Podcasts about Huygens

La existencia de Marte como un objeto errante en el cielo nocturno fue registrada por antiguos astrónomos egipcios. En el segundo milenio a. C. estaban familiarizados con el aparente movimiento retrógrado del planeta, que parece moverse en dirección opuesta a través del cielo. En el período del Imperio neobabilónico, los astrónomos realizaban observaciones sistemáticas de las posiciones y el comportamiento de los planetas. Sabían que Marte realiza 37 períodos sinódicos, o 42 circuitos del zodíaco cada 79 años. Los babilonios inventaron métodos aritméticos para realizar pequeñas correcciones a las posiciones predichas de los planetas. Los registros chinos sobre las apariciones y movimientos de Marte aparecieron antes de la fundación de la dinastía Zhou (1045 a. C.). Durante la dinastía Qin (221 a. C.) los astrónomos mantuvieron registros cercanos de las conjunciones planetarias, incluidas las de Marte. Las ocultaciones de Marte por Venus se observaron en los años 368, 375 y 405.​ El período y el movimiento de la órbita del planeta fue conocido en detalle durante la dinastía Tang (618 a. C.). La temprana astronomía de la Antigua Grecia fue influenciada por el conocimiento transmitido de la cultura mesopotámica. Los babilonios asociaron a Marte con Nergal, su dios de la guerra, y los griegos conectaron al planeta con su dios de la guerra, Ares. Los griegos usaron la palabra planēton para referirse a los siete cuerpos celestes que se movían con respecto a las estrellas de fondo y tenían una visión geocéntrica del firmamento, es decir, consideraban que estos cuerpos se movían alrededor de la Tierra. Aristóteles, estudioso de Platón, observó una ocultación de Marte por la Luna en 365 a. C. De esta observación concluyó que Marte está más alejado de la Tierra que la Luna. En el Egipto romano durante el siglo II d. C., Claudio Ptolomeo trató de abordar el problema del movimiento orbital de Marte. Las observaciones de Marte habían mostrado que el planeta parecía moverse un 40% más rápido en un lado de su órbita que en el otro. Esto entraba en conflicto con el modelo aristotélico del movimiento uniforme. Ptolomeo modificó el modelo del movimiento planetario añadiendo un punto desplazado desde el centro de la órbita circular del planeta alrededor del cual el planeta se mueve a una velocidad uniforme de rotación. Propuso que el orden de los planetas, al aumentar la distancia, era: la Luna, Mercurio, Venus, Sol, Marte, Júpiter, Saturno y las estrellas fijas.​ El modelo de Ptolomeo se convirtió en el tratado autoritario sobre la astronomía occidental durante los catorce siglos siguientes. En 1543, Nicolás Copérnico publicó un modelo heliocéntrico en su obra De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium. Este enfoque colocó a la Tierra en una órbita alrededor del Sol entre las órbitas circulares de Venus y Marte. Su modelo explicó con éxito por qué los planetas Marte, Júpiter y Saturno estaban en el lado opuesto del cielo desde el Sol cuando estaban en medio de sus movimientos retrógrados. Copérnico fue capaz de ordenar a los planetas en su orden heliocéntrico de forma correcta basado únicamente en el período de sus órbitas alrededor del Sol. El 13 de octubre de 1590, el astrónomo alemán Michael Maestlin observó una ocultación de Marte por Venus.​ Uno de sus alumnos, Johannes Kepler, rápidamente se convirtió en un seguidor del sistema copernicano. Tras la finalización de su educación, Kepler se convirtió en asistente del noble y astrónomo danés Tycho Brahe. Al no conseguir encajar el movimiento de Marte en una órbita circular como requería Copérnico, Kepler logró equiparar las observaciones de Tycho asumiendo que la órbita era una elipse y el Sol estaba localizado en uno de los focos. Su modelo se convirtió en la base de las leyes de Kepler del movimiento planetario, publicadas en su trabajo Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae entre 1615 y 1621. Marte es demasiado pequeño para poder verlo a simple vista.​ Galileo Galilei fue la primera persona que utilizó un telescopio para realizar observaciones astronómicas y comenzó a observar Marte en septiembre de 1610.​ Este instrumento era demasiado primitivo para mostrar cualquier detalle superficial en el planeta,​ por lo que se fijó el objetivo de ver si Marte exhibía fases de oscuridad parcial similar a Venus o la Luna. La primera persona en dibujar un mapa de Marte que mostraba características del terreno fue el astrónomo holandés Christiaan Huygens. El 28 de noviembre de 1659 hizo una ilustración de Marte que mostró la región oscura distinta, conocida ahora como Syrtis Major, y posiblemente una de las capas polares.​ El mismo año logró medir el período de rotación del planeta, calculando aproximadamente 24 horas.​ Hizo una estimación aproximada del diámetro de Marte, suponiendo que es aproximadamente el 60% del tamaño de la Tierra, lo cual se acerca al valor moderno del 53%. El italiano Giovanni Cassini fue probablemente el primero en mencionar la capa polar sur de Marte, en 1666. En ese mismo año, utilizó observaciones de las marcas de superficie en Marte para determinar un período de rotación de 24 horas 40 minutos. Esto difiere del valor actualmente aceptado en menos de tres minutos. En 1672, Huygens observó un casquillo blanco borroso en el polo norte. El astrónomo británico de origen alemán Sir William Herschel comenzó a hacer observaciones del planeta Marte en 1777. En 1781, estimó el período de rotación de Marte en 24 horas 39 minutos y 21,67 segundos y midió la inclinación axial de los polos en 28,5°. Eno/Moebius/Roedelius, Ben Prunty, Martin Stürtzer, Rene de Bakker, Star Sounds Orchestra, yttriphie, Michael Neil, Brannan Lane & Davis Branch, David Helpling & Eric "the" Taylor, Christian Halten & Michael Stearns, Erik Wøllo. 🎧 El playlist detallado: lostfrontier.org/space.html#1050.

Pocas cosas hay más resbaladizas que medir el transcurso del tiempo, pero, a pesar de ello, desde la antigüedad los seres humanos lo han intentado. Uno de los primeros instrumentos dedicados a esta tarea fue el reloj de sol, sencillo y económico, que fue perfeccionándose para adaptarse a diferentes latitudes y longitudes. Pero su dependencia del sol lo hacía inútil en días nublados o de noche. Para superar estas limitaciones surgieron otros dispositivos como la clepsidra de agua, los bastoncillos combustibles y el reloj de arena. La clepsidra, basada en la caída constante del agua por gravedad, fue un invento muy ingenioso que evolucionó desde simples vasijas perforadas hasta sistemas que activaban mecanismos para señalar las horas. Estos instrumentos, aunque útiles para medir fracciones de tiempo, requerían mantenimiento constante y tenían serias limitaciones para la medición continua. Durante siglos, los relojes de sol, agua y arena fueron suficientes, pero las dificultades prácticas impulsaron la invención del reloj mecánico en Europa en el siglo XIII. Este avance no se debió únicamente al clima, como se suele argumentar, ya que Europa tiene regiones soleadas y el problema del hielo existía en otras partes del mundo. La clave estuvo en la mentalidad innovadora de la Europa medieval, que veía en las máquinas soluciones a los desafíos ambientales. Tenemos ejemplos como los molinos de agua y viento, o los mecanismos para tocar campanas en iglesias. El reloj mecánico nació con un invento concreto: el mecanismo de escape de varilla con balancín, probablemente en un monasterio. Los primeros relojes, aparecidos hacia 1275, eran grandes estructuras de pesos y engranajes sin esfera que tocaban campanas para marcar las horas. Su difusión coincidió con la expansión urbana, las universidades y las catedrales góticas de los siglos XIII y XIV. Todas las principales ciudades de Europa occidental instalaron relojes públicos, que no solo organizaban la vida urbana, sino que también conferían prestigio. Pero su alto precio y las exigencias de mantenimiento los reservaban para ciudades ricas. Estos primeros relojes eran imprecisos, tenían desviaciones de hasta media hora diaria, y frecuentemente se averiaban. A pesar de esto, los relojeros innovaron añadiendo complicaciones astronómicas y autómatas, como el célebre reloj de Estrasburgo que mostraba movimientos planetarios y figuras animadas. En el siglo XV, la invención del muelle permitió crear relojes portátiles que fueron miniaturizándose aún más hasta convertirse en dispositivos de bolsillo. En los siglos XVI y XVII, la relojería se profesionalizó, con centros de producción en Augsburgo, Nuremberg, Ginebra y Londres. La demanda creciente, impulsada por una clase urbana acomodada, fomentó la innovación y la producción en masa, reduciendo los costes de fabricación y el precio final. En el siglo XVII el péndulo de Huygens y el escape de ancla mejoraron notablemente la precisión. El cronómetro marino de John Harrison resolvió el problema de la longitud en la navegación. El siglo XIX industrializó la relojería, con marcas como Tissot e Ingersoll que empezaron a producir relojes en serie a precios asequibles. En el siglo XX, los relojes de pulsera, los automáticos y los de cuarzo inventados por Seiko se apoderaron del mercado. Hoy, los relojes inteligentes, como el Apple Watch, integran múltiples funciones, pero todos parten de la misma idea: medir el tiempo para hacernos la vida más cómoda. En El ContraSello 0:00 Introducción 03:52 La medida del tiempo 1:13:02 El "drang nach osten" 1:19:52 El periodo Sengoku en Japón Bibliografía: - "Las manos del tiempo" de Rebecca Struthers - https://amzn.to/437E7Em - "La historia y mecánica del tiempo" de Marcelino Rodríguez Martín - https://amzn.to/3YD5a9o - "El estilo del tiempo" de Mara Cappelletti - https://amzn.to/3RWzdVN - "History of Watches" de Paul Kaplan - https://amzn.to/43lXbjC · Canal de Telegram: https://t.me/lacontracronica · “Contra la Revolución Francesa”… https://amzn.to/4aF0LpZ · “Hispanos. Breve historia de los pueblos de habla hispana”… https://amzn.to/428js1G · “La ContraHistoria de España. 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En nuestro anterior podcast grabado precisamente el 21 de abril, fecha en la que oficialmente murió el papa Francisco les empezamos a hablar de los constructores de números. No encontramos casual que el papa falleciese exactamente ese dia, ya que no es un día cualquiera. Es el Natalis Romae, el aniversario fundacional de Roma, ciudad que desde hace más de dos mil años ha sido el epicentro del poder político, religioso y simbólico de Occidente. Y precisamente hoy, en esta fecha cargada de ritual y resonancia, muere el Papa Francisco. En plena resurrección de Jesucristo, uno muere y el otro renace. ¿Casualidad? En este podcast, ya sabéis que no creemos en ellas. Hoy, en Buscadores de la Verdad, vamos a descifrar lo que muchos pasarán por alto: la profunda e inquietante importancia del número 8 en la vida, el legado y la muerte del Papa. Francisco fue el primer Papa jesuita, el primero procedente de América, el Papa de la Agenda 2030, de las vacunas, de la simplificación de los rituales. Un Papa atípico. Y, como veremos, un Papa marcado por el 8 desde el principio hasta el final. Nació un 17 de diciembre de 1936. Fallece un 21 de abril de 2025. 88 años y 125 días después. Un doble 8 y un 1+2+5 = 8. El símbolo del infinito. El equilibrio kármico. El reinicio del ciclo. Pero no acaba ahí: convertido en el octavo Papa enterrado en Santa María la Mayor, bajo un escudo papal alterado misteriosamente para exhibir una estrella de ocho puntas, su historia está plagada de estos guiños numéricos que parecen trazados por una mano invisible. En este episodio vamos a hablar de arquitectura oculta, de rituales milenarios, de cómo la elite que gobierna entre bambalinas utiliza los números y los símbolos como herramientas para construir la realidad. Y en este caso, el número 8 aparece como la clave de todo. Porque cuando entiendes el lenguaje oculto de los que mandan, sabes que todo está diseñado. Desde las fechas, hasta los funerales. Desde los escudos hasta los silencios del Vaticano. El 21 de abril, Roma celebra su nacimiento... y el Vaticano entierra a su Papa más simbólico. La era de Francisco se cierra en un ciclo perfecto, sellado con un 8. ¿Qué se abre ahora? ¿Qué nuevo paradigma se está gestando en la sombra? Prácticamente desde el principio de este podcast, en el UTP8 Universo fractal ya tratamos la importancia de los números y como estos crean la realidad que vivimos. Son, como dijimos en el anterior podcast, los ladrillos del universo. Leere unos pasajes de la tesina “Los conjuntos numéricos a través de la historia” de Veronica Valdez: “En el pasado la matemática fue considerada una ciencia relacionada directamente a las cantidades, en relación con las magnitudes (desde la geometria); a los números (desde la aritmética) o a la generalización de los dos (desde el álgebra). Las primeras nociones de número y la acción de contar datan de la prehistoria. La causa que originó el desarrollo de este conocimiento en el hombre primitivo fue su necesidad de proteger sus bienes, la adaptación a los ciclos que la madre naturaleza le imponía le aseguraban su alimentación. El hombre prehistórico plasmó los primeros indicios matemáticos en sus vasijas (dibujos geométricos) y sus primeros sistemas de cálculos se basaron en el uso de los dedos de las manos o la utilización del cuerpo, este método resulta evidente al ver que muchos de los sistemas de numeración son de base 5 o 10.” Fueron los egipcios en el tercer milenio antes de cristo los que desarrollan unas matemáticas más avanzadas llegando a plantear problemas complejos como el calculo de superficies, lo cual era vital para el reparto de la tierra fértil fecundada por las crecidas del Nilo. La tierra se movia y cambiaba ligeramente de aspecto y era imprescindible para que reinase el orden que dicho reparto fuera lo mas ajustado a derecho posible. Luego los romanos mejoraron hasta cierto aspecto el uso de jeroglíficos de los egipcios por simples letras. En ese momento se seguía utilizando todavía el sistema babilónico que consistía en escribir en tablillas de arcilla utilizando un palito en forma de cuña. Una cuña apuntaba hacia abajo y la otro hacia la izquierda. El problema consistia en que era un sistema con solo 60 números, lo cual limitaba mucho el calculo mental. Los babilonios utilizaban, eso si, la forma en que cada dígito tenia un valor disitinto dependiendo de la posición que ocupase. El primer sistema matematico que utilizo al mismo tiempo el principio posicional y el cero fue el sistema de los mayas. “En este sistema 1 kin (sol) representa un día, 20 kines forman un huinal. Como 20 huinales representan 400 días, lo cual es mucho mayor que la duración exacta del año (este sistema fue utilizado para cálculos astronómicos), los mayas llamaron tun a 18 huinales, o 360 días. Excepto por este nivel, el resto del sistema es vigesimal.” “No se tiene conocimiento con exactitud cómo surgió, pero se sabe que fue un sistema de numeración mejorado por los hindúes y los árabes lo llevaron a Europa. De esta forma a las cifras se las llamó árabes debido a su origen, de la misma manera que escribirlas de derecha a izquierda (unidad, decena, centena, etc.) Hacia el año 976 Gerberto Aurillac (futuro Papa) conoce las primeras cifras en España, que ya estaba influenciada por la cultura musulmana, pero su influencia fue limitada. En el siglo XII se conoce las primeras traducciones al latin de las obras de un matemático árabe al- Jwarizmi, de quien se conocen los términos algoritmo y guarismo; de esta forma las cifras árabes comienzan a introducirse en el círculo culto europeo. En el año 1202, Fibonacci publica el "Libro del ábaco" que acopía y amplia las cifras y los procedimientos de cálculo utilizados por los árabes. Durante este siglo se consolidó la aritmética decimal sobre todo en los concerniente a las actividades comerciales. Sin embargo el método árabe y sus ventajas para calcular debieron sortear varios inconvenientes por parte de los calculistas de la época que ante la amenaza de un nuevo método mucho más sencillo, que atentaba supuestamente a su fuente de trabajo, recurrieron a estrategias bajas como hacer correr el rumor que el sistema de cálculo árabe tan sencillo, debía tener algo de magia o un cierto poder demoníaco. Esta acusación fue astutamente utilizada en la época de la Inquisición. Recién a fines del siglo XVI con Montaigne comenzó a abrirse paso nuevamente el sistema de numeración árabe y finalmente se generalizó con la Revolución Francesa. A partir de dicho momento histórico se comenzó a utilizar al 10 como base del sistema métrico decimal.” Con todo este resumen vengo a comentar que el enorme poder de los números estaba en poquísimas manos hasta bien entrado siglo 16 y que para ese entonces muchos de los secretos y la simbología que escondían estos paso a ser solo aprendido en las sectas, en las logias y en las futuras universidades que estaban también creadas por los mismos. LA EDUCACION según Lord Bertrand Russell en su obra "La Perspectiva Científica", 1931, nos dice: "Los jesuitas proporcionan una clase de educación a los niños que han de ser hombres corrientes en el mundo, y otra distinta a áquellos que han de llegar a ser miembros de la Compañía de Jesús. De análoga manera, los gobernantes científicos proporcionarán un género de educación a los hombres y mujeres corrientes, y otro diferente a aquéllos que hayan de ser el poder científico. Los hombres y mujeres corrientes es de esperar que sean dóciles, diligentes, puntuales, de poco pensar y que se sientan satisfechos. Por otro lado, aquellos niños y niñas que estén destinados a ser miembros de la clase gobernante, recibirán una educación muy diferente. Serán seleccionados, algunos antes de nacer, otros durante los primeros tres años de vida, y unos pocos entre los tres y seis años. Toda la ciencia conocida se aplicará al desarrollo simultáneo de su inteligencia y de su voluntad. ….." Y es que para todos la ciencia ha sido creada supuestamente por científicos, ¿no? Uno de los parangones mundiales es la Royal Society fundada el 28 de noviembre de 1660 en Londres. Sus fundadores fueron un grupo de 12 científicos y pensadores, entre los que destacan Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins y William Petty. Lo que no nos cuentan es que el milenarismo y la cábala estaba en los orígenes de la Royal Society. Pero como escribió Boyle, los científicos, "sacerdotes de la naturaleza", habrían de adquirir, durante el milenio, "un conocimiento mucho mayor del que Adán pudo tener del maravilloso universo de Dios". Esta afirmación supone que, en la expectativa de Boyle, la ciencia permitiría alcanzar un estadio más avanzado que el presupuesto por la condición adánica, y acceder, en cierto modo, a la condición divina. Con palabras de la serpiente a Eva, ya había asegurado Bacon en la Nueva Atlántida que algún día los hombres serían como dioses, y ésta habría de ser, decía Lewis Mumford, "la meta final no declarada de la ciencia moderna”. (Noble 1999, pág 88). Dentro de la UNED (la universidad a distancia en España) podemos leer un texto titulado “LA ROYAL SOCIETY Y LA MASONERÍA” que dice asi: “La Royal Society se origina cuando doce hombres cultivados adoptaron la costumbre, poco después de 1640, de reunirse esporádicamente en Londres para conversar y discutir en la residencia de uno de ellos o bien en una taberna próxima al Gresham College. Al poco tiempo, bajo patrocinio del monarca, decidieron crear una asociación para el estudio de los mecanismos de la naturaleza. Para asegurarse de que los dogmas no fueran un obstáculo, desterraron de sus asambleas toda discusión de tintes religiosos y políticos. Y eso a pesar de que los doce fundadores diferían tanto en cuestiones políticas y religiosas, como en experiencia científica y rango social. Entre los nombres de los primeros miembros de la Royal Society se encuentran científicos que dieron nombre a sus descubrimientos; así, la Ley de Hooke, la Ley de Boyle, la construcción de Huygens, las leyes de Newton, el movimiento browniano, y esto sin contar a científicos de menor talla como Christopher Wren, John Eveyn, John Wilkins, Elias Ashmole, John Flamsteed o Edmund Halley. Sin embargo, los hombres que fundaron esta Sociedad no sólo fueron los primeros científicos, sino, al mismo tiempo, los últimos "magos". De hecho, Ashmole pertenecía a una sociedad de rosacruces y practicaba la astrología, Newton estudió y escribió acerca de los conceptos alquímicos de los rosacruces, y Hooke llevó a cabo experimentos con arañas y cuernos de unicornio.” Mucho antes John Dee, el asesor de la reina Isabel I de Inglaterra aunque no participó directamente en la creación de la Royal Society, su legado como defensor de las matemáticas, la navegación y el conocimiento empírico influyó en el ambiente intelectual que dio lugar a esta institución. Su reputación como "mago" y las acusaciones de nigromancia reflejan la percepción de sus prácticas herméticas y adivinatorias, que, aunque controvertidas, eran parte de su búsqueda de conocimiento universal. Recordemos que hoy dia podemos ver en el museo de Londres su piedra de obsidiana negra donde el mismo reconocía que veía a seres de otro mundo con los que decia comunicarse. Dee creo el alfabeto enoquiano, también conocido como el "lenguaje angélico" o "alfabeto mágico" desarrollado por Dee y su colaborador Edward Kelley durante sus sesiones de videncia (scrying) en la década de 1580. Mientras Isabel I valoraba a Dee como consejero (eligió la fecha de su coronación en 1559 basándose en sus cálculos astrológicos), otros lo veían como un charlatán peligroso. Su casa fue saqueada tras su partida a Europa en 1583, y bajo Jacobo I, enemigo de la brujería, Dee perdió ese trato de favor. Su imagen como "mago" inspiró personajes como Próspero en La Tempestad de Shakespeare y perduró en la cultura popular, como en la ópera de Damon Albarn o la canción de Iron Maiden “El Alquimista”. Termino esta entradilla con otro texto de Lord Bertrand Russell extraído de su obra, "El Impacto de la Ciencia en la Sociedad", 1951: "Aunque esta ciencia será estudiada con diligencia, deberá reservarse estrictamente a la clase gobernante. Al populacho no habrá de permitírsele saber cómo fueron generadas sus convicciones. Una vez perfeccionada la técnica, cada gobierno que haya estado a cargo de la educación por una generación, podrá controlar a sus sujetos de forma segura, sin la necesidad de recurrir a ejércitos ni policías. Actualmente, la población del mundo crece a razón de unos 58.000 individuos por día. La guerra, hasta ahora, no ha tenido un gran efecto en este crecimiento, que continuó a lo largo de cada una de las dos guerras mundiales... La guerra hasta la fecha ha sido decepcionante al respecto... pero quizás la guerra bacteriológica resultare más efectiva. Si una peste negra se propagare una vez en cada generación, los sobrevivientes podrían procrear libremente sin llenar al mundo demasiado... La situación seguramente sería poco placentera, pero, ¿qué importa?" ………………………………………………………………………………………. Imagina por un momento que entras en una antigua ciudad del sur de Italia, hace más de dos mil quinientos años. Calles de piedra, templos consagrados a dioses griegos... y una puerta. Una puerta modesta, sin adornos ostentosos, pero con una inscripción grabada con precisión geométrica: "No entre aquí quien no sepa geometría”. Estás ante la escuela de los pitagóricos, una de las sociedades más enigmáticas de la historia antigua. Fundada por Pitágoras de Samos, no era solo una escuela de matemáticas, como a veces se enseña en las aulas. Era una hermandad. Una especie de secta del conocimiento, donde los números eran algo más que herramientas: eran divinidades, principios cósmicos, claves para entender el alma del universo. Los pitagóricos creían que todo en la naturaleza —el movimiento de los astros, los ciclos vitales, incluso la música— respondía a proporciones numéricas. El número uno simbolizaba la unidad, el origen. El dos, la dualidad, lo femenino. El tres, la perfección. El cuatro, la justicia. Y el diez... el número perfecto, resultado de sumar 1+2+3+4. Un número sagrado. Este triángulo tiene cuatro filas y, si las cuentas todas, suma diez puntos. Ese número —el 10— era considerado el número perfecto por los pitagóricos, porque resultaba de la suma de los cuatro primeros números naturales: 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 Pero esto no era solo una curiosidad matemática. Cada número tenía un significado simbólico y cosmológico: 1 representaba la unidad, el origen, el punto de partida de toda existencia. 2 simbolizaba la dualidad: luz y oscuridad, masculino y femenino, arriba y abajo. 3 era la tríada perfecta, el equilibrio entre los opuestos (principio muy común también en filosofías orientales). 4 simbolizaba la estabilidad, los cuatro elementos (tierra, agua, aire y fuego), las cuatro estaciones, los puntos cardinales. Así, la Tetraktys se convertía en un resumen místico del universo: todo lo que existe puede explicarse a través de esta progresión sagrada. No era un simple dibujo. Los pitagóricos juraban sobre la Tetraktys, como otros juran sobre la Biblia o una constitución. Su fórmula era: "Juro por el que entregó a nuestra alma la Tetraktys, fuente que contiene en sí la raíz y fuente de la eterna naturaleza." ¿Lo notas? No están hablando solo de matemáticas. Están hablando de la naturaleza eterna, de algo fundamental que estructura el cosmos. Este juramento era una especie de sacramento, una alianza con la armonía universal. Utilizaban símbolos que aún hoy reconocemos. La estrella pentagonal, también conocida como pentagrama, era para ellos un emblema de perfección y salud. Cada ángulo de la estrella formaba la razón áurea, ese número casi mágico que sigue apareciendo en la naturaleza, en la arquitectura, en el arte… y, para algunos, incluso en el diseño de logotipos de poderosas organizaciones contemporáneas. Y aquí es donde la cosa se pone interesante. Los pitagóricos dividían a sus miembros en dos categorías: los akusmáticos, que solo escuchaban y obedecían sin cuestionar, y los matemáticos, que accedían a las enseñanzas ocultas. Este modelo jerárquico, basado en el secreto y la iniciación progresiva, suena familiar. Muy familiar. ¿A qué otras organizaciones te recuerda? Algunas sociedades secretas modernas —como ciertas logias masónicas— han heredado no solo la estructura iniciática, sino también muchos símbolos y conceptos pitagóricos. La estrella de cinco puntas, el ojo que todo lo ve, el uso de números y proporciones sagradas, la idea de que el verdadero conocimiento no debe estar al alcance de todos, sino reservado para una élite que lo custodia. La Tetraktys no desapareció con la caída de los pitagóricos. Su simbolismo se filtró a través de corrientes esotéricas posteriores. Por ejemplo: En la Cábala judía, el Árbol de la Vida también parte de una estructura numérica y jerárquica del universo. En la masonería, aunque no se usa directamente la Tetraktys, la idea del triángulo sagrado, la progresión simbólica del número y la veneración de la geometría sagrada están muy presentes. En el hermetismo y el neoplatonismo, se reutiliza el simbolismo pitagórico para hablar de los planos de existencia, del alma y del conocimiento secreto. Incluso en el mundo moderno, algunos investigadores creen que ciertos símbolos corporativos y arquitectónicos siguen patrones de proporción y estructura que tienen su origen, directa o indirectamente, en la Tetraktys. La Tetraktys no era un dibujo bonito. Era una clave esotérica. Un mandala numérico. Una representación del orden invisible que rige el universo. Para los pitagóricos, entenderla era un paso hacia la iluminación intelectual y espiritual. Y ahora, volvamos a los números. Porque hay una historia que suele pasar desapercibida en los libros de texto... Se cuenta que los pitagóricos sabían más de lo que enseñaban. Por ejemplo, que ocultaron deliberadamente conceptos como los números negativos. ¿Por qué? Porque esos números, que hoy usamos sin pensar, eran perturbadores. ¿Cómo podía existir algo menos que nada? ¿Cómo explicar al pueblo llano la idea de restar una cantidad mayor a una menor y obtener un resultado real, aunque invisible? La respuesta fue simple: lo escondieron. Evitaron esas operaciones, redefinieron los problemas, o simplemente los consideraron imposibles. Para ellos, un universo perfecto no podía contener números "erróneos", "oscuros" o "negativos". Así de poderosa era su creencia en la armonía matemática del mundo. Y ahora piensa en esto: ¿cuántas cosas damos hoy por verdaderas sin entenderlas? ¿Cuántas ideas nos han sido negadas por parecer “imposibles”? La sombra de los pitagóricos es alargada. Y si miras con atención, quizá todavía la veas en las instituciones que dirigen el conocimiento, en los rituales simbólicos que acompañan actos de poder, o incluso… en las matemáticas que se enseñan en nuestras escuelas. Porque como decía otro sabio antiguo: la ignorancia no es falta de información, sino la imposición del silencio. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Los terrenos donde se construyó Washington, D.C., eran parte de una zona conocida como "Rome" (Roma) antes de que se estableciera la capital de Estados Unidos. Este nombre se debe a que, en el siglo XVII, un terrateniente llamado Francis Pope, quien era propietario de una parcela en la zona, nombró su propiedad "Rome" en un guiño humorístico a la ciudad de Roma, Italia, y al río Tíber, comparándolo con el río Anacostia o el Potomac. Incluso se dice que Pope se autoproclamó "Papa de Roma" en tono jocoso. Cuando se decidió construir la nueva capital federal en 1790, los terrenos de "Rome" fueron parte de las tierras cedidas por Maryland para crear el Distrito de Columbia. Sin embargo, el nombre "Rome" cayó en desuso con el desarrollo de la ciudad planificada por Pierre Charles L'Enfant y la adopción del nombre "Washington" en honor a George Washington. El hombre que recibió el encargo de diseñar la nueva capital de Estados Unidos en 1791 fue Pierre Charles L’Enfant, un arquitecto y urbanista nacido en Francia que había luchado en la Guerra de Independencia estadounidense junto a George Washington. Era un apasionado de la arquitectura monumental y tenía una visión muy clara: la ciudad debía ser una representación del nuevo orden del mundo. Aunque no hay registros definitivos que lo identifiquen como masón —al contrario que muchos de sus contemporáneos como George Washington, Benjamin Franklin o Thomas Jefferson—, su diseño está repleto de símbolos que son clave en la tradición masónica y pitagórica. Esto ha llevado a muchos estudiosos a pensar que, si no era miembro formal de la masonería, al menos estaba fuertemente influenciado por ella. Cuando observamos desde el aire (o en un plano detallado) el trazado urbano de Washington D.C., comienzan a aparecer formas geométricas muy específicas que nos indican el uso de la geometría sagrada en el plano de la ciudad: La estrella de cinco puntas Una de las figuras más debatidas del diseño de Washington es la estrella pentagonal (el pentagrama), que muchos dicen puede verse trazando líneas entre la Casa Blanca, el Capitolio, y varios otros puntos clave como el Washington Monument y el Jefferson Memorial. El pentagrama es un símbolo ancestral que los pitagóricos veneraban como representación del equilibrio, la salud y la proporción áurea. Los masones lo heredaron y lo usan como símbolo del hombre perfecto, microcosmos del universo. La escuadra y el compás Estos dos instrumentos, esenciales en la arquitectura, son símbolos masónicos por excelencia. La escuadra representa la rectitud moral y el compás, los límites que uno debe imponer a sus pasiones. En el plano de Washington, las avenidas diagonales que cruzan la cuadrícula ortogonal tradicional parecen estar trazadas con escuadra y compás. Por ejemplo, Pensylvania Avenue y Maryland Avenue se cruzan formando ángulos casi rituales, como si fuesen dibujadas con instrumentos de aprendiz de logia. El triángulo y la Tetraktys Al unir algunos de los puntos clave de la ciudad se forman triángulos equiláteros y escaleno, que recuerdan tanto a la Tetraktys pitagórica como al Delta radiante masónico, el triángulo con el ojo que todo lo ve en su interior. Washington D.C. no fue construida al azar. Su disposición recuerda más a la de un templo iniciático que a la de una ciudad práctica. Cada monumento, cada calle y cada eje visual parece tener una función simbólica. La ciudad se convierte así en un espacio ritualizado, diseñado para canalizar no solo el poder político, sino el espiritual. Esto concuerda con la visión de muchos de los Padres Fundadores, que eran masones y creían en una forma de deísmo ilustrado, donde Dios no era el dios de una religión concreta, sino el Gran Arquitecto del Universo, la divinidad racional que había creado el cosmos a través de leyes matemáticas y geométricas. Hay quienes consideran todas estas conexiones como meras coincidencias. Pero otros —historiadores, ocultistas, arquitectos, e incluso funcionarios del propio Capitolio— han reconocido que la influencia masónica en el diseño de Washington D.C. no puede negarse. George Washington, masón de alto grado, puso la primera piedra del Capitolio en una ceremonia masónica el 18 de septiembre de 1793, vistiendo su delantal de logia. La colocación de monumentos, obeliscos (como el del Washington Monument) y referencias astrológicas refuerzan la idea de que la ciudad está alineada no solo con principios políticos, sino con principios cósmicos. Washington sigue siendo una ciudad codificada. Muchos de sus símbolos están a la vista, pero pocos los reconocen. El diseño original de L’Enfant fue alterado con el tiempo, sí, pero los patrones geométricos centrales permanecen. Y algunos sostienen que el espíritu de los antiguos pitagóricos, con su amor por los números sagrados y la geometría divina, vive hoy en las estructuras de poder moderno… solo que oculto entre calles, columnas y monumentos. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Bueno y me despido con algunas de mis ultimas Frases_UTP, ya saben, esas perlas que voy soltando de vez en cuando y que tienen agrupadas en Twitter bajo ese hastag: “Somos jockeys ocasionales de almas inmanentes, montando a galope los corceles efímeros de nuestra existencia terrenal, en un fugaz viaje donde el viento del tiempo susurra nuestra impermanencia y la tierra guarda el eco de nuestras huellas pasajeras." “Tanto el sabio como el ignorante pueden tomar malas decisiones, pero solo el ignorante no admite haberlas tomado.” “Si trabajas el presente nunca sentirás vergüenza por el pasado y te sentirás orgulloso en el futuro.” ………………………………………………………………………………………. Conductor del programa UTP Ramón Valero @tecn_preocupado Un técnico Preocupado un FP2 IVOOX UTP http://cutt.ly/dzhhGrf BLOG http://cutt.ly/dzhh2LX Ayúdame desde mi Crowfunding aquí https://cutt.ly/W0DsPVq Invitados Dra Yane #JusticiaParaUTP @ayec98_2 Médico y Buscadora de la verdad. Con Dios siempre! No permito q me dividan c/izq -derecha, raza, religión ni nada de la Creación. https://youtu.be/TXEEZUYd4c0 …. soros triplehijueputa @soroshijueputa2 En contra de un sistema corrupto al servicio de la élite globalista …. José Antonio @jasava7 Mensajero de la Nueva Era. Librepensador y escritor. Ciudadano del Mundo. Derecho Natural. DDHH. Paz, equidad y fraternidad. Jinete en lucha por un Mundo Mejor. …. SirGalahad @Sirgalahad79 Mi honor se llama lealtad. …. LaJessi @LaJessibot Donde hay bromas hay verdades | Qué no te engañen la pena es la novia del pene #NoTeRaye #TweetStar Filósofa del barrio #CBD No me llames cani o #tekillyulabida …. Ernesto @Ernesto22596980 A mi me paga Putin EXPEDIENTE ROYUELA …. Luz Madeleine Munayco @lecabel8 ………………………………………………………………………………………. Enlaces citados en el podcast: AYUDA A TRAVÉS DE LA COMPRA DE MIS LIBROS https://tecnicopreocupado.com/2024/11/16/ayuda-a-traves-de-la-compra-de-mis-libros/ UTP8 Universo fractal https://www.ivoox.com/utp8-universo-fractal-audios-mp3_rf_9991951_1.html El Papa y Roma… https://x.com/ElHiloRojoTV/status/1914235914999521647 Hilo sobre el papa https://x.com/tecn_preocupado/status/1914770003712467453 Féretro de papa Francisco como bandera de España https://x.com/ayec98_2/status/1915421017083711970 Capilla ardiente papa Francisco como sexo femenino https://x.com/ayec98_2/status/1915173455655215303 UTP268 Matematicas Vorticiales: Explorando el Tejido del Universo https://www.ivoox.com/utp268-matematicas-vorticiales-explorando-tejido-del-universo-audios-mp3_rf_121126662_1.html UTP272 Matemáticas Vorticiales: los vórtices de la vida https://www.ivoox.com/utp272-matematicas-vorticiales-vortices-vida-audios-mp3_rf_122197421_1.html ………………………………………………………………………………………. Música utilizada en este podcast: Tema inicial Heros ………………………………………………………………………………………. Epílogo ÚRSULA - AGUA DE LIMÓN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKfs8GIorhc

We've been talking about life beyond earth for decades…and one of the best places to look (for starters) are the moons of Jupiter and Saturn…wouldn't it be cool if we could land a probe on one of them to have a little look around? ...but that won't happen for decades, right? Wrong…it already happened…in 2005, the Huygens probe descended to the surface of Titan, the largest moon of Saturn…it was a monumental achievement in space exploration. Oh…forgot that that one, huh? ...okay, let's try another. Anyone remember when an entire country went bankrupt? ...you would if you were from Iceland…in 2008, the entire Icelandic banking system collapsed forcing the nation to declare bankruptcy…but Iceland recovered by actually holding bankers accountable and initiating a series of financial reforms that are worth studying by other countries. Don't remember, huh?... One more. What about the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010…it was the largest marine oil spill in history and cause an incredible amount of environmental and economic damage…they even made a movie about it along with a bunch of documentaries. My point is that news and world events come at us so fast and from so many angles, they occupy all our attention for a hot minute…but then we either become overwhelmed, bored, or distracted by something else…we move on and forget—or bury the information deep. I sometimes think we're approaching the human limit of being able to process all the information that comes at us every second…and if we can't do that, we can't learn any lessons from the past, we can't understand why we are where we are now, and we can't even predict where we might go in the future. That's why it's important for us to stop, look back and to see what happened…this is chapter 9 of “the 100 greatest rock moments of the 21st century—so far” . Songs in this episode: Moby - Porcelain Chris Cornell - Nothing Compares To You Linkin Park - In The End The White Stripes - Blue Orchid Thea Gilmore - Mainstream U2 - Until The End Of The World (live) Jack White - Lazaretto Eagles of Death Metal - I Love You All The Time Man With No Name - Teleport Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Le scoperte di Cristiaan Huygens sui satelliti di Saturno, lo sgarbo a Galileo Galilei nello sfruttare a suo favore le scoperte sul pendolo.

Korado Korlević u Explori odgovora na brojna pitanja i zagonetke svijeta oko nas. Zanimljive i kontroverzne teme, znanstvene novosti, povijesne zagonetke i trendovi razvoja tehnologije. Urednik i voditelj Elvis Mileta. U ovoj emisiji ; NewGlenn i Starship - spacelink umjesto baznih stanica - Hubbleova konstanta - Huygensovo načelo - sonda Huygens -prirodna elektroliza - višenamjenska sidra - bumerang - 3D print oružja - zrcalni organizmi

Spolupracovník Postoja Michal Novota a redaktor Lukáš Krivošík prinášajú novú videoreláciu DESTINÁCIA VESMÍR. V tomto pilotnom vydaní sa rozprávajú o konkurencii medzi súkromnými spoločnosťami Space X Elona Muska a Blue Origin Jeffa Bezosa a ich raketách Falcon, Starship a New Glenn. Ďalšie dnešné témy: Polárna žiara videná z územia Slovenska, objav novej kométy na Vianoce v Česku, let misie BepiColombo k planéte Merkúr a 20 rokov od pristátia landeru Huygens zo sondy Cassini na Saturnovom mesiaci Titan. Vo videu boli použité zábery spoločností Space X, Blue Origin, tlačovej agentúry AP, fotografia Martina Mašeka z Fyzikálního ústavu Akademie věd ČR, NASA, ESA/JAXA a súkromného archívu Michala Novotu.

Vor 20 Jahren schwebte Europas Raumsonde Huygens durch die Atmosphäre des Saturnmonds Titan. Sie erforschte die Titanwolken, untersuchte die Oberfläche und machte Bilder von der Mondlandschaft. Huygens liegt noch immer tiefgefroren im Titan-Eis. Lorenzen, Dirk www.deutschlandfunk.de, Sternzeit

Episode: 1307 Pendulum clock escapement: science and technology merging.  Today, we attend the wedding of science and technology.

Episode: 1281 An old religious tract provides a window upon the Huguenots.  Today, an old book and a new look at creativity and dissent.

Het wordt tijd dat we het eens gaan hebben over een van ‘s lands grootste wetenschappers ooit. Zijn naam: Huygens, en niet Constantijn, maar Christiaan. Niet enkel ontdekte Huygens de ringen van Saturnus en ontwierp hij het slingeruurwerk, hij hield zich eveneens bezig met buitenaards leven. Wat wist hij vierhonderd jaar geleden over ons heelal? Te gast is natuurkundige en planeetonderzoeker dr. Daphne Stam.

Tijdens de zomermaanden brengt de redactie van Trends Talk een fijne, zomerse selectie heruitzendingen van vroegere afleveringen van Trends Talk. Afleveringen die niet strikt actuagebonden zijn, maar latent actueel. Over sport, racefietsen, toerisme en de grote trends van de toekomst. België is een fietsland, maar hoe zit het met onze fietsindustrie. Kunnen we concurreren met het buitenland en waarin blinken we uit. In deze aflevering van Trends Talk praat Francesca Vanthielen met Johan Huygens, CEO van Granville Bikes en Scott Benelux.

Tijdens de zomermaanden brengt de redactie van Trends Talk een fijne, zomerse selectie heruitzendingen van vroegere afleveringen van Trends Talk. Afleveringen die niet strikt actuagebonden zijn, maar latent actueel. Over sport, racefietsen, toerisme en de grote trends van de toekomst. België is een fietsland, maar hoe zit het met onze fietsindustrie. Kunnen we concurreren met het buitenland en waarin blinken we uit. In deze aflevering van Trends Talk praat Francesca Vanthielen met Johan Huygens, CEO van Granville Bikes en Scott Benelux.

Chris Lehto dives deep into Terrence Howard's revolutionary scalar fractal theory, which has recently gone viral. Howard discussed his groundbreaking ideas on the Joe Rogan Experience, where Eric Weinstein provided an elite review. Weinstein critiqued some aspects but acknowledged a critical lynchpin in Howard's theory that could be a significant discovery. Chris explores how this lynchpin could validate Howard's entire framework and discusses the striking similarities to his own scalar fractal multiverse theory. Join Chris as he breaks down these complex concepts and reveals the potential implications for our understanding of the universe.00:00 Fractals based on the Lynchpin8:54 Rebuilding Saturn and Larger Scales13:52 Similarities to my Scalar Theory July 2326:21 Howard showed 3d fractal pattern, not doubling33:02 mass is photon pressure42:32 Dirac's large number hypothesis49:35 Huygens principle-no straight linesPublished on 05 july 2024.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/lehto-files-investigating-uaps--5990774/support.

In deze zomerspecial van 'De Limes leeft!' reis ik langs de Limes in Zuid-Holland. Ik bezoek de locaties van de serie-expositie 'Goden, Gemmen en Geluk'. Dit keer ben ik in Voorburg waar in de Romeinse tijd Forum Hadriani, de hoofdstad van de Cananefaten lag. Ik spreek met directeur Tim Zeedijk van het Huygens museum, die recentelijk een nieuwe tentoonstelling over Forum Hadriani heeft ingericht.

Titan. The largest moon in the Saturnian system has been a candidate as a habitable world ever since NASA's Cassini mission sent back the first radar images of its surface in 2004. Astrobiologist Dr. Catherine Neish of Western University in Canada has spent years studying Titan, and has just published a study on the habitability of Titan. Catherine joins us to step through the findings, what is needed for life? Is there enough of it on Titan? And does it all come together?Read Ralph Lorez's paper Titan Under a Red Giant Sun: Anew Kind of Habitable MoonFollow Cosmic Coffee Time on X for some special content      X.com/CosmicCoffTime You can request a topic for the show! Or even just say hi!We'd love to hear from you. Email us!cosmiccoffeetime@gmail.com

Hamaki. Rękawice. Worki z kupą. Samochody. Piłki. Oszczepy. Uff. Lista dziwacznych rzeczy, które ludzie zostawili w kosmosie jest długa. My wybraliśmy te, które mają najciekawsze historie. Od pierwszego lotu w kosmos po ostatnio zgubioną torbę. Posłuchajcie - będzie dziwnie Jeśli Wam się spodoba, zajrzyjcie do nas na Patronite i rozważcie wsparcie: https://patronite.pl/crazynauka Jeśli wolisz jednorazowo postawić nam kawę, to super. Dzięki!

What is the science behind the science fiction in Three Body Problem? In our second episode of “ChuckGPT” Dr. Charles Liu and co-host Allen Liu welcome two members of our production team: Jon Barnes, our Editor, and Stacey Severn, our Social Media/Patreon Community Director, to delve into the questions and answers posed by the award-winning novel and new series on Netflix. As always, though, we start off with the day's joyfully cool cosmic thing: the recent discovery of an exoplanet by high school students in Mountain View, California in collaboration with the SETI Institute. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence and exoplanets that could bear life brings us to the topic of our second episode of ChuckGPT: Three Body Problem. Dr. Liu will be answering questions about the Hugo award-winning Chinese novel by Liu Cixin and new television series on Netflix. Jon, it turns out, is a big fan of Three Body Problem and he has a bunch of questions about the scientific reality of the science fiction in the story, which Chuck and Allen are happy to answer. (NOTE: We tried to avoid any spoilers for anyone who hasn't read the book or seen the first three episodes of the series yet, except for the last question, which comes with a mild SPOILER ALERT.) Jon's first question deals with the giant antenna on Radar Peak in the story. In the series, the antenna is turned on and a flock of birds flying by drop dead as they pass. Chuck dives into the physics of both microwave radiation and radio waves, and why even our most powerful transmitters don't emit enough energy to have that kind of impact. Allen describes the difference between ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, further pushing the answer into the realm of science fiction, not science. Stacey asks about the relationship between magnetic fields and bird migration – Chuck explains that it is possible that magnetic transmissions could disorient the birds, but not kill them. The next question is about whether suns can come in different colors like in the “Three Body” VR game in the story. The answer, according to Dr. Liu, is, yes – but primarily only because of their surface temperature, not their chemical makeup. Allen brings up the impact of the viewer's atmosphere on their color perception of the star's light. Jon's next questions is about lifeforms that can dehydrate themselves to survive unstable, life-threatening weather cycles and atmospheric conditions. Allen brings up the fact that tardigrades can do exactly that, allowing them even to survive in the vacuum of space. He also discusses some of the chaotic orbits we know about that could result in stable and unstable orbital periods. Next up, Stacey asks one of Jon's questions about whether snowflakes could be made of nitrogen and oxygen if the atmosphere is cold enough. The answer takes us from the nitrogen glaciers on Pluto to the methane rivers on Saturn's moon Titan. And yes, depending on atmospheric pressure and temperature, there is a specific range where you could end up with nitrogen and oxygen snow. For his last question (SPOILER ALERT), Jon asks about whether an advanced civilization could send out a message at the speed of light, and if so, could they use their sun as an amplifier to increase the strength of the signal. Allen and Chuck discuss how you might be able to use the sun for gravitational lensing, but that it would be more likely to drown out the signal than amplify it. We hope you enjoy this episode of The LIUniverse, and, if you do, please support us on Patreon. Credits for Images Used in this Episode: – The Electromagnetic spectrum. Higher energy is to the right. – Edited from NASA, Public Domain – Janus and Epimetheus viewed by the Cassini probe – NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute, Public Domain – Orbit of 469219 Kamoʻoalewa, an Earth quasi-satellite – NASA/JPL-Caltech, Public Domain – A tardigrade – Peter von Bagh, Public Domain – Pluto with its heart shaped Tombaugh Regio – NASA/JHU APL/Southwest Research Institute/Alex Parker, Public Domain – The surface of Titan from the Huygens lander – ESA/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona; processed by Andrey Pivovarov, Public Domain – A galaxy acting as a gravitational lens – ESA/Hubble & NASA, Public Domain   #TheLIUniverse #CharlesLiu #AllenLiu #SciencePodcast #AstronomyPodcast #ThreeBodyProblem #microwaveradiation #radiowaves #transmitter #electromagneticspectrum #ionizingradiation #nonionizingradiation #magneticfields #birds #aliens #SETI #searchforextraterrestrialintelligence #tardigrade #nitrogensnow #Pluto #Titan #Saturn #gravitationallens

België is een fietsland, maar hoe zit het met onze fietsindustrie. Kunnen we concurreren met het buitenland en waarin blinken we uit. In deze aflevering van Trends Talk praat Francesca Vanthielen met Johan Huygens, CEO van Granville Bikes en Scott Benelux.

België is een fietsland, maar hoe zit het met onze fietsindustrie. Kunnen we concurreren met het buitenland en waarin blinken we uit. In deze aflevering van Trends Talk praat Francesca Vanthielen met Johan Huygens, CEO van Granville Bikes en Scott Benelux.

Spinoza's conflicts with contemporary scientists like Boyle and Huygens center on Spinoza's insistence on the primacy of philosophical reason over empirical experimentation and empirical reasoning.  Spinoza's argument against Boyle's experiments are presented.Jonathon Israel highlights the influence of Spinoza by showing that much of the Boyle's later work, on reconciling science with religion, is a reaction to Spinoza.  And Harald makes the argument that the mutual toleration of science and religion in Britain specifically, and the extension of the idea of flexibility out of the realm of technology and the economy and into philosophy may be a serious contender for a cause of the miracle. Then we cover Spinoza's unusual view of virtue and his politics through section 4 of Ethics and the Tracticus Politicus.  Harald paints this as the origin story for totalitarianism and mass murder in the 20th century style.

In Episode 399 of Sci-Fi Talk's Time Capsule, join host Tony Tolato as he delves into deep conversations about artificial intelligence, the intricate interplay of truth and lies in human experiences, and the mysteries of space exploration. Guest speakers include Simon Chesterman, author of Artifice, and Sarah Beth Gerst, author of Lies Among Us. Listen as Chesterman unpacks his book, which centers on an artificial intelligence named Janus, and discusses the paradigmatic shift in the relationships humans share with AI. Through a speculative approach inspired by sci-fi author Isaac Asimov, Chesterman challenges the conventional narrative and poses the question – can AI trust humans? The conversation flourishes as Gerst then steps into the spotlight, illuminating the tangled web we weave through truth and lies. She takes us on a journey through her novel centered around two contrasting realities, pushing the boundaries of what we perceive as reality. Join her as she discusses how fiction can often be a mirror held up to society, revealing universal truths. Hopping from reality to fiction, we then deep-dive into a discussion with actor Ed Gathegi about his experiences on the show 'For All Mankind'. Hear about his journey exploring his character Dev, the complexities of the series, and his enthusiastic camaraderie with co-star Chantal Vansaten. Finally, the episode draws to a close with a chat featuring Jody Davis, NASA Deputy Payload Systems Engineer. Dive into intriguing insights around Mars rovers, life in space, the Cassini project, and the Huygens probe.  Subscribe To Sci-Fi Talk Plus Free For A Lifetime  

Spinoza's philosophical framework laid out, along with several points of disagreement with the moderate Enlightenment Newtonians and Leibnizians.  We get to some of Spinoza's specific arguments with other scientists.  With Steno, he had a non rational disagreement, with Huygens, he was accused of focusing too much on reason rather then experiment which inevitably leads to error, much to Spinoza's personal chagrin. 

Ever wondered what happens when tech giants collide or when gadgets at CES make you question reality? That's what we're unpacking in a whirlwind tech roundup, complete with the drama of Apple's blood oxygen app disappearance and the potential Disney-Apple merger. Plus, we're slicing through the hype to give you the skinny on CES 2024's wildest inventions, from a headset that's straight out of a sci-fi flick to a washing bot that might just redefine laziness. And because we're all about that balanced life, we're throwing in a whiskey-tasting interlude – because tech talk goes down better with a smooth sip.But it's not all flashy headsets and quirky robots. As we lay down the facts, we invite you to ponder the true meaning of ownership in our digital age – is it merely a fleeting privilege, or should we demand more? We'll also touch on the poignancy of AI in China, where technology grapples with human heartstrings in an attempt to resurrect memories of loved ones.To cap off, we're daydreaming about smart homes that recognize your palm, and pet tech that's so advanced, you'll wonder if your furry friend needs a personal assistant. And because the future isn't just about what's in your pocket or on your wrist, we look to the skies and speculate on whether flying cars will turn the daily grind into a daily glide. So, connect, subscribe, and let's continue this tech-adventurous journey together on TechTime Radio. Cheers to staying savvy in a world where tech never sleeps!Episode 188: Starts at 1:49This week on TechTime with Nathan Mumm®, On today's episode, we'll explore the new Disney-Apple partnership. Is there more than just the immersive Apple Vision Pro headset? We'll also discuss why Apple is removing the Blood Oxygen app from its devices and whether this is a good move for consumers. Plus, we'll give you our CES 2024 review, with the best and worst gadgets from the biggest tech show of the year. And finally, we'll look back at the Huygens probe, the first and only spacecraft to land on Saturn's moon Titan, and we have a special Nathan Nugget.Thank you for tuning in to TechTime Radio with Nathan Mumm, the show that makes you go "Humm" Technology news of the week for January 14th - 20th, 2024--- [Now on Today's Show]: Starts at 3:23--- [Top Stories in Technology]: Starts at 4:48Redesigned Apple Watch not subject to import ban, US officials determine - http://tinyurl.com/3t9cxfsmWhat is this Disney-Apple Partnership, that goes into effect on February 2? - http://tinyurl.com/bddmdwd6Chinese mourners use AI to digitally resurrect the dead - http://tinyurl.com/yf7zyfww--- [Pick of the Day - Whiskey Tasting Reveal]: Starts at 24:34Yamasaki 12 Years Old Whisky | 86 Proof | $90.00--- [2024 Review of CES]: Starts at 27:20Nathan Reviews the best items from the Consumer Electronics Show - CES 2024--- [This Week in Technology]: Starts at 40:40This Week in Technology: January 14, 2005 - Probe Lands on Titan --- [Marc's Whiskey Mumble]: Starts at 42:37Marc Gregoire's review of this week's whiskey--- [Technology Fail of the Week]: Starts at 45:38This week's “Technology Fail” comes to us from CES. Nathan looks at some of the not-so-bright ideas from the Las Vegas show.--- [Mike's Mesmerizing Moment brought to us by StoriCoffee®]: Starts at 52:09 Question: If you could live in VR world forever, would you choose this over the real world? --- [Nathan Nugget]: Starts atRan out of Time--- [Pick of the Day Whiskey Review]: Starts at 54:07Yamasaki 12 Years Old Whisky | 86 Proof | $90.00Mike: Thumbs UpNathan: Thumbs Up

Episode: 1072 Of Dice and Death: Writing the theory of probability.  Today, let's try to predict the future.

Chris and Mr Max are back, enjoying dark skies, freshly cut grass and the splendours of Saturn. The pair find out why lunar conspiracy nuts should pay attention to Saturn's rings, invent a new paint colour and talk about Titan's methane rain, all while Not Barking at a lively 'guest'. Galileo's drawing of Saturn is here: https://attic.gsfc.nasa.gov/huygensgcms/Shistory.htm The glorious rings were imaged repeatedly by the Cassini probe: https://science.nasa.gov/mission/cassini/multimedia/hall-of-fame/?topics=rings You can watch the descent of the Huygens probe through Titan's orange clouds here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msiLWxDayuA ..and the image of Buzz Aldrin on the Moon mentioned in the podcast is here: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Armstrong_heiligenschein.jpg

Jo lenger ut i Solsystemet vi kommer, jo lengre blir det mellom drammene. Saturn er blitt besøkt av fire romsonder, tre fløy forbi (Pioneer 11 og Voyager 1 og 2) og en gikk inn i bane. Den siste var til gjengjeld legendarisk. Cassini kretset rundt Saturn i 13 år, kartla måner og ringer i detalj og sendte ESA-sonden Huygens ned til månen Titan i 2005. 18 år seinere har vi ennå ikke klart å gjøre noe tilsvarende.

This lecture was given on April 19th, 2023, at the John Hopkins University School of Medicine. For more information on upcoming events, please visit our website: https://thomisticinstitute.org/upcoming-events Speaker Bio: Jonathan Lunine is the David C. Duncan Professor in the Physical Sciences and Chair of the Department of Astronomy at Cornell University. Lunine is interested in how planets form and evolve, what processes maintain and establish habitability, and what kinds of exotic environments (methane lakes, etc.) might host a kind of chemistry sophisticated enough to be called "life". He pursues these interests through theoretical modeling and participation in spacecraft missions. He works with the radar and other instruments on Cassini, continues to work on mass spectrometer data from Huygens, and is co-investigator on the Juno mission launched in 2011 to Jupiter. He is on the science team for the James Webb Space Telescope, focusing on characterization of extrasolar planets and Kuiper Belt objects. Lunine is currently PI for a JPL-led study to send a probe into Saturn's atmosphere and has contributed to mission concept studies for space-based astrometry and microlensing missions. Lunine is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and has participated in or chaired a number of advisory and strategic planning committees for the Academy and for NASA.

 This is Superlative: A Podcast about watches, the people behind them, and the worlds that inspire them. This week our host and aBlogtoWatch Founder Ariel Adams is joined by Roger Peeters, the Founder and Master Watchmaker of Hooke and Huygens. To start the show Ariel dives into discussing small independent high end watch brands, and their important role in the watch industry. They talk about the mentality behind the modern watchmaker today, and how important having a true artist's touch is important when creating a watch brand or new design. Ariel asks why Roger did not go with his own name when creating this brand, and who exactly Robert Hooke and Christiaan Huygens are. They dive into the brands overall strategy with their relationship with their customers, and they go over their patented Hooke and Huygens ring-shaped semi-skeleton ring movement with 12 positions and 41 jewel bearings. To stay updated with Roger and Hooke and Huygens:Website - https://www.hookeandhuygens.com/ Instagram @HookeandHuygensWatches - https://www.instagram.com/hookeandhuygenswatches/ To check out the ABTW Shop where you can see our products inspired by our love of Horology:- Shop ABTW - https://store.ablogtowatch.com/To keep updated with everything Superlative and aBlogtoWatch, check us out on:- Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/ablogtowatch/- Twitter - https://twitter.com/ABLOGTOWATCH- Website - https://www.ablogtowatch.com/If you enjoy the show please Subscribe, Rate, and Review!

Season 7 Episode 2: Claude Greisler, Armin Strom Co-Founder and Master Watchmaker Join us as we welcome Mr. Claude Greisler back to the podcast for a record 4th appearance!! Every conversation with Claude is filled with knowledge, insight and pure horological passion. This episode focuses on Claude's incredible and deep fascination for the phenomenon of RESONANCE. Delving into history we discuss the origins of Resonance in watchmaking, from Huygens to Breguet and then to modern-day we discuss the evolution of the concept and the realization of the incredibly successful Armin Strom Resonance series. The conversation delves into Claude's impressive background and training. It soon becomes clear how this path would influence the impressive work achieved by Claude's Armin Strom Manufacture. We learn how Armin Strom's unique approach to utilizing Resonance was created and the many challenges that had to be overcome to master the intriguing phenomenon of Resonance. The conversation flows naturally and Claude's laid-back, honest and open conversational style lends itself to a very easy listening podcast that pulls you in further to learn more from one of the world's most accomplished living Master Watchmakers. Today, Armin Strom is one of the most creative and highly respected Independent watchmakers shaping the present and the future of haute horlogerie. We recommend listening to our past episodes with Claude Greisler to learn more about the Manufacture, Gravity Equal Force and Tribute 1 (System 78). Thank you as always for downloading Keeping Time Podcast. Please share with your watch-enthusiast friends and communities. We hope that our listeners enjoy the discussion in this episode; expand their knowledge and continue to gain insights into the fascinating world of horology. Many topics are covered and the conversation is rich in content and insight. We hope that you enjoy this episode of Keeping Time with Oster Watches.  Please reach out directly to jeremy@osterjewelers.com with any questions, comments or suggestions for potential podcast guests.

See Rogers watches in the flesh at Time To Watches.Tune in to the aBlogtoWatch Weekly Podcast each week for the latest news and reviewsEmail the show with your thoughts and comments Podcasts@ablogtowatch.com

Commandez notre livre sur Amazon : https://amzn.to/2K1womp Ou avec la FNAC : https://tidd.ly/37JegpJ Soutenez-nous avec Tipeee: https://www.tipeee.com/hugo-lisoir Soutenez-nous avec uTip : https://utip.io/feed/hugolisoir Contact pro: contact.hugolisoir@gmail.com Les DOSSIERS DE L'ESPACE (LDDE) est un format qui fait le point sur une thématique particulière de la conquête spatiale: histoire, technologies, portraits… Cette semaine, on revient en détails sur l'incroyable mission de la sonde Européenne Huygens dans l'épaisse atmosphère de Titan. 

Die Themen in den Wissensnachrichten: +++ Unbekannte Kammer in Cheops-Pyramide gefunden +++ Brillant aber kurzsichtig – Astronom baute unscharfe Teleskope +++ Neuer stacheliger Gecko auf australischer Insel entdeckt +++**********Weiterführende Quellen zu dieser Folge:Localization and shape determination of a hidden corridor in the Great Pyramid of Giza using non-destructive testing. NDT & E International, 02.03.2023Did Christiaan Huygens need glasses? A study of Huygens' telescope equations and tables. The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science,1.3.2023A new species of Phyllurus leaf-tailed gecko (Lacertilia: Carphodactylidae) from Scawfell Island, mid-east Queensland, Australia. Zootaxa, Februar 2023World obesity atlas 2023. World Obesity Federation, März 2023Toothed whales use distinct vocal registers for echolocation and communication. Science, 2.3.2023.hearWHO - Kostenlose Hörtest-App der Weltgesundheitsorganisation**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: Tiktok und Instagram.**********Weitere Wissensnachrichten zum Nachlesen: https://www.deutschlandfunknova.de/nachrichten

Saturn objavila sonda Pioneer 11 v roku 1979. Odvtedy sme ho dôkladne preskúmali, no on i jeho 83 mesiacov neustále odhaľujú čoraz viac nevysvetlených fenoménov. Na jeho severnom póle sa krúti šesťuholníkový oblak a na južnom je zase príliš horúco. Jeho nádherné prstence sa do sto miliónov rokov rozplynú do okolia a ostane nahý. Saturn je veľmi zaujímavým členom Slnečnej sústavy a aj preto sa sonda Cassini stala prvou umelou družicou Saturna. 14. januára 2005, počas tretieho obehu sondy Cassini okolo Saturna, modul Huygens úspešne pristál na mesiaci Titan. O tom, čo tam našiel, o pôvode planéty, búrkach, atmosfére či pôvode mien jeho mesiacov sa v 39. epizóde Slnečnej zostavy rozprávajú Marián Psár a Matúš Toderiška. Vaše postrehy píšte na na slnecnazostava@zive.sk. Čítame a odpisujeme! Nie ste si istí, ako si tento podcast vypočuť najlepšie? Pozrite si nášho sprievodcu podcastovými appkami: https://zive.aktuality.sk/clanok/KaFWa78/ako-na-podcasty-aj-aplikacie-zadarmo-ponukaju-mnohe-funkcie-navyse/ V aktuálnej časti podcastu Slnečná zostava sa tiež dozviete: prečo si Galilei myslel, že Saturn je trojplanéta, na ktorom z jeho mesiacov sa môže nachádzať primitívny život, prečo Saturn vlastne nie je žltý, ale modrý. Zaujímavé odkazy: Časozber: Štart a pristátie Falcon 9 Anomália Cosmic Girl Modrá farba Saturnu Ako videl Saturn Galileo Galilei Šesťuholníkový oblak Prstence a mesiace Saturna Podcast Slnečná zostava je súčasťou nášho redakčného podcastového feedu Technologický podcast SHARE | Živé.sk | HernáZóna.sk. Na odber všetkých nových dielov všetkých našich podcastov sa môžete prihlásiť cez platformy Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify alebo Deezer.

Konstantin Batygin from the Department of Extra-Terrestrial Physics discusses his work on the theorized extra-dimensional objects known as Dods and the enigmatic Huygens probe.

Christiaan Huygens was the greatest scientist working in the vital period between Galileo and Newton, as the scientific revolution gathered pace. He discovered Saturn's ring, invented the accurate pendulum clock, and devised a wave theory of light far ahead of its time.In this edition of Not Just the Tudors, Professor Suzannah Lipscomb talks to author Hugh Alderney-Williams to find out more about Huygens and why — more even than Newton — he can be called the father of modern science. This episode was edited and produced by Rob Weinberg. For more Not Just The Tudors content, subscribe to our Tudor Tuesday newsletter here >If you'd like to learn even more, we have hundreds of history documentaries, ad free podcasts and audiobooks at History Hit - subscribe today! To download, go to Android > or Apple store > Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Hosted by Chris Beckett & Shane Ludtke, two amateur astronomers in Saskatchewan. Welcome to Episode 248 of the Actual Astronomy Podcast  a short episode on Saturn ‘s Opposition.     Opposition? - On August 14th Saturn will be at opposition. - What is opposition? - When a planet or other body is opposite the sun in the sky. - SO it rises at sunset and sets at sunrise. - Typically this marks the time when most people will begin looking at the planet since after this date it is more and more into the evening sky when people are more likely to be observing instead of having to wait past midnight for it to get high enough to observe.  - Also this year before now in the northern hemisphere you would be staying up pretty late.   Seeing Saturn to the first time seems fake :) A couple weeks ago I was showing the public Saturn through my telescope when I had it set up in GNP.   How to observe: - Do you need a telescope just to ID Saturn? Nope, you can see it with just your eye. A telescope is needed to see the rings. - What will binoculars show? Maybe a football shape and Titan from a dark sky. - What will it look like in binoculars? - You'll need at least ~10x to see it as an oval / football shape and for those with 15x you'll start to get a hint of the rings but these are best seen in telescopes. - Binoculars can help you track it's retrograde motion as it moves a little to the West each night and panning several degrees over the course of the month.   Telescopes: - Any telescope with powers greater than 30x will begin to show the rings well. - The rings are currently angled about 13-degrees towards earth making them easily visible in any telescope.   The Seelinger Effect: On the morning/evening of opposition, it may be possible to see a notable increase in the brightening of Saturn's rings when compared to the planet's disk. This is called the Seeliger Effect. This happens because Saturn's rings are made of ice particles which, At around the time of opposition, are illuminated from the same direction we are viewing them from so we see none in shadow.   Through my scope I've seen some of the ring divisions, like the main Cassini Division. The main rings we see are the A,B and C rings and you can look for the faint D ring closer in to the planet. Inside the Cassini division we have the Huygens, Kuiper, and Barnard Gap, out towards the edge of the rings we have the Keeler gap. All these sort of phenomena are easiest seen in telescopes around 10 inches or so in size.   Moons:  Sky at Night had a nice map. - Titan   Thanks Shane and to everyone for listening, be sure to subscribe and we always appreciate the Patreon support. You can reach us at  actualastronomy@gmail.com.   We've added a new way to donate to 365 Days of Astronomy to support editing, hosting, and production costs.  Just visit: https://www.patreon.com/365DaysOfAstronomy and donate as much as you can! Share the podcast with your friends and send the Patreon link to them too!  Every bit helps! Thank you! ------------------------------------ Do go visit http://www.redbubble.com/people/CosmoQuestX/shop for cool Astronomy Cast and CosmoQuest t-shirts, coffee mugs and other awesomeness! http://cosmoquest.org/Donate This show is made possible through your donations.  Thank you! (Haven't donated? It's not too late! Just click!) ------------------------------------ The 365 Days of Astronomy Podcast is produced by the Planetary Science Institute. http://www.psi.edu Visit us on the web at 365DaysOfAstronomy.org or email us at info@365DaysOfAstronomy.org.

In Folge 58 machen wir noch einmal Urlaub. Und zwar diesmal in den kühlen Meeren und Flüssen des Saturnmonds Titan. Dort gibt es kein flüssiges Wasser, dafür aber Meere, Seen und Flüsse aus Methan und Ethan. Das ist schon an sich ziemlich cool, noch cooler ist aber die Hypothese, dass es dort Mikroorganismen gibt, die denen ähnlich sind, mit denen das Leben auf der Erde begonnen hat. Ob es dort wirklich Lebewesen gibt, werden wir aber erst wissen, wenn wir uns die außerirdischen Gewässer genauer anschauen. Was wir im nächsten Jahrzehnt auch machen werden! Genau davon erzählt Ruth (und vor den Gefahren der Bootsgasse…).

Zelensky is not Soros' cousin We remind you again to sign up for the European Skeptics Congress! It's going to be great! In other news, Darwin's iconic ‘evolution as a tree'-notebook has been mysteriously returned which is good news in a pink bag. Our notes on conversion therapy last week got some terfs really upset on Twitter, but of course they get it all wrong. For TWISH we celebrate the birth of Christiaan Huygens, a true spirit of the enlightenment already in the 17th century. No poking this week, so we then dive into the news: INTERNATIONAL: Homeopathy Awareness Week UKRAINE: Zelensky not related to Soros INTERNATIONAL: Pinterest to ban climate misinformation UK: Anglo-European College of Chiropractic offering MSc course To round off, the charity organisation ‘Thinking Autism' promotes CEASE therapy and anti-vaxx nonsense and so they get his week's Really Wrong award. Enjoy! Segments: Intro; Greetings; TWISH; News; Really Wrong; Quote And Farewell; Outro; Out-Takes;

Christiaan Huygens è un fisico e astronomo decisamente conosciuto dagli scienziati, ma il suo nome dovrebbe essere molto più famoso pensando a ciò che ha inventato: l'orologio. A volte, però, succede che i brevetti vengono contestati e la storia diluisce i fatti in modo imprevedibile.

En el programa de esta semana, y en clave de tertulia, hablamos de la Historia de la Luz, en concreto de cómo ha ido cambiando a lo largo de la historia nuestro conocimiento sobre la naturaleza de la luz, sobre la respuesta a la pregunta ¿qué es la luz? En concreto, en este segundo programa que dedicamos a la Historia de la Luz nos centramos en el periodo que va desde Newton y Huygens hasta Thomas Young, los Siglos XVII y XVIII en los que se libró la batalla entre la concepción de la luz como onda y como corpúsculo, mientras se seguían descubriendo algunas características, propiedades y leyes acerca de la luz. Todo ello de la mano de David Ibáñez, Arcadi García y Eugenio Roldán, Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

What Henry Ford learned from a slaughter house and how it changed the world. Dave Young: Welcome to the Empire Builders Podcast, teaching business owners the not-so-secret techniques that took famous businesses from mom and pop to major brands. Dave Young: Stephen Semple is a marketing consultant, story collector and storyteller. I'm Stephen's sidekick and business partner, Dave Young. Dave Young: Before we get into today's episode, a word from our sponsor, which is... well it's us, but we're highlighting ads we've written and produced for our clients. So, here's one of those. [Why It Works Ad] Dave Young: Steven, I'm looking at the show notes and today it says Ford and the word model, and I'm thinking the Ford modeling company. Well, this could be kind of fun and exciting. Stephen Semple: I kind of wish now. I think I'm going to disappoint you. You are talking about a Lizzie, but it happens to be Tin Lizzie. Dave Young: The Model T. Stephen Semple: The Model T Ford. That's what we're going to go back and talk about, but before I get started, I wanted to read something to you. I'm not sure whether you read this week's Monday Morning Memo. You know, Roy does a memo every Monday. Roy's consistency on the memo, it's kind of what really inspired me when I approached you for doing this podcast of really wanting to produce something every week and do that consistency. Now, I had a long time to catch up to him, he's been doing it for like 30 years or some crazy- Dave Young: Yeah, yeah. Stephen Semple: ... number, but there was a piece I came across in the Monday Morning Memo and you can see this going to mondaymorningmemo.com that I want to read because want to share because to me it captures the real essence of what we're doing in this podcast and also specifically why we're going to talk about the Model T Ford today. Dave Young: Let me just put a preface on this. We record these things pretty, pretty far in advance sometimes and I- Stephen Semple: Right. Dave Young: ... want to make sure that if somebody wants to go back and read this particular Monday Morning Memo, we're talking about the December 20th, 2021 Monday Morning Memo. Stephen Semple: Thank you for that, Dave. So David, here's what Roy wrote, but what makes them wonderful? Wonderful things were touched by someone who knew the secret of wonder and how to capture it. When you know how to capture wonder, you carry it on your head, your heart and your hands. You glitter when you walk. Isaac Newton knew how to capture wonder and he passed the secrets forward in just 14 words. Countless millions have read those words and assumed Newton was talking about himself. He was not. Newton was giving you his most precious advice. He was telling you how to capture wonder. He was telling you how to glitter when you walk. Stephen Semple: In 1675 Newton wrote, "I have seen further. It is by standing on the shoulders of Giants." Isaac Newton stood on the shoulders of Galileo, Kepler and Copernicus in astronomy. Huygens, Euclid, Henry Briggs, Isaac Barrow and math, Kepler and Descartes in optics, Plato, Aristotle in philosophy. Newton combined the insights of these men and made them uniquely his own. Stephen Semple: Choose your giants. Stand on their shoulders. Repurpose the proven. Vincent Van Gogh stood on the shoulders of Monticelli and Hiroshige long after they were dead. They taught him how to paint. He studied their paintings, captured their wonder and made it his own. Johnny Depp stood on the shoulders of Pepe Le Pew, the cartoon skunk and Keith Richards, The Rolling Stones. They taught him how to capture our Captain Jack Sparrow. Depp studied their mannerisms, captured their wonder and made it uniquely his own. Stephen Semple: Roy says he stands on the shoulders of John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Robert Frost, Tolkien, Paul Harvey and Robinson. They taught him how to write.

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is Three Worlds Collide, Part 1: The Baby-Eating Aliens (1/8), published by Eliezer Yudkowsky. This is a story of an impossible outcome, where AI never worked, molecular nanotechnology never worked, biotechnology only sort-of worked; and yet somehow humanity not only survived, but discovered a way to travel Faster-Than-Light: The past's Future. Ships travel through the Alderson starlines, wormholes that appear near stars. The starline network is dense and unpredictable: more than a billion starlines lead away from Sol, but every world explored is so far away as to be outside the range of Earth's telescopes. Most colony worlds are located only a single jump away from Earth, which remains the center of the human universe. From the colony system Huygens, the crew of the Giant Science Vessel Impossible Possible World have set out to investigate a starline that flared up with an unprecedented flux of Alderson force before subsiding. Arriving, the Impossible discovers the sparkling debris of a recent nova - and - "ALIENS!" Every head swung toward the Sensory console. But after that one cryptic outburst, the Lady Sensory didn't even look up from her console: her fingers were frantically twitching commands. There was a strange moment of silence in the Command Conference while every listener thought the same two thoughts in rapid succession: Is she nuts? You can't just say "Aliens!", leave it at that, and expect everyone to believe you. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence - And then, They came to look at the nova too! In a situation like this, it befalls the Conference Chair to speak first. "What? SHIT!" shouted Akon, who didn't realize until later that his words would be inscribed for all time in the annals of history. Akon swung around and looked frantically at the main display of the Command Conference. "Where are they?" The Lady Sensory looked up from her console, fingers still twitching. "I - I don't know, I just picked up an incoming high-frequency signal - they're sending us enormous amounts of data, petabytes, I had to clear long-term memory and set up an automatic pipe or risk losing the whole -" "Found them!" shouted the Lord Programmer. "I searched through our Greater Archive and turned up a program to look for anomalous energy sources near local starlines. It's from way back from the first days of exploration, but I managed to find an emulation program for -" "Just show it!" Akon took a deep breath, trying to calm himself. The main display swiftly scanned across fiery space and settled on... a set of windows into fire, the fire of space shattered by the nova, but then shattered again into triangular shards. It took Akon a moment to realize that he was looking at an icosahedron of perfect mirrors. Huh, thought Akon, they're lower-tech than us. Their own ship, the Impossible, was absorbing the vast quantities of local radiation and dumping it into their Alderson reactor; the mirror-shielding seemed a distinctly inferior solution. Unless that's what they want us to think... "Deflectors!" shouted the Lord Pilot suddenly. "Should I put up deflectors?" "Deflectors?" said Akon, startled. The Pilot spoke very rapidly. "Sir, we use a self-sustaining Alderson reaction to power our starline jumps and our absorbing shields. That same reaction could be used to emit a directed beam that would snuff a similar reaction - the aliens are putting out their own Alderson emissions, they could snuff our absorbers at any time, and the nova ashes would roast us instantly - unless I configure a deflector -" The Ship's Confessor spoke, then. "Have the aliens put up deflectors of their own?" Akon's mind seemed to be moving very slowly, and yet the essential thoughts felt, somehow, obvious. "Pilot, set up the deflector program but don't activate it until I give the word. Sensory,...

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is Three Worlds Collide, Part 2: War and/or Peace (2/8), published by Eliezer Yudkowsky. ..."So the question then is - now what?" The Lord Pilot jumped up, then, his face flushed. "Put up shields. Now. We don't gain anything by leaving them down. This is madness!" "No," said the Ship's Confessor in professional tones, "not madness." The Pilot slammed his fists on the table. "We're all going to die!" "They're not as technologically advanced as us," Akon said. "Suppose the Babyeaters do decide that we need to be exterminated. Suppose they open fire. Suppose they kill us. Suppose they follow the starline we opened and find the Huygens system. Then what?" The Master nodded. "Even with surprise on their side... no. They can't actually wipe out the human species. Not unless they're a lot smarter than they seem to be, and it looks to me like, on average, they're actually a bit dumber than us." The Master glanced at the Xenopsychologist, who waved her hand in a maybe-gesture. "But if we leave the ship's shields down," Akon said, "we preserve whatever chance we have of a peaceful resolution to this." "Peace," said the Lady Sensory, in a peculiar flat tone. Akon looked at her. "You want peace with the Babyeaters?" "Of course -" said Akon, then stopped short. The Lady Sensory looked around the table. "And the Babyeater children? What about them?" The Master of Fandom spoke, his voice uncertain. "You can't impose human standards on -" With a blur of motion and a sharp crack, the Lady Sensory slapped him. The Ship's Confessor grabbed her arm. "No." The Lady Sensory stared at the Ship's Confessor. "No," the Confessor repeated. "No violence. Only argument. Violence doesn't distinguish truth from falsehood, my Lady." The Lady Sensory slowly lowered her hand, but not her eyes. "But..." said the Master. "But, my Lady, if they want to be eaten -" "They don't," said the Xenopsychologist. "Of course they don't. They run from their parents when the terrible winnowing comes. The Babyeater children aren't emotionally mature - I mean they don't have their adult emotional state yet. Evolution would take care of anyone who wanted to get eaten. And they're still learning, still making mistakes, so they don't yet have the instinct to exterminate violators of the group code. It's a simpler time for them. They play, they explore, they try out new ideas. They're..." and the Xenopsychologist stopped. "Damn," she said, and turned her head away from the table, covering her face with her hands. "Excuse me." Her voice was unsteady. "They're a lot like human children, really." "And if they were human children," said the Lady Sensory into the silence, "do you think that, just because the Babyeater species wanted to eat human children, that would make it right for them to do it?" "No," said the Lord Pilot. "Then what difference does it make?" said the Lady Sensory. "No difference at all," said the Lord Pilot. Akon looked back and forth between the two of them, and saw what was coming, and somehow couldn't speak. "We have to save them," said the Lady Sensory. "We have to stop this. No matter what it takes. We can't let this go on." Couldn't say that one word - The Lord Pilot nodded. "Destroy their ship. Preserve our advantage of surprise. Go back, tell the world, create an overwhelming human army... and pour into the Babyeater starline network. And rescue the children." "No," Akon said. No? "I know," said the Lord Pilot. "A lot of Babyeaters will die at first, but they're killing ten times more children than their whole adult population, every year -" "And then what?" said the Master of Fandom. "What happens when the children grow up?" The Lord Pilot fell silent. The Master of Fandom completed the question. "Are you going to wipe out their whole race, because their existence is too horrible to be allowed to go ...

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is Three Worlds Collide, Part 6: Normal Ending: Last Tears (6/8), published by Eliezer Yudkowsky. Today was the day. The streets of ancient Earth were crowded to overbursting with people looking up at the sky, faces crowded up against windows. Waiting for their sorrows to end. Akon was looking down at their faces, from the balcony of a room in a well-guarded hotel. There were many who wished to initiate violence against him, which was understandable. Fear showed on most of the faces in the crowd, rage in some; a very few were smiling, and Akon suspected they might have simply given up on holding themselves together. Akon wondered what his own face looked like, right now. The streets were less crowded than they might have been, only a few weeks earlier. No one had told the Superhappies about that part. They'd sent an ambassadorial ship "in case you have any urgent requests we can help with", arriving hard on the heels of the Impossible. That ship had not been given any of the encryption keys to the human Net, nor allowed to land. It had made the Superhappies extremely suspicious, and the ambassadorial ship had disgorged a horde of tiny daughters to observe the rest of the human starline network - But if the Superhappies knew, they would have tried to stop it. Somehow. That was a price that no one was willing to include into the bargain, no matter what. There had to be that - alternative. A quarter of the Impossible Possible World's crew had committed suicide, when the pact and its price became known. Others, Akon thought, had waited only to be with their families. The percentage on Earth... would probably be larger. The government, what was left of it, had refused to publish statistics. All you saw was the bodies being carried out of the apartments - in plain, unmarked boxes, in case the Superhappy ship was using optical surveillance. Akon swallowed. The fear was already drying his own throat, the fear of changing, of becoming something else that wasn't quite him. He understood the urge to end that fear, at any price. And yet at the same time, he didn't, couldn't understand the suicides. Was being dead a smaller change? To die was not to leave the world, not to escape somewhere else; it was the simultaneous change of every piece of yourself into nothing. Many parents had made that choice for their children. The government had tried to stop it. The Superhappies weren't going to like it, when they found out. And it wasn't right, when the children themselves wouldn't be so afraid of a world without pain. It wasn't as if the parents and children were going somewhere together. The government had done its best, issued orders, threatened confiscations - but there was only so much you could do to coerce someone who was going to die anyway. So more often than not, they carried away the mother's body with her daughter's, the father with the son. The survivors, Akon knew, would regret that far more vehemently, once they were closer to the Superhappy point of view. Just as they would regret not eating the tiny bodies of the infants. A hiss went up from the crowd, the intake of a thousand breaths. Akon looked up, and he saw in the sky the cloud of ships, dispersing from the direction of the Sun and the Huygens starline. Even at this distance they twinkled faintly. Akon guessed - and as one ship grew closer, he knew that he was right - that the Superhappy ships were no longer things of pulsating ugliness, but gently shifting iridescent crystal, designs that both a human and a Babyeater would find beautiful. The Superhappies had been swift to follow through on their own part of the bargain. Their new aesthetic senses would already be an intersection of three worlds' tastes. The ship drew closer, overhead. It was quieter in the air than even the most efficient human ships, twinkling brig...

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is Three Worlds Collide, Part 7: True Ending: Sacrificial Fire (7/8), published by Eliezer Yudkowsky. (Part 7 of 8 in "Three Worlds Collide") Standing behind his target, unnoticed, the Ship's Confessor had produced from his sleeve the tiny stunner - the weapon which he alone on the ship was authorized to use, if he made a determination of outright mental breakdown. With a sudden motion, his arm swept outward - - and anesthetized the Lord Akon. Akon crumpled almost instantly, as though most of his strings had already been cut, and only a few last strands had been holding his limbs in place. Fear, shock, dismay, sheer outright surprise: that was the Command Conference staring aghast at the Confessor. From the hood came words absolutely forbidden to originate from that shadow: the voice of command. "Lord Pilot, take us through the starline back to the Huygens system. Get us moving now, you are on the critical path. Lady Sensory, I need you to enforce an absolute lockdown on all of this ship's communication systems except for a single channel under your direct control. Master of Fandom, get me proxies on the assets of every being on this ship. We are going to need capital." For a moment, the Command Conference was frozen, voiceless and motionless, as everyone waited for someone else do to something. And then - "Moving the Impossible now, my lord," said the Lord Pilot. His face was sane once again. "What's your plan?" "He is not your lord!" cried the Master of Fandom. Then his voice dropped. "Excuse me. Confessor - it did not appear to me that our Lord Administrator was insane. And you, of all people, cannot just seize power -" "True," said the one, "Akon was sane. But he was also an honest man who would keep his word once he gave it, and that I could not allow. As for me - I have betrayed my calling three times over, and am no longer a Confessor." With that same response, the once-Confessor swept back the hood - At any other time, the words and the move and the revealed face would have provoked shock to the point of fainting. On this day, with the whole human species at stake, it seemed merely interesting. Chaos had already run loose, madness was already unleashed into the world, and a little more seemed of little consequence. "Ancestor," said the Master, "you are twice prohibited from exercising any power here." The former Confessor smiled dryly. "Rules like that only exist within our own minds, you know. Besides," he added, "I am not steering the future of humanity in any real sense, just stepping in front of a bullet. That is not even advice, let alone an order. And it is... appropriate... that I, and not any of you, be the one who orders this thing done -" "Fuck that up the ass with a hedge trimmer," said the Lord Pilot. "Are we going to save the human species or not?" There was a pause while the others figured out the correct answer. Then the Master sighed, and inclined his head in assent to the once-Confessor. "I shall follow your orders... kiritsugu." Even the Kiritsugu flinched at that, but there was work to be done, and not much time in which to do it. In the Huygens system, the Impossible Possible World was observed to return from its much-heralded expedition, appearing on the starline that had shown the unprecedented anomaly. Instantly, without a clock tick's delay, the Impossible broadcast a market order. That was already a dozen ways illegal. If the Impossible had made a scientific discovery, it should have broadcast the experimental results openly before attempting to trade on them. Otherwise the result was not profit but chaos, as traders throughout the market refused to deal with you; just conditioning on the fact that you wanted to sell or buy from them, was reason enough for them not to. The whole market seized up as hedgers tried to guess what the hidden e...

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is Three Worlds Collide, Part 8: Epilogue: Atonement (8/8), published by Eliezer Yudkowsky. Fire came to Huygens. The star erupted. Stranded ships, filled with children doomed by a second's last delay, still milled around the former Earth transit point. Too many doomed ships, far too many doomed ships. They should have left a minute early, just to be sure; but the temptation to load in that one last child must have been irresistable. To do the warm and fuzzy thing just this one time, instead of being cold and calculating. You couldn't blame them, could you...? Yes, actually, you could. The Lady Sensory switched off the display. It was too painful. On the Huygens market, the price of a certain contract spiked to 100%. They were all rich in completely worthless assets for the next nine minutes, until the supernova blast front arrived. "So," the Lord Pilot finally said. "What kind of asset retains its value in a market with nine minutes to live?" "Booze for immediate delivery," the Master of Fandom said promptly. "That's what you call a -" "Liquidity preference," the others chorused. The Master laughed. "All right, that was too obvious. Well... chocolate, sex -" "Not necessarily," said the Lord Pilot. "If you can use up the whole supply of chocolate at once, does demand outstrip supply? Same with sex - the value could actually drop if everyone's suddenly willing. Not to mention: Nine minutes?" "All right then, expert oral sex from experienced providers. And hard drugs with dangerous side effects; the demand would rise hugely relative to supply -" "This is inane," the Ship's Engineer commented. The Master of Fandom shrugged. "What do you say in the unrecorded last minutes of your life that is not inane?" "It doesn't matter," said the Lady Sensory. Her face was strangely tranquil. "Nothing that we do now matters. We won't have to live with the consequences. No one will. All this time will be obliterated when the blast front hits. The role I've always played, the picture that I have of me... it doesn't matter. There's... a peace... in not having to be Dalia Ancromein any more." The others looked at her. Talk about killing the mood. "Well," the Master of Fandom said, "since you raise the subject, I suppose it would be peaceful if not for the screaming terror." "You don't have to feel the screaming terror," the Lady Sensory said. "That's just a picture you have in your head of how it should be. The role of someone facing imminent death. But I don't have to play any more roles. I don't have to feel screaming terror. I don't have to frantically pack in a few last moments of fun. There are no more obligations." "Ah," the Master of Fandom said, "so I guess this is when we find out who we really are." He paused for a moment, then shrugged. "I don't seem to be anyone in particular. Oh well." The Lady Sensory stood up, and walked across the room to where the Lord Pilot stood looking at the viewscreen. "My Lord Pilot," the Lady Sensory said. "Yes?" the Lord Pilot said. His face was expectant. The Lady Sensory smiled. It was bizarre, but not frightening. "Do you know, my Lord Pilot, that I had often thought how wonderful it would be to kick you very hard in the testicles?" "Um," the Lord Pilot said. His arms and legs suddenly tensed, preparing to block. "But now that I could do it," the Lady Sensory said, "I find that I don't really want to. It seems... that I'm not as awful a person as I thought." She gave a brief sigh. "I wish that I had realized it earlier." The Lord Pilot's hand swiftly darted out and groped the Lady Sensory's breast. It was so unexpected that no one had time to react, least of all her. "Well, what do you know," the Pilot said, "I'm just as much of a pervert as I thought. My self-estimate was more accurate than yours, nyah nyah -" The Lady Sensory kneed him in the gr...

Matthew McConaughey writes in his book, Green Lights,“Cool is a natural law. If it was cool for THAT time, then it is cool for ALL time. A fad is just a branch on Cool's trunk; a fashionable fling whose 15 minutes can never abide, no matter how long she trends to try. Cool stands the test of time, because cool never tries. Cool just is.” My friend Crazy Tony taught me about “cool” 45 years ago when we attended Broken Arrow High School together. Tony made a lot of money buying and selling old cars. I was known as Beatermaker because Tony was forever frustrated by my uncanny ability to drive a fabulous car and, within a week, make it look like a beater. “Beatermaker,” he said, “every guy who has found an old car in perfect condition believes he has found a gold mine. But it's almost never true. If a car wasn't highly desirable when it was new, no one wants it 20, 30, or 50 years later. But if a car was admired and desired on the day it was born, it will be cool forever, no matter what condition it's in.” That was the insight that made Crazy Tony tens of thousands of dollars when we were in high school. The passage of time, the recklessness of the human race, and the slow smokeless burning of decay make old things rare. But it it does not make them wonderful. Remarkable buildings and books and paintings and songs don't get better with age. They were wonderful the day they were born. I know it, Matthew McConaughey knows it, and now you know it. But what makes them wonderful?Wonderful things were touched by someone who knew the secret of wonder and how to capture it. When you know how to capture wonder, you carry it in your head, your heart, and your hands. You glitter when you walk. Isaac Newton knew how to capture wonder and he passed the secret of it forward in just 14 words. Countless millions have read those words and assumed Newton was talking about himself. He was not. Newton was giving you his most precious advice. He was telling you how to capture wonder. He was telling you how to glitter when you walk. In 1675, Newton wrote, “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.” Isaac Newton stood on the shoulders of Galileo, Kepler, and Copernicus in astronomy, Huygens, Euclid, Henry Briggs, and Isaac Barrow in math, Kepler and Descartes in optics, and Plato, Aristotle, and Maimonides in philosophy. Newton combined the insights of all these men and made them uniquely his own. Choose your giants. Stand on their shoulders. Repurpose the proven.Vincent Van Gogh stood on the shoulders of Monticelli and Hiroshige. Long after they were dead, they taught him how to paint. He studied their paintings, captured their wonder, and made it uniquely his own. Johnny Depp stood on the shoulders of Pepe Le Pew, the cartoon skunk, and Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones. They taught him how to become Captain Jack Sparrow. Depp studied their mannerisms, captured their wonder, and made it uniquely his own. I stand on the shoulders of John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, Robert Frost, Asimov, Tolkien, Paul Harvey, and Edwin Arlington Robinson. They taught me how to write. In fact, I borrowed “the slow smokeless burning of decay” from Robert Frost and “glitter when you walk” from Robinson. They don't mind. Each of them stood on the shoulders of giants of their own choosing. Do you have time for me to give you one more example?In the rabbit hole you'll find “Summer Wine,” a hit song written by Lee Hazlewood that made the Billboard Hot 100 in 1967. When you listen to it, you will think it sounds like a movie score. This is because Hazlewood took three famous movie themes that don't belong together and made them fit. He captured their wonder and made it uniquely his own. Yes, cognoscenti, you understand. The 3 giants on whose shoulders Hazlewood was standing are obvious. First, you have Nancy Sinatra sounding like every Disney Princess in every Disney movie ever made. And then you...

Christiaan Huygens sagt heute nur Fachleuten etwas. Dabei gehört der Gelehrte aus dem 17. Jahrhundert in eine Reihe mit Größen wie Galileo Galilei oder Isaac Newton. Huygens entwarf eine Wellentheorie des Lichts, beobachtete Planeten und begründete die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. „Die Wellen des Lichts“ beleuchtet sein wundersames Wissenschaftler-Leben – eine lohnende Lektüre. Rezension von Dirk Lorenzen. Aus dem Englischen von Elsbeth Ranke und Sabine Reinhardus Hanser Verlag, 512 Seiten, 28 Euro ISBN 978-3-446-26770-1

On our first mission-focused episode, we tackle the joint NASA/ESA Cassini-Huygens mission that studied the Saturn system from 2004 to 2017. Over those 13 years (about one half of a Saturn year), the Cassini orbiter collected a vast dataset for studying Saturn's iconic rings, enigmatic icy moons, and the gas giant itself, while the Huygens lander made a brief visit to the surface of the hazy moon Titan. We discuss the basics of the Saturn system, the Cassini-Huygens mission, and its major findings, but first — a brief chat on China's successful landing of a rover on Mars. 00:32 - China is on Mars! 13:00 - Basics of the Saturnian system and pre-Cassini history,  34:22 - Cassini mission architecture and findings.  Cassini links:  Overview of the Cassini-Huygens mission (Matson et al., 2002),  Overview of Huygens landing on Titan (Owen, 2005),  Saturn's icy moons before and after Cassini (Dougherty & Spilker, 2018),  Overview of Cassini-Huygens results (Spilker, 2019), More detailed review of Saturn findings (Ingersoll, 2020).