles) interfere with the signaling of osteoblasts our bone building cells while depleting antioxidants and driving bone destruction. Not only are toxins driving obesity but now we have another reason for targeted detox support! In this episode we will cover emerging research on the impact of toxins on your bone health, ways to reduce toxicity, and top supplements and nutrients of focus to support your bones! Also in this episode: Episode 122: Building Strong Bones Episode 144 All About Collagen Episode 205 Structural Health Support Episode 345 Bone Health & Calcium Myths January LIVE Food-as-Medicine Ketosis Program Why Bone Health Matters Diet Risk Factors How Does Keto Affect Your BonesLong-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet and an isocaloric low-fat diet on bone health in obese adults - ScienceDirect The Role of Collagen in Bone Health Toxins and Bone Health Environmental toxins are a major cause of bone loss Exposure to heavy metals and the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Urinary phthalate biomarkers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women Association of bone mineral density with nine urinary personal care and consumer product chemicals and metabolites: a national-representative, population-based study Relationship of blood heavy metals and osteoporosis among the middle-aged and elderly adults: a secondary analysis from NHANES 2013 to 2014 and 2017 to 2018 Association of air particulate pollution with bone loss over time and bone fracture risk: analysis of data from two independent studies Ambient air pollution, bone mineral density and osteoporosis: results from a national population-based cohort study Adherence to Mediterranean diet in relation to bone mineral density and risk of fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Reducing Toxicity in Your HomeBranch Basics use code ALIMILLERRD Air Doctor Filter Episode 292 All About Water Detox Support Cellular Antiox 10 Day Detox How To Do a Healthy Detox - YouTube Microbiome and Bone HealthLactobacillus reuteri reduces bone loss in older women with low bone mineral density: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial. “Osteomicrobiology”: the nexus between bone and bugs Food as Medicine For Bone HealthNori Salmon Roll Up Top supplements for bone health: OsteoFactors MCHC bone matrix form of bioavailable calcium with phosphorus and bone growth factors Vitamin D Balanced Blend to aid in calcium absorption and direct the calcium into the bone while preventing kidney stones and calcification of arteries Cellular Antiox contains NAC and glutathione to aid in detoxification of heavy metals while reducing joint inflammation and pain and supporting antioxidant status Detox Packs contain botanicals and antioxidants for phase 1 support and protection against free radicals while providing an abundance of sulfur containing amino acids for phase 2 detox support to aid in safe excretion of toxins. Pure Collagen a grassfed collagen lab tested for toxic metals and containing Fortibone the unique peptide clinically proven to improve bone density scores. This episode is sponsored by: Noble Origins, an animal-based organs focused company serving up Nose-To-Tail Protein With Organs, Collagen, & Colostrum. Our Noble Organs Complex is a powdered blend of high-quality beef organs from New Zealand-sourced grass-fed Beef liver, heart, kidney, pancreas, and spleen. Bring Nose-to-tail nutrition to the masses that need it most: Americans. We do this through a delicious once-a-day shake that the whole family can love. Check it out here and use code ALIMILLERRD to get a free bag of Noble Organs Complex at checkout.
A recent analysis of NHANES data from 2021 found that 40% of US adults aged 18 to 44 are insulin-resistant (IR) based on HOMA-IR measurements. While obesity rates have increased considerably over the past 2 decades, this rapid increase in prevalence was not only associated with increased adiposity. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and limited physical activity also increased insulin resistance. PCOS and IR are intimately tied, although not all PCOS patients will have clinical or biochemical evidence of IR. And remember this clinical pearl: IR is NOT included in the diagnostic criteria for PCOS. According to published estimates, insulin resistance may be found in 44% to 90% of people with PCOS (the widespread percentage is due to various testing modalities and PCOS phenotypes). Screening for IR is an important aspect of preventative health maintenance in PCOS patients, and all patients deemed high risk. In this episode, we will provide an evidence-based review of the various modalities for IR screening and diagnosis.
You can also listen to this episode on Spotify!The new weight loss drugs such as Ozempic are stunningly effective at helping patients lose weight and improve their metabolic health. Their existence also seems to have intensified polarizing rhetoric around weight, health and BMI. On one end of the ideological spectrum, there is the “Healthy at Every Size” (HAES) movement that aims to decouple weight from worthiness—and argues that doctors who recommend weight loss to their patients with obesity do more harm by enabling body shaming without evidence to support the benefits of weight loss on health. On the other end of the spectrum is the camp that believes obesity is a result of poor health and life choices—and that patients with obesity should simply eat better and exercise more rather than succumb to the pharmaceutical industry's latest fad. is a Professor at Brown University, a best-selling author, and a leading voice in health economics. In her wildly popular newsletter, , she tackles pressing health issues of the day, helping people frame risk in order to make everyday decisions. Dr. Oster joins Dr. McBride on this week's episode of Beyond the Prescription to discuss the data on BMI and health, and how to empower readers and listeners with nuanced information to be healthy, inside and out. They review the data on the health benefits of exercise, independent of weight loss; the arbitrariness of BMI cut-offs; and the importance of focusing on health habits over a specific target weight. They agree that doctors do harm when they narrowly define health as a number on a scale—and the metabolic health involves addressing the medical, nutritional, behavioral or social-emotional elements of people's health. As Dr. McBride says, “Sometimes that includes weight loss medication. Sometimes it's a prescription to stop dieting and start eating lunch.”The transcript of our conversation is here![00:00:00] Dr. Lucy McBride: Hello, and welcome to my office. I'm Dr. Lucy McBride, and this is Beyond the Prescription, the show where I talk with my guests like I do my patients, pulling the curtain back on what it means to be healthy, redefining health as more than the absence of disease. As a primary care doctor, I've realized that patients are more than their cholesterol and their weight.[00:00:31] We are the integrated sum of complex parts. Our stories live in our bodies. I'm here to help people tell their story and for you to imagine and potentially get healthier from the inside out. You can subscribe to my free weekly newsletter at lucymcbride.substack.com and to the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts.[00:00:57] So let's get into it and go Beyond the Prescription. Today we have an amazing guest joining us, my friend Dr. Emily Oster. Emily is a renowned economist, a bestselling author, and a professor at Brown University. Emily is one of the leading voices in health economics. Her superpower is applying data to some of society's thorniest health questions, including why people don't always make rational health decisions.[00:01:30] In her wildly popular newsletter called Parent Data, Emily tackles pressing issues about pregnancy and parenting, helping decisions. I grabbed Emily today because I wanted to talk with her about her recent piece on body weight and health: What is the relationship between BMI and health? She pulled together a lot of data, and because weight is something I talk about with my patients every day, I thought I'd grab her for a chat. Emily, thank you so much for joining me today.[00:02:03] Emily Oster: Thank you so much for having me. It is a delight as always to see you. It's such a treat.[00:02:09] LM: Emily, you are no stranger to controversy. In fact, I was with you in the proverbial bunker during COVID, hiding from the haters who didn't like that you and I were trying to help message about risk. We were trying to help people better calibrate their degree of anxiety around COVID to their level of actual risk.[00:02:31] By the way, I stand by everything I said and wrote. I hope you do too. And it was so fun to work with you then as it is now. So when I think about sensitive subjects, I think also about weight. And so, why did you want to write about weight? Is it just that you like putting your finger in the electrical socket? Or, did you have something to say?[00:02:49] EO: So I've actually written about weight a bunch of times. So it is a topic that I work on in my academic work. So as a professor in economics, the work that I do is about health economics and statistical methods. And I actually work a lot on diet and dietary choices and why people make the dietary choices they do.[00:03:07] And so it's not specifically about weight, but it really is about food. And so this is a kind of source of data that I think about a lot. And as a result, I've written about a lot in many different ways. And every time I come at this and I've come at it from all of the angles. So I wrote a piece once called what's the best diet? [00:03:31] And it was just like the diet that you can stick to which is a sort of standard finding. But the frame was, you know, a lot of people are interested in diet. And when I write that, many people are very angry. They're sort of like, no diet works, we should never talk about dieting, is kind of what comes back.[00:03:48] I did an interview with Virginia Sol Smith, who I really like, and we don't always agree but is just one of my favorite people to talk to. She always makes me think about her book Fat Talk, which is very much in the other direction, sort of very much in the space of, we should definitely not be talking about BMI, we should throw away our scales, all foods are neutral.[00:04:10] And when I published that interview, I got it from the other side. I got the, you know, how could you possibly say this, cake and apple are not the same, like this is, this is insane. And I've written about Ozempic, so just anything, I mean, you know this—anytime you write about it in this space, there's really, really strong feelings from both sides.[00:04:26] So this piece was trying, as I always do, more or less, sometimes more successfully than others, is to try to thread the needle and say, look, let's look at the data and see between the view of BMI is completely meaningless and correlated with nothing, and the view that your BMI is completely deterministic of your health and that is the only information we should use.[00:04:49] Where is the truth? And how can we use the data to get to that?[00:04:52] LM: It is such a crucial question because everybody who's paying attention reads the headlines and understands from their doctor even that weight and weight management is good for your health. We have diet culture seeping into our pores. I mean, it's sort of in the air we breathe, everything you look at on the covers of magazines, on Instagram, and in doctor's offices is about weight, or it feels like it's about weight.[00:05:20] I see people all the time who have avoided coming to see me, even if I've known them for decades, because they thought they would feel better about themselves, and I would feel more proud of them if they had just lost weight before they came in. And as I say to patients all the time, weight is one piece of a larger puzzle.[00:05:36] It is not a reflection of your value, your worth. And it certainly doesn't tell us everything about your health. So I'd love to hear about your findings about the relationship between BMI and actual health. [00:05:50] EO: In my mind, the most, the sort of most important thing to note here is that something can be correlated and can have some explanatory power and not be all of the explanatory power. So one version of this question is to say, on average, if your weight is higher, are you more likely to have other health conditions?[00:06:13] And I should say, that's actually different from the question of whether weight causes other health conditions. But purely taking this from like a correlational standpoint, if you saw one piece of data about someone, you saw their BMI, would you learn anything about their health? And the answer is, yes. On average, there is a relationship, particularly at the upper end of BMI, between increasing BMI and worse health.[00:06:41] And in particular, worse metabolic health. So things like, there's a strong correlation between high weight and diabetes. That's just true in the data. Now, those relationships... are there, but they're actually not as big, I think, as many people think. And that's sort of the other thing that comes out of this.[00:06:58] And that, that has two parts. So one is actually, even to the extent that there's a positive relationship there, it doesn't show up until you start getting to sort of higher levels of BMI. So sometimes we talk, we talk about overweight being 25 BMI versus 24. Actually, the health differences between people with a BMI in the 25 to 30 versus 20 to 25, if anything, probably favor the 25 to 30, but you're certainly not seeing much in that range.[00:07:30] As you get into a BMI of 35-40 you do see some of those, some of those correlations. But it's also true that in almost any health outcome you look at there is variation within a group and that's the thing I was sort of trying to illustrate in the piece is you look at something like diabetes or the distribution of blood pressure, like the distribution of blood pressure, it's shifted up for people who are higher BMI, but there's a lot of overlaps.[00:07:56] Plenty of people with high blood pressure whose BMI is 19 and plenty of people with low blood pressure whose BMI is 38. And so that's the sense in which like this number Tells you maybe a little bit, but really not that much.[00:08:12] LM: let's talk about what BMI is. BMI, I mean, you define it for us here, Emily.[00:08:17] EO: BMI is a weight in kilograms divided by your height in meters squared. It's just a number.[00:08:22] LM: So what you pointed out so beautifully in your piece is that medicine does this weird thing where we say that a normal BMI, body mass index, is between 20 and 24.9, and overweight is 25-29. 9 [00:08:37] EO: You guys love a sharp cutoff. It's your, it's your favorite. You love it.[00:08:42] LM: I don't, but fine. The medical establishment loves these arbitrary cutoffs. There's nothing magical or particularly different between somebody who has a BMI of 24.9 and 25 and moreover, there are so many different elements that go into this whole person's health. That to call it a diagnosis point X and not a diagnosis at X minus .1 is ridiculous. So, you know, herein lies why we're here to talk about pulling back the curtain on what this actually means.[00:09:18] EO: Right. And, and so I should say, like, you might wonder why have any cutoffs in this at all? I think the answer to that is that when people are describing, not even doctors, when population health scientists are describing characteristics of populations, it can sometimes be useful to define categories.[00:09:40] So, you see this in weight, you also see it in something like low birth weight is another good example which has some cut-offs, right? So when we talk about baby weight, there's a number, 2,500 grams. And if a baby is below 2,500 grams, they're classified as low birth weight, and if they're above 2,500 grams, they're not.[00:09:56] There's nothing special about 2,500 grams, obviously, but it's helpful when we sort of describe a population. You want to say, does this, you know, is the low birth weight share in this population bigger than this population? We want to have a common language. And so saying, like, that's the cutoff we're going to use, so we have some number to compare, is helpful, it can be helpful. The same thing happens here. You want to describe characteristics of a population. I think the problem, and it actually shows up in the birth weight also, but the problem comes when we start, we take that, which is just away to use a number to make some descriptive statements about some population.[00:10:35] When we take that number and we decide it's meaningful. It's like a somehow a meaningful number that we would, that would tell us something if you were on either side of it. Of course it's not. And when you're using it for populations, for individuals and populations on which it was not based, I mean, this is a much deeper issue, but when we talk about BMI in particular, this is something, these are sort of cutoffs that were developed with reference to like a white European population, they may have very different meanings and relationships with health for different populations off of which they are not based. So there's a sort of whole other can of worms there.[00:11:14] LM: Totally. It's, I mean, to make an analogy briefly that you and I are familiar with is, you know, COVID risk, right? It's not that a 65-year-old, every 65 year old is at so much higher risk for outcomes. Then every 64-year-old, but there is truth to the fact that older people tend to get sicker on a population level when I'm talking to a patient who has just turned 65 and who is generally very healthy and active. I'm not going to counsel them in the same way. I'm going to talk to a 64 year old who's technically not at higher risk, who has myriad health problems. So population level data is one thing and then individual risk calibration and counseling.[00:11:58] EO: Yeah, and I think the piece of this that my senses provoke so much anxiety and discomfort in people is that it is true that, and I don't think you do this, but it is, I think, an experience people either have or fear having in their doctors. They'll be weighed, their BMI will be calculated, and then they'll be told, you know, well, you just, you edged up above, you know, 20, now you're 25.1, and like this is how we're going to define you, and that becomes such an important, like, number in the conversation, and so salient, and the words, I mean, the words we use, overweight versus normal weight, obese, those take on an attention and a meaning, and they didn't just label them BMI category one, BMI category two, which, Maybe would have been more helpful.[00:12:46] You're really using words that suggest that there's a way to be, which is normal, and then other ways to be. And that, that's, it's just not helpful. It's not, I don't think it's a helpful part of counseling. It starts people off on, on a bad, on a bad foot.[00:13:00] LM: Yeah, I mean, I think people, for better or worse, look at doctors as authority figures and people who, whose judgment matters. And if you have a doctor who is doing a little tsk, tsk, tsk, ooh, you're getting up there, that has real power in many ways. And so I think that has real power and can do real harm.[00:13:20] Which is not to say that doctors shouldn't be honest about the data in that patient's situation and what they could do and help to arm them with tools and information to be healthier. It's to say that shame is not appropriate or meaningful in any space, not to mention[00:13:37] EO: Yeah, and I think the other, the other piece that I sort of spent some time on in, in this, and is actually quite closely related to stuff I work on, is that it's actually, It's very hard for most people to lose weight. Like, we know, I mean, we can sort of put Ozempic, Wegovy aside, but for people just changing diet, changing habits, consistent long term weight loss happens for a very small share of the population.[00:14:04] And so, when we sort of start with the advice, you should lose weight, which people get, you know, in these situations, often that's just not possible. So it's like giving people a set of advice that they just... They're just going to fail on and then giving it as if, well, if only you could have this kind of willpower, if only you could achieve this, like that would be so important.[00:14:24] I think the whole dynamic ends up in a place where you're giving people advice they can't follow based on a number that may or may not be that meaningful and isn't very nuanced, and you can easily see why that generates frustration, sadness, discomfort, lack of productive conversation with your doctor.[00:14:43] And then by the way, turns off your ability to have a productive conversation because now we're like in defensive. Now you're like, well, you know, screw you, don't tell me what to do. What do you know?[00:14:54] LM: Right? If we learned nothing else during the pandemic, that trust is precious. And when you don't have trust between the doctor or patient, and there's a moralization of human behavior, we're just at a standstill. And so how do you see the data that you've pulled together in this piece and before this piece helping people, individuals who are reading your stuff and then going to the doctor's office, understand better what their weight.[00:15:21] EO: The piece I pulled out at the end that I thought was really meaningful was, in this piece I'm actually pulling data from the NHANES, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a very big survey of, of people, it weighs them, it measures them, collects a lot of biomarkers, which is why we can say all this stuff about, about health.[00:15:39] They also collect information about their exercise. And so if you look at people, if you sort of take a, a second, uh, almost a second metric of health and you ask like, okay, does this person do like some, some moderate amount of exercise a week and it's like some cutoff and you look at that relationship.[00:15:57] One of the things I show in the piece is that doing more exercise is correlated with better metabolic outcomes, better kind of health outcomes in various ways. And it's quit informative on top of BMI, and so people who are doing sort of exercise who have a BMI of like 40 actually have sort of similar metabolic health to people who like aren't doing any exercise and have a BMI that we would consider, you know, normal or, or thin.[00:16:26] And so I think for me that has sort of two pieces of it. One is that it just again emphasizes like this is one other thing you could like if you said like you can only learn two things about people It's like well, how much more could I add with a second thing? Well, actually like quite a lot the characteristic knowing somebody's BMI and whether they have exercised rigorously or moderately in the last week that tells you a lot more about their health than knowing their BMI alone You could add on top of that smoking… it's just one simple illustration of like how much more you could learn if you ask some more questions The other thing, and here I'm going to reveal what my husband is always saying, it's just like, just because you like to exercise, fine.[00:17:08] But like, actually, I think we should tell people to exercise. I think that we spend too much time telling people to lose weight with their diet, which is something we know is really difficult, and I think we should spend more time telling people, like, you should go take a walk after, like, try to walk for ten minutes every day.[00:17:27] You know, actually, it's not saying, like, you need to go run a marathon. But just some aerobic exercise. I think we have a lot of evidence from a lot of different places that that's associated with better health. And I think if we started telling people that and talking about that, we would then get to the questions like, well, how can we make it possible for everyone to do that?[00:17:45] How can we make there be safe places for people to do that? How can we increase access to sports? How can we be in a position where everybody is welcome to... to go running no matter what, you know, their race or body size or anything? And I think that's, you know, for me, that's something that's pretty, that's pretty important. And I think we're kind of missing with this focus on food.[00:18:08] LM: I totally agree. And what I love about the NHANES data is what you earlier said, which is that there's an incredibly tight correlation between the amount of exercise and health outcomes, even more than BMI and health outcomes. So when I'm talking to a patient who wants to lose weight or, you know, Needs to lose weight, perhaps I often tell them, let's not think about the number.[00:18:35] In fact, I commonly say, let's not think about the number. That's not our end point. And, and I'm not saying that to be politically correct, to pussyfoot around hard conversations is because the number on the scale is immaterial. When we were talking about this whole person, we are the complex sum of these integrated parts.[00:18:57] And you can, as you said have a BMI of 40, which is technically obese. But if you are exercising on a regular basis, first of all, your mood is better, your sleep is going to be more efficient, your blood sugar control is going to be better, your blood pressure is going to be better, most likely. And so, I focus, with my patients, less on the number and more on the behaviors.[00:19:21] The relationship with food, not just what you're eating. The cadence of how you're eating. Sometimes you don't need a fancy diet, you just need to have lunch. I just wrote a piece about that. Lunch is an underrated food group, like eat lunch. Honestly, that is huge. Sometimes we don't need to, you know, go to the doctor and be told that our weight is technically higher than it should be.[00:19:43] We need to be given materials and information on the benefits of exercise. Not just on our weight, but on our mental health, our metabolic health, our cognition, and not just... Are you told to exercise, but to help people figure out where to put it and how to incorporate it in their everyday life. Because as you know, telling someone to exercise is one thing, helping them figure out what to do is another.[00:20:10] So I think you're absolutely right, Emily. We need to treat people, not just as a set of metrics and data, but as people. And as you know, from your research, human behavior is complicated. We do things that don't serve us all day long. Even doctors do, which is again, ridiculous, why I would shame anybody for a behavior that's part of the human nature.[00:20:30] So to do a lot of shooting with patients or to say you should do this is less productive than to say like, how do you think you could incorporate a little more movement because of the data on the benefits of regular movement into your whole health?[00:20:44] EO: I actually think, you know, when we do this kind of counseling and when people hear this counseling and they hear, they sort of hear the phrase diet and exercise, like you should improve your diet and exercise. They think of that as improve your diet and exercise so you'll weigh less. And that's the link we should sever.[00:20:59] It would be, I think there's a place to say, improve your, let's think about are there changes you could make to your diet that would make you feel better? Are there ways for you that you could incorporate exercise, which by the way, like 10 minutes of walking slightly faster than you would otherwise, that's exercise.[00:21:16] That's an exercise activity, so just like making it clear that these things are possible. But also without saying, and if you did that then the number will look better on the, no, if you did that maybe some of these elements of health, metabolic health, maybe some of this would improve, your sleep might improve, your mood might improve, that's what we're aiming for. We're not aiming for some number.[00:21:37] LM: That's right. And by the way, when you're sleeping better and your mood is better and your dopamine hormone axis is being triggered by the lights of being outside and feeling more fit and getting the endorphins going that is good for our metabolic, metabolic health too. But I also want to be clear that I don't shy away from talking about a number when it is relevant.[00:22:00] So if somebody has bilateral knee osteoarthritis, bone on bone, and their BMI is 40, and they're resistant to, you know, getting a knee replacement, we have to talk about weight. So it would be irresponsible for me to say, oh, weight loss isn't going to matter to this gravity-dependent set of joints. And so that is where it gets really hard, but it is where I actually like for me it's my like superpower is never to have judgment about it because by the way when you have bone-on-bone arthritis in your knees As a result of age and genetics and weight all together you can't exercise and You gain weight more easily.[00:22:43] And so this is what happens. So there's no shame about it. It's just, let's figure out what to do. But we have to talk about the number, not just the number, but we have to talk about what weight might make sense to that offset pressure on the knee.[00:22:56] EO: Yeah, I mean, that's such an interesting, like, it's, this conversation is so hard because it takes, like, it's so hard to have that conversation. And I bet you are really good at this, but I think for me, it's very hard to have that conversation without it feeling like shame because of the, as opposed to just saying, look, there are a bunch of things, like, there is a physical reason why this, this number matters, not because this number has to do with whether you're a good person or not a good person or have willpower or whatever, it's just like, this is putting pressure on your knees.[00:23:23] LM: Well, and that's why I'd really like to reinvent the healthcare system to have doctors incentivized to have more time with their patients to understand their story and to build trust and rapport and for patients to feel comfortable and then to train doctors on sensitivity on these subjects. Which, by the way, doctors went into medicine, the field of medicine to do that, but it's just people don't have time and then people don't trust and then there's diet culture and then it's just lose weight, exercise more, see you next year.[00:23:50] EO: This is totally off topic. I mean, it's a little bit off topic, but, but one of the things that's been pretty effective in, you know, obstetrics is these group prenatal care. People have exactly this sort of same complaint about, like, there isn't enough time to talk about all the issues that have come up, da, da, da.[00:24:05] And so they do these things where it's like six people, but you get two hours, you know, and we do, like, there's this sort of examination component that happens, like, that's short for each person, but then we all, they, people all talk together, and it turns out to actually be, some good evidence on the relationship between that and preterm birth, particularly for black women.[00:24:20] So I wonder if there's like, I almost think there's like a parallel care model, where it's like, we have a group of people here for counseling about, you know, whatever it is, improving their heart disease metrics or something.[00:24:33] LM: Yeah, stay tuned for some courses I'm going to be offering in 2024. One of my little kind of mantras is that health is about more than BMI. It is about having awareness of our health ecosystem, which includes ur story, it includes our data, it includes understanding our genetics, and then sort of a laddering up to acceptance of the things we can't control.[00:25:01] Maybe we are predestined to have a higher-than-ideal body mass index because of our genetics. And we have to accept that. We have to accept that we are predisposed to diabetes. And then agency over the things we can control. So, arming yourself with tools and information to carve out space in your life to work on the things you have control over, which are a lot.[00:25:26] But if you're stuck in the acceptance bucket where you're not accepting hard parts of your genetics or your story that you can't control and you're then listening to a lot of kind of wellness gurus who are telling you that, you know, thin is better or whatever, even just all this messaging. And then you're spending a lot of brain space trying to accept things you really need, or trying to control things you can't control, that's where people run into trouble, and that's where shame is born, and that's where people, frankly, binge on things like food and alcohol, and that's where we land in trouble. And so if we could just help people understand they're not alone, they're human, and that we all have our challenges. One of them, for a lot of Americans, is weight.[00:26:12] And that they're not alone, and that there are things they can do to be a lot better off. So... What was the takeaway from this piece you wrote? Like, what was the reaction? Because, as you said, like, there's sort of two camps. It's like health at every size, there's a movement, which I agree with in many ways, except that there are certain medical realities we have to acknowledge.[00:26:32] And then there's the sort of, weight is genetic, and there's nothing you can do about it. And, I mean, there's just, there's just these false dichotomies. [00:26:39] EO: So I think like with most things, most people are in the center. And so this kind of like, I think that many people found this interesting. You know, I'm not sure everybody thinks about this data quite the same way, and sort of seeing some graphs about it, it made some people think. A bunch of the comments were like, yes, like I started exercising, and I felt like this is very validating, because like, that, you know, that totally changed, but then my weight didn't change, but still I feel better, and I was trying to understand that.[00:27:08] So there was like some good stuff there. And then I did get, certainly, some people who said, you know, talking about BMI at all is very fatphobic and I am, like, I will say, like, I'm a relatively thin person and so I think, you know, I don't know, I guess that's part of, part of it. And then certainly there were people on the other side who said, you know, this whole thing is like, you know, anybody who's overweight is just, you know, is just lazy and I don't agree with that at all. But some of those people fought with each other and, you know, that's what comments are for.[00:27:39] LM: That's what's comments are for. And that is why Emily Oster is here. Emily is here to help us get to these story issues, and ask the questions that... People are wrestling with every day, like, can you have a glass of wine when you're pregnant? Can you have bluebean cheese when you're pregnant? Can you jettison some of the shame about parenting and the parenting industrial complex?[00:28:01] And thank God for you because I think you're doing so much good, Emily, and you're reassuring people based on evidence. You're not reassuring people for the sake of reassuring them for you to look good. You're reassuring them because you have the data to show. How to calibrate risk to, or sort of how to calibrate anxiety to the actual[00:28:21] EO: Yeah, I mean, I see a lot of what I try to do is sort of help people see what those risks are and make the choices that work for them, which [are] going to reflect our own risk tolerances and preferences and, and what's important to us.[00:28:33] LM: Yeah. I mean, at the end of the day, as we talked about during COVID quite a lot, it's about framing risk. It's not about telling people how to feel or telling people how to choose. It's about framing risk. And then it's like, you do you, and that's fine. And if you do something that's not healthy for you, that is fine too. As long as you're armed with the data, then that, that, that is, that is great. Emily, thanks for joining me. And by the way, how can people sign up for parent data?[00:28:56] EO: So, parentdata.org, you can find me there, we have a newsletter that goes out, we have an enormous volume of writing for pregnant people and parents and, and some things for people who are not parents, and we have like a little search AI, so parentdata.org is the best place, or you can find me on Instagram at profemilyaster.[00:29:20] LM: Thank you all for listening to Beyond the Prescription. Please don't forget to subscribe, like, download, and share the show on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or wherever you catch your podcasts. I'd be thrilled if you liked this episode to rate and review it. And if you have a comment or question, please drop us a line at info@lucymcbride.com. The views expressed on this show are entirely my own and do not constitute medical advice for individuals. That should be obtained from your personal physician. Get full access to Are You Okay? at lucymcbride.substack.com/subscribe
Dr. Zobair Younossi joins Roger Green to kick off our review coverage of TLM 2023. Dr. Younossi discusses the studies he presented at the meeting and other work related to patient quality-of-life, the economics of screening and treatment, and how stigma affects patients and providers.The conversation starts with Zobair listing the topics on which he and his group will present data at the TLM2023 meeting. The first of these is an oral presentation regarding health disparities in adolescents. The thrust of this work is that food insecurity is leading to dramatic, increasing rates of MASLD and MASH among adolescents. Food insecurity, which correlates with lower incomes and living in "food deserts" -- primarily urban areas where stores sell ultra-processed foods at high prices -- emerges from the NHANES database as a correlation and likely cause of MASLD and even MASH with fibrosis in these younger patients. Zobair cites alarming statistics about the underestimated prevalence of liver diseases in children and teens. Standard estimates put MASLD in children at 10%, but Zobair believes that number to be closer to 18%, with adolescents as high as 24% and the adult US population at 38%! In parallel, there has been a striking increase in liver disease among type 2 diabetics, which was previously estimated at 55%, but he now estimates at 68%! He notes that "food deserts" also tend to be "activity deserts" without facilities that support a healthy lifestyle.Roger notes that an increase in patients with Type 2 diabetes and MASH will have significant economic implications: they are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease and obesigenic cancers before they progress to cirrhosis. Also, they are more likely to go from advanced fibrosis to cirrhosis than people with MASH and no diabetes. These social and economic realities emphasize the need for cost-effective screening strategies similar to those recommended by professional societies. Zobair mentions another paper he is presenting at TLM that demonstrates cost-effectiveness for screening in all intermediate-risk patients even before MASH drugs come to market. From here, the conversation focuses on the factors that make MASLD and MASH so costly. Zobair focuses on fatigue, which affects 30-40% of MASLD patients. Many patients consider fatigue something they live with, not an effect of disease, but MASLD can lead to "brain fog," or cognitive impairment. Zobair and Roger go on to explore the issue of stigma in the context of conference presentations and Zobair's own work. After noting that stigma was a significant reason for the recent nomenclature change, Zobair reports that it seems less of an issue for patients (8%) than providers, where the number is higher. Roger notes his experiences in marketing research, where providers frequently blamed patients for their disease and expressed frustration or even contempt that patients could not take better care of themselves. Zobair notes that this translates to patients, who express more significant frustration and sadness about being blamed for the disease than simple name-related stigma. Zobair makes two more points on stigma: (i) patients who feel stigmatized have lower quality-of-life scores, and (ii) to patients, obesity and Type 2 diabetes are far more stigmatizing than "fatty liver disease."The final portion of this conversation focuses on cultural differences. Zobair notes that the stigma associated with obesity and MASH is a Western-world phenomenon and a relatively recent one. In much of the world, obesity can appear as a sign of prosperity because the obese person has enough wealth to buy large quantities of food. They conclude that understanding these nuances is crucial for improving patient-provider communication and addressing factors beyond individual control, such as social determinants and health disparities, which heavily influence health outcomes.
Join us on an exciting podcast episode as Jenny and John reunite to delve into the latest fitness research. They'll explore the fascinating world of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their influence on muscle gain.But that's not all – the dynamic duo will also dissect the intriguing link between excessive childhood television watching and the potential development of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. This syndrome encompasses conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, making it a topic of crucial importance.And of course, they'll tackle the elephant in the room: the pandemic's transformative effect on the fitness industry. Discover how the fitness landscape has evolved with a surge in online training, and what this shift means for both fitness professionals and enthusiasts alike. Tune in for an informative and engaging discussion that's sure to shed light on these pressing fitness topics.References:Grgic, J. (2022). No pain, no gain? examining the influence of ibuprofen consumption on muscle hypertrophy. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 45(4), 481–485. https://doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0000000000000747 MacDonell, N., & Hancox, R. J. (2023). Childhood and adolescent television viewing and metabolic syndrome in Mid-Adulthood. Pediatrics, 152(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-060768 Johnson, J. L., Coleman, A., Kwarteng, J. L., Holmes, A. U., Kermah, D., Bruce, M. A., & Beech, B. M. (2023). The association between Adult Sport, fitness, and recreational physical activity and number and age of children present in the household: A secondary analysis using NHANES. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(11), 5942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115942 Club Industry. 2021. 22 percent of gyms have closed, $29.2 billion revenue lost since COVID-19 hit. clubindustry.com/industry-news/22-percent-gyms-have-closed-292-billion-revenue-lost-covid-19-hit.Goodman, J. 2022. How big Is the online personal training industry? Personal Trainer Development Center. theptdc.com/articles/how-big-is-online-personal-training-industry.Huguet, L.C.T. 2021. Business model reinvention: impacts of COVID-19 on the fitness gym industry. ISCTE Business School. repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/24161/1/master_lea_tiphaine_huguet.pdf.IHRSA (International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association). 2021. 2021 IHRSA media report. ihrsa.org/publications/2021-ihrsa-media-report.My PT Hub. 2021. How to grow your online fitness business during the pandemic. mypthub.net/blog/5-ways-to-grow-your-online-fitness-business-during-the-pandemic.Rizzo, N. 2021. Fitness industry statistics 2021-2028 [market research]. Run Repeat. runrepeat.com/uk/fitness-industry.Statista. 2022. Wearables unit shipments worldwide from 2014 to 2021. statista.com/statistics/437871/wearables-worldwide-shipments.
Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Umstrittene Studie sagt baldigen Kollaps des Golfstrom-Systems vorher +++Endometriose könnte durch Cadmium begünstigt werden +++ Risse im Metall können sich selbst heilen +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Nature Communications,25.7.2023Urinary cadmium and endometriosis prevalence in a US nationally representative sample: results from NHANES 1999–2006, Human Reproduction, 24.7.2023Die Pandemie hat in Deutschland keinen Quiet-Quitting-Trend ausgelöst, IAB-Forum, 25.7.2023Autonomous healing of fatigue cracks via cold welding, Nature, 19.7.2023When perfection isn't enough: host egg signatures are an effective defence against high-fidelity African cuckoo mimicry, Proceedings of the Royal Socienty B, 26.7.2023**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten
Commentary by Dr. Candice Silversides
Low testosterone in men is becoming a bigger problem with each passing decade. But what is the most significant cause of hypogonadism (the technical term for low testosterone)? It isn't diet. It's not environmental toxins or concussions, though they can affect a guy's levels. It isn't even drinking Bud Light. As you might surmise from the article's title, the most significant cause of low testosterone is circadian syndrome, a condition related to a disrupted circadian rhythm and sleep debt. A new study shows how much of a problem this is for American men. In this article, I'll discuss some of the key findings and what we can do about them. What is the prevalence of low testosterone? The most current research shows that 20-50% of U.S. males have testosterone deficiency.Kwong JCC, Krakowsky Y, Grober E. Testosterone deficiency: a review and comparison of current guidelines. J Sex Med. (2019) 16:812–20. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.262 The cutoff for clinically diagnosed testosterone deficiency is a blood level 300 ng/dl, which is where the data comes from, suggesting that up to half of American men have low testosterone. In comparison, optimal testosterone levels are between 800-1200 ng/dl. The problem is likely worse than that, as American men are less likely to get a checkup with their doctor than women, and even if they do, their doctors rarely check testosterone levels. What happens to men with low testosterone? Low testosterone leads to physical, mental, and sexual problems, including: Physical Changes: increased body fat, decreased muscle mass and strength, fragile bones, hot flashes, fatigue, and increased cholesterol levels.Mulligan, T., Frick, M. F., Zuraw, Q. C., Stemhagen, A., & McWhirter, C. (2006). Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 60(7), 762-769. Mental and Emotional Changes: changes in mood and mental capacity, including feelings of depression, irritability, trouble concentrating, and impaired memory.Shores, M. M., Sloan, K. L., Matsumoto, A. M., Moceri, V. M., Felker, B., & Kivlahan, D. R. (2012). Increased incidence of diagnosed depressive illness in hypogonadal older men. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(2), 162-167. Sexual Dysfunction: reduced sexual desire, fewer spontaneous erections, and infertility.Khera, M. (2016). Male hormones and men's quality of life. Current Opinion in Urology, 26(2), 152-157. In many cases, as men develop any of these health problems, the health problems themselves lead to a greater decline in testosterone, which worsens the problems, which further tanks testosterone. You must break the downward cycle, and sleep is likely the most important place to start. What is Circadian Syndrome (CircS)? According to the study authors, CircS is primarily diagnosed based on hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, diabetes, short sleep duration, and depression. Each of those symptoms is mainly governed by circadian rhythms, which are major regulators in almost every aspect of human health and metabolism. Association between the prevalence rates of circadian syndrome and testosterone deficiency in US males: data from NHANES (2011–2016) The Circadian Syndrome is diagnosed when a person has at least 4 of the following: Central obesity: waist circumference ≥102 cm (40 inches); High triglycerides (TG): TG ≥150 mg/dl or using TG-lowering drugs Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Katrina is back with another Fast Facts: Perio Edition and this time talking about physical activity both at the work site and not at the work site. She then reviews the study correlating periodontal conditions within these groups. Who do you think had healthier conditions? Resources: More Fast Facts: https://www.ataleoftwohygienists.com/fast-facts/ Katrina Sanders Website: https://www.katrinasanders.com Katrina Sanders Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thedentalwinegenist/ Reference: Pu, R., Fu, M., Yang, G., & Jiang, Z. (2023). The association of work physical activity and recreational physical activity with periodontitis in the NHANES (2009‐2014). Journal of Periodontology
Katrina is back with another Fast Facts: Perio Edition and this time talking about physical activity both at the work site and not at the work site. She then reviews the study correlating periodontal conditions within these groups. Who do you think had healthier conditions? Resources: More Fast Facts: https://www.ataleoftwohygienists.com/fast-facts/ Katrina Sanders Website: https://www.katrinasanders.com Katrina Sanders Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thedentalwinegenist/ Reference: Pu, R., Fu, M., Yang, G., & Jiang, Z. (2023). The association of work physical activity and recreational physical activity with periodontitis in the NHANES (2009‐2014). Journal of Periodontology
Two studies found that watermelon consumption is linked to higher nutrient intake and better heart health. Listen in this week as Dee discusses the findings of these studies and why watermelon is so good for cardiovascular function.References:Fulgoni, K., & Fulgoni, V. L. (2022). Watermelon intake is associated with increased nutrient intake and higher diet quality in adults and children, NHANES 2003–2018. Nutrients, 14(22), 4883. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/22/4883Matthews, R., Early, K. S., Vincellette, C. M., Losso, J., Spielmann, G., Irving, B. A., & Allerton, T. D. (2023). The effect of watermelon juice supplementation on heart rate variability and metabolic response during an oral glucose challenge: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Nutrients, 15(4), 810. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/4/810
Today is a very special episode: You are all going to be the very, very first people to hear me read Chapter 1 of FAT TALK: Parenting in the Age of Diet Culture, which comes out in just 5 days, on April 25. We are excerpting this from the audiobook, which I got to narrate. If you love what you hear, I hope you will order the audiobook or the hardcover (or if you're in the UK and the Commonwealth, the paperback) anywhere you buy books. Split Rock has signed copies and don't forget that when you order from them, you can also take 10 percent off anything in the Burnt Toast Bookshop.If you want more conversations like this one, please rate and review us in your podcast player! And become a paid Burnt Toast subscriber to get all of Virginia's reporting and bonus subscriber-only episodes. Disclaimer: Virginia and Corinne are humans with a lot of informed opinions. They are not nutritionists, therapists, doctosr, or any kind of health care providers. The conversation you're about to hear and all of the advice and opinions they give are just for entertainment, information, and education purposes only. None of this is a substitute for individual medical or mental health advice.LINKSThat photo by Katy Grannanarchived in the National Portrait Gallery's Catalog of American PortraitsAnamarie Regino on Good Morning AmericaLisa Belkin's NYT Magazine articlea report published in Children's Voicea judge ordered two teenagers into foster care2010 analysis published in the DePaul Journal of Health Care LawFat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in American CultureFearing the Black BodyHilde Bruch's research papersNational Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA)Judy Freespirit and Aldebaran wrote the first “Fat Manifesto”Several studies from the 1960sresearchers revisited the picture ranking experimentthe 1999–2000 NHANES showed a youth obesity rate of 13.9 percentreaching 19.3 percent in the 2017–2018 NHANESData collected from 1976 to 1980 showed that 15 percent of adults met criteria for obesity.By 2007, it had risen to 34 percent.The most recent NHANES data puts the rate of obesity among adults at 42.4 percent.The NHANES researchers determine our annual rate of obesity by collecting the body mass index scores of about 5,000 Americans (a nationally representative sample) each year.A major shift happened in 1998, when the National Institutes of Health's task force lowered the BMI's cutoff points for each weight category, a math equation that moved 29 million Americans who had previously been classified as normal weight or just overweight into the overweight and obese categories.in 2005, epidemiologists at the CDC and the National Cancer Institute published a paper analyzing the number of deaths associated with each of these weight categories in the year 2000 and found that overweight BMIs were associated with fewer deaths than normal weight BMIs.in 2013, Flegal and her colleagues published a systematic literature review of ninety-seven such papers, involving almost three million participants, and concluded, again, that having an overweight BMI was associated with a lower rate of death than a normal BMI in all of the studies that had adequately adjusted for factors like age, sex, and smoking status.But in 2021, years after retiring, Flegal published an article in the journal Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases that details the backlash her work received from obesity researchers.After her paper was published, former students of the obesity researchers most outraged by Flegal's work took to Twitter to recall how they were instructed not to trust her analysis because Flegal was “a little bit plump herself.”the BMI-for-age chart used in most doctors' offices today is based on what children weighed between 1963 and 1994. a 1993 study by researchers at the United States Department of Health and Human Services titled “Actual Causes of Death in the United States.” the study's authors published a letter to the editors of the New England Journal of Medicine saying, “You [ . . . ] cited our 1993 paper as claiming ‘that every year 300,000 deaths in the United States are caused by obesity.' That is not what we claimed.”“Get in Shape, Girl!”The Fat Studies ReaderToo Fat for Chinaas I reported for the New York Times Magazine in 2019, it has become a common practice for infertility clinics to deny in vitro fertilization and other treatments to mothers above a certain body weightMichelle Obama 2016 speech, another speech, a 2010 speech to the School Nutrition Association, 2013 speechMarion Nestle, a 2011 blog postfood insecurity impacted 21 percent of all American households with children when Obama was elected TheHill.com story on SNAP“I could live on French fries,” she told the New York Times in 2009, explaining that she doesn't because “I have hips.”Ellyn Satter's an open letter to Obamaseveral other critiques of “Let's Move"“I don't want our children to be weight-obsessed"The Burnt Toast Podcast is produced and hosted by me, Virginia Sole-Smith. You can follow me on Instagram or Twitter.Burnt Toast transcripts and essays are edited and formatted by Corinne Fay, who runs @SellTradePlus, an Instagram account where you can buy and sell plus size clothing and also co-hosts mailbag episodes!The Burnt Toast logo is by Deanna Lowe.Our theme music is by Jeff Bailey and Chris Maxwell.Tommy Harron is our audio engineer.Thanks for listening and for supporting anti-diet, body liberation journalism! This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit virginiasolesmith.substack.com/subscribe
You've likely heard about the countless benefits of magnesium for overall health, but did you know it also plays a crucial role in sleep? As one of The 3 Pillars of VIGOR, getting sufficient quality sleep must be a nonnegotiable for anyone who wants to maintain good health. Unfortunately, many people struggle with sleep, with almost 10% of Americans taking sleep medication. One way to enhance sleep quality is by getting enough magnesium. This guide explores the connection between magnesium and sleep, covers various magnesium supplements, and helps you find the best magnesium for sleep to optimize your rest. Why Magnesium Matters for Sleep Magnesium is a vital mineral involved in over 300 biochemical reactions in the body, including nerve and muscle function, maintaining a healthy immune system, and regulating blood pressure.de Baaij, J. H., Hoenderop, J. G., & Bindels, R. J. (2015). Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease. Physiological reviews, 95(1), 1-46. One of the most significant roles magnesium plays is in sleep quality. Magnesium contributes to the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles, and supports the function of GABA, a neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and sleep.Abbasi, B., Kimiagar, M., Sadeghniiat, K., Shirazi, M. M., Hedayati, M., & Rashidkhani, B. (2012). The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of research in medical sciences, 17(12), 1161. Unfortunately, magnesium deficiency is quite common, with studies suggesting that up to 68% of adults in the United States do not meet the recommended daily intake.Moshfegh, A., Goldman, J., Ahuja, J., Rhodes, D., & LaComb, R. (2009). What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-2006: Usual Nutrient Intakes from Food and Water Compared to 1997 Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. A lack of magnesium can result in poor sleep quality, insomnia, and even restless leg syndrome.Hornyak, M., Haas, P., Veit, J., Gann, H., & Riemann, D. (2004). Magnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: an open pilot study. Sleep, 27(5), 1040-1048. Types of Magnesium Supplements There are several types of magnesium supplements available, each with unique pros and cons: Magnesium oxide: A common, low-cost option with a high magnesium content but low absorption rate.Lindberg, J. S., Zobitz, M. M., Poindexter, J. R., & Pak, C. Y. (1990). Magnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 9(1), 48-55. Due to its poor bioavailability, magnesium oxide may not be the best choice for sleep improvement. Magnesium citrate: More readily absorbed than magnesium oxide but may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as diarrhea, in some individuals.Walker, A. F., Marakis, G., Christie, S., & Byng, M. (2003). Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study. Magnesium research, 16(3), 183-191. Although it's more bioavailable than magnesium oxide, its potential side effects make it less suitable for sleep improvement. Magnesium glycinate: A well-absorbed form that is gentle on the stomach and may improve sleep quality.Cao, Y., Zhen, S., Taylor, A. W., Appleton, S., Atlantis, E., & Shi, Z. (2018). Magnesium Intake and Sleep Disorder Symptoms: Findings from the Jiangsu Nutrition Study of Chinese Adults at Five-Year Follow-Up. Nutrients, 10(10), 1354. This chelated form of magnesium binds magnesium to the amino acid glycine, which has calming effects on the brain and nervous system, making it an excellent choice for sleep improvement. Magnesium malate: Known for its energy-boosting properties, it may not be the best option for sleep.Uysal, N., Kizildag, S., Yuce, Z., Guvendi, G., Kandis, S.,
This week, please join author Kavita Sharma and Associate Editor Svati Shah as they discuss the article "Myocardial Metabolomics of Human Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction." Dr. Greg Hundley: Welcome listeners, to this April 11th issue of Circulation on the Run. And I am one of your cohosts, Dr. Greg Hundley, director of the Pauley Heart Center at VCU Health in Richmond, Virginia. Dr. Peder Myhre: And I am Dr. Peder Myhre from Akershus University Hospital, and the University of Oslo in Norway. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, Peder, wow. This week's feature discussion, very interesting. We spend a lot of time, especially with our colleague, Dr. Carolyn Lam, on heart failure preserved ejection fraction. But this week's feature discussion, it's going to focus on some of the myocardial metabolomics in this condition. But before we get to that, how about we grab a cup of coffee, and jump into some of the other articles in the issue? How about if I go first? Dr. Peder Myhre: Let's go, Greg. Dr. Greg Hundley: Okay. So Peder, some believe that cardiovascular disease may be the main reason for stagnant growth in life expectancy in the United States since 2010. And so, the American Heart Association, as you know, recently released an updated algorithm for evaluating cardiovascular health. Life's Essential 8, and it has a very nice score. So these authors, led by Dr. Lu Qi, from Tulane University, aimed to quantify the associations of the Life Essential 8 scores with life expectancy in a nationally representative sample of US adults. And the team included 23,000 non-pregnant non- institutionalized participants who were age 20 to 79 years, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, or NHANES, from 2005 to 2018. And whose mortality was identified through linkage to the National Death Index, from the period extending through December of 2019. Dr. Peder Myhre: Oh wow. So really, a validation of the Life's Essential 8. Greg, that's so interesting. What did they find? Dr. Greg Hundley: Right Peder, as you say, very interesting. So here are some of the data, and let's itemize them. So, during a median of 7.8 years of follow up, 1,359 total deaths occurred. Now, the estimated life expectancy at age 50 was 27.3 years, 32.9 years, and 36.2 years, in participants with low Life's Essential 8 scores, less than 50. Moderate, so Life's Essential 8 scores of greater than or equal to 50, but less than 80. And then, high scores, greater than 80. Okay? So equivalently, participants with high Life's Essential 8 scores had an average of 8.9 more years of life expectancy at age 50, compared to those with low scores. Next, on average, 42.6% of the gained life expectancy at age 50, from adhering to sort of that cardiovascular health, those recommendations, was attributable to reduced cardiovascular death. Next, significant associations with the Life's Essential 8 score and life expectancy were observed in both men and women. Next, similarly significant associations of cardiovascular health, Life's Essential 8, with life expectancy were observed in non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks, but not in those originating from the country of Mexico. So Peder, finally, in summarizing all of this, adhering to the cardiovascular health lifestyle, defined by the Life's Essential 8 score, it was related to a considerably increased life expectancy. However, because of the findings from the individuals from the country of Mexico, more research is needed to be done in some of these minority groups, and particularly, those of Hispanic ethnicity, and perhaps other races. Dr. Peder Myhre: Oh, wow. Very interesting. And I would love to learn more about this subgroup analysis in future studies. So Greg, the next paper is about the hospitalization for heart failure measures. Because contemporary measures of hospital performance for heart failure hospitalization, the 30-day risk standardized readmission and mortality rate, are estimated using the same risk adjusted model and overall event rate for all patients. Thus, these measures are mainly driven by the care quality and outcomes for the majority racial ethnic groups, and may not adequately represent the hospital performance for patients of Black or other races. And in this study, led by co-corresponding authors, Mentias from Cleveland Clinic and Pandey from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, the authors used fee for service Medicare beneficiaries from 2014 to 2019 hospitalized with heart failure, in hospital level 30 day risk standardized remission and mortality rates were estimated using traditional race agnostic models and the race specific approach, with measures derived separately for each race ethnicity group. Dr. Greg Hundley: Ah, very interesting, Peder. So what did they find from this study? Dr. Peder Myhre: So the study included more than 1.9 million patients, comprising of 75% White patients, 15% Black patients, and 10% patients of other races, with heart failure from 1,860 hospitals. And compared with the race agnostic model, composite race-specific metrics for all patients demonstrated stronger correlation with 30 days readmissions. And that is correlation coefficient 0.78 versus 0.63, and 30 day mortality rate 0.52 versus 0.29 for Black patients. In concordance in hospital performance was for all patients and patients of Black race was also higher with race specific as compared to race agnostic metrics. So Greg, the authors conclude that among patients hospitalized with heart failure race specific 30 day risk standardized remission and mortality rates are more equitable in representing hospital performance for patients of Black and other races. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice, Peder. What a beautiful summary in a very elegant study. Peder, myocardial insulin resistance is a hallmark of diabetic cardiac injury. However, the underlining molecular mechanisms for this relationship remain unclear. Now, recent studies demonstrate, that the diabetic heart is resistant to several cardioprotective interventions, including adiponectin and pre-conditioning. The universal quote, unquote, resistance to multiple therapeutic interventions suggest, impairment of the requisite molecule, or molecules, involved in broad pro survival signaling cascades. Now caveolin is a scaffolding protein coordinating trans-membrane signaling transduction. However, the role of caveolin-3 in diabetic impairment of cardiac protective signaling and diabetic ischemic heart failure is unknown. And so these investigators, led by Dr. Xinliang Ma, from Thomas Jefferson University, studied mice fed a normal diet or high fat diet for two to 12 weeks, and subjected them to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Dr. Peder Myhre: Oh wow. What an interesting preclinical science paper, Greg. What did they find? Dr. Greg Hundley: Right. So the authors found that nitration of caveolin-3 at tyrosine 73 and resulted signal complex dissociation was responsible for cardiac insulin adiponectin resistance in the pre-diabetic heart. And this contributed to ischemic heart failure progression. Now, early interventions preserving caveolin-3 centered signal zone integrity was found to be an effective novel strategy against diabetic exacerbation of ischemic heart failure. And Peder, I think these very exciting results suggest that this is a new area of research and further experiments are warranted. And there's a very nice editorial by Professor Heidenreich, entitled “Pursuing Equity in Performance Measurement. Well Peder, there's some other articles in this issue, and we'll dip in this week to the mail bag, for a Research Letter from Professor Hibbert, entitled “Utility of a Smartphone Application in Assessing Palmar Circulation Prior to Radial Artery Harvesting for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.” Dr. Peder Myhre: That is so cool. And we also have a Letter from Dr. Kim, regarding the article entitled, “Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in a Large Population Using Wearable Devices: The Fitbit Heart Study.” Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice. Well, how about we get along to one of Carolyn's favorite topics, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and learn more about myocardial metabolomics? Dr. Peder Myhre: Can't wait. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Today's feature discussion is on my favorite topic, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, or HFpEF. But today, what we're focusing on is truly novel. We are looking at the myocardial metabolomics of human HFpEF, very, very valuable data and insights. We're so pleased to have with us the corresponding author of today's feature paper, Dr. Kavita Sharma, who's from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and our associate editor, Dr. Svati Shah, who's, of course, from Duke University School of Medicine. So welcome Kavita and Svati. Kavita, if I could start by, please put us and bring us all to the same level of knowledge, by perhaps explaining in simple terms, what is metabolomics? And what is normal versus perhaps abnormal metabolomics, in a known condition, like systolic heart failure or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction? Dr. Kavita Sharma: Sure. Well thank you, Carolyn, for the opportunity to chat around this topic. And it's great to be with you and Svati this morning. Metabolomics is a broad general study of essentially, all the chemical processes involving metabolites, or small molecule substrates, their intermediates, and even the products of cellular metabolism. This can be studied in really, any organ system, in any organ. What is really unique, I think, to this particular paper in our project is that, it has yet to have been defined or described in human HFpEF from the myocardial tissue. We call this heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and inherent to that name in this complicated syndrome is that, there is something probably wrong with the heart, yet we have not really had much insight to what that might be from direct myocardial tissue. We are also still learning about what metabolomics looks like in, for example, the heart failure with reduced ejection fraction state. Though, there is more published in this space than in HFpEF. From the limited knowledge that we have, it does appear that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction hearts, and this is certainly seen in the plasma, which is where most of metabolomic studies have generated from, those hearts tend to utilize various forms of energy banks, if you will. Whether that's fatty acid oxidation, whether that is glucose utilization or intermediates and so on. And our primary interest was to understand, how do the preserved EF parts in patients fare in comparison? Dr. Carolyn Lam: Oh, thank you so much, Kavita. That was beautifully explained. And indeed, what's so special about your paper is, it's not just circulating metabolites but myocardial metabolites. And you have the control groups that are so important to study at the same time. So patients with HFpEF, but also those with HFrEF and versus controls. And thank you for establishing too, that if I'm not wrong, fatty acid metabolism accounts for the majority of ATP generation in the normal heart. Whereas, this declines a little in the HFrEF heart. And now, I think we're about to find out what happens in the HFpEF heart. So if you could explain what you did and what you find. Dr. Kavita Sharma: Yes, absolutely. So we examined, again, tissue and plasma metabolomics from 38 subjects with HFpEF. These are patients referred to the Hopkins HFpEF Clinic. And so they have been essentially, clinically evaluated, and have what we define as HFpEF, based on hemodynamic testing. So a right heart catheterization, often with exercise, that meets criteria for diagnosis of the syndrome. As you stated, we compared our HFpEF patient tissue and plasma samples to samples coming from patients with HFrEF, dilated cardiomyopathy, and non-failing controls. And the latter two sources were a tissue bank from the University of Pennsylvania, that is long-standing, where patients with endstage dilated cardiomyopathy are able to have tissue banked at the University of Pennsylvania at the time of explant prior to transplant. So albeit, we are comparing to fairly advanced end stage dilated cardiomyopathy, and control tissue comes from unused donor hearts, essentially. So presumably, normal heart function patients, likely in a brain death state, who for whatever reason, the hearts were not utilized for transplantation. Again, not an entirely perfect controlled state, but again, given the nature of the work, the fact that it's myocardial tissue, the closest that we have found we've been able to come to for a control comparison. We started out performing what we call quantitative targeted metabolomics. We measured organic acids, amino acids, and acylcarnitines in the myocardium. And that was totaling around 72 metabolites. And we did the same in plasma, so close to 69 metabolites. And our metabolomics work was actually completed at the University of Pennsylvania. And so, I wish to credit Dr. Zoltan Arany and Dr. Dan Kelly for their great collaboration in this study. Dr. Carolyn Lam: That's wonderful. Kavita, if you could tell us a little bit more about the patients with HFpEF. We understand it was end stage dilated cardiomyopathy, HFrEF, and donor hearts as the controls, but the patients with HFpEF, in relation to obesity, diabetes, and how that may impact the interpretation of the results. Dr. Kavita Sharma: Sure. So these are HFpEF patients that are in an ambulatory state outpatient setting. They have many of the comorbidities we know are intrinsic today to HFpEF. Out of our HFpEF population, the majority were women. So 71%, that's 27 out of the 38 we serve. And we're very fortunate to serve a African-American enriched population in Baltimore that's intrinsic to our center. And so, over half of our patients were Black. The remaining Caucasian, one non-Caucasian. Over half had been hospitalized, for example, in the prior one year. So these are certainly symptomatic patients. And all had NYHA II or greater symptoms. We do have a rather obese cohort at Hopkins. And so, our median BMI, for example, was 39, our mean is very similar. And the majority have, as we see often in HFpEF, the majority with hypertension, over half with diabetes. In fact, it was actually 70% or so. Rather few with coronary disease, and this is a trend we're seeing in general in HFpEF in the present day kind of common phenotypes, and about a third with atrial fibrillation. So really, representative, I think, of this kind of cardiometabolic as we call it, phenotype of HFpEF, that is the predominant phenotype we're seeing, at least in North America. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Oh, that's perfect. And then, maybe just a few words about the results before I bring Svati in for her thoughts. Thanks. Dr. Kavita Sharma: Sure, absolutely. So we conducted this study in a couple different stages. We first started with performing a principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, to see whether the myocardial metabolites and the plasma metabolites, respectively, would they distinguish these three patient groups? So HFpEF from HFrEF and controls. And interestingly, in the myocardial tissue, our PCA analysis and our hierarchical clustering analysis show that actually, in fact, as few as 70 metabolites in the myocardium really distinctly differentiate these three subgroups. The top contributors that separated HF from controls, for example, and HFrEF, were mostly related to amino acids, including branched chain amino acids and their catabolites, as well as medium and long chain acylcarnitines, which are byproducts of fatty acid oxidation. When it came to the plasma metabolome, on the other hand, there was far less distinguishing between the groups, and significant overlap, both in PCA and hierarchal clustering. And really, the take home there is that, the myocardial tissue and the plasma were really quite distinct for the overall metabolite analysis. But then, even as we broke it down by fatty acid oxidation, by glucose metabolism, and even branched chain amino acids, we saw this trend continue, that the plasma was quite distinct from the myocardial tissue. Now, which of the two is more representative of the disease state? Which is the one that we should be paying more attention to? I think that remains to be fully understood further. And of course, it would be really nice to replicate these findings in another cohort. But that is something that, I think, is a first, that certainly, that we have seen and important for the community. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Indeed. Oh, Kavita, we could go on talking forever, but I'd really love Svati's thoughts. Why was this paper so special? What does it tell us clinically with any implications? Dr. Svati Shah: Yeah. I just want to commend Dr. Hahn, Dr. Sharma, on this incredible work. If you can just imagine how much painstaking work this took for Dr. Sharma and Dr. Hahn. It's a very careful phenotyping of HFpEF. These are true HFpEF patients. The ability to get tissue, and to pair the tissue to the plasma, so that we can really understand. When we measure things in the circulation, and we think they're telling us about the heart, are they actually telling us about the heart? So I really want to commend this incredible work. And Carolyn, I love talking about cardiac metabolism, because the heart is an incredible organ, right? The heart is a metabolic omnivore. It'll eat many different kinds of fuels, and a lot of different things determine which fuels it uses. And as you nicely outlined, Carolyn, earlier, in the normal heart, the heart prefers to use fatty acids. But what we are not completely certain of is, what happens in HFpEF? So in HFrEF, we know that the heart switches to glucose, which is not a great fuel, actually. It's actually, a metabolically inefficient fuel. And so we know in HFrEF, that the heart has this metabolic inflexibility. All of a sudden, it's not an omnivore, and it's kind of stuck with certain fuels, which are not very healthy for it. But what Dr. Sharma and Dr. Hahn have shown, for the first time really, is what happens in HFpEF? And so, I think it's really cool that, actually, it just highlights how complex HFpEF is as a disease. So they were able to show that in some ways, HFpEF is similar to HFrEF, including that there's impairments in use of these fatty acids, which is what the normal heart does. But, they also show that HFpEF may be different than HFrEF in many ways, including, because of these branched chain amino acids. And that may be because of some of the clinical differences that we know exist in patients with HFpEF, including the obesity and diabetes, that Dr. Sharma nicely outlined. Although, I want to point out, they were very careful about trying to take these clinical factors into account when they looked at differences in the metabolites. So really incredible work, highlighting that the HFpEF heart also has this metabolic inflexibility. It also is not a metabolic omnivore like the normal heart is, but highlighting important differences, potentially, between HFpEF and HFrEF. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Oh, Svati, thank you for putting that so clearly. Dr. Kavita Sharma: No, I think that was a really elegant summary of the findings, Svati. And thank you for your kind words and support in allowing us to share our work through Circulation. I really couldn't say it better, but that's exactly what we seem to find is that, when we look at various sort of stores or banks of energy resource, what we really found is that these HFpEF hearts are energy inflexible, as Svati said, that begins with fatty acid metabolism. And so, when we look at, for example, medium and launching acylcarnitines, what we find is that these are markedly reduced in HFpEF myocardial tissue, quite similar to HFrEF. Again, both of them reduced compared to controls. And again, these are byproducts of fatty acid oxidation, and that is really responsible for almost 80% of generally what we think of energy metabolism in the normal state. In the plasma, however, again, back to that theme where we don't see that reproduced in the plasma, we find that HFpEF is actually not too dissimilar from controls for certain medium and long chain acylcarnitines, and then closer to HFrEF in some cases. And interestingly, we compared our metabolomics study to our prior report of our RNA sequencing paper, that was also published in Circulation now two years ago. And what we found is that, there is reduced gene expression of many of the proteins involved with fatty acid uptake and oxidation, when we compare them to control states. So the story is sort of, fits with what we have seen previously, and when we focus in on this group of genes. Our analysis of glucose metabolism though, did not include glycolysis or glucose oxidation intermediates. We still found that, majority of the TCA cycle intermediate, so succinate, for example, fumarate, malate, were all reduced in HFpEF versus control. It was really only pyruvate in isolation that was increased in HFpEF myocardium, compared to controls. And again, a number of genes implicated in glucose metabolism in general, we found to be lower in HFpEF versus control, including gluten 1, or SLC2A1, which is involved in glucose uptake. So again, this theme of, we have patients with significant obesity, many in the diabetic state, we would think that these hearts would utilize these energy stores, but they don't seem to be. And finally, we see distinct differences in the tissue and branched chain amino acid pathways as well. There appears to be some sort of a block between the branched chain amino acids, and then sort of byproducts, as you continue down through ketoacids and further. And we don't fully understand where those blocks are, but that was certainly notable. And then lastly, I'll say, one interest that we've had, and really, what led to much of this work in the tissue, is to pursue what we call deep phenotyping. Can these molecular signatures, whether it's gene expression, or metabolomics, or what we're working on now, which is proteomics, can these really help us identify unique subgroups within HFpEF? And so, we've tried to do that with the metabolomics, and we found that, using various sort of clustering analytical methods, in fact, there is significant overlap, as it turns out, within HFpEF, when it comes to the metabolomic signatures. And we only found, really, two subgroups within HFpEF. And even these two really did not have much that distinguished them, beyond branched chain amino acids. And so, this is the first time, at least that our group has seen, at a tissue level, that there is actually a fair bit of homogeneity now in the metabolomic signatures, compared to our RNA sequencing work. And that may be reflective of now, this increasingly cardiometabolic phenotype of HFpEF. And now, we may be seeing signs of that at the clinical and at the treatment level, where we have therapies like SGLT2 inhibitors, that are showing benefit to what seems to be a much broader spectrum of HFpEF, compared to prior therapies. So a lot of questions that have been generated from the work, and we're looking forward to exploring much of this in more detail. Dr. Carolyn Lam: And Svati, may I give you the last word? Where do you think this field is headed next? Dr. Svati Shah: I think there's so much to do, and I think Dr. Sharma and Dr. Hahn have highlighted how much work there is to do in this space. We're brushing the surface and understanding cardiac metabolism with this really important paper. But Carolyn, as you pointed out, we really need to understand what happens to these patients over time? What happens to, not just cardiac metabolism, but molecular biology more broadly, in patients with HFpEF with these various treatments? Including now, thank goodness, we have SGLT2 inhibitors as a therapeutic intervention for patients with HFpEF. And in fact, we published in Circulation a few months ago, a paper led by a very talented junior faculty, Senthil Selvaraj, where we actually showed that these acetylcarnitine levels that reflect fatty acid oxidation actually are changed by SGLT2 inhibitors, and are associated with changes in clinical outcomes in HFpEF. So we really need larger sample sizes, being able to look at these patients in a longitudinal fashion. But really, doing what Dr. Sharma and Dr Hahn have done, which is careful, careful phenotyping and multidisciplinary teams, so that we can understand the molecular biology, as well as the clinical implications. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Oh, wow. Thank you so much, Kavita and Svati, for this incredible interview. I learned so much, and enjoyed it so thoroughly, as I'm sure our listeners did as well. Well, listeners, you've been listening to Circulation on the Run. Thank you for joining us today, and don't forget to tune in again next week. Dr. Greg Hundley: This program is Copyright of the American Heart Association 2023. The opinions expressed by speakers in this podcast are their own, and not necessarily those of the editors, or of the American Heart Association. For more, please visit ahajournals.org.
The highly controversial fluoridation program in the U.S. started in the 1940's. But despite over 73 percent of the US population being on a fluoridated community water system, tooth decay remains the most prevalent chronic disease in both children and adults, even though it is largely preventable. Many of the doctors who spoke out against it in the early days were called quacks and shunned. In 2017 a coalition of fluoride opposition groups including the Fluoride Action Network and the Food & Water Watch filed a landmark lawsuit against the EPA to “protect the public and susceptible subpopulations from the neurotoxic risks of fluoride by banning the addition of fluoridation chemicals to water.” This lawsuit is still ongoing due to many delays from the EPA,The case recently revealed government attempts to limit available evidence and avoid having the facts of water fluoridation reviewed in court. There have also been well over 100 studies done since 2015 showing numerous detrimental health issues caused by fluoride including kidney and liver damage, brittle bones and more recently a study showing fluoride can be harmful to pregnant woman and can cause brain-based disorders in their offspring. Today on DTH I have two women involved in the ongoing battle against the EPA we will discussing detail of the suit. They'll be sharing: -The history of fluoride -What fluoride is and how it's made -The landmark studies and health issues associated with fluoride consumption - What we can do to limit fluoride in our daily lives My guests joining me today are Brenda Staudenmaier & Karen Spencer. Brenda is a named plaintiffs in that ongoing lawsuit against the EPA, calling on the EPA to “protect the public and susceptible subpopulations from the neurotoxic risks of fluoride by banning the addition of fluoridation chemicals to water.” Karen is a member representative for the Food & Water Watch mentioned on the in the initial filing. PLEASE SUPPORT our work. It takes time and effort to make these videos. Every little bit helps! **To donate/tip our channel, below through our Paypal. Paypal Donation Link: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=6YECDNX33L4KQ Learn More: Fluoride Action Network: https://fluoridealert.org/ Food and Water Watch: https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/ To make a donation to our lawsuit through Fluoride Alert https://fluoridealert.org/ Lawsuit schedule with Zoom link https://www.fluoridelawsuit.com/ Brenda & Karen email exchange with CDC https://www.fluoridelawsuit.com/actions Annotated Bibliography of Recent Science https://www.fluoridelawsuit.com/science International Academy of Oral Medicine & Toxicology https://iaomt.org/resources/fluoride-facts/ Karen on GreenMed and personal story https://greenmedinfo.com/gmi-blogs/karenspencer https://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/SalemState2016.09.07.pdf 2006 Bassin study from Harvard on bone cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16596294/ Associations of low level of fluoride exposure with dental fluorosis among U.S. children and adolescents, NHANES 2015-2016 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34166938/ NTP website for fluoride review documents https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/ongoing/fluoride/index.html NTP draft report https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/about_ntp/bsc/2023/fluoride/documents_provided_bsc_wg_031523.pdf Lawsuit filings with CDC emails https://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/tsca.plaintiffs-filed-redacted-notice.12-15-22.pdf Something in the Water: 12 Steps to Ending Fluoridation in Your Town by Clint Griess https://www.amazon.com/Something-Water-Steps-Ending-Fluoridation/dp/B0BQ58K4NQ The Fluoride Deception by Christopher Bryson https://www.amazon.com/Fluoride-Deception-Christopher-Bryson/dp/1583227008 Stay In Touch with Us! Instagram: @DiscoveringTrueHealth Twitter: @DTrueHealth Facebook: @discoveringtruhealth Rumble: Discoveringtruehealth Listen On: Apple Podcast Spotify Watch On: YouTube www.discoveringtruehealth.com Additional Information: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722082523 https://fluoridealert.org/studies/caries05/ https://www.fluoridealert.org/wp-content/uploads/nidr-dmft.pdf https://fluoridealert.org/articles/hileman-1989/ https://iaomt.org/resources/fluoride-facts/ https://www.scbwa.org/sites/default/files/docs_forms_media/fluoride_subcommitte_presentation_scbwa_19_may_2022.pdf https://youtu.be/RCnIJS3bQ3c https://www.democracynow.org/2004/6/17/the_fluoride_deception_how_a_nuclear https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/fluoridated-drinking-water/ Medical disclaimer: Discovering True Health LLC does not provide medical advice. Discovering True Health and the content available on Discovering True Health's properties (discoveringtruehealth.com, YouTube, and other channels) do not provide a diagnosis or other recommendation for treatment and are not a substitute for the professional judgment of a healthcare professional in diagnosis and treatment of any person or animal. The determination of the need for medical services and the types of healthcare to be provided to a patient are decisions that should be made only by a physician or other licensed health care provider. Always seek the advice of a physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition.
Serving sizes have been a central part of the nutrition label for years, but there continues to be a lot of confusion around how exactly serving sizes are determined and what the heck they actually mean. So join us, two Registered Dietitians, as we explain where serving sizes come from, why they're not the ‘recommendations' you may think they are, and what needs to change in the future. Topics covered in this episode: Why are we talking about serving sizes? When did we first start seeing serving sizes on food products? What is the intended purpose of serving sizes? Wait, how does the government figure out these figures? RACCs! The joys of governmental data collection The NHANES gauntlet Issues with self-reported dietary intake Lots of other problems with the data we are using 4 year olds! “Statistics… not a fan” -Matt Brian Regan weighs in on ice cream serving sizes CAN! YOU! GUESS! THAT! SERVING SIZE?! No, no we cannot How could we change nutrition labels to make them more helpful and less harmful? A great (see: boring) new acronym is introduced (ACNLB!) Matt introduces a revolutionary new system that Jen can find no flaws in whatsoever How much did the FDA drop the ball? Jen reveals her parting snack of the week Don't want to miss any episodes in the future? Make sure to subscribe wherever you listen to podcasts! Contact us! For feedback or to suggest a show topic email us at nutritionformortals@gmail.com To contact our real, live nutrition practice visit us at https://www.oceansidenutrition.com We're on Instagram at https://www.instagram.com/nutritionformortals/ **This podcast is for information purposes only, is not a substitute for individual medical or mental health advice, and does not constitute a patient-provider relationship**
En EE.UU. somos más de 62 millones de Latinos, según el último Censo del 2021 y eso representa más que toda la población de España, casi 2 veces más que en Perú, 3 veces más que Guatemala, multiplica por 4 la población de Bolivia y por 6 la de Hondura, pero se conoce muy poco sobre la salud de este grupo étnico que tiene el crecimiento más rápido del país, esta subrepresentado en los estudios de salud. Por ello, los CDC acaban de comenzar La Encuesta Nacional de Examen de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES, por sus siglas en inglés), la cual es una encuesta que se realiza en más de 10 lugares diferentes del país que eligen para representar a toda la población en la que se observa el estado de salud y nutrición de los niños y adultos. La encuesta es única debido a que combina entrevistas con exámenes físicos, es una especie de voto que ayudara a toda la comunidad en Los Estados Unidos y está dirigida por el Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de la Salud (NCHS, por sus siglas en inglés) que es parte de los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés) y es responsable de producir las estadísticas vitales y de salud para el país. Los funcionarios de la salud pública, legisladores y médicos usan la información recolectada en esta encuesta para crear políticas, programas y servicios de salud, así como para aumentar los conocimientos acerca de los problemas de salud en el país. Un mexicano está a cargo de la recolección de esta información tan valiosa y para darnos más detalles de esta encuesta y exámenes de salud el mismo en persona, el supervisor de los datos Víctor Barajas quien se encuentra en el condado King en el estado de Washington, uno de los condados elegidos este año para representar a la población latina. Barajas nos explica la importancia, los pasos y hasta que los participantes reciben una compensación económica y mucho más. Los invito a conocer más del Power Moment sobre la resiliencia de la salud de los Latinos. Recuerden: "hacer el bien, sin mirar a quién" . . Invitado: Víctor Barajas IG / TW / FB: @PowerLamas @PLamas7 Clubhouse: @PaulaLamas & @PaulaLamas1 WEB: Paula Lamas #PowerM #PowerLamas #PowerMomentwPaulaLamas #podcast #EEUU #PNW #SoNorthwest #PugetSound #Seattle #Miami #Salud #Resiliencia #Salud #Hispanos #NHANES #CDC #Latinos #Encuesta #Participacion #Inclusion # #Sanar #Latinx #Mexicano #SaludMental #Superacion #PowerMoment #MomentoPoderoso #Power #podcast #Venezuela
This week we discuss a widely debated topic which is whether or not American's are eating adequate protein. This is based on the current Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) which is defined as the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly 97% of healthy individuals in a particular life-stage and gender group. We make the case as to why American's aren't eating adequate protein based on the available evidence including NHANES data on how much protein America is actually eating and literature that may suggest the RDA needs to change. In this episode you'll learn the function of protein in your body as well as protein for optimal aging, weight loss, lean mass, health, and some practical tips for you to figure out your protein needs.
Please join author Pieter Martens and Associate Editor Justin Grodin as they discuss the article "Decongestion With Acetazolamide in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Across the Spectrum of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction: A Prespecified Analysis From the ADVOR Trial." Dr. Greg Hundley: Welcome listeners to this January 17th issue of Circulation on the Run. And I am Dr. Greg Hundley, Director at the Pauley Heart Center at VCU Health in Richmond, Virginia. Dr. Peder Myhre: And I'm Dr. Peder Myhre from Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, in Norway. And today, Greg, we have such an exciting feature paper. It comes to us from the ADVOR trialists. And the ADVOR trial examined the effect of acetazolamide in acute decompensated heart failure. And in this paper we're going to discuss how that treatment effect was across the left ventricular ejection fraction, across the spectrum. Greg, what do you think? Dr. Greg Hundley: Oh, wow. Sounds very interesting. But we might have some other articles in the issue. How about we grab a cup of coffee and Peder maybe this week, I'll go first and we'll start with preclinical science. How about that? Dr. Peder Myhre: Let's do preclinical science, Greg. Dr. Greg Hundley: Well, Peder, this particular paper focuses on the relationship between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Remember that myocytes sit on a lattice of network of fibroblasts. And when the myocytes die, the fibroblasts then proliferates, secrete collagen and form this thick scar. Now, if we're going to try to regenerate, how are we going to get myocytes to get back into that thick scar when there's really a complete absence? And so as adult cardiomyocytes have little regenerative capacity, resident cardiac fibroblasts synthesize extracellular matrix, post myocardial infarction to form fibrosis, leading to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. And therapies that can regenerate the myocardium and reverse fibrosis in the setting of a chronic myocardial infarction are lacking. Now, these investigators led by Professor Masaki Ieda from University of Tsukuba, were going to evaluate this process. The overexpression of cardiac transcription factors, including Mef2c, Gata4, Tbx5, Han2, all combined as MGTH. They can directly reprogram cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes and improve cardiac function in and under the setting of an acute myocardial infarction. However, the ability of an in vivo cardiac reprogramming to repair chronic myocardial infarction with established scars, well, that is really undetermined. Dr. Peder Myhre: Oh, what a wonderful introduction, Greg. And the way you described to us how cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts interact was really fascinating. Thank you. And now let's hear what the authors found and don't forget the clinical implications. Dr. Greg Hundley: Thanks, Peder. So these authors developed a novel transgenic mouse system where cardiac reprogramming and fibroblasts lineage tracing could be regulated spatiotemporally with tamoxifen treatment to analyze in vivo cardiac reprogramming in the setting of chronic MI. Then with this new model, the authors found in vivo cardiac reprogramming generates new induced cardiomyocytes from resident cardiac fibroblasts that improves cardiac function and reduces fibrosis in chronic myocardial infarction in mice. Wow. And additionally, they found that overexpression of cardiac reprogramming factors converts profibrotic cardio fibroblasts to a quiescent state, and that reverses fibrosis in chronic myocardial infarction. And therefore, Peder, direct cardiac reprogramming may be a promising therapy for chronic ischemic cardiomyopathies and heart failure. Really exciting work, converting scar tissue to actual functional cardiomyocytes. Dr. Peder Myhre: That was such a fantastic summary, Greg, and a very interesting paper. And I'm now going to take us back to clinical science and epidemiology. Because Greg, we all know that social and psychosocial factors are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. But the relative contributions of these factors to racial and ethnic differences in cardiovascular health has not been quantified. So these authors, led by the corresponding author, Nilay Shah from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago, used data from NHANES to examine the contributions of individual level social and psychosocial factors to racial and ethnic differences in population cardiovascular health. And that was measured by something called the cardiovascular health score, CVH score, which ranges from zero to 14, and it counts for diet, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose. Dr. Greg Hundley: Wow, really interesting, Peder. So what did they find here? Dr. Peder Myhre: So Greg, among males, the mean cardiovascular health score was 7.5 in Hispanic, 8.7 in non-Hispanic Asian, 7.5 in non-Hispanic black, and 7.6 in non-Hispanic white adults. And the authors found that the education explained the largest component of cardiovascular health differences among males. And now what about females? In females, the mean score was 8.0 in Hispanic, 9.3 in non-Hispanic Asian, 7.4 in non-Hispanic black, and 8.0 in non-Hispanic white adults. And for women, education explained the largest competence of cardiovascular health difference in non-Hispanic black. And place of birth, and that is US born versus born outside the US, explained the largest component of cardiovascular health difference in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Asian females. So Greg, the authors conclude that education and place of birth conferred the largest statistical contributions to the racial and ethnic differences in cardiovascular health among US adults. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice, Peder. What a beautiful description and outline that so well highlighting the differences in men versus women. Well, now we're going to turn back to the world of preclinical science, listeners. And we will continue with the paper by Dr. Amit Khera from Verve Therapeutics. Now, Peder, VERVE-101, this is an investigational in vivo CRISPR base editing medicine designed to alter a single DNA base in the PCSK9 gene. And that permanently turns off hepatic protein production and thereby, durably lowers LDL cholesterol. In this study, the investigators tested the efficacy, durability, tolerability, and potential for germline editing of VERVE-101 in studies of non-human primates and also in a murine F1 progeny study. Dr. Peder Myhre: So more on PCSK9s, and this time CRISPR technology. Very exciting. Greg, what did they find? Dr. Greg Hundley: Right, Peder. So VERVE-101 was well tolerated in non-human primates and led to, listen to this, an 83% lower blood PCSK9 protein and 69% lowering of LDL-C with durable effects up to 476 days following the dosing. These results have supported initiation of a first inhuman clinical trial. That's what needs to come next in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Wow. Dr. Peder Myhre: Even greater reductions from this therapy on PCSK9 than the previous PCSK9 inhibitor therapies. Wow. Okay, Greg, and now we go from one fascinating study to another. And this time we actually have the primary results from a large randomized clinical trial, Greg. Isn't that exciting? Dr. Greg Hundley: Yes. Dr. Peder Myhre: And this paper describes the primary results of a trial testing in Indobufen versus aspirin on top of clopidogrel in patients undergoing PCI with drug-eluting stent DES who did not have elevated troponin. So that is patients without mycardial infarction. And in fact, fact, this is the first large randomized control trial to explore the efficacy and safety of aspirin replacement on top of P2Y12 inhibitor in patients receiving PCI with death. And Greg, I suppose you like I wonder what Indobufen is, and I just learned that that is a reversible inhibitor of platelet Cox-1 activity and it has comparable biochemical and functional effects to dose of aspirin. And previous data indicate that Indobufen could lessen the unwanted side effects of aspirin and that includes allergy intolerance and most importantly, aspirin resistance, while it retains the antithrombotic efficacy. Dr. Greg Hundley: Wow, Peder. Really interesting and great explanation. Indobufen. So how did they design this trial and what were the primary results? Dr. Peder Myhre: So Greg, the investigators of this trial, called OPTION, led by corresponding authors, Drs. Ge, Quian, and Wu from Fudan University in Shanghai, randomized 4,551 patients from 103 center to either indobufen based DAPT or conventional, and that is aspirin based DAPT for 12 months after DES implementation. And the trial was open label and with a non-inferiority design, which is important to keep in mind. And the primary endpoint was a one year composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, ischemic stroke, definite or probable stent thrombosis or bleeding, defined as BARC criteria type 2, 3, or 5. And now Greg, the primary endpoint occurred in 101, that is 4.5% of patients in the indobufen based DAPT group compared to 140, that is 6.1% patients, in the conventional DAPT group. And that yields an absolute difference of 1.6%. And the P for non-inferiority was less than 0.01. And the hazard ratio was 0.73 with confidence intervals ranging from 0.56 to 0.94. And Greg, the occurrence of bleeding was particularly interesting and that was also lower in the indobufen based DAPT group compared to the conventional DAPT group. And that was 3.0% versus 4.0% with the hazard ratio of 0.63. And that was primarily driven by a decrease in BARC type two bleeding. So Greg, the authors conclude that in Chinese patients with negative cardiac troponin undergoing DES implementation, indobufen plus clopidogrel DAPT compared with aspirin plus clopidogrel DAPT significantly reduced the risk of one year net clinical outcomes, which was mainly driven by reduction in bleeding events without an increase in ischemic events. Dr. Greg Hundley: Very nice, Peder. So another reversible inhibitor of platelet COX-1 activity, indobufen. And seems to be very, have high utility in individuals of Chinese ethnicity and Asian race. Well, perhaps more to come on that particular drug. Peder, how about we dive into some of the other articles in the issue? And I'll go first. So first, there's a Frontiers article by Professor Beatty entitled “A New Era and Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivery: Research Gaps, Questions, Strategies and Priorities.” And then there's a Research Letter by Professor Zuurbier entitled, “SGLT-2 inhibitor, Empagliflozin, reduces Infarct Size Independent of SGLT-2.” Dr. Peder Myhre: And then Greg, we have a new ECG challenge by Drs. Haghighat, Goldschlager and Oesterle entitled, “AV Block or Something Else?” And then there is a Perspective piece by Dr. Patrick Lawler entitled, “Models for Evidence Generation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Opportunities for Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Medicine.” And Greg, there's definitely so much to learn from all the research that has been done through the pandemic. And finally, we have our own Molly Robbins giving us Highlights from the Circulation Family of Journals. And first, there is a paper describing the characteristics of postoperative heart block in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery described in Circulation: Arrhythmia Electrophysiology. Next, the impact of socioeconomic disadvantages on heart failure outcomes reported in Circulation: Heart Failure. Then there is social and physical barriers to healthy food explored in circulation, cardiovascular quality and outcomes. And then there is the association of culprit-plaque morphology with varying degrees of infarct, myocardial injury size reported in Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. And finally, the impact of optical coherence tomography on PCI decisions reported in circulation cardiovascular interventions. Dr. Greg Hundley: Fantastic, Peder. Well, how about we get off to that feature discussion? Dr. Peder Myhre: Let's go. Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: Well, thank you and welcome to this episode of the Circulation on the Run Podcast. I'm really excited today to host this show. My name is Mercedes Carnethon. I'm an associate editor at Circulation and Professor and Vice Chair of Preventive Medicine at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. I'm really excited to learn from the lead author of a new study on decongestion with Acetazolamide and acute decompensated heart failure across the spectrum of LV ejection fraction. And I've got the lead author with me today, Pieter Martens, as well as my colleague and associate editor Justin Grodin, who handled the paper. So I'd love to start off with just welcoming you, Dr. Martens. Dr. Pieter Martens: Thank you for having me. It's a pleasure to be here today. Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: Yes. And thank you so much for submitting your important work to the journal, Circulation. I'd love to start to hear a little bit about what was your rationale for carrying out this trial and tell us a little bit about what you found. Dr. Pieter Martens: So the ADVOR trial was a double blind placebo controlled randomized trial, which was performed in Belgium. And it set out to assess the effect of acetazolamide in acute decompensated heart failure and this on top of standardized loop diuretic therapy and patients with heart failure. And the goal of the current analysis was to assess whether the treatment effect of acetazolamide in acute heart failure differs amongst patients with a different ejection fraction at baseline at randomization. So we looked specifically at patients with heart failure, reduced, mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction to determine whether acetazolamide works equally well in those patients. Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: Well, thank you so much. Tell me a little more. What did you find? Did your findings surprise you? Dr. Pieter Martens: All patients that were randomized in the ADVOR trial, we registered a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline. And what we saw was at the multiple endpoints that we collected in the ADVOR trial, that randomization towards acetazolamide was associated with a pronounced and preserved treatment effect. And different endpoints that we looked at was a primary endpoint which was successful, which is an important endpoint, which we all strive towards in acute decompensated heart failure. And we saw that irrespective of what your baseline ejection fraction was, that randomization towards acetazolamide was associated with a higher odds ratio for having successful decongestion. And also looking at other endpoints which we find important in the treatment of patients with acute compensated heart failure, such as renal endpoints such as the diuresis, the amount of urine that they make, or the natruresis, the amount of sodium that they excrete, we again saw that randomization towards acetazolamide was associated with a higher treatment effect, so more diuresis, more natruresis, which was not effective, whether you had heart failure, reduced, mildly reduced or preserved eject fraction. We did see a slight increase in the creatinine, which was a little bit more pronounced in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: Thank you so much for that excellent summary. I'm an epidemiologist, so I'm certainly aware that of the cardiovascular diseases and their changes over time, heart failure is one that is going up over time and affecting more of the population. So I know I really enjoyed hearing about an additional therapy that helps to improve quality of life and improve clinical outcomes in individuals who are experiencing heart failure. And I'm really curious as I turn to you, Justin, what attracted you to this particular article and why did you find it to be such a good fit for our audience here at Circulation? Dr. Justin Grodin: Well, Mercedes, I mean, I think you hit the nail on the head with your comment. And clearly when we look at Medicare beneficiaries in the United States, hospitalization for decompensated heart failure is the number one or most common cause for hospitalization. And up to this time, we really haven't had any multi-center randomized control clinical trials that have really informed clinical care with a positive result or a novel strategy that says, "Hey, this might be a better way to treat someone in comparison with something else." And so when we have a clinical trial like ADVOR, one of the crucial things that we want to understand is how does this work and does it work for everybody? And now when we look at the population hospitalized with heart failure, we know that approximately half of them have a weak heart or low ejection fraction, and the other half have a stiff heart, a normal ejection fraction. And so since we've got this 50/50 makeup, it is a crucially important question to understand if we have an important study like ADVOR, does this apply? Are these benefits enjoyed by all these individuals across the spectrum? Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: Thank you so much for really putting that in context. And I believe you had some additional questions for Dr. Martens. Dr. Justin Grodin: Yes. Yeah, thank you. So Pieter, I mean obviously this was a terrific study. One question I had for you guys is, you and your colleagues and the ADVOR research team is whether you had expected these results. Because we know at least historically, that there might be different cardiorenal implications for individuals that have a weak heart or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in comparison with a stiff heart or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Dr. Pieter Martens: Thank you for that comment. And thank you also for the nice feedback on the paper. I think we were not really completely surprised by the results. I think from a pathophysiologic perspective, we do wonder whether heart failure with reduced ejection fraction from a kind of renal perspective is different from heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Clearly, there are a lot of pathophysiological differences between heart failure with reduced, mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction. But when it comes to congestion and acute heart failure, they seem to behave, or at least similarly in terms of response to acetazolamide, which was very interesting. We do think there are neurohormonal differences between heart failure reduced ejection fraction, preserved ejection fraction. But at least how acetazolamide works seems relatively unaffected by the ejection fraction. Dr. Justin Grodin: And Pieter, another question that comes to mind, and this is getting a little bit technical, but there have been studies that have shown that people that present to the hospital with decompensated heart failure, that have HFpEF, have a very different perhaps congestion phenotype where they might not have as much blood volume expansion. And so I, for one, was pretty curious as to how these results were going to play out. And I wonder what your thoughts are on that, or maybe that's perhaps more niche and less widely applicable than what you observed. Dr. Pieter Martens: Now, I can completely agree that when we are thinking about congestion, the congestion itself is a sort of pressure based phenomenon. And the pressure based phenomenon is based on what your volume is and the compliance within your cardiovascular system. But I think one of the important things to remember is that how we enrolled patients in the ADVOR trial was that we enrolled patients who had clear signs of volume overload. Remember, we used a volume score to assess clinical decongestion or actually getting rid of the volume. Volume assessment isn't really necessarily a pressure based assessment. And pressures might be the genesis of elevated pressures might be different amongst heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction. But what was really clear was that all these patients were volume overloaded. And when you think about the volume axis, then it's really about getting rid of that additional sodium, water, and that's where really acetazolamide works. So I do think we differ a little bit from historical acute decompensated heart failure trials in which they sometimes use signs and symptoms of more congestion, a pressure based phenomenon, where our endpoint was truly at volume endpoint. And we do believe that diuretics work really on a volume component of heart failure. Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: Thank you so much, especially for explaining that in a way that even non-clinicians such as myself can understand the potential implications. A big picture question that I have, and I really enjoy these discussions because they give us an opportunity to speculate beyond what we read in the paper. And that question is we do clinical trials and we identify effective therapies. And one of the bigger challenges we often face is getting those therapies out to the people who need them. Do you perceive any barriers in uptake of the use of acetazolamide in clinical practice? Dr. Pieter Martens: That's an excellent question. So one of the, I think beauties about acetazolamide is that this drug has been on the market for about 70 years. So I think everybody has access to it. This is not a novel compound which needs to go through different steps of getting marketing approval and getting a sort of reimbursement before it becomes available in clinical practice. And in theory, everybody should have access to this relatively cheap agent and can use it in its clinical practice. And I think it was very interested when we came out with the initial paper. I think already the day afterwards, we were getting messages from across the world that people have been using acetazolamide. So I think it is an agent which is available in current clinical practice and should not be too many barriers to its current implementation and clinical practice. Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: Well, that's fantastic to hear. So I hope Justin, that you will certainly help to ring the bell to get the information out about this wonderful study. I do want to turn to you, Pieter, to find out whether or not there are any final points that you didn't have an opportunity to discuss with us today. Dr. Pieter Martens: Think some of the other end points we didn't discuss were the effect, for instance, on length of stay. I think length of stay is a very important endpoint because hospital admissions, like Justin said, heart failure is the number one reason why elderly patients are being admitted. And just shortening the length of stay from a financial perspective might be important. So it was also very interesting to see that the use of acetazolamide in the study also translated into a shorter length of stay, which was also was unaffected, whether you had heart failure, reduced, mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction, Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: Well, I certainly know people appreciate being in their own homes and being able to discharge is certainly a major benefit. So thank you so much for sharing that final point. I really want to thank you so much for a stimulating discussion today. I know that I learned a lot from you, Pieter, and the hard work of your research team as well as from you, Justin, for putting these findings in context and really helping our listeners and the readers of our journal understand why this paper is so important and how it's really moving the field forward for a clinically important problem. So thank you both so much for joining us here today on Circulation on the Run. Dr. Justin Grodin: Thank you. Dr. Pieter Martens: Thank you for having me. Dr. Mercedes Carnethon: I really want to thank our listeners for joining us today for this episode of Circulation on the Run. I hope you will join us again next week for more exciting discussions with our authors. Dr. Greg Hundley: This program is copyright of the American Heart Association 2023. The opinions expressed by speakers in this podcast are their own and not necessarily those of the editors or of the American Heart Association. For more, please visit ahajournals.org.
Chris and Cara discuss underappreciated athletes before unpacking Big Data with Dr. Elizabeth Miller, an Associate Professor at the University of South Florida. Dr. Miller is a biological anthropologist interested in evolutionary and biocultural approaches to maternal and child health. Her research program spans the study of human milk composition and infant feeding practices, infant immune function in diverse ecologies, maternal iron homeostasis, and early microbiome maturation. In this episode, she breaks down her use of a biocultural approach to early growth using data from NHANES to test the effects of social inequalities on birth weight and later height and how it can be used to contextualize potential pathways of embodiment that link social structure and biology. Her latest publication can be found in AJHB, titled: A critical biocultural approach to early growth in the United States Find it here: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23726 ------------------------------ Dr. Miller's e-mail: emm3@usf.edu Twitter: @humanbiolab Website: https://humanbiolab.wordpress.com/ -------------------- Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and Human Biology Association: Facebook: www.facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation Website:humbio.org/, Twitter: @HumBioAssoc Cara Ocobock, Website: sites.nd.edu/cara-ocobock/, Email:cocobock@nd.edu, Twitter:@CaraOcobock Chris Lynn, HBA Public Relations Committee Chair, Website: cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, Email: cdlynn@ua.edu, Twitter:@Chris_Ly Cristina Gildee, HBA Junior Fellow, SoS producer: E-mail: cgildee@uw.edu
This is a re-posting of Episode 59 due to audio problems with the original posting. Fructose is sweeter than glucose and is often added to processed foods as a sweetener, commonly in the form of high-fructose corn syrup. Some studies suggest that fructose consumption may be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and some new research, recently presented at ENDO, addresses this issue. Host Aaron Lohr talks with one of the authors of this research, Theodore Friedman, MD, PhD, chairman of internal medicine at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science and professor of medicine at University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Friedman and colleagues’ oral presentation at ENDO 2022 is titled, “Fructose Consumption in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in U.S. Adult Population of NHANES 17-18” (NHANES being a national health and nutrition examination survey). For more information, including helpful links and other episodes, visit our website at https://www.endocrine.org/podcast.
Fructose is sweeter than glucose and is often added to processed foods as a sweetener, commonly in the form of high-fructose corn syrup. Some studies suggest that fructose consumption may be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and some new research, recently presented at ENDO, addresses this issue. Host Aaron Lohr talks with one of the authors of this research, Theodore Friedman, MD, PhD, chairman of internal medicine at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science and professor of medicine at University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Friedman and colleagues’ oral presentation at ENDO 2022 is titled, “Fructose Consumption in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in U.S. Adult Population of NHANES 17-18” (NHANES being a national health and nutrition examination survey). For more information, including helpful links and other episodes, visit our website at https://www.endocrine.org/podcast
Fructose is sweeter than glucose and is often added to processed foods as a sweetener, commonly in the form of high-fructose corn syrup. Some studies suggest that fructose consumption may be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and some new research, recently presented at ENDO, addresses this issue. Host Aaron Lohr talks with one of the authors of this research, Theodore Friedman, MD, PhD, chairman of internal medicine at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science and professor of medicine at University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Friedman and colleagues’ oral presentation at ENDO 2022 is titled, “Fructose Consumption in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in U.S. Adult Population of NHANES 17-18” (NHANES being a national health and nutrition examination survey). For more information, including helpful links and other episodes, visit our website at https://www.endocrine.org/podcast
Fructose is sweeter than glucose and is often added to processed foods as a sweetener, commonly in the form of high-fructose corn syrup. Some studies suggest that fructose consumption may be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and some new research, recently presented at ENDO, addresses this issue. Host Aaron Lohr talks with one of the authors of this research, Theodore Friedman, MD, PhD, chairman of internal medicine at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine & Science and professor of medicine at University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Friedman and colleagues’ oral presentation at ENDO 2022 is titled, “Fructose Consumption in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in U.S. Adult Population of NHANES 17-18” (NHANES being a national health and nutrition examination survey). For more information, including helpful links and other episodes, visit our website at https://www.endocrine.org/podcast
Download Transcript Is your nose stuffy and you need a quick way to open up your nose? There are many ways to clear up your blocked nose quickly and relatively cheaply or even for free. In this video, I'll reveal 7 insanely simple ways to unblock your stuffy nose. Stick to the end I'll give you one more bonus tip that I guarantee you'll get excited about. ✅ Video Chapters 00:00 Introduction 00:26 Nasal saline irrigation 02:57 Capsaicin 03:17 Essential Oils 03:46 Breath holding 04:07 Exercise 04:24 Vitamin D 05:15 Acupuncture 06:00 Acupressure technique to relieve nasal congestion 06:22 Bonus tip: Have sex ✅ Links mentioned in video NeilMed sinus rinse packets Apple cider vinegar and cayenne steam video A Systematic Review of the Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of 16 Essential Oils of Herbs Seven Uses for 50 Essential Oils book Konstatin Buteyko Nose Unblocking Exercises - Patrick McKeown / Oxygen Advantage Vitamin D levels and food and environmental allergies in the United States: Results from NHANES 2005–2006 Immune modulatory effects of vitamin D on viral infections Acupuncture for nasal congestion: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical pilot study ✅ Dr. Park's Products and Services How you can lose weight naturally without cardio or counting calories. Dr. Park's The 90-Day Sleep Diet. Want to un-stuff your stuffy nose? Read the e-book, How to Un-stuff Your Stuffy Nose: Breathe Better, Lose Weight, Sleep Great (PDF) Your Health Transformation Workbook: Refresh, Restore, & Rejuvenate Your Life (online format) Want to have more energy, sleep better, have less pain, and enjoy living again? Reserve a Virtual Coaching sessiontoday with Dr. Park ✅ Connect with Dr. Park DoctorStevenPark.com doctorpark@doctorstevenpark.com For inquiries about interviews or presentations, please contact Dr. Park through his website at doctorstevenpark.com. ✅ Disclaimer This video is for general educational and informational purposes only. It is not to be taken as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult with your doctor first before making any changes to your health, exercise, nutrition, or dietary regimen. Certain product links above will take you to Amazon.com. If you then go on to buy the product, Amazon will provide me with a small commission, which will not cost you anything.
Videos: 1. Forget the Great Reset. Embrace the Great Escape. – Zach Weissmueller of ReasonTV (8:20) 2. Whoopsie: The FDA Green-Lighted the Moderna Jab for Babies After Losing the Placebo Group – Del Bigtree of the The Highwire (20:00) 3. BOMBSHELL: Dr. Clare Craig Exposes How Pfizer Twisted Their Clinical Trial Data for Young Children Greater folate and vitamin B6 intake linked to lower risk of mortality during 9.8-year period Zhengzhou University (China), July 6 2022. A study published in Nutrients revealed a decreased risk of death during a median period of 9.8 years among men and women with a greater intake of vitamin B6 and the B vitamin folate compared to those whose intake was lower. The investigation included 55,569 participants enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and eight cycles of the continuous NHANES that occurred between 1999 and 2014. Dietary recall interview responses were analyzed for the intake of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. Men whose intake of folate was among the top 25% of individuals in the study had a 23% lower risk of death from any cause, a 41% lower risk of cardiovascular disease mortality and a 32% lower risk of cancer mortality during follow-up than those whose intake was among the lowest 25%. Among women in the top 25%, the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 14% and 47% lower. For men whose intake of vitamin B6 was among the highest 25% of those included in the study, the risk of all-cause mortality was 21% lower, cardiovascular disease mortality was 31% lower and cancer mortality was 27% lower compared to individuals whose intake was lowest. The risk of mortality among women whose vitamin B6 intake was among the top 25% was 12% lower than those whose intake was among the lowest 25% and their risk of dying from cardiovascular disease was 44% lower. To shed weight, go vegan E-Da Hospital (Taiwan), June 30, 2022 People on a vegetarian diet, and especially those following a vegan one that includes no animal products, see better results than dieters on other weight-reducing plans. In fact, they can lose around two kilograms more on the short term, says Ru-Yi Huang of E-Da Hospital in Taiwan after reviewing the results of twelve diet trials. Huang's review includes twelve randomized controlled trials, involving 1,151 dieters who followed a specific eating regime for between nine and 74 weeks. Overall, individuals assigned to the vegetarian diet groups lost significantly more weight (around 2.02 kilograms) than dieters who ate meat and other animal products. Vegetarians who followed a vegan diet lost even more weight. Comparatively, they lost around 2.52 kilograms more than non-vegetarian dieters. Vegetarians who do consume dairy products and eggs lost around 1.48 kilograms more than those on a non-vegetarian diet. People following vegetarian diets that prescribe a lower than normal intake of calories (so-called energy restriction) also shed more kilograms than those without any such limitations being placed on their eating habits. According to Huang, the abundant intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables might play a role in the favorable results seen in vegetarian diets. Whole-grain products and vegetables generally have low glycemic index values and don't cause blood sugar levels to spike. Fruits are rich in fiber, antioxidants, minerals and protective chemicals that naturally occur in plants. Whole-grain products contain soluble fiber. Such so-called good fiber helps to delay the speed by which food leaves the stomach and ensures good digestion. It also allows enough nutrients to be absorbed while food moves through the intestines. Social interactions tied to sense of purpose for older adults Washington University in St. Louis, July 6, 2022 Having positive social interactions is associated with older adults' sense of purposefulness, which can fluctuate from day to day, according to research from the Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis. And although these findings, published in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, apply to both working and retired adults, the research found that for better and for worse these interactions are more strongly correlated to purposefulness in people who are retired. The research team worked with a group of some 100 adults with an average age of about 71. For 15 days, participants were asked three times daily about the quality of the social interactions they'd had that day. After analyzing the responses, they found—relative to each person's own baseline—the more positive interactions a person had during the day, the more purposeful they reported feeling in the evening. Other measures, including employment and relationship status, did not predict a person's sense of purpose. Of note, Pfund said, the study also showed how dynamic a person's own sense of purpose could be. Although some people do tend to be generally more or less purposeful overall, Pfund said, “We found purpose can change from day to day. Everyone was experiencing fluctuations relative to their own averages.” The association was much stronger in retired people, the data showed: more positive social interactions showed a stronger association with a higher sense of purpose while more negative interactions were more strongly tied to a lower sense of purpose. Resveratrol may prevent sedentary lifestyle effects University of Strasbourg (France), July 01, 2022 An article published in the FASEB Journal reveals yet another benefit for resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine and grapes. The current research suggests that resveratrol could help protect against the adverse effects of weightlessness during space flight as well as those caused by a sedentary lifestyle, which has been linked to cardiovascular disease, obesity and other health conditions. “Long-term spaceflight induces hypokinesia and hypodynamia, which, along microgravity per se, result in a number of significant physiological alterations, such as muscle atrophy, force reduction, insulin resistance, substrate use shift from fats to carbohydrates, and bone loss. “Each of these adaptations could turn to serious health deterioration during the long-term spaceflight needed for planetary exploration.” The research team tested the effects of resveratrol in rats undergoing simulated weightlessness. While animals that did not receive resveratrol experienced a reduction in soleus muscle mass and strength, bone mineral density and resistance to breakage, as well as the development of insulin resistance, treatment with resveratrol protected against these conditions. “There are overwhelming data showing that the human body needs physical activity, but for some of us, getting that activity isn't easy,” commented FASEB Journal Editor-in-Chief Gerald Weissmann, MD. “A low gravity environment makes it nearly impossible for astronauts. For the earthbound, barriers to physical activity are equally challenging, whether they be disease, injury, or a desk job. Resveratrol may not be a substitute for exercise, but it could slow deterioration until someone can get moving again.” Why does acupuncture work? Study finds it elevates nitric oxide, leading to pain reduction LA BioMed, June 29, 2022 The use of acupuncture to treat pain dates back to the earliest recorded history in China. Despite centuries of acupuncture, it's still not clear why this method of applying and stimulating tiny needles at certain points on the body can relieve pain. A new study from LA BioMed researchers offers some answers for why acupuncture may help and why clinical trials have produced mixed results. The researchers found the proper use of acupuncture (with the reinforcement method or coupled with heat, which is often used in acupuncture treatments) can lead to elevated levels of nitric oxide in the skin at the “acupoints” where the needles were inserted and manipulated. They noted that nitric oxide increases blood flow and encourages the release of analgesic or sensitizing substances, which causes the skin to feel warmer and contributes to the beneficial effects of the therapies.For the latest study, the LA BioMed researchers used a low force and rate/reinforcement method of acupuncture. They gently inserted acupuncture needles into the skin of 25 men and women, aged 18-60 years, and delicately twisted the needles for two minutes or until they achieved a sensation of “de qi” (soreness, numbness, distension or pain). They then manipulated the needles using gentle amplitude and moderate speed for two minutes every five minutes for a total of 20 minutes.They also applied electrical heat for 20 minutes and found elevated levels of nitric oxide at the acupoints. To further validate their findings, they conducted the test with high-frequency and force, which is known as a reduction method, and found nitric oxide levels over the areas of the skin region were reduced. Thyroid problems linked to increased risk of dementia Brown University, July 6, 2022 Older people with hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, may be at increased risk of developing dementia, according to a study published in the online issue of Neurology. The risk of developing dementia was even higher for people whose thyroid condition required thyroid hormone replacement medication. “In some cases, thyroid disorders have been associated with dementia symptoms that can be reversible with treatment,” said study author Chien-Hsiang Weng, MD, MPH, of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. For the study, researchers looked at the health records of 7,843 people newly diagnosed with dementia in Taiwan and compared them to the same number of people who did not have dementia. Their average age was 75. Researchers looked to see who had a history of either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. A total of 102 people had hypothyroidism and 133 had hyperthyroidism. The researchers found no link between hyperthyroidism and dementia. Of the people with dementia, 68 people, or 0.9%, had hypothyroidism, compared to 34 of the people without dementia, or 0.4%. When researchers adjusted for other factors that could affect the risk of dementia, such as sex, age, high blood pressureand diabetes, they found that people over age 65 with hypothyroidism were 80% more likely to develop dementia than people the same age who did not have thyroid problems. For people younger than 65, having a history of hypothyroidism was not associated with an increased risk of dementia. When researchers looked only at people who took medication for hypothyroidism, they found they were three times more likely to develop dementia than those who did not take medication. “One explanation for this could be that these people are more likely to experience greater symptoms from hypothyroidism where treatment was needed,” Weng said.
video: 1. 87% of Clinical Trial Data Hidden from Medical Journals; Fmr FDA Director: Not Our Job to Correct Faulty Drug Data in Articles – Roman Balmakov from Matter of Fact (10:00) 2. Sotomayor Voices Strong Defense Of Clarence Thomas (4:17) 3. Lara Logan Rapid Fires Truth Bombs On Ukraine Propaganda & The Democrat Narratives Of The Day (2:57) 4. There was an unexpected 40% increase in ‘all cause deaths' in 2021 (8:28) 5. New Rule: I Want My Lawyer! | Real Time with Bill Maher (HBO) ( 8:27) Resveratrol may turn white fat into ‘healthier' brown-like fat Washington State University, June 26, 2022 Resveratrol, a polyphenol from grapes and red wine, may convert excess white fat into calorie-burning brown-like fat, suggests a new study from Washington State University. According to data from lab mice, supplementing a high fat diet with resveratrol reduced weight gain by about 40% compared with control mice fed the high fat diet only. Professor Min Du and his co-workers demonstrated that mice fed a diet containing 0.1% resveratrol were able to change their excess white fat into the active, energy-burning ‘beige' fat. The researchers also showed that an enzyme called AMPK, which regulates the body's energy metabolism, stimulates this transition of white fat into the brown-like fat. “We provide evidence that resveratrol induces the formation of brown-like adipocytes in mouse [white adipose tissue in the groin] by increasing the expression of genes specific to brown adipocytes and stimulating fatty acid oxidation, which appeared to be primarily mediated by AMPK-alpha1,” wrote the researchers in the International Journal of Obesity “These data demonstrate, in addition to the inhibition of adipogenesis and stimulation of lipolysis, a novel browning role of resveratrol in white adipose tissue, which contributes to the beneficial effects of resveratrol in metabolism. Higher serum antioxidant vitamins predict lower risk of respiratory illness and mortality National Institutes of Health, July 1 2022. A pooled analysis published in Respiratory Research concluded that having lower serum levels of vitamins C and E was associated with a greater risk of suffering from wheeze or respiratory diseases, and that lower vitamin A, C and D were associated with an increased risk of dying from respiratory diseases. Paivi M. Salo and colleagues analyzed data from 16,218 men and women who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), and 17,838 adults who were continuous NHANES participants who had information available concerning at least one serum antioxidant vitamin level. Forty-two percent of the participants reported using vitamin supplements. Lower vitamin C levels were associated with a greater risk of wheeze. Among smokers, lower levels of the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E were associated with increased wheeze and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. A higher risk of death from chronic lower respiratory disease was associated with lower levels of vitamin C. Among smokers with lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, chronic lower respiratory disease and influenza/pneumonia deaths were increased. Greater influenza and pneumonia mortality was also associated with lower vitamin A levels. In pooled analysis of NHANES III and continuous NHANEs participants, vitamin C deficiency doubled the risk of dying from influenza or pneumonia in comparison with sufficiency. Eat dark chocolate to beat the midday slump? Northern Arizona University, July 1, 2022 Larry Stevens eats a piece of high-cacao content chocolate every afternoon, which is in part because he has developed a taste for the unsweetened dark chocolate. Research shows that eating a piece of high-cacao content chocolate every afternoon lowers blood pressure and his new study reveals that it improves attention, which is especially important when hitting that midday slump. The study, published in the journal NeuroRegulation, examines the acute effects of chocolate on attentional characteristics of the brain and the first-ever study of chocolate consumption performed using electroencephalography, or EEG technology. EEG studies take images of the brain while it is performing a cognitive task and measure the brain activity. Stevens and his colleagues in the Department of Psychological Sciences performed the EEG study with 122 participants between the ages of 18 and 25 years old. The researchers examined the EEG levels and blood pressure effects of consuming a 60 percent cacao confection compared with five control conditions. The results for the participants who consumed the 60 percent cacao chocolate showed that the brain was more alert and attentive after consumption. Their blood pressure also increased for a short time. The most interesting results came from one of the control conditions, a 60 percent cacao chocolate which included L-theanine, an amino acid found in green tea that acts as a relaxant. This combination hasn't been introduced to the market yet, so you won't find it on the candy aisle. But it is of interest to Hershey and the researchers. “L-theanine is a really fascinating product that lowers blood pressure and produces what we call alpha waves in the brain that are very calm and peaceful,” Stevens said. “We thought that if chocolate acutely elevates blood pressure, and L-theanine lowers blood pressure, then maybe the L-theanine would counteract the short-term hypertensive effects of chocolate.” For participants who consumed the high-cacao content chocolate with L-theanine, researchers recorded an immediate drop in blood pressure. “It's remarkable. The potential here is for a heart healthy chocolate confection that contains a high level of cacao with L-theanine that is good for your heart, lowers blood pressure and helps you pay attention,” Stevens said. Only seven percent of adults have good cardiometabolic health Tufts University, July 1, 2022 Less than 7 percent of the U.S. adult population has good cardiometabolic health, a devastating health crisis requiring urgent action, according to research led by a team from the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University in a pioneering perspective on cardiometabolic health trends and disparities published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Researchers evaluated Americans across five components of health: levels of blood pressure, blood sugar, blood cholesterol, adiposity (overweight and obesity), and presence or absence of cardiovascular disease (heart attack, stroke, etc.). They found that only 6.8 percent of U.S. adults had optimal levels of all five components as of 2017-2018. Among these five components, trends between 1999 and 2018 also worsened significantly for adiposity and blood glucose. In 1999, 1 out of 3 adults had optimal levels for adiposity (no overweight or obesity); that number decreased to 1 out of 4 by 2018. Likewise, while 3 out of 5 adults didn't have diabetes or prediabetes in 1999, fewer than 4 out of 10 adults were free of these conditions in 2018. The study looked at a nationally representative sample of about 55,000 people aged 20 years or older from the 10 most recent cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Generations Were Raised To Believe Processed Fruit Juice Was Health Food When It's Actually Junk Food Prevent Disease, June 30, 2022 There was a time when fruit juices were marketed as the ultimate health drink. A glass of sunshine packed with vitamins and energy. However, one of the great scams of the industrial food cartel is the so-called “fresh” juices sold in supermarkets. Many of these “fresh” juices can be stored for a year, so how fresh are they? The idea goes back to the 1920s, when American nutritionist Elmer McCollum blamed a condition called acidosis, an excess of acid in the blood, on diets rich in bread and meat. His solution was lots of lettuce and — paradoxically — citrus fruits. At the time orange juice was not hugely popular, but juice got an even bigger boost thanks to World War II when the U.S. Government wanted a new way to get a product rich in vitamin C to troops overseas. It poured money into research. In 1947 — just in time for the post-war consumer boom — scientists invented a way to remove water from juice and freeze the concentrate into a palatable product. The blocks of this concentrate could be sold to the new fridge-owning U.S. consumers or stored by manufacturers for months at a time, and sales exploded. Turns out there's a lot more to making juice than simply squeezing some citrus. As part of the mass-production process, big-name brands like Tropicana, Minute Maid, Simply Orange, and Florida's Natural add artificial flavouring in order to make sure your juice tastes consistent from carton to carton–and to make sure it tastes like oranges. Pasteurized, not-from-concentrate orange juice takes up a lot of storage space. In order to keep it from spoiling without adding chemical preservatives, the companies “deaerate” (or strip the oxygen out of) the juice. (Another surprise: During production, deaerated juice often sit in million-gallon tanks for as long as a year before it hits supermarket shelves.) The process strips the juice of flavour, which has to be added afterwards. Findings of a Consumer Reports investigation about arsenic and lead levels in apple juice and grape juice have prompted the organization to call for government standards to limit consumers' exposure to these toxins. Mediterranean diet plus olive oil or nuts associated with improved cognitive function Institute of Biomedical Investigations (Spain), July 2, 2022 Supplementing the plant-based Mediterranean diet with antioxidant-rich extra virgin olive oil or mixed nuts was associated with improved cognitive function in a study of older adults in Spain but the authors warn more investigation is needed, according to an article published by JAMA Internal Medicine. Previous research suggests following a Mediterranean diet may relate to better cognitive function and a lower risk of dementia. However, the observational studies that have examined these associations have limitations, according to the study background. Emilio Ros, M.D., Ph.D., of the Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques and coauthors compared a Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil or nuts with a low-fat control diet. The randomized clinical trial included 447 cognitively healthy volunteers (223 were women; average age was nearly 67 years) who were at high cardiovascular risk and were enrolled in the Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea nutrition intervention. Of the participants, 155 individuals were assigned to supplement a Mediterranean diet with one liter of extra virgin olive oil per week; 147 were assigned to supplement a Mediterranean diet with 30 grams per day of a mix of walnuts, hazelnuts and almonds; and 145 individuals were assigned to follow a low-fat control diet. The study found that individuals assigned to the low-fat control diet had a significant decrease from baseline in all composites of cognitive function. Compared with the control group, the memory composite improved significantly in the Mediterranean diet plus nuts, while the frontal and global cognition composites improved in the Mediterranean diet plus olive oil group. The authors note the changes for the two Mediterranean diet arms in each composite were more like each other than when comparing the individual Mediterranean diet groups with the low-fat diet control group. “Our results suggest that in an older population a Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil or nuts may counter-act age-related cognitive decline.
Today's episode features a Road to the Stage update by Greg, followed by a fascinating Research Review about the effects of spirulina supplementation on symptoms of allergic rhinitis. After that, Greg and Eric answer a few questions from listeners, covering topics including the effects of dietary fat intake on satiety, the pros and cons of supplementing with vitamins and fish oil, and the utility of bathroom scales with bioelectrical impedance technology for tracking longitudinal changes in body composition. To close out the show, Eric shares a remarkable stat from the NBA, and Greg shares a movie recommendation. SUPPORT THE PODCASTReceive our Research Spotlight newsletter, and check out our Facebook group and subreddit.MacroFactorIf you want to learn more about our MacroFactor diet app, check it out here.To join in on the MacroFactor conversation, check out our Facebook group and subreddit.MASS Research ReviewSubscribe to the MASS Research Review to get concise and applicable breakdowns of the latest strength, physique, and nutrition research – delivered monthly.Bulk SupplementsFinally, next time you stock up on supplements from BulkSupplements.com, be sure to use the promo code “SBSPOD” (all caps) to get 5% off your entire order. TIME STAMPSIntro/Announcements (0:00)Road to the Stage / Road to Athens (2:01)Research Review: Spirulina for allergic rhinitis (3:53)Efficacy of Spirulina for Allergic RhinitisQ&A (22:31)Is dietary fat actually satiating? (22:40)Fats and SatietySome people in the fitness industry are fairly outspoken critics of multivitamin, vitamin D, and fish oil supplementation. What's Eric's take on the matter? (51:52)U.S. adults are not meeting recommended levels for fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake: results of an analysis using observational data from NHANES 2003–2008Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid serum concentrations across life stages in the USA: an analysis of NHANES 2011–2012Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implicationsRisk of Deficiency in Multiple Concurrent Micronutrients in Children and Adults in the United StatesInadequacy of Immune Health Nutrients: Intakes in US Adults, the 2005–2016 NHANESMultivitamin/mineral supplement contribution to micronutrient intakes in the United States, 2007-2010Foods, fortificants, and supplements: Where do Americans get their nutrients?Nutrients in the US Diet: Naturally Occurring or Enriched/Fortified Food and Beverage Sources, Plus Dietary Supplements: NHANES 2009-2012Risk of Deficiency in Multiple Concurrent Micronutrients in Children and Adults in the United StatesImpact of Frequency of Multi-Vitamin/Multi-Mineral Supplement Intake on Nutritional Adequacy and Nutrient Deficiencies in U.S. AdultsWhen it comes to estimating body-fat percentage, BIA scales aren't valid. But are they reliable enough to track body composition changes over time? (1:10:04)To Play Us Out: Stat of the day (NBA edition) and a movie recommendation (1:21:24)
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