Podcasts about Causation

As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Are the laws of physics governing forces or elegant summaries? In this deep and often humorous debate, Barry Loewer of Rutgers and Eddy Chen of UC San Diego clash over the very nature of physical reality. Are the laws of nature real, mind independent constraints that shape what's possible or are they human made descriptions of observed patterns? Together they explore metaphysics, causation, probability, and whether the universe is truly ruled by anything at all. A must watch for anyone questioning the foundations of science itself. Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4gL14b92xAErofYQA7bU4e Timestamps: 00:00 The Nature of Physical Reality 42:28 The Circularity of Scientific Understanding 1:05:44 Reality Explored 1:08:28 Describing Human Experience 1:10:10 The Role of Science 1:10:58 Understanding Motion and Laws 1:12:19 The Nature of Laws 1:14:55 Possible Worlds in Philosophy 1:18:05 Configuration Space Debate 1:21:10 Quantum Mechanics and Reality 1:22:50 Metaphysical Necessity 1:27:13 The Nature of Free Will 1:30:14 Bridging Philosophy and Science 1:32:05 Constraints and Freedom 1:34:57 Philosophical Disputes 1:39:08 The Journey of Learning 2:05:16 Teaching and Learning Dynamics 2:07:23 Closing Reflections Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠Barry's published papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=n_RTOwO00oEC&hl=en •⁠ ⁠Eddy's published papers: https://arxiv.org/a/chen_e_1.html •⁠ ⁠Neil Turok on TOE: https://youtu.be/ZUp9x44N3uE •⁠ ⁠Greg Chaitin on TOE: https://youtu.be/zMPnrNL3zsE •⁠ ⁠Leonard Susskind on TOE: https://youtu.be/2p_Hlm6aCok •⁠ ⁠Emily Adlam on TOE: https://youtu.be/6I2OhmVWLMs •⁠ ⁠Laws of Nature and Chances (book): https://www.amazon.com/Laws-Nature-Chances-Breathes-Equations/dp/0198907699 •⁠ ⁠Laws of Physics (book): https://www.amazon.com/Laws-Physics-Elements-Philosophy/dp/100901272X/ref=sr_1_1?crid=1CHA72RYFUOI8&dib=eyJ2IjoiMSJ9.OjkhTXRzZw_SWTMFZp8dUtREsTxacKuwg03AsLUUp6qLCuygS74CtEgujWl7wMvVEt-ErFEz-CfFLiiXTmuUCwKq0TW4WLFIA3DIhDNVaV4.gRuqaZldjUa8Kv_j1ew-CfZGQqtdt00X55fyMZ9NGD4&dib_tag=se&keywords=eddy+chen&qid=1749667626&s=books&sprefix=eddy+chen%2Cstripbooks%2C128&sr=1-1 •⁠ ⁠On the Plurality of Worlds (book): https://www.amazon.com/Plurality-Worlds-David-K-Lewis/dp/0631224262 •⁠ ⁠Tim Maudlin on TOE: https://youtu.be/fU1bs5o3nss •⁠ ⁠Tim Maudlin and Tim Palmer on TOE: https://youtu.be/883R3JlZHXE •⁠ ⁠How Physics Makes Us Free (book): https://www.amazon.com/How-Physics-Makes-Us-Free/dp/0190269448 •⁠ ⁠From Time Asymmetry to Quantum Entanglement (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.05029 •⁠ ⁠Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://youtu.be/7oWip00iXbo •⁠ ⁠Realism with a Human Face (book): https://www.amazon.com/Realism-Human-Face-Hilary-Putnam/dp/0674749456 •⁠ ⁠Causation and Laws of Nature in Early Modern Philosophy (book): https://www.amazon.com/Causation-Nature-Early-Modern-Philosophy/dp/0199664684/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0 •⁠ ⁠The Maniac (book): https://www.amazon.com/MANIAC-Benjamin-Labatut/dp/0593654471 •⁠ ⁠When We Cease to Understand the World (book): https://www.amazon.com/When-We-Cease-Understand-World/dp/1681375664 •⁠ ⁠Eddy's paper on time and nature: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.09226 SUPPORT: - Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join - Support me on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal - Support me on Crypto: https://commerce.coinbase.com/checkout/de803625-87d3-4300-ab6d-85d4258834a9 - Support me on PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=XUBHNMFXUX5S4 SOCIALS: - Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt - Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Podcast sponsors:1) Trinergy Health offers a 6-month program for mind-body recovery and wellness. Based on the foundational framework of Diet/trauma/toxins. To schedule an intake appointment, go to https://psychiatry2.com/schedule/ or call 262-955-6601. Use code Rav10 to get 10% discount for holistic psychiatry program.2) Alcami Elements - a natural, adaptogenic herbal supplement to kickstart your day! https://www.alcamielements.com/ Receive 10% OFF first order or 30% OFF subscription order using code: ILLUSIONIn this episode, Rav is joined by journalist and author Mia Hughes (The WPATH Files) for a wide-ranging conversation on the rise of gender dysphoria, particularly among adolescent girls. They explore the psychological and cultural forces driving this trend, including trauma, social contagion, and the influence of online communities. Mia shares her personal journey and offers a critical perspective on gender-affirming care, the phenomenon of autogynephilia, and the concept of diagnostic overshadowing—where gender identity becomes the sole focus of treatment at the expense of underlying mental health conditions. Together, they reflect on the ethical dilemmas within the trans rights movement, the medicalization of nonconforming identity, and the growing cultural shift toward victimhood over resilience.Chapters:00:00 Introduction to Gender Affirming Care02:02 Mia Hughes' Journey and Background05:20 The WPATH Files and Medical Scandal07:49 Statistics and Social Contagion in Gender Dysphoria12:55 Counterarguments: Transgender Identification vs. Homosexuality15:45 The Nature of Gender Dysphoria21:16 Understanding Autogynephilia27:26 The Impact of Trans Rights Movement33:01 Comparing Autogynephilia and Homosexuality40:23 Understanding Autogynephilia and Its Implications44:04 The Debate on Gender-Affirming Care50:29 Demographics of Gender Dysphoria58:49 The Role of Trauma in Gender Dysphoria01:12:32 Causation vs Correlation in Gender Identity01:14:58 Understanding Mental Health: Symptoms vs. Explanations01:18:47 The Role of Trauma in Mental Health01:21:35 The DSM and the Nature of Psychiatric Diagnoses01:24:29 The Impact of Labels on Mental Health01:27:48 Mindfulness and Mental Health01:32:23 The Utility of Diagnoses in Self-Discovery01:36:34 Navigating ADHD and Attention Issues01:42:11 The Paradox of Modern Life and Mental Health01:45:53 Victimhood Culture and Mental Health Perspectives This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.illusionconsensus.com/subscribe

Send us a text*Causal Inference From Human Behavior, Reproducibility Crisis & The Power of Causal Graphs*Is Jonathan Heidt right that social media causes the mental health crisis in young people?If so, how can we be sure?Can other disciplines learn something from the reproducibility crisis in Psychology, and what is multiverse analysis?Join us for a conversation on causal inference from human behavior, the reproducibility crisis in sciences, and the power of causal graphs!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Audio version available on YouTube: https://youtu.be/YQetmI-y5gMRecorded on May 16, 2025, in Leipzig, Germany.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*About The Guest*Julia Rohrer, PhD, is a researcher and personality psychologist at the University of Leipzig. She's interested in the effects of birth order, age patterns in personality, human well-being, and causal inference. Her works have been published in top journals, including Nature Human Behavior. She has been an active advocate for increased research transparency, and she continues this mission as a senior editor of Psychological Science. Julia frequently gives talks about good practices in science and causal inference. You can read Julia's blog at https://www.the100.ci/*Links*Papers- Rohrer, J. (2024) "Causal inference for psychologists who think that causal inference is not for them" (https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/spc3.12948)- Bailey, D., ..., Rohrer, J. et al (2024) "Causal inference on human behaviour" (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01939-z.epdf)- Rohrer, J. et al (2024) "The Effects of Satisfaction with Different Domains of Life on GenInspiring Tech Leaders - The Technology PodcastInterviews with Tech Leaders and insights on the latest emerging technology trends.Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifySupport the showCausal Bandits PodcastCausal AI || Causal Machine Learning || Causal Inference & DiscoveryWeb: https://causalbanditspodcast.comConnect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aleksandermolak/Join Causal Python Weekly: https://causalpython.io The Causal Book: https://amzn.to/3QhsRz4

Summary In this episode, Ali Damron introduces the concept of neuroplastic symptoms, explaining how they manifest as real physical symptoms generated by the brain and nervous system. She discusses the importance of understanding neuroplastic pain, the confusion surrounding correlation versus causation in medical diagnoses, and the cycle of fear that can exacerbate symptoms. Ali emphasizes the brain's ability to rewire itself and the potential for healing through awareness and understanding of these processes. She encourages listeners to explore resources and take actionable steps towards healing. Takeaways Neuroplastic symptoms can change your view on health. Symptoms like pain and fatigue are brain-generated. Chronic pain often has neuroplastic origins. Correlation does not imply causation in medical tests. Many people have abnormal scans without symptoms. Fear can exacerbate the symptom cycle. Healing requires understanding the brain's role. You are not broken; healing is possible. Resources are available for understanding neuroplastic pain. You have the power to heal yourself. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Neuroplastic Symptoms 01:01 Understanding Neuroplastic Pain 05:35 The Confusion of Correlation vs. Causation 10:11 Breaking the Symptom Fear Cycle 12:31 Path Forward and Resources     Ali's Resources:  Calm the Chaos: Practical Tips and Tools for Stopping Anxiety in It's Tracks Course! Consults with Ali  BIOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough 10% off using code ALIDAMRON10 www.alidamron.com/magnesium Master Your Perimenopause Course + Toolkit "Am I in Perimenopause?" Checklist.  What Hormone is Imbalanced? Quiz! Fullscript (Get 10% off all supplements) "How To Balance Your Hormones For Better Sleep, Mood, Periods and Energy" Free, On Demand Training Website  Ali's Instagram Ali's Facebook Group: Holistic Health with Ali Damron 

In this episode of “Beyond the Pill: Demystifying Evidence, Numbers & Causation in Psychopharmacology,” we pull back the curtain on how psychiatric medications earn their stripes—and what their numbers really mean. You'll learn: • Why all studies aren't created equal, from meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials down to cohort studies and case reports, and the ethical or practical reasons behind each design. • How to interpret NNT (Number Needed to Treat) and NNH (Number Needed to Harm) so you can weigh benefits against risks in plain English. • The danger of assuming causation from correlation, illustrated by the classic post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy—think ice cream sales and shark attacks—and how the Bradford Hill criteria help us tease out true cause-and-effect relationships.Whether you're a patient curious about why your psychiatrist chose a particular drug or a clinician sharpening your critical-thinking toolkit, this episode will give you the evidence-based perspective you need to make informed decisions—beyond the pill.

Tattoos have long been intertwined with culture, identity, and rebellion—but in recent years, they've also become the subject of deeper psychological inquiry, especially in relation to trauma. While initial reports highlighted that many trauma survivors turn to tattoos as a "coping mechanism" or "form of expression," feedback has made it clear: we need to go deeper.Rather than settling on surface-level generalizations, we should explore the psychological mechanisms that may drive tattoo acquisition post-trauma. One plausible hypothesis is that tattoos serve as a form of self-verification—a way to regain a sense of coherence and control over identity after it has been destabilized by trauma. For some, the permanence of ink provides a counterpoint to the impermanence of safety, love, or self-worth they've previously experienced.Another possible explanation lies in embodied cognition. Research suggests that physical alterations to the body can alter internal emotional states. For trauma survivors, tattooing—especially in areas associated with prior harm or vulnerability—may serve as a tactile form of emotional reprocessing. The pain of the needle itself may also invoke a cathartic release, aligning with studies on pain offset relief, which demonstrate how controlled physical pain can produce short-term emotional regulation.Of course, there's a key distinction to be made between correlation and causation. While studies, including one cited from Germany, have found higher incidences of childhood trauma among those with tattoos, this does not mean that tattoos are a direct result of trauma. Rather, they may reflect a broader set of behavioral patterns—risk-taking, identity exploration, or social signaling—that become more pronounced in individuals with unresolved psychological wounds.Additionally, tattoos may function as narrative anchors. Survivors of trauma often struggle to construct coherent life stories. Tattoos—especially those with symbolic or mythological resonance like Medusa—can help externalize these narratives, acting as visual milestones in one's journey toward healing or transformation.That said, it's crucial not to paint all tattooed individuals with a single psychological brush. Many people, including those who have never experienced trauma, are drawn to tattoos for cultural, aesthetic, or even spiritual reasons. Some celebrate the ritual of body modification as a form of belonging to tribal or ancestral traditions, while others simply enjoy the art.The cultural divide is real. Critics still associate tattoos with promiscuity, rebellion, or poor decision-making—sometimes in overtly misogynistic terms, as seen in comments labeling tattooed women as having a “high body count” or “self-identifying 304s.” These reactions say more about societal biases than the inked individuals themselves.Meanwhile, tattoo enthusiasts—many of whom have been getting inked since adolescence—often view the practice as a lifelong journey of self-discovery and connection. As one heavily tattooed commenter reflected, “One day I kind of asked myself, why did I start doing this?” That introspective question reveals the deeper layers behind a seemingly simple act.In the end, tattoos are not inherently trauma-linked—but for some, they become a canvas where pain, power, and purpose intersect. Whether you're drawn to the ink for healing, heritage, or purely for art, understanding the psychological undercurrents invites a more empathetic—and scientifically rigorous—conversation.Contact KOP for professional podcast production, imaging, and web design services at http://www.kingofpodcasts.comSupport KOP by subscribing to his YouTube channel and search for King Of PodcastsFollow KOP on X or TikTok or LinkedIn @kingofpodcastsFind KOP's other programs, Podcasters Row… and the Wrestling is Real Wrestling Podcast and The Broadcasters Podcast at http://www.kingofpodcasts.comBuy KOP a Coffee https://buymeacoffee.com/kingofpodcastsDrop KOP a PayPal https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=3TAB983ZQPNVLDrop KOP a CashApp https://cash.app/$kingofallpodcastsBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/depraved-and-debaucherous--5267208/support.

Podcast Show Notes: Scoliosis Treatment with Dr. Tony Nalda Episode Title: What Are the Different Types of Scoliosis? Episode Summary: Not all scoliosis is the same. While a diagnosis of “scoliosis” can sound straightforward, the type, cause, location, and severity of the curve make a huge difference in how it should be treated. In this episode of Scoliosis Treatment with Dr. Tony Nalda, we break down the different types of scoliosis, what causes them, and how these distinctions impact treatment decisions. If you or a loved one has been told, "You have scoliosis," this episode is essential for understanding what that truly means—and why personalized care is key to long-term success. Key Topics Covered: ✅ How Scoliosis Is Diagnosed: Defined as a sideways spinal curve of 10° or more, with rotation Measured using a Cobb angle on spinal X-rays Severity Categories: Mild: 10–25° Moderate: 25–40° Severe: 40°+ Very Severe: 80°+ ✅ Types of Scoliosis Based on Cause: Idiopathic Scoliosis (80% of cases): No clear cause; most common form Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most typical subtype Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Secondary to conditions like cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or tethered cord Often linked to poor muscle tone or connective tissue dysfunction Congenital Scoliosis: Caused by malformations during fetal development, such as hemivertebrae Degenerative (De Novo) Scoliosis: Develops later in life due to asymmetrical spinal degeneration, often from old injuries or unresolved misalignments Traumatic Scoliosis: Caused by a severe injury, such as a fall or accident ✅ Types of Scoliosis Based on Curve Location: Cervical (Neck) Thoracic (Mid-Back) Lumbar (Lower Back) Thoracolumbar (Transitional Area) Multi-curve presentations such as double major or cervicothoracic scoliosis ✅ Why Curve Type and Cause Matter in Treatment: Treatment plans must consider: Causation (neuromuscular, congenital, idiopathic, etc.) Curve location Severity at diagnosis Age and growth stage These factors help determine whether a patient would benefit most from: Chiropractic-based conservative treatment Bracing Specialized exercises Therapy tailored to their unique curve pattern Key Takeaways: ➡️ Saying "you have scoliosis" is too vague—type, cause, and location all affect treatment strategy.➡️ Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common, but other types like neuromuscular or degenerative require very different approaches.➡️ Every scoliosis curve has the potential to progress—that's why addressing the structural problem early is essential.➡️ At Scoliosis Reduction Center, treatment plans are built around each patient's specific curve and contributing factors. Resources & Links:

Welcome to this week's episode of The Mixtape with Scott. Today's podcast guest is our 127th guest on the show—Vitor Possebom, Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at the Fundação Getulio Vargas. Vitor's research sits at the intersection of two areas — econometrics and causal inference, and policy evaluation in Latin America, particularly Brazil. His contributions revolve around refining and extending tools for estimating causal effects in observational data, especially under common data imperfections like selection bias, measurement error, and treatment effect heterogeneity.* Sample selection and marginal treatment effects (e.g., “Identifying Marginal Treatment Effects in the Presence of Sample Selection” (Journal of Econometrics), “Crime and Mismeasured Punishment” (Review of Economics and Statistics))* Misclassification and measurement error (e.g., “Potato Potahto in the FAO-GAEZ Productivity Measures?”)* Inference and sensitivity in synthetic control methods (e.g., “Cherry Picking with Synthetic Controls”, “Synthetic Control Method: Inference, Sensitivity Analysis and Confidence Sets”)* Probability of causation in non-experimental settings (e.g., “Probability of Causation with Sample Selection”)I invited Vitor onto the podcast because of his creative contributions to causal inference, as he fits into a larger informal series I've been for the last several years on causal inference in general. In today's conversation, we talk about Vitor's path from Brazil to Yale University and then back. Vitor, thank you so much for joining us.Scott's Mixtape Substack is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Get full access to Scott's Mixtape Substack at causalinf.substack.com/subscribe

PodChatLive 180: Adidas develop shoe for runners with Down Syndrome, Do orthoses for plantar fasciitis need heel plugs, & When bad science tries to force a causation between foot posture and back painContact us: getinvolved@podchatlive.comLinks from todays episode:Adidas, FCB develop shoe just for Down syndrome runnersHELPP (HeEL Pain Pathways) Feasibility StudyCustom-made foot orthoses with and without heel plugs and their effect on treatment outcomes and plantar pressures in patients with plantar fasciitisFlat Foot and Lower Back Pain: An Association and Implications for Treatment

Title: Journal Club Series Episode 11- Measurement of association and effect (eg, correlation & causation) Target Audience This activity is directed to physicians, medical students, nurse practitioners, nurses, and physician assistants. Objectives: Upon completion of this activity, participants should be able to:      Review measurement of association and effect.      Review relative risk & Odds ratio.  Course Directors: Tony R. Tarchichi MD — Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC.) Paul C. Gaffney Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine. No relationships with industry relevant to the content of this educational activity have been disclosed. Matthew Wilkinson MD, MPH - Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School Dr. Wilkinson discloses that he is a consultant for Koru Medical and is a stockholder with EM Device Lab. Conflict of Interest Disclosure: No other planners, members of the planning committee, speakers, presenters, authors, content reviewers and/or anyone else in a position to control the content of this education activity have relevant financial relationships to disclose. Accreditation Statement: In support of improving patient care, the University of Pittsburgh is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team.  The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine designates this enduring material activity for a maximum of 0.5 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Other health care professionals will receive a certificate of attendance confirming the number of contact hours commensurate with the extent of participation in this activity.   Disclaimer Statement: The information presented at this activity represents the views and opinions of the individual presenters, and does not constitute the opinion or endorsement of, or promotion by, the UPMC Center for Continuing Education in the Health Sciences, UPMC / University of Pittsburgh Medical Center or Affiliates and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.  Reasonable efforts have been taken intending for educational subject matter to be presented in a balanced, unbiased fashion and in compliance with regulatory requirements. However, each program attendee must always use his/her own personal and professional judgment when considering further application of this information, particularly as it may relate to patient diagnostic or treatment decisions including, without limitation, FDA-approved uses and any off-label uses. Released 4/15/2025,  Expires 4/15/2028 The direct link to the course is provided below: https://cme.hs.pitt.edu/ISER/app/learner/loadModule?moduleId=25794&dev=true

Welcome back to the Bar Exam Toolbox podcast! Today we're exploring some complex aspects of criminal law that frequently appear on exams -- the felony murder rule and causation in homicide cases. We have included an analysis of two hypothetical scenarios to illustrate these legal principles. In this episode, we discuss: Review of the felony murder rule Which felonies are considered inherently dangerous? The death of a co-felon rule Causation in homicide cases, and when is the chain of causation broken? Analysis of two hypothetical criminal law scenarios Resources: "Listen and Learn" series (https://barexamtoolbox.com/bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-archive-by-topic/bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-explaining-individual-mee-and-california-bar-essay-questions/#listen-learn) Podcast Episode 87: Listen and Learn – Homicide  (https://barexamtoolbox.com/podcast-episode-87-listen-and-learn-homicide/) Download the Transcript (https://barexamtoolbox.com/episode-309-listen-and-learn-felony-murder-and-causation-criminal-law/) If you enjoy the podcast, we'd love a nice review and/or rating on Apple Podcasts (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-pass-bar-exam-less-stress/id1370651486) or your favorite listening app. And feel free to reach out to us directly. You can always reach us via the contact form on the Bar Exam Toolbox website (https://barexamtoolbox.com/contact-us/). Finally, if you don't want to miss anything, you can sign up for podcast updates (https://barexamtoolbox.com/get-bar-exam-toolbox-podcast-updates/)! Thanks for listening! Alison & Lee

Elements of a Crime: A crime generally has two components: the actus reus, the physical or external part, and the mens rea, the mental or internal feature. The actus reus generally includes a voluntary act that causes social harm. Causation links the voluntary act to the social harm. The requirement of a voluntary act is generally an implicit element of criminal statutes supported by common law. In exceptional cases, an omission (failure to act when there is a legal duty) can serve as the basis for criminal responsibility. A duty to act can arise from common law, statute, or contract. Most human acts are considered voluntary, with involuntary acts including reflexive actions, spasms, seizures, and movements during unconsciousness or sleep.Mens rea refers to criminal intent or a "guilty mind". It is the state of mind statutorily required to convict a defendant of a particular crime. The prosecution typically must prove mens rea beyond a reasonable doubt. The Model Penal Code (MPC) categorizes culpable mental states into four levels: purposely, knowingly, recklessly, and negligently.Concurrence (or contemporaneity) is the need to prove that the actus reus and mens rea occurred simultaneously, except in strict liability crimes. The single transaction principle allows a sequence of inevitably linked events to be viewed as one transaction, where mens rea formed at any point during the sequence can suffice.Classification of Crimes: Crimes can be classified in several ways, most commonly as felonies (punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year) and misdemeanors (lesser offenses usually punishable by a fine or incarceration for less than one year). Crimes are also categorized as inchoate offenses and strict liability offenses. At common law, there were nine major felonies and various misdemeanors.Inchoate Offenses: Inchoate offenses (attempt, solicitation, and conspiracy) involve steps taken toward committing another crime, even if the final harmful result does not occur. Attempt involves preparatory conduct that comes dangerously close to success (common law proximity test) or constitutes a substantial step strongly corroborative of criminal purpose (MPC substantial step test). Solicitation occurs when one intentionally entices another to commit a crime. Conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to commit an unlawful act, coupled with an overt act in furtherance of the agreement. The Pinkerton doctrine can hold a conspirator liable for foreseeable crimes committed by co-conspirators. The merger doctrine often prevents conviction for both an attempt or solicitation and the completed offense, but conspiracy typically does not merge. Renunciation or withdrawal may be a defense to inchoate offenses in some jurisdictions.Specific Crimes: Homicide is the unlawful killing of a human being, categorized into murder, manslaughter, and sometimes criminally negligent homicide. Murder is typically defined as unlawful killing with malice aforethought. US law for murder varies by jurisdiction, often with degrees of murder (first, second, sometimes third) and different classifications in the Model Penal Code (purposely/knowingly, reckless, negligent). Property crimes include larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, robbery, burglary, and arson, each involving different ways property rights are violated.Defenses to Criminal Liability: Defenses are broadly divided into justifications (admitting actus reus and mens rea but claiming the act was legally permissible) and excuses (conceding the act was wrongful but arguing the actor should not be held criminally responsible). Justification defenses include self-defense, defense of others, defense of property, necessity, and law enforcement privilege. Excuse defenses include insanity, intoxication, duress, entrapment, and mistake.The insanity defense concerns the defendant's state of mind, potentially negating mens rea, with various legal tests like the M'Naghten Rule, Durh

Send us a text*Agents, Causal AI & The Future of DoWhy*The idea of agentic systems taking over more complex human tasks is compelling.New "production-grade" frameworks to build agentic systems pop up, suggesting that we're close to achieving full automation of these challenging multi-step tasks.But is the underlying agentic technology itself ready for production?And if not, can LLM-based systems help us making better decisions?Recent new developments in the DoWhy/PyWhy ecosystem might bring some answers.Will they—combined with new methods for validating causal models now available in DoWhy—impact the way we build and interact with causal models in industry?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video version available on Youtube: https://youtu.be/8yWKQqNFrmYRecorded on Mar 12, 2025 in Bengaluru, India.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*About The Guest*Amit Sharma is a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research and one of the original creators of the open-source Python library DoWhy, considered the "scikit-learn of causal inference." He holds a PhD in Computer Science from Cornell University. His research focuses on causality and its intersection with LLM-based and agentic systems. Amit deeply cares about the social impact of machine learning systems and sees causality as one of the main drivers of more useful and robust systems.Connect with Amit:- Amit on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amitshar/- Amit on BlueSky:- Amit 's web page: http://amitsharma.in/*About The Host*Everyday AI: Your daily guide to grown with Generative AICan't keep up with AI? We've got you. Everyday AI helps you keep up and get ahead.Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifySupport the showCausal Bandits PodcastCausal AI || Causal Machine Learning || Causal Inference & DiscoveryWeb: https://causalbanditspodcast.comConnect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aleksandermolak/Join Causal Python Weekly: https://causalpython.io The Causal Book: https://amzn.to/3QhsRz4

Today we are joined by physicist and philosopher Emily Adlam for her first appearance on Theories of Everything to challenge one of the deepest assumptions in science: that time flows. In this thought-provoking conversation, Adlam presents her “all-at-once” view of physics, where the universe is more like a completed Sudoku puzzle than a film playing forward. We explore the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, the role of the observer, the illusion of causality, and why these foundational questions demand both philosophical clarity and scientific precision. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠Emily's profile: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Emily-Adlam •⁠ ⁠Spooky Action at a Temporal Distance (paper): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7512241/pdf/entropy-20-00041.pdf •⁠ ⁠Quantum Field Theory and the Limits of Reductionism (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.20457 •⁠ ⁠Two Roads of Retrocausality (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2201.12934 •⁠ ⁠Taxonomy for Physics Beyond Quantum Mechanics (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2309.12293 •⁠ ⁠Strong Determinism (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2203.02886 •⁠ ⁠Carlo Rovelli on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hF4SAketEHY •⁠ ⁠Stephen Wolfram on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YRlQQw0d-4 •⁠ ⁠Emily interviewed about Nonlocality: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iR7aPlZg7dE&ab_channel=GeorgeMusser •⁠ ⁠Tim Palmer on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlklA6jsS8A •⁠ ⁠Tim Maudlin on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fU1bs5o3nss •⁠ ⁠Algorithmic Randomness and Probabilistic Laws (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.01411 •⁠ ⁠Governing Without a Fundamental Direction of Time (paper): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.09226 •⁠ ⁠Matt Segal on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DeTm4fSXpbM •⁠ ⁠Jacob Barandes on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo&list=PLZ7ikzmc6zlN6E8KrxcYCWQIHg2tfkqvR&index=33 •⁠ ⁠Sabine Hossenfelder on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E3y-Z0pgupg&t=1s •⁠ ⁠Bernardo Kastrup and Sabine on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJmBmopxc1k&t=755s&ab_channel=CurtJaimungal •⁠ ⁠Sean Carroll on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9AoRxtYZrZo Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction 00:56 Observers in Quantum Mechanics 02:15 The Measurement Problem 06:23 Dogmas in Quantum Foundations 08:24 Causation and Its Philosophical Implications 09:12 The Arrow of Time and Its Mysteries 10:28 Exploring Coarse Graining and Reductionism 13:21 Non-Locality: Temporal vs. Spatial 16:06 The Nature of Non-Locality 19:34 Temporal Non-Locality and Its Implications 21:51 Retrocausality: The All-at-Once Perspective 26:25 The Measurement Problem and All-at-Once Framework 28:24 Observer-Centric Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics 31:29 Probabilities in Physics 32:51 The Process Matrix and Causal Structures 38:33 Foundations of Physics and Philosophy 1:05:16 The Emergence of Space-Time 1:08:11 Exploring Correlations in Physical Parameters 1:10:44 Epistemology of the Measurement Problem 1:13:26 Lessons in Patience and Persistence Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is the third part of our series exploring the work of psychologist Daniel Kahneman, and how it relates to aviation. In this episode, we're looking at cognitive ease and our tendency to mistake correlation for causation.

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Correlation or causation for the miracle GLP-1 drugs. Hour 3 4/7/2025 full 1994 Mon, 07 Apr 2025 21:00:00 +0000 ngLal5OyBYHJDND4z3CPL2jmjPkNSPpW news The Dana & Parks Podcast news Correlation or causation for the miracle GLP-1 drugs. Hour 3 4/7/2025 You wanted it... Now here it is! Listen to each hour of the Dana & Parks Show whenever and wherever you want! 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News False https://player.amperwav

Steven Myers of the Pharaoh's Pump Foundation joins us to discuss the fascinating idea, and engineering, that the Great Pyramid of Giza was once a water pump, a kind of Egyptian aqueduct system used to create incredible property for its builders. The idea was first proposed by Edward Kunkel in the mid-20th century, though there are hints of this idea within the writings of Herodotus and mainline archeological facts such as: water tight construction, the pyramid retaining wall, and a limestone facing long since removed. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/tst-radio--5328407/support.

Today on Like It Matters Radio Mr. Black is going to school his listeners on the reality of life. Choices have consequences. The book of Amos makes some statements about the Chain of Causation, the Law of Causality. Can two walk together without agreeing where to go? Does a lion roar in the forest when he has no prey? Does a young lion growl in his den if he has caught nothing? Does a bird land in a snare where no bait has been set? Does a trap spring from the ground when it has nothing to catch? If a ram’s horn sounds in a city, do the people not tremble? If calamity comes to a city, has the LORD not caused it? Amos 3:3-6. Today Mr. Black will be joined by Kelsey Pritchard with the Women Speak Out PAC. Today they will be talking about the political contest for Wisconsin Supreme Court between Liberal pro abortionist, Susan Crawford and the conservative Pro Life candidate Brad Schimel. They will discuss the National importance of this local race. But in the bigger picture Mr. Black wants to listeners to understand the Butterfly effect; That any change, changes all things. That our choices create an environment that others who follow will be constrained by! Tune in for your HOUR OF POWER as Mr. Black and guest discuss, The Butterfly Effect- Sins of the Father. Inspiration, Education and Application!! Can two walk together without agreeing where to go? Does a lion roar in the forest when he has no prey? Does a young lion growl in his den if he has caught nothing? Does a bird land in a snare where no bait has been set? Does a trap spring from the ground when it has nothing to catch? If a ram’s horn sounds in a city, do the people not tremble? If calamity comes to a city, has not the LORD caused it? Surely the Lord GOD does nothing without revealing His plan to His servants the prophets. The lion has roared—who will not fear? The Lord GOD has spoken—who will not prophesy? - Amos 3:3-8 BSBWarrior;What a litany of statements. These are all CAUSE-and-EFFECT statements, natural laws- the WAY THINGS WORK: IF ‘A’ THEN ‘B’. If you put your hand into fire, you WILL GET BURNED. God has always forewarned us, He wants to make sure that people know that CHOICES have CONSEQUENCES and God wants none to perish. The Lord is not slack concerning His promise, as some count slackness, but is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance (2 Pet 3:9) God has a plan and He has YOUR PLAN. He promises us, HE HAS THIS, we just need to have FAITH. Faith has consequences, it allows us to be all that God has intended for us to be! “For I know the plans I have for you,” declares the LORD, “plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future. For we are God’s handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do”. (Jeremiah 29:11, Ephesians 2:10) Believing God’s WORD is called Faith! Without Faith it is impossible to please God. The Consequences of FAITH, pays huge dividends in the Kingdom of God and allows us to be used for God’s purpose NOW! Be sure to Like and Follow us on our facebook page!www.facebook.com/limradio Instagram @likeitmattersradioTwitter @likeitmatters Get daily inspiration from our blog www.wayofwarrior.blog Learn about our non profit work at www.givelikeitmatters.com Check out our training website www.LikeItMatters.Net Always available online at www.likeitmattersradio.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Send us a textWhat happens when we no longer consume scarce information through trusted, verified institutions, but instead through an abundance of unbundled content without context or curation? John Green, rising star in political science from Duke University, takes us on a tour of the rapidly evolving  landscape of political information.Green challenges conventional wisdom about how ideologies function, arguing they're not so much coherent philosophical systems as they are socially shared belief networks. In these networks, most people specialize in just one or two issues they deeply care about, while adopting their coalition's positions on everything else. This creates an environment where signaling group loyalty becomes crucial—explaining why people sometimes make outrageous claims not despite their falsity, but precisely because the willingness to say something costly signals authentic commitment.The conversation takes an illuminating turn when Green unpacks his groundbreaking research on "curation bubbles." Unlike echo chambers or filter bubbles, these environments emerge when people strategically share content based on its utility for their side, regardless of source. A conservative might enthusiastically share a New York Times article criticizing Democrats, while generally dismissing the publication as biased. This selective curation creates information environments that are neither completely closed nor genuinely diverse.Perhaps most troubling is Green's insight about misinformation in the digital age. The real danger isn't simply false claims from unreliable sources, but rather the strategic repurposing of true information to create misleading narratives. When accurate statistics or facts are stripped of context and woven into deceptive frameworks, traditional fact-checking approaches fall short.As we navigate this unbundled media landscape, the question remains: can we rebuild institutions that verify and curate information effectively? The answer may determine the future of our shared reality and democratic discourse.Jon Green at Duke"Curation Bubbles" in APSRConverse on Belief SystemsMunger on "Direction of Causation"Letter Response:Sweden is NOT socialist!  (If you don't believe me, believe Andreas Bergh...)Book'o'da Month:  Alexander Kirshner, Legitimate Opposition, 2022, Yale University Press.  ISBN:  9780300243468. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300243468/legitimate-opposition/Excellent podcast with Kirshner on the book. If you have questions or comments, or want to suggest a future topic, email the show at taitc.email@gmail.com ! You can follow Mike Munger on Twitter at @mungowitz

The best investors know how to spot opportunities AND avoid costly mistakes.We explore real-life examples of how even the smartest people sometimes confuse correlation with causation. And we look at 5 specific ways that investors can fall into the same trap.

Join us for a provocative episode on Brain in a Vat as we rejoin the infamous Stephen Kershnar, whose prior discussions have made headlines. This episode delves into affirmative action, demographic considerations in education and employment, and the ethics of statistical predictions informed by race.The discussion debates the legitimacy and consequences of using race, gender, and other demographic factors in decision-making processes across various fields, from medicine and law to parole decisions. The episode explores the balance between fairness and efficiency, and whether algorithms could replace human judgment in critical decisions.Don't miss this thought-provoking exploration of some of today's most contentious issues.[00:00] Introduction and Guest Reintroduction[00:25] Affirmative Action and Medical Care[02:23] Market Preferences and Performance[08:08] Challenges of Colorblind Policies[17:44] Fair vs. Unfair Discrimination[26:05] Statistical Predictors vs. Demographic Predictors[27:45] Correlation vs. Causation in Performance Prediction[31:31] IQ and Performance in Medicine[33:27] The Ethics of Using Demographics in Decision Making[41:59] Algorithmic Decision Making in Justice and BeyondCheck out FeedSpot's list of 90 best philosophy podcasts, where Brain in a Vat is ranked at 15, here: https://podcast.feedspot.com/philosophy_podcasts/

******Support the channel******Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thedissenterPayPal: paypal.me/thedissenterPayPal Subscription 1 Dollar: https://tinyurl.com/yb3acuuyPayPal Subscription 3 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ybn6bg9lPayPal Subscription 5 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/ycmr9gpzPayPal Subscription 10 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y9r3fc9mPayPal Subscription 20 Dollars: https://tinyurl.com/y95uvkao ******Follow me on******Website: https://www.thedissenter.net/The Dissenter Goodreads list: https://shorturl.at/7BMoBFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/thedissenteryt/Twitter: https://x.com/TheDissenterYT This show is sponsored by Enlites, Learning & Development done differently. Check the website here: http://enlites.com/ Dr. Lauren N. Ross is an Associate Professor in the Logic and Philosophy of Science Department at the University of California, Irvine. Her research concerns explanation and causation in biology, neuroscience, and medicine. This work involves interrelated projects that address: the nature of explanation in these sciences, different causal structures and explanation types, and the rationale that guides particular forms of causal reasoning in these domains. In this episode, we talk about causation and explanation in science. We start with causation, its different meanings, and different types of causation. We then talk about scientific explanation, the link between causation and explanation, and causal complexity in psychiatry. Finally, we discuss how to communicate about causality to the general public.--A HUGE THANK YOU TO MY PATRONS/SUPPORTERS: PER HELGE LARSEN, JERRY MULLER, BERNARDO SEIXAS, ADAM KESSEL, MATTHEW WHITINGBIRD, ARNAUD WOLFF, TIM HOLLOSY, HENRIK AHLENIUS, FILIP FORS CONNOLLY, DAN DEMETRIOU, ROBERT WINDHAGER, RUI INACIO, ZOOP, MARCO NEVES, COLIN HOLBROOK, PHIL KAVANAGH, SAMUEL ANDREEFF, FRANCIS FORDE, TIAGO NUNES, FERGAL CUSSEN, HAL HERZOG, NUNO MACHADO, JONATHAN LEIBRANT, JOÃO LINHARES, STANTON T, SAMUEL CORREA, ERIK HAINES, MARK SMITH, JOÃO EIRA, TOM HUMMEL, SARDUS FRANCE, DAVID SLOAN WILSON, YACILA DEZA-ARAUJO, ROMAIN ROCH, DIEGO LONDOÑO CORREA, YANICK PUNTER, CHARLOTTE BLEASE, NICOLE BARBARO, ADAM HUNT, PAWEL OSTASZEWSKI, NELLEKE BAK, GUY MADISON, GARY G HELLMANN, SAIMA AFZAL, ADRIAN JAEGGI, PAULO TOLENTINO, JOÃO BARBOSA, JULIAN PRICE, EDWARD HALL, HEDIN BRØNNER, DOUGLAS FRY, FRANCA BORTOLOTTI, GABRIEL PONS CORTÈS, URSULA LITZCKE, SCOTT, ZACHARY FISH, TIM DUFFY, SUNNY SMITH, JON WISMAN, WILLIAM BUCKNER, PAUL-GEORGE ARNAUD, LUKE GLOWACKI, GEORGIOS THEOPHANOUS, CHRIS WILLIAMSON, PETER WOLOSZYN, DAVID WILLIAMS, DIOGO COSTA, ALEX CHAU, AMAURI MARTÍNEZ, CORALIE CHEVALLIER, BANGALORE ATHEISTS, LARRY D. LEE JR., OLD HERRINGBONE, MICHAEL BAILEY, DAN SPERBER, ROBERT GRESSIS, IGOR N, JEFF MCMAHAN, JAKE ZUEHL, BARNABAS RADICS, MARK CAMPBELL, TOMAS DAUBNER, LUKE NISSEN, KIMBERLY JOHNSON, JESSICA NOWICKI, LINDA BRANDIN, NIKLAS CARLSSON, GEORGE CHORIATIS, VALENTIN STEINMANN, PER KRAULIS, ALEXANDER HUBBARD, BR, MASOUD ALIMOHAMMADI, JONAS HERTNER, URSULA GOODENOUGH, DAVID PINSOF, SEAN NELSON, MIKE LAVIGNE, JOS KNECHT, ERIK ENGMAN, LUCY, MANVIR SINGH, PETRA WEIMANN, CAROLA FEEST, STARRY, MAURO JÚNIOR, 航 豊川, TONY BARRETT, BENJAMIN GELBART, NIKOLAI VISHNEVSKY, AND STEVEN GANGESTAD!A SPECIAL THANKS TO MY PRODUCERS, YZAR WEHBE, JIM FRANK, ŁUKASZ STAFINIAK, TOM VANEGDOM, BERNARD HUGUENEY, CURTIS DIXON, BENEDIKT MUELLER, THOMAS TRUMBLE, KATHRINE AND PATRICK TOBIN, JONCARLO MONTENEGRO, AL NICK ORTIZ, NICK GOLDEN, AND CHRISTINE GLASS!AND TO MY EXECUTIVE PRODUCERS, MATTHEW LAVENDER, SERGIU CODREANU, BOGDAN KANIVETS, ROSEY, AND GREGORY HASTINGS!

In this episode, Curt Jaimungal speaks with Jacob Barandes, a theoretical physicist from Harvard, about the complexities of quantum mechanics. They explore wave-particle duality, Jacob's reformulation of quantum theory through indivisible stochastic processes, and the historical perspectives of figures like Schrödinger and Einstein. As a listener of TOE you can get a special 20% off discount to The Economist and all it has to offer! Visit https://www.economist.com/toe Join My New Substack (Personal Writings): https://curtjaimungal.substack.com Listen on Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/SpotifyTOE Become a YouTube Member (Early Access Videos): https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdWIQh9DGG6uhJk8eyIFl1w/join Links Mentioned: •⁠ ⁠Watch Part 1 of this conversation here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaS1usLeXQM •⁠ ⁠Jacob's talks covering many of his points in this conversation: https://www.youtube.com/@JacobBarandesPhilOfPhysics •⁠ ⁠Jacob's first appearance on TOE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oWip00iXbo •⁠ ⁠New Prospects for a Causally Local Formulation of Quantum Theory (Jacob's paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.16935 •⁠ ⁠The Stochastic-Quantum Correspondence (Jacob's paper): https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.10778 •⁠ ⁠Schrodinger's wave function paper (1926): https://github.com/yousbot/Quantum-Papers/blob/master/1926%20-%20E.%20Schrodinger%2C%20An%20Undulatory%20Theory%20of%20the%20Mechanics%20of%20Atoms%20and%20Molecules.pdf •⁠ ⁠The Born-Einstein Letters (book): https://www.amazon.com/Born-Einstein-Letters-1916-1955-Friendship-Uncertain/dp/1403944962/ •⁠ ⁠Probability Relations Between Separated Systems (paper) : https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/schrodinger/Schrodinger-1936.pdf •⁠ ⁠John Bell on Bertlemann's socks (paper): https://cds.cern.ch/record/142461/files/198009299.pdf •⁠ ⁠John Bell on the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox (paper): https://journals.aps.org/ppf/pdf/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195 •⁠ ⁠Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete'? (paper): https://journals.aps.org/pr/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 •⁠ ⁠Causation as Folk Science (paper): https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/003004.pdf Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 06:01 Wave-Particle Duality Explained 08:44 Distinctions Between Waves 10:36 Quantum Field Theory Insights 15:10 Research Directions in Quantum Physics 24:27 Challenges in Quantum Field Theory 31:38 Quantum Mechanics vs. General Relativity 35:47 Fluctuations in Spacetime 45:09 Probabilistic General Relativity 54:00 Bell's Theorem and Non-Locality 1:20:48 The Nature of Causation in Physics 1:23:52 Causation in Modern Science 1:30:26 Reichenbachian Factorization Debates 1:31:44 Bell's Theorem Evolution 1:35:45 Indivisible Stochastic Approach 1:38:17 Understanding Entanglement 1:42:28 Information and Black Holes 1:45:44 Phase Information Loss 1:49:03 Heisenberg and Copenhagen Interpretation 1:52:29 The Nature of Electrons 1:53:09 Exploring Open Research Questions 1:59:09 Probabilities in Statistical Mechanics 2:11:30 Problems with Many Worlds Interpretation 2:27:42 Challenges of Probability in Many Worlds 2:35:14 The Case for a New Interpretation 2:43:11 Building a Collaborative Reputation Support TOE on Patreon: https://patreon.com/curtjaimungal Twitter: https://twitter.com/TOEwithCurt Discord Invite: https://discord.com/invite/kBcnfNVwqs #science #quantummechanics #quantumphysics #physics Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Send us a textUnlock rapid improvements in your health by focusing on what truly matters: causation. In this video, I introduce a simple yet powerful problem-solving framework that can transform your approach to wellness. By applying the 'Four C's' - Condition, Causation, Correction, and Confirmation - you can effectively address the root causes of health issues rather than just the symptoms. Discover how understanding and correcting causation can activate your body's natural self-healing mechanisms. Ready to take control of your health? Join me and learn how to enhance your wellbeing quickly!Support the show

This lecture covers the core principles of criminal law, focusing on the elements of a crime, crimes against persons and property, and inchoate offenses. Elements of a Crime: Actus Reus is the physical component of a crime, requiring a voluntary act or a legal duty to act. Involuntary acts do not satisfy actus reus. A failure to act can be criminal if there's a legal duty, such as by statute, contract, special relationship, voluntary assumption of care, or creation of peril. Mens Rea refers to the mental state of the defendant, categorized by the Model Penal Code as purpose (intent), knowledge, recklessness, and negligence. Purpose is a conscious objective to engage in prohibited conduct. Knowledge means awareness that conduct will cause a specific result. Recklessness is a conscious disregard of a substantial and unjustifiable risk. Negligence is the failure to be aware of a substantial and unjustifiable risk. Causation must be established for crimes that require a specific result. Actual cause is when the harm would not have occurred "but for" the defendant's actions, while proximate cause means the defendant is legally responsible for foreseeable consequences. Crimes Against the Person: Homicide is the unlawful killing of a human being. Common Law Murder requires malice aforethought, including intent to kill, intent to inflict serious bodily harm, depraved heart disregard for human life, or felony murder. First-degree murder involves premeditation, while second-degree murder includes intentional but unpremeditated killings or deaths caused by an extreme disregard for life. Manslaughter includes voluntary manslaughter, a killing mitigated by adequate provocation, and involuntary manslaughter, an unintentional killing resulting from criminal negligence or during a non-dangerous unlawful act. Crimes Against Property: Larceny is the trespassory taking and carrying away of another's tangible personal property with intent to permanently deprive. Robbery is larceny committed with force or threat of force. Burglary is the breaking and entering of a structure with the intent to commit a crime inside. Arson is the malicious burning of a building. Inchoate Offenses and Accomplice Liability: Attempt is taking a substantial step toward committing a crime with the intent to complete it. Solicitation is intentionally encouraging another to commit a crime with the intent that the crime be committed. Conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime, plus an overt act in furtherance of the agreement. Accomplice liability extends criminal responsibility to those who aid or encourage the commission of a crime. This lecture serves as an introduction to substantive criminal law, which will be followed by a discussion of defenses to crimes and criminal procedure.

Send us a textFrom Quantum Causal Models to Causal AI at SpotifyCiarán loved Lego.Fascinated by the endless possibilities offered by the blocks, he once asked his parents what he could do as an adult to keep building with them.The answer: engineering.As he delved deeper into engineering, Ciarán noticed that its rules relied on a deeper structure. This realization inspired him to pursue quantum physics, which eventually brought him face-to-face with fundamental questions about causality.Today, Ciarán blends his deep understanding of physics and quantum causal models with applied work at Spotify, solving complex problems in innovative ways.Recently, while collaborating with one of his students, he stumbled upon a new interesting question: could we learn something about the early history of the universe by applying causal inference methods in astrophysics?Could we? Hear it from Ciarán himself.Join us for this one-of-a-kind conversation!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Video version and episode links available on YouTubeRecorded on Nov 6, 2024 in Dublin, Ireland.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------About The GuestCiarán Gilligan-Lee is Head of the Causal Inference Research Lab at Spotify and Honorary Associate Professor at University College London. He got interested in causality during his studies in quantum physics. This interest led him to study quantum causal models. He published in Nature Machine Intelligence, Nature Quantum Information, Physical Review Letters, New Journal of Physics and more. In his free time, he writes for New Scientist and helps his students apply causal methods in new fields (e.g., astrophysics).Connect with Ciarán:- Ciarán on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ciaran-gilligan-lee/- Ciarán's web page: https://www.ciarangilliganlee.com/About The HostAleksander (Alex) Molak is an independent machine learning researcher, educator, entreSupport the showCausal Bandits PodcastCausal AI || Causal Machine Learning || Causal Inference & DiscoveryWeb: https://causalbanditspodcast.comConnect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aleksandermolak/Join Causal Python Weekly: https://causalpython.io The Causal Book: https://amzn.to/3QhsRz4

Send us a textWhen is the violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute a False Claims Act liability? In this episode, Captain Integrity Bob Wade explains the scenario given a recent district court decision. Hear how the “But For” Causation Standard works under the False Claims Act (FCA) and Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS), how the language has changed under the Anti-Kickback Statute, why the issues brought forward were bifurcated, how sales reps played into the decision, and an analogy involving roller coasters & Cedar Point. Learn more at CaptainIntegrity.com 

Choices and Consequences, the Alpha and Omega; The Cause and effect! Do you ever wonder how we got to where we are in our country today? The pandemic of poor mental health. 40-60% of college graduates are not prepared for the workforce. People can’t eat with someone who votes differently. People killing and maiming unknown people just to hurt people. Americans are having fewer kids, if they have any at all. Men are struggling starting families, getting homes and choosing to just checking out. 60% of our population has chronic disease, where 50 years ago it was 6%. It is time to go back to the basics. We can fix this dilemma by remembering how things work, and what is important. The Law of Causality and the Chain of Causation is science. If you plant wheat, the only thing that will grow- if anything grows, is wheat! From our choices come consequences. The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results. Today’s listeners will be reminded of everything they needed to know they learned in kindergarten and be introduced to “Wrong Way Riegels”. The time is NOW to be inspired to choose differently! The Time is Now for Like It Matters Radio. Radio that is Inspiration, Education and Application! Be sure to Like and Follow us on our facebook page!www.facebook.com/limradio Instagram @likeitmattersradioTwitter @likeitmatters Get daily inspiration from our blog www.wayofwarrior.blog Learn about our non profit work at www.givelikeitmatters.com Check out our training website www.LikeItMatters.Net Always available online at www.likeitmattersradio.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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FF: Correlation is not Causation If you confuse the 2 it may not be good for your life or your investing. Understanding the root cause of something allows you to make better investment decisions. www.RealPowerFamily.com Info@ClearSkyTrainer.com 833-Be-Do-Have (833-233-6428)

Send us a textStefan Feuerriegel is the Head of the Institute of AI in Management at LMU.His team consistently publishes work on causal machine learning at top AI conferences, including NeurIPS, ICML, and more.At the same time, they help businesses implement causal methods in practice.They worked on projects with companies like ABB Hitachi, and Booking.com.Stefan believes his team thrives because of its diversity and aims to bring more causal machine learning to medicine.I had a great conversation with him, and I hope you'll enjoy it too!>> Guest info:Stefan Feuerriegel is a professor and the Head of the Institute of AI in Management at LMU. Previously, he worked as a consultant at McKinsey & Co. and ran his own AI startup.>> Episode Links:Papers- Feuerriegel, S. et al. (2024) - Causal machine learning for predicting treatment outcomes (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-02902-1)- Kuzmanivic, M. et al. (2024) - Causal Machine Learning for Cost-Effective Allocation of Development Aid (https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.16986)- Schröder, M. et al. (2024) - Conformal Prediction for Causal Effects of Continuous Treatments (https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.03094)>> WWW: https://www.som.lmu.de/ai/>> LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/stefan-feuerriegel/Support the showCausal Bandits PodcastCausal AI || Causal Machine Learning || Causal Inference & DiscoveryWeb: https://causalbanditspodcast.comConnect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/aleksandermolak/Join Causal Python Weekly: https://causalpython.io The Causal Book: https://amzn.to/3QhsRz4

Does TXA cause hypotension or is it just correlated due to the types of trauma patients it's indicated for? Link to full podcast: https://creators.spotify.com/pod/show/dennis3211/episodes/Prolonged-Field-Care-Podcast-212-TXA-e2sss55

We take a DEEP DIVE into lesbian culture, to ascertain why ALL lesbians drive Subaru Outbacks! Our discoveries will BLOW YOUR MIND!Video on YouTube at youtube.com/@badcomedypodcastFor the EXCLUSIVE Weekly GOOD Episodes, with High Profile Guests, find them ONLY on Patreon.com/BadcomedyHosts: Mack Nepper @badboyofcomedyDylan Mahler @comedybaddieAlexandra D @coinshortageRecorded at BAD COMEDY! Studios Chicago, IL PLEASE LIKE AND SUBSCRIBE!_________________________________________________Follow Bad Comedy! PodcastIG/FB/Tik Tok/YouTube- @badcomedypodcastLinkTree: linktr.ee/badcomedypodcast______________________________________________________________#comedypodcast #comedy #funny #standupcomedy #chicagocomedy #podcast #satire #satirecomedy #absurdcomedy #absurdist #comedian #comedians #edgelord #edgy #offensive #offensivehumor #politics #president #history #cool

In this episode, we focus on the link between periodontal disease and the systemic effects on the human body. There's more to oral hygiene than just saving our teeth, so let's dive into this fascinating episode with Dr Reena Wadia to learn more about the importance of perio and how it is associated with the rest of our health. https://youtu.be/fldpB_8h2Dc Watch GF024 on Youtube Key Takeaways: There is a strong link between gum health and systemic health. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are key conditions linked to gum health. Understanding correlation vs. causation is crucial in dental practice. Effective communication with patients can improve treatment outcomes. Treating pregnant patients for periodontal health is safe and beneficial. Proper diagnosis is essential for effective dental treatment. Patients are often unaware of the links between gum health and overall wellness. Motivating patients with health benefits can enhance compliance. Evidence-based dentistry is vital for accurate patient information. Add the word diagnosis to templates for clarity. Team collaboration (dental and medical practices) enhances patient care effectiveness. Screening for conditions like diabetes can save lives. Holistic care in dentistry is becoming increasingly important. A periodontal protocol is crucial for consistent care. Need to Read it? Check out the Full Episode Transcript below! Highlights of this episode:  3:50 Introduction to Dr Reena Wadia 7:14 Systemic Link 12:24 Under Investigation 13:54 Using this with our Patients 17:04 Birthweight-related Studies and Pregnancy 20:14 Make a Periodontal Diagnosis 23:34 Medicine and Dentistry Collaboration 26:29 Understanding the Patient 29:14 HbA1c Machine 32:19 The Perio Handbook This episode is eligible for 0.5 CE credits via the quiz on Protrusive Guidance.  This episode meets GDC Outcome A, B and D. AGD Code: 490 PERIODONTICS (Pathophysiology of periodontal disease)  Aim: To enhance dentists' understanding of the link between periodontal health and systemic diseases, enabling them to integrate evidence-based periodontal care into their clinical practice. Learning Outcomes: Knowledge and Application: Dentists will gain a thorough understanding of the bi-directional relationship between periodontal disease and systemic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and learn how to apply this knowledge in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes. Patient Education: Dentists will acquire practical strategies for effectively educating patients about the systemic implications of periodontal health, using analogies, visual aids, and evidence-based communication methods. Holistic Treatment Planning: Dentists will learn how to incorporate systemic health considerations, such as screening for diabetes or collaborating with medical professionals, into their periodontal treatment plans to deliver comprehensive care. Enhance your knowledge with Dr. Reena Wadia's Perio School and establish a habit of implementing Perio protocols in your practice. Don't forget to grab a copy of the Perio Handbook by Dr. Reena for valuable insights! If you enjoyed this episode, check out: Communication Masterclass for Periodontal Disease [B2B] – PDP086 Click below for full episode transcript: Teaser: When you hear stories like that, it's like, could that have been undiagnosed diabetes, heart attack, et cetera, et cetera. So I feel so privileged being able to have that ability to do that test on our patients. And yeah, it's not the nicest thing to say to someone, you might have diabetes, but actually like that could save someone's life. Teaser:The guidelines now are, for example, for diabetics, once they've been diagnosed with diabetes, they're supposed to see their dentist, but they need to push it more, because they definitely push the eye appointments,

This week, we discuss the approach of health and self-care with a gainer who also happens to be a medical professional! How do we strike that balance between indulgence and self-care? And when it comes to understanding the argument of Health v. Fat, is it a case of correlation or causation? Who are we? We're James and Tim; two gainers who want to explore everything about gaining and feedism. New episodes will come out every Tuesday, so please subscribe! Rate us five stars, leave us a review, donate to support us and share this episode with your friends. You can find us on our socials below if you want to contact us, but until next time, bye fats! James Instagram: s.t.a.n.n.u.m BlueSky: stannnum.bsky.social Tim Instagram: thickey_mouse Grommr: orpheus Twitter: thickey_mouse YouTube: thickey_mouse TikTok: thickey_mouse Special Guest | Andy Grommr: dandybuns Thicc Radio Instagram: thiccradio TikTok: thiccradio YouTube: thiccradio Website: ⁠⁠⁠podpage.com/thiccradio/⁠⁠⁠ Email: ⁠⁠⁠thethiccradio@gmail.com --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thiccradio/support

Today I discuss my struggles with assigning meaning in variables that do not already hold it. I hope to give insight on identifying irrational thoughts and overcoming limiting beliefs!

Steven Myers of the Pharaoh's Pump Foundation joins us to discuss the fascinating idea, and engineering, that the Great Pyramid of Giza was once a water pump, a kind of Egyptian aqueduct system used to create incredible property for its builders. The idea was first proposed by Edward Kunkel in the mid-20th century, though there are hints of this idea within the writings of Herodotus and mainline archeological facts such as: water tight construction, the pyramid retaining wall, and a limestone facing long since removed. -FREE ARCHIVE (w. ads)SUBSCRIPTION ARCHIVEX / TWITTER FACEBOOKWEBSITEPAYPALCashApp: $rdgable EMAIL: rdgable@yahoo.com / TSTRadio@protonmail.comBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/tst-radio--5328407/support.

(***TIMESTAMPS in description below) ~ Wesley Huff is the Central Canada Director for Apologetics Canada and has participated in numerous public dialogues, debates, and interfaith events on issues of faith, belief, and religion across North America.  PATREON https://www.patreon.com/JulianDorey  FOLLOW JULIAN DOREY INSTAGRAM (Podcast): https://www.instagram.com/juliandoreypodcast/   INSTAGRAM (Personal): https://www.instagram.com/julianddorey/   X: https://twitter.com/julianddorey  WES'S LINKS Website: https://www.wesleyhuff.com/ IG: https://www.instagram.com/wesley_huff/# X: https://x.com/WesleyLHuff YT: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJX2EazMKUqBQV048px2aoA LISTEN to Julian Dorey Podcast Spotify ▶ https://open.spotify.com/show/5skaSpDzq94Kh16so3c0uz   Apple ▶ https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/trendifier-with-julian-dorey/id1531416289  JULIAN YT CHANNELS - SUBSCRIBE to Julian Dorey Clips YT: https://www.youtube.com/@juliandoreyclips   - SUBSCRIBE to Julian Dorey Daily YT: https://www.youtube.com/@JulianDoreyDaily   OTHER JDP EPISODES MENTIONED IN THIS EPISODE - Episode 145 - Michio Kaku: https://youtu.be/IQN6_xY9TAM  - Episode 180 - Lawrence Krauss: ​​https://youtu.be/AZdbBXFqQYw  - Episode 124 - Paul Rosolie: https://youtu.be/eytcGavv5ck  - Episode 175 - Luke Caverns: https://youtu.be/IQN6_xY9TAM  - Episode 176 - Luke Caverns: ​​https://youtu.be/AZdbBXFqQYw  ****TIMESTAMPS**** 00:00 - Wesley's Texas Mentor Library, Apologetics Christian Background, Faith Healers 11:26 - Wrestling with God, Confirmation Bias (Solis Scriptura) Argument 18:32 - Telephone Game Study (Wes' History Background), Jesus Crucifixion Quran's Argument 26:37 - Socrates “Don't Read Too Much” = Memorization, Rome Planning Christian Genocide 34:06 - 4 Main Gospels of the Bible (Earliest Gospel), Apostle Stephen 42:46 - Nero Burning Christians, Earliest Confessions of Christian Faith, Edict of Milan 55:33 - Purpose of Council of Nicea, Creating New Covenant, Descendants of the Disciples 01:04:02 - Hidden Books of the Bible, Evidence of Process of Tying Bibles Together, Story of David 01:17:07 - Issues in Non-Gospels, Jesus a Pagan Mystic (Gospel of Phillip Issue) 01:22:32 - Council of Nicea & Pax Romana, DaVinci Code Debunked 01:33:46 - Codex Sinaiticus, Book of John in Greek Translation, Women Compiled Christian Faith 01:43:31 - Christians Did Not Invent Codex, What Were the Scriptures Then (Codex Sinaiticus) 01:47:13 - Billy Carson Sinai Bible, Saint Nicholas Story (Santa), Da Vinci Code is Wrong 01:55:56 - Mary Magdalene a Prostitute?, Sex Before Marriage (Importance of Sex) 02:08:56 - Judaism compared to Christianity (Sermon on the Mount), Trans-Continental Religion,  02:19:18 - Israel (City on a Hill), Expertise on Dead Languages, Early Religions 02:30:12 - Texas Sharpshooter Philosophy (Correlation vs Causation), Jesus Mysticism 02:33:21 - Bible Translations & Wes' Website Translations, Differences of Bibles 02:45:31 - Danny Jones Podcast (Ammon Hillman Response) 03:04:46 - Book of Enoch 03:12:11 - How Angels, Cherubim, or ACTUALLY Portrayed, Nephilim Explained, Ethiopian Bible CREDITS: - Host & Producer: Julian D. Dorey - In-Studio Producer & Editor: Alessi Allaman - https://www.youtube.com/@alessiallaman Julian Dorey Podcast Episode 257 - Wesley Huff Music by Artlist.io

Landman TV's latest drama brings a $2M well workover and a fiery defense of the energy industry to life, and we're here for all the twists. Billy Bob's passion for oilfield justice and Tommy's risky bet on a 35-year-old well have us questioning what's real and what's just TV magic. From boomtown politics to behind-the-scenes land deals, this episode doesn't hold back, and neither do we. We're breaking down the authenticity of the action, the wild country club dynamics, and the family drama that hits way too close to home. Whether you're an oil patch pro or just love a good story, this discussion spills the tea on how Landman walks the line between entertainment and the real world.Digital Wildcatters brings the energy community together through events, cutting-edge content, and powerful tools. Join our online community at collide.io. Engage with experts, level up your career, and ask Collide AI your toughest technical questions.Click here to watch a video of this episode. 00:00 - Intro00:44 - Episode 3 Overview01:37 - Monty's $2M Workover & Country Club Tab13:25 - Tommy's Visit to the Widow17:40 - Hyperbole in Landman23:18 - Storytelling Challenges in Oil & Gas26:35 - Episode 4 Overview27:54 - Settlement Talks in Landman29:50 - Favorite Line from Episode 430:33 - Episode 4: Causation of Liability Explained33:06 - Having Sex with the Lawyer Discussion36:59 - George Strait Concert Experience37:40 - Matt's Final Thoughts on Episodes41:47 - Wind Turbines in Energy Sectorhttps://www.instagram.com/digitalwildcattershttps://www.tiktok.com/@digitalwildcattershttps://www.facebook.com/digitalwildcattershttps://twitter.com/DWildcatters

Questions include whether one needs to know all the published arguments for and against God before making a decision on his existence.

I have mentioned these two words in at least one or two other prior podcasts. I received a couple questions about what exactly I mean when I use these words in trading, and this is definitely worthy of an entire topic. Naturally the words in English are fairly easy to define and understand, and yes that is the general meeting that they have been trading. But specific examples can show you how they can be confusing and harmful to your trading. Tune in for more.Set up a free coaching session with Paul:https://calendly.com/dts-paul/coaching-session-w-paulThe DTS Free Stuff Page:https://disciplinedtradingstrategies.com/free-stuffTo learn more, visit:http://disciplinedtradingstrategies.comListen to more episodes on Mission Matters:https://missionmatters.com/author/paul-lange

Confusing correlation for causation is one of the most common flaws that you'll encounter on the LSAT. Until you learn to spot it, you're leaving points on the table. This week, Nathan and Ben demonstrate a three-step process for objecting to an argument that confuses correlation for causation. Later, the guys analyze a listener's underperformance on her official tests. They weigh in on practice test frequency. And they investigate a low-ranked law school that offers a laughable perk to early decision applicants. Study with our Free Plan Download our iOS app Watch Episode 481 on YouTube 1:44 - Logical Reasoning: Weaken - The guys tackle a Weaken question from PrepTest 141. Try the question for yourself, then listen to Nathan and Ben's explanation. 18:19 - Test Violation - Remote LSAT test takers are prohibited from using mobile hotspots. An anonymous listener didn't know this and their test was canceled as a result. The guys advise Anonymous on how to proceed. 23:26 - Don't Rush Your Applications - Listener Melany isn't ready to apply to law school, but she risks getting kicked out of her prelaw assistance program if she doesn't apply this cycle. Ben and Nathan discuss Melany's options and urge her not to settle for a low LSAT score. 33:52 - Replicating Practice Test Success - Listener Victoria has underperformed on two official test attempts. Nathan and Ben share tips on how to replicate her practice test scores when she takes the official test. 45:45 - Practice Test Schedule - LSAT Demon student Jess asks if she should avoid taking full practice tests until she's improved her timed section scores. Ben and Nathan encourage Jess not to overhype her practice tests. 50:39 - What's the Deal with…? - Nathan and Ben investigate the admissions stats and job outcomes at Liberty University School of Law. 1:11:55 - Tips from a Departing Demon - LSAT Demon student Reese writes: “Feign interest and read carefully. There is no need to highlight. Just ensure you're understanding what you're reading, and you'll be fine.” 1:16:15 - Word of the Week - Ben and Nathan show predatory law schools their due obloquy.

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Geoffrey Shugen Arnold, Roshi - ZMM - 9/27/24 - What we need to understand about karma is basically that the web of causation is vast and far beyond our conscious comprehension. By taking responsibility for our thoughts, words and actions, we are setting the course for wholesome actions. This is the heart of moral and ethical teachings, and the nature of the enlightened mind itself.

In the realm of nutrition science and health, understanding the intricate relationship between various factors and health outcomes is crucial yet challenging. How do we determine whether a specific nutrient genuinely impacts our health, or if the observed effects are merely coincidental? This intriguing question brings us to the core concepts of correlation and causation. You've likely heard the adage “correlation is not causation,” but what does this truly mean in the context of scientific research and public health recommendations? Can a strong association between two variables ever imply a causal relationship, or is it always just a statistical coincidence? These questions are not merely academic; they are pivotal in shaping the guidelines that influence our daily lives. For instance, when studies reveal a link between high sodium intake and hypertension, how do scientists distinguish between a mere correlation and a true causal relationship? Similarly, the debate around LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular disease hinges on understanding whether high cholesterol levels directly cause heart disease, or if other confounding factors are at play. Unraveling these complexities requires a deep dive into the standards of proof and the different models used to assess causality in scientific research. As we delve into these topics, we'll explore how public health recommendations are formed despite the inherent challenges in proving causality. What methods do scientists use to ensure that their findings are robust and reliable? How do they account for the myriad of confounding variables that can skew results? By understanding the nuances of these processes, we can better appreciate the rigorous scientific effort that underpins dietary guidelines and health advisories. Join us on this exploration of correlation, causation, and the standards of proof in nutrition science. Through real-world examples and critical discussions, we will illuminate the pathways from observational studies to actionable health recommendations. Are you ready to uncover the mechanisms that bridge the gap between scientific evidence and practical health advice? Let's dive in and discover the fascinating dynamics at play. Timestamps: 01:32 Understanding Correlation and Causation 03:54 Historical Perspectives on Causality 06:33 Causal Models in Health Sciences 14:53 Probabilistic vs. Deterministic Causation 30:52 Standards of Proof in Public Health 36:44 Applying Causal Models in Nutrition Science 58:54 Key Ideas Segment (Premium-only) Links: Enroll in the next cohort of our Applied Nutrition Literacy course Go to episode page Subscribe to Sigma Nutrition Premium Receive our free weekly email: the Sigma Synopsis Related episode: 343 – Understanding Causality in Nutrition Science

Order a copy of my book, "Passion Struck: Twelve Powerful Principles to Unlock Your Purpose and Ignite Your Most Intentional Life," today! This book, a 2024 must-read chosen by the Next Big Idea Club, has garnered multiple accolades, including the Business Minds Best Book Award, the Eric Hoffer Award, and the Non-Fiction Book Awards Gold Medal. Don't miss out on the opportunity to transform your life with these powerful principles!In this episode of Passion Struck, host John R. Miles interviews Professor Alex Edmans on the importance of critical thinking in a post-truth world. Edmans discusses biases such as confirmation bias and black-and-white thinking that affect how people interpret information. He highlights examples like the Brexit referendum and the narrative fallacy to illustrate how misinformation can influence decision-making. The episode emphasizes the need to scrutinize information, disentangle correlation from causation, and consider different perspectives to make informed decisions in a world filled with misinformation.Full show notes and resources can be found here: https://passionstruck.com/alex-edmans-critical-thinking-a-post-truth-world/In this episode, you will learn:Post-truth world: Misinformation is prevalent and people tend to believe what aligns with their biases and identity, rather than facts.Data interpretation: Data can be manipulated to support a particular narrative, leading to misleading conclusions.Narrative fallacy: Creating a cause-effect explanation where none exists, often seen in successful books and talks that present a simplified story to explain success.Causation vs. correlation: Understanding the difference is crucial to avoid misinterpreting data and drawing incorrect conclusions.Context matters: Cultural context influences how information is perceived and spread, highlighting the importance of understanding different perspectives.Critical thinking: Applying critical thinking skills to scrutinize information, consider alternativeAll things Alex Edmans: https://alexedmans.com/SponsorsBrought to you by Clariton, fast and powerful relief is just a quick trip away. Ask for Claritin-D at your local pharmacy counter. You don't even need a prescription! Go to “CLARITIN DOT COM” right now for a discount so you can Live Claritin Clear.--► For information about advertisers and promo codes, go to:https://passionstruck.com/deals/Catch More of Passion StruckCan't miss my episode with Marianne Lewis and Wendy Smith on Applying Both/And Thinking to Solve Your Toughest ProblemsMy solo episode on Does the Concept of Free Will Really ExistListen to my interview with Dr. Dolly Chugh on A More Just Future and How Biases Impact Our LivesWatch my episode with Arthur Smith on the Mind-blowing Art of Intentional StorytellingCan't miss my episode with Katy Milkman on Creating Lasting Behavior Change for GoodLike this show? Please leave us a review here-- even one sentence helps! Consider including your Twitter or Instagram handle so we can thank you personally!