Podcasts about Hawking

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¿Y si el universo no comenzó con un Big Bang sino dentro de un agujero negro?   Por Félix Riaño @LocutorCo   Un nuevo modelo cosmológico sugiere que el universo no nació de una gran explosión, sino de un rebote dentro de un agujero negro.  Desde hace casi un siglo, la mayoría de científicos ha creído que el universo comenzó con el Big Bang: una gran explosión desde un punto infinitamente denso. Pero un grupo internacional de físicos, liderado por el profesor Enrique Gaztañaga, plantea que todo lo que conocemos podría estar dentro de un agujero negro. Esta nueva teoría, publicada en la revista Physical Review D, propone que el universo no surgió de la nada, sino de una compresión y rebote de materia dentro de un agujero negro generado por un colapso gravitacional masivo. ¿Podría este modelo reemplazar al Big Bang y explicar los misterios que aún nos desconciertan?  El Big Bang podría estar equivocado  Un equipo del Instituto de Cosmología y Gravitación de la Universidad de Portsmouth ha propuesto una idea tan audaz como fascinante. Según su modelo, llamado Universo Agujero Negro, el universo habría surgido de una fase de colapso, donde una gran nube de materia se comprimió por la gravedad hasta alcanzar una altísima densidad. Luego, esa materia rebotó hacia afuera, como un resorte comprimido, dando lugar al universo que conocemos. Lo sorprendente es que esta expansión acelerada no necesitaría campos hipotéticos como en la teoría inflacionaria del Big Bang, sino que sería una consecuencia natural del rebote.  ¿Y si el borde del universo es un horizonte?  La nueva teoría dice que el borde de nuestro universo podría ser el mismo horizonte de eventos de un agujero negro. Es decir, estamos dentro de una región de la cual no puede escapar la luz. Esto explicaría por qué no podemos ver más allá de ciertos límites. Además, abre la posibilidad de que otros agujeros negros contengan sus propios universos internos. Según los autores, esta idea se ajusta mejor a las leyes de la física cuántica, que impiden que la materia se comprima infinitamente. En lugar de una singularidad como proponían Penrose y Hawking, habría un límite cuántico que permite el rebote.  El modelo del Big Bang ha tenido dificultades para integrarse con la mecánica cuántica. Las singularidades, como el punto de origen del universo, rompen las reglas conocidas de la física. El nuevo modelo evita este problema al considerar que la compresión de materia tiene un límite, y que en lugar de una explosión desde la nada, el universo surgió de una transformación interna: un rebote. Además, observaciones recientes del telescopio James Webb han mostrado comportamientos inesperados en galaxias tempranas. Por ejemplo, dos tercios de esas galaxias parecen girar en la misma dirección, lo cual sugiere que el universo podría haber nacido girando, como ocurre dentro de un agujero negro.  Este nuevo enfoque no solo es compatible con la relatividad general y la mecánica cuántica, sino que también permite hacer predicciones comprobables. Por ejemplo, el satélite ARRAKIHS, desarrollado por la Agencia Espacial Europea con participación del profesor Gaztañaga, podrá observar las zonas exteriores de galaxias para detectar huellas de formación que el modelo del Big Bang no explica. La misión está diseñada para detectar estructuras de brillo extremadamente débil y trazar la historia de la evolución galáctica, lo que podría revelar si venimos de una expansión o de un rebote. Este modelo también puede arrojar luz sobre el origen de los agujeros negros supermasivos, el comportamiento de la materia oscura y otros misterios cósmicos.  El modelo Black Hole Universe no es completamente nuevo. En 1972, el físico teórico indio Raj Kumar Pathria ya había sugerido la idea, pero fue ignorada por la comunidad científica. Ahora, con más datos y tecnología como el telescopio James Webb, esta hipótesis cobra fuerza. El equipo de investigación incluye a científicos de España y del Reino Unido, y se apoya en principios tanto de la relatividad como de la cuántica. Este enfoque es parte de una corriente que busca modelos cíclicos del universo, en los cuales cada “fin” es en realidad un nuevo comienzo. La idea de que estamos en el interior de un agujero negro abre nuevas preguntas sobre si el tiempo, el espacio y las leyes físicas son más maleables de lo que pensábamos.  Una nueva teoría propone que el universo nació de un rebote dentro de un agujero negro, no de una explosión. ¿Qué opinas? Comenta y escucha más episodios de Flash Diario en Spotify:Flash Diario en Spotify  Científicos proponen que el universo nació dentro de un agujero negro, no del Big Bang. Una teoría que desafía todo.  

Sponsor Details:This episode is brought to you with the support of Insta360 - for incredible 360 degree videos you really need to check their cameras out. To see the range and claim your free offer, visit store.insta360.com and use the coupon code SpaceTime at checkout.In this episode of SpaceTime, we explore some mind-bending revelations about the universe, including a new estimate for its ultimate fate, the peculiar gravity of the asteroid Bennu, and India's ambitious plans for its first manned spaceflight.The Universe's Unexpected Expiration DateA groundbreaking study suggests that the universe could meet its end in a mere 10^78 years, significantly sooner than the previously estimated 10^1100 years. This revelation, based on calculations involving Hawking radiation, sheds light on how black holes and other celestial bodies lose mass over time. We discuss the implications of this research and the fascinating mechanics behind black hole evaporation, including the surprising equivalence in decay rates between neutron stars and black holes.Gravity's Quirks on Asteroid BennuAstronomers have uncovered bizarre gravitational dynamics at play on the near-Earth asteroid Bennu, based on data from NASA's Osiris Rex mission. This small celestial body exists in a delicate balance between gravity and centrifugal forces, creating a unique environment that could lead to its eventual disintegration. We delve into how Bennu's increasing rotation might impact its structural integrity and potential future interactions with Earth.India's Manned Spaceflight AmbitionsThe Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has announced plans for its first manned spaceflight, set to launch in early 2027. This historic mission will follow an unmanned test flight of the Gaganyan spacecraft, which is designed to carry a crew into low Earth orbit. We discuss the training and preparations of the selected Indian Air Force pilots and the technical challenges ISRO faces as it embarks on this new frontier in space exploration.www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com✍️ Episode ReferencesJournal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physicshttps://www.cosmos.esa.int/cosmologyNature Astronomyhttps://www.nature.com/natastronomy/Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-space-astronomy--2458531/support.00:00 This is Space Time Series 28, Episode 63 for broadcast on 26 May 202501:00 New estimates on the universe's end12:30 The strange gravity of asteroid Bennu22:45 India's plans for its first manned spaceflight30:00 Science report: Herpes virus linked to Alzheimer's disease

In episode 1867, Jack and Miles are joined by actor, voiceover artist, and musician, Shahjehan Khan, to discuss… Is The AI Future Just More Gig Work For Humans? Staffing Cuts Are Leading To More Deadly Weather Events? Did They Make Another Jurassic World Movie Purely To Promote A Theme Park Ride? Good News: The Universe May Be Ending Sooner Than Expected and more! Is The AI Future Just More Gig Work For Humans? Staffing Cuts Are Leading To More Deadly Weather Events? Jurassic World Rebirth | Official Trailer 2 Final Trailer for Jurassic World Rebirth Shows the River Raft Scene From Michael Crichton's Jurassic Park, More of the D-Rex, and the Mutadon Jurassic World Rebirth Has a Sequence From Michael Crichton’s First Jurassic Park Novel That Didn’t Make It Into the Original Movie — and Fans Have Ideas for What It Could Be An Oral History of Jurassic Park: The Ride The Forgotten Story Behind Jurassic Park: The Ride Good News: The Universe May Be Ending Sooner Than Expected Gravitational Pair Production and Black Hole Evaporation Universe decays faster than thought, but still takes a long time How Stephen Hawking Transformed Our Understanding of Black Holes 'Hawking radiation' may be erasing black holes. Watching it happen could reveal new physics. Scientists calculate when the universe will end — it's sooner than expected LISTEN: Assumptions (Kaytranada Edit) by Sam GellaitrySee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

ESA's PLATO mission gets its eyes installed, Webb finds water ice in another star system, could it be dark matter and not dark energy that's evolving over time? And in our longer [Space Bites+] on Patreon, researchers have found that hardy bacteria are evolving to thrive in spacecraft clean rooms.

Sponsor Details:Insta360 X5 Camera. To bag a free invisible selfie stick worth US$24.99 with your purchase, head to store.insta360.com and use the promo code "spacenuts", available for the first 30 standard package purchases only.Unveiling the Mysteries of Water on Mars and BeyondIn this captivating episode of Space Nuts, host Andrew Dunkley and the ever-knowledgeable Professor Fred Watson delve into the latest discoveries surrounding water on Mars and innovative ideas for spacecraft re-entry. They explore a groundbreaking theory suggesting vast amounts of liquid water may exist beneath the Martian surface and discuss a revolutionary new cooling method for spacecraft during atmospheric re-entry.Episode Highlights:- The Water Beneath Mars: Andrew and Fred Watson discuss the findings from NASA's InSight mission, revealing that Mars may harbour significant amounts of liquid water trapped in porous rock beneath its surface. They explore the implications of this discovery for future Martian exploration and the potential for microbial life.- Innovative Cooling Solutions: The duo examines a new approach to spacecraft re-entry that involves a 3D printed material capable of 'sweating' to cool down, potentially revolutionising how we protect spacecraft from the intense heat of re-entry.- The Universe's Expiration Date: They also discuss a startling new theory from Dutch scientists that suggests the universe may end much sooner than previously thought, with calculations indicating it could be just 10 to the power of 78 years away, significantly shorter than earlier estimates.For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.If you'd like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/aboutStay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts with Andrew Dunkley and Fred Watson Watson(01:20) Discussion on water beneath Mars(15:00) Innovative spacecraft cooling methods(25:30) New theories on the universe's lifespanFor commercial-free versions of Space Nuts, join us on Patreon, Supercast, Apple Podcasts, or become a supporter here: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-astronomy-insights-cosmic-discoveries--2631155/support.

Join Anna in this episode of Astronomy Daily as she takes you on an exhilarating journey through the latest happenings in space exploration and astronomical research. Prepare to be captivated by a series of stories that span from the Moon's surface to the far reaches of the universe's fate.Highlights:- Intuitive Machines' Lunar Lander Mishap: Discover the factors that led to the topple of Intuitive Machine's Nova C lander during its lunar touchdown. Learn how issues with laser altimeters and challenging lighting conditions at the Moon's south pole contributed to this landing anomaly and what improvements are planned for future missions.- The Universe's Ultimate End: Explore new research from Radboud University that revises predictions about the universe's demise, suggesting it may happen in about 10 to the power of 78 years. Understand the implications of Hawking radiation and how this research bridges gaps between quantum mechanics and general relativity.- Life on the International Space Station: Get an inside look at the busy lives of astronauts aboard the ISS as they conduct biotechnology experiments and research on fire behavior in microgravity. Discover how their work contributes to both space safety and advancements on Earth.- Historic Decommissioning of Galileo Satellite: Mark a significant milestone as the European Space Agency bids farewell to its first decommissioned Galileo satellite, GSAT 0104, after 12 years of service. This event underscores the importance of responsible space operations and sustainability in satellite management.- Rapid Emergence of Life on Earth: Delve into groundbreaking research suggesting that life on Earth may have emerged much more quickly than previously thought. This study provides compelling evidence supporting the hypothesis of rapid abiogenesis, raising intriguing questions about the potential for life elsewhere in the universe.For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.Chapters:00:00 - Welcome to Astronomy Daily01:10 - Intuitive Machines' lunar lander mishap10:00 - The universe's ultimate end and Hawking radiation15:30 - Life aboard the International Space Station20:00 - Historic decommissioning of Galileo satellite25:00 - Rapid emergence of life on Earth✍️ Episode ReferencesIntuitive Machines Lunar Lander[Intuitive Machines](https://www.intuitivemachines.com/)Radboud University Research[Radboud University](https://www.ru.nl/)International Space Station Research[NASA ISS](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html)Galileo Satellite Decommissioning[European Space Agency](https://www.esa.int/)Rapid Abiogenesis Research[David Kipping's Study](https://www.columbia.edu/~dkipping/)Astronomy Daily[Astronomy Daily](http://www.astronomydaily.io/)Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-exciting-space-discoveries-and-news--5648921/support.

Could the universe have been any different, or were we destined for life by necessity? Join Jacob and Ankit as they unpack Stephen Hawking's insights into string theory, and the astonishing concept of a cosmic "landscape" with 10⁵⁰⁰ possible universes. Discover how the improbability multiplies, and why physicists argue the universe didn't have to be the way it is—raising profound questions about chance, necessity, and design.Links and citation: S. W. Hawking, “Cosmology from the Top Down,” paper presented at the Davis Cosmic Inflation Meeting, U. C. Davis, May 29, 2003.Paul Davies, The Mind of God (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), 169Record a question and stand a chance to be featured on SAFT Podcast: https://www.speakpipe.com/saftpodcast Natural Theology Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLaYfapFz2p2UJKBOrNSfqJbegqZoRGTn- Check out William Lane Craig's book 'Reasonable Faith' for a thorough defense of all the major arguments for God's existence.Equipping the believer defend their faith anytime, anywhere. Our vision is to do so beyond all language barriers in India and beyond!SAFT Apologetics stands for Seeking Answers Finding Truth and was formed off inspiration from the late Nabeel Qureshi's autobiography that captured his life journey where he followed truth where it led him. We too aim to be a beacon emulating his life's commitment towards following truth wherever it leads us.Connect with us:WhatsApp Channel: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va6l4ADEwEk07iZXzV1vWebsite: https://www.saftapologetics.comNewsletter: https://www.sendfox.com/saftapologeticsInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/saftapologetics/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saftapologetics/X: https://www.twitter.com/saftapologetics SAFT Blog: https://blog.saftapologetics.com/YouVersion: https://www.bible.com/organizations/dcfc6f87-6f06-4205-82c1-bdc1d2415398 Is there a question that you would like to share with us?Send us your questions, suggestions and queries at: info@saftapologetics.com

Hello Interactors,This week, I've been reflecting on the themes of my last few essays — along with a pile of research that's been oddly in sync. Transit planning. Neuroscience. Happiness studies. Complexity theory. Strange mix, but it keeps pointing to the same thing: cities aren't just struggling with transportation or housing. They're struggling with connection. With meaning. With the simple question: what kind of happiness should a city make possible? And why don't we ask that more often?STRANGERS SHUNNED, SYSTEMS SIMULATEDThe urban century was supposed to bring us together. Denser cities, faster mobility, more connected lives — these were the promises of global urbanization. Yet in the shadow of those promises, a different kind of city has emerged in America with growing undertones elsewhere: one that increasingly seeks to eliminate the stranger, bypass friction, and privatize interaction.Whether through algorithmically optimized ride-sharing, private tunnels built to evade street life, or digital maps simulating place without presence for autonomous vehicles, a growing set of design logics work to render other people — especially unknown others — invisible, irrelevant, or avoidable.I admit, I too can get seduced by this comfort, technology, and efficiency. But cities aren't just systems of movement — they're systems of meaning. Space is never neutral; it's shaped by power and shapes behavior in return. This isn't new. Ancient cities like Teotihuacan (tay-oh-tee-wah-KAHN) in central Mexico, once one of the largest cities in the world, aligned their streets and pyramids with the stars. Chang'an (chahng-AHN), the capital of Tang Dynasty China, used strict cardinal grids and walled compounds to reflect Confucian ideals of order and hierarchy. And Uruk (OO-rook), in ancient Mesopotamia, organized civic life around temple complexes that stood at the spiritual and administrative heart of the city.These weren't just settlements — they were spatial arguments about how people should live together, and who should lead. Even Middle Eastern souks and hammams were more than markets or baths; they were civic infrastructure. Whether through temples or bus stops, the question is the same: What kind of social behavior is this space asking of us?Neuroscience points to answers. As Shane O'Mara argues, walking is not just transport — it's neurocognitive infrastructure. The hippocampus, which governs memory, orientation, and mood, activates when we move through physical space. Walking among others, perceiving spontaneous interactions, and attending to environmental cues strengthens our cognitive maps and emotional regulation.This makes city oriented around ‘stranger danger' not just unjust — but indeed dangerous. Because to eliminate friction is to undermine emergence — not only in the social sense, but in the economic and cultural ones too. Cities thrive on weak ties, on happenstance, on proximity without intention. Mark Granovetter's landmark paper, The Strength of Weak Ties, showed that it's those looser, peripheral relationships — not our inner circles — that drive opportunity, creativity, and mobility. Karl Polanyi called it embeddedness: the idea that markets don't float in space, they're grounded in the social fabric around them.You see it too in scale theory — in the work of Geoffrey West and Luís Bettencourt — where the productive and innovative energy of cities scales with density, interaction, and diversity. When you flatten all that into private tunnels and algorithmic efficiency, you don't just lose the texture — you lose the conditions for invention.As David Roberts, a climate and policy journalist known for his systems thinking and sharp urban critiques, puts it: this is “the anti-social dream of elite urbanism” — a vision where you never have to share space with anyone not like you. In conversation with him, Jarrett Walker, a transit planner and theorist who's spent decades helping cities design equitable bus networks, also pushes back against this logic. He warns that when cities build transit around avoidance — individualized rides, privatized tunnels, algorithmic sorting — they aren't just solving inefficiencies. They're hollowing out the very thing that makes transit (and cities) valuable and also public: the shared experience of strangers moving together.The question isn't just whether cities are efficient — but what kind of social beings they help us become. If we build cities to avoid each other, we shouldn't be surprised when they crumble as we all forget how to live together.COVERAGE, CARE, AND CIVIC CALMIf you follow urban and transit planning debates long enough, you'll hear the same argument come up again and again: Should we focus on ridership or coverage? High-frequency routes where lots of people travel, or wide access for people who live farther out — even if fewer use the service? For transit nerds, it's a policy question. For everyone else, it's about dignity.As Walker puts it, coverage isn't about efficiency — it's about “a sense of fairness.” It's about living in a place where your city hasn't written you off because you're not profitable to serve. Walker's point is that coverage isn't charity. It's a public good, one that tells people: You belong here.That same logic shows up in more surprising places — like the World Happiness Report. Year after year, Finland lands at the top. But as writer Molly Young found during her visit to Helsinki, Finnish “happiness” isn't about joy or euphoria. It's about something steadier: trust, safety, and institutional calm. What the report measures is evaluative happiness — how satisfied people are with their lives over time — not affective happiness, which is more about momentary joy or emotional highs.There's a Finnish word that captures this. It the feeling you get after a sauna: saunanjälkeinen raukeus (SOW-nahn-yell-kay-nen ROW-keh-oos) — the softened, slowed state of the body and mind. That's what cities like Helsinki seem to deliver: not bliss, but a stable, low-friction kind of contentment. And while that may lack sparkle, it makes people feel held.And infrastructure plays a big role. In Helsinki, the signs in the library don't say “Be Quiet.” They say, “Please let others work in peace.” It's a small thing, but it speaks volumes — less about control, more about shared responsibility. There are saunas in government buildings. Parents leave their babies sleeping in strollers outside cafés. Transit is clean, quiet, and frequent. As Young puts it, these aren't luxuries — they're part of a “bone-deep sense of trust” the city builds and reinforces. Not enforced from above, but sustained by expectation, habit, and care.My family once joined an organized walking tour of Copenhagen. The guide, who was from Spain, pointed to a clock in a town square and said, almost in passing, “The government has always made sure this clock runs on time — even during war.” It wasn't just about punctuality. It was about trust. About the quiet promise that the public realm would still hold, even when everything else felt uncertain. This, our guide noted from his Spanish perspective, is what what make Scandinavians so-called ‘happy'. They feel held.Studies show that most of what boosts long-term happiness isn't about dopamine hits — it's about relational trust. Feeling safe. Feeling seen. Knowing you won't be stranded if you don't have a car or a credit card. Knowing the city works, even if you don't make it work for you.In this way, transit frequency and subtle signs in Helsinki are doing the same thing. They're shaping behavior and reinforcing social norms. They're saying: we share space here. Don't be loud. Don't cut in line. Don't treat public space like it's only for you.That kind of city can't be built on metrics alone. It needs moral imagination — the kind that sees coverage, access, and slowness as features, not bugs. That's not some socialist's idea of utopia. It's just thoughtful. Built into the culture, yes, but also the design.But sometimes we're just stuck with whatever design is already in place. Even if it's not so thoughtful. Economists and social theorists have long used the concept of path dependence to explain why some systems — cities, institutions, even technologies — get stuck. The idea dates back to work in economics and political science in the 1980s, where it was used to show how early decisions, even small ones, can lock in patterns that are hard to reverse.Once you've laid train tracks, built freeways, zoned for single-family homes — you've shaped what comes next. Changing course isn't impossible, but it's costly, slow, and politically messy. The QWERTY keyboard is a textbook example: not the most efficient layout, but one that stuck because switching systems later would be harder than just adapting to what we've got.Urban scholars Michael Storper and Allen Scott brought this thinking into city studies. They've shown how economic geography and institutional inertia shape urban outcomes — how past planning decisions, labor markets, and infrastructure investments limit the options cities have today. If your city bet on car-centric growth decades ago, you're probably still paying for that decision, even if pivoting is palatable to the public.CONNECTIONS, COMPLEXITY, CITIES THAT CAREThere's a quote often attributed to Stephen Hawking that's made the rounds in complexity science circles: “The 21st century will be the century of complexity.” No one's entirely sure where he said it — it shows up in systems theory blogs, talks, and books — but it sticks. Probably because it feels true.If the last century was about physics — closed systems, force, motion, precision — then this one is about what happens when the pieces won't stay still. When the rules change mid-game. When causes ripple back as consequences. In other words: cities.Planners have tried to tame that complexity in all kinds of ways. Grids. Zoning codes. Dashboards. There's long been a kind of “physics envy” in both planning and economics — a belief that if we just had the right model, the right inputs, we could predict and control the city like a closed system. As a result, for much of the 20th century, cities were designed like machines — optimized for flow, separation, and predictability.But even the pushback followed a logic of control — cul-de-sacs and suburban pastoralism — wasn't a turn toward organic life or spontaneity. It was just a softer kind of order: winding roads and whispered rules meant to keep things calm, clean, and contained…and mostly white and moderately wealthy.If you think of cities like machines, it makes sense to want control. More data, tighter optimization, fewer surprises. That's how you'd tune an engine or write software. But cities aren't machines. They're messy, layered, and full of people doing unpredictable things. They're more like ecosystems — or weather patterns — than they are a carburetor. And that's where complexity science becomes useful.People like Paul Cilliers and Brian Castellani have argued for a more critical kind of complexity science — one that sees cities not just as networks or algorithms, but as places shaped by values, power, and conflict. Cilliers emphasized that complex systems, like cities, are open and dynamic: they don't have fixed boundaries, they adapt constantly, and they respond to feedback in ways no planner can fully predict. Castellani extends this by insisting that complexity isn't just technical — it's ethical. It demands we ask: Who benefits from a system's design? Who has room to adapt, and who gets constrained? In this view, small interventions — a zoning tweak, a route change — can set off ripple effects that reshape how people move, connect, and belong. A new path dependence.This is why certainty is dangerous in urban design. It breeds overconfidence. Humility is a better place to start. As Jarrett Walker puts it, “there are all kinds of ways to fake your way through this.” Agencies often adopt feel-good mission statements like “compete with the automobile by providing access for all” — which, he notes, is like “telling your taxi driver to turn left and right at the same time.” You can't do both. Not on a fixed budget.Walker pushes agencies to be honest: if you want to prioritize ridership, say so. If you want to prioritize broad geographic coverage, that's also valid — but know it will mean lower ridership. The key is not pretending you can have both at full strength. He says, “What I want is for board members… to make this decision consciously and not be surprised by the consequences”.These decisions matter. A budget cut can push riders off buses, which then leads to reduced service, which leads to more riders leaving — a feedback loop. On the flip side, small improvements — like better lighting, a public bench, a frequent bus — can set off positive loops too. Change emerges, often sideways.That means thinking about transit not just as a system of movement, but as a relational space. Same with libraries, parks, and sidewalks. These aren't neutral containers. They're environments that either support or suppress human connection. If you design a city to eliminate friction, you eliminate chance encounters — the stuff social trust is made of.I'm an introvert. I like quiet. I recharge alone. But I also live in a city — and I've learned that even for people like me, being around others still matters. Not in the chatty, get-to-know-your-neighbors way. But in the background hum of life around you. Sitting on a bus. Browsing in a bookstore. Walking down a street full of strangers, knowing you don't have to engage — but you're not invisible either.There's a name for this. Psychologists call it public solitude or sometimes energized privacy — the comfort of being alone among others. Not isolated, not exposed. Just held, lightly, in the weave of the crowd. And the research backs it up: introverts often seek out public spaces like cafés, libraries, or parks not to interact, but to feel present — connected without pressure.In the longest-running happiness study ever done, 80 years, Harvard psychologist Robert Waldinger found that strong relationships — not income, not status — were the best predictor of long-term well-being. More recently, studies have shown that even brief interactions with strangers — on a bus, in a coffee shop — can lift mood and reduce loneliness. But here's the catch: cities have to make those interactions possible.Or they don't.And that's the real test of infrastructure. We've spent decades designing systems to move people through. Fast. Clean. Efficient. But we've neglected the quiet spaces that let people just be. Sidewalks you're not rushed off of. Streets where kids can safely bike or play…or simply cross the street.Even pools — maybe especially pools. My wife runs a nonprofit called SplashForward that's working to build more public pools. Not just for fitness, but because pools are public space. You float next to people you may never talk to. And still, you're sharing something. Space. Water. Time.You see this clearly in places like Finland and Iceland, where pools and saunas are built into the rhythms of public life. They're not luxuries — they're civic necessities. People show up quietly, day after day, not to socialize loudly, but to be alone together. As one Finnish local told journalist Molly Young, “During this time, we don't have... colors.” It was about the long gray winter, sure — but also something deeper: a culture that values calm over spectacle. Stability over spark. A kind of contentment that doesn't perform.But cities don't have to choose between quiet and joy. We don't have to model every system on Helsinki in February. There's something beautiful in the American kind of happiness too — the loud, weird, spontaneous moments that erupt in public. The band on the subway. The dance party in the park. The loud kid at the pool. That kind of energy can be a nuisance, but it can also be joyful.Even Jarrett Walker, who's clear-eyed about transit, doesn't pretend it solves everything. Transit isn't always the answer. Sometimes a car is the right tool. What matters is whether everyone has a real choice — not just those with money or proximity or privilege. And he's quick to admit every city with effective transit has its local grievances.So no, I'm not arguing for perfection, or even socialism. I'm arguing for a city that knows how to hold difference. Fast and slow. Dense and quiet. A city that lets you step into the crowd, or sit at its edge, and still feel like you belong. A place to comfortably sit with the uncertainty of this great transformation emerging around us. Alone and together.REFERENCESCastellani, B. (2014). Complexity theory and the social sciences: The state of the art. Routledge.Cilliers, P. (1998). Complexity and postmodernism: Understanding complex systems. Routledge.David, P. A. (1985). Clio and the economics of QWERTY. The American Economic Review.Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology.Hawking, S. (n.d.). The 21st century will be the century of complexity. [Attributed quote; primary source unavailable].O'Mara, S. (2019). In praise of walking: A new scientific exploration. W. W. Norton & Company.Roberts, D. (Host). (2025). Jarrett Walker on what makes good transit [Audio podcast episode]. In Volts.Storper, M., & Scott, A. J. (2016). Current debates in urban theory: A critical assessment. Urban Studies.Waldinger, R., & Schulz, M. (2023). The good life: Lessons from the world's longest scientific study of happiness. Simon & Schuster.Walker, J. (2011). Human transit: How clearer thinking about public transit can enrich our communities and our lives. Island Press.West, G., & Bettencourt, L. M. A. (2010). A unified theory of urban living. Nature.Young, M. (2025). My miserable week in the ‘happiest country on earth'. The New York Times Magazine. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit interplace.io

Join Clara Hawking and guests Darren Coxon and C. Huron Böke as they discuss AI in education.

On the anniversary of Jennifer's mom's passing, Linda stopped by for a chat about the process. That is - 'How do people offstage reach out to people onstage with coincidence or bits and pieces of memory, so we know they still exist?" In this case, she reminded Jennifer of a dream that she had where she'd seen her parents line dancing - the memory of seeing them doing that cowboy style.  That came out of a conversation about how my wife was aware of being visited by someone who popped the lyrics of John Denver's song into her mind - to not only remind her that he's visited her before, but that the lyrics have a special meaning to him. So Sherry went onto this person's web page, and indeed, back in 2012 they'd posted the lyrics to the song as it held some kind of special resonance to them. So the question is - how do you do that? This led to a discussion of how I'd done a guided meditation with a woman (it wasn't asked for, it was a demonstration) where she had all kinds of mind bending people come through, but at the end of her session I casually asked where in Manhattan she was living - and it turned out to bein the same building I lived in for a year back when I was producing pieces for the Charles Grodin show on CNBC. So the question went to Luana - "is that a coincidence, or is it something else?"  And that led to a discussion of how time works on the flipside - that people who are offstage often report that it feels like "time doesn't exist" - and a discussion of how Dr. Greyson notes in his NDE research that even those who experience that feeling do so sequentially.  That is - time does exist when meeting someone first, then the next person, then having another event occur. As noted, people like Jennifer, who is open to conversing with people offstage, can have a better view of the likely outcomes since so many are aware of what she's doing. However, that doesn't mean that people will learn something that will prevent their plan of learning that experience during this lifetime - or it won't alter someone else's path that is going to involved as well. As usual, mind bending stuff. Then Steve Jobs stopped by.  fans of our work know that he's been stopping by since Jennifer and I first met - and subsequently one of his family members has worked with Jennifer, so she's had enough conversations with him so I can kind of "skip down" or ask questions not about him, but about other people. In this case, I asked about people in the tech world who are convinced that consciousness is confined to the brain (someone like Bill Gates or someone like Elon Musk whose focus and aim includes a belief that consciousness is confined to the brain and the "known universe." Jennifer reminded us that the previous week Stephen Hawking had said that he "wished he had been aware of how consciousness worked" while he was still on the planet.. that he could have been able to bypass the filters on his brain and access other dimensions, or previous lifetimes. He's been showing up in our work since he passed - and the transcripts of those chats are in the books BACKSTAGE PASS TO THE FLIPSIDE and also on our podcast by searching for "Stephen Hawking" on the podcast. He also stopped by during a multiple person conversation - I'd invited four scientists, Sagan, Tesla, Einstein and Hawking - all who are available now on the flipside, and can answer questions about "who greeted them when they crossed over" and "what they've learned since being offstage." Interesting enough, Steve had advice for Bill Gates (other than saying "he's been through enough difficulties") - but advised that he'd have to "believe that we could talk to Steve" before he could "hear any advice."  As to Elon - about how he might change his attitude about empathy being a hindrance to civilization (as opposed to it's dependence upon it) - he suggested "playing a sport" - and specifically which one, it was "car racing" - as he'll learn he has to depend on others to succeed.  (Interesting idea).  First and foremost he said "He needs to take up a sport - not buy a team - but to participate in a sport." It's not opinion, theory or belief that people can access loved ones offstage - it's what I've been filming people doing for over fifteen years (FLIPSIDE, TALKING TO BILL PAXTON and HACKING THE AFTERLIFE are on amazon prime or gaia) and ten years with Jennifer every week - where we ask the same questions to people offstage, and sometimes I'll have other mediums ask them identical questions. (Hawking was interviewed by Dr. Medhus on her program and said the same basic things, in the film TALKING TO BILL PAXTON I had three mediums ask him the same questions - and all of them reported identical answers. The point being - there may be some other worldly explanation how a medium can answer the same questions when I'm not in the room and someone else is asking those questions (a blind study) but I'm not aware of how. Again - Jennifer works with law enforcement agents nationwide on a number of cases. A third of her day is pro bono work.  You can find her at JenniferShaffer.com and also at "Uncorked" events in Manhattan Beach. You can find me at RichardMartini.com - or send an email to MartiniProds at gmail.com to book a session where we talk to loved ones offstage. I asked Luana if the Pope wanted to come forward, both Jennifer and I held our breath - until she said "two meetings in the future."  (We'll see if he's up for it then).  Since it was Earth day we spoke a little bit with folks offstage about how we can change the planet. Thanks for tuning in!

Episode: 1356 Betting on science. It's been going on for a long time.  Today, let's bet on science.

Another mind bending foray into the Flipside. First reminding the audience Jennifer and I will be appearing at the Contact In the Desert conference May 30th at 11 am, then Saturday May 31st at 11 am (ContactInTheDesert.com) Today's podcast included a visit from the actor Eddie Hassell who pointed out that he'd turned the lights on and off at his parent's home in order to get them to reach out to Jennifer.  As it turned out, Steve Jobs was involved in this conversation as well. Luana Anders wanted to discuss how people on the flipside manipulate energy - turning lights on and off, related to the power going out in a recent guided meditation, where at a particular point, it seemed as if someone on the flipside had frozen the internet. I asked Hawking some of the same questions we'd asked him before, as well as to have him talk about how it's possible for him to be aware of all of his previous lifetimes now, but at the same time access information that is related to his most previous journey onstage. Jennifer noted that the acclaimed film critics both Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel had shown up - I had met Roger when he was on the planet, and also noted how their review of my film "Limit Up" got it pulled from movie theaters when it came out. It wasn't until later, when I learned about Ebert's own near death experience that he didn't believe in an afterlife - even though he'd literally "spoken to his wife to tell her to convince the doctors he was still alive" - even after that, he wouldn't allow that it was possible that consciousness continued on. So for whatever reason (they said it was an anniversary, although I'm not sure its related to the film Limit Up's reviews) they showed up to give us a "thumbs up" for our podcast and our continued conversations with the flipside. This isn't the sort of thing one might construct - since Jennifer saw all three of them appear at once, and it wasn't until after the conversation with Hawking did I ask them why they'd appeared.  Funny to consider.  I also got them to review Sean Baker's film "Anora."  (How about that? I defy any clip service to add their reviews "brilliant" to their publicity files "from the flipside") Then Jennifer's dad Jim showed up to answer a question she'd had about her mother's appearances in her dreams - and a general discussion of how it's important for people to allow that it's possible for their loved ones to still exist - because even during dreams if we say to them "wait a second, you died" it's a form of denial of their existence and they "disappear" from our ability to see them. Just something to keep in mind if one is visited by a loved one, by lights turning on and off, by the coincidence of seeing numbers on a clock, or hearing a song and then thinking of them at the very moment they want us to... allow that it's possible, and it won't freak people out so much. Hawking also weighed in the recent reports of "possible life on another planet" ("Why not begin with every other planet?")  It's ironic because we haven't begun to understand the different frequencies of species on our own planet yet... dogs smell cancer, bees see UV light, birds change mating habits months in advance of bad weather, octopuses do more with 8 brains in one year of life than we do with 1 brain over 80 years... something to consider when talking about "life on other planets."  (What about lives we've yet to understand on our own?)

In this inspiring episode, we explore the extraordinary life and legacy of Stephen Hawking—a brilliant physicist whose mind reshaped our understanding of the universe, even as his body battled the devastating effects of ALS. Diagnosed at just 21 and given only a few years to live, Hawking defied the odds for decades, contributing groundbreaking work to cosmology, black hole theory, and the nature of time. Through his best-selling book A Brief History of Time and countless lectures powered by a computerized voice system, Hawking proved that physical limitations cannot contain the power of human thought. His journey is more than a scientific triumph—it's a symbol of resilience, determination, and the unbreakable human spirit. Whether you're interested in science, disability advocacy, or simply need a reminder of what's possible in the face of adversity, this episode is a must-watch.

This episode is brought to you with the support of Incogni. If you're privacy online is important to you, then you really need Incogni...and by using our special link you can currently get 60% off! Witha  30 day money back guarantee. Check out the details here: www.incogni.com/spacenutsSpace Nuts Episode 510: The Sun's Mass Loss, Black Holes, and Dark Matter MysteriesIn this thought-provoking episode of Space Nuts, host Heidi Campo and astronomer Professor Fred Watson tackle some fascinating listener questions that delve into the complexities of our universe. From the sun's mass loss over billions of years to the enigmatic relationship between primordial black holes and dark energy, this episode is packed with illuminating discussions that will expand your cosmic understanding.Episode Highlights:- The Sun's Mass Over Time: Heidi and Fred explore a listener's question about how much smaller the sun is now compared to two billion years ago. They discuss the staggering amount of hydrogen it burns each second and how this affects its overall mass, revealing that the sun has only lost a minuscule fraction of its mass over its lifetime.- Primordial Black Holes and Dark Energy: The duo addresses a listener's inquiry into the connection between primordial black holes and dark energy. They explain why the mathematics of current theories do not support the idea that evaporating black holes could account for the universe's accelerated expansion.- The Final Parsecs of Black Hole Mergers: A deep dive into the complexities of black hole mergers leads to discussions about gravitational waves and the challenges of understanding what happens during these cosmic events. Fred shares insights on the final parsec problem and the mysterious nature of singularities.- Dark Matter and Energy Manifest: The episode wraps up with a listener's intriguing proposition that dark matter could be energy manifest. Fred clarifies how dark matter may have originated from energy during the Big Bang, while the quest to uncover its true nature continues.For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website.Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music Music, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.If you'd like to help support Space Nuts and join our growing family of insiders for commercial-free episodes and more, visit spacenutspodcast.com/aboutStay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.(00:00) Welcome to Space Nuts with Heidi Campo and Fred Watson(01:40) Discussion on the sun's mass loss over billions of years(11:20) The relationship between primordial black holes and dark energy(22:15) Insights into black hole mergers and gravitational waves(30:00) Exploring the nature of dark matter and energy manifestBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts-exploring-the-cosmos--2631155/support.

En el programa de esta semana celebramos el Día Mundial de las Matemáticas, que se conmemora todos los años el 14 de marzo: ¡el Día de Pi! Recordamos a Carl Friedrich Gauss, matemático alemán del siglo XIX que destacó por su inusual capacidad para pensar de forma diferente; era, digamos, un artista del pensamiento matemático. Recordamos también a Leonardo Bonacci, matemático italiano de la Edad Media, que vivió a caballo entre los siglos XII y XIII y que hoy es recordado fundamentalmente por la sucesión que lleva su nombre: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13... Pero ¿a cuenta de qué ideó Fibonacci esa sucesión? Nos lo cuenta hoy Santi García Cremades. Alberto Aparici, por su parte, toma también como excusa el 14 de marzo, que es el día en que murió Stephen Hawking, y nos habla sobre su aportación más importante: clarificar y ampliar la física de los agujeros negros. Hawking formó parte de la primera generación de científicos que se tomó en serio que los agujeros negros podían existir, y dedicó mucho tiempo a tratar de entender cuáles eran sus propiedades físicas, dado que son objetos muy exóticos porque nada puede salir de ellos. Por el camino hizo el sorprendente descubrimiento de que los agujeros negros no son eternos, sino que van evaporándose poco a poco, emitiendo un "viento" de partículas a las que hoy llamamos *radiación de Hawking*. Si queréis profundizar en las contribuciones científicas de Hawking podéis encontrar varios episodios dedicados a él en nuestro pódcast hermano, La Brújula de la Ciencia. Son los capítulos s07e30, que emitimos con motivo de su fallecimiento, s02e11 y s05e19. Este programa se emitió originalmente el 13 de marzo de 2025. Podéis escuchar el resto de audios de Más de Uno en la app de Onda Cero y en su web, ondacero.es

Auf Wow tauchen wir heute mit „Dead Still“ ab in die Schattenwelt eines Fotografen, der Tote ins rechte Licht rückt. Mit „Einstein und Hawking“ klären wir in der Arte-Mediathek mal eben die großen Fragen nach Zeit und Raum und landen mit „The Apothecary Diaries“ auf Netflix, wo eine Apothekerin Ermittlungen anstellt. Hier entlang geht's zu den Links unserer Werbepartner: https://detektor.fm/werbepartner/was-laeuft-heute >> Artikel zum Nachlesen: https://detektor.fm/kultur/was-laeuft-heute-dead-still-einstein-und-hawking-the-apothecary-diaries

Auf Wow tauchen wir heute mit „Dead Still“ ab in die Schattenwelt eines Fotografen, der Tote ins rechte Licht rückt. Mit „Einstein und Hawking“ klären wir in der Arte-Mediathek mal eben die großen Fragen nach Zeit und Raum und landen mit „The Apothecary Diaries“ auf Netflix, wo eine Apothekerin Ermittlungen anstellt. Hier entlang geht's zu den Links unserer Werbepartner: https://detektor.fm/werbepartner/was-laeuft-heute >> Artikel zum Nachlesen: https://detektor.fm/kultur/was-laeuft-heute-dead-still-einstein-und-hawking-the-apothecary-diaries

AI is coming for jobs, CEOs are making tone-deaf demands, and we're merging human brain cells with computers, but it's just another typical week, right? From Manus AI's rise to a biological computing breakthrough, a lot is happening in tech, business, and beyond. So, let's break some of the things at the top of my chart.Manus AI & the Rise of Autonomous AI Agents - AI agents are quickly moving from hype to reality, and Manus' AI surprised everyone and appears to be leading the charge. With ultimodal capabilities and autonomous task execution, it's being positioned as the future of work, so much so that companies are already debating whether to replace human hires with AI. Ho: AI isn't just about what it can do; it's about what we believe it can do. However, it would be wise for companies to slow down. There's a big gap between perception and reality.Australia's Breakthrough in Biological Computing - What happens when we fuse human neurons with computer chips? Australian researchers just did it, and while on the surface, it may feel like an advancement we'd be excited for decades ago, there's a lot more to it. Their biological computer, which learns like a human brain, is an early glimpse into hybrid AI. But is this the key to unlocking AI's full potential, or are we opening Pandora's box? The line between human and machine just got a whole lot blurrier.Starbucks CEO's Tone-Deaf Leadership Playbook - After laying off 1,100 employees, the Starbucks CEO had one message for the remaining workers: “Work harder, take ownership, and get back in the office.” The kicker? He negotiated a fully remote work deal for himself. This isn't just corporate hypocrisy; it's a perfect case study of leadership gone wrong. I'll break down why this kind of messaging is not only ineffective but actively erodes trust.Stephen Hawking's Doomsday Predictions - A resurfaced prediction from Stephen Hawking has the internet talking again. In it, he claimed Earth could be uninhabitable by 2600. However, rather than arguing over apocalyptic theories, maybe we should be thinking about something way more immediate: how we're living right now. Doomsday predictions are fascinating, but they can distract us from the simple truth that none of us know how much time we actually have.Which of these stories stands out to you the most? Drop your thoughts in the comments. I'd love to hear your take.Show Notes:In this Weekly Update, Christopher navigates through the latest advancements and controversies in technology and leadership. Starting with an in-depth look at Manus AI, a groundbreaking multimodal AI agent making waves for its capabilities and affordability, he discusses its implications for the workforce and potential pitfalls. Next, he explores the fascinating breakthrough of biological computers, merging human neurons with technology to create adaptive, energy-efficient machines. Shifting focus to leadership, Christopher critiques Starbucks CEO Brian Niccol's bold message to his employees post-layoff, highlighting contradictions and leadership missteps. Finally, he addresses Stephen Hawking's predictions about the end of the world, urging listeners to maintain perspective and prioritize what truly matters as we navigate these uncertain times.00:00 - Introduction and Overview02:05 - Manus AI: The Future of Autonomous Agents15:30 - Biological Computers: The Next Frontier24:09 - Starbucks CEO's Bold Leadership Message40:31 - Stephen Hawking's Doomsday Predictions50:14 Concluding Thoughts on Leadership and Life#AI #ArtificialIntelligence #Leadership #FutureOfWork #TechNews

Robert L. Dilenschneider, founder and principal of The Dilenschneider Group, is well known as a venerated strategic communications advisor and counselor to many of the world's most influential business and political leaders. Bob's extensive knowledge as a historian is less commonly known, especially one who can look to the past to identify role models whose lives are worth emulating today and in the future. Following on the heels of his two most recent history-focused books — Decisions: Practical Advice from 23 Men and Women Who Shaped the World and Nailing It: How History's Awesome Twentysomethings Got It Together — Bob's latest volume, available to pre-order now, is Character: Life Lessons in Courage, Integrity, and Leadership. Courage profiles a diverse group of 31 historical figures who drove society to be the best it could be. Among the disparate luminaries are Lou Gehrig, Winston Churchill, Julia Child, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Stephen Hawking, Margaret Chase Smith, Bill Russell, Jimmy Stewart, and S.P. Hinduja. Bob views character as a vital ingredient for success in public and private life. “From a respected older generation of mentors comes invaluable advice and hopeful direction for the young leaders, innovators, and influencers of tomorrow,” Bob writes in describing his book, which officially goes on sale March 25th. As co-host Maxwell Rotbart notes in introducing this week's podcast, Bob left one person out of Character. Himself. He, too, epitomizes courage, integrity, and leadership. [NOTE: The actionable insights of Robert L. Dilenschneider are featured in Maxwell Rotbart's award-winning anthology, All You Can Eat Business Wisdom. A free unabridged copy of Bob's chapter can be read here.] The Dilenschneider “Library” of 23 Books Includes: Character: Life Lessons in Courage, Integrity, and Leadership Decisions: Practical Advice from 23 Men and Women Who Shaped the World  Nailing It: How History's Awesome Twentysomethings Got It Together  The Ultimate Guide to Power & Influence: Everything You Need to Know The Public Relations Handbook 50 Plus!: Critical Career Decisions for the Rest of Your Life Monday Morning Radio is hosted by the father-son duo of Dean and Maxwell Rotbart. Photo: Robert L. Dilenschneider, The Dilenschneider Group Posted: March 10, 2025 Monday Morning Run Time: 43:30 Episode: 13.39 Pick up a copy of All You Can Eat Business Wisdom for yourself Fun, well organized, and brimming with useful information, this is a book that some will want to read cover-to-cover and others will treat as a reference book to look up subjects as needed; either way, it's a delight.  — Kirkus Reviews

On this wet weekend edition of PBD: Discovering (again) how the Irish deal with tragedy; From Homer to Hawking – the make-up of a modern Irish Maths class; And the ultimate dilemma – what shoes go with these jeans?

Un trou noir extrémal est un type particulier de trou noir qui atteint une limite extrême en termes de charge électrique ou de vitesse de rotation. C'est un objet théorique fascinant qui pousse les lois de la physique à leur maximum et qui intrigue les scientifiques, car il pourrait aider à mieux comprendre l'univers.Qu'est-ce qu'un trou noir extrémal ?Les trous noirs sont des objets cosmiques incroyablement denses dont la gravité est si forte que rien, pas même la lumière, ne peut s'en échapper. Ils sont décrits par trois caractéristiques principales :1. Leur masse : plus un trou noir est massif, plus son attraction gravitationnelle est puissante.2. Leur charge électrique : certains trous noirs peuvent accumuler une charge, comme une batterie géante.3. Leur vitesse de rotation : certains tournent très vite, un peu comme une toupie cosmique.Un trou noir extrémal est un cas particulier où sa charge électrique ou sa vitesse de rotation atteint une limite critique. Cela crée un trou noir unique avec des propriétés très différentes des trous noirs classiques.Pourquoi est-il si spécial ?1. Il ne rayonne pas d'énergieTous les trous noirs émettent un faible rayonnement appelé rayonnement de Hawking, qui les fait lentement s'évaporer. Mais un trou noir extrémal a une température égale à zéro, ce qui signifie qu'il ne perd pas d'énergie et pourrait exister éternellement.2. Il a une structure uniqueNormalement, un trou noir possède une frontière invisible appelée horizon des événements. Si quelque chose la franchit, il est impossible d'en ressortir. Dans un trou noir extrémal, cette frontière est différente : elle est poussée à l'extrême et modifie la façon dont l'espace-temps se courbe autour de lui.3. Il pourrait nous aider à comprendre l'universLes trous noirs extrémaux sont particulièrement étudiés en physique théorique. Ils sont liés aux recherches sur la gravité quantique, une théorie qui cherche à unifier la relativité d'Einstein (qui explique l'univers à grande échelle) et la mécanique quantique (qui décrit le comportement des particules minuscules).Les trous noirs extrémaux existent-ils vraiment ?Pour l'instant, ils restent purement théoriques. Aucun astronome n'a encore observé un trou noir extrémal dans l'espace. Mais leur étude est essentielle pour mieux comprendre la physique des trous noirs et peut-être un jour découvrir de nouvelles lois de l'univers. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Are your specification limits holding you back from improving your products and services? Should you throw out specifications? What does Stephen Hawking have to do with it? In this episode, Bill Bellows and host Andrew Stotz discuss specifications and variation. TRANSCRIPT 0:00:02.5 Andrew Stotz: My name is Andrew Stotz, and I'll be your host as we dive deeper into the teachings of Dr. W Edwards Deming. Today, I'm continuing my discussion with Bill Bellows, who has spent 31 years helping people apply Dr. Deming's ideas to become aware of how their thinking is holding them back from their biggest opportunities. Today is episode 12, and the title is Do Specification Limits Limit Improvement. Bill, take it away.   0:00:31.4 Bill Bellows: Hey, Andrew. How's it going? All right.   0:00:33.8 Andrew Stotz: Great. Great to have you back and great to see you. For those that are just listening, you can watch the video on DemingNEXT. But for those listening, Bill looks handsome, full of energy, ready to go, and it's my 8:30 in the morning in Bangkok, Thailand. So let's rock Bill.   0:00:56.3 Bill Bellows: So. I spoke recently to one of the folks I'd met on LinkedIn that have listened to our podcast and took the offer to reach out and we now talk regularly. And I just wanna say I've gotta, before we get to some, the story behind the title, I wanted to share, a heads up. And if anyone would like a copy of this article that I wanna, take some excerpts from, then just reach out to me on LinkedIn and ask for a copy of the article. The article's entitled 'A Brief History of Quality,' and there's three parts. So it's about 10 pages overall, and it was published in 2015 in the Lean Management Journal, which I don't believe still exists. I was writing articles at the end once a month for this journal, I think based out of the UK.   0:02:04.3 Bill Bellows: I think there was a manufacturing magazine that still exists and had this as a special topic and my interest was bringing Dr. Deming's ideas, to the Lean community, which is why it was a Lean Management Journal, so the article was entitled 'Brief History Equality.' And so I wanna get to those topics, but when I was reading the article, reminding myself of it, I thought, oh, I'll just share this story online with Andrew and our audience. And so here I'm just gonna read the opening paragraph. It says, "several years ago, I had the opportunity to attend an hour-long lecture by Stephen Hawking," right? So the article was written in 2015. So the presentation by Hawking would've been maybe 2012, 2013. And back to the article, it says, "he, Hawking, returns to Pasadena every summer for a one-month retreat, a ritual he started in the 1970s, several thousand attendees sitting in both a lecture hall and outdoors on a lawn area complete with a giant screen were treated to an evening of reflection of the legendary Cambridge physicist."   0:03:14.3 Bill Bellows: And I'll just pause. I have friends who work at JPL and they got me seats, and they got me an inside seat in the balcony, front row of the balcony, but they had big screens outside. I mean, it was like a rock concert for Stephen Hawking, right?   0:03:34.3 Andrew Stotz: That's amazing.   0:03:34.9 Bill Bellows: Oh, it was so cool. Oh, it was so cool. So anyway, "his focus was my brief history offering us a glimpse of his life through a twist on his treatise, A Brief History of Time. His introspective presentation revealed his genius, his humility, his search for black holes, his passion for life, not to mention his dry sense of humor. It ended with questions from three Caltech students, the last of which came from a postdoc student, an inquiry Hawking had likely tackled many times before."   0:04:06.6 Bill Bellows: So realize he's answering the questions through a voice activated thing. And it appeared that the questions were, his answers were prerecorded, but they're still coming through a device that is a synthesized voice. But I get the impression that he knew the questions were coming, so we in the audience were hearing the questions for the first time. But he had already answered the questions. So anyway, it ended with questions. There was an undergraduate student, a graduate student, then a postdoc, and I said, "the last of which came from a postdoc student, an inquiry Hawking had likely tackled many times before. And the student relayed the story of an unnamed physicist who once compared himself to both Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein." So this unnamed physicist compared himself to Einstein and Newton each placed on a scale of 1 lowest to 10 highest. "With this context, Hawking was asked where he would rank himself."   0:05:22.0 Bill Bellows: So this physicist said, oh, you know, Andrew, I see myself as this. And so the guy relays the story, and he says to Hawking, so given this other physicist said this, where would you rank yourself? "Well, I do not recall the relative rankings posed in the query. I'll never forget Hawking's abrupt reply. He says, “anyone who compares themselves to others is a loser." And I found online that he was, that commentary, this was not the first time he said that.   0:06:04.9 Andrew Stotz: Right.   0:06:06.5 Bill Bellows: And I just thought, oh, anyone who compares himself to others is a loser. And then the end of the paragraph is "in reference to Dr. Deming," Andrew, "variation, there will always be. So can't we just get used to variation?" So the title, are you in favor? No, no, no, no. That was last time. Are you in favor of improving the quality was number 10. Number 11 was to improve quality, don't measure quality. For 12, the specification limits limit improvement.   0:06:46.9 Andrew Stotz: Now, if that was true, first of all, that would be a little scary, 'cause we spend a lot of time working on specification limits. There's a lot of people working on that.   0:06:55.4 Bill Bellows: But here's what's behind the title. In 1995, I was invited to speak, not for the first time, but for the first time I ever spoke to an audience of the American Society of Quality. It was a San Fernando Valley chapter. I forget the number. I've spoken there many, many times over the years, but this is the first time I ever spoke to quality professionals as opposed to project managers or Society of Manufacturing Engineers. I was there with my wife. There's dinner, then after dinner in the next room, and the chairs were set up, theater style, that'd be 70, 80 people. And I was talking about what I would, I mean, things I still talk about, I talk about new things, to have new things done. But the big thing I was trying to get across the audience is, the difference between meeting requirements, which in this series, we call it acceptability versus desirability, which is, I want this value, I want this professor, I want to date this person. And so I was relaying that concept to that audience. And the question I asked that night was do specification limits limit improvement?   0:08:31.0 Bill Bellows: And there was a guy about seven rows back, and I built up to that. That wasn't the opening thing, but what I was really pushing on was a focus on Phil Crosby's goal of striving for zero defects. And, then what? Once you achieve that, then what? And we've talked about the doorway and that's like the door is closed, we get up to the doorway and we've achieved zero defects. And, what we've talked about is going through the doorway and the attitude is, well, why open the door? I mean, don't open the door, Andrew. There's a wall on the other side of that door, Andrew. So it might be a door, but everybody knows there's a wall behind it, and I was poking at that with this audience, and prepared to show them the value proposition of going through that.   0:09:34.0 Bill Bellows: So anyway, I remember I got to the point of asking, do specification limits limit thinking about improvement or something like that. And a more senior gentleman, about seven or eight rows back, and fortunately, he was seven or eight rows back, fortunately, because he stood up and he says, "Are you saying we don't need specification limits?" There's a lot more anger in his voice. And I said, "No," I said, "I'm saying I think they limit our thinking about improvement." And, but he was really upset with me, and I was deliberately provoking because again, you and I have talked about, how can we inspire through this podcast and other podcasts that you do with the others, to get people to think about the possibilities that Dr. Deming shared with us. And it's not believing that there's a door that you can't walk through. You open the door and there's an opening and you can go through. There's a lot more going on there. So anyway, so I had prepared them. The whole reason for being there was to share what we were doing at Rocketdyne, and not just talk about the possibilities, but show them the possibilities. But he got very upset with me. But if he was in the front row, he might've hit me.   0:11:08.9 Andrew Stotz: May have thrown a book at you.   0:11:11.5 Bill Bellows: Oh, he...   0:11:12.2 Andrew Stotz: May have thrown a Specification Limit at you.   0:11:17.0 Bill Bellows: Twice I've had people get, well, I've gotten a number of people upset with me over the years, but that night was, I'll never forget, and I'll never forget, because my wife was sitting in the front row and she asked me never to be that provocative again. It might be dangerous to my health. But I was doing another class, also for the American Society of Quality, I was a member of the local chapter, and there was a big movement within Rocketdyne that all Quality Engineers within Rocketdyne be Certified Quality Engineers. And so two or three of us from Rocketdyne got involved in helping the local chapter train people to prepare to take this one day exam. Very, very, very rigorous. And it's a valuable credential for quality professionals.   0:12:20.1 Bill Bellows: And so the company was pushing that every single quality engineer was certified. So we did the classes on site. So instead of going to the nearby Cal State Northridge and doing it over there, we wanted to do it onsite, make it easy for our employees to attend. And so I would do one and a half sessions. So a given session was three hours long, and then there'd be a half session. And my topics were Design of Experiments and Dr. Taguchi's work. And so as I got this group this one night for the very first time, I was the second half of that three-hour session, and there's 30 some people in the room at Rocketdyne. And the question I wanted to raise is, why run experiments? What would provoke you to run an experiments either, planned experimentation, Design of Experiments or Dr. Taguchi's approach to it.   0:13:15.1 Bill Bellows: So I was throwing that out and I said, in my experience, we're either applying it to make something better - that's improvement, Andrew, - or we're applying it to find out why something doesn't work, which is rearward looking. And I was saying that in my experience, I spend like a whole lot of time running experiments to solve a problem, to fix something that was broken, to get it back to where it was before the fire alarm, not as much time focusing on good to make it better. And so I was just playing in that space of, you know, I guess I was asking the audience are we running experiments to go from bad to good and stop, or from good to better? And I was playing with that 30 people in the room, and all of a sudden, four or five feet in front of me, this guy stands up, says this is BS, but he didn't use the initials, he actually said the word and walked out of the room. And all of us are looking at him like, and there was no provocation. Now, I admit for the ASQ meeting, I was poking to make sure they were paying attention. Here, I was just plain just, why do we run experiments? So, he stands up, he lets out that word, pretty high volume, storms out of the room.   0:14:42.1 Bill Bellows: Well, at Rocketdyne, you can't... You need a... You have to walk around with someone who works there. You just can't go walk around the place, so I had to quickly get one of my coworkers who was in the room to go escort him to the lobby or else, we're all gonna get fired for having somebody unescorted. So the specification limits limit thinking about improvement, I think they do. I am constantly working with university courses or in my consulting work and acceptability in terms of the quality goal, that this is acceptable, it meets requirements is alive and well and thriving, thriving. And, I think what goes on in organizations, I think there's such a focus on getting things done, that to be done is to be good and is to stop that I could pass my work on to you.   0:15:45.2 Bill Bellows: And, the challenge becomes, even if you're aware that you can walk through the doorway and move from acceptability to desirability, how do you sell that to an organization, which you, what I see in organizations, there's a lot of kicking the can down the road. There's a lot of, and even worse than that, there's a lot of toast scraping going on because there's not a lot of understanding that the person toasting it is over toasting it because all they do is put the toast into the oven. Somebody else takes it out, somebody else scrapes it, somebody else sends it back to a different toaster. And I see a lack of understanding of this because the heads are down. That's part of what I see. What I also see in organizations is, with students is this is their first drop.   0:16:51.0 Bill Bellows: Wherever they are, engineering, manufacturing, quality, they're new, they're excited, they're excited to be on their own, to have an income. And they're taking what they learned in universities, and now, they get to apply it. And I remember what that was like. I worked the summer after getting my bachelor's degree, my last semester, I took a class at heat transfer, the prior semester, took a class in jet engines, and I just fell in love with heat transfer and I fell in love with jet engines. And that summer, I was coming back in the fall to go to graduate school for my master's degree. That summer, I worked for a jet engine company as a heat transfer engineer, I was in heaven.   0:17:37.6 Andrew Stotz: Yeah. That's gotta be the coolest thing.   0:17:40.1 Bill Bellows: Just incredible. So I can imagine people coming out of college, going to work, and you get to apply what you learned. You get to use computers, you get to work with some really cool people, and you're doing what you're doing, and it's a blast. And I think it takes a few years before you start to listen to what the veterans are talking about. And you might hear that they're challenging how decisions are made, they're challenging how the company is run. I think prior to that, your heads are down and you're just the subject matter expert. It could be, you know, engineering and manufacturing, finance, and you're doing what you're doing. Their head is down, you're receiving, you're delivering. I still remember when I went to work with my Ph.D. at the same jet engine company, they hired me back. And, I remember walking down the hallway with a colleague and somebody says, that's the VP of Engineering.   0:18:42.7 Bill Bellows: And I thought, we have a VP of Engineering? I mean, I know we have a Vice President of the United States, but I didn't know anything about titles like that. And I think... And I don't think I'm the only one. I've shared those with some younger folks recently, and they agree, you come in, it's heads down, we don't know management, all I get to work on this great stuff. I go and I, and so what we're, but I think what happens is, I think at some point of time you start to look up and you're hearing what the more senior people that are there are saying you've had some experience. And, I know when people join Rocketdyne, and they would come to my class and I would share these stories that had some things that were, if your experience would be questionable, some other things that are pretty cool.   0:19:34.6 Bill Bellows: And, I just had the feeling and I found out people would walk outta there thinking what you mean that, I mean the things, the use of incentives, like why do we need incentives? But, and what I found was it took a couple of years and I would bump into these same people and they'd say, now I'm beginning to understand what you were talking about and what Dr. Deming was talking about. So I throw that out. For those listeners that are trying to, that are at that phase where you're starting to wonder how are decisions being made? You're wondering what you wanna do in your profession. You're wondering what this Deming stuff is about. A whole lot of this entire series has been targeted at people that are new to Deming's ideas. Or maybe they have some experience, they're getting some exposure through these podcasts either with me and the ones you're doing with John and the others. And so, but the other thing I wanna get into today is this quality thing. I go back to this article. And then I was thinking about this article, things I didn't know when I started researching this article is, this term quality, where does that come from? And the term quality comes from, I got to pull it, I have to scroll through the article. Let me get it, let me get it.   0:21:06.4 Bill Bellows: All right. Here we go. "The word quality," Andrew "has Latin roots, beginning with qualitas coined by Roman philosopher and statesman, Marcus Tullius Cicero, who later became an adversary of Mark Antony." You know, what happened to Cicero? Wasn't pretty.   0:21:32.8 Andrew Stotz: Yeah.   0:21:33.9 Bill Bellows: "Feared by Antony," I wrote, "his power of speech led to his eventual beheading. But long after he introduces fellow Romans to the vocabulary of qualitas, that's quality; quantitas, that's quantity; humanitas, that's humanity; and essentia, which is essential. He's also credited with an extensive list of expressions that translate into English, including difference, infinity, science, and morale. When Plato invented the phrase poiotes for use by his peers." So Plato would've been Greek, "Cicero spoke of qualitas with his peers when focusing on the property of an object, not its quantity." And, what I had in mind there is counting how many things we have, so you come in and you want five apples, five suits, whatever it is, there's the quantity thing. And then what Cicero was trying to do is say, quality is not the number, but quality is a differentiation of not just any suit, not just any...   0:22:53.1 Bill Bellows: And I think that becomes the challenge is, is that still important? So when Dr. Deming came on board in 1980, at the age of 79, when the NBC white paper was written, and people got excited by quality because quality was something that people identified with Japanese products, not with American products.   0:23:19.9 Andrew Stotz: Well, not in 1980.   0:23:21.1 Bill Bellows: Not in 1980...   [laughter]   0:23:22.2 Bill Bellows: I mean, at that time, the auto companies were making a lot of money in repair businesses. And Toyota comes along and says, and the words on the street, our products don't require all that repair. And I thought, yeah. And what was neat about that is when I thought, when you think about differentiation and like how do you sell quality? Because, again, I find it, for the longest time, beginning in 1980, quality was hot. Quality improvement. I mean, the American Society of Quality membership skyrocketed. Their membership has dropped like a rock since then because they don't have this Deming guy around that got them going.   0:24:12.1 Bill Bellows: Now, they're still big in the Six Sigma, but I don't believe their membership is anything like it was, but what I was thinking and getting ready for tonight is the economics of quality is from a consumer, what, at least, when my wife and I buy Toyota, it's a value proposition. It's the idea that if we buy Toyota, in our experience, we're getting a car that doesn't break down as often, is far more reliable. That becomes the differentiation. Also in the first... In the second series, second podcast of this series, we talked about the eight dimensions of quality and David Garvin's work.   0:25:03.2 Bill Bellows: And one of them was features, that a car with cup holders is quality 'cause... And there was a time, and the more cup holders, the better. And that was... And Garvin was saying lots of features is quality. He said, reliability could perceived it as a dimension of quality. Conformance was one of the dimensions, and he attributed that to the traditional thinking of Crosby. Reliability is a thing. And so when it comes to, how do you sell quality today? How do you get people within your organizations to go beyond, 'cause what I see right now is it's almost as if quality has gone back to quantity, that it's gone, that it's lost its appeal. Now, quantity doesn't lose its appeal 'cause we're selling, five of them, 20 of them, 30 of them.   0:26:09.2 Bill Bellows: But I don't get the impression from students and others that I interact with, that quality has big appeal. But, if we convert quality to the ability to do more with less, I mean the, when I'm delivering a higher quality item to you within the organization, that it's easier for you to integrate, to do something with, that's money, that's savings of time. And the question is, well, I guess how can we help make people more aware that when you go through the door of good and go beyond looking good and start to think about opportunities for desirable? And again, what we've said in the past is there's nothing wrong with tools, nothing wrong with the techniques to use them, there's nothing wrong with acceptability, but desirability is a differentiator.   0:27:15.2 Bill Bellows: And then the challenge becomes, if everyone's focused on acceptability, where it makes sense, then within your organization going beyond that, as we've explained, and this is where Dr. Taguchi's work is very critical. Dr. Deming learned about desirability from Dr. Taguchi in 1960. And that's what I think is, for all this interest in Toyota, I guess my question is, why is everybody excited by Toyota? Is it because they do single-minute exchange of dies? I don't think so. Is it because they do mixed model production? They can have, in one production line have a red car followed by a blue car, followed by a green car as opposed to mass production? Or is it because of the incredible reliability of the product? That's my answer, and I'm sticking to it. So...   0:28:14.3 Andrew Stotz: Yeah.   0:28:14.7 Bill Bellows: So what do you think Andrew?   0:28:17.2 Andrew Stotz: Yeah. There's two things that I was thinking about. One of the things I was thinking about is the idea if we're doing good with quality, and maybe we're satisfied with good, I was thinking about the book 'Good to Great,' and like how do you make this breakthrough? And then I was maybe it's good to groundbreaking or good to amazing or whatever. But like, when you really go beyond specification limits and take it to the next level, it's like you're moving from good to great. And one of the things that I see a lot is that, and I talk a lot in my corporate strategy courses with my clients and with my students is this idea that Deming really hit home about, about focusing on your customer, not your competitor.   0:29:06.6 Andrew Stotz: And I just feel like humans have a need to classify everything, to name everything, to label everything. And once they've got that label, that's the specification. That's what we want, they will fixate on that. And whether, I think, you think about all the kids that come out of the out of some meeting with a doctor and say, oh, I'm ADHD. Okay, we got a label now that's good and bad. And so that's where I think it, when I thought about the specification limits limit improvement, I think that, specification to me, when I think about quality, I think about setting a standard, moving to a, a new standard, and then maintaining that standard. And I can see the purpose of limits and controls and trying to understand how do we maintain that. But if we only stay on maintaining that and never move beyond that, then are we really, are we really in pursuit of quality?   0:30:12.0 Andrew Stotz: Now, on the other hand, when I think about the customers of my coffee factory, CoffeeWORKS and they want the exact same experience every single morning. Now, if we can make tests and do PDSAs to improve how we're doing that, less resources, better inputs and all that, great, but they do not want a difference. And I was just thinking about it also in relation to my evaluation masterclass bootcamp, where I still have a lot of variation coming out at the end of the bootcamp. Now, in the beginning, this is bootcamp number 19. So I've done this a lot. In the beginning, man, I would have, someone really terrible and someone really great, and I wasn't satisfied. So I kept trying to improve the content, the process, the feedback to make sure that by the time they get to the end, but I was just frustrated yesterday thinking there's still a lot of variation that, and I'm not talking about, the variation of a personality or something.   0:31:15.2 Andrew Stotz: I'm just talking about the variation of understanding and implementing what they're learning. And then I was thinking as I was at the park running this morning, I was thinking like, what makes Toyota so great is that there is very little variation of the 10 million cars that they've produced last year. And how impressive that is when all I'm trying to do is do it in a small little course. So I don't know, those are some things that were coming into my head when I thought about what you're talking about.   0:31:44.6 Bill Bellows: But no, you're right, in terms of the coffee, and I think you brought up a couple of good points. One is when the customer wants that flavor, whatever that level is, now, but that, I don't know how, anything about measuring taste, but there could be, within the range, within that, when they say they want that flavor, I mean, that could still have, could be a pretty broad spectrum. So maybe there's the ability to make it more consistent within that, if that's possible.   0:32:27.8 Andrew Stotz: Yeah, I think that, I think, like we have a blend we call Hunter's Brew, and I drink that every single morning and I can say, yeah, there's a variation, but it's a small enough variation that it doesn't bother me at all. And I think it doesn't bother our customer. Could we get more conformity to that? Yes, I think we could reduce that. Is it worth it? That's another question. We're looking at some automated equipment, some automated roasting equipment that would bring automation that would allow us to reduce that variation a bit. Will the customer notice that or not? Maybe. But the customer will definitely notice if we're outside of specification limits or if it's burnt...   0:33:12.7 Bill Bellows: Yes.   0:33:13.5 Andrew Stotz: As an example, and we're still shipping it, you know, they'll definitely notice that. And we have our mechanisms to try to measure that so that we are within those limits. So I do see, I see that the function of that to me is like, okay, in fact, in any business, you're constantly chasing and putting out fires. I mean, there's always things going on in every business owner's situation.   0:33:38.6 Bill Bellows: Right.   0:33:39.9 Andrew Stotz: And so there's at points where it's like, okay, can you just keep that in specification limit for right now while I get over to here and fix how we're gonna make sure that this is at another level where that is, I would consider it kind of an improvement versus maintaining. But I don't know, I'm just, I'm riffing here, but those are some things in my head.   0:34:00.0 Bill Bellows: No, what I hear you talking about is if we shift from quality management to, I mean, what desirability is about is looking at things as a system. Acceptability is about looking at things in isolation and saying, this is good, this is good, this is good, this is good. Not necessarily with a lot of focus of how is that used. So if we move away from quality and really what we're talking about is a better way to run an organization with a sense of connectedness that we're, we can talk about working together. Well, it's hard to work together if the fundamental mindset is: here, Andrew, my part is good and I wash my hands of it. When you come back and say, well, Bill, I'm having trouble integrating it, that's more like working separately.   0:35:07.2 Bill Bellows: So if we shift the focus from quality, which could be really narrow, it could be an entry point, but I think if we step back, I mean the title of Dr. Deming's last book was 'The New Economics,' the idea which has to be, which to me, which is about a resource. The better we manage the organization as a system, the more we can do with less. And relative to the quality of the taste and yeah, the customers want this and maybe we can make that even more consistent simultaneously. Can we use control charts to see special causes before they get too far downstream that allows us to maintain that consistency? That'd be nice. Then can we figure out ways to expand our capacity as we gain more? So there's a whole lot to do. So the organization is not static. And simultaneously the challenge becomes how do we stay ahead of others who might be trying to do the same thing? Dr. Deming would say, be thankful for a good competitor. Are we just gonna sit there and say, oh, we're the only coffee... We're the only ones in house that know how to do this. What is our differentiator? And I think having a workforce that thinks in terms of how the activities are connected, that are constantly involved in improvement activities.   0:36:45.1 Bill Bellows: Short of that, what you're hoping is that no one comes along in... Remember the book, it was required reading within Boeing, sadly, 'Who Moved My Cheese?'   0:36:58.2 Andrew Stotz: It was required reading at Pepsi when I was there, and I hated that book. We had another one called 'The Game of Work,' which I just was so annoyed with, but that 'Who Moved My Cheese?' I never, never really enjoyed that at all.   0:37:07.0 Bill Bellows: We used to laugh about, within Rocketdyne 'cause, and for those who aren't aware of the book, the storyline is that there's a bunch of mice and they're living in their little cubby holes and every day they go through the mouse hole, try to avoid the cat, find the cheese, bring the cheese back into their cubby hole, and that life is good. And then one day, somebody steals the cheese, moves the cheese and one's kind of frantic and the other's like, oh, not to worry, Andrew, I'm sure it was taken by a nice person and I'm sure they'll return it. So I wouldn't lose sleep over that. That's okay. That's okay. And then kind of the moral was another company is stealing your cheese and you're sitting there thinking everything's okay, and next thing you know, you're outta business because you weren't paying attention. And so the, and it was, this is written for adults with cartoons of cheese. That's how you appeal... That's how...   0:38:15.9 Andrew Stotz: Yeah. So that's what got me annoyed about it because it felt like, just tell me what you're trying to tell me, okay. Instead of telling me this story. But yeah, it was a used to create the burning platform concept that was used... I know at Pepsi when I was there, they talked about the burning platform, the level of urgency, we're gonna get, and, and there's, I kind of understand where they were coming from with it, but yeah.   0:38:44.7 Bill Bellows: But what is interesting is nowhere in the book was a strategy to be the ones moving the cheese. What it was more like is don't be in an environment where somebody else moves the cheese. Don't be that company. And I thought, no, you wanna be the company that's moving the cheese. But that was, maybe that's an advanced book that hasn't come out yet.   [laughter]   0:39:08.6 Bill Bellows: But really...   0:39:10.5 Andrew Stotz: There's some work for you, Bill.   0:39:12.6 Bill Bellows: But, but that's what... I mean what Dr. Deming is talking about is having an environment where you have that capacity on an ongoing basis. First of all, you're not sitting back stopping at good, thinking that what you're doing is always acceptable. It's trying to do more with that. Anyway, that's what I wanted to explore today. Again, there's nothing wrong with specification limits. I told the gentleman that night, specification limits are provided to allow for variation, to allow for commerce, to allow for suppliers to provide things that meet requirements. Then the question becomes, is there value in doing something with a variation within the specification limits? Is there value in moving that variation around? And that's the desirability focus. That is what Ford realized Toyota was doing a lot, is that then improves the functionality of the resulting product, it improves its reliability. All of that is the possibility of going beyond meeting requirements. So it's not that we shouldn't have, we need specifications. Why? Because there's variation. And if we didn't allow for variation, we couldn't have commerce because we can't deliver exactly anything. So I just want, just for some...   0:40:34.9 Andrew Stotz: Okay, all right. That's a good one.   0:40:37.4 Bill Bellows: All right.   0:40:38.2 Andrew Stotz: And I'll wrap it up with a little humor.   0:40:40.4 Bill Bellows: Go ahead.   0:40:40.5 Andrew Stotz: There were some parody books that came out, in relation to 'Who Moved My Cheese.' In 2002, the book 'Who Cut the Cheese' by Stilton Jarlsberg, which was good. And in 2011 was, 'I Moved Your Cheese' by Deepak Malhotra. So there you go. A little humor for the day. Bill, on behalf of everybody at The Deming Institute, I want to thank you again for this discussion. And for listeners, remember to go to deming.org to continue your journey. And if you want to keep in touch with Bill, just find him on LinkedIn. He responds. This is your host, Andrew Stotz, and I'll leave you with one of my favorite quotes from Dr. Deming. I just love this quote. I think about it all the time. "People are entitled to joy in work."  

La mente del científico más famoso del mundo viaja libre por el espacio, impulsada por las posibilidades ilimitadas de la animación por ordenador. Hawking nos proporciona la guía definitiva del universo, una narración rompedora basada en ciencia real que abarca la totalidad del espacio y el tiempo — desde la naturaleza del universo en sí, hasta las posibilidades de vida extraterrestre, y la posibilidad real de viajar en el tiempo.

Maeve O'Connoll, Fine Gael TD for Dublin Rathdown; Martin Kenny, Sinn Féin TD for Sligo–Leitrim; Pádraig Rice, Social Democrats TD for Cork South-Central; Paul Hosford, Deputy Political Editor with the Irish Examiner

Artificial intelligence is dominating headlines and Big Tech is making bold claims about its potential to revolutionize education. Some say AI will transform the way teachers teach and students learn, while others worry about the risks, the ethics, and the sheer pace of change. In schools, the reality is often more complex. Some teachers are excited about AI, experimenting with it and integrating it into their teaching. Others are hesitant, unsure of how to begin, concerned about its impact, or simply struggling to find the time to learn. In this episode of Teachers Talk Radio, we move beyond the hype and the fear to explore what is actually happening in classrooms. What are the real obstacles that teachers face when it comes to AI? How are students responding to it? What are early adopters discovering, and what advice do they have for teachers who are more cautious? Joining the conversation are two educators with different perspectives on AI in education. Mariel Reid, a teacher of MYP Individuals and Societies at the International School of Bologna, Italy is leading a Gemini AI pilot as part of a Google reference school. She has embraced AI in her teaching and is exploring its potential. Christina Peters, a language teacher at Berlin Cosmopolitan School, Germany has not been an early adopter and, like many teachers, has concerns about how AI is developing, how to find the time to learn how to use AI, and how best to prepare for it. Together, we will discuss the realities of AI in education, the challenges, the opportunities, and what teachers can do, whether they are eager to explore AI or still uncertain about its role in their classrooms.

After winning the prestigious New York Digital Award in 2024, Redefining AI returns with an electrifying Season Four!Join your host Lauren Hawker Zafer, on behalf of Squirro, the Enterprise Gen AI Platform, as we embark on another season of groundbreaking conversations.Episode Three, dives deep into the transformative world of AI, ethics, and education with an extraordinary guest —Clara Hawking.Meet Clara Hawking: Clara isn't just a thought leader; she's a trailblazer at the forefront of AI ethics and education. As the Head of Artificial Intelligence at Globeducate, Clara leads the charge in integrating ethical AI into educational systems worldwide.Her multidisciplinary background—spanning three master's degrees, PhD-level research in political philosophy and psychology, and ongoing studies in cybersecurity—makes her insights both profound and actionable.Clara is also a global speaker, media contributor, and advocate for responsible AI, especially in protecting children in the digital age.In This Episode: Join us as Clara unpacks her journey from academia to AI governance, revealing how ethics, compliance, and risk management can be powerful tools for innovation.We discuss: Ethical AI for children: Strategies to protect privacy and well-being in a digital-first world. Turning AI compliance into a competitive advantage: Real-world examples of responsible AI driving business growth.Key Takeaways: Discover how to balance AI innovation with ethical responsibility, why AI governance matters more than ever, and how leaders can turn regulatory challenges into opportunities.Whether you're an educator, tech leader, parent, or AI enthusiast, this episode offers invaluable insights into building a future where technology serves humanity.#techpodcast #ai

In this episode, we explore the incredible life and legacy of Stephen Hawking, one of the greatest scientific minds of our time. Despite being diagnosed with ALS at just 21, Hawking defied all odds, revolutionizing our understanding of black holes, the Big Bang, and the nature of time. His groundbreaking theory on Hawking radiation reshaped modern physics, while his best-selling book, A Brief History of Time, made complex science accessible to the world. Beyond his research, Hawking became a global icon, proving that physical limitations do not define one's potential. Join us as we dive into his remarkable journey, his contributions to science, and the lasting inspiration he left for future generations.

After winning the prestigious New York Digital Award in 2024, Redefining AI returns with an electrifying Season Four!Join your host Lauren Hawker Zafer, on behalf of Squirro, the Enterprise Gen AI Platform, as we embark on another season of groundbreaking conversations.Spotlight Three, dives deep into the transformative world of AI, ethics, and education with an extraordinary guest —Clara Hawking.Meet Clara Hawking:Clara isn't just a thought leader; she's a trailblazer at the forefront of AI ethics and education. As the Head of Artificial Intelligence at Globeducate, Clara leads the charge in integrating ethical AI into educational systems worldwide.Her multidisciplinary background—spanning three master's degrees, PhD-level research in political philosophy and psychology, and ongoing studies in cybersecurity—makes her insights both profound and actionable.Clara is also a global speaker, media contributor, and advocate for responsible AI, especially in protecting children in the digital age.In This Episode:Join us as Clara unpacks her journey from academia to AI governance, revealing how ethics, compliance, and risk management can be powerful tools for innovation.We discuss:Ethical AI for children: Strategies to protect privacy and well-being in a digital-first world.Turning AI compliance into a competitive advantage: Real-world examples of responsible AI driving business growth.Key Takeaways:Discover how to balance AI innovation with ethical responsibility, why AI governance matters more than ever, and how leaders can turn regulatory challenges into opportunities.Whether you're an educator, tech leader, parent, or AI enthusiast, this episode offers invaluable insights into building a future where technology serves humanity.#techpodcast #ai

AP's Lisa Dwyer reports phones previously loaded with TIKTOK are now sprouting up for sale.

Curry Vs Furry, Plums and Gums, The Role playing dentist, a Kissing career, Hawking and King Charles Toes.

Join host Clara Lin Hawking as hosts a critical discussion on teacher well-being in the age of advanced technology and AI. Clara welcomes special guest Julian “Mental Six-Pack”, a renowned mental and fitness coach, who shares his expertise on managing stress, setting boundaries, and staying mentally fit in high-pressure environments. From practical breathing exercises to actionable strategies for creating work-life balance, Julian dives into the challenges faced by educators and offers tools to thrive. Whether you're a teacher grappling with the always-on nature of technology or a leader looking to support your team, this episode provides a wealth of knowledge to help you navigate modern-day stressors. Tune in and discover how small changes can lead to big improvements in mental health and classroom productivity. Sponsored by John Catt Educational and USA Study, this episode is a must-listen for educators seeking sustainable well-being in their professional lives.

Ep. 255, Recorded 1/15/2025. It's what you're used to. Toddler Mandate. Watch out! F-i-r-e-dup! You don't like Sno-Cones? Toddie Appleseed. Fly the Eagle Proudly. Hawking your memes. Carry On: Nuthin' to see here… To train or not to train. Arccos got jokes.

For hundreds of years, atheists have been blaming the world's problems on religion. But John Lennox says not so fast! Tackling well-known skeptics Hawking, Dawkins, Dennett, Hitchens, and Onfray, he pinpoints fallacies in the New Atheists' approach, arguing that their irrational, unscientific methodology is no better than the unreasoned claims offered by religious dogmatists.Become a Parshall Partner: http://moodyradio.org/donateto/inthemarket/partnersSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

For hundreds of years, atheists have been blaming the world's problems on religion. But John Lennox says not so fast! Tackling well-known skeptics Hawking, Dawkins, Dennett, Hitchens, and Onfray, he pinpoints fallacies in the New Atheists' approach, arguing that their irrational, unscientific methodology is no better than the unreasoned claims offered by religious dogmatists.Become a Parshall Partner: http://moodyradio.org/donateto/inthemarket/partnersSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

What type of time travel is in “A Christmas Carol”? Neil deGrasse Tyson and comedian Chuck Nice answer fan questions on time travel, paradoxes, and wormholes with theoretical physicist, Brian Greene. Did Ebenezer Scrooge get pulled through a wormhole?  (Originally Aired December 20, 2022)NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/past-present-future-time-travel-with-brian-greene/ Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ on Apple Podcasts to listen to new episodes ad-free and a whole week early.

It's a sneak peek of the director's cut of "Hawk & Chick Versus Cephalopod Monster" as we continue to make our way through the tenth season of "Bob's Burgers" with the end credits sequence to: Season 10, Episode 6: "The Hawkening: Look Who's Hawking Now!" ----Hey! We're on YouTube now! Check out our new podcast video series "My Favorite Episode" and subscribe so you'll be notified when we post more!Check Out The Bob's Credits Merch Shop Right Here!----Follow And Support Us On:PatreonTikTokInstagram YouTubeThreads--Also, if you enjoyed the episode, please subscribe and leave a review wherever you can. And more importantly, spread the word. The more action the show gets, the better. We want to continue to make these episodes, and building an audience is the best way to make sure we'll be able to. Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

It's not good.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

¡Vótame en los Premios iVoox 2024! TLM - - 1245 - Física: Teorías Especial y General de la Relatividad - ¿Qué es la Teoría de la Relatividad de Einstein? En la historia de la ciencia y la física, varios eruditos, teorías y ecuaciones se han convertido en nombres familiares. En términos de científicos, los ejemplos notables incluyen a Pitágoras, Aristóteles, Galileo, Newton, Planck y Hawking. En términos de teorías, está el “Eureka” de Arquímedes, la Manzana de Newton (Gravitación Universal) y el Gato de Schrödinger (mecánica cuántica). Pero el más famoso y renombrado es sin duda Albert Einstein (Relatividad), y la famosa ecuación, E=mc 2 . Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

In this episode, we have the return of Priit Mihkelson. Priit is an Estonian Black Belt, he is one of the preeminent thinkers of defensive Jiu Jitsu and he travels the world as a highly sought-after instructor. You will hear us using terms, like Hawking, Panda, Running Man, Grilled Chicken, Seal Feet, and more with the expectation that you have at least a familiarity with what those are. We discuss his new gym, how his adoption of the ecological approach is going, his thoughts on the various tournaments and so much more. We also allude to Priit's current family situation as his child is fighting through a serious illness. Please take a moment to send some positive energy his way. Links: @priit_mihkelson @defensivebjj @estum.jiujitsu https://www.etsy.com/shop/dedicatedgrappler/ Give us a 5 star review on Apple Music and Spotify Become a VIP member for only .99 a month, get ad free, uncensored, early episodes podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/foreverwhitebelt/subscribe. Instagram @foreverwhitebeltshow. Go buy your Forever White Belt merchandise at teespring.com/forever-white-belt. Linktree https://linktr.ee/foreverwhitebelt#bjjlife #bjjlifestyle #bjj4life #jiujitsulife #jiujitsulifestyle #brazilianjiujitsu #jiujitsu4life #artesuave #jiujitsu #bjjforlife #grappling #jiujitsuforeveryone #bjj #bjjglobetrotters #thatpriitshit

What's the best way to do science communication? Will Jupiter expand when the Sun dies? How would aliens experience their environment? Can New Horizons get new targets in future? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

What's the best way to do science communication? Will Jupiter expand when the Sun dies? How would aliens experience their environment? Can New Horizons get new targets in future? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

Agents Webber and Hawking make a choice when confronted by local PD, while Agents Hard and Winters hunt down the disruptive owner of an ecological magazine.

The Riverfront Times was sold to an undisclosed buyer in May, but the secret may be out. STLPR's Jessica Rogen reports that an LLC in Texas appears to be the new owner. The investigation involved digging into incorporation documents, lawsuit filings and more — all of which points to RSC Ventures, a company that's leveraging the RFT's online reputation to fund a link-farming business involving OnlyFans creators and camgirls.

This week I continue my conversations with some of the outstanding Schwarzman Scholars who presented at the Capstone Showcase in late June. In this episode, I speak with Nainika Sudheendra about the problem of space debris and what can be done to reduce the creation of more of it or even begin removal of debris before it makes the launching of new satellites more costly or even impossible.2:34 Nainika's background and interest in the Schwarzman program5:33 Why Nainika focused on space debris 7:23 Nainika's prior knowledge about the Chinese space program and what she learned through the Schwarzman program10:30 How space debris is measured, the Kessler syndrome, and the hazards that space debris poses 14:33 The obstacles Nainika encountered in her research 16:35 How political leaders in China and the U.S. are thinking about the space debris problem20:02 How debris mitigation might [ought to?] be incentivized, who is working on the problem now, and the role of private insurers 24:03 The Wolf Amendment and Chinese private sector space companies 27:22 Technologies for mitigating and remediating debris 31:00 Lessons from another tragedy of the commons (the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer), and how the EU could take a leading role 34:59 The importance of data standardization and opportunities to negotiate fair use and safety precautions38:17 How redundancy prevents public perception — the difficulty in going from “outage” to “outrage” 40:27 What Nainika has been doing since finishing at Schwarzman Recommendations:Nainika: From Streets to Stalls: The History and Evolution of Hawking and Hawker Centres in Singapore by Ryan Kueh (another Schwarzman alum) Kaiser: Journalist Andrew Jones on Twitter; the South Indian restaurant Viks Chaat in Berkeley, California See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Could the fabric of time itself become overcrowded? Is it possible that unrestricted temporal exploration could lead to a crisis of overpopulation across the ages? These mind-bending concepts challenge our understanding of reality, causality, and the very nature of existence. From temporal refugees fleeing collapsing timelines to the emergence of chrono-agoraphobia, the potential consequences of manipulating time are as fascinating as they are terrifying...If you are having a mental health crisis and need immediate help please go to https://troubledminds.org/help/ and call somebody right now. Reaching out for support is a sign of strength.LIVE ON Digital Radio! http://bit.ly/3m2Wxom or http://bit.ly/40KBtlWhttp://www.troubledminds.org Support The Show!https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/troubled-minds-radio--4953916/supporthttps://ko-fi.com/troubledmindshttps://rokfin.com/creator/troubledmindshttps://patreon.com/troubledmindshttps://www.buymeacoffee.com/troubledmindshttps://troubledfans.comFriends of Troubled Minds! - https://troubledminds.org/friendsShow Schedule Sun-Mon-Tues-Wed-Thurs 7-10pstiTunes - https://apple.co/2zZ4hx6Spotify - https://spoti.fi/2UgyzqMTuneIn - https://bit.ly/2FZOErSTwitter - https://bit.ly/2CYB71U----------------------------------------https://troubledminds.org/the-chronopocalypse-displacing-temporal-refugees/https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a62045571/how-wormholes-shape-our-reality/https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.109.084010https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking%27s_time_traveller_partyhttps://www.theguardian.com/books/article/2024/sep/01/jeffrey-j-kripal-how-think-impossibly-souls-ufoshttps://futurism.com/the-byte/100-years-ago-mars-signalhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62073675https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/AccidentalTimeTravelhttps://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/IntangibleTimeTravelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Malletthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaoulihttps://patents.google.com/patent/US20090234788A1/enhttps://patents.google.com/patent/US20060073976A1/enhttps://patents.google.com/patent/WO2013088425A2/en

EITM interviews Brad Meltzer

In this episode Keith shares the survey results on what the highest rising cost for landords is and what to do about it. He challenges the conventional wisdom that all debts should be paid off.  He talks about how the rising costs of homeowners insurance and property taxes are the most significant expenses for single family landlords 76% of single family landlords plan to raise rents over the next 12 months, with 35% expecting increases over 4%. Learn about the concept of debt as leverage and its role in wealth building. The importance of liquidity, interest rate arbitrage, and the ability to outsource debt payments. How inflation impacts debt. Understand the benefits of debt in real estate investment, including the ability to own more properties and create arbitrage opportunities. Show Notes: GetRichEducation.com/516 For access to properties or free help with a GRE Investment Coach, start here: GREmarketplace.com Get mortgage loans for investment property: RidgeLendingGroup.com or call 855-74-RIDGE  or e-mail: info@RidgeLendingGroup.com Invest with Freedom Family Investments.  You get paid first: Text FAMILY to 66866 For advertising inquiries, visit: GetRichEducation.com/ad Will you please leave a review for the show? I'd be grateful. Search “how to leave an Apple Podcasts review”  GRE Free Investment Coaching: GREmarketplace.com/Coach Best Financial Education: GetRichEducation.com Get our wealth-building newsletter free— text ‘GRE' to 66866 Our YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com/c/GetRichEducation Follow us on Instagram: @getricheducation Complete episode transcript:   Automatically Transcribed With Otter.ai    Keith Weinhold  00:00 Welcome to GRE. I'm your host. Keith Weinhold, the economy is affecting real estate in some interesting ways. Now, vital trends revealed from a survey of single family landlords. Then the heart of today's show is every debt that you have worth paying off. The answer is no, with some surprising reasons all today on Get Rich Education. When you want the best real estate and finance info, the modern Internet experience limits your free articles access, and it's replete with paywalls and you've got pop ups and push notifications and cookies, disclaimers. Oh, had no other time in history has it been more vital to place nice, clean, free content into your hands that actually adds no hype value to your life? See, this is the golden age of quality newsletters, and I write every word of ours myself, it's got a dash of humor, and it's to the point to get the letter. It couldn't be more simple. Text, GRE 66866 and when you start the free newsletter, you'll also get my one hour fast real estate course, completely free. It's called The Don't quit your Daydream letter and it wires your mind for wealth. Make sure you read it. Text GRE to 66866, text GRE to 66866.   Corey Coates  01:34 You're listening to the show that has created more financial freedom than nearly any show in the world. This is Get Rich Education.   Keith Weinhold  01:51 Welcome to GRE you are listening to the voice of real estate investing since 2014 I'm your host, Keith Weinhold back to help you build your wealth for another week. This is Get Rich Education. That's just one of many things that makes this show different from other shows, or just consuming news stories. Here, you stay updated on important real estate investing trends, but you learn specific strategies to actionably build your wealth. That's the difference, and it's with the most generationally proven medium of real estate, all without you having to be a flipper and often not a landlord either. Now, presidential candidates make lots of promises during their campaigns, that includes with real estate here recently, even if you're listening 10 years from now, I'll tell you how to put something like this into perspective. Kamala Harris unveiled her plan to spur the construction of 3 million more housing units. That's a good thing. America needs more housing. She also wants to give federal assistance, and by the way, that means your money. She wants to give federal assistance in the form of a $25,000 down payment help for first time home buyers. I see that as a bad thing, and see there's no partisan bias here at GRE a lot of media outlets, they will filter something like this is all good or all bad, because they get better ratings when they rile people up, and that results in a divided America. But the problem is that the 25k of down payment help that can be delivered faster than new homes can be built, and that risks pushing up home prices faster, sooner, which arose the very affordability that's trying to be helped here now a presidential candidate, be it Kamala Harris or anyone when they have this enthusiasm to also limit price gouging at grocery stores here, like this candidate does. I mean, that's the beginning of price controls, and when there are price controls, no farmer is going to want to produce cherry tomatoes or Fisher is going to want to produce wild caught salmon if they have a significant price ceiling limiting the supply of those things. Therefore, I mean, when we had price controls in the high inflation 70s, that created shortages. And it's important to keep in mind that presidential campaign promises, they often don't become policies that are enacted even if that person is elected president, and even if they are, much of this still requires congressional approval, and we still have a divided Congress, and any tax changes require the approval of Congress. So really, this stuff is just a presidential wish list, giving you some perspective here. Now on the topic of shortages, there still is not enough available supply of US homes, active listings, those seeking a starter home often get more worn out than your grandpa after two games of checkers. But inventory levels are not as bad as they used to be, we still got a ways to go to claw back close to a more normal, balanced pre pandemic housing supply level nationally, we are still 29% lower. There are now still 29% fewer active listings than there were in pre pandemic times and most individual states still have inventory levels lower than that, too, compared to five years ago, when we break it down by state, some have a more paltry supply than others, though, places with the scarcest inventory, they seem To be those states where maple syrup gets produced, as it turns out, and I sure hope that this doesn't mean people need to sleep in the sugar shack. Connecticut is down 75% that means they have 75% less inventory than five years ago, pre pandemic, Illinois down 66%,  New Jersey down 57%, Virginia down 53%, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Michigan all with 51% less inventory than they had pre pandemic. Ohio down 43%, California and Missouri each down 31%. The main problem here is that the Northeast and Midwest have not had enough home building in order to keep up with housing demand. I guess what? There were too many snow days in the Northeast and Midwest, or were builders constantly distracted by potholes and cicadas? Conversely, there are three popular investor states where for sale inventory is just a tad higher now than it was five years ago. Texas is up 6%, Florida up 5%, Tennessee up 2% and this doesn't mean that these states are oversupplied with housing, it just means that they have a touch more than they did in 2019 so they're closer to balance. The important overall thing to remember here is, of course, that nationally, buyers still outnumber sellers. So between the lower mortgage rates that we've had in the past year and the low supply, this keeps the environment ripe. There will be more offers and more potential for home prices to increase faster than its current rate of 4.1%. That 4.1% year over year, as per the NAR, it's important for you to understand that there's virtually no way that prices can revert to their pre pandemic levels. Home prices are not going back to where they used to be five years ago. In fact, there is more pressure on them to rise from here not fall, and there are a few reasons why prices cannot go back to where they were. The rate of inflation has slowed. You've seen the price of lumber come down, but wider inflation has been indelibly baked into the pricing cake. Homes now have higher, permanently embedded costs of labor, materials and land that all have more stick-to-itiveness to them than Simone Biles on the balance beam. Prices are not coming down anytime in the near future. You might remember that right here on this show in in our newsletter, back in late December, eight months ago, I forecast that national home prices would rise 4% this year, and I still really like how that looks.  I'll get back to the investment side here shortly, but real quick, in light of the new rules about how real estate agents are compensated if you're about to buy a primary residence, you may not have any experience negotiating with a broker. In last week's newsletter, I sent you a template you can use and that can help you simplify the process as a buyer and help you avoid being taken advantage of. I sent you that template last Thursday. Back here on the real estate investor side, after a high tide of inflation, you know, you and I, we have all surely enjoyed the splash of both higher property prices and rents. That looks to continue. But what about your higher property expenses, too? Let's talk about what you've got to do to avoid getting crunched by expenses. A survey of single family landlords was recently conducted by lending one in resi club, and they asked this question, what is your expense that increased the most the past 12 months? The number one answer is fast rising insurance premiums, with half of respondents citing that as their biggest expense increase item. And that's hardly a new development, not surprising. The next biggest expense was property tax,  27% of respondents cited that. That's mostly a reflection of higher property values and their consequent tax assessments. 235 single family landlords completed this survey, by the way. So they were the proportion of landlords that answered about what was their fastest increasing expense. Half of them said insurance, easily the most well, the rate of increase in homeowners insurance costs was roughly 10 to 12% nationally last year. That's according to the Insurance Information Institute, and the top two reasons for this are more severe storms and higher replacement costs. The good news is that further rate increases are cooling off, though, all right, but still, what are you to do as a rental property owner that's stuck with a higher property insurance bill? I've got a great answer for you, and it's so incredibly simple. You pass the expense along to your tenant with a rent increase, and then others can deal with what happens downstream from there. And I'll tell you how to go about doing this shortly, which is also so incredibly simple. But if you're reluctant to pass along the increased insurance expense to your tenant, understand that you and your tenant are just like two ports along a river. As this wave of inflation flows along, it flows from the reinsurer to the insurer, to you, the property owner, to the increased rent, to the hike in the tenant wage, to the employer, and then the employer hikes prices on the consumer. That's how the river flows. No watered down returns for you. Now, of course, this River's headwaters are sourced with the government, because that's where inflation comes from. Inflation means an expansion of the money supply. You and your tenant are really two ports along the river. Don't let the expense water dam up and flood you, and the written reason that you give your tenant for the rent increase is drum roll here, higher insurance costs. Yeah, that's it. It's super simple. There's no need to be inventive here. Honesty is therefore the best river raft. Hey, come on now this remorseless geography degree holder has got to let loose with something like river references from time to time. So that's the greatest expense increase item, what to do about it and how you should go about doing it. Now this same survey of single family landlords, they showed that 76% expect to reach high watermarks and raise the rent over the next 12 months, including 35% of landlords who say the rent increase will be over 4% and planned rent increases of one to 7% are most common. That's the planned rent increase range one to 7%. Look, you didn't get into real estate to subsidize others living expenses. There is nothing unethical about adjusting to market level rent. Rent hikes are like a lock lifting your ship through the Panama Canal. All right, so what do we make of this. I mean, gaging, overall investor sentiment is we head later into the 2020s, decade. What is the landlord temperature? As I see it, expenses are up. Higher. Rents follow. And last quarter, home values increased in almost 90% of us, Metro markets, yes, property values are up in 89% of Metro markets. But how do single family landlords in this same survey feel? Well, 60% of them say they will buy at least one investment property over the next 12 months. So most single family landlords they want to buy more. And when that's broken down by region, the most single family real estate investor optimism is in the Midwest, Northeast and South. And really single family landlords are optimistic in every region except the West. And this makes sense. Cash Flows are less lucrative in the West because prices have long outpaced rents there, the survey really shows that most aren't wildly bullish or excessively bearish on the real estate market. They expect it to stay balanced. Many plan to buy properties raise rents, and the survey shows that they, too, expect a 4% home price appreciation rate. That's what it showed, and they anticipate falling interest rates.  Now, personally, I often disagree with what the masses think. I mean, contrarians to the mainstream, they are often the profiteers. But in this case, I guess I'm more agreeable with the survey respondents than a perfectly brewed cup of coffee in the morning. And well, maybe that's because single family landlords, the very people that were surveyed are not mainstream. The housing market is actually pretty normal in most every significant way, except, of course, the ongoing lack of housing inventory and affordability challenges for first time homebuyers. And if you're a newer GRE listener, even normal times can be thrilling for a real estate investor when you achieve a 40% plus total rate of return from how real estate pays you five ways. Yes, if you're new here, I know that sounds like an unachievable return, but 40% plus is actually realistic without high risk when you understand your five simultaneous profit sources with income producing property. In fact, when someone asks why you invest in real estate, you can just hold up five fingers. The broader economy shows a lot of signs of normalcy as well, GDP, growth, consumer spending, unemployment, the inflation rate, but the sad exception here is this widening gap between the wealthy and the poor, so I guess that more people charter yachts and yet others increasingly pour mountain dew on their fruit loops in the morning for breakfast. Now, complete uncertainty never disappears, but after disruptions from covid, high inflation and new wars, a lot of people see calmer times ahead. Elections matter, but some people seem more concerned about who the next President will be than the parent of a Sephora obsessed teen. Presidential elections aren't known to rock the real estate market, and actually, history shows that the more sensitive stock market is only temporarily affected by an election. Sometimes I just ponder and quietly think to myself, hmm, when the liquid death drink brand thrives from Hawking wildly overpriced water in a can, I posit just how bad can the economy really be? The bottom line is that most single family investors are meeting higher insurance expenses with rent increases and they want to buy more income property over the next 12 months.  Hey, if you like this show here, and you get value from it every week, I love it when you just simply tell a friend about the show, it's as easy as having them download our dedicated Get Rich Education mobile app for both iOS and Android. If you think you have any friends that would benefit from the vital episode here, I'd be grateful if you shared the show with them, use the Share button on your podcaster, or even take a screenshot and post it to your social. Straight ahead is any debt worth paying off? I'm Keith Weinhold. You're listening to Get Rich Education.  Hey, you can get your mortgage loans at the same place where I get mine, at Ridge Lending Group NMLS, 42056, they provided our listeners with more loans than any provider in the entire nation, because they specialize in income properties, they help you build a long term plan for growing your real estate empire with leverage. You can start your pre qualification and chat with President Caeli Ridge personally. Start now while it's on your mind at Ridgelendinggroup.com that's Ridgelendinggroup.com.   Keith Weinhold  19:47 Your bank is getting rich off of you. The national average bank account pays less than 1% on your savings. If your money isn't making 4% you're losing your hard earned cash to inflation. Let the liquidity fund help you put your money to work with minimum risk, your cash generates up to an 8% return with compound interest, year in and year out. Instead of earning less than 1% sitting in your bank account, the minimum investment is just 25k, you keep getting paid until you decide you want your money back. Their decade plus track record proves they've always paid their investors 100% in full and on time. And I would know, because I'm an investor too, earn 8% hundreds of others are text FAMILY  to 66866, learn more about Freedom Family Investments, Liquidity Fund, on your journey to financial freedom through passive income. Text, FAMILY to 66866.   Dani-Lynn Robison  20:49 This is Freedom Family Investments Co-founder, Dani-Lynn Robison, listen to Get Rich Education with Keith Weinhold, and Don't Quit Your Daydream.   Keith Weinhold  20:57 Welcome back to Get Rich Education. I'm your host, Keith Weinhold, you're listening to Episode 516 is every debt that you have worth paying off? The short answer is no. I have held millions of dollars in debt from a young age, and I just keep holding on to more and more. Look what happens to your net worth when you pay down one of your debts, absolutely nothing happens to your net worth. It stays the same. All right. Say that the total value of all of your assets gives you a sum of one and a half million dollars. That's the combined value of any of your real estate, cars, retirement accounts, gold, Bitcoin, all of it, anything of value one and a half million and totaling up all of your debts equals just a half million. That's your mortgages, automobile debt, credit card debt, everything. All right, so you've got one and a half million in assets and 500k in debt. So you've got a million dollar net worth, okay, well, next, say that you decide to pay down 100k of your debt. All right. Well, what's the result? You've got only $1.4 million in assets and just 400k in debt. Well, the result is that your net worth is still a million bucks. You've now got fewer assets and less debt, so you just broke even. But it could be worse than just a break even, because what if, one month after you made this debt pay down. You now need that 100k back for living expenses, but you can no longer get it returned to you because you lost your job, so no one will qualify you for a loan again, or you still have your job. But lending standards have tightened and changed now your 100k is on the other side of a wall that you can't access. So debt pay down isn't just a question of net worth, it's liquidity. And there are some more layers here that we're going to get into paying down mortgage debt. It also builds home equity. Well, that is usually a bad thing, because, as I'm known for saying, home equity is unsafe, illiquid, and its rate of return is always zero. Do you know the crowd that sometimes forgets this and really gets penalized? It is seniors, retirees. All right, what happens when a person is older and they've had a paid off home for a while. People get a reverse mortgage. They need funds for living expenses. Well, reverse mortgages, they have high fees, and also you can't get nearly all of your equity out. You'll often only get up to 60 to 65% loan to value, meaning that 35 to 40% of that hard earned equity that you worked decades for. First it became trapped with no return, and now it's essentially gone. Poof. For all those years, your home is paid off, even if it began as early as your 30s, like it does for some people all that time your equity wasn't earning any rate of return. And the earlier in life you learned that the ROI from home equity is always zero, the better. You didn't see any bill for this loss. You just never saw the gain that you should have had. And that's part of the reason why this myth that home equity is such a great thing perpetuates and carries on for generations. All right, well, we are just getting warmed up here at a key financial question in your life. That question is, is every debt that you have worth paying off?   24:58 Did you know millions of Americans live with debt they cannot control. That's why I developed this unique new program for managing your debt. It's called Don't buy stuff you cannot afford. Let me see that. If you don't have any money, you should not buy anything. hmm sounds interesting, sounds confusing.   Keith Weinhold  25:24 Well, there's a little something to be said for that. But what about interest rate? If that 100k that you paid down was for credit card debt? All right? Well, that was probably a good thing. 44% of American credit card holders carry debt month to month. Now I'm going to guess for you the GRE listener, it's even less likely than that that you carry debt month per month, where you would be subject to credit card finance charges. The average credit card interest rate in America is about 25% today, and it is unsecured debt, meaning that it's a debt type that's not backed by collateral. Now, yes, you can beat a 25% return if you're leveraged in real estate, but your liquid cash flow drain is drastic on credit cards. The other problem with credit cards is that you have to pay your own debt. Later, I'll talk about when others pay your debt for you. And if you have decided that you have some debts worth paying down because its interest rate is too high for goodness sake, pay the one with the highest interest rate first. I know there's a school of thought that says, pay the debt with the lowest balance. First, that is nonsense. Now, sometimes, if you know specifically what you're doing with credit cards, you can play some little games with them. I mean, personally, after I finished college, I kept transferring credit card balances with 0% APR, Intro offers, introductory offers that were for a limited time at 0% and then I kept track of that so that intro rate didn't expire. But this isn't any sort of long term wealth building strategy. Higher balance transfer fees have made that strategy less lucrative. Now too, banks have tightened that up. When it comes to interest rates, it's about that arbitrage. Ask yourself really two questions when it comes to arbitrage, which is just a fancy sounding way of making a profit or a spread. First, you need to ask yourself, how good of an investor Are you? What percent return can you reliably earn from your investments? Say you think it's 15% then if you're plus 15 but the interest rate on your debt is 8, well, then you've got 7 points of arbitrage or profit. So keep the 8% debt. And then secondly on arbitrage plays. Ask yourself, can I afford the cash flow if I keep this debt around? Because if you're 15% return, just say that it's all tied up in the appreciation of a property. Well, that's not very liquid, so you're going to need to have the free cash to make the payments on your 8% interest rate loan. Let's talk about other times not to pay down the debt. Say you're trying to build up an emergency fund of at least three months, or you want to contribute to your employer match in your company's retirement plan, you may very well want to fund those things before you pay down debt too. Now some say, hey, you know something. Just forget about all these numbers like rates of return and interest rates. You know, debt just makes me feel anxiety and feel stress and sleeplessness. There is emotion here, so let me just get it paid off. Or I'm afraid that if I've got some money and I don't pay off my debt, that I'll just lose all of the money to sports gambling, and to that, I say, come on, be an adult. Set some boundaries. Dog ears, some cash for entertainment, and have a firm line. Learn how to use that to your advantage. Debt is like fire. It can burn you if you don't know how to use it, and it can heat your home if you do know how to use it. And if debt gives you sleeplessness. Here, this will help you sleep your debts, principal balance is being debased for you as you sleep, every single one of your debts is being eroded by inflation. Right now, as you listen to me, your principal balance is quietly, debasing and passively, eroding with your say 500k of total debt. We have 10% inflation over a couple years. Well, that erodes its weight down to 450k all without you having to get involved and make any pay downs at all. As wages go higher, and so do prices and rents and salaries, as they all spiral higher, it gets easier to pay back those principal balances. And debt is the most powerful wealth building force that I know of, because debt is leverage. Compound interest is weak. Leverage is powerful. Debt allows you to own and control five times as many properties as you could if they were all paid off. And if you don't understand this, or if your jaw hit the floor, what I just said a minute ago, that compound interest is weak. I just discussed this for you in clear detail nine weeks ago, on Get Rich Education podcast episode 507. So go and check that out. One attribute of real estate debt is that as you get properties where the rent income meets or exceeds the expenses, congratulations, you have reliably outsourced all of your debt payments to tenants. See, most of my debt, personally, virtually all of it, it isn't really going to be paid back by me. It's my tenants, and that is another reason to keep debt in place and only make the minimum payment. Let's talk about another reason to pay down your debt when a payoff or pay down actually does make sense, even if it's at a low interest rate, it's when an outside force kind of makes you pay down your debt. And here's what I'm talking about. Say you're trying to buy a property, whether that's a primary residence or rental, and that you've got say, Oh, just $11,000 left to pay on your car loan at a 5% interest rate, even though you can't outsource the payments. That's a pretty nice low 5% interest rate, you're confident that you can beat that and earn more elsewhere, so you'd rather enjoy the positive arbitrage instead of paying that off. And I'd feel the same way. But here's the twist, your mortgage loan officer says you've got to pay the $11,000 down to zero because your debt to income ratio is too high. So if you want the mortgage, the big loan amount, you've got to pay off the car loan, the little loan amount. Well, that's a case when it makes sense to pay off that automobile loan debt then, and also, when it comes to your credit score, you might need to improve it to qualify for another loan so you can get a low interest rate and 30% of your FICO score is made up of your amounts owed. I'm answering a vital question for you today, and that is, is every one of your debts worth paying off? I'm sharing information, perspective and experience with you here, and this experience was built, just like all experiences, and I didn't always have the experience, of course. Now my parents and I split my college loan costs, 5050, I still had student loan debts for a few years after graduating, and you know, I can't remember what my student loan interest rates were maybe 6% blended because I had a few different student loans, some of which I did transfer onto those 0% intro, APR credit cards, by the way. But after my student loans were paid off, and I started investing in real estate and understanding terms like leverage and arbitrage, you know, I started to wonder if it would be desirable to have those student loans back rather than paying them off so fast I could have owned another property or two sooner, and I'll never know the opportunity cost of not benefiting from the returns on owning more Property sooner. And of course, student loan debt is one of the few debt types that cannot be written off in bankruptcy that tilts back a little toward paying them off sooner than later.  What you just heard me talk about here for the last 15 or so minutes is a message that hundreds of millions of people need to hear it's that not every debt is worth paying off or even paying down. So to help give you a summary answer to our question, is every debt worth paying off? The answer is no, and the key considerations are liquidity, interest rate arbitrage inyour ability to outsource the debt. Debt is good when it helps you buy a cash flowing asset or create arbitrage. Debt is probably even good when it helps you buy a home for your family and have a sense of permanency and a mantle to place baseballs and hang Christmas stockings from and build memories. And now this is all because every single one of us either uses debt or we forego the opportunity to use debt. Well, when we forego using debt, we are now subject to a resultant opportunity cost, and this is why a central and enduring mantra here at GRE is that financially free beats debt free. Financially free means that you have enough residual income streams to meet all of your expenses and live just how you want to live. Debt Free means that you don't owe anyone anything, but if you put debt free before financially free, you are going to grind and live below your means and eat dirt and miss opportunities for decades.   And speaking of leveraging your way to financial freedom with assets, the way that we actionably help you here is by recommending income producing providers and properties for you. And you probably noticed over time that GRE marketplace properties here are less expensive than elsewhere. And you might wonder why exactly is this? Well, there's a few reasons. Investor advantage markets have low prices. Also, there is no agent you get to buy directly. Thirdly, providers provide homes in bulk, keeping your costs down. And then finally, there are no owner occupied emotions involved here with buying and owning rental properties, so you don't have sellers that are making unreasonable requests. So this helps answer why GRE marketplace properties are often good deals. Now it seems like states with the best cash flow in real estate are the same ones where people are more likely to wear bib overalls. That's just how it is. In fact. Hey, case in point, I just learned about some brand new, new build single family rentals in southwest Missouri at GRE marketplace. They're available for you to own regardless of where you live. They make ideal rentals, and they come with free property management for the first year. And because they're freshly built. Expect the likelihood of a quality tenant, light maintenance and low repair costs for years. Let me just quickly mention two of them to give you a feel. The first one is in Carthage, Missouri. The single family rental is three bed, two bath. Rent 1550 the price is 206k it's 1200 square feet, built this year. You get a $1,200 rent credit with it. So it's going to take a 51k down payment, and it produces cash flow. The second one is in Carl Junction, Missouri, four bed two bath in this single family rental. The rents $1,875 the price $250,500 1683 square feet built this year. 62k down and produces cash flow. And like I said, both come with free property management for the first year, and we can help set up an entire real estate investment plan for you, whether it's with these properties or others in multiple states, where we help you make it easy on yourself and contact a GRE investment coach. It is truly free always. There aren't going to be any hidden coaching bills that pop up in the mail. We don't have some paid coaching program. We're trying to upsell you. We don't have anything to sell, and our coaches are like advisors, consultants, super connectors and like silent partners on your deals, and they get zero equity in the deal. And our coaches don't wear Bib Overalls either. So they keep it really relatable for you, make it actionable and make a real difference in your life, start at gremarketplace.com. That's where you can contact a GRE investment coach, and we'll see how we can help you out from gremarketplace.com just click on the free investment coaching button.  Until next week, I'm your host, Keith Weinhold, and I'll be back to help you build your wealth, Don't Quit Your Daydream.   39:46 Nothing on this show should be considered specific, personal or professional advice. Please consult an appropriate tax, legal, real estate, financial or business professional for individualized advice. Opinions of guests are their own. Information is not guaranteed or investment strategies have the potential for profit or loss. The host is operating on behalf of get rich Education LLC, exclusively.   Keith Weinhold  40:06 The preceding program was brought to you by your home for wealth building. GetRichEducation.com.

The ladies discuss Hawk Tuah Girl, Alice Munro's dark secret, and the George Stephanopoulos and James Carville postmortems of Biden's debate performance.

Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist, author, and host of Mindscape podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - HiddenLayer: https://hiddenlayer.com/lex - Cloaked: https://cloaked.com/lex and use code LexPod to get 25% off - Notion: https://notion.com/lex - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sean-carroll-3-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Sean's Website: https://preposterousuniverse.com Mindscape Podcast: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/ Sean's YouTube: https://youtube.com/@seancarroll Sean's Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Twitter: https://twitter.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Instagram: https://instagram.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lfifrv8AAAAJ Sean's Books: https://amzn.to/3W7yT9N PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (11:03) - General relativity (23:22) - Black holes (28:11) - Hawking radiation (32:19) - Aliens (41:15) - Holographic principle (1:05:38) - Dark energy (1:11:38) - Dark matter (1:20:34) - Quantum mechanics (1:41:56) - Simulation (1:44:18) - AGI (1:58:42) - Complexity (2:11:25) - Consciousness (2:20:32) - Naturalism (2:24:49) - Limits of science (2:29:34) - Mindscape podcast (2:39:29) - Einstein