Podcasts about European Food Safety Authority

This conversation was prompted by an event that occurred just before the opening of the 2024 Paris Olympics. One of the top dressage riders had to withdraw because of a video that showed her whipping a horse during a training session. The video came out just as Dominique and I were planning our next podcast recording. Dominique said her social media feed was filled with posts discussing the video. Should we talk about it. Generally we shy away from talking directly about training that disturbs us. But horse welfare is an important topic and one we need to be talking about. So I invited Michaela Hempen to join us. We've just finished the conversation with Michaela on the connection between riding and the Feldenkrais work. Normally we wouldn't have a guest do back to back conversations, but Michaela was the perfect person to ask to join us. In her day job with the European Food Safety Authority she is currently involved in providing scientific assessments that inform the European Commission and other EU member states to formulate legislation to protect animals. This has primarily meant animals produced for food, but the mandate has broadened out to include equine welfare in general. In Part 1 Michaela described what they will be considering under these new mandates. In Part 2 we consider the role each of us can play in moving the horse community as a whole forward towards more horse-friendly training.

This conversation was prompted by an event that occurred just before the opening of the 2024 Paris Olympics. One of the top dressage riders had to withdraw because of a video that showed her whipping a horse during a training session. The video came out just as Dominique and I were planning our next podcast recording. Dominique said her social media feed was filled with posts discussing the video. Should we talk about it. Generally we shy away from talking directly about training that disturbs us. But horse welfare is an important topic and one we need to be talking about. So I invited Michaela Hempen to join us. We've just finished the conversation with Michaela on the connection between riding and the Feldenkrais work. Normally we wouldn't have a guest do back to back conversations, but Michaela was the perfect person to ask to join us. In her day job with the European Food Safety Authority she is currently involved in providing scientific assessments that inform the European Commission and other EU member states to formulate legislation to protect animals. This has primarily meant animals produced for food, but the mandate has broadened out to include equine welfare in general. We begin with Michaela describing what they will be considering under these new mandates. Some of the practices that are currently done to horses are horrific. I was not aware, for example, of the blood farms. But this conversation is not intended to shock or depress you. Even when we move on to consider the video that sparked this conversation we are focusing on solutions and the role each of us can play in moving the horse community as a whole forward towards more horse-friendly training.

In this Policy Triangle, supported by Humane Society International/Europe, we delve into the state of farm animal welfare in the EU.The European Commission proposed an overhaul of EU rules for protecting animals in transport and introduced new regulations on the welfare and traceability of dogs and cats in December 2023. However, the rules regarding the welfare of farm animals have not been updated in over 20 years.We're thrilled to host three experts and hear their thoughts on this topic: Frank Verdonck from the European Food Safety Authority, Ana Granados Chapatte from the European Forum of Farm Animal Breeders, and Dr Joanna Swabe from Humane Society International/Europe.

I forgot to mention this in the episode, so bonus fact: mad honey poisoning can theoretically be fatal, but no one has actually died from it since the 1800s. These days, we have treatments for severe poisonings, one of which is actually atropine! Music by James Milor from Pixabay Information provided by: https://theapiarist.org/mad-honey/ https://www.atlasobscura.com/foods/mad-honey-red-hallucinogen Risks for human health related to the presence of grayanotoxins in certain honey by the European Food Safety Authority (2023) https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7866 Grayanotoxin poisoning: ‘Mad honey disease' and beyond by Suze A. Jansen et al. (2012) https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12012-012-9162-2 https://bigthink.com/health/mad-honey/ https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/hidden-poison-rhododendron-nectar Mad honey: uses, intoxicating/poisoning effects, diagnosis, and treatment by Sana Ullah et al. (2018) https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fc8ra01924j https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_honey https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhododendron

Spermidine: Reversing Gray Hair and Promoting Longevity Click Here for a FREE 15 min Zoom Consultation With Brad: Leslie Kenny - Oxford Healthspan Greying Hair YouTube Oxford Website With 15% Off Coupon In this podcast episode of "Over 40 Fitness Hacks," host Brad Williams interviews Leslie Kenny from Oxford Healthspan to discuss spermidine and its potential to reverse gray hair. Brad, a personal trainer with over 14 years of experience, shares his own experience with hair loss and his interest in exploring solutions beyond conventional methods like finasteride. Leslie explains the hair life cycle and how low spermidine levels, particularly after infections or during breastfeeding, can lead to hair shedding. She highlights the importance of spermidine in hair health and how aging and antibiotic use can affect its production in the body. Leslie mentions promising results from clients using spermidine supplements, even in individuals over 90 years old with baldness. She emphasizes that while spermidine supplementation can help with hair growth, it may not fully restore hair in completely bald areas. The conversation shifts to dosage, with Leslie recommending a daily dose of 1 milligram, as per European Food Safety Authority guidelines. She cautions against excessive doses of synthetic spermidine, citing potential negative effects observed in studies. Leslie also discusses the absorbability of spermidine supplements and the importance of quality over quantity. In closing, Leslie provides information on where to find spermidine supplements and invites listeners to explore more resources on her YouTube channel and Instagram accounts. She also mentions her involvement in the Oxford Longevity Project, aimed at accelerating the translation of scientific breakthroughs in longevity to practical applications. Brad expresses gratitude for the insightful discussion, and the episode concludes with a promise to include relevant links in the show notes for listeners' convenience. If you're interested in online personal training or being a guest on my podcast, "Over 40 Fitness Hacks," you can reach me at brad@over40fitnesshacks.com or visit my website at: www.Over40FitnessHacks.com Additionally, check out my Yelp reviews for my local business, Evolve Gym in Huntington Beach, at https://bit.ly/3GCKRzV

We're beginning a three part series with Dr Michaela Hempen. The overall topic explores the question: What is the “Mind?” And how is that relevant to assessing animal welfare? This conversation grew out of our previous discussion with Dr Joe Layng on public and private events. I suggest you listen to those episodes as an introduction to this discussion. Why are these philosophical discussions relevant to horse training? Michaela begins with a historical perspective. What are the cultural influences that have shaped our attitude towards animals? Why do we have this cultural bias that has created a hierarchy of animals? Primates are high on the evolutionary scale, other animals are lower, and non-vertebrates are lower still. How does this influence our training and management choices? Michaela is a scientific officer at the European Food Safety Authority. Part of her work focuses on animal welfare. She's part of a team that is preparing reports for the European Commission, which, hopefully, will be the basis for updating the European animal welfare regulations. To prepare for this project Michaela did considerable background reading. She wanted to understand the “great divide”. This refers to a philosophical split between behaviorism and cognitive ethology. So join us as Michaela guides us through a historical look back on the evolution of these very different ways of viewing behavior. For a list of references visit Equiosity.com and refer to the show notes for this episode.

Recent initial public offerings (IPOs) from food companies such as Cava Group and BranchOut Food might give the impression of a reawakening IPO market after a seemingly quiet year. In this episode of the Xtalks Food Podcast, Sydney talks about three food companies that have already gone public this year, including Cava Group, BranchOut Foods and Instacart. First, the Mediterranean fast casual chain Cava Group achieved a notable $4.7 billion valuation after a successful market introduction on June 15. Second, BranchOut Food Inc., a budding natural food brand with a proprietary technology for producing and marketing dehydrated plant-based foods, finalized its IPO in June. Lastly, in its Nasdaq introduction earlier this week, Instacart made a notable entrance, initiating trading at roughly 40 percent above its IPO price, nudging its market cap to approximately $11.1 billion. The team discusses the diversity of these food companies and wonders about the risks and rewards of going public versus staying private.Also in this episode, Sydney talks about whether canola oil is banned in Europe since there's been a flurry of questions circulating about the topic. While Europe has not completely prohibited canola oil, it has certainly placed the oil under a microscope, enacting stricter regulations around the sale of oils and fats, which impacts how canola oil is viewed and sold. Sydney discusses canola oil's origins as well as rumors of a European canola oil ban. The word on the street was that the European Union (EU) had labeled canola oil as “toxic” and “carcinogenic” due to its allegedly hazardous fatty acid content. The EU's heightened scrutiny of canola oil is largely due to concerns about its erucic acid content. Research has shown the potentially detrimental effects of erucic acid, including possible heart damage. So, while it isn't outright banned, it's closely monitored due to concerns around its erucic acid content. The team is surprised to hear about the potential negative side effects of canola oil and praises the EU for being a leader in food safety.Read the full article here:Food IPOs in 2023: Cava Group, BranchOut Food and OthersIs Canola Oil Banned in Europe? Unraveling the TruthFor more food and beverage industry content, visit the Xtalks Vitals homepage.Follow Us on Social Media Twitter: @XtalksFood Instagram: @Xtalks Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Xtalks.Webinars/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/xtalks-webconferences YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/XtalksWebinars/featured

The European Food Safety Authority determines ‘no critical areas of concern' for glyphosate; The USDA announces $300 Million to fund a draft Federal Strategy to improve greenhouse gas measurement and carbon sequestration; The EPA plans to amend its January 2023 final WOTUS rule by September 1, 2023, to implement the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Sackett.    Hosted by Josh Narey, Research Assistant—With Brook Duer, Staff Attorney—Produced by Josh Narey, Written by Brook Duer Penn State Center for Agricultural and Shale Law https://aglaw.psu.edu/ Follow us on Twitter: @AgShaleLaw Like us on Facebook: Penn State Center for Agricultural and Shale Law This material is based upon work supported by the National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Mike Stone and Dr. Carl Seger, to discuss one of the most controversial topics in the food industry: glyphosate.   Glyphosate is the active ingredient in many weed killers and is also used as a pesticide in agriculture. It has become a hot-button issue in recent years due to concerns about its potential impact on human health.   In this episode, Dr. Stone and Dr. Seger dive into the potential health implications of glyphosate exposure and the conflicting research surrounding its safety. They'll explain what glyphosate is, where it is commonly found, and practical tips on how to avoid glyphosate exposure.   Episode References: International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2015). IARC Monographs Volume 112: evaluation of five organophosphate insecticides and herbicides. https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/MonographVolume112-1.pdf US Environmental Protection Agency. (2020). Glyphosate. https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate European Food Safety Authority. (2015). Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment for the active substance glyphosate. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4302 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (2021). Glyphosate. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/glyphosate/index.cfm US Environmental Protection Agency. (2020). Glyphosate. https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (2021). Glyphosate. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/glyphosate/index.cfm US Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Questions and Answers on Glyphosate. https://www.fda.gov/food/pesticides/questions-and-answers-glyphosate Parvez S, Gerona RR, Proctor C, et al. Glyphosate exposure in pregnancy and shortened gestational length: a prospective Indiana birth cohort study. Environmental Health. 2018;17(1):23. Shelton JF, Geraghty EM, Tancredi DJ, et al. Neurodevelopmental disorders and prenatal residential proximity to agricultural pesticides: the CHARGE study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2014;122(10):1103-1109. US Environmental Protection Agency. Glyphosate Issue Paper: Evaluation of Carcinogenic Potential. 2016. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-09/documents/glyphosate_issue_paper_evaluation_of_carcinogenic_potential.pdf de Cock M, Maas YG, van de Bor M. Does perinatal exposure to endocrine disruptors induce autism spectrum and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders? Review. Acta Paediatrica. 2012;101(8):811-818. Parvez S, Gerona RR, Proctor C, et al. Glyphosate exposure in pregnancy and shortened gestational length: a prospective Indiana birth cohort study. Environmental Health. 2018;17(1):23. Shelton JF, Geraghty EM, Tancredi DJ, et al. Neurodevelopmental disorders and prenatal residential proximity to agricultural pesticides: the CHARGE study. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2014;122(10):1103-1109. US Environmental Protection Agency. Glyphosate Issue Paper: Evaluation of Carcinogenic Potential. 2016. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-09/documents/glyphosate_issue_paper_evaluation_of_carcinogenic_potential.pdf Cao, C., Wang, X., & Li, J. (2018). Glyphosate residues in breakfast food: a potential health risk to children. Environmental Pollution, 233, 446-454. Li, Z., Li, Q., Du, J., & Zhang, L. (2019). Glyphosate residues and glyphosate-resistant crop interactions with soils and microbes. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(21), 21799-21808. US Environmental Protection Agency. (2020). Glyphosate. https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate US Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Questions and Answers on Glyphosate. https://www.fda.gov/food/pesticides/questions-and-answers-glyphosate

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has added sesame to its list of major allergens, making it easier for people with sesame allergies to safely consume packaged food without fear of an allergic reaction. In this episode of the Xtalks Food Podcast, Sydney talks about the newly listed allergen and the labeling requirements that come with it. While the requirement that sesame be listed as an allergen came into effect at the start of 2023, consumers may still find food products for sale that don't list it on the label since they were produced prior to January 1st. Identifying which foods contain sesame is an important step in food safety and health care as an estimated 0.2 percent of children and adults in the US are allergic to sesame. The team wonders why it took nearly 20 years for sesame to be added to the FDA's list of major allergens and how it will impact food products that aren't packaged as well as food at restaurants. Also in this episode, Sydney talks about the recent approval of house crickets in food products in the European Union (EU). The newly approved regulation will allow food producers to introduce the partially defatted dry powder of the house cricket into the EU food market.The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) also approved the powder production process, which includes a 24-hour fasting period for the insects before they are frozen, washed, thermally processed, have their oil extracted and, finally transformed into dried-up powder. Food containing house cricket products will require appropriate labels since some researchers believe that these insects could cause allergic reactions in consumers allergic to crustaceans, dust mites and mollusks. The team discusses consumer willingness to try food products that contain house crickets and wonders whether vegetarians and vegans would eat insect-containing products.Read the full article here:Sesame Allergies Cause FDA to List Sesame as the 9th Major AllergenEU Approves Use of House Crickets in Food ProductsFor more food and beverage industry content, visit the Xtalks Vitals homepage.Follow Us on Social Media Twitter: @XtalksFoodInstagram: @XtalksFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/Xtalks.Webinars/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/xtalks-webconferencesYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/XtalksWebinars/featured

Did you know that many food additives allowed in the U.S. have been banned in the EU?  Join Food Sleuth Radio host and Registered Dietitian, Melinda Hemmelgarn, for her interview with Thomas Galligan, Ph.D., Principal Scientist for Food Additives and Supplements at the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). Galligan explains that more than 1800 brand name food products contain titanium dioxide, yet in 2021, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that the cosmetic additive is no longer safe in foods.  Galligan describes CSPI's “Chemical Cuisine Guide,” which ranks food additives from “safe” to “avoid.”Related website:  https://www.cspinet.org/page/chemical-cuisine-ratings 

In recent years, with a look to creating a healthier and more sustainable diet, plant-based alternatives such as dairy and meat substitutes have been developed in order to reduce the consumption of animal-based foods. As these plant-based alternatives continue to develop and expand within the market, the question arises: 'what do we know about the mycotoxin-related health impacts of shifting to a plant-based diet?'  We are joined by Professor Chiara Dall'Asta to discuss a study that was recently published in the Journal of Exposure and Health, which assessed this topic. Professor Dall'Asta is currently an associate professor of food chemistry at the Department of Food Science at the University of Parma in Italy and is a well-known and highly respected researcher in the area of mycotoxins. In addition to her research activities, she is also an expert member of several working groups of the European Food Safety Authority.  

Should you wash fruit even if you don't eat the peel? Would you dare try cricket based hamburgers? Do you trust the food you eat? If you would like to learn more about the science behind safe food, welcome to Science on the Menu, a podcast produced by EFSA, the European Food Safety Authority.

Today ECDC has a special episode on the recent salmonella outbreak linked to chocolate products in Europe. Principle Expert in Food and Waterborne Diseases, Johanna Takkinen, speaks to us about what salmonella is, where it comes from, how it can spread, and what symptoms to look for. You can find ECDC's Epidemoloigical Update related to salmonella (with links to national food safety authorities) here, and you can read ECDC's Rapid Outbreak Assessment here. You can find additional information from the European Food Safety Authority. For more news and information please visit ecdc.europa.eu or follow us on social media.

Even chocolate companies and wineries need toxicologists. Alexandria G. Lau, ToxStrategies Inc., has worked for both and shares her experiences with co-hosts Anne Chappelle and David Faulkner. They also discuss the research and development that goes into new food products and how toxicologists play a role in food safety.About the GuestAlexandria G. Lau, PhD, DABT, ToxStrategies Inc., is a toxicologist with a decade of experience in the food and beverage industry. She has extensive knowledge of global regulations related to consumer products, including pesticides (US Environmental Protection Agency), food and packaging (US Food and Drug Administration, European Food Safety Authority), and alcoholic beverages (Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau).  Working for a prominent vineyard/winery, Dr. Lau managed the company's global quality and food safety efforts, decreasing pesticide use and overseeing growers and vintners to ensure global regulatory compliance and supply chain flexibility. For a major food product manufacturer, she managed a large portfolio of products and food safety initiatives, developing and maintaining global policies, standards, and programs for everything from contaminant/allergen management to labeling and stakeholder communication. Dr. Lau also served at a senior level for a global manufacturer of consumer products, working in safety assessment and regulatory toxicology to support development of pest control products, ensuring regulatory compliance that included California Proposition 65. Dr. Lau earned her PhD in toxicology and pharmacology from the University of Arizona, Tucson. She maintains a current and robust body of expertise through frequent continuing education and participation in professional associations and scientific conferences. She is often an invited speaker for association and industry events, and she has published extensively in the scientific literature. She also serves as an invited reviewer for the journals Toxicology Research and Application and Toxicological Sciences.

Find out the cause of the toxic air shutting parts of New Delhi, hear a special report from the Cape Canaveral space launch, find out how Sikhs celebrate Guru Nanak Jyanti and why locusts become the second insect on the EU's “novel food” list 

Hargol and Enorm, two companies making delectable insect treats for you, plus the European Food Safety Authority declares locusts safe to eat. Circular Charlotte, NC: turning waste Into gold.

Recently, the European Food Safety Authority concluded that Titanium Dioxide, which is a whitening agent found in cake frosting, gums, and an unbelieveable amount of other foods - is unsafe to ingest. That's scary in itself, but it turns out, we're applying Titanium Dioxide to our skin as well. To help us unpack this, we welcome back Dr. Sudhir Shah, founder of OM Botanicals. Listen to Dr. Shah's first appearance on Quacks and Hypochondriacs, The Skinny on Skincare. Visit our sponsor, BetrHealth.com, a gut healthy, effortless, food-as-medicine approach to whole person health . Try BetrHealth risk free at https://betrhealth.com/risk-free-trial/. Quacks and Hypochondriacs is hosted by Dr. Bill Ferro and Erin O'Hearn, and is produced by Earfluence.

Will titanium dioxide soon be eliminated from thousands of foods in the EU? In this episode of the Xtalks Food Podcast, Sydney discusses the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) review of titanium dioxide, a food additive found in ultra-processed and sugary foods. The team discusses the potential harms of titanium dioxide, safer alternatives and whether the EFSA's review will encourage the FDA to re-evaluate the additive. Also in this episode, Mira talks about Soft Robotics' $10 million investment in SoftAI, a patented technology that uses 3D vision, soft grasping and artificial intelligence to give industrial robots the hand-eye coordination of humans. The team learns how SoftAI allows automation of bulk picking processes and discusses whether more technology will help or hurt the food supply chain. Read the full articles here: Why Titanium Dioxide in Food is Under Review by the EFSASoft Robotics to Use $10 Million in Funding to Apply “Octopus-Like” AI Technology to Food Supply ChainFor more food and beverage industry content, visit the Xtalks Vitals homepage.Follow Us on Social Media Twitter: @XtalksFood Instagram: @Xtalks Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Xtalks.Webinars/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/xtalks-webconferences YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/XtalksWebinars/featured

In this episode, Anna Jordan meets Lady Chanelle McCoy – entrepreneur and former Dragon on Dragon's Den Ireland. We talk about her time on the show and the barriers to growth for the CBD industry. You can also visit smallbusiness.co.uk for more podcasts featuring Dragon's from the UK version of Dragon's Den. Remember to like us on Facebook @SmallBusinessExperts and follow us on Twitter @smallbusinessuk, all lower case. Don't forget to check out the video version of this episode and subscribe over on our YouTube channel! Would you prefer to read Chanelle McCoy's podcast interview instead? Hello and welcome to Small Business Snippets, the podcast from SmallBusiness.co.uk. I'm your host, Anna Jordan. Today we have Lady Chanelle McCoy, entrepreneur and former Dragon on Dragon's Den Ireland. Born in Galway, she co-founded Chanelle Medical, part of Chanelle Pharma, which was founded by her father. In 2015, Lady McCoy and business partner Caroline Glynn set up Chanelle McCoy Health, an R&D led pharmaceutical company. From that came cannabidiol (CBD) range, Pureis CBD. She was recently ranked no 23 in the ‘50 incredible people shaping modern Ireland'. She was awarded the All-Ireland Business Champion Award 2018 for her outstanding achievements in business leadership. We'll be talking about her time on Dragon's Den Ireland and the barriers to growth facing the CBD industry. Anna: Hi, Chanelle, how are you doing? Chanelle: Good. Anna, how are you? Thank you so much for having me. I'm very excited about our chat. Anna:Oh, of course, of course. So, listeners and viewers might not recognise you straight away. But they might have seen you before on the Irish version of Dragon's Den. Chanelle: Yeah, that's right. I'm Irish, home grown – from the west of Ireland. I've spent over 25 years in the pharmaceutical industry. I'm very lucky to get the opportunity to do Dragon's Den, the Irish version. Dragon's Den is owned by Sony Music, and they franchise that out to 27 countries around the world. When I did Dragon's Den, when I started the first year, Ireland was the first country to have three female dragons and two male dragons. It was a fantastic experience to do it. I definitely made a few investments. Yeah, so it was great. Smashing. So, based on your time in there, what would you say are the biggest differences between the Irish version and the UK version? I've only seen a few clips of the Irish version, but for want of a better word, it seems nicer – less cut-throat, I suppose.  Chanelle: I mean, maybe that's more of a cultural thing as us Irish are quite warm and friendly, maybe. But no, I think that the fact that Sony Music are the owners, and it's a franchise, that the setting was very much the same, was very like this, the way we sit, and the seats and, and the whole kind of procedure of it as well. It is your own money that you're investing, that you have to bring that to the table, even though the cash sitting beside you is actually not real. We would record about seven pitches in a day. So you literally would have one after another, some of the pitches would go on for about an hour and a half, even though you only see maybe 15-20 minutes on the TV when it's edited down. The reality is you get no prior warning or visibility of the pitch that's coming into the den. So you're in between all this, like when the seven pitches are going on, in between that you leave the room, you go back backstage kind of thing. You wait until the room is set up, you come back onto your chair, the product is hidden, you've got no phone, you can't Google anything. And it's literally when that entrepreneur walks out of the lift that you get to know about the products. So, that's why the pitches would go on for more like an hour and a half, because this is your money you're investing, and you have to make a decision right there and then, whether you're going to invest or not. I mean, obviously maybe some people feel Ireland, the Irish was a bit tamer than England, but there were certainly a few of the pitches that we gave them a hard time with! The fact that it's every pitch is brand new to you. Why do you think that is? Is it more of like a production thing and gets an authentic reaction from you? Chanelle: I think it's twofold. I think that the entrepreneur coming in there pitching, knows that they've got this really short window to sell their story and their business to you. Those entrepreneurs coming in, most of them really need that investment to survive, and if they don't get it, their company will close, they're running out of cash, so there's from their side of the fence, they know that we have had no prior knowledge of their of their company. So they've got to pitch really well, from our side as well. That's the whole thrill of Dragon's Den is that it's instinctive, you have to make a decision right there and then, so that builds to the excitement I'm kind of the drama of it or the appeal of it. Absolutely. I'd like to talk a bit more about your time in the pharmaceutical industry, because it's certainly been a year for pharmaceuticals, for CBD and for the wellness industry as well. And there's so much to unpick with that. Starting off with CBD, the market has grown exponentially, it absolutely exploded, and it's becoming more popular with consumers. But there are still barriers to growth. Say for example, search engines, in my understanding, are reluctant to rank products with CBD and anything related. Tell us more about the barriers to growth in that particular market. Chanelle: If we look at where we've come in the last six years. Today, the CBD food supplement market in the UK is valued at £450m. Now to put that into context, what does that mean – is that big, is that small? If you look at vitamin C in the UK today, that's £115m. Vitamin D today is £145m so CBD today and we have eight million people that take CBD today in the UK. CBD today at £450m totally eclipses vitamin C and vitamin D together. But the exciting thing is that £450m figure will grow to £1bn in the next three years. We are delighted that our product, it's called Pureis CBD, and we're on the market over a year now in the UK and we're in over 1000 retailers. We're the first CBD food supplement company to command the UK market that's backed by clinical studies. And we invested over a number of years, we invested over £1.5m in extensive safety clinical studies, because that is the requirement by the UK Food Standards Agency, the European Food Safety Authority, because they say CBD is a new molecule in your body. We didn't take it prior to 1997, they want all these safety studies done. So, we just embarked on, while adhering to the legislation. We are the first CBD food supplement company in the world to use FDA-registered raw material. And that might not mean a lot to the consumer walking in off the street, but it means a lot to the pharmacists and the doctors. Because the FDA are the strictest food and medicine sheriffs in the world. It was great that we worked with our raw material supplier, and we were able to get that certification on our raw material. What's happened in the CBD industry this week [week commencing April 19, 2021], which has been incredibly interesting to watch it evolve. The Food Standards Agency, which are basically the governing body that look after the safety of food supplements, they set a deadline for the CBD industry this week that any CBD food supplements that wants to stay on the market has got to submit a dossier into the Food Standards Agency with a full suite of clinical safety studies. And if you do that, you are allowed to remain on the market. If you don't do that, you will be pulled off the market. And the Food Standards Agency this week published a list of the companies that are allowed remain on the market. There are only three brands on that list, and we are the first brand on that list. We are officially in full assessment with the Food Standards Agency, we're on that list, which is very exciting. Anna: How many were there to begin with? Chanelle: About 800. What will happen, as the weeks go on, there will be more companies added to that list. But if you're not on the list by June, you're off the market. But this is a very positive move. The UK Government trying to bring what is an unregulated CBD market into a regulated market, because this is all about consumer safety at the end of the day. And the issue with CBD is there are a lot of rogue traders and cowboys out there. That was validated by a paper that was published last year where a number of professors got together, they tested over 30 products that are on the market. The alarming results of that paper is that 55 per cent of products on the market today have illegal levels of THC. And THC is a psychoactive addictive part of the cannabis plant that you don't want in a food supplement. It's fine in the medicine space when it's released by a doctor. And also, of those products, 34 per cent of them have lower levels of CBD than advertised on the label. There's a huge issue with misleading the consumer and this is why the legislation has come in, because they want to clean up the market. So what you'll see over the next few months is you will see a lot of CBD brands will be pulled off the market, the market will consolidate and what will be left on the market will be very safe products that are backed by clinical studies. This will help demystify CBD and give us the really good reputation that it should have because it is not psychoactive, you do not get a high from CBD. CBD is not addictive. It's just got all the good healing properties. So that's in terms of a kind the market and where we are and how it's going to grow and with the legislation. What is really hampering the CBD industry at the moment and is really going to affect the potential growth and job opportunities in the UK, is we still have banks, financial services and payment gateways that will not trade with CBD companies. They treat us like we're in the porn industry, they treat us like we're illegal, so we can't open a bank account in the UK. We're dealing with lots of payment providers like Stripe, the two Irish boys, we tell them all about our clinical studies, we are fully ethical, we are now on the approved Government list. Computer says no, they will not support our business. You then go to the likes of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and you say well, we want to do some digital advertising and we want to run social media campaigns with our products. We have clinical studies here, we are very ethical. Again, computer says no, we don't deal with CBD companies. I think these types of institutions and these companies really need to wake up. They need to take their blinkers off and they need to think, ‘Okay, let's assess each CBD company as they approach us. Why don't we trade with those companies that are on the Food Standard Agency ‘Publish' list, because we know that they are ethical, they're safe. They've done their studies.' The London Stock Exchange has floated three companies recently, three CBD companies, one of them is the one that David Beckham's involved in. If the LSE is engaging and trading with CBD companies, well why won't other companies? What is the critical issue now is the Home Office. Okay, so the Home Office in the UK is the Government arm that is responsible for policing narcotics and drugs here – and what's been imported. Our raw material is manufactured in the United States. As I said, it's FDA registered, so it's really high quality. We are synthetically derived, so we are not taken from the plant. We have mimicked the DNA the plant, so it is not possible to have any THC in our products because we are synthetic. And the Home Office have said to us – now, this is not us, this is with every CBD company: No, you are not allowed to import your raw material into the UK. And because we bring our raw material into the UK, and then we get our products manufactured, our finished product manufactured in the UK. They say no, because your product might have THC. So we went to four labs that the Home Office use, these are independent Government approved laboratories, we got our raw material tested, we gave them the certificates, plus all our data from the FDA and said, ‘We don't have THC. We're synthetic, it's not possible.' And again, they're like, ‘Computer says no, sorry.'  What's going to happen now is you're going to see a lot of people like us leaving the UK. We get our product manufactured in the UK, we had planned with the manufacturing company we work with, that they were going to create 70 more jobs between now and the end of the year, because now we are launching a lot of different markets outside Europe and Ukraine and Russia and China. And we need lots of product manufactured. Those 70 jobs now will not be created in the UK because we've got to go to Germany and Ireland to set up, to find a new manufacturing partner and set up our production there. That's happening now, right through the CBD industry, where there will be huge job losses. They are totally suffocating the growth of what will be a huge market – not just for food supplements, but for the pharmaceutical industry as well. So, you spoke a bit earlier about the difficulties and the resistance to the CBD market, especially in the UK. Of course, we all know that, especially since the transition period ended Brexit has caused some troubles as well, it'll be great to hear from somebody who is a major trading partner of the UK. So as a business based in Ireland, how has your trading relationship with the UK been affected by Brexit? Chanelle: I mean, it's very difficult now. And we are trading both ways, we are registered as an Irish company. And we are now registered as an English company. We get our manufacturing done in the UK of our finished product. But now, because of Brexit, we will look to have a second manufacturing site as well set up. Because when we hopefully get our European license receipt for our products, for Pureis, we will have a lot of challenges having the product manufactured in the UK, and then shipping it to the likes of Germany and France, because customs, tariffs, duty, is crippling.  When we contact that customs and it's like, ‘Well look, you can get your customer to pay it, and then your customer in Germany can claim it back.' It is it is annoying for a customer to have to do that. And if they have an alternative to trade with somebody that's in a European country over you, they will do that, because they don't have that administration hassle when they're dealing with somebody else. It is very unfortunate that there is not a better trade deal between the UK and Europe. Also then bringing product in from Ireland into the UK, is very difficult. So what it has forced companies like myself to do is that when you're trading in Europe, you need to have a base in Europe. You need to move your manufacturing from the UK and position it in Europe, that is really the only way. When you're trading in the UK, what you need to do is set up a manufacturing facility in the UK to service your UK customers. That is a pity, because it has incurred a lot of costs for us we're trying to set up work with new partners, qualify them as a manufacturer for our product in Europe and also what it does is we now, for our European customers, we are now taking all our production out of the UK and basing it in Europe. The UK have lost out a lot. But no matter what way you look at it, upside down, inside out, that is really the only way because at the end of the day, this is about servicing your customer. It's about being easy to deal with in the eyes of your customer. And it's about not incurring costs in terms of extra customs and duty and taxes and all of that. So that's really the way we've navigated it, but I think if the UK had the chance again to vote to leave Europe, I certainly don't think they would. I've spoken to so many UK entrepreneurs, Irish entrepreneurs and our leaders, and they tell you that. Anna: So it wouldn't be the case where the UK is a significant enough market where the costs would be worth it on balance. Chanelle: I mean, what it just means now is that, if you want to trade with the UK, you want to supply product into the UK, you're better off to source it within the UK. And the UK might think, well, that's a good thing, because we're bringing more employment and more opportunity into the UK, because we're forcing people to set up to partner with manufacturers in the UK. But actually, your loss is much bigger, because Europe is much bigger geographically. And what you're missing out on, is companies like me, who want to service 28 countries in Europe, from a manufacturing facility in the UK, and we can't do it. We've spoken a little bit about your husband, AP McCoy. I noticed that in quite a lot of the bios and the introductions I read about yourself, that he's mentioned within that bio and is quite a significant part of it. And I wondered how that affects you. As you're a self-named brand, do you feel that your husband's presence and career kind of helps boost it? Or do you feel that you can't exist in your own right? Chanelle: I'm incredibly proud of AP and to go through his career, and to be the most successful winning jockey, and to be champion jockey for 20 years, and winning the BBC Sports Personality of the Year and be knighted by the Queen – it's a great legacy. It's a great achievement within what he has done. And he's been incredibly impactful to me. As I went along in my career, I was lucky – I met him when I was 19. I'm 44 now. We've done this journey together, where I've worked for my family business, while he was scaling the heights in his career. I suppose it was a great outlet for me, because, I had to work really hard, it wasn't like that I kind of floated through my job and I dipped out to go racing every week, it wasn't that case. I was very mindful of the fact that during that period, in our 20s and early 30s, that it was all about AP. Every time I went to the races, or you're out to dinner with people, everybody wants to talk about him. And that's okay, because it's incredibly dangerous what he does, it's very interesting when you get under the hood of like, the diet and the people he rides for, and all of that. I was very happy to go along, for like, 15-20 years, where people would always ask me about him. But I think, what was really where I benefited hugely, and it goes back to the environment you live in, you work in. His dedication, his will to win, his absolute resilience, definitely rubbed off on me and shaped my culture, shaped my values. He motivated me. That's why in the workplace, it's so important, as a leader, as a manager, that you are creating this environment, where you are inspiring, you're positive, you're giving people that self-belief because your behaviour as a leader totally rubs off on the people around you, and will become their behaviour – they will emulate that. He was a fantastic source of inspiration for me, because his behaviour kind of became my behaviour in the end. It was only really, when he stopped riding in 2015 and I started to do Dragon's Den, that people used to say to me, ‘You're on Dragon's Den, Chanelle? I mean, I didn't even know you had a job. I've seen you for years at the races.' And I'm like, ‘Yeah, yeah. I'm in pharmaceuticals, have been in here for 15 years.' So suddenly people started to say to me, ‘Oh, you're not just AP's wife then?' ‘No, no – I'm a human in my own right.'   As AP said to me, ‘Chanelle, it's your time to shine'. I've been in his shadow, very happily in his shadow and supporting him, so he's incredibly supportive when I did Dragon's Den, and now with my own business, and trailblazing in the CBD industry, because we're the first with our clinical studies. We're the first to get on this list, the Government list that was published this week. He's very supportive and very proud. He's been a massive help to me over the years and has definitely been the driving force. Anna: Well, that seems like a good place to wrap up. Thank you ever so much for coming on the podcast, Chanelle – it's been wonderful. Chanelle: Brilliant. Thanks for having me, Anna. It was really enjoyable. You can find out more about Lady Chanelle McCoy at chanellemccoyhealth.com. You can also visit smallbusiness.co.uk for more podcasts featuring Dragons from the UK version of Dragon's Den. Remember to like us on Facebook @SmallBusinessExperts, follow us on Twitter @smallbusinessuk (all lowercase) and subscribe to our YouTube channel, linked in the description. Until next time, thank you for listening.

For this week's Feature Discussion, please join author Marco Vinceti and Associate Editor Wanpen Vongpatanasin as they discuss the article "Blood Pressure Effects of Sodium Reduction: Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies." TRANSCRIPT BELOW: Dr. Carolyn Lam: Welcome to Circulation on the Run, your weekly podcast summary and backstage pass to the journal and its editors. We're your co-hosts. I'm Dr. Carolyn Lam, Associate Editor from the National Heart Center and Duke National University of Singapore. Dr. Greg Hundley: I'm Dr. Greg Hundley, co-host and Associates Editor, Director of the Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, Virginia, VCU Health Dr. Carolyn Lam: Dr. Greg, today's feature paper, super, super exciting. Everyone has to listen to it because it's about blood pressure and sodium intake. But you think you've heard it all? You haven't. You have to listen to this feature discussion, and I'm sure you'll learn a lot, just like I did. Seriously. But before that you got your copy, I got mine. Let me tell you all about microRNA. Shall I? Dr. Greg Hundley: Absolutely. Dr. Carolyn Lam: MicroRNA, we know, have a remarkable influence on the physiology of the heart and the remodeling of diseased hearts through canonical RNA interference mechanisms. Now, the authors of today's paper, co-corresponding authors, Dr. Fu and Deschênes from Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, investigated if microRNA one or mir-1 specifically binds with cardiac plasma membrane proteins, and they revealed an evolutionarily-conserved direct binding between this mir-1 and an inward rectifier potassium channel called cure 2.1. Now, this is endogenously existing in cardiomyocytes. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Now, the authors then used inside out and wholesale patch clamp recordings to show the biophysical modulation of cardiac electrophysiology by mir-1. They further studied the mechanism of this physical interaction and investigated its pathophysiologic relevance by using mir-1 deficient transgenic mice. In total, their study demonstrated a novel mechanism of microRNA ion channel biophysical modulation that regulates cardiac arrhythmia risk. Dr. Greg Hundley: Wow, Carolyn really sophisticated work involving the pathophysiology of some of these arrhythmias. What are the take home message? Dr. Carolyn Lam: Ah, I'm glad you asked. Let me circle back to what I said earlier. Cardiac electrophysiology is regulated by microRNAs. We knew about the canonical RNA interference mechanisms, but that needs hours to days to regulate gene expression. But now we have the newly discovered biophysical mechanism that quickly, and that is within seconds or minutes, modulates the function of the ion channels. These microRNAs could prevent or trigger arrhythmias through biophysical modulation of the ion channels, even before its RNA interference regulation of protein expression occurs in diseased hearts. Dr. Greg Hundley: Wow, Carolyn. Really interesting new basic science. Such an asset for our journal. Well, I'm going to switch and talk a little bit about really, really high coronary artery calcium scores, something that sometimes we see. The work comes from Dr. Michael Blaha from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland. Carolyn, as you know, there are limited data on the unique cardiovascular disease and non-cardiovascular disease and mortality risk of primary prevention individuals with very high coronary artery calcium scores. What do we mean by very high? These are scores greater than or equal to a thousand. That's especially true in comparison to rates observed in secondary prevention populations. In this study, the investigators compared the hazard ratios for coronary artery calcium scores greater than a thousand in comparison with calcium scores of zero, those from 400 to 999, and they looked at this for those with cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular disease, and also evaluated mortality outcomes. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Oh, wow. That's interesting and those are very high coronary artery calcium score. What did they find? Dr. Greg Hundley: Thanks, Carolyn. After full adjustment, coronary artery calcium scores greater than or equal to a thousand demonstrated a 4.7 to a seven and a half increase in the hazard ratio for outcomes compared to individuals with calcium scores of zero, a 1.6 to 1.3 four-fold increase compared to those with calcium scores in the 400 to 999 range. Carolyn, with increasing coronary artery calcium scores, the hazard ratios increased for all event types with no apparent upper coronary artery calcium threshold. For example, a coronary artery calcium of a thousand correspond to an annualized 3-point MACE rate of 3.4 per a hundred person years and that's similar to that of a for EA population of 3.3 and higher than lower risk for EA subgroups. Dr. Greg Hundley: Carolyn, these results raise the thought that as we're thinking and putting together future guideline statements, should we consider a less distinct stratification algorithm between primary and secondary prevention patients for these very high coronary calcium scores? The high scores in the primary prevention group for this study really mirrored those four EA scores that you see in patients that are undergoing secondary prevention. They've already had a heart attack. Should we start thinking about for these very high scores, really aggressive preventive pharmacotherapy, just like we would in a patient that was undergoing secondary prevention? Dr. Carolyn Lam: I like that explanation. Thanks, Greg. Well, this next one really speaks to my favorite topic, sex differences in cardiovascular physiology and disease outcomes. Greg, here's the quiz question. Do you think progesterone receptors in cardiac cells play a role in determining the difference between you and me? Co-corresponding authors Dr. Porrello from Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Melbourne, Australia and Dr. Hudson from the Berghofer Medical Research Institute in Brisbane, Australia, and their colleagues, hey performed single nucleus RNA sequencing to capture transcriptional changes across multiple cardiac cell populations during the human heart development from fetal stages to adulthood. Their data revealed six specific transcriptional mechanisms governing maturation of multiple cell types in the heart, including a previously unrecognized role for the progesterone receptor in human cardiomyocyte maturation. These data really provide a blueprint for understanding human heart maturation in both sexes and reveal an important role for the progesterone receptor in human heart development. Dr. Greg Hundley: Oh, great, Carolyn. Very nice. Well, Carolyn, my next paper really involves an assessment of air pollution. As you know, many of the studies today have really focused on short-term exposures to air pollution. But this group headed by Dr. Yazdi at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health began to evaluate long-term or chronic exposure to air pollution. Carolyn, the study examined the relationship between the long-term exposure to find particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5. micrometers also from nitrogen dioxide and from ozone, and they evaluated all three of those relative to hospital admissions for four cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes: myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, the development of atrial fibrillation or flutter, and the development of pneumonia. They looked at this in the Medicare population within the United States. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Hmm, interesting. What did they find? Dr. Greg Hundley: Okay, Carolyn, so a couple things. First, long-term exposure to that fine particulate matter was associated with an increased risk of all outcomes with the highest effect seen for those that incurred a stroke. The findings translated to 2,536 cases of hospital admissions with ischemic stroke per year, which can be attributed to each one unit increase in fine particulate matter levels among the study population. Also, the nitrogen dioxide was associated with an increase in the risk of admission for stroke and atrial fibrillation. Then, the ozone was associated with an increase in the risk of an emission for a pneumonia. Dr. Greg Hundley: Carolyn, what this study showed, at lower concentrations, a chronic exposure, long over time of all these pollutants, were consistently associated with an increased risk for all of the study-related cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary studied outcomes. New important information regarding long-term as opposed to short-term exposure of these pollutants. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Yikes, yikes. Important to pay attention to. Thanks, Greg. Let me now go to the other articles in today's issue. There is a beautiful Perspective piece by Dr. Shah titled Transcatheter Closure of the Patent Foramen Ovale: Not Always an Open or Shut Case. There is a Research Letter by Dr. Davis on engrafted human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes undergoing clonal expansion in vivo. Dr. Greg Hundley: Great, Carolyn. I've got two publications to discuss. First, Dr. Ransom has an EKG challenge entitled Palpitations in the Clinic. Then, finally, our own editor in chief, Dr. Joe Hill has a wonderful in memoriam to Dr. Jim Willerson, a prior editor-in-chief of circulation, and really a guiding light for many of us in cardiovascular diseases for much of his life. Well, Carolyn, on that note, how about we now transfer to that feature discussion and learn a little bit more about sodium intake and high blood pressure. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Let's go, Greg. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Now, most of us would agree that dietary sodium has a role in the modulation of blood pressure levels. That we've agreed on. However, we still debate over the magnitude of the effect, who it applies to, and the importance of sodium-driven blood pressure changes for global disease burden. Well, today's feature paper does a lot to address many of the remaining questions that are revolving around sodium intake and blood pressure. I'm so pleased to have with us the corresponding author of the feature paper, Dr. Marco Vinceti from University of Modena and Reggio Emilia in Italy, as well as our associate editor, Dr. Wanpen Vongpatanasin from UT Southwestern. Welcome both. Marco, if I may and begin with you, please, could you tell us the inspiration for your study and what you did? Dr. Marco Vinceti: Thank you by the way, for inviting me and good morning to everybody. Our inspiration was being aware that as you already say, there may be an association, there is an association between sodium intake and blood pressure, but that maybe not all the details about such relation are being explored and carefully investigated, also for the lack of adequate statistical tools. Also, because we know that health endpoints and exposures, both dietary and environmental factors, I mean, may have a relation that is not linear, that is, just has some kind of different shape, U-shaped curve, J-shaped curve, and so on. Our thought was to investigate better this relation between sodium intake and blood pressure, even in a category of people which is wide. Also, there isn't such a large consensus about the relation; that is, people without high blood pressure and to shape that association using new statistical tools in non-linear fashion, if appropriate. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Very nice. Could you tell us what was special about your study design? Because it is true that the methodology you used was very unique and then perhaps the top line of what you found. Dr. Marco Vinceti: We took advantage of from a recent, let's say, discovery. I don't know if the term is correct, but we consider it like a discovery, of a colleague of ours at the Karolinska Institute of Stockholm. He is a statistician named Nicola Orsini. He published it in 2019. A new tool, a new approach, call it a one stage dose response meta-analysis that is able to shape the relation between exposures, in this case, sodium intake, and health endpoints or outcomes. We're talking here of continuous endpoint such as blood pressure. We can maybe talk about an outcome, almost outcome hypertension, even in the whole range of exposure from very low intake up to a high intake. Dr. Marco Vinceti: Until recently the only meta-analysis that you could perform was just comparing high versus low sodium intake across trials or observational studies. But in each trial, the high exposure category is different from another trial so you are comparing across trials categories that are not the same categories, are not corresponding each other. This is a major limitation. So far, there are no publication able to shape the entire range of exposure, the result of experimental studies. For experimental studies, I mean the gold standard in medical research, in human medicine that are randomized controlled trials. Dr. Carolyn Lam: I love that. That is really spot on, I think, of what makes your meta-analysis so important. Could you maybe then now tell us about the results? Dr. Marco Vinceti: Well, yes, the results, if I go back to one last detail about our statistical approach, if I can add, in addition to what I said before, we also wanted to use extensively what in 2016, the American Statistical Association just declare it, that to avoid the systematic use of p-values and statistical significant testing, just a black and white approach or something which is statistically significant or not statistically significant, and to shape the relation in a smooth, in a different way, looking graphically their religion and not having a dichotomous black and white approach, exactly as recommended by the American Statistical Association in it's very important statement in 2016. Dr. Marco Vinceti: About the results. I think that the main results were that the relation was, unfortunately, I will say linear. Because we were looking at non-linear association and that we tried in any way to find out if there was some kind of non-linearity in the association and I'm saving unfortunately only because we used a tool that is suitable to test a non-linear association. But we found evidence confirming here at previous meta-analysis and previous studies that say that there is a linear association between intake, that is exposure to sodium, and blood pressure. But this association also holds for people without hypertension, participant in these trials without high blood pressure. This put there that this consensus is not exactly well established all over the world; that there are investigators claiming that in people without hypertension, there is no relation, particularly for diastolic blood pressure and sodium intake. Our analysis showed, in my opinion clearly, that such association exists also, even if it is slightly weak, let's say in terms of strength compared with people with hypertension, with at least a high blood pressure. Dr. Marco Vinceti: There is an association for people with and without high blood pressure for diastolic and systolic blood pressure, and it exists across the entire range of usual exposure in the Western world. Because we were talking about mainly Western population. Most studies were carried out in Europe, in Australia and North America. The large majority or the 85 trials, which is the largest amount of trials ever analyzed in meta-analysis so far, were carried out in Western population. In those populations, the relation exists and is really detectable across the entire range of association even at very low intakes. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Wow, thank you. Thank you so, so much, Marco. So indeed a large, extremely well done meta-analysis, 85 trials, basically showing a positive and approximately linear association between dietary sodium consumption and blood pressure. Wow! Dr. Carolyn Lam: Wanpen, please. I mean, Marco is so just delightful in sort of saying that we'd look really hard for that J and U shape that everyone else talks about. We didn't find it, but that's exactly, I think, why we editors found this paper so, so important. Wanpen, I know you can express this better than me, so please. Dr. Wanpen Vongpatanasin: Sure. I agree. This is a very important study for the precision in comparing different levels of sodium intake and what it means for blood pressure. Also, I liked the paper that examine the different cutoffs that for example, the paper has a project in blood pressure that recommend by the American Heart at different levels of 1,500 milligrams a day was just the usual American diet about 3.5 grams a day, and in some subgroups even more. We can get pretty good idea and what it's translate into a blood pressure reduction. Dr. Wanpen Vongpatanasin: The thing that I particularly like is there's no threshold. I think that's fascinating and I think that's really important. The data, at least part of, I think, inertia in the public too, at least for me as a physician, I saw many remarks saying, "Oh, if it's part of the problem we had before, without these type of techniques, we usually give a general blanket. Sodium restriction, lower blood pressure by a few millimeters. Why do we even bother? But here you can see a dose response relationship without plateau. It really tells us that the more you eat, the more you're going to get into this kind of problem. I think this is really important and perhaps we'll push the certain population that address and consume a lot of salt to rethink about it. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Wanpen that was just really, really nicely put. I know that Marco was just nodding and appreciating as well. I know you had some questions from Marco too. Would you like to ask them? Dr. Wanpen Vongpatanasin: Yes. Based on the information from your study, would you give a recommendation a little bit differently, or how would you ... you've changed your view in terms of preexisting guidelines from European or from the United States? Dr. Marco Vinceti: I think that our results are really strengthening the most recent guidelines from both the U.S. and in Europe. I'm talking about the American Health Association guideline of limiting sodium intake below or at least at 1.5 gram per day, about the national recent sodium dietary allowance reference values of coming not beyond the 2.3 gram, and the European Food Safety Authority it's not just a recommendation, it's a risk assessment of indicating 2 gram per day the ideal intake of sodium. I would say the AHA was absolutely right in pointing out the opportunity to reduce to 1.5 gram and even lower, I would say. It's not a general assessment that we're one of the sodium and the Human Health Association. It's not a general risk assessment of sodium, but we know that hypertension, high blood pressure is a major, probably the major driver of all cardiovascular diseases. In our opinion, keeping this threshold, let's say, and even attempting to go below, we know how difficult it is in public health. That is absolutely correct. Dr. Carolyn Lam: I completely agree. That's the amazing public health message of this very important paper. As you said, it supports the guidelines, but it also suggests, I mean, should we just be saying, go as low as you can? We don't see a threshold so that's really, really fascinating. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Oh, may I ask maybe, cheekily, I recall, you mentioned Marco, that you had a lot of press about this paper and the publication and circulation. We would love to hear about that. Could you share with the viewers? Dr. Marco Vinceti: I can tell you that this is not to use or to ask, to be able to publish in such a top journal and you are not only the according to Web of Science, number one journal in the world in the cardiovascular community, let's say, but everybody. Even in the journal of medicine. I mean, I'm a public health physician, and anybody in my world, in Italy, and of course, not only Italy, I'm talking about my country, well knows this journal and what is publishing in such a journal is like some kind of an endorsement of what you are telling. Dr. Marco Vinceti: We received a lot of attention not only in my medical school, in my university, but also for the local press. From the national press a lot of people call me and ask for interview and even from the media. This is something that, particularly in this period of what everybody, I'm a public health physician is talking about COVID-19 and this is the emergency of course. Having the capacity to look at usual traditional disease but so important, that probably haven't received enough attention during the last months, I think is very important because I hope we are not forgetting that these are the major health issues, even in this period that is so difficult for an effect of disease for the COVID-19 outbreak. Dr. Carolyn Lam: Thank you so much Marco. I mean, I wish the whole audience could see the smiles you have put on all of our faces. Really, the credit all goes to you and your team for fantastic work done. We are privileged to have published this very important paper in circulation. And so thank you very, very much once again, to both of you for being on the show and to the audience for listening in today. Dr. Carolyn Lam: From Greg and I, you've been listening to Circulation on the Run. Thank you for joining us today. Dr. Greg Hundley: This program is copyright of the American Heart Association, 2021.  

Lead has been used in ammunition for hunting and sports shooting and in fishing tackle for centuries. It is estimated that each year around 100 000 tonnes of lead is dispersed into the EU environment from these uses. The European Chemicals Agency has looked into the possible risks from these uses to wildlife, livestock, the environment, and human health. It concluded that there are risks that are not adequately controlled and need to be addressed at the EU level.We interviewed representatives from different organisations during an event organised by ECHA where stakeholders shared their views on a potential restriction on the use of lead in ammunition for hunting and sports shooting.In this episode, we talk with Hans Steinkellner from the European Food Safety Authority. Hans has been involved in EFSA's scientific opinion on lead in food and was in Helsinki to share their findings. Watch our documentary video on the topicMoreLead in shots, bullets, and fishing weights: what is the EU doing?--------------------Disclaimer: Views expressed by interviewees do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Chemicals Agency. All content is up to date at the time of publication.

Cette semaine dans l'heure o véto, on parle de l’EFSA, European Food Safety Authority, ou l’Autorité Européenne de Sécurité des Aliments. Cette agence de l’Union européenne créée en 2002 est chargée de l’évaluation des risques dans la chaîne alimentaire. Elle a été créée à la suite de diverses crises alimentaires à la fin des années 90, dont une des plus connues est celle de la vache folle. Cette agence est basée à Parme, en Italie, une des capitales européennes du jambon.

Human body water functions include aiding the digestion process, circulation of nutrients and substances across cell membranes, influencing our metabolic rate, and balance of electrolytes, which are controlled much in part through the central nervous system – all of which are under the auspices of the brain.The percentage of water in the human body ranges from 50 to 75% - depending on age and gender – with an average adult having 57 to 60 percent. Mayoclinic.org comments that men need about 15.5 cups (3.7 liters) of daily fluid, while women require 11.5 cups (2.7 liters). Recommendations also are inclusive of plain water, other beverages, and water content of food – yielding total water intake (TWI).According to Distinguishing Low and High Water Consumers – A Paradigm of Disease Risk – which appeared in the March 2020 issue of the online peer-review journal Nutrients, “changes of body water volume and osmolality are monitored by the brain, while renal water and electrolyte excretion/retention is regulated by neuroendocrine responses.” The authors of the study, from the Universities of Connecticut and Hartford, and the Riverside Behavioral Health Center in Hampton, Virginia, state that among other control mechanisms, the primary regulatory components of fluid-electrolyte homeostasis (balance) are thirst and the pituitary release of arginine vasopressin into the circulation The Connecticut researchers propose a novel theory that there is an increased disease risk in those, who are LOW (habitually low volume) drinkers (1 liter per day) versus High drinkers (>2 liters), which they say causes, “chronic release of fluid-electrolyte and stress hormones. Most people don’t hit the severe dehydration level (>5% weight loss), but some do sustain mild hydration (1-2%) at some point on a weekly basis. From a sports perspective, a drop of 2.5% body weight in a short time period, such as boxers or wrestlers making weight before a fight, can impair their performance.Twenty-five to thirty-three percent of all adults in the United States and Europe consume less than 1.5 liters of water per day (i.e., total water intake (TWI) = plain water + beverages + food moisture), according to the Connecticut investigators. This consumption level is considerably less than the adequate intakes for water recommended by the European Food Safety Authority and the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, which is 2.5 to 3.7 liters per day for men and 2.0 to 2.7 for women.As to nutritional recommendations for LOW water consumers with higher vasopressin values, who may have an increased risk of chronic diseases and potentially lifespan, the researchers offered five goals: select solid foods with a high water content; take action to increase consumption of water and beverages; reduce daily dietary osmolar load by moderating specific foods; self-assess hydration status; and avoid overdrinking.Foods with higher water content include soups, fruits, vegetables and other water-rich foods that can increase TWI more than 1 liter per day – which encourages a shift of nutrient intake toward a healthful plant-based diet - reducing cardiovascular disease risk. However, you should be aware of the salt content.The researchers also offered six simple lifestyle changes that will help to increase the daily intake of water and beverages by LOW and the elderly. Select fluid flavors, colors and temperatures that are pleasurable, while considering energy and sugar contents. Place a water bottle next to your computer or wear a refillable bottle on your belt. Refill the bottle each time you empty it. Develop a habit of drinking a glass of water, when you wake, before each meal, after you visit the bathroom, or when you are waiting for someone or an event. Read more on mackieshilstone.com

In July 2005, Mel joined the Alliance for Natural Health International. In her role as executive coordinator, she works closely with Dr Robert Verkerk, executive and scientific director, positively shaping the scientific and regulatory environment required to facilitate the future development of natural and sustainable healthcare.During the last thirteen years, Meleni has been instrumental in furthering the ANH's communications with the global integrative medicine community, as well as industry stakeholders and has been actively involved in consultations with the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority, the US Food and Drug Administration, the UK Food Standards Agency, as well as the Food and Drug Administration and World Health Organization of the United Nations. She regularly contributes to articles, columns and press releases in the field of sustainable healthcare and regulatory challenges and maintains close collaboration with ANH-USA, based in Washington.

For Nestlé, its meatless beef with Impossible Foods Inc has ended less than incredibly. Last week, a European court ruled that the multi-national food and drink giant must change the name of its “Incredible” plant-based burger for violation of trademarks. The legal tiff began when Nestlé decided it would launch its soy and wheat protein burger in Europe in April 2019. Impossible isn’t in Europe just yet but last October it filed an application to the European Food Safety Authority to sell soy leghemoglobin—also known as heme, the protein that makes Impossible Burgers look bloody and taste like meat. At the time, the application seemed like a big signal that Impossible Foods was looking to make inroads in the European market. In its ruling, the Dutch court highlighted the fact that Nestlé had reached out to Impossible for a potential licensing deal in summer 2018—only to later announce it would strike out on its own. According to the Financial Times, that led the court to believe Nestlé was trying to trip up a rival by offering a similar product under a similar name. To be fair, if you google ‘Incredible burger’, the first result is the Impossible Foods website. “We are disappointed by this provisional ruling as it is our belief that anyone should be able to use descriptive terms such as ‘incredible’ that explain the qualities of a product,” Nestle said in a statement to the Financial Times. “We will of course abide by this decision, but in parallel, we will file an appeal.” The plant-based meat industry is hot right now, and the alternative meat market is expected to grow by roughly 28 percent a year and could be worth $85 billion in 2030. The Wall Street Journal reports that in the U.S., retail stores earned over $1 billion in plant-based meat sales in 2019. Meanwhile, another Financial Times report notes that the novel coronavirus has led to plant-based meat sales skyrocketing 200 percent due to supply chain issues and staffing shortages as meatpacking plants shut down. So, what is Nestlé going to rebrand its burger as? Apparently, the burgers will now be known as ‘Sensational’ in Europe. In America, Nestlé already sells its plant burgers under the ‘Awesome’ moniker. Seriously? While most fake meat burgers are sold under superlative names—Beyond Meat, is another example—it could be that a salty Nestlé is just reaching for an old thesaurus. If you look up ‘incredible’ at Thesaurus.com, ‘impossible’ is actually one of the alternate options. I don’t know about you, but a Sensational Burger sounds ridiculous. Awesome Burgers also sound like that overeager friend hawking you a dressed-up turd. What’s next? A Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious Burger? The Improbable Burger? A Wallace Shawn-themed Inconceivable! Burger? Look Nestlé, there’s nothing wrong with a more straightforward burger name. Trader Joe’s named its meatless burgers “Protein Patties” and based on Gizmodo’s taste test—they’re not bad! People will eat your meatless burgers if they’re not horrible or super expensive. In the meantime, put the thesaurus down.

An #energydrink is a type of drink containing stimulant compounds, usually caffeine, which is marketed as providing mental and physical stimulation (marketed as "energy", but distinct from food energy). They may or may not be carbonated and may also contain sugar, other sweeteners, herbal extracts, taurine, and amino acids. They are a subset of the larger group of energy products, which includes bars and gels, and distinct from sports drinks, which are advertised to enhance sports performance. There are many brands and varieties in this drink category. Coffee, tea and other naturally caffeinated drinks are usually not considered energy drinks. Other soft drinks such as cola may contain caffeine, but are not considered energy drinks either. Some alcoholic drinks, such as Buckfast Tonic Wine, contain caffeine and other stimulants. According to the Mayo Clinic, it is safe for the typical healthy adult to consume a total of 400 mg of caffeine a day. This has been confirmed by a panel of the European Food Safety Authority, which also concludes that a caffeine intake of up to 400 mg per day does not raise safety concerns for adults. According to the ESFA this is equivalent to 4 cups of coffee (90 mg each) or 2 1/2 standard cans (250 ml) of energy drink (160 mg each/80 mg per serving).[1][2][3] Energy drinks have the effects of #caffeine and sugar, but there is little or no evidence that the wide variety of other ingredients have any effect.[4] Most effects of energy drinks on cognitive performance, such as increased attention and reaction speed, are primarily due to the presence of caffeine.[5] Other studies ascribe those performance improvements to the effects of the combined ingredients.[6] Advertising for energy drinks usually features increased muscle strength and endurance, but there is no scientific consensus to support these claims.[7] Energy drinks have been associated with health risks, such as an increased rate of injury when usage is combined with alcohol,[8] and excessive or repeated consumption can lead to cardiac and psychiatric conditions.[9][10] Populations at risk for complications from energy drink consumption include youth, caffeine-naïve or caffeine-sensitive, pregnant, competitive athletes and people with underlying cardiovascular disease.[11] weki Excessive consumption of energy drinks can have serious health effects resulting from high caffeine and sugar intakes, particularly in children, teens, and young adults.[22][23] Excessive energy drink consumption may disrupt teens' sleep patterns and may be associated with increased risk-taking behavior.[22] Excessive or repeated consumption of energy drinks can lead to cardiac problems, such as arrhythmias and heart attacks, and psychiatric conditions such as anxiety and phobias.[9][10][22] In Europe, energy drinks containing taurine and caffeine have been associated with the deaths of athletes.[24] Reviews have noted that caffeine content was not the only factor, and that the cocktail of other ingredients in energy drinks made them more dangerous than drinks whose only stimulant was caffeine; the studies noted that more research and government regulation were needed.[22][25] --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/vegansteven/message

In this podcast episode, I speak with Dr. Patrick Wall, Professor of Public Health at University College Dublin. Professor Wall qualified in Veterinary Medicine in UCD and in Human Medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland. In addition, Professor Wall was the first Chief Executive of the Irish Food Safety Authority and the second Chairperson of the European Food Safety Authority, a pan-EU Agency with a remit on food safety for the entire food and feed supply chains.

In this podcast episode, I speak with Dr. Patrick Wall, Professor of Public Health at University College Dublin. Professor Wall qualified in Veterinary Medicine in UCD and in Human Medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland. In addition, Professor Wall was the first Chief Executive of the Irish Food Safety Authority and the second Chairperson of the European Food Safety Authority, a pan-EU Agency with a remit on food safety for the entire food and feed supply chains.

Title: The Exhaustion Epidemic with Special Guest Dr. Jacob Teitelbaum Guest: Dr. Jacob Teitelbaum Main Segment Guest Bio: Jacob Teitelbaum, M.D. is a board certified internist and author of numerous books including the perennial bestseller From Fatigued to Fantastic!, which has sold over half a million copies and his latest book Diabetes is Optional.  He’s also author of the popular free iPhone and Android application “Cures A-Z” which ranked in the top 10 of all health/wellness downloads on iTunes.  Why are we having the perfect storm for the human energy crisis? How many have fatigue? How to tell when it has progressed to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? How to easily optimize energy Help is available: New Energy Analysis Program “Pressing Health” Health news that’s fresh off the press The ill effects of aspartame have long been discussed among the three of us, not just here on the podcast, but on our past nationally syndicated radio show.  Well, you may have caught this nice little headline in the news lately.  “Researchers from the United Kingdom have appraised the most recent assessment by the European Food Safety Authority regarding the safety of aspartame, a popular type of artificial sweetener.  The investigators caution that the commission’s findings may be misleading.”  Well, I read the article and it basically states that there was a conflict of interest with the research and the reporting of the research.  When digging a little deeper into the EFSA’s 2013 risk assessment report they found that aspartame may not be nearly as safe as the EU agency led people to believe.  Sound familiar? https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325848.php “Executive Medicine Moment” Exhaustion is something we see often.  The best way to get to the bottom of it is through our half-day exam. StayYoungAmerica.com Twitter: @StayYoungPod Facebook: Stay Young America! Next time on Stay Young America!, “Forget Perfectionism, go for Authentication”.

F.A.Q's I was asked this question 4 or 5 times today. I guess it Tis the Season!So I decided to do a real quick down and dirty bonus episode today. I try to be proactive but sometimes we must go into a reactive mode. .This is what I do about pests in the garden and why.I mentioned BT in the podcast as an approved organic pesticide and why I don't use it. Here is one scientific paper performed by the European Food Safety Authority and the U.S. National Library of Medicine Institute of Health. If you perform your own search, which I highly recommend in any case, I believe you will find there are a lot of sites screaming "The Sky Isn't Falling!" Well at least in the U.S. anyway.

If you believe the headlines fructose is 'addictive as cocaine', a 'toxic additive' or a 'metabolic danger'. So how has a simple sugar in fruit and honey got such a bad name and is there any evidence behind the accusations that it has caused the obesity epidemic? Meanwhile, a new health claim approved by the European Food Safety Authority for foods or drinks substituting fructose for other sugars, comes into force. Dr Mark Porter talks to leading world experts to sift through the evidence in Fructose: The Bitter Sweet Sugar.Picture: Ingredients list on a drinks bottle, Credit: Associated Press

Read the full story with photos at: https://www.otsuka.co.jp/en/company/globalnews/2013/0901_01.html   A new omugi (barley) brand was launched today across Japan. The Omugi Seikatsu*2 products include Omugi Crackers, two flavors of Omugi Rice and two flavors of Omugi Soup and they are available in supermarkets, drug stores and convenience stores in Japan. Omugi Crackers can be eaten with cheese or crushed into yoghurt or eaten plain. To prepare Omugi Rice that contains 3,000 mg omugi beta-glucans, just microwave the packet for 2 minutes. And add hot water to Omugi Soup mixture for a cup of tasty and hearty soup. Benefits of Omugi The scientific community has been exploring the benefits of omugi, which is rich in omugi beta-glucans, a type of water soluble fiber. At a press seminar held earlier, Professor Sachie Ikegami, Emeritus Professor at Otsuma Women’s University spoke about prevention of lifestyle diseases by eating omugi products. She explained that this water soluble fiber has multiple health benefits such as lowering risk of heart disease. Professor Ikegami has been researching the benefits of omugi for over 30 years when nobody had any interest in Japan. She said now there’s more interest because researches have shown that omugi beta-glucans slow down the absorption of sugar in the body, therefore reducing the rise in blood glucose levels after meals, making it hard for people to get fat. She said omugi beta-glucans also lower cholesterol level and help people become regular. She said barley grains contain 20 times more fiber than white rice grains/100 g. Global Recognition of Omugi Beta-Glucans In the US, the Food and Drug Administration recommends people to take 3,000 mg of beta-glucans daily for health maintenance, such as lowering the risk of coronary heart disease. And according to the European Food Safety Authority’s Scientific Opinion, consumption of 3,000 mg or more of omugi beta-glucans lowers blood cholesterol and reduces risk of (coronary) heart disease. Professor Ikegami said, “It is very hard to create a food product that contains 3,000 mg of omugi beta-glucans, so I am excited to see that Otsuka has taken the lead to do so.” For more information in Japanese, click here: http://www.otsuka.co.jp/product/omugi/

It has been almost exactly a year since Anders Breivik bombed government buildings in Oslo, and then carried out a mass shooting on the island of Utøya, where he killed 69 people, mostly teenagers. In that time there has been much discussion about his mental state. Vivienne Nathanson and Julian Sheather from the BMA join us to discuss the moral and ethical problems that a diagnosis of insanity bring to the case. Also this week, seven articles on bmj.com look at the science behind sports product adverts. We hear from Matthew Thompson, from the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford, who criticises the quality of the evidence submitted to the European Food Safety Authority to back these claims

Much heat has been generated about about modern pesticides called neonicotinoids. Their supporters - the companies which make them, the farmers who use them and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs - say they are vital to protect crops and boost yields in a hungry world. They say jobs would be threatened in a big way if they were outlawed and that there is no scientific proof that they are harming pollinating insects which are also vital to agriculture. On the other side of the debate are environment campaigners, scientists, the European Food Safety Authority, the European Commission and a House of Commons select committee. They say there is so much evidence that neonicotinoids kill bees and other useful insects that their use in farms and gardens cannot be justified. Beekeepers are divided, some fearing that the alternative chemicals would cause even more damage, some saying that the other threats to bees - disease and loss of habitat - are far more serious. Some even challenge the whole notion that bees are suffering a serious decline. For Costing the Earth, Tom Heap goes into the fields and hedgerows of England - and into the laboratory of the country's only Professor of Apiculture - to sort spin from science and facts from campaign catchphrases. He also hears from scientists and experts on the global health of pollinating insects and the crops that depend on them. Produced by Steve Peacock.

­On this episode of Breaking the Set, Abby Martin talks about recent military exercises in Miami and Houston that have terrified residents – what could these soldiers be training for? Abby then talks to Alexis Baden-Mayer, political director of the Organic Consumers Association, about how the European Food Safety Authority recently discovered a viral gene unsafe for human consumption in almost all GMOs. Abby then talks to RT producer Manuel Rapalo about the recent EU-CELAC summit in Santiago, Chile, and the economic growth trends that are changing the Latin American region into a global economic and political powerhouse. BTS wraps up the show with a look at the history of eugenics in the US, and Israel’s current practice of administering forced birth control on its Ethiopian population.  Breaking The Set 1-30-13

  In this Episode of Globalcast, Euromonitor International's Health and Wellness Analyst, Mickael Dominguez, discusses the regulatory impact on the food and beverage industry by the European Food Safety Authority. Since 2008, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has released a number of scientific opinions related to the health claims stated on food products in the European Union. These opinions impact the European food market in a number of ways. Dominguez explores the following: ·         The first impact of EFSA’s opinions on the functional food market in the European Union ·         The positive outcomes of EFSA's opinions, despite manufacturers turning back to soft claims and consumers on the verge of losing trust in functional claims. ·         The outlook for food manufacturers in the European region  

In this third and final part of this exclusive NutraIngredients podcast with Professor Albert Flynn, chair of European Food Safety Authority’s Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA), explains how rejected article 13.1 can be resubmitted to the process.

In part two of this exclusive NutraIngredients podcast, Professor Albert Flynn, chair of European Food Safety Authority’s Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) refutes criticism the agency is biased toward certain nutrients.

Professor Albert Flynn, chair of European Food Safety Authority’s Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) tells Shane Starling how its communication ambitions are being thwarted by a lack of funding.

The Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority have similar criteria in place when it comes to evaluating health claim-backing evidence – both prefer human intervention trials.

The Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority have similar criteria in place when it comes to evaluating health claim-backing evidence – both prefer human intervention trials.

Shane Starling met with Patrick Coppens, the secretary general of the European Responsible Nutrition Alliance (ERNA), after the European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA) article 13.5 and 14 health claim stakeholders meeting on Monday in Brussels.

Shane Starling reports from the European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA) much anticipated industry stakeholders’ meeting about health claims in Brussels today.

Shane Starling reports from the European Food Safety Authority’s (EFSA) much anticipated industry stakeholders’ meeting about health claims in Brussels today.