Podcasts about independently

Y'all, when someone tells me they can measure my body composition with just my phone camera, I'll admit I was skeptical. But after sitting down with Jason Moore (founder of Ren) and the fabulous data nerd herself, Deborah Roko, I'm convinced we're looking at the future of fitness coaching. And it's arriving faster than you think. These two are solving the biggest pain point in our industry: what happens during those 163 hours when your clients aren't in your studio. ● Camera magic: Independently validated technology that measures body fat percentage, lean mass, and muscle distribution using just your smartphone - no more $12K DEXA scans or InBody machines ● AI coaching clones: Coaches can literally train their own AI that texts with clients twice daily, providing 24/7 guidance without burning out the human coach ● HRV mastery: Real-time biofeedback through heart rate variability that predicts recovery, stress, and aerobic fitness - plus instant meditation feedback through breath control ● VO2 max breakthrough: Get accurate VO2 max readings through a week of one-minute daily finger scans on your phone camera - no more grueling treadmill testing ● Enterprise scaling: Working with big studio chains to create on-brand AI coaches that embody company values and training philosophy across all locations ● Coach empowerment: 11 years of development focused on making coaches better, not replacing them - Jason's trained 3,000+ coaches as an accredited instructor with NASM, NSCA, and ACSM ● Glucose revolution: Coming soon - blood glucose monitoring through camera technology ● Data integration: Connects with all major wearables to create holistic health pictures that actually guide meaningful action Jason's background as both a software engineer AND a coach gives him the rare ability to understand what coaches actually need versus what tech companies think they need. The result? Technology that amplifies human coaching instead of trying to replace it. This isn't about replacing the human connection - it's about giving your clients the guidance they're craving when you can't be there, while giving you back your sanity. Because being a coach means wearing every hat from therapist to cheerleader to sales rep, and burnout is inevitable without better tools. Catch you there, Lise PS: Join 2,000+ studio owners who've decided to take control of their studio business and build their freedom empire. Subscribe HERE and join the party! www.studiogrow.co www.linkedin.com/company/studio-growco/

Three Ireland has been identified as "Ireland's Best Network" by Opensignal, the leading global provider of independent insights into consumers' connectivity experiences. Opensignal analyses data collected from real users over a three month period, providing an authentic representation of everyday mobile network experiences. The "Ireland's Best Network" award recognises Three Ireland for delivering superior network performance across a wide range of metrics. Opensignal analyses key experiences such as upload and download speeds, video streaming quality, network availability, gaming experience, and voice app performance. As well as being titled "Ireland's Best Network", Three has also been named as "Ireland's Fastest Network", "Ireland's Fastest 5G Network", "Ireland's Most Reliable Network", and "Ireland's Best Quality Network", firmly establishing the organisation's position as a market leader. These independent findings demonstrate Three's commitment to ensuring the highest quality of service for its customers, wherever they are in the country. With connectivity and network speed requirements an ever-increasing demand from customers, this award showcases the true capabilities of the Three Ireland network and underscores its position at the forefront of the industry. Declan Gaffney, Director of Radio Access Networks (RAN) of Three Ireland, said: "At Three Ireland, we have invested significantly to provide future proof technology to our customers in an increasingly connected world. We understand what our market leading network needs to deliver, and we provide that day in and day out. This accolade, which independently confirms Three as the best network, is a significant achievement and I would like to thank my colleagues at Three whose dedication and commitment ensures we consistently deliver exceptional service for our customers." Shawn Heidel, President of the Network Experience Group at Opensignal, said "I would like to congratulate Three Ireland on being named 'Ireland's Best Network.' This award reflects Three's exceptional results for speed, reliability, quality, and availability, as measured by Opensignal's independent methodology." See more stories here.

PLUS: Canada's post-election challenges; a Filipino-Canadian writer reflects on the Lapu-Lapu festival tragedy; how tariffs threaten to upend the supply chain for puzzle-makers; librarians on the frontlines of the overdose crisis; prescribing museum and gallery visits to manage chronic pain and depression; and Riffed from the Headlines, our weekly musical news quiz.

Did you enjoy this episode? Share you aha moment with us!Let's finish this series strong and make the one decision that will catapult you towards a business that runs independently of you.Apply to work with me here and let's start designing a business that works FOR YOU.Link to Music Credits Track: Positive MotivationAuthor: AShamaluevMusic (ASM)Publisher: CD Baby (IPI 700570289)Connect With Ilonka On Social MediaInstagram | Facebook | YouTube

Rabbi Kalish

Under the shadows of Montecito's towering palm trees there are those that fight to maintain success and those that plot to gain power. A narcissistic opportunist invades the lives of longtime residents and entangles them in her web of deception, sex and conflict on her way to the top. Prepare for a reimagining of the audio soap opera. Independently produced and created by Emmy Nominated producer Grant Rutter, this is Montecito. Link: https://www.soapkast.com/montecito/ RSS Feed: https://www.spreaker.com/show/6584277/episodes/feed

Rabbi Kaufmann- Thinking Independently by Mayanot

Bitcoin is a currency.  Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency.  No amount of Michael Saylor's wishes will change that.FEATURING:Victoria Jones (https://x.com/Satoshis_Page)Thomas Hunt (https://twitter.com/MadBitcoins)THIS WEEK:$84,047 / $1 = 1,190 SAT - Bitcoinalhttps://bitcoinal.com/Bitcoin Price Drops 25% From All-Time High Set Only Six Weeks Ago - Bloomberghttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-02-28/bitcoin-down-25-from-all-time-high-as-crypto-selloff-deepensBitcoin Analysis: Potential BTC Demand Zone Around $75K as Price Slide Looks to be a Textbook 'Breakout and Retest' Playhttps://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/02/28/bitcoin-btc-price-sell-off-could-be-a-textbook-breakout-and-retest-playMusk and Trump's Fort Knox Trip Is About Bitcoinhttps://gizmodo.com/musk-and-trumps-fort-knox-trip-is-about-bitcoin-2000569420Whale Insider on X: "JUST IN: Bybit exploiter has laundered funds through PumpFun. The exploiter sent 60 $SOL to 9Gu8v6...aAdqWS, who then launched the token "QinShihuang" (500000), generating over $26 million in trading volume. https://t.co/AbWGhxHv1F" / Twitterhttps://x.com/whaleinsider/status/1893655043397546442?s=46Ben Zhou on X: "Join us on war against Lazarus - https://t.co/6DnaH1WTId Industry first bounty site that shows aggregated full transparency on the sanctioned Lazarus money laundering activities. V1 includes: - Becoming a bounty hunter by connecting your wallet and help tracing the fund, when" / Twitterhttps://x.com/benbybit/status/1894397098323579333?s=46Haseeb ＞|＜ on X: "Damn. Bybit just released their audit report—the compromise was not Bybit, but SAFE's servers. They hot swapped the Gnosis SAFE UI with JS code that ONLY targeted Bybit's cold wallet. Independently confirmed by WaybackMachine snapshots. Lazarus Group is on another level." / Twitterhttps://x.com/hosseeb/status/1894769440669204780?s=46Ben Zhou on X: "Bybit Hack Forensics Report As promised, here are the preliminary reports of the hack conducted by @sygnia_labs and @Verichains Screenshotted the conclusion and here is the link to the full report: https://t.co/3hcqkXLN5U https://t.co/tlZK2B3jIW" / Twitterhttps://x.com/benbybit/status/1894768736084885929?s=46Saylor Advises SEC: Bitcoin Not "Digital Currency"https://www.therage.co/saylor-sec-bitcoin/To fight crypto scams, Senate bill would limit spending at bitcoin ATMshttps://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/senate-crypto-atm-bitcoin-scam-rcna193495Steve Patterson on X: "The biggest banks in the world are very happy with Bitcoin as a "store of value" and not a medium of exchange. The hijacking of Bitcoin has given them enough time to launch their own stablecoins to compete in the digital cash market. Not only did Bitcoin not kill the banks--it" / Twitterhttps://x.com/steveinpursuit/status/1894773684633514300?s=46Stablecoins, Not Bitcoin, In Focus At First U.S. Digital Assets Subcommittee Hearinghttps://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/stablecoins-not-bitcoin-in-focus-at-first-u-s-digital-assets-subcommittee-hearingJudd Legum on X: "BREAKING The SEC has just halted its fraud prosecution of Justin Sun, a Chinese national who has put more than $50 million in Trump's pocket since November through the purchase of crypto tokens from a Trump-backed company, World Liberty Financial. https://t.co/KzPqC6Frht" / Twitterhttps://x.com/juddlegum/status/1895272963282477308?s=46________________________________________World Crypto Networkhttps://www.worldcryptonetwork.com/On This Day in World Crypto Network Historyhttps://www.worldcryptonetwork.com/onthisday/-----------------------------------------------------Please Subscribe to our Youtube Channelhttps://m.youtube.com/channel/UCR9gdpWisRwnk_k23GsHf

Has Roz learned how to send a voice note? Food obsessions. Who taught us how to live independently? Plus, is mocha going to design any new hats in the coming months?

If you've been feeling the pull to homeschooling and don't know where to start, or if you're surrounded by charter school pressures and feel like you've lost your academic (and moral) freedoms, don't miss this interview! In every state across America, parents have the freedom to educate your children independently--without a yoke to a woke government agenda. Angela Lasch is the director of CHEA, Christian Home Educators Association of California, where she leads a team of parent educators who know what its like to homeschool in our state and want to help YOU succeed! CHEA is the flagship organization for homeschool support in California, and it has been our family's go-to for almost 20 years! (If you live outside CA, tune in to see where you can go for Christian support in your state). Join me for today's interview to learn more about CHEA's upcoming conference, support networks, free resources, and 24/7 homeschool support, including a free hotline service you can call for encouragement, answers, or prayer support. Parents, homeschooling works. You can do this; we can help. Pastors, you can rescue your congregation from pagan indoctrination by becoming part of the solution. Go to AcademicRescueMission.com and learn how to open your church building during the week to support homeschooling families. Let's shift the culture of education for the next generation.  #homeschoolingworks #CHEAofCA #CVCU #ChulaVistaU #HomeschoolCalifornia #CHEAcon2025 #AcademicRescueMission #BeTheChange

In this episode of the Just Chill Parenting Podcast, Rosey dives into one of the most misunderstood topics in the sleep world - self-soothing vs. self-settling. What do these terms really mean, and why does it matter?Rosey busts some common sleep myths - like the idea that babies can “self-soothe” from a young age - and shares practical, gentle strategies to help your little one learn to settle to sleep without stress. If you've ever wondered how to encourage independent sleep while still being a responsive parent, this episode is for you!Tune in for actionable tips, reassurance, and a fresh perspective on baby sleep. Don't forget to subscribe and share with fellow parents who might need this!

We're experimenting and would love to hear from you!In this episode of 'Discover Daily', the IRS is making waves in government tech adoption with its upcoming acquisition of an Nvidia SuperPod AI supercomputer. This sophisticated system, featuring thirty-one servers with Blackwell processors, will be installed at their Martinsburg, West Virginia computing center. The system aims to revolutionize the agency's machine learning capabilities, particularly in fraud detection and taxpayer behavior analysis, marking a significant step forward in AI integration within government operations.In a recent study on AI energy consumption, ChatGPT's latest model GPT-4 has been found to use significantly less power than previously thought. Research by Epoch AI reveals that each query consumes approximately 0.3 watt-hours, ten times lower than earlier estimates. This efficiency improvement is attributed to advanced hardware implementation, system optimization, and more accurate calculation methods, though the cumulative energy impact remains substantial given millions of daily queries.Lastly, research published in Science has unveiled how birds and mammals have independently evolved complex brains through distinct pathways while achieving similar cognitive abilities. The study, led by Dr. Fernando García-Moreno, used advanced spatial transcriptomics and mathematical modeling to reveal fundamental differences in brain development between species. Despite using different genetic tools and developmental processes, both groups have achieved remarkable cognitive capabilities, challenging our traditional understanding of brain evolution and intelligence.From Perplexity's Discover Feed: https://www.perplexity.ai/page/irs-acquiring-nvidia-supercomp-bQ9BUXJuSLOUpHZdCJ.vEA https://www.perplexity.ai/page/chatgpt-energy-use-overestimat-cn02azRBR2._eM_sH2n_Pw https://www.perplexity.ai/page/complex-brains-evolved-indepen-uPS546tuRJaWwidjGvrNCQ**Introducing Perplexity Deep Research:**https://www.perplexity.ai/hub/blog/introducing-perplexity-deep-research Perplexity is the fastest and most powerful way to search the web. Perplexity crawls the web and curates the most relevant and up-to-date sources (from academic papers to Reddit threads) to create the perfect response to any question or topic you're interested in. Take the world's knowledge with you anywhere. Available on iOS and Android Join our growing Discord community for the latest updates and exclusive content. Follow us on: Instagram Threads X (Twitter) YouTube Linkedin

Marcela shows how to help kids fix their fights without mom or dad rushing in.She shares easy ways to teach them talking, sharing, and finding a fair plan together.Join Our Free Class: Do you want to handle big conflicts calmly and help your children stay kind and confident? In our Free Class, you will learn: ✅ Overcome Angry Reactions: Stay cool when your kids fight.✅ Communicate Assertively: Guide them to listen, even with a “no.”✅ Raise Emotionally Healthy Children: Teach them to handle real life with bravery and respect. Click here to sign up

This week on Time Signatures with Jim Ervin, Erv welcomes Detroit native Blues Rocker, Eliza Neals for a chat about her earliest memories of music growing up, hanging out 5-6 nights a week at Detroit Blues venues such as Baker's Keyboard Lounge, Bert's and others, and her music relationship with the legendary Barrett Strong. Eliza also talked about her new album, ‘Colorcrimes' and what comes next. You won't want to miss this episode, so tune in and share!Website: https://www.elizaneals.com/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/elizanealsSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/48XgWMevIvFi72xQFN2qqbYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@elizaneals _________________________Facebook: Time SignaturesYouTube: Time SignaturesFacebook: Capital Area Blues SocietyWebsite: Capital Area Blues SocietyFriends of Time Signatures _______Website: University of Mississippi Libraries Blues ArchiveWebsite: Killer Blues Headstone ProjectWebsite: Blues Society Radio NetworkWebsite: Keeping the Blues Alive Foundation

BUFFALO, NY- January 22, 2025 – A new #research paper was #published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) on December 12, 2024, Volume 16, Issue 22, titled “Arginase-II gene deficiency reduces skeletal muscle aging in mice.” Researchers Matteo Caretti, Duilio Michele Potenza, Guillaume Ajalbert, Urs Albrecht, Xiu-Fen Ming, Andrea Brenna, and Zhihong Yang from the University of Fribourg found that removing a specific gene, called arginase-II (Arg-II), can slow down muscle aging in mice. Their research showed that older mice lacking this gene stayed more active and had healthier skeletal muscles compared to normal aging mice. This discovery could lead to new treatments to help people maintain muscle strength and mobility as they become older. As people age, their muscles naturally get weaker, leading to reduced physical activity and overall quality of life. This condition, known as sarcopenia, occurs because of muscle fiber loss, inflammation, and scar tissue buildup. The study found that the Arg-II gene contributes to this process. The research team compared normal mice with mice lacking the Arg-II gene and discovered that in general, the mice without the gene had improved muscle health, reduced inflammation, and fewer signs of age-related muscle decline. It was also found that older male mice deficient in the Arg-II gene were more active, particularly during their peak nighttime activity. These mice had stronger muscles and performed better in physical tests. Interestingly, the benefits of Arg-II gene removal were more pronounced in male mice compared to females, suggesting that hormonal or genetic differences might play a role in age-related muscle loss. “The improved phenotype of arg-ii-/- mice in aging is associated with reduced sarcopenia, cellular senescence, inflammation, and fibrosis, whereas age-associated decline of microvascular endothelial cell density, satellite cell numbers, and muscle fiber types in skeletal muscle is prevented in arg-ii-/- mice.” ARG-II protein was not found in muscle fibers but instead in surrounding cells such as fibroblasts and blood vessel cells, which makes scientists believe this gene influences muscle aging indirectly. Independently of that, the findings suggest that targeting the Arg-II gene could help slow down age-related muscle deterioration and improve muscle function in older adults. "[...] we demonstrate an increased arg-ii gene expression level in aging skeletal muscle and found Arg-II protein expression in endothelial cells and fibroblasts, but not in skeletal muscle fibers, macrophages, and satellite cells."​ While these results are promising, further research is needed to determine whether blocking the Arg-II gene in humans could provide similar benefits. Furthermore, understanding why male and female mice responded differently to the gene removal will be essential before personalized treatments for age-related muscle loss. If future studies confirm these findings in humans, targeting Arg-II could become a valuable strategy to help adults maintain muscle strength, mobility, and overall quality of life as they age. DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.206173 Corresponding authors - Andrea Brenna - andrea.brenna@unifr.ch, and Zhihong Yang - zhihong.yang@unifr.ch Video short - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDxSCO2Y7-w About Aging-US The mission of the journal is to understand the mechanisms surrounding aging and age-related diseases, including cancer as the main cause of death in the modern aged population. The journal aims to promote 1) treatment of age-related diseases by slowing down aging, 2) validation of anti-aging drugs by treating age-related diseases, and 3) prevention of cancer by inhibiting aging. (Cancer and COVID-19 are age-related diseases.) Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​. MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

#316: Financial stability and independence is empowering, especially for women. It's not about not wanting to rely or depend on others, but rather, creating a beautiful life for yourself, on your own terms.Stability in anything, comes from a deep understanding of what makes it unstable. In financial health, that is knowing how to actually spend wisely, how much to actually save in cash, and where to put the rest of your money.On this episode, Emily Elizabeth dives into...Being savvy with credit cards and preventing debt accumulationHow much to aim for saving in a high-yield savings accountInvesting long-term beyond your typical 401(k) and how to compound the value of your money 5-10+ years from nowWhy it's easier to learn all of this now (in your 20s and 30s), versus waiting well into your 40s and 50sAlternatives of relying on someone else financially and the potential risks that come with this if you think super long-term, 5+ years down the lineReceive weekly personal insights from Emily's email newsletter and subscribe hereWatch Full Episodes on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@whatfulfillsyou/videosBILT Credit Card Info (Pay Rent and Earn Points):https://bilt.page/r/HQ06-ZV7OENJOY 10% OFF THE WHAT FULFILLS YOU? CARD GAME AT www.whatfulfillsyou.com - code "WHATFULFILLSYOU10"Follow the What Fulfills You? Podcast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/whatfulfillsyouFollow Emily Elizabeth's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/emilyeduong/Read more on the blog: https://emilyelizabeth.blog/Read lessSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/what-fulfills-you-podcast/exclusive-contentAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

#yeezy #adidas #kanyewest Youtube link: https://youtu.be/H2H2O6y99NM Podcast link: https://spotifycreators-web.app.link/e/NVaQoabm5Pb Join us as we have a conversation about how our brother #Yeezy made over $100 million dollars in six months on his own website www.yeezy.com. The smallhats tried to stop him...yet our brother has risen! Hashtags: #kanye #kanyewest #yeezy #ye #hiphop #rap #drake #donda #jordan #adidas #music #yeezyboost #kimkardashian #travisscott #nike #hypebeast #sneakers #yeezus #kanyeweststyle #sneakerhead #kanyememes #explorepage #supreme #memes #fashion #v #yeezyseason #jayz #streetwear #kanyeloveskanye

On today’s episode we’re covering all the latest Korean beauty news headlines - Korea’s domestic cosmetics market reaching new heights, the top trends at Cosmoprof Asia, the small dose cosmetics trend and how social media created the beauty industry’s newest dialect. Plus, Lauren answers a listener’s question about beauty standards, and shares her recommendation for Korean makeup cushions to try, plus a selection of K-Beauty products for babies and kids. CONNECT WITH ME Book a Consultation Watch the Show on YouTube Follow me on Threads My Instagram Shop Kbeauty Shop Jelly Ko Follow us on TikTok Stay up to date with the latest K-Beauty Find Your Perfect K-Beauty Product Quiz News Headlines: Korea’s Domestic Cosmetics Market Reaches New Heights Top Trends at Cosmoprof Asia Small Dose Cosmetics How Social Media Created Beauty’s New Dialect Question of the Week: Can beauty products exist independently of beauty standards, and how do you see this dynamic playing out differently between Korean and Western beauty markets? K-Beauty Products to Try Products Mentioned: Age20s Essence Cover Pact Crystal Shining Drop Edition Age20s Signature Essence Cover Pact Intense RECOMMENDATION OF THE WEEK: Atopalm for babies & kids Atopalm Tok Tok Facial Sun Pact Atopalm Outdoor Sun Stick Atopalm Top to Toe Wash Atopalm Gentle Baby Wash Pregnancy Stretch Mark Cream & Massage Oil Cream Massage Oil All products recommended on the Korean Beauty Show podcast are personally selected by us. Some of our Show Notes include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links we may earn an affiliate commission. This helps offset the costs associated with producing the podcast. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join me for My Chat with Derek Mather in The Laddie Snug at Artisan. On a recent pilgrimage to the magical whisky island of Islay, off the coast of Scotland with a couple of good buddies, we made an overnight detour to the small town of Wishaw, midway between Edinburgh and Glasgow, to the famous Artisan restaurant. Head chef, owner, curator and co-founder of the Friends of Bruichladdich FaceBook group, Derek Mather, founded this whisky mecca 16 yrs ago..... and the grub ain't half bad either..... Derek and his wife Fiona have amassed 1000's of bottles of Independently bottled Scotch whisky, all open and for sale by the dram at their Artisan Restaurant. Derek doesn't believe in full bottles and prices each dram with a marginal mark-up, so that whisky lovers can visit and afford to drink some of the most fantastic whisky bottles they will ever have the pleasure of sampling. We sat in his Laddie Snug and had a great chat about what he's been up to. It was an absolute pleasure. This episode of the podcast is sponsored by: www.boanndistillery.ie www.killowendistillery.com  Don't forget to sign up to my Patreon channel for early access episodes and more, for a few euros a month and help me deliver the best podcasts to you. https://www.patreon.com/whiskeychatspodcast I really hope you listening in to our chat. Laurie

John Maytham speaks to Tshidi Madia, senior reporter at EWN on the SACP’s decision to contest elections independently in 2026 – and what the possible implications are.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Improving technology-enabled home care for older people to help Ireland reduce the annual €500 million impact on the economy from people falling - especially those over 65 - is one of the goals of a new interdisciplinary research programme at Lero, the University of Limerick-based Research Centre for Software. A two-year €140,000 research programme focussing on technology-enabled care (TEC) in home environments is being part-funded by Shannon-headquartered Ei Electronics, one of Ireland's leading indigenous electronics manufacturing and exporting companies, employing 1,250 worldwide. Lero researcher Associate Professor Katie Crowley said that while technology-enabled care (TEC) in home environments currently has support items such as motion sensors and panic buttons, the innovative development and use of technology can help people function safely and remain at home longer. Dr Crowley, who is also attached to The Ageing Research Centre (ARC) at the University of Limerick (UL), added: "One example of this is in relation to falls. The National Health Service in the UK report that approximately 1 in 3 adults over 65 years and half of people over 80 will have at least one fall a year. "In Ireland, the economic impact of falls is €500 million annually, according to data from the Health Service Executive. For the elderly, having a fear of falling significantly increases the chance of having a fall, and emerging evidence suggests that having monitoring technology reduces this fear, leading to improved mobility for the older person," added Dr Crowley, who lectures in the Department of Computer Science and Information Systems at UL. Lero lead researcher Prof. Ita Richardson believes a growing need exists to modify and integrate occupational home practice with innovative technology and software, changing homecare significantly for older people who often have cognitive, physical, caregiving and healthcare needs. "Initially, we need to understand how older people's lives and the lives of their formal and informal carers could change through TEC," said Prof. Richardson, who also shares her expertise with ARC. The Lero team also includes Dr Ann-Marie Morrissey, who brings occupational therapy expertise to the project. Ei Electronics head of research and development Mike Keegan said they are delighted to work with Lero, whose work in connected health, driverless vehicles, smart communities, and other areas is world-leading. "At Ei Electronics, we are all about deploying dependable technologies to improve people's living environment today and into the future. Where lives are at risk, especially among older adults living independently, nothing can be left to chance, and we hope this programme can make life less stressful for those living by themselves and those supporting that independence," he added.

In this episode you will:  Learn about how the Aphasia-Friendly Reading Approach was developed. Hear about the importance of actively engaging care partners in therapy through this storytelling approach. Learn the importance of celebrating stories and how to host your own version of a Waffle Night.   Katie Strong: Welcome to the Aphasia Access Aphasia Conversations Podcast. I'm Katie Strong, a  member of the Aphasia Access Podcast Working Group. I'm also a faculty member at Central Michigan University where I lead the Strong Story Lab. Aphasia Access strives to provide members with information, inspiration, and ideas that support their aphasia care through a variety of educational materials and resources. I'm today's host for an episode that will feature Harold Regier and Dr. Erin O'Bryan. We'll be talking about the Aphasia-Friendly Reading Approach that Harold developed for his wife, Rosella, who had aphasia and how Dr. O'Bryan took this approach into the lab to refine it for clinicians to use in sessions. Before we dive into the conversation, let me share a few details about our guests. First a bit about Harold. Harold R. Regier, B.S. Ed., BDiv. Theol., is a retired minister with a career path in programs addressing social justice issues. In retirement, his spouse, Rosella, had a stroke resulting in aphasia. His passion shifted to becoming an aphasia care partner focused on helping to recover language and communication skills. He is the author of “A Decade of Aphasia Therapy,” subtitled “Aphasia-Friendly Reading: A Technique for Oral Communication,” published in 2021.  Our second guest is Dr. Erin O'Bryan. Erin is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Wichita State University, in Wichita, Kansas. Her major research, teaching, and clinical interests focus on helping people with aphasia communicate through scripts, stories, and phrases and teaching students and care partners how to support communication. Dr. O'Bryan directs the Wichita Adult Language Lab whose current projects focus on supported storytelling and Melodic Intonation Therapy. Welcome Harold and Erin. I'm looking forward to our conversation today. Erin O'Bryan: Thank you, Katie! I've been listening to Aphasia Access Podcasts for years, and so many of my heroes have been interviewed in this series. It is really an honor that you invited Harold and I to be on the podcast today! Katie Strong: I am so excited for our listeners to hear about how the Aphasia-Friendly Reading Approach was developed and expanded. This work is near and dear to my heart – particularly in this unique way of developing and telling stories. I feel compelled to disclose to our listeners that I am grateful to have been involved in this work as it was refined for clinical environments. So, I am going to come right out and say, this is my bias. Harold, I'm a big fan of yours and the Aphasia Friendly Reading Approach and of you Erin for how you brought this approach into the lab and studied it so that clinicians can use this approach. So, now let's get started! Harold, can you share a bit with us about how the Aphasia-Friendly Reading Approach came to be? Harold Reiger: Sure. Thank you so much, Dr. Strong, for the privilege of being here to share just a bit of our story. You know, Rosella and I would have celebrated our 65th wedding anniversary if she had stayed with us just a few weeks longer. We had a very long and very happy marriage. She used to kid me, “We've been together so long we know what the other person will say before he or she says it.” Well, actually, aphasia kind of shattered that theory. But maybe there was a little bit of that was true. Well, anyway, Rosella was a retired public-school teacher with part of her career also involving children's curriculum development. She led many workshops, was a storyteller, and was a frequent guest speaker. Communication and broad coalitions were a strong suit for her. So, aphasia, loss of language was a huge loss for her. Perhaps that sets the stage for working so hard to restore some major storytelling. But I'm sure this is the same kind of feeling that every person who is a care partner with the person with aphasia has. How did we discover a technique for storytelling through oral reading? Really, I think I just stumbled into it. The cues came from Rosella. She could say many words. She had a strong voice, but she did not put words together in a way that made it possible for a listener to understand what she meant to communicate. So, I was highly motivated, wishing there was a way to help her tell her stories. Looking back, I now can see three of what I call ‘indicators' that led me to the technique that I eventually called Aphasia-Friendly Reading. They were painting, reading, and church liturgy. So let me explain. Indicator number one, completely on her own, Rosella began to paint. Just shy of two years after her stroke, Rosella began to paint. She painted for four years. She painted 250 paintings. The choice of her subjects were all hers. Objects, scenery, flowers, roadside sightings, trips and vacations, past memories. And yes, stories, family stories, stories that she didn't have words to tell, but she could tell them with a brush. She gave every picture a title or caption, signed it, and dated it. And somehow she found those one, two, or three words to intelligibly, that is accurately, identify the picture that she had just painted. But after four years of painting those pictures, she put her paintbrush down, never to pick it up again. And yet I kept remembering that she was able to identify pictures accurately using those few words to explain what it was that she was telling with her pictures. But then indicator number two came, reading periodicals and books. She underlined periodicals with many circles, much underlining. For a long time, Rosella delved through as many as 40 or 50 books per month. She turned every page, but did she understand what she was reading? Frankly, I often wondered and doubted it. One day, Rosella was reading orally beside me, and I pressed my iPhone video button. Listen to just a few seconds of that reading. And while you listen, think of two questions. Could you understand what she was reading? What was the story that she was trying to tell? And secondly, do you think that Rosella was understanding what she was reading? So listen to that clip. Excerpt of Rosella reading from a book. You heard Rosella reading the story of she and her sister, Anna Grace, requesting radio station KNEX out of McPherson, Kansas to surprise their mother by playing it for her birthday. It was a song that the girls knew that their mother loved. And you heard her read those words, “I love those dear hearts and gentle people.” And then as she continued reading the lyrics of that song, she exclaimed, “Oh, Harold”, which was her way of saying how excited she was to recall that particular story. Now, that explanation, of course, was not in the book. Then there was a third indicator that I recognized, and that was liturgical reading. One day in church we were reading a call to worship displayed on the screen. We were reading responsibly with the leader reading the first line and the congregation reading the second line. I glanced to my side and was surprised to see Rosella reading with the congregation. Maybe it was only the first three or four words of the line, but she read these words accurately. A light went on in my mind. Might this be a hint of how to help Rosella participate in oral reading? Short sentences read with a co-reader who read every other line and written in an easy to follow format? And so I adapted various psalms into very short lines formatted for us to read responsively. I read the first line, she read the second. The result was amazing success. Let me just illustrate by us reading just a very short psalm for you. This is Psalm 150 that Rosella and I will read together. H: Praise the Lord! R: Praise God in his sanctuary. H: Praise God in his mighty firmament. R: Praise Him for his mighty deeds. H: Praise the Lord for his greatness. R: Praise him with the trumpet. H: Praise him with the lute and harp. R: Praise him with the dance. My thought then was, could we try to write other stories and read them in what I began to call Aphasia-Friendly Reading format and style? And so, I began in earnest to try to write other stories. Short sentences, familiar words, larger font. Each line considered a sentence, even if it was only one word. Label the first line H for Harold and the second indented line R for Rosella. As I started reading and continued to read every other line, this could set the tone, the rhythm, and the pattern for saying every word clearly. I thought it was time to try. And then I began to wonder, is there a setting that we could read stories to others? Could we create an audience in some way? When COVID hit, of course, I could not see Rosella in person anymore, for an entire year we were separated. And the only contact we had was FaceTime telephone calls. And those were really a disaster because we found it very difficult to communicate with each other when Roselle was not able to understand me and I wasn't able to understand her, except when we read Aphasia-Friendly stories. And so, I wrote many stories during that year. And we read those stories then as our connection during our FaceTime calls. And somehow we were able to survive COVID. But it was after COVID then that we were able to again get back together occasionally. And I would bring her back to my apartment. And there I would invite friends, usually a couple or two individuals to come over and I would serve waffles. I'm not a kitchen person, but I could make waffles. So, we'd have a simple meal, a simple supper that we could visit with each other and talk about anything that we would like. And Rosella almost always simply said, “I remember exactly”. Because as others told stories that she was familiar with, she could comment that way. Otherwise, her conversation skills were not there. So that was our first hour that we would spend together simply informally visiting with each other. And the second hour that we spent together, we would go to what I would call “my theater,” our living room with a 50-inch television. And there we could read Aphasia-Friendly stories. I would stream the story to the television set. I would have them formatted so that there would be an H for Harold, an R for Rosella, and we would read the story so that the folks who were listening and watching could see the story as well as hear the story. And if we made any mistakes, they could make the corrections in their own mind. There was a way that she was able to, again, participate. It's worth telling. But there was one waffle evening when she turned to me, and said, “China”. I knew she had a story in mind, but her look said, “you tell it. I can't do it.” And so, I did. It was a story about a cracked tea cup And so I decided certainly next Waffle Night we need to let her help tell that story of the cracked tea cup. Here is that story. Cracked Tea Cup. H: This is as story of a cracked tea cup. R: Harold and I were youth sponsors. H: Rose was one of the youth. R: Winifred was her mother. H: She invited me to her home. R: “Thank you,” she said. H: “Thank you for being Rose's sponsor.” R: We visited. H: Before leaving, she said R: “Let me pray for you.” H: It was a pray of blessing… R: …for our work in Mississippi. H: Then she added, R: “Wait!” H: “I have something for you.” R: She got a tea cup. H: Erland brought it to me from China. R: It's cracked. H: Put it in your china cupboard. R: You'll never use it. H: “But you'll remember be when you see it.” R: Sixty years are gone. H: This tea cup is still in my china cupboard. R: And I remember Winifred. H: It reminds me R: Of the grace, H: Of the affirmation, R: Of blessing, H: Of the seminary president's wife.   And so those Waffle Nights became the favorite parts of our week when we could spend time with friends and Rosella could be part of the conversation by reading stories together with me. Katie Strong: So beautiful! This is really just a fabulous way of having such a natural thing, a shared meal, a celebration to share stories. And it sounds like everybody enjoyed Waffle Nights. So, thank you for sharing, Harold. Erin, I was wondering if come into the conversation a bit more and tell us how you got involved with Harold and the Aphasia-Friendly Reading Approach? Erin O'Bryan: Thank you, Katie. Even though I've heard Harold's story so many times, I still get teary every time I hear him talk about their year of not being able to see each other during COVID and the Waffle Nights that were just so wonderful. So, I met Harold in 2019 when I first became an Assistant Professor after 10 years of working as an SLP in healthcare. And Wichita State already had a weekly aphasia group, and I couldn't wait to meet the members. So, I went to aphasia group and there I met all of the care partners in the observation room and Harold showed me a video of him and Rosella reading a story together. I had been watching Rosella in the aphasia group and I'd seen that most of her utterances were short one- to two-word phrases and that much of her communication was nonverbal. But then in the video, she was reading full sentences aloud, taking turns with Harold. And what really struck me was that she was so motivated and happy to read the story. I was so impressed. Harold asked me, “Do you think that other people with aphasia could benefit from doing this?” So many thoughts were running through my mind as we were having this conversation. Earlier in 2019, I had visited Audrey Holland, who was one of my mentors when I was in grad school at University of Arizona. And we'd actually set up this meeting through an online Scrabble chat. She invited me to her home. Katie Strong: How very ‘Audrey'. Erin O'Bryan: Yes, it was lovely. And I got to visit her with all her kitty cats. So, I asked her advice because I was applying for an Assistant Professor position after 10 years of working in health care. And I remember that she was so excited about her speechpathology.com video series and the related book that she was working on with Roberta Elman that she liked to call the Social Imperative of the LPAA, which I believe is the subtitle of that book. And Katie, I think you were a part of both the video series and the book. Katie Strong: I was, yes. Erin O'Bryan:  Well, Audrey just loved that. She was so excited about that, and she told me to learn everything I could about the LPAA. And she said, “I must join Aphasia Access.” She said, “that's where all the important work is happening.” So that year I listened to loads of Aphasia Access podcasts, and I got very familiar with the Chapey and Colleagues LPAA Values chapter. So then as I'm sitting there talking to Harold, I'm thinking about the LPAA value, everyone affected by aphasia is entitled to service. So, I mean, who is affected more than a spouse? So definitely I was thinking about having the care partner being involved seemed like a wonderful thing. And I was also thinking that Harold and Rosella's approach shared so many similarities with Script Training, which I have loved and have been using in healthcare care since grad school. And there also are similarities with ORLA and Multiple Oral Rereading. And all of these are evidence-based treatment approaches. So, I felt pretty confident that Aphasia-Friendly Reading could be a very valuable intervention. So, I said to Harold, “I'd like to try using your approach with other people with aphasia and their care partners in our clinic”. And Harold was happy for us to try it. Katie Strong: I love that. I love that. And just for our listeners, we'll put some links and references in the show notes for some of the approaches like ORLA and Script Training that Erin has mentioned in addition to Harold's book and some other some other resources too. Erin O'Bryan: Yes, thank you, Katie. Those are all wonderful resources for people to be looking at. So, my grad students and I started a pilot study with a woman with aphasia and her husband. And they were actually friends of Harold and Rosella's from their aphasia group. We use the pseudonyms Cora and Dave when we describe them in our papers. It became clear that we needed to make a few adaptations to Harold's approach for use in the clinic. For one thing, I wanted the person with aphasia to have the largest role in selecting the story topic and deciding what she wanted to say. For our first session, we asked Cora and Dave to bring ideas for a story that Cora wanted to tell. And we also suggested they consider bringing some related photos. In our first session, Cora, Dave, my grad student, Addison, and I all sat around the table and together we brainstormed about the story. Cora wanted it to be about a Caribbean cruise that she and Dave had gone on. She brought photos from that trip. Dave helped with supplying names and information about places that Cora wanted to talk about. Places from their shore excursions, such as having their picture taken with a donkey in St. Thomas and visiting the Bomba Shack on the island of Tortola. We got Cora's feedback on every line that was proposed, fine-tuning the story until Cora liked every line. And we also adjusted some of the lines to make them easier for her to say. So once Cora and Dave were happy with the story, we helped them practice during our sessions, one hour per week with my grad student, Addison and I at the clinic. And we gave a printout of the story and a practice log to record notes about their home practice. In this first pilot project, Cora and Dave practiced their story for eight sessions until Cora said she was ready to plan their story sharing celebration. Then they shared their story with their friends in aphasia group. And the clinicians and the other people with aphasia in the room were just amazed. And other people in the aphasia group said, “I want to do that!” So, after two people with aphasia and their care partners did Aphasia-Friendly Reading projects, I wrote a manuscript reporting the pilot results. And Katie, I had seen online that you were an editor of Perspectives at the time. So, I emailed you my manuscript and asked if it was appropriate for Perspectives. And you emailed me back and said, “let's meet online and talk about it.” I was so delighted that you were interested in my project. You suggested that I consider exploring the value of the intervention by interviewing the participants. And I didn't know anything about qualitative research. But, Katie, you helped me write great interview questions for the care partners. And you helped me learn thematic analysis so we could find the themes in the care partner's quotes. And so, after learning from you, I have come to love the thematic analysis process. I really think it leads to deep listening. What we learned from the interviews is that the care partners felt empowered by being included in the intervention and the care partners really valued the collaborative nature of the storytelling project and especially that the intervention was so different than the previous therapy experiences that they had had because it was person-centered, it was fun, and they got to share their story with other people in their lives. So, then the three of us, Harold, Katie, and I wrote our first article about Aphasia-Friendly Reading and it's published in Aphasiology and the title is, “I wasn't just sitting there”: Empowering care partners through the Aphasia-Friendly Reading Approach. And then in 2023, the three of us went to Boston and presented it at ASHA. Katie Strong: Thanks for sharing that, Erin. You know, I think the experience of the care partners saying that therapy was fun important to note. And Harold has mentioned that Rosella thought it was fun, and the other participants thought it was fun. And I guess I just want to bring home that hard work can, can still be fun or therapy can be fun. And especially when it comes from the person with aphasia and their care partners. The topics are generated by the client and care partner. They're sharing things that are really important to them that have happened in their past. I love it. Erin O'Bryan: And one of the care partners even said that they learned better when it was fun. Katie Strong: I love it. Fantastic. Erin, I was wondering if you could share some tips for clinicians who might be listening that are thinking about how they might be able to incorporate this Aphasia-Friendly Reading Approach into their practice. Erin O'Bryan: Thank you for asking, Katie. So, in the past year, you and I have been talking about how we want to make it as easy as possible for clinicians to use our storytelling approaches in regular clinical settings, outside of research. And we really want clinicians to realize that it takes almost no time to prep for a person-centered storytelling session. You just have to go into the session ready to actively listen to what the person with aphasia wants to say. I love the acronym PULSE that you and Barbara Shadden wrote about in your paper, The Power of Story and Identity Renegotiation. And then in our paper, we reviewed PULSE again. So just for our listeners, I'm going to go through it real quickly because I think these are great things for clinicians to keep in mind. The P in pulse is for partnerships, partnering with the person with aphasia. And in the case of Aphasia-Friendly Reading, the clinician partnering with the care partner also. The U in pulse is for uniqueness. So, the clinician should be prepared to help the person with aphasia tell their unique story. The L is for listening. The clinician needs to learn how to really listen. And S is for supporting the person with aphasia in telling their stories. For example, using communication ramps in Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia strategies to support communication. And then finally, the E impulse is for explore. So as a clinician, be ready to go off-road with your client to explore the story that they want to share. And as a clinician, know that it's okay, even it's great for you to do that. Katie Strong: I love that. I love that. Erin, I guess that leads us into sharing that we do have a paper that came out in 2024 called Person Centered Stories on the Main Stage in Intervention, which highlights examples from three different story projects, including Aphasia-Friendly Reading. So, we'll link that to the show notes as well. Erin O'Bryan: Yes, and this year at ASHA 2024, Katie, you and I are going to be also giving a talk about this work called Elevating Person-Centered Stories to the Main Stage in Aphasia Intervention. And we are looking forward to presenting this work hopefully to an audience of clinicians. Katie Strong: Yes, yes, we hope to see folks in Seattle for sure. Well, I want to bring back both Harold and Erin into this conversation. And I think one of the things that I've recognized through this collaboration that you and Harold and Rosella and later on I got to be a part of is that we really are all better together. And I was hoping each of you could take a moment to share how this work has changed your thinking or maybe some ideas about sharing with others about what you've learned from this collaboration. Harold Regier: Well, for me, one of the things that I think I really learned from this is that we care partners need the therapist and the therapist needs us care partners. And there are more ways in which we can work together than perhaps sometimes we have done it when we have just been sitting there. And so, I really, I'm so pleased to be able to feel that that we care partners are more involved or can be more involved in the whole therapy process than what so often we have been. But I think that one of the things that the therapist needs to help us understand is when is it appropriate for us to be part of the process and when it is not appropriate for us to be part of the part process. It's not a matter of us being there all the time and sometimes being in the way. So, I think that kind of very frank candid conversation with us would help us understand that. And I certainly understood better that that the role of the care partner in terms of helping the person with aphasia be able to communicate better is very different from the role of the therapist. I never tried to be the person who was the teacher, trying to let Rosella know how she should do better and how we might be able to improve our reading. We just did it and it came out the way it came out. But then when I see how Erin was working with other clients and the persons with aphasia and the family members together identified the stories that they were interested in putting together, and the therapist helped put that together into words that they then could repeat or share together and in a storyline, that that is the place where I think we can be so much more collaborative with the therapist in a process like that. So I just always was telling myself, “Don't be a therapist. Don't be a teacher. Don't try to say, well, you can do better than that. Just simply do what is natural.” And then I wish that the therapist would take the other role and really work hard to help the person with aphasia do better with their reading and their performance. We didn't do our reading for production. We did it for fun, as you were saying earlier. And then we did it because we wanted to share that fun and that experience with others. And that was so very, very satisfying for us. Those are some of the thoughts that have come to me in terms of the relationship between therapist and care partner. Katie Strong: Thanks Harold. Yeah, Erin, any thoughts? Erin O'Bryan: I've learned so much from this collaboration. From Harold, I learned what a difference it makes when a care partner puts so much time and thought into supporting their partner with aphasia's communication and her quality of life. Also I've seen how much Harold has done and I hope that me you know as a busy professor stopping and taking the time to tell him that I saw so much value in what he was doing at home with Rosella reading those videos together. I hope that this helped him realize that it was valuable to share. And I'm thrilled to say that Harold has been going around the state of Kansas giving talks about aphasia at colleges and senior living facilities. He's doing so much and I love to see that. And from collaborating with you, Katie, I've learned the importance of making the story sharing a really beautiful celebration honoring the person with aphasia and you know bringing special things like favorite food treats, beverages, flowers, and especially inviting the people that are important to the person with aphasia. We've now had five or six story sharing celebrations. It seems like everyone is more beautiful than the last. I've learned so much about that. And I've also learned that qualitative research helps me capture the meaningfulness of these projects and the meaningfulness as we're working with people with aphasia and that this research can be so fun and rewarding. Katie Strong: I love that. I love that. As I was listening to you, Erin, respond to Harold, it just sounds like together we can validate one another. The work that you're doing, you were doing with Rosella, Harold is very validating and then Erin bringing it into the lab to test it out and it's all beautiful. It's, it really is. And I guess as I reflect on this thought about what I've learned is to reiterate, Erin, something you said, that listening to family members or care partners and the ideas that they have to engage their loved ones in communication activities are so powerful and taking that time even if you are busy to listen and think and validate and see how that connects to the existing evidence-based literature. I think is really powerful. But I also think that there's this collaboration and the combination of care partners and clinicians and researchers. And of course, the person with aphasia at the center of all of that, making a powerful team to develop innovative methods of storytelling is really one of my big takeaways from all of this. Erin O'Bryan: Yes, that's wonderful. Harold Regier: I would like to give kudos to the therapists who worked with Rosella over the many, many years. Ten years of aphasia therapy, four of which were one-on-one, six of which were part of a support therapy group. Those therapists were such relational people, such encouraging people, and also knew the techniques that work in therapy. So, I wanted to say that those years were very, very meaningful, very, very helpful, and helped us with the day-to-day kind of living with hope, with the expectations that things can continue to get better. Katie Strong: Thank you, Harold. Yeah. Erin, any other thoughts as we wrap this up today? Erin O'Bryan: Well, I just wanted to say that I would never recommend that all intervention involve the care partner because I understand that it's good for the person with aphasia to get one-on-one time with the clinician. But don't forget that that care partner is often with the person with aphasia almost 24/7 and we may only see them one or two hours a week. So, it's so important that we do more to really educate the care partner about how to acknowledge the competence of the person with aphasia and really how to support their communication. So that's why I really want us to do more with in involving the care partner and in intervention. So, I'll get off my soapbox. Thank you, Katie, for letting us share about this project that I love. Katie Strong: I'm so delighted that we could have this time together today. Harold, thank you for your generosity and sharing your ideas and Rosella's stories with us and this beautiful work of Aphasia-Friendly Reading and Erin for your work in the lab and bringing it to the clinic. On behalf of Aphasia Access, thank you for listening. For references and resources mentioned in today's show, please see our show notes. They're available on our website, www.aphasiaaccess.org. There you can also become a member of our organization, browse our growing library of materials, and find out about the Aphasia Access Academy. If you have an idea for a future podcast episode, email us at info@aphasiaaccess.org. For Aphasia Access Conversations, I'm Katie Strong. Thanks again for your ongoing support of Aphasia Access. Contact information for Guests – Harold Regier hrregier@cox.net  Erin O'Bryan, PhD., CCC-SLP erin.obryan@wichita.edu  Resources Aphasia Institute's Introduction to Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia (SCA™) eLearning. https://www.aphasia.ca/health-care-providers/education-training/online-options/ Chapey, R., Duchan, J. F., Elman, R. J., Garcia, L. J., Kagan, A., Lyon, J. G., & Simmons-Mackie, N. (2000).Life Participation Approach to Aphasia: A statement of values for the future. The ASHA Leader, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR.05032000.4 Cherney, L. R. (2010). Oral reading for language in aphasia: Impact of aphasia severity oncross-modal outcomes in chronic nonfluent aphasia. Seminars in Speech and Language, 31, 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1244952 Cherney, L. Babbitt, E., Oldani, J., & Semik, P. (2005). Efficacy of repeated choral reading for individuals with chronic nonfluent aphasia. [Clinical Aphasiology Paper]  http://aphasiology.pitt.edu/1548/  Kaye, R., & Cherney, L. R. (2016). Script templates: A practical approach to script training in aphasia. Topics in Language Disorders, 36(2), 136–153. https://doi.org/10.1097/2FTLD.0000000000000086 O'Bryan, E. L., Regier, H. R., & Strong, K. A. (2023). “I wasn't just sitting there”: Empowering care partners through the Aphasia-Friendly Reading approach. Aphasiology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687038.2023.2272956 O'Bryan, E. L., & Strong, K. A. (2024). Person-centered stories on the main stage in intervention: Case examples from the My Story Project, Aphasia! This Is Our World, and Aphasia-Friendly Reading. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2024_PERSP-23-00272 Regier, H. (2021). A Decade of Aphasia Therapy: Aphasia-Friendly Reading: A Technique for Oral Communication. Independently published Available on Amazon Strong, K. A. & Shadden, B. B. (2020). Stories at the Heart of Life Participation: Both the Telling and Listening Matter. Chapter 5. In A. L. Holland & R. J. Elman (Eds.) Neurogenic communication disorders and the Life Participation Approach: The social imperative in supporting individuals and families (pp. 105-130) Plural Publishing. Strong, K. A & Shadden, B. B. (2020). The power of story in identity renegotiation: Clinical approaches to supporting persons living with aphasia. ASHA Perspectives, SIG 2, 5, 371-383. https://pubs.asha.org/doi/pdf/10.1044/2019_PERSP-19-00145 Youmans, G., Holland, A., Munoz, M. L., & Bourgeois, M. (2005). Script training and automaticity in two individuals with aphasia. Aphasiology, 19(3/4/5), 435–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/02687030444000877

Thanks for joining Jill Baughan today on Finding Joy ...No Matter What.   Make a Joy Box for Someone You Care About: https://jillbaughan.com/joy-box/   Huston, Peter. “Continuing Lessons from the Trail.” https://grandmagatewood.wordpress.com/?s=trail+magic+movie&submit=Search   Montgomery, Ben. Grandma Gatewood's Walk: The Inspiring Story of the Woman Who Saved the Appalachian Trail. Chicago Review Press, April 1, 2016.   Sagert, Kelly Boyer and Bette Lou Higgins. Grandma Gatewood: Ohio's Legendary Hiker, Independently published January 1, 2012.   Seelye, Katharine Q. “Grandma (Emma) Gatewood: First Woman to Conquer the Appalachian Trail Alone.” New York Times, June 27, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/obituaries/grandma-emma-gatewood-overlooked.html   “Trail Magic: The Grandma Gatewood Story.” Eden Valley Enterprises. https://edenvalleyenterprises.org/progdesc/gatewood/tmfilminf/tmdvd.htm   Wikipedia—The Free Encyclopedia. “Grandma Gatewood.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandma_Gatewood   Connect with Jill: Facebook ~ Instagram ~ Twitter ~  Website

This episode of the Transform Work podcast features Jeff Nugent, the Co-Founder and CEO of Independently, as well as the Co-founder of the Contingent Workforce Institute. Independently is a compliance-as-a-service platform that leverages AI to deliver rigorous, unbiased evaluations and guaranteed compliance for independent contractors worldwide.It empowers businesses and staffing agencies to engage on-demand talent confidently and in line with complex regulatory standards.Jeff is a distinguished leader in the contingent workforce industry and continues to drive innovation in independent contractor compliance solutions for the open talent economy and staffing industries worldwide.Jeff NugentIndependently.aiContingent Workforce Institute

Do not suffer alone! God never intended that soldiers in his army fight the enemy independently. You and your friends are on a mission together, fighting alongside one another. -------- Thank you for listening! Your support of Joni and Friends helps make this show possible.   Joni and Friends envisions a world where every person with a disability finds hope, dignity, and their place in the body of Christ. Become part of the global movement today at www.joniandfriends.org.   Find more encouragement on Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and YouTube.

Rebecca and Tori chat Choices. We discuss the many choices made in the episode and choose to go on a few tangents about important things such as hard candy and child development theory.Print SourceField, Mark. 2017. Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Myth, Metaphor & Morality. Independently published.Other SourcesStorytelling song created by Tori using ChatGPT and Suno AI.Christmas Tale by Amaksi on Pixabay.Simply Psychology | PiagetAthame - WikipediaGavrok | Tardis | Fandom

In this episode of All Things Endurance, host Rick Prince chats with triathlon coach, Jim Rowe. Jim is the coach education lead for Playtri and comes to the world of triathlon coaching from a non-traditional pathway – as a Lutheran minister. While various topics are discussed in this podcast, the central theme that Rick and Jim discuss are the pros and cons of coaching for yourself versus coaching through an organization. As Jim has done both, he brings a unique perspective to this discussion.About Jim RoweJim is a Lutheran minister and a triathlon coach. Currently, Jim is a full-time triathlon coach with Playtri and is the coach education lead for the organization. In addition to coaching, Jim also performs physiological testing, bike fitting and swim stroke analysis for his athletes.   Areas covered in this podcast:1.       You have a unique background with respect to being a full-time tri coach, could you discuss your background and the path that you took to be a full-time tri coach?2.       Could you explain a bit more about how you made the decision to step away from being a minister, to being a full-time coach?3.       In both ministry and being a coach, you deal directly with people and communication is critically important. Would you say that your background as a minister has helped you in your role as a coach?4.       You had your own coaching practice prior to joining PlayTri as a coach. Could you discuss your reasoning behind that transition?5.       What are some of the pros and cons of running your own coaching practice, as well as that of coaching for an organization like PlayTri?6.       You also offer physiological testing as part of your coaching practice with PlayTri. When did you add that aspect to your services and how has that helped you in your coaching practice?7.       What are some key pieces of advice that you would have for a coach trying to decide if to coach independently or through an organization?8.       As a coach for an organization, do you still have to market your coach services or is that done 100% through PlayTri?What does a ‘day in the life' of Jim Rowe look like with respect to coaching? 

Employment scams skyrocketed last year, increasing by nearly 120%. Would you be able to spot one?The FTC routinely handles thousands of employment scam complaints each year, but that number is rising dramatically as technology makes conning job seekers easier for online thieves.The Bible warns us about living in a hostile and deceptive world. In Matthew 10:16, Jesus reminds us: “Behold, I am sending you out as sheep in the midst of wolves, so be wise as serpents and innocent as doves.”This means we are called to live innocently, doing no harm, but also to practice discernment and wisdom to avoid harm—especially in areas like employment and finances.One piece of advice that's particularly useful, especially when money is involved, is: “If something looks too good to be true, it probably is.” This simple principle can help protect you from many employment scams that prey on your trust. But with today's AI advancements, some scams have become more challenging to spot.Artificial intelligence has made it easier for scammers to generate fake job listings and convincing recruitment messages. According to the Identity Theft Resource Center, AI can help scammers polish their “pitch,” making it more persuasive and compensating for language and cultural differences. Unfortunately, victims of these scams lose an average of nearly $2,000.Common Employment Scams to Watch Out ForHere are some of the most common employment scams you might encounter:Work-from-home scams: With the rise of remote work, scammers target those seeking home-based jobs by offering fake opportunities.Repackaging and reshipping scams: These scams involve sending merchandise from your home, with con artists getting you to send money in the process.Virtual personal assistant scams: A fake employer claims they need help with administrative tasks, but their real goal is to steal personal information.Mystery shopper scams: These fake job offers entice you to pay upfront for “training” or “supplies,” but the job never materializes.Job placement scams: Scammers ask for a fee to place you in a job but disappear after receiving your payment.Government and postal job scams: These scams claim to offer government jobs in exchange for a fee or personal information.Scammers often post these fake job listings on reputable websites like LinkedIn, Indeed, and other job search platforms, making it harder to tell what's real and what's not. The rise of remote work since the pandemic has also made job seekers more comfortable with digital-only interactions, but this comes with its own set of risks.Red Flags to Watch ForAccording to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), here's what you can do to protect yourself:Don't assume safety on well-known job search platforms. Just because a listing is on a reputable site doesn't mean it's legitimate.Independently verify the company and its hiring process. Always research the company before accepting an offer.Be cautious if you didn't initiate contact. If a recruiter contacts you out of the blue, verify their credentials directly with the company.Digital-only interactions are a red flag. While many interviews are conducted online, be wary of jobs that involve only digital communication.Beware of check scams. Honest employers won't send you a check to buy supplies and then ask you to return the leftover money. This is a common fake check scam.Too-good-to-be-true offers. High pay for little work is another major warning sign, especially if personal or financial information is required early in the process.How to Protect YourselfIf you spot any of these red flags, it's wise to walk away. However, you can also verify if a job is legitimate by doing an online search of the company or person offering the position. Add words like “scam,” “review,” or “complaint” to your search. While not finding complaints doesn't automatically make the job offer legitimate, finding plenty of complaints is a sure sign that it's a scam.If you believe you've encountered a scam, report it to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at reportfraud.ftc.gov or the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). Additionally, if you found the suspicious job listing on a reputable platform like LinkedIn or Indeed, be sure to report the listing to the site.By staying alert and using discernment, you can protect yourself from employment scams in a world that sometimes feels like it's full of wolves. Take these precautions, trust your instincts, and stay safe.On Today's Program, Rob Answers Listener Questions:Can I do a quick claim deed to remove my son from the deed after I pay off the house so that the house goes to all five of my kids instead of just him?My grandpa has chosen to invest his money in a commemorative coin collection that he's been growing over the years. He's asked my aunt and me to take the coins before he passes, find out their value, and sell that money for him. I'm still determining where to turn to ascertain the value and get the most for his investment.My friend on disability is concerned that getting a part-time job would jeopardize his disability benefits, even though I think it would provide a cushion for him. How can he earn additional income without losing his benefits?My wife and I want to try to retire this next year. I'm 61, and she won't be able to get Social Security. We're figuring out the first steps to moving forward with that.Resources Mentioned:An Uncommon Guide to Retirement: Finding God's Purpose for the Next Season of Life by Jeff HaanenLook At The Sparrows: A 21-Day Devotional on Financial Fear and AnxietyRich Toward God: A Study on the Parable of the Rich FoolFind a Certified Kingdom Advisor (CKA) or Certified Christian Financial Counselor (CertCFC)FaithFi App Remember, you can call in to ask your questions most days at (800) 525-7000. Faith & Finance is also available on the Moody Radio Network and American Family Radio. Visit our website at FaithFi.com where you can join the FaithFi Community and give as we expand our outreach.

 This month we're celebrating Down Syndrome Awareness Month with episodes based on popular Google search topics! Today we're joined by Emily Kendall & Chad Mayer from EmpowerMe Living for this episode all about answering the question: Can a person with Down syndrome live independently? Today, we're talking about the incredible work of EmpowerMe Living, a program designed to support individuals with disabilities in choosing the best living arrangement for their unique needs. We're with EmpowerMe Living founder, Emily and Chad, who lives independently through the program, as they share their insights on independent versus supported living, overcoming challenges, and how EmpowerMe Living helps families navigate these important decisions. This is an episode you don't want to miss! - - - - SHOW NOTES Check out EmpowerMe Living's website to learn more about our: Incredible team  Microhome concept  First property in Cincinnati  Our Cincinnati Housing Market Analysis    First Place Global Leadership Institute –Check out their groundbreaking research on housing, including “A Place in the World” and their housing market analyses. Organizations can partner with First Place to conduct a housing market analysis in their community to collect and analyze data about housing needs and preferences directly from adults with I/DD and their families which can then be used to drive effective solutions.   Learn more about Beyond Down Syndrome – a wonderful resource for people with Down syndrome and their families focused on independence  Blog Emily wrote for this summer about trusting intuition advocating for her son with Down syndrome   Emily wanted us to share her son, Luke Kendall on the news! It has been awesome for Luke's confidence and skill building, foundations for independence!  Learn more about Timothy M Freeman Center, MD, Center for Developmental Disabilities provides adults with I/DD interdisciplinary, patient-centered healthcare. It is one of the few centers in the country pioneering this approach within an academic healthcare system.  Learn more about Enable Special Needs Planning to create a plan that enables your child with disabilities to live a great life JOIN THE MOVEMENT Join us in celebrating and supporting The Lucky Few Podcast! For just $0.99, $4.99, or $9.99 a month, you can help us continue shouting worth and shifting narratives for people with Down syndrome. Your support makes a difference in our ability to create meaningful content, enable us to cover production costs, and explore additional opportunities to expand our resources. Become an essential part of The Lucky Few movement today!  DISCOUNT CODE Friends, grab your narrative shifting gear over on The Lucky Few Merch Shop and use code PODCAST for 10% off! HELP US SHIFT THE NARRATIVE Interested in partnering with The Lucky Few Podcast as a sponsor? Email hello@theluckyfewpodcast.com for more information! THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS: Thank you, National Down Syndrome Society for sponsoring this episode! Learn more about the Adult Summit in Orange County and reserve your spot today! Thank you, Enable SNP for sponsoring this episode! 47. Planning for the Future w/Phillip Clark from Enable SNP 191. Future Planning for the WHOLE Family - ft. Phillip Clark, Enable SNP LET'S CHAT Email hello@theluckyfewpodcast.com with your questions and Good News for future episodes. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/theluckyfewpod/support

This is part two of our conversation with JP Davis, a social entrepreneur nicknamed "The Pride of Kentucky" and an uber-fundraiser for good causes. JP has agreed to support Kristi's non-profit K9s4COPS and K9s4KIDS, which deploys canines and their handlers to protect schoolchildren, hunt down narcotics and dealers, and combat crime across the US.   JP is a gay man who bucks the perception that Louisville is only for straights, describing himself to friends as a "proud, Appalachian homo". He's enjoyed a stellar career which has taken him from White House Intern under George Bush Jr., to assistant to a Conservative member of the UK Parliament, to returning to Louisville to launch his consulting firm, JP Davis Partners.  He believes the best politicians see themselves as public servants, and all political dialogue should start "with empathy". He condemns the adversarial nature of today's politics on both sides. But he's optimistic, believing that more people than ever are questioning what they hear, and thinking independently.  https://www.linkedin.com/in/kyjpdavis/ https://www.jpdavispartners.com/about00:00 Start00:03 Fat, straight and Republican00:29 Proud, Appalachian homo01:22 "The pros are stepping in now"01:45 "This makes me feel like I have purpose"02:16 "Everybody in DC is gay"02:20 Lunch with GOP Powerhitters02:48 Politicians as good public servants03:28 "Talk issues"04:18 "Talking politics shouldn't be a bloodbath"05:40 "We've evolved beyond black and white issues"06:24 "I meet political people where they are"06:50 "There are bad apples on both sides"07:50 "Leveraging hot issues to divide us"08:30 "Immediate news is too often taken as truth"09:52 "We've got a lot of issues we're not facing"10:15 "I hate Taylor Swift" - "Dude......"10:50 "Donald Trump is our version of Kim Jong Un" 11:45 "People still believe he speaks for us"13:33 "Independent thinking is growing" 15:00 Honk for Jesus15:20 Evangelical church and transitions16:46 Seeing God in Grandmothers and the devil in families17:10 "Love is an action, not a word"17:50 What is a "holler"?18:55 The culture of being "looked down upon"20:12 We all deserve the same respect20:34 How can people be more financially secure? 21:00 Jeff Bezos' profits and the pay of his employees23:45 "A smart person figures out the effects of their actions on future generations"24:38 Lead with Empathy25:30 Kentucky ban on conversion therapy 26:51 Learning, Growing, Evolving, or Liberal Arts Education?   

Around the early 19th century, people worldwide began studying the prophecies. Independently, individuals all over the world reached a startling conclusion. Tune in to this episode to discover what these Bible students uncoveredYear C Quarter 3 Week 38All Bible verses are from the NKJVFind the Lessons Here: https://mybiblefirst.org/?module=products&func=product&id2=25Connect with Us:Website: https://startingwithjesus.comInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/startingwithjesusFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/startingwithjesus

Eamon Ryan, Minister for Environment, Climate, Communications and Transport spoke movingly to Brendan about parenting his 23-year-old son Tommy, who has an intellectual disability and a rare form of autism. Eamon spoke to Brendan about his hopes and worries for his son's future, as he will never be able to live independently.

Interview with Steve Leininger, Designer of the TRS-80- Model I Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/FloppyDays Sponsors: 8-Bit Classics  Arcade Shopper   0                                 Floppy Days Tune 1 min 13 sec              Vintage Computer Ads 1 min 42 sec              Intro 9 min 03 sec             bumper - Peter Bartlett  9 min 11 sec              New Acquisitions 17 min 11 sec             bumper - Ian Mavric  17 min 19 sec            Upcoming Computer Shows 21 min 53 sec            bumper - Myles Wakeham 21 min 58 sec            Meet the Listeners 28 min 37 sec            Interview with Steve Leininger 1 hr 20 min 29 sec    Closing This particular episode has a special meaning for me, personally.  You see, as I've mentioned on earlier episodes, the TRS-80 Model I from Tandy/Radio Shack was my first home computer (even though my first programmable device was a TI58C calculator).  I recall the joy and wonder of playing with the machine (it wasn't called the Model I at that time; just the TRS-80; as it was the first of the line) in the local Radio Shack store in 1977 and 1978 and the incredible rush of owning one in 1979; after my wife purchased a Level I BASIC machine for me as a gift for college graduation.  That machine only had 4K of RAM and 4K of ROM (Tiny BASIC), as it was the entry-level machine, but it was a thing of beauty.  I felt like I could do anything with that machine, even though my justification to the wife was that we could track our checkbook and recipes on it.  I think she knew better, but went along with it anyway.  The computer came with everything you needed, including a tape drive and black-and-white monitor, which was good for a poor recent college graduate.  I quickly, as finances allowed with my new engineering job, upgraded the computer to 16K of RAM and Level II BASIC (a powerful Microsoft 12K ROM BASIC) and enjoyed the machine immensely, even using it in my job supporting the build-out of a new nuclear power plant back in those days. I eventually sold off the Model I, in favor of a computer that had color graphics and sound (the Atari 800), but have always continued to have a huge soft spot for that first computer. When I started the Floppy Days Podcast, one of the people that has always been on my bucket list to interview has been Steve Leininger, who, along with Don French while at Radio Shack designed the TRS-80 Model I, among other things.  A few years back, I had the opportunity to participate in an interview with Steve for the Trash Talk Podcast, when I was co-hosting that show, but an ill-timed trip to the hospital for my son meant that I was not able to participate.  While my son's health is of paramount importance, of course, I always wanted to get another chance to talk with Steve.  Not only was Steve the designer of one of my favorite home computers of all time, but he also was a fellow Purdue University Boilermaker, who graduated just a year before I started there.  The thought that I could have met Steve on campus if I'd been there just a year earlier was very intriguing to me, and fueled my desire to talk with Steve even more. In the last episode (#141 with Paul Terrell) I talked about VCF Southeast in Atlanta in July of 2024.  After I had made plans to attend that show, I was flabbergasted to find out that Earl Baugh, one of the show organizers, had somehow managed to contact Steve and get him to come to the show!  I have to thank Earl for the work he did to make that happen.  Here was my opportunity to certainly meet Steve, and perhaps even talk with him!  I prepped some questions, just in case I was able to get an interview. While at the show, I met Steve and asked him if he would be willing to do a short interview for Floppy Days while at the show.  Amazingly, he was very kind and agreed to do that.  We found a quiet room and I was able to talk with Steve for almost an hour.  This show contains that interview. Another note on this: as you'll hear in the interview, the connection to Steve is even stronger than I realized!  He not only went to my alma mater, but also grew up in some of the same towns that myself and my wife did.  We personally peripherally know some of his relatives.  Things like this really do make you think the world is small! One other, final, note: This interview even ties into the recent and continuing interviews I've been publishing with Paul Terrell.  As you'll hear in upcoming episodes with Paul, and in this interview with Steve, Steve actually worked at the Byte Shop before getting the first job with Tandy, and in fact his work at the Byte Shop directly led to him getting hired by Tandy to design the Model I. Anyway, I hope you enjoy the interview as much as I enjoyed getting it.  I am overjoyed I finally got the chance to talk to one of my vintage computer heroes, Steve Leininger! New Acquisitions C64 Sketch and Design by Tony Lavioe - sponsored link https://amzn.to/4dZGtt2  Compute's Mapping the IBM PC and PC Junior by Russ Davies - sponsored link https://amzn.to/3yQmrlP  The Best of SoftSide - Atari Edition - https://archive.org/details/ataribooks-best-of-softside-atari-edition  ZX81+38 - https://github.com/mahjongg2/ZX81plus38  magnifying glasses - sponsored link https://amzn.to/4cBQYla  Japanese power adapter - sponsored link https://amzn.to/3XjeUW5  Upcoming Shows VCF Midwest - September 7-8 - Renaissance Schaumburg Convention Center in Schaumburg, IL - http://vcfmw.org/  VCF Europe - September 7-8 - Munich, Germany - https://vcfe.org/E/  World of Retrocomputing 2024 Expo - September 14-15 - Kitchener, ON, Canada - https://www.facebook.com/events/s/world-of-retro-computing-2024-/1493036588265072/  Teletext 50 - Sep 21-22 - Centre for Computing History, Cambridge, UK - https://www.teletext50.com/  Portland Retro Gaming Expo - September 27-29 - Oregon Convention Center, Portland, OR - https://retrogamingexpo.com/  Tandy Assembly - September 27-29 - Courtyard by Marriott Springfield - Springfield, OH - http://www.tandyassembly.com/  AmiWest - October 25-27 - Sacramento, CA - https://amiwest.net/  Chicago TI International World Faire - October 26 - Evanston Public Library (Falcon Room, 303), Evanston, IL - http://chicagotiug.sdf.org/faire/   Retro Computer Festival 2024 - November 9-10 - Centre for Computing History, Cambridge, England - https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/72253/Retro-Computer-Festival-2024-Saturday-9th-November/  Silly Venture WE (Winter Edition) - Dec. 5-8 - Gdansk, Poland - https://www.demoparty.net/silly-venture/silly-venture-2024-we   Schedule Published on Floppy Days Website - https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSeLsg4hf5KZKtpxwUQgacCIsqeIdQeZniq3yE881wOCCYskpLVs5OO1PZLqRRF2t5fUUiaKByqQrgA/pub  Interview Steve's Workbench at radioshack.com (archived) - https://web.archive.org/web/19980528232503/http://www.radioshack.com/sw/swb/   Transcript of Interview-Only Randy Kindig: All right. I really appreciate your time today, Steve.  Steve Leininger: Thank you for having me, Randy.  Randy Kindig: So let's start out maybe just by talking about where You live today, and what you do? Steve Leininger: I live in Woodland Park, Colorado, which is 8, 500 feet, right out in front of we got Pike's Peak out our front window. Randy Kindig: Oh. Oh, that's nice.  Steve Leininger: Yeah we get snow up through about June, and then it starts again about September. But it's not as much snow as you would imagine.  Randy Kindig: I've got property in Montana, and I lived out there for a couple of years,  Steve Leininger: so there you go.  Randy Kindig: We probably got more snow up there.  Steve Leininger: Hey, you asked what I did.  I'm involved with Boy Scouts, a maker space with a church based ministry firewood ministry, actually. Some people call it a fire bank. So we provide firewood to people who can't afford that.  Randy Kindig: Oh.  Steve Leininger: So it's like a food bank, but with fire, firewood.  Randy Kindig: I've never heard of that. Steve Leininger: We source the firewood. We cut it down and we split it. Lots of volunteers involved; pretty big project.  Randy Kindig: Yeah. Okay, cool. I also wanted to mention, I'm a fellow Boilermaker.  Steve Leininger: There you go.  Randy Kindig: I know you went to Purdue, right?  Steve Leininger: I did go to Purdue.  Randy Kindig: Did you ever get back there?  Steve Leininger: Yeah, and in fact they've got a couple learning spaces named after us. Randy Kindig: Oh, okay.  Steve Leininger: We've been donating to our respective alma maters. My wife went to IU.  Randy Kindig: Oh, is that right? Oh my.  Steve Leininger: Yeah, oh my and me. Yeah, the fact that the family who's all IU, their family tolerated me was, quite a remarkable thing.  Randy Kindig: Okay.  I find it interesting because I think you graduated in 76, is that right? Steve Leininger: 74.  Randy Kindig: Oh, 74.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. Yeah. I was there from … Randy Kindig: Oh yeah, you actually were gone before I started.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. So I was there from 70 to 73. 70 to 70 four. When I graduated in four years, I got both my bachelor's and master's degree by going through the summer. I managed to pass out of the first year classes because of some of the high school stuff yeah.  Randy Kindig: Okay. I started in 75, so I guess we just missed each other.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. Yeah. You're the new kids coming in.  Randy Kindig: Yeah. . So I, I found that interesting and I wanted to say that. Do you keep up with their sports program or anything like that? Steve Leininger: Yeah, they play a pretty good game of basketball in fact, I ribbed my wife about it because she was from the earlier days, the Bobby Knight days at IU that were phenomenal.  Randy Kindig: Yeah, exactly. For those of you listening, I'm talking with Steve Leininger, who was the primary developer, if not the developer, of the TRS 80 Model I.. Steve Leininger: I did all the hardware and software for it. I'll give Don French credit for sticking to it and getting a project started. And for refining, refining our product definition a little bit to where it was better than it would have been if I would have stopped early.  Randy Kindig: Okay. And I have talked with Don before. I've interviewed him on the podcast, and I met him at Tandy Assembly. But I'm just curious, when you were hired into Tandy and you were told what you were going to do; exactly what were you told?  Steve Leininger: They had a 16 bit microprocessor board that another consultant had developed. And they were trying to make a personal computer out of this. It was the Pace microprocessor, which was not a spectacular success for National, but it was one of the first 16 bit processors. But they had basically an initial prototype, might have been even the second level of the thing. No real documentation, no software, ran on three different voltages and didn't have input or output. Other than that, it was fine. I was brought in because I was one of the product one of the engineers for the development boards, the development board series for the SCAMP, the S C M P, the National Semiconductor had a very low cost microprocessor that at one point in time, I benchmarked against the 8080 with positive benchmarks and ours was faster on the benchmarks I put together, but as I was later told there's lies, damn lies, and benchmarks. But so they said take a look at using that, their low cost microprocessor that you were working with. And it really wasn't the right answer for the job. Let's see, the Altair was already out. Okay. That was the first real personal computer. The Apple, the Apple 1 was out. Okay. But it was not a consumer computer. Okay. They, it was just, it was like a cookie sheet of parts, which was very similar to what was used in the Atari games at the commercial games. Okay. pong and that kind of stuff at that time. And I had been working, after Purdue, I went to National Semiconductor. There's a long story behind all that. But in the process, some of us engineers would go up to the Homebrew Computer Club that met monthly up at the Stanford Linear Accelerator. We're talking Wilbur and Orville Wright kinds of things going on. Yeah. Everyone who was in the pioneering version of computing had at one time been to that meeting. Randy Kindig: It's very famous. Yeah.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. And Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were basically a couple guys working out of their garage at the time. I was still working at National Semiconductor, but I also had a Moonlight job at Byte Shop number 2. The second computer store in all of California. Randy Kindig: And So you worked with Paul Terrell. Steve Leininger: I actually worked with one of, yeah, Paul, I actually worked for Paul's I don't know if it was a partner, Todd, I don't even remember the guy's name. But I just, it was.  Randy Kindig: I was curious because I'm talking to Paul right now and getting interviews. Steve Leininger: Yeah. I, I'm sure we met, but it wasn't anything horribly formal. Since it was the number two shop, it still wasn't the number one shop, which Paul worked out of. And so we had an Apple 1 there. I actually got the job because I when I When I went in there, they were trying to troubleshoot something with what looked like an oscilloscope that they pulled out of a tank, and so it had, audio level kind of bandwidth, but could not do a digital circuit. And I said what you really need is a, I told him, a good tectonic scope or something like that. He said do you want a job here? I ended up moonlighting there, which was, as fortune would have it, was a good deal when the folks from Radio Shack came down to visit. Because when they came down to visit the sales guy wasn't there. We'll let the engineer talk to them, they almost never let the engineers talk to them.  Randy Kindig: So you had to talk with them.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. It was John Roach, Don French, and it was probably Jack Sellers, okay and Don was probably the; he was the most on top of stuff electronically because he was a hobbyist of sorts. The other two guys: Mr. Sellers ran the engineering group. John Roach was the VP of manufacturing. And they were basically on a parts visit. They do it once a year, once, twice a year. And they also did it with Motorola and a couple other places. But I told him about this microprocessor and that I was writing a tiny BASIC for it. Okay. Tiny BASIC was a interpreted basic that a guy named Li-Chen Wang actually had the first thing in Dr. Dobbs, Dr. Dobbs magazine. We're talking about, we're talking about things that you don't realize are the shoulders of giants that turned out to be the shoulders of giants. And in fact, we reached out to Mr. Wang as we were working on it. We thought we had the software already taken care of because I'm jumping ahead in the story, but we were going to have Bob Uterich, and you'd have to chase that back. We had him signed up to write a BASIC interpreter for us, but because he'd already done one for the 6800, and it was included in Interface Age magazine. on a plastic record. You remember the old plastic records you could put in a magazine?  Randy Kindig: Yeah, I did see that.  Steve Leininger: Yeah, so this was called a floppy ROM when they did it. Yeah. So if you had the right software and everything you could download the software off of the floppy ROM and run it on 6800. I think he used the Southwest Technical Products thing. And so we'd signed him up to do the BASIC. This was independent of the hardware design I was doing. And he went into radio silence on us; couldn't find him. And so we get to, in parallel, I was using the Li-Chen Wang plan to do at least a demo version of BASIC that would run on the original computer. And when the demo went successfully on Groundhog Day in 1977. This is the time frame we're talking about. I I started work on July 5th, the year before it. With Tandy? Yeah. Okay. We rolled into town on the 3rd, and of course they're closed for the 4th. And on the 5th I started, and there was the wandering around in the desert at the beginning of that, and Don's probably talked about how I was moved from there to their audio factory and then to the old saddle factory. Tandy used to be primarily a leather company before they bought Radio Shack in 1966 or something like that. And anyway, when the software didn't come out, I ended up writing the software, too. So I designed all the hardware and all the software. I didn't do the power supply. Chris Klein did the power supply. And, a little bit of the analog video circuitry, but it was very little part of that. Because we were just making a video signal. I did all the digital stuff on that. Yeah.  Randy Kindig: So the software ended up being what was the level one ROM, right?  Steve Leininger: Yeah, the level one ROM started out as the Li-Chen Wang BASIC. But he had no I. O. in his software, so I was doing the keyboard scanning. I had to do the cassette record and playback. Had to implement data read and data write Peek and poke, which is pretty simple. Put in the graphic statements. Yeah, oh, and floating point. Now, floating point, luckily, Zilog had a library for that, but I had to basically, this was before APIs were a big deal, so I basically had to use their interface, To what I had written and had to allocate storage, correct? We're talking about 4K bytes of ROM. I know, yeah. Very tiny, and to put all the I. O. in there, and to make it so that you could be updating the screen, when you're doing the cassette I put two asterisks up there and blinked the second one on and off, you remember that?  Randy Kindig: Oh yeah. Steve Leininger: Sort of as a level set.  Randy Kindig: Yeah.  Steve Leininger: And someone said, oh, you should have patented that thing. And actually I have seven or eight patents, U. S. patents, on different parts of the computer architecture.  Randy Kindig: Oh, do you?  Steve Leininger: But not the blinking asterisk, which is probably a patentable feature.  Randy Kindig: Yeah, I wish I'd had that on other machines, that I ended up having. So that would have been nice, yeah. I liken what you've done with what Steve Wozniak did, for the Apple II. You're somebody I've always wanted to talk to because I felt like you were one of the important pioneers in their early years. What do you have to say about that? Do you feel like what you did was ... Steve Leininger: in retrospect, yes. And I have a greater appreciation for people like the Wright Brothers. If you think about the Wright Brothers they took all their stuff from their Dayton, Ohio, bicycle shop down to Kill Devil Hills. We now know it as Kitty Hawk. But they would take the stuff down there by train, and then they would have to put it in horse driven wagons. Think about that. And people would ask them, what are you going to use the airplane for? It's what are you going to use a home computer for? Yeah, to maintain recipes and to play games.  Randy Kindig: Do your checkbook.  Steve Leininger: Do your check, home security. There's a whole lot of stuff that we talked about. And other giants entered the field: Multiplan, which became Lotus 1 2 3, which became Excel. Not the same company, but the idea, could you live without a spreadsheet today? Very difficult for some things, right?  Randy Kindig: Yeah. Yeah, it's ubiquitous.  People use it for everything. Yeah. Yeah. So you've been, I talked with David and Teresa Walsh. Or Welsh, I'm sorry, Welsh. Where they did the book Priming the Pump. Steve Leininger: That's very that's pretty close to the real thing.  Randy Kindig: Is it? Okay. They named their book after what you did and said; that you primed the pump for home computers. Can you expand on that and tell us exactly what you meant by that?  Steve Leininger: It again goes back to that shoulders of giants thing, and I forget who said that; it's actually a very old quote, I can see further because I'm standing on the shoulders of giants. And I think the thing that we brought to the table and Independently, Commodore and Apple did the same thing in 1977. There were three computers that came out inexpensive enough that you could use them in the home. They all came with ROM loaded BASIC. You didn't have to load anything else in. They all came with a video output. Some had displays. Some Commodore's was built in. One of ours was a Clip on and you had to go find one for the apple. For the Apple, yeah. Apple had a superior case. Apple and Radio Shack both had great keyboards. Randy Kindig: apple was expandable, with its... Steve Leininger: yeah, Apple Apple was internally expandable, yeah. And, but it cost $1,000. Without the cassette. Without the monitor. It wasn't the same type of device.  Randy Kindig: I was a college student. And, I looked at all three options. It was like the TRS-80; there are Radio Shacks everywhere.  You could go in and play with one; which was nice. And they were inexpensive enough that I could actually afford one. Steve Leininger: And, Radio Shack can't duck the, if you did something wrong, you had to fix it.  Randy Kindig: That's right. Let's see here. So initially the idea was to have a kit computer by Tandy? Steve Leininger: Yeah. I'm not sure whose idea that was. It made some kind of sense. Because that's the way the Altair was, and Radio Shack did sell a number of kits, but in the process of still kicking that around, saying it could be a possibility. I was one of the ones that said it could be a possibility. Within the same group that I did the design work from, they also would take kits in that people had built and troubleshoot the things if they didn't work. We had a couple engineers that would see if you connected something wrong or something.  If you didn't, sometimes it was a matter that the instructions weren't clear. If you tell someone to put an LED in, yeah. You specifically have to tell them which way to put it in. And might be an opportunity to tweak your timing. Yeah. Anyway, we get this clock in, and it was a digital clock. Seven segment LEDs probably cost 50 bucks or more. Which is crazy. But It says, put all the components in the board, turn the board over, and solder everything to the board. And, pretty simple instructions. This had a sheet of solder over the entire bottom of the board. Someone figured out how to put two pounds of solder on the back of this thing. And, as we all got a great chuckle out of that, You realize, oh, you don't want to have to deal with a computer like this. You really don't. And Lou Kornfeld, who was the president at the time, didn't really want the computer. But he said, it's not going to be a kit. All right. That, that, that took care of that. great idea. Great idea.  Randy Kindig: Were there any other times when you thought the computer might, or were there any times, when you thought the computer might not come to fruition? Any snags that you had that made you think that maybe this isn't going to work?  Steve Leininger: Not really. I was young and pretty well undaunted. Randy Kindig: Pretty sure you could,  Steve Leininger: yeah I, it wasn't any, it wasn't any different than building one at home. I'd been building kits since, night kits, heath kits, that kind of stuff, since I was a kid. And home brewed a couple things, including a hot dog cooker made from two nails and a couple wires that plugged into the wall. Don't try that at home.  Randy Kindig: No kidding.  Steve Leininger: But, it's funny if you If you look it up on, if you look that kind of project up on the internet, you can still find a project like that. It's like what's it called? Anvil tossing, where you put gunpowder under an anvil, shoot it up in the air. What could possibly go wrong? Don't,  Randy Kindig: It's very well documented in books like Priming the Pump, Stan Veit's book, which I assume you're familiar with, and Fire in the Valley, what your involvement was with the Model 1. But there was some mention of your involvement with the Expansion Interface and other TRS 80 projects. What else did you work on while you were there?  Steve Leininger: The Color Computer, the Expansion Interface. The model three to a little.  Randy Kindig: Okay.  Steve Leininger: Little bit. The model two was the big one. And point I just got tired of the management there.  Randy Kindig: Did you? Okay.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. I my mind was going faster than theirs, and they made the conscious decision to do whatever IBM has done, but do it cheaper. That, to me, that's not a. Didn't say less expensively either, so the whole thing just troubled me that, we're not going to be able to do anything new unless IBM has done it. And at about the same time the Macintosh came out and a superb piece of work. Yeah.  Randy Kindig: Okay. So what education training and previous work experience did you have at the time you got hired by Tandy that made you uniquely qualified for that project that they were looking for?  Steve Leininger: I'd been playing around with electronics since I was in the third grade. Actually, electricity.  Randy Kindig: The third grade, wow.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. My, my mom got me a kit that had light bulbs and bells and buzzers and wire from, I think it might have been the Metropolitan Museum. They had a kit. They, they've got a, they still today have an online presence. It, of course the materials have changed, but the kit had all these parts and it had no instructions. And I don't know if that was by design or it didn't have instructions, so I had to learn how to hook up wires and light bulbs and bells and switches to make it do things. And, in the process, I found out that if you put a wire right across the battery terminals, it gets hot. And, interesting stuff to know. Pretty soon, I was taking this stuff in to show and tell in the third grade. Look, and I was very early in electronics. It's electricity. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And then my mom would take me to the library. She was quite a voracious reader, and I'd go to the library. technical section specifically the Dewey Decimal 621, which was electronics and things like that. Randy Kindig: you still remember that.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. And in the 590 series, there's some good stuff too. And I would usually take out a stack of books, even though I was a horrible reader because I'm dyslexic and ADD. So I have an attention span and reading problem. But the technical stuff I was reading about pipeline architecture processors while I was still in junior high. And not that was important to where I ended up, but it was important because I understood the words and data flow, and stuff like that. And between that and building the kits and things like that, I When we moved to Indianapolis, my dad moved jobs down to Indianapolis. Randy Kindig: Oh, you lived in Indianapolis?  Steve Leininger: Yeah. So I moved from South Bend down to Indianapolis. So I probably passed your house as . Actually we came down through Kokomo, but but yeah.  Randy Kindig: I actually grew up in that part of the state. Just south of South Bend.  Steve Leininger: Okay. So yeah La Paz, Plymouth,  Randy Kindig: yeah, Warsaw, Rochester.  Steve Leininger: Yeah, I was born in Rochester.  Randy Kindig: Oh, okay. So that's where I grew up in that area.  Steve Leininger: Okay, there you go. My dad's from Akron.  Randy Kindig: Are you serious?  Steve Leininger: I am serious.  Randy Kindig: Akron's where my wife grew up. And I was just 10 miles from there.  Steve Leininger: The general store there, Dan Leininger and Sons, that's my great grandfather. Randy Kindig: Really?  Steve Leininger: Yeah.  Randy Kindig: I'll be darned. Okay. Okay.  Steve Leininger: So now it all makes sense.  Randy Kindig: That's amazing.  Steve Leininger: Anyway, we started a garage band. This is before Apple's garage band. And I made my own amplifier. It basically had the sun sun amplifiers back end on the thing and a Fender Showman front end on it. Completely home brewed really loud amplifier. And I had a friend who had a guitar amplifier that was broken, and he had taken it down to the music store there. And after six weeks of not getting it back, they said we've had trouble with our technician and all that. I asked if I could go down and look at it, and in 15 minutes I had his amplifier fixed. And they said, do you want tom so you want a job? All right. Yeah, because I'd been doing, I'd had a paper route before and I don't think I was doing anything since we'd moved and ao I started working in a music store and they ended up with two music stores and then an organ store next door and I started repairing that kind of stuff. And this was the end of my first year in college. Went to the extension in Indianapolis.  Randy Kindig: Oh, okay. And Was that I U P U I?  Steve Leininger: IUPUI, yeah. Yeah. I, yeah, I U P U I.  Randy Kindig: Huh. I went there as well.  Steve Leininger: Yeah and learned Fortran there, got all my first year classes out, and then moved on up to the campus. And because we'd always go to the library, and because my mom would often take me to the library, the newsstand not too far from the library, and she'd get a couple magazines, but she let me get an electronic magazine. And, I didn't understand these things, pretty soon you start understanding the pic, you start understanding it. This is a resistor, I built a little shocker box based on a design in probably elementary electronics. And It's like a handheld electric fence.  Randy Kindig: Oh, wow.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. Think hot dog cooker. Anyway, so I learned some electronics that way. A lot of that was self taught. I learned quite a bit more by working in the music store, again, this was before I was taught any formal electronics. And actually when I moved up to campus on Purdue, I thought I was going to be a world class guitar amplifier designer. That's where I thought. And it turns out my analog gut feelings aren't, weren't as good as other people's. Paul Schreiber does a much better job with electronics, with analog electronics than I do. But digital electronics, I understood this stuff. I would hang out in the library and I'd read the trade magazines. So I was up to date on, I was way more up to date than a typical professor would be on current electronics. And in 1973, which was the end of my junior year, Electronics Magazine had an article on the Intel 8008. And I said, Oh, I understand this. See, I'd already been taking assembly language. Now they didn't teach assembly language programming in the electronics school. They had Fortran, but there was no way to get from Fortran to ..they weren't teaching programming languages. I had to go to the business school where I learned assembly language on the school's CDC 6600 mainframe.  Randy Kindig: Really?  Steve Leininger: Yeah.  Randy Kindig: Through the business school?  Steve Leininger: Yeah. And for those of you who have never tried assembly language programming, it looks like a foreign language until you just internalize it in your brain: there's ADD, A D and A D C for ADD with carry, and there's a whole bunch of different things. There's different ways to move data around, but you're only doing a few really basic things, and if you do it fast enough, it looks like it's instantaneous. That's the way even your phone works today. It's because you're doing it fast enough. It fools you.  Randy Kindig: Yep. Wow. Do you ever look back at these days, at those days, with amazement? As far as how far the industry has come?  Steve Leininger: Oh yeah. And, it's funny because you wouldn't, you couldn't probably, but you wouldn't start over again. I had to learn, I had to learn digital video. Actually the giant that I, whose shoulders I stood on there was the late Don Lancaster. He had a book called TV Typewriter Cookbook. And actually that came out a little bit later, but he had a TV typewriter series in Radio Electronics Magazine. And basically alphanumeric display. If you think about it, just the glass teletype, the keyboard display and a serial interface at the time that the RadioShack computer came out was selling for 999. Another 400 on top of what we were selling the whole computer for. Because we had a microprocessor in there. We didn't have a whole lot of options. We didn't have a whole lot of fluff. In fact Motorola said, send this to your schematics and your parts list and let's see if we can minimize your circuit. And after two weeks they sent it back. He said, you did a pretty good job here. . .  Randy Kindig: Okay. Huh. You still stay in touch with people at Tandy?  Steve Leininger: A few of them. It's actually been more lately. Because it's almost more interesting now. It's like the, I don't know whatever happened to Atwater and Kent, of the Atwater Kent radio. But, that's an old school radio that now you've got people that rebuild them and got them all polished up and all this kind of stuff. But for a while they ended up in the dump. I'm sure, there are some trash 80s that ended up in the trash.  Randy Kindig: I'm sure.  Steve Leininger: Yeah but I've gotten rid of lots of PCs that don't meet my needs anymore, right? Randy Kindig: Sure. Yeah, we all have, somewhere along the way. It seemed like you were really quiet there for a long time and that you were difficult to get in contact with. Steve Leininger: I wasn't really that difficult. I didn't maintain a social media presence on the thing, but things that I had my own consulting company for quite a while. I actually came back to Radio Shack two more times after I left. One was to come back as a technologist there. The politics still didn't work out well. Then I came back as a contractor to help them with some of their online things. I actually had a website called Steve's Workbench. Steve Leininger: And you can find it on the Internet Archive. The Wayback Machine. And it had some basic stamp projects. And we were going to do all sorts of other things. But I managed to upset the people at RadioShack. com. They didn't have a big sense of humor about someone being critical about the products that they'd selected. And I, I did a... I was going to start doing product reviews on the kits, how easy it was to solder, whether it was a good value for the money and all that kind of stuff. And I gave a pretty honest review on it. And Radio Shack didn't appreciate the power of an honest review. It's what makes Amazon what it is, right? You go in there and if there's something that's got just two stars on the reviews, Yeah, you really got to know what you're doing if you're going to buy the thing, right? And if you see something that's got a bunch of one star and a bunch of five star reviews Yeah, someone's probably aalting the reference at the top end. And so I mean they had such a fit that when they changed platforms For RadioShack. com, they didn't take Steve's Workbench with it And I basically lost that position. Radio Shack should own the makerspace business right now. They at one time, one time I suggested, you ought to take a look at buying Digikey or maybe Mouser. Mouser was right down the street from us. They already had their hands into Allied, but these other two were doing stuff, more consumer oriented, but they didn't. They were making, they were flush with money from selling cell phone contracts. And they thought that was the way of the future until the cell phone companies started reeling that back in. At a certain point, you don't want to be paying your 5 percent or 10 percent royalty to Radio Shack for just signing someone up.  Randy Kindig: Yeah. Okay. I didn't realize you had ever gone back and worked for them again.  Steve Leininger: Yeah, twice,  Randy Kindig: and so I'm curious, did you meet any other famous figures in the microcomputer revolution while you were working at Tandy?  Steve Leininger: At Tandy, let's see.  Randy Kindig: I'm just curious.  Steve Leininger: Yeah, Bill Gates, of course. I went out when we were working on level two BASIC. And Bill Gates I think was probably a hundred- thousand- aire at that time. And, working in a, thhey had a floor in a bank building in Seattle. He took me to the basement of his dad's law firm, and we had drinks there, and I went out to his house on the lake. This was not the big house. I've never been there. It was a big house on the lake, but it wasn't the one That he built later on. So I knew him early on run across Forest Mims a couple times. And of course, he's the shoulders upon which a lot of electronic talent was built and some of the stuff is lost. Jameco is actually bringing him back as a… Jameco is a kinda like a Radio Shack store online. It's yeah it is, it's not as robust as DigiKey or Bower, but they've held their roots.  Someone I've not met Lady Ada from Adafruit would be fun.  Randy Kindig: Yeah. Would, yeah.  Steve Leininger: I, that, that's another thing that, if we had something along those lines, that would have been cool, but the buyers weren't up, up to the task and they when you don't want criticism at a certain point you've got to quit doing things if you don't want to be criticized.  Randy Kindig: Sure. When you finally got the Model 1 rolled out and you saw the tremendous interest, were you surprised in the interest that it garnered?  Steve Leininger: I wasn't. I wasn't. In fact, there's a quote of me. Me and John Roach had a discussion on how many of these do you think we could sell? And, this is actually quoted in his obituary on the, in the Wall Street Journal. I, Mr. Tandy said you could build 3, 500 of these because we've got 3, 500 stores and we can use them in the inventory. And to take inventory. And John Roach thought maybe we could sell, up to 5, 000 of these things in the first year. And I said, oh no, I think we could sell 50, 000. To which he said, horseshit. Just like that. And that, now I quoted that to the Wall Street Journal, and they put that in his obituary. Yeah I don't know how many times that word shows up in the Wall Street Journal, but if you search their files you'll find that it was me quoting John Roach. So … Randy Kindig: I'll have to, I'll have to look for that, yeah, that's funny. So you were not surprised by the interest,  Steve Leininger: no, it, part of it was I knew the leverage of the stores I'd been working, when we introduced the thing I'd been working for the company for just over a year. Think about that. And it wasn't until just before probably, it was probably September or October when Don and I agreed on the specs. I'd keep writing it up, and he'd look at it. Don actually suggested that, demanded, he doesn't, in a, but in a good natured way, he made a good case for it, that I have, in addition to the cassette interface on there, that I have a way to read and write data. Because if you're going to do an accounting program, you got to be able to read and write data. I actually figured out a way to do that. There were a couple other things. John Roach really wanted blinking lights on the thing. And my mechanical, the mechanical designer, there said that's going to cost more money to put the LEDs in there. What are you going to do with them? And, Mr. Roach was, you know, familiar with the IBM probably the 360 by then? Anyway. The mainframes. Yeah, mainframes always had blinking lights on them.  Randy Kindig: Exactly.  Steve Leininger: And since it's a computer, it should have blinking lights. And Larry said, Larry the mechanical guy said what are you going to do with them? I said, I can't, I said I could put stuff up there, It's… Randy Kindig: What are they going to indicate?  Steve Leininger: Yeah. And then, he said, I'll tell you what, I'm going to make the case without holes for the lights and just don't worry about it. That was the end of the discussion. Mr. Roach was probably a little disappointed, but yeah, no one else had them,  Randy Kindig: it's funny to think that you'd have blinking lights on a microcomputer like that. Yeah. Yeah. Is there any aspect of the Model one development you would do differently if you were doing it today?  Steve Leininger: Yeah, I would, I would've put the eighth memory chip in with the, with the video display so you get upper and lower case. Randy Kindig: Yeah, there you go. Okay.  Steve Leininger: Might've put buffers to the outside world. We had the, the microprocessor was buffered, but it was, it was very short distance off the connector there. Otherwise, there's not a whole lot I would have changed. Software could have been written a little better, but when one person's writing all the software the development system that I had was a Zilog development system. And 30 character percent a second. Decorator, line printer. The fact that I got it done is actually miracle stuff.  Randy Kindig: Yeah, and you got it done in a year, right?  Steve Leininger: And it was all written in assembly language. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Got it all done in a year.  Randy Kindig: That's a good year's work. Steve Leininger: It is.  Randy Kindig: Building a computer from scratch, basically, and then getting it...  Steve Leininger: and back then we had to program EEPROMs. We didn't have flash memory. Okay. Didn't hardly have operating systems back then. Not that I was using one. There was something in the Zilog thing, but yeah we were so far ahead of things, we were developing a product rather than a computer. And maybe that's the whole difference is that we had a product that you pull it up, plug it in, and it says these are TRS 80 and it wasn't the Model 1 until the Model 2 came out.  Randy Kindig: Yeah, exactly. It was just the TRS 80. Yeah. So I have to know, do you have any of the old hardware? Steve Leininger: I've got a Model 1. I don't use it except for demonstrations now. I actually have two. I've got one that works and one that's probably got a broken keyboard connector from taking it out of the case and holding it up too many times.  Randy Kindig: Were these prototypes or anything?  Steve Leininger: They are non serial production units. I've got the, I've got a prototype ROM board that's got the original integer basic that I wrote. I don't have the video boards and all that kind of stuff that went with it when we did the original demonstration. Let's see we had four wire wrapped, completely wire wrapped industrial wire wrapped versions that we used for prototyping the software. One went to David Lein, who wrote the book that came with the thing, the basic book. One I had at my desk and there were two others. Yeah. And they got rid of all of those. So a cautionary tale is if you do something in the future where you've got that prototype that was put together in Tupperware containers or held together with duct tape, you need to at least take pictures of it. And you might want to keep one aside. If it turns out to be something like the Apple III, you can probably get rid of all that stuff. If it turns out to be something like the Apple II, The RadioShack computer, the Commodore PET, you really ought to, enshrine that. The original iPhone. Apple did stuff that was, what was it, can't remember what it was. They had a they had a thing not unlike the... 3Com ended up getting them. Anyway the hand of the PDAs, no one knows what a Personal Oh, digital assistant. Yeah. Yeah. We call that a, we call that a phone ...  Randy Kindig: Palm Pilot. Yeah.  Steve Leininger: Yeah. Palm Pilot. That's the one. Yeah. I've got a couple of those. I've got three model 100's. I've got one of the early… Randy Kindig: Did you work on the 100s? Steve Leininger: I used it, but I didn't work on it. The design. No. Okay. That was an NEC product with Radio Shack skins on it.  Randy Kindig: Oh, that's right. That's right.  Steve Leininger: Kay Nishi was the big mover on that. Yeah. Let's see I've got an Altair and an ASR 33 Teletype. Yeah, we're talking about maybe the computer's grandfather, right? I've had a whole bunch of other stuff. I've probably had 40 other computers that I don't have anymore. I am gravitating towards mechanical music devices, big music boxes, that kind of stuff.  Randy Kindig: Oh, okay. Cool. Interesting. Steve, that's all the questions I had prepared. Steve Leininger: Okay.  Randy Kindig: Is there anything I should have asked about that?  Steve Leininger: Oh my,  Randy Kindig: anything you'd want to say?  Steve Leininger: Yeah, I, I've given talks before on how do you innovate? How do you become, this is pioneering kinds of stuff. So you really have to have that vision, man. The vision, I can't exactly say where the vision comes from, but being dyslexic for me has been a gift. Okay and this is something I tell grade school and middle school students that, some people are out there saying I, I can't do that because, it's just too much stuff or my brain is cluttered. Cluttered desk is the sign of a cluttered mind, what's an empty desk the sign of? Embrace the clutter. Learn a lot of different things. Do what you're passionate about. Be willing to. support your arguments, don't just get angry if someone doesn't think the way you do, explain why you're doing it that way. And sometimes it's a matter of they just don't like it or they don't have the vision. The ones that don't have the vision, they never, they may never have the vision. I've quit companies because of people like that. But When you've got the vision and can take it off in your direction, it could just end up as being art. And I shouldn't say just art, art can be an amazing thing. And that behind these walls here, we've got a pinball machine and gaming conference going on. And it is nutcase. But is there stuff out there you look at and say, Oh, wow. Yeah. And I do too. Keep it a while going. Randy Kindig: Very cool. All right. That's a great stopping point, I think. All right. I really appreciate it, Steve taking the time to talk with us today.  Steve Leininger: Thanks, Randy.  

Today's guest is Matt Zeigler. He's been on Talking Billions before, and he was also the guest host when we turned the tables. Matt asked me questions in Talking Billions' very first Fireside chat with the host. He is back, and we have lots to discuss. Matt is a Managing Director and Private Wealth Advisor at Sunpointe Investments. He helps clients create, align, and manage their financial plans and investment strategies. Matt's talent-turned-skill is engaging people on their level. In his words, "Finance may be complex, but it doesn't have to be complicated” Outside of work, Matt has a long-standing interest in all things creativity and culture related. He was born and raised in Pennsylvania and received his undergraduate degree in music from The University of Hartford. You can find him with his eyes on a book, his ears in some music, his nose over the stove, his feet on a trail, and his mind on the markets and the markets on his mind. I've been greatly enjoying his Cultish Creative blog posts, which I highly recommend. Matt has his podcasts — the Intentional Investor and Just Press Record. He also does incredibly insightful reviews of books. https://cultishcreative.com/ Matt has been generous enough to introduce me to quite a few of his podcast guests, whom I had the pleasure of hosting on Talking Billions. I also did my best to send him a number of fascinating earlier Talking Billions guests. Matt is one of those souls who leaves every place and everyone better after his visit or appearance, and I've been enjoying his positive karmic path in my pursuit of knowledge, wisdom, and understanding. Today, we discuss a variety of topics. We start with the power of stories and bridges between generations. Matt reminds us of the importance of listening and giving time and attention to others. We take on the topic of nostalgia and a whole variety of experiences around it. We learn about business, money, and economics from the punk rock music scene. Matt shares what it means to be independently happy. Stay tuned until the end, where, right about the moment when we are about to turn off the microphone, Matt tells a very emotional story of one particular painting that has great importance to him, a story that beautifully frames the entire conversation we've had. All right, please help me welcome Matt Zeigler. Podcast Program – Disclosure Statement Blue Infinitas Capital, LLC is a registered investment adviser and the opinions expressed by the Firm's employees and podcast guests on this show are their own and do not reflect the opinions of Blue Infinitas Capital, LLC. All statements and opinions expressed are based upon information considered reliable although it should not be relied upon as such. Any statements or opinions are subject to change without notice. Information presented is for educational purposes only and does not intend to make an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of any specific securities, investments, or investment strategies.  Investments involve risk and unless otherwise stated, are not guaranteed.  Information expressed does not take into account your specific situation or objectives, and is not intended as recommendations appropriate for any individual. Listeners are encouraged to seek advice from a qualified tax, legal, or investment adviser to determine whether any information presented may be suitable for their specific situation.  Past performance is not indicative of future performance.

#450: Your baby being able to sit relatively on their own is an important sign of readiness to eat. Pediatric occupational therapist Emma Hubbard explains how to help your baby get prepared to sit along with exercises and tips for reducing choking risk when you start solid foods. Listen to this episode to learn: Why your baby needs the head control associated with independent sitting to support a safe swallow When your baby should be showing you signs of independent sitting and what to look for along the way How to properly position your baby in their high chair and why floor seats are not recommended for feeding Shownotes for this episode can be found here: https://www.babyledweaning.co/podcast/450 Links from this episode: Emma's website: www.brightestbeginning.com  Emma's courses: https://brightestbeginning.com/courses/ Emma's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/EmmaHubbard  Baby-Led Weaning with Katie Ferraro program with the 100 First Foods™ Daily Meal Plan, join here: https://babyledweaning.co/program  Baby-Led Weaning for Beginners free online workshop with 100 First Foods™ list to all attendees, register here: https://workshop.babyledweaning.co  Other Episodes Related to this Topic Episode 284 - Postural Support when Starting Solid Foods with Emma Hubbard, Pediatric OT Episode 336 - Baby Feeding Milestones, Floor Seats and Hip Dysplasia with @milestones.and.motherhood KC Rickerd, PT, DPT

In this episode, Caroline ponders what (the fuck) does happily ever after even mean? Facing a brutal truth about giving away her power, Caroline discusses finances in a marriage and the importance of financial independence to ensure your true confidence. Music credit: Nikka Costa “It's Just Love” Please note that this episode may contain paid endorsements and advertisements for products and services. Individuals on the show may have a direct or indirect financial interest in products or services referred to in this episode.Produced by Dear Media.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Deborah Jane Burke is a dynamic filmmaker, writer, hip-hop recording artist, and producer. As the daughter of Guyanese immigrants who grew up as one of the only Black families in a predominantly white Orange County suburb, Deborah Jane found refuge in writing and hip-hop, igniting her passion for social justice and storytelling through music. Her journey led her to Stanford University, where she penned an award-winning hip-hop musical inspired by a childhood nightmare of being trapped in slavery. The play was later developed into a short film and is now in the process of becoming a feature-length film about racial reconciliation called, Strange Fruit: The Hip-hopera.Deborah Jane enjoys a successful Hollywood career, and has contributed to major networks such as FOX, TBS, BET, and PBS. Independently, she founded the House of Deborah Jane Studios with a mission to disrupt the status quo, amplify multi-cultural voices, and affect spiritual and social change through dynamic TV, film, theater, and music, with a particular emphasis on musicals. She is a proud alumna of the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts where she holds her MFA in screenwriting. https://www.strangefruithiphopera.com/Support the film:https://gofund.me/60c60606Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/i-am-refocused-radio--2671113/support.

Now that we've covered the groundwork, let's dive into today's topic, which is part two of our series on how to sell more books (or anything else) independently. We're picking up where we left off, so I won't rehash everything we discussed before. If you missed it, be sure to catch up on yesterday's episode for the full background.  Without further ado, let's jump right in! Show Notes: [04:41]#4 Write more books. [13:05]#5 Expand your Offerings. [16:51]#6 Commit to a lifetime and career of marketing and selling [23:58] Recap — Next Steps: Text Dre Baldwin: Text Dre at 1.305.384.6894 (or go to http://www.DreAllDay.com/Text) Work On Your Game University: http://www.WorkOnYourGameUniversity.com  Sponsor: AG1 by Athletic Greens: http://drinkAG1.com/WORKONYOURGAME  Get Dre's Emails FREE:  Http://WorkOnMyGame.com  Free Audiobooks:  The Third Day: http://www.ThirdDayBook.com/audible The Mirror Of Motivation: http://www.MirrorOfMotivation.com/audible Get The Free Books: The Third Day: http://ThirdDayBook.com  The Mirror Of Motivation: http://MirrorOfMotivation.com The Overseas Basketball Blueprint: http://BallOverseas.com  Basketball: How To Play As Well As You Practice: http://HoopHandbook.com/Free  Donate:  CashApp: http://Cash.app/$DreBaldwin  PayPal: http://PayPal.me/DreAllDay  Be sure to Subscribe to have each new episode sent directly to you daily! If you're enjoying Work On Your Game, please Review the show and let us know!  Dre on social media: Instagram [http://instagram.com/DreBaldwin] Facebook [http://Facebook.com/WorkOnYourGameUniversity] Twitter / X [http://X.com/DreAllDay] YouTube [http://youtube.com/dreupt]  Facebook Business Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/6figuresandgrowing/  All Episodes + FULL Work On Your Game Podcast archive at:  http://WorkOnYourGamePodcast.com

With the rise of self-publishing, it's become easier than ever to bring your work directly to your audience. Today, I'll outline the high-level steps you need to follow to sell books as an independent author. But here's the thing: while I'll focus on books, these principles can apply to selling almost anything independently. Whether it's courses, coaching services, homemade crafts, or even lemonade, the strategies remain the same. So, let's use books as our example canvas, but keep in mind that these principles are adaptable to any product or service you're selling. 

Let's take a trip into the world of self-publishing!
 Show Notes: [04:03]#1 Build a list. [12:29]#2 Give out samples. [19:06]#3 Become an entrepreneur, not just an author. [24:02] Recap — Next Steps: Text Dre Baldwin: Text Dre at 1.305.384.6894 (or go to http://www.DreAllDay.com/Text) Work On Your Game University: http://www.WorkOnYourGameUniversity.com  Sponsor: AG1 by Athletic Greens: http://drinkAG1.com/WORKONYOURGAME  Get Dre's Emails FREE:  Http://WorkOnMyGame.com  Free Audiobooks:  The Third Day: http://www.ThirdDayBook.com/audible The Mirror Of Motivation: http://www.MirrorOfMotivation.com/audible Get The Free Books: The Third Day: http://ThirdDayBook.com  The Mirror Of Motivation: http://MirrorOfMotivation.com The Overseas Basketball Blueprint: http://BallOverseas.com  Basketball: How To Play As Well As You Practice: http://HoopHandbook.com/Free  Donate:  CashApp: http://Cash.app/$DreBaldwin  PayPal: http://PayPal.me/DreAllDay  Be sure to Subscribe to have each new episode sent directly to you daily! If you're enjoying Work On Your Game, please Review the show and let us know!  Dre on social media: Instagram [http://instagram.com/DreBaldwin] Facebook [http://Facebook.com/WorkOnYourGameUniversity] Twitter / X [http://X.com/DreAllDay] YouTube [http://youtube.com/dreupt]  Facebook Business Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/6figuresandgrowing/  All Episodes + FULL Work On Your Game Podcast archive at:  http://WorkOnYourGamePodcast.com

Isabel Brown is a full-time live-streamer and independent content creator, giving a voice to Generation Z breaking down culture's most important topics to thousands of viewers in a real-time, authentic format. Isabel's streams and other content reach millions of people around the world daily. She published her first book, Frontlines: Finding My Voice on an American College Campus, in February 2021, and regularly speaks on high school and college campuses and to activism organizations worldwide. You may recognize her from the cover of Newsweek magazine or her regular appearances on national and international television and radio! Isabel lives in Miami and loves adventure with her fiancé and Corgi, Liberty.WATCH FULL INTERVIEW: https://rumble.com/v4sjmp8-shocking-truths-and-statistics-will-gen-z-turn-back-to-god-and-save-america.htmlTO WATCH ALL FLYOVER CLIPS -https://flyover.live/media/series/hxk7rym/flyover-clipsIsabel BrownRUMBLE: https://rumble.com/c/theisabelbrownINSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/theisabelbrown/YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/@theisabelbrownBOOK: https://a.co/d/cAyQfVT -------------------------------------------

We journey to the cold waters of the North Sea for Jenny to tell the famed story of the Nuckelavee as captured by farmer and folklorist Walter Trail Dennison. The nuckelavee is a skinless horse who haunts Orkney's coasts, terrifying travelers. He also brings blight and plague to crops, livestock and even humans with his terrible toxic breath. Meanwhile, Annie will do anything to avoid the nuckelavee, including summoning the ancient Sea Mither to ensure the nuckelavee is trapped for summer.Independently made in the Highlands, Stories of Scotland is gratefully funded through listener support on Patreon.www.patreon.com/storiesofscotlandCome and see Annie's play! The Wound, the Rag and the In-Between follows a Highland journalist as she unravels a Victorian death. She exposes secrets that had been buried for generations. By the clootie tree, in a place meant for recovery and wellbeing, tragic forces are looming, ever-present. Book online at: https://eden-court.co.uk/event/the-wound-the-rag-and-the-in-between   Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Today's episode is a fun one that will hopefully get you really THINKING & potentially even taking a different perspective on where your focus is right now because we're talking about something that's been on my mind a lot lately—> the cultural obsession with productivity, growth, and healing. While ALL of these things are important (& there are definitely CRUCIAL to fulfillment)… sometimes they need to come in SEASONS. There is a line we need to INDEPENDENTLY determine, of when we are crossing to the point we're missing out on LIVING. The need to constantly be productive or GROWING or healing in order to feel worthy of success, or happiness is something we're unpacking today! Really excited to hear your take on this one! Ways to connect outside of the podcast: Join our empowerHER text community! Text “START” to 512-548-2728 for FREE daily inspo, juicy news, and fun perks sent straight to your phone!Connect with me on Instagram: @kacia.ghetmiri | @empowerher.podcast& come check out our new YouTube channel: EmpowerHER Podcast

Annie and Jenny return to their beloved bogs to have a look at human bodies that have been buried and preserved in peat. From Bronze Age mummies, to the Gunnister Man's unique knitted garments, we examine the human remains and artefacts that have been excavated from bogs. We tell the tragic history of Betty Corrigall, a young woman buried on the boundary between two parishes. Thanks to Orkney Archives and the National Museum of Scotland for answering some strange questions about bog bodies. Come and see Annie's play! The Wound, the Rag and the In-Between follows a Highland journalist as she unravels a Victorian death. She exposes secrets that had been buried for generations. By the clootie tree, in a place meant for recovery and wellbeing, tragic forces are looming, ever-present. Book online at: https://eden-court.co.uk/event/the-wound-the-rag-and-the-in-between  Independently made in the Highlands, Stories of Scotland is gratefully funded through listener support on Patreon.www.patreon.com/storiesofscotland Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Eric Peters of EPAutos.com joins Gard Goldsmith to break down the electric Vehicle grift as well as the continual gaslighting of the American Public when it comes to “emissions” and more. Go to www.theDavidKnightShow.com for more, and watch Gardner each M-F with Liberty Conspiracy, at 6 PM, on Rumble, Rokfin, and Gard's X @gardgoldsmith For 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to TrendsJournal.com and enter the code KNIGHT Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.comIf you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Money is only what YOU hold: Go to DavidKnight.gold for great deals on physical gold/silver

From the Fortress of Shadows just off the Isle of Skye, to the Palace of Dreams in Arthurian legends, Jenny and Annie visit the homes of warrior women. Jenny begins with folklore and mythology of Sgàthach, sometimes called the Shadow, or the Striker of Fear, and we learn how she was the greatest teacher of warriors in all the world. Next, Annie takes us to a strange Arthurian story about a woman of King Arthur's dreams and how one of the Knights of the Round Table must make an incredible journey to find her. Between the swooshing weapons of these two warrior women, we look at the strength, strategy and second sight of these incredible legends. Borrowing from the Ulster Cycle of the Irish heroic sagas, and the Scottish Gaelic song Am Bròn Binn, from Dunscaith Castle to the halls of the King of Scotland, these stories still inspire wonder and awe to this day. We hope you enjoy!Independently made in the Highlands, Stories of Scotland is gratefully funded through listener support on Patreon.www.patreon.com/storiesofscotland Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.