Podcasts about ld50

rWotD Episode 2924: Water intoxication Welcome to Random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia's vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Tuesday, 6 May 2025, is Water intoxication.Water intoxication, also known as water poisoning, hyperhydration, overhydration, or water toxemia, is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that can result when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water intake.Under normal circumstances, accidentally consuming too much water is exceptionally rare. Most deaths related to water intoxication in healthy individuals have resulted either from water-drinking contests, in which individuals attempt to consume large amounts of water, or from long bouts of exercise during which excessive amounts of fluid were consumed. In addition, water cure, a method of torture in which the victim is forced to consume excessive amounts of water, can cause water intoxication.Water, like any other substance, can be considered a poison when over-consumed in a brief period. Water intoxication mostly occurs when water is being consumed in a high quantity provoking disturbances in electrolyte balance.Excess of body water may also be a result of a medical condition or improper treatment; see "hyponatremia" for some examples. Water is considered one of the least toxic chemical compounds, with an LD50 exceeding 90,000 mg/kg (90 g/kg) body weight in rats; drinking six liters in three hours has caused the death of a human.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:35 UTC on Tuesday, 6 May 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Water intoxication on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm standard Russell.

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In this episode Dr. Gillian Beauchamp sits down with Dr. Joshua Trebach to discuss the benefits and drawbacks of utilizing social media to increase awareness and promote medical toxicity. 

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: A primer on why computational predictive toxicology is hard, published by Abhishaike Mahajan on August 19, 2024 on LessWrong. Introduction There are now (claimed) foundation models for protein sequences, DNA sequences, RNA sequences, molecules, scRNA-seq, chromatin accessibility, pathology slides, medical images, electronic health records, and clinical free-text. It's a dizzying rate of progress. But there's a few problems in biology that, interestingly enough, have evaded a similar level of ML progress, despite there seemingly being all the necessary conditions to achieve it. Toxicology is one of those problems. This isn't a new insight, it was called out in one of Derek Lowe's posts, where he said: There are no existing AI/ML systems that mitigate clinical failure risks due to target choice or toxicology. He also repeats it in a more recent post: '…the most badly needed improvements in drug discovery are in the exact areas that are most resistant to AI and machine learning techniques. By which I mean target selection and predictive toxicology.' Pat Walters also goes into the subject with much more depth, emphasizing how difficult the whole field is. As someone who isn't familiar at all with the area of predictive toxicology, that immediately felt strange. Why such little progress? It can't be that hard, right? Unlike drug development, where you're trying to precisely hit some key molecular mechanism, assessing toxicity almost feels…brutish in nature. Something that's as clear as day, easy to spot out with eyes, easier still to do with a computer trained to look for it. Of course, there will be some stragglers that leak through this filtering, but it should be minimal. Obviously a hard problem in its own right, but why isn't it close to being solved? What's up with this field? Some background One may naturally assume that there is a well-established definition of toxicity, a standard blanket definition to delineate between things that are and aren't toxic. While there are terms such as LD50, LC50, EC50, and IC50, used to explain the degree by which something is toxic, they are an immense oversimplification. When we say a substance is "toxic," there's usually a lot of follow-up questions. Is it toxic at any dose? Only above a certain threshold? Is it toxic for everyone, or just for certain susceptible individuals (as we'll discuss later)? The relationship between dose and toxicity is not always linear, and can vary depending on the route of exposure, the duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility factors. A dose that causes no adverse effects when consumed orally might be highly toxic if inhaled or injected. And a dose that is well-tolerated with acute exposure might cause serious harm over longer periods of chronic exposure. The very definition of an "adverse effect" resulting from toxicity is not always clear-cut either. Some drug side effects, like mild nausea or headache, might be considered acceptable trade-offs for therapeutic benefit. But others, like liver failure or birth defects, would be considered unacceptable at any dose. This is particularly true when it comes to environmental chemicals, where the effects may be subtler and the exposure levels more variable. Is a chemical that causes a small decrease in IQ scores toxic? What about one that slightly increases the risk of cancer over a lifetime (20+ years)? And this is one of the major problems with applying predicting toxicology at all - defining what is and isn't toxic is hard! One may assume the FDA has clear stances on all these, but even they approach it on a 'vibe-based' perspective. They simply collate the data from in-vitro studies, animal studies, and human clinical trials, and arrive to an approval/no-approval conclusion that is, very often, at odds with some portion of the medical comm...

Link to original articleWelcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: A primer on why computational predictive toxicology is hard, published by Abhishaike Mahajan on August 19, 2024 on LessWrong. Introduction There are now (claimed) foundation models for protein sequences, DNA sequences, RNA sequences, molecules, scRNA-seq, chromatin accessibility, pathology slides, medical images, electronic health records, and clinical free-text. It's a dizzying rate of progress. But there's a few problems in biology that, interestingly enough, have evaded a similar level of ML progress, despite there seemingly being all the necessary conditions to achieve it. Toxicology is one of those problems. This isn't a new insight, it was called out in one of Derek Lowe's posts, where he said: There are no existing AI/ML systems that mitigate clinical failure risks due to target choice or toxicology. He also repeats it in a more recent post: '…the most badly needed improvements in drug discovery are in the exact areas that are most resistant to AI and machine learning techniques. By which I mean target selection and predictive toxicology.' Pat Walters also goes into the subject with much more depth, emphasizing how difficult the whole field is. As someone who isn't familiar at all with the area of predictive toxicology, that immediately felt strange. Why such little progress? It can't be that hard, right? Unlike drug development, where you're trying to precisely hit some key molecular mechanism, assessing toxicity almost feels…brutish in nature. Something that's as clear as day, easy to spot out with eyes, easier still to do with a computer trained to look for it. Of course, there will be some stragglers that leak through this filtering, but it should be minimal. Obviously a hard problem in its own right, but why isn't it close to being solved? What's up with this field? Some background One may naturally assume that there is a well-established definition of toxicity, a standard blanket definition to delineate between things that are and aren't toxic. While there are terms such as LD50, LC50, EC50, and IC50, used to explain the degree by which something is toxic, they are an immense oversimplification. When we say a substance is "toxic," there's usually a lot of follow-up questions. Is it toxic at any dose? Only above a certain threshold? Is it toxic for everyone, or just for certain susceptible individuals (as we'll discuss later)? The relationship between dose and toxicity is not always linear, and can vary depending on the route of exposure, the duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility factors. A dose that causes no adverse effects when consumed orally might be highly toxic if inhaled or injected. And a dose that is well-tolerated with acute exposure might cause serious harm over longer periods of chronic exposure. The very definition of an "adverse effect" resulting from toxicity is not always clear-cut either. Some drug side effects, like mild nausea or headache, might be considered acceptable trade-offs for therapeutic benefit. But others, like liver failure or birth defects, would be considered unacceptable at any dose. This is particularly true when it comes to environmental chemicals, where the effects may be subtler and the exposure levels more variable. Is a chemical that causes a small decrease in IQ scores toxic? What about one that slightly increases the risk of cancer over a lifetime (20+ years)? And this is one of the major problems with applying predicting toxicology at all - defining what is and isn't toxic is hard! One may assume the FDA has clear stances on all these, but even they approach it on a 'vibe-based' perspective. They simply collate the data from in-vitro studies, animal studies, and human clinical trials, and arrive to an approval/no-approval conclusion that is, very often, at odds with some portion of the medical comm...

Many people believe the pursuit of good health and healing has been derailed by modern medical thinking that focuses on one narrow way of doing things — often not the best way — while disregarding everything else, including vital and proven spiritual knowledge.Dr. Robert Gilbert makes his long overdue return to the podcast to help us better understand the connections between ancient spiritual knowledge and modern discoveries like BioGeometry and Cymatics in this healing Living 4D conversation. Learn more about Robert's work with sacred geometry at vesica.org. For Living 4D listeners: Save $75 off two of the Vesica Institute's most popular courses — Essential Teachings and Practices of Spiritual Science and The Personal Wavelength (good for one year of unlimited access) — by using the promo code PAUL75 at checkout.  TimestampsHow ancient spiritual knowledge connects with and gives a larger context to modern scientific discoveries in ways that help us understand and apply it. (8:31)The causal plane. (14:07)Scalar energy. (23:45)BioGeometry: The equilibrium point for all types of biological systems. (30:37)A definition of dimension from Robert's perspective. (37:38)The LD50/median lethal dose. (45:04)“Deep thinking burns up life energy in the body.” (56:23)Longitudinal and transverse waves. (1:09:01)Cymatics explains how invisible energy wave structure matters. (1:14:44)How the supplementary motor area of your brain intersects with the Chakra system. (1:22:40)What promotes better healing through electromagnetics: A TENS unit or microcurrent therapy? (1:27:45)The subtle energy problems with owning and using second-hand items. (1:35:56)Do you blame others for their illnesses and physical challenges? (1:47:00)Sacred geometry of space and time that operates on the astral and physical planes. (1:56:32)Memento mori: Remember that you will die. (2:02:42)Past life regression and embedded trauma. (2:11:53)Expanding our unconscious is the foundation of mindfulness. (2:20:39)How to instill more consciousness in ourselves every time we incarnate. (2:32:37)ResourcesWatchmen by Alan Moore and Dave GibbonsHealing is Voltage: The Handbook by Jerry TennantFind more resources for this episode on our website.Thanks to our awesome sponsors:PaleovalleyBiOptimizers US and BiOptimizers UK PAUL10Organifi CHEK20CHEK Institute/How to Eat, Move and Be Healthy Online programWild PasturesWe may earn commissions from qualifying purchases using affiliate links.

In this Biome Bite, Dr James McIlroy discusses the differences between food supplements and drugs, including their regulations and pricing. He suggests that some food supplements may be better than drugs for certain uses and indications, despite the higher standards and stringency for drugs. What are the differences between a food supplement and a drug? There are some key differences in the regulations. And those regulations govern how they're manufactured, how they're tested, the levels of quality assurance, and also the level of evidence. that has to be generated for them to be able to be put on the market. So drugs are regulated by competent authorities. In the UK, it's the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Food supplements are regulated by food standards agencies. In the US, interestingly, they're both governed and regulated by the same group, the FDA, Food and Drug Administration, but they're separate divisions within that very large organization that create the standards that the companies and the organizations that are manufacturing, distributing, and marketing have to adhere to. Now, classically, there are significant price differences between drugs and food supplements, and that's driven by the level of evidence that the companies have to generate to put the products on the market. And there's much higher stringency and standards in drugs rather than foods. Drugs often fail in clinical development as well because the standards are so high. Therefore, the drugs that are on the market are priced by the companies to be able to recoup losses from a company-wide perspective, associated with failed drugs, and also to make a significant return, typically within a patent life. of an approved drug. Back to the topic. Food supplements could be better than a drug for certain indications, and certain uses. Timestamps: 00:00:00 Intro 00:01:46 Key differences between supplement and drug 00:03:14 Lysine 00:09:54 Quercetin 00:15:19 Melatonin TRANSCRIPT: Biome Bites #11   Hi everyone, it's your host Dr. James McElroy here today for another Biome Bites. This is a solo episode so you have me and only me for the entirety of this episode. Today we're going to be speaking about three food supplements that could be better than drugs. Or rather, in a parallel universe, may in fact be regulated and distributed, marketed, and prescribed as drugs. So what are the differences between a food supplement and a drug? There are some key differences in relation to the regulations. And those regulations govern how they're manufactured, how they're tested, the levels of quality assurance, and also the level of evidence. that has to be generated for them to be able to be put on the market. So drugs are regulated by competent authorities. In the UK, it's the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. Food supplements are regulated by food standards agencies. In the US, interestingly, they're both governed and regulated by the same group, the FDA, Food and Drug Administration, but they're separate divisions within that very large organization that create the standards that the companies and the organizations that are manufacturing, distributing, and marketing have to adhere to. Now, classically, there are significant price differences between drugs and food supplements, and that's driven by the level of evidence that the companies have to generate to put the products on the market. And there's much higher stringency and standards in drugs rather than foods. Drugs often fail in clinical development as well because the standards are so high. Therefore, the drugs that are on the market are priced by the companies to be able to recoup losses from a company-wide perspective, associated with failed drugs, and also to make a significant return, typically within a patent life. of an approved drug. Back to the topic. Food supplements could be better than a drug for certain indications, and certain uses. I'm going to start with something called Lysine, also known as L Lysine. Lysine is an essential amino acid. Now, there are nine essential amino acids that we're aware of for the human body. That means that they cannot be synthesized by the human body and have to be consumed, have to be generated by your diet, so you have to consume them, you have to find them through some sort of intake, whether it's through food or a supplement. High protein foods are rich sources of all the essential amino acids, red meat, poultry, fish, pork, nut, legumes, and soy products from a plant perspective, also contain a wide variety of amino acids. Typically they don't. contain the complete sets of amino acids in the case of plants. And interestingly, from a protein bioavailability perspective, animal proteins are typically more bioavailable than plant proteins. What are we talking about now in the context of lysine? We're not talking about muscle hypertrophy. We're talking about cold sores, which are generated by the herpes simplex virus. And there are two that we typically discuss, HSV1, and HSV2. Typically there are cold sores on the face, but of course, there are also cold sores that can happen elsewhere in the body, most typically the genitals, HSV 1. Impacts the face, and HSV2s typically impact the genitals, although I think there can be some vice versa in there. Now, classically, when treating a cold sore, the medical community would prescribe an antiviral medication that can be topical. Ciclovir, commonly known as Zovarax, now is an over-the-counter medication. We can get into the differences between over-the-counter medications and prescription medications a different times and on a different podcast. But it would be typically an antiviral medication, topically, or systemic. Lysine has antiviral properties, which have been most classically demonstrated in what we call in vitro experiments. So these are experiments. In a test tube, essentially, where there's no living organism or living thing like a mouse or a rat or some other different species. Now, Interestingly, there is quite a good bit of evidence for lysine as a supplement for the prevention and treatment of cold sores in particular. I think there is some evidence as well for genital herpes, but the majority of the evidence exists for oral herpes, which is essentially synonymous with the term cold sore. So what does the evidence show? The evidence shows, fascinatingly, across a range of studies, for the most part, that lysine supplementation can prevent or reduce the severity, and by severity, we're talking about how many are there across a particular defined part of the body, in this case, the face, the severity beyond just how many there are, so how deep are they, how sore are they, there are other mechanisms. and predetermined parameters that clinicians and people working in this field use. And how long are the outbreaks? So what people have found is that daily supplementation with lysine in people who are prone to cold sores can, as I said, prevent and reduce the severity. Increased use of lysine during a cold sore outbreak can accelerate the time frame in which you have cold sores, so reduce the time frame that you have cold sores and indeed make the outbreaks less severe. That's fascinating, right? Now in terms of dose typically one to three grams a day for the treatment. That's one thousand to three thousand milligrams per day for as long as you've got a cold sore. If you can feel a sort of what we call prodromal type syndrome coming on where you've got a bit of a tingle. Some people know if they're about to get one things feel a bit strange in their face or elsewhere in their body. And that would be a good opportunity to load up and from a preventative point of view, it would typically be 500 milligrams. That's 0. 5 of a gram taken every day. Wide variety of sources available. It's quite a cheap supplement. So you can get a tub of 30. Excuse me, I was just taking a drink. You can get a tub of 30 for between 5 and 15 pounds depending on the source. Now, you can take a lot more lysine than that. I had a look for the LD50, which is a pharmaceutical, clinical phrase used to describe what the lethal dose is of a medicine, and the LD50 was at an insanely high level. That means you can probably take more than three grams a day. You could maybe load up to five or 10, see how that works for you. I've certainly done that. You can also get lysine as a topical formulation. Typically in the US, it's hard to find in the UK, so if you wanted a double whammy approach, you could take lysine systemically and you could also apply it topically around your lips. It doesn't seem to interfere or cause pain. In the formulation that I've seen, it's more of an ointment rather than a gel. Or a powder. It just makes your lips a little bit shiny. Now, what about the evidence? The evidence is quite strong in some respects, but it's also mixed. The studies are not ideal insofar as they're not very large for the most part, and typically they're conducted in compliance with standards that you'd associate with a food supplement rather than a drug. As I said at the start of this podcast, the Stringency, the level of regulation and rigour in the clinical studies is less for a food supplement than it is for a drug. So you might be wondering why has the pharmaceutical industry not jumped all over this. And I have to say anecdotally, i. e. based on personal experience, but also other people's personal experiences outside the confines of a robust clinical study. The evidence for lysine is pretty awesome. Some people swear by this, absolutely swear by it. I am prone to cold sores around my lips when I'm stressed. It runs in the family. Interestingly, my dad never gets them, and has never had one, but my mum is prone to them. So there are obviously some genetic predeterminants there around how bad your outbreaks are. But I, I've been taking lysine every day for years now. I was put onto the evidence by a former colleague called Dr Michael Butler. So shout out to you, Mike. If you're listening, I'm still listening to your advice. And here we are on Inside Matters talking about it in front of other people. So if you're prone to cold sores, I would recommend you give lysine a try. In a later episode, we're going to be talking about how to select a good quality supplement so if you want to wait before buying until that episode it'll be coming out within the next week or two. So that's supplement number one, Lysine. Supplement number two is Quercetin. Quercetin spelled q u e r c e t i n and we'll have some post-show notes as well. It's a type of flavonoid Flavonoids form part of a broader category called polyphenols and if you've been listening to this podcast You will have heard of the three P's prebiotics probiotics polyphenols again and again and if you want to take care of your microbiome the broad principles are, eat real food and focus on prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols There's a plant pigment that's found in many fruits and vegetables this is quercetin I'm talking about now. It has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, some people even say it has anti-carcinogenic properties, i.e. anti cancer. What kind of fruits and sources in the diet is it found in? Onions, apples, vegetables, grapes, tea, and Red wine. But we've talked about red wine in the past in the podcast as well. And if you want to get quercetin in high doses, I would recommend you look at a supplement. So the one key benefit, I believe, from quercetin in the context of this supplement versus drug discussion is that it has antihistamine properties. So the histamine pathways are heavily implicated in allergy and allergic reactions. And these can range from what we call atopy, so a very mild type reaction, where you maybe get some inflammation in your skin, to anaphylaxis, where you have a total. almost catastrophic systemic, so total body reaction to an allergen. Now Quercetin has antihistamine-type properties. There's a variety of evidence available to suggest that it can reduce the severity of allergy and atopy including hay fever. So for some reason, it stabilizes histamines from certain cells. I'm not 100% sure what the pathways are that can reduce allergy symptoms. Typical doses range between 250 milligrams, and 600 milligrams per day, taken in divided doses throughout the day so you're not just getting a big dump of quercetin at some point in time. Now more studies are required for a definitive conclusion. And we go back to the lysine discussion. Why are the pharmaceutical industry not all over this? They exist as food supplements already. It's hard to get a strong intellectual property position based on the studies that already exist, based on the fact that it's already ubiquitous as a food supplement. And typically the pharmaceutical industry is only interested if it can have a defined intellectual property patent position. Ideally, sometimes they're okay with know-how, but basically, they're trying to stop people from copying and eating into market share. Reversing out now, from quercetin specifically, into flavonoids, bioflavonoids more generally, forming part of the bigger polyphenol complex. The human body doesn't efficiently absorb all the flavonoids because of the complex structure that these compounds take. and the microbiota. through a series of bacterial enzymatic reactions, i.e. enzymes contained within the metabolism of bacteria can break down the bioflavonoids into smaller, more bioavailable compounds. Now, this is one of these, we feed the microbes, they feed us, type discussions. And the things they feed us are classically beneficial. So The flavonoids themselves through the actions of the microbiota have several anti-inflammatory, potentially anti-carcinogenic properties. They may strengthen gut barrier function as well and we've talked about epithelial integrity a lot on this podcast. Gut barrier integrity aka leaky gut. If you want more listen to the episode with Dr. Laura Craven on that. So there's some evidence to suggest that the flavonoids found in foods including quercetin, which is one of the best-studied flavonoids, can impact cardiovascular disease risk factors, certain cancers, and obesity-related complications, and part of that must be through their interaction with microbiota. One final point. I believe that flavonoids are synergistic with fibre. Fibre, we talk on this podcast a lot. All prebiotics are fibres, but not all fibres are prebiotics, right? Prebiotic is a type of fibre that promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria within the gut and there is absolute synergy between fibres and flavonoids. The good news is that the flavonoids that come from plants can have high fibre. There's a synergy there. So if you're eating colourful plants, You classically have a lot of flavonoids and you have a fibre content there as well in the form of cellulose, but also other prebiotic substances like, for example, pectin and inulin. So that's quercetin. If you're struggling with allergies, you're allergic to a cat, you're allergic to a dog, or you have hay fever. Maybe give quercetin a try. Also personally, based on anecdotes, based on what I've seen, and based on the people I've spoken to, quercetin can also have an impact on systemic inflammation. So if you've got achy joints, quercetin has been reported to be beneficial in some people, much like turmeric potentially has some benefits as well. Cercumin potentially has some benefits too. Now, number three on this list, and we're getting to the end of the podcast now, melatonin. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain. The pineal gland sits close to the pituitary gland if you're more familiar with that. And it helps regulate the body's sleep-wake cycle. Just as a brief aside, I like to go a little bit off-piece sometimes. The pineal gland is also thought to be the source of something called dimethyltryptamine, also known as DMT, which has very strong psychedelic properties. Some people believe large amounts of DMT are released by the body in Death, which is why people who have near-death experiences report similar experiences to people who've taken DMT recreationally. Okay, back now to the drug versus food debate. Melatonin is not found in foods. It's quite hard to find hormones in foods. Classically to do with the stability of the compounds metabolized by whatever it is where you're getting the source from. So if it's a slice of meat, then it would not find its way into the meat that you're eating. Now melatonin potentially because it's part of what we call circadian rhythm, i. e. your sleep-wake cycle could have beneficial effects in helping you get to sleep. There's some evidence to suggest that for people who have jet lag, so people who work in shift patterns, melatonin can be a good way to reestablish a normal circadian rhythm. Now, the evidence is a little bit mixed. Some evidence suggests that it can improve sleep quality. And reducing the time taken to fall asleep. Others say that it doesn't improve sleep quality, as measured through your sleep cycles, but may indeed reduce the time that it takes to get to sleep. This is another one of these anecdotal ones, where you have to try yourself, I think, to really understand how it affects you. Anecdotally, some people who take melatonin can feel groggy in the morning, they can feel slow, they can have brain fog, they can also feel a little bit nauseous, whereas other people, it gives them an amazingly deep sleep. And our recent episode with Andy Scott, the bodybuilder, revealed that he's very big on melatonin. He takes a big dose. Classically, the recommended doses are 0. 5 to 5 milligrams. Andy was taking 10 milligrams. That's a lot, but he's also a very big guy. So if you're having trouble falling asleep. If you're doing a lot of international travelling, you should consider melatonin. I would prefer melatonin to some of the other drugs that are available for sleep. Zopiclone is a classic one, but Zopiclone has an impact on REM sleep and other sedatives like GABA, and Agonist. So for example, the Azepam. are not things you want to be taking regularly at all because they have a high risk of developing dependency and a sort of rebound withdrawal effect can occur quite easily with limited use. Interestingly with melatonin, there doesn't seem to be what they call this rebound insomnia, i. e. you stop taking it, you can't get sleep, that doesn't seem to exist based on what I've seen. And there are some people, classically people who describe themselves as naturopaths swear by melatonin for infections too. I've not done much research on this. I'd encourage you to look at it yourself, but it might be an additional benefit. Melatonin as an antioxidant across the blood-brain barrier may be effective in delaying, preventing, and being involved with the development of some neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Alzheimer's. So we're coming to the end now of this podcast. I just wanted to emphasize that none of what I've said today constitutes a practice of medicine. It does not equal the giving of medical advice. You should consult with your healthcare professional before embarking on a supplement routine.

Chapter 1: Welcome to "Living the Wildlife" Podcast In the intriguing realm of wildlife control and pest management, there exists a niche that demands our utmost attention - the world of rodenticides. In the heart of this industry, the "Living the Wildlife" podcast emerges as a beacon, led by none other than the seasoned wildlife control consultant, Stephen Vantassel. Join us in this riveting exploration, as we delve deep into the dark alleys of rodent control, seeking to understand one of its most potent tools – Bromadiolone. The "Living the Wildlife" podcast is your haven if you're entrenched in professional wildlife control, an arena often referred to as vertebrate pest control. Unlike many mainstream podcasts, we take pride in our dedication to providing you with exceptional, out-of-the-ordinary insights, backed by sound technical knowledge. But this isn't just an academic exercise; we're acutely aware of the real-world applications that you, as a business professional or fieldworker, desperately need. In fact, let's be clear: if you're simply doing what everyone else in your industry is doing, you're not going to gain that competitive edge. And that's precisely where our podcast comes in. We're here to elevate the industry, supercharge your bottom line, and potentially save you invaluable time, money, and even, in some cases, your life. Welcome aboard this journey. We're thrilled to have you here. Chapter 2: The Critical Role of Understanding Rodenticides To appreciate the significance of Bromadiolone, one must first comprehend the intricacies of rodenticides as a whole. These chemical tools wield incredible power but come with a distinct caveat: they are not universally effective. The rodent world, diverse and varied, presents unique challenges when it comes to controlling them. This is precisely why a nuanced understanding of rodenticides is paramount. Imagine a scenario where your chosen rodenticide fails to deliver the desired results. This isn't an academic exercise; it's a real-world challenge faced by pest management professionals daily. It underscores the importance of digging deeper into the world of rodenticides, exploring their nuances, and appreciating the variations in impact on different rodent species. But rodent control is not a one-size-fits-all affair. It's an intricate tapestry of strategies, where sanitation, exclusion, trapping, and rodenticides play distinct roles. An effective approach requires a comprehensive understanding of these tools' limitations and strengths. Only then can you orchestrate them harmoniously to achieve your desired outcome – rodent-free environments. Chapter 3: Meet Bromadiolone (Brodifacoum) Let's take a closer look at the star of our podcast – Bromadiolone, a second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide. Picture it as a tiny chemical powerhouse, capable of bringing down rodents with extraordinary efficiency. The very structure of Bromadiolone, denoted by its CAS number, embodies its potency. What sets Bromadiolone apart is its remarkable stability. It's not prone to breaking down easily, even under harsh environmental conditions. This attribute is crucial when considering its deployment, especially in regions with extreme temperatures. It ensures that, once deployed, Bromadiolone remains a lethal force for an extended duration, ready to tackle rodent infestations. The journey of Bromadiolone began as a response to the growing resistance among rodents to the older warfarin-based rodenticides. Developed in the mid-1970s, it emerged as a game-changer, offering a potent alternative to combat resistant rodent populations. This historical backdrop sets the stage for our deep dive into the world of Bromadiolone and its significance in modern pest control. Chapter 4: Understanding Toxicity Levels As we embark on our journey to comprehend Bromadiolone, one of the key metrics we encounter is LD50, which stands for Lethal Dose 50%.

The Daily Shower Thoughts podcast is produced by Klassic Studios. [Promo] Check out the Daily Dad Jokes podcast here: https://dailydadjokespodcast.com/ [Promo] The Daily Facts Podcast. Get smarter in less than 10 minutes a day. Pod links here Daily Facts website. [Promo] The Daily Life Pro Tips Podcast. Improve your life in less than 10 minutes a day. Pod links here Daily Life Pro Tips website. [Promo] Check out the Get Happy Headlines podcast by my friends, Stella and Mickey. It's a podcast dedicated to bringing you family friendly uplifting stories from around the world. Give it a listen, I know you will like it. Pod links here Get Happy Headlines website. Shower thoughts are sourced from reddit.com/r/showerthoughts Shower Thought credits: greg_brooks1, pufballcat, SoggyMuffin95, zentribes, pumpkin_seed_oil_, Every-Incident7659, cxristiaan, duaneap, ATXBookLover, ItsAdamxD, LD50_irony, Carlos-In-Charge, rayfilifenko, vince2td, woah_broski1, foxstarfivelol, 16letterd1, mallolike, Captain_Excellence, , wilhelmtherealm, BlisterJazz, ATXBookLover, NotBot000, Virus1901, Fingerbob73, allofthelites, pufballcat, palmerry, univrsll Podcast links: Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3ZNciemLzVXc60uwnTRx2e Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/daily-shower-thoughts/id1634359309 Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/daily-dad-jokes/daily-shower-thoughts iHeart: https://iheart.com/podcast/99340139/ Amazon Music: https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/a5a434e9-da18-46a7-a434-0437ec49e1d2/daily-shower-thoughts Website: https://cms.megaphone.fm/channel/dailyshowerthoughts Social media links Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DailyShowerThoughtsPodcast/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/DailyShowerPod Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/DailyShowerThoughtsPodcast/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@dailyshowerthoughtspod Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Chapter 1: Introduction to Alpha Chloralose Welcome to another engaging episode of "Living the Wildlife" with Wildlife Control Consultant Stephen Vantassel. In this installment, we're about to embark on an enlightening exploration into Alpha Chloralose, a relatively novel rodenticide making waves in the United States' pest management scene. Alpha Chloralose, though a bit of a tongue-twister, is a fascinating chemical compound. It emerges as a chlorinated acetal derivative, with its origins rooted in glucose, a fundamental sugar molecule. This rodenticide arrives in various forms, including convenient paste bait formulations and user-friendly satchets. Its versatility and distinct characteristics set it apart in the world of pest control. Chapter 2: What is Alpha Chloralose? Delving further into the subject, Alpha Chloralose is a chemical substance that has earned several names. For simplicity's sake, we'll consistently refer to it as Alpha Chloralose throughout our discussion. Its multifaceted nature is underscored by the variety of names it goes by, such as A-Chloralose, Alpha-Chloralose, Chloralose, Chloral alocane, and Gluco Chloralose, among others. As we continue our exploration, it's important to note that Alpha Chloralose has its roots traced back to Europe. While it's relatively new to the United States, it has enjoyed a more established presence across the Atlantic. This unique perspective highlights how pest management solutions can differ worldwide, reflecting local challenges and regulations. Chapter 3: How Does Alpha Chloralose Work? Understanding the mode of action of Alpha Chloralose is crucial to appreciate its effectiveness. This remarkable rodenticide operates by affecting the central nervous system of the rodents it targets. Upon consumption, it initiates a chain reaction of physiological responses in the rodent's body. The journey of a rodent exposed to Alpha Chloralose begins with a sudden sense of drowsiness, setting in within a mere 15 minutes. This initial lethargy is the first step towards the rodent's eventual demise. What follows is a loss of motor control, leaving the rodent staggering and uncoordinated, akin to a human inebriated by excessive alcohol consumption. One of the most intriguing aspects of Alpha Chloralose's mode of action is its impact on the rodent's breathing patterns. It disrupts the normal respiratory processes, adding another layer to its potency. Moreover, Alpha Chloralose induces hypothermia in rodents, causing them to lose body heat rapidly. This phenomenon accelerates their decline and leads to a rather unique demise. Chapter 4: Best Uses of Alpha Chloralose Incorporating Alpha Chloralose into your pest control strategy isn't a one-size-fits-all solution. Like any tool in the pest management arsenal, it has its strengths and weaknesses, and understanding how to maximize its potential is key. Alpha Chloralose excels in colder temperatures. It has a remarkable ability to hinder a rodent's capacity to regulate its body heat effectively. As temperatures drop into the 50 to 61 degrees Fahrenheit range, the efficacy of Alpha Chloralose rises. At these lower temperatures, you can achieve up to a 95% success rate in controlling rodent populations using this rodenticide. This aspect makes Alpha Chloralose a valuable asset in the colder months when mice and other rodents seek shelter from the elements, often in the structures we occupy. It provides pest management professionals with an extra tool to combat infestations during the winter. Chapter 5: Risks and Safety Concerns While Alpha Chloralose has proven to be an effective tool in the hands of pest management professionals, its use comes with certain risks and safety considerations, particularly concerning dogs. This rodenticide poses a moderate risk to dogs, with an LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of the population) range of 100 to 600 milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

1. Augusti blev en upptagen månad. Därav tystnaden.2. Tess bröt handleden när hon skulle mata getterna.3. Vi läser upp ett trevligt meddelande från Nadine4. Giftigt för höns? Eller fel information? Vi reder potatis, äppelkärnor och torkade bönors giftighet för  Torkade bönorHemagglutinin och fytohemagglutinin är giftigt för höns (och människor). Hos människor yttrar det sig ofta som magont. Jag har inte järnkoll på hur symptomen ser ut på höns efter intag. Genom att koka bönorna bryts fyto/hemagglutininet ner.Sedan kan vi ju diskutera _hur_ giftigt det är... Det finns få studier i ämnet.ÄppelkärnorHela den diskussionen om "farliga äppelkärnor" är snedvriden.Teoretiskt skulle det räcka med kärnor från 40-80 äpplen för att förgifta en höna. Om hönan bara äter kärnorna.  Äppelkärnor innehåller amygdalin vilket kroppen omvandlar till vätecyanid.Den dödliga dosen (oral LD50) för höns är 11.1 mg per kilo kroppsvikt.Amygdalinet behöver omvandlas till vätecyanid, och äppelkärnor innehåller ca 0.6 mg vätecyanid per gram kärna.Genomsnittsvikten på äppelkärnor är 0.055 gram. Så 20 kärnor väger ungefär ett gram.20 kärnor ger 0.6 mg vätecyanid.För att komma upp i dödlig dos behöver en höna äta 400 äppelkärnor.Kärnhuset på ett äpple är femrummigt och i varje rum bildas 1-2 kärnor.Tomat och potatisDet står att det inte är bra på samma listor som säger att man inte ska ge dem potatis. Lite som Linné som sa att potatis var farliga då alla nattskatteväxter är giftiga. Ger inte mycket för dessa lister med farliga saker. Chili är för övrigt evolverad för att ätas av just fåglar.Det är de gröna delarna som innehåller gift. Rå potatis / potatisskalVilka är dessa som skriver att potatis är giftigt?Från Lunds universitet Själva potatisarna som vi äter är stamknölar, alltså inte rötter. I potatis finns det mycket näring i form av stärkelse. Stärkelsen kan göras till potatismjöl. Potatisar som ligger i ljus blir snart gröna och bildar det giftiga ämnet solanin.https://www.botan.lu.se/sites/botan.lu.se/files/odla_potatis.pdfFrån livsmedelsverkethttps://www.livsmedelsverket.se/livsmedel-och-innehall/oonskade-amnen/vaxtgifter/glykoalkaloiderAlla potatissorter bildar glykoalkaloider som en del av sitt försvar. Stress  kan till exempel handla om extrema väderförhållanden under odling eller om potatisen utsätts för ljus eller mekaniska skador.Högst andel glykoalkoloider sitter just i skalet de det skall skydda mot yttre angrepp.I tester på människor där man oralt gav glykoalkaloider från potatis i en dos på 2 mg/kg kroppsvikt, dvs 140 mg för en person som väger 70 kg (motsvarar ca 2 kg potatis) noterade man förgiftningssymptom hos en del av individerna. Lägre doser gav inga eller mycket svaga symptom.För råttor är 50-60 mg solanin en dödlig dos och 50 mg för kaniner. De flesta potatisarna som säljs innehåller mindre än 0.2 mg solanin/gram potatis.https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuSmåbrukarpoddens snackgrupp på facebook är lanserad. Du hittarden på https://bit.ly/m/lilltorpBjud in de som du tycker borde lyssna och prata!Småbrukarpoddens snackgrupp är lanserad (på facebook). Du hittar den direkt på https://www.facebook.com/groups/724343842855485 eller via Länk i bion.Bli LilltorpKompis! Gillar du det vi gör? Stöd oss då gärna. För bara 19 kr i månaden kan du bli LilltorpKompis och stötta oss. Annars så uppskattar vi om du delar det här avsnittet i sociala medier. Eller om du tar en kompis telefon och subscribar oss i dennes podspelare :)

Hampus har whiskeyröst, Emil har varit i en stuga och Henke har börjat nytt jobb. I detta underbara avsnitt pratar vi bland annat om Kabaddi SLAP, NPC-trenden på tiktok, LD50, Humstrar, Logotyper, Fisar och musik! Kanonkul!

Un veneno o toxina es cualquier sustancia peligrosa para el cuerpo y capaz de causar la muerte si se supera cierta dosis. Los venenos se pueden ingerir, respirar o absorber a través de la piel, no digamos ya de las mucosas. En realidad, incluso el agua, administrada en dosis letales, es un veneno, ¿lo sabías? Cuando se habla de venenos se suele manejar el término de dosis letal 50 (DL50 o LD50, esta última en inglés). La dosis letal 50 de una sustancia se define como la cantidad de la misma que es necesario ingerir, inhalar, recibir en una inyección o absorber por la piel tal que quien la recibe tiene un 50 % de posibilidades de morir a consecuencia de esa exposición o ingesta. La dosis letal de un veneno sería la cantidad que asegura casi por completo la muerte. Muchas gracias por compartir nuestros contenidos en tus redes sociales. Suscríbete a MUY HISTORIA con un descuento del 50% usando el código especial para podcast - PODCAST1936 https://bit.ly/3TYwx9a Comparte nuestro podcast en tus redes sociales, puedes realizar una valoración de 5 estrellas en Apple Podcast o Spotify. Suscríbete a la revista MUY INTERESANTE y recíbela en tu casa. https://suscripciones.zinetmedia.es/mz/divulgacion/muy-interesante Gracias por escuchar nuestros 'Grandes reportajes de Muy Interesante' Dirección, locución y producción: Iván Patxi Gómez Gallego Contacto de publicidad en podcast: podcast@zinetmedia.es

Old friends catch up about being introverts, parenting, teaching, and then dissect Mudvayne's LD50   Justin is a high school journalism/media teacher, has a BS in History, and is a prolific visual artist. Check out some of his work here: https://www.inkmethod.com/portfolio   00:00 intro Preamble 00:49 Justin always comes prepared, our class ruined alot of things, and justin intro 10:33 Synthwave revisit: future gazing and individuality 31:51 weekly pantera digression 36:52 Introvert Parade, turning social time into work, and being scared to call people 1:02:26 Socializing when you have kids and stay at home parent stuff 1:15:48 Some high school stories, teaching in general vs during the pando, and how we had it easier than kids today 1:47 Shows, games, and random phone notes =================================================== 2:04:00 intro, anticipated record, seeing em live etc...  2:31:00 production, performances, vibe, and the direction change on other albums 3:05 Monolith through Cradle 3:21 Nothing to Gein through (k)now F(orever) 3:41 wrap up and why we are enjoying doing these podcasts. 

Die giftigsten Substanzen die dem Menschen bekannt sind stammen aus der Natur. Drei dieser Substanzen wollen wir uns in dieser Folge näher anschauen: Rizin, Batrachotoxin und Botulinumtoxin (Botox). Dabei klären wir wo diese in der Natur vorkommen, wie sie im menschlichen Körper wirken und wie man sich gegebenenfalls bei einer Vergiftung retten kann (oder einer Vergiftung vorbeugen kann).

Chimaira found themselves on a pretty big record deal from Roadrunner Records and had to deliver a pretty big record and to our ears, they did. But were the Roadrunner boffins happy with it? Were they able to break through the Hatebreed ceiling? This album has a lot of fans and personally, I reckon it's one of those 'if you know, you know' albums that is probably a lot more influential than people might think. It mixes Slipknot riffs with elements of Deftones and Fear Factory and singer, Mark Hunter has even said that Mudvayne's Death Blooms was an inspiration. I'd argue this album is way more consistent than LD50 though. I wonder what Mr. Muse would say.

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating 2,400 year old soup. Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️ Merch — Risky or Not? (4) Brett Weed on Twitter: “Hey @benjaminchapman and @bugcounter, eating 2,400 year old soup—#riskyornot?” / Twitter Museum Archive on Twitter: “In 2010, Chinese archaeologists unearthed a 2,400-year-old bone soup in a sealed bronze cooking vessel near Xi'an in Northwest China. Because of oxidization, the soup turned green, but it was still in liquid form, and the bones were still floating on top https://t.co/IPolPGproi” / Twitter In 2010, Chinese archaeologists unearthed a 2,400-year-old bone soup in a sealed bronze cooking vessel near Xi'an in Northwest China. Because of oxidization, the soup turned green, but it was still in liquid form, and the bones were still floating on top [500x750] : ArtefactPorn Chinese archaeologists unearth 2,400-year-old ‘soup' - BBC News Crystalline Preparation of Botulinum Toxin Type a (Botox): Degradation in Potency with Storage - Michael G. Gartlan, Henry T. Hoffman, 1993 Measuring the potency labelling of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) in an LD50 assay | SpringerLink Botox: A review - ProQuest Chinese archaeologists soon to taste 2400-year-old soup and wine?

Dr. Don and Professor Ben talk about the risks of eating 2,400 year old soup.Dr. Don - risky ☣️ Professor Ben - risky ☣️ Merch — Risky or Not? (4) Brett Weed on Twitter: "Hey @benjaminchapman and @bugcounter, eating 2,400 year old soup—#riskyornot?" / Twitter Museum Archive on Twitter: "In 2010, Chinese archaeologists unearthed a 2,400-year-old bone soup in a sealed bronze cooking vessel near Xi'an in Northwest China. Because of oxidization, the soup turned green, but it was still in liquid form, and the bones were still floating on top https://t.co/IPolPGproi" / Twitter In 2010, Chinese archaeologists unearthed a 2,400-year-old bone soup in a sealed bronze cooking vessel near Xi'an in Northwest China. Because of oxidization, the soup turned green, but it was still in liquid form, and the bones were still floating on top [500x750] : ArtefactPorn Chinese archaeologists unearth 2,400-year-old 'soup' - BBC News Crystalline Preparation of Botulinum Toxin Type a (Botox): Degradation in Potency with Storage - Michael G. Gartlan, Henry T. Hoffman, 1993 Measuring the potency labelling of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) and incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) in an LD50 assay | SpringerLink Botox: A review - ProQuest Chinese archaeologists soon to taste 2400-year-old soup and wine?

Overindulging in Halloween candy is usually fine, but there's a point where too much can be lethal. The American Chemical Society revealed that the deadly dose is 262 pieces of fun-sized Halloween candy or 1,627 pieces of candy corn, when eaten all at once. Though most people wouldn't immediately die after eating so much candy, You would more likely get hyperglycemia, when blood sugar is elevated and get sick. Most people wouldn't be able to fit enough mini Snickers in their belly to be lethal. Here is the science behind it: To calculate candy's lethal quantities, ACS used the oral LD50 (median lethal dose) of sugar, or sucrose, which is the quantity of a substance that's lethal for 50% of the subjects in a test group. Sucrose's LD50 is 13.5 grams per pound, and with the average person weighing 180 pounds, consuming 2,440 grams (or 5.4 pounds) of sugar can be lethal. Fun-sized pieces of candy average 9.3 grams of sugar and candy corn 1.5 grams, so a 180-pound person would need to eat 262 pieces of candy and 1,627 pieces of candy corn to reach the LD50. To calculate your own Halloween candy LD50, multiply your weight in pounds by 13.5 and divide it by 9.3. For candy corn's LD50, divide everything by 1.5.

This week on The History of Jungle Show we bring you another two hours of fresh beats, with this weeks guest mix being supplied by Leed's based DJ LD50.‘DJ LD50 has been playing records and putting on parties with his own brand Central Beatz, in and around Leeds since 2002. Central Beatz has always pushed the sound of the future and has seen residencies across Europe, including Outlook Festival Croatia. LD50 is currently one of the resident selectors & mic hosts for local promotion License To Jungle, down at The Old Red Bus Station. His focus has always been championing the freshest sounds of the underground breakbeat, jungle & dnb scene with a focus on dark, gritty amen filled tracks designed to shake the foundations apart. You can also catch LD50 on his own online live streams and on various radio shows & events across the UK.Resident Danalog brining the heat on warm up duties.

醫學研究發現大蒜中的大蒜素可以抑制某些癌細胞，並且促進這些癌細胞的凋亡，例如乳癌和胃癌。有沒有人體試驗證實在人體也有這種功效呢？ 參考文獻： Bhaumika I, Pal k, Debnath U. Natural product inspired allicin analogs as novel anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Chem. 2019 May;86:259-272. Abstract A series of novel analogs of Allicin (S-allyl prop-2-ene-1-sulfinothioate) present in garlic has been synthesized in high yield. Synthesized 23 compounds were evaluated against different breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7) and non-cancer cells (WI38). Four compounds (3f, 3h, 3m and 3u) showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells whereas nontoxic to the normal cells. Based on the LD50 values and selectivity index (SI), compound 3h (S-p-methoxybenzyl (p-methoxyphenyl)methanesulfinothioate) was considered as most promising anticancer agent amongst the above three compounds. Further bio-chemical studies confirmed that compound 3h promotes ROS generation, changes in mitochondrial permeability transition and induced caspase mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. Gastric cancer remains high prevalence and fatality rates in China even though its morbidity has been decreased drastically. Allicin, which is from an assistance food-garlic (Allium Sativum L), was found to be effective in gastric cancer treatment. It is a defensive substance with a board biological properties: inhibition of bacteria, fungus, virus, controlled hypertension, diabetes, and chemoprevention of several cancers, etc. Experiments have shown that allicin can be chemopreventive to gastric cancer by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, which includes the caspase-dependent/-independent pathways and death receptor pathway. Those mechanisms probably involve in modulating enzymatic activity, restraining DNA formation, scavenging free radicals, and affecting cell proliferation and even tumor growth. Therefore, this review is focus on the mechanism of allicin in gastric cancer. 各位朋友，若您有醫美、減肥、健康相關問題，請直接到「景升診所」官網任一頁面留言，或用下列方法與我們聯絡： 直接撥打24小時專線 +886-931919066 Line id=“Gscline" WeChat id=“Gscline" 哈囉，大家好: 我們有幾個不同的頻道： Grand Health 大健康 （健康加財富、知足就是福）https://goo.gl/6EGLMd Grand Beauty 大醫美 （好好愛自己、就從現在起）https://goo.gl/g1E1rq Grand Touring 大旅遊 （大叔向前跑、永遠沒煩惱）https://goo.gl/7HN4bk 歡迎大家欣賞，喜歡就請按個讚，想獲取最新訊息就按「訂閱」吧！ 我們會提供更多更新的知識和訊息給大家。 感謝以下單位的幫助： ✪景升診所 https://www.genesis-clinic.org https://www.gscline.com ✪愛瘦美官網 https://www.isome.com.tw ✪邱醫師醫話園 https://www.okclinic.gscline.com ✪隆乳 https://www.gscline.com/ifatgraft/breast-adsc-htm ✪減肥 https://www.gscline.com/islimcenter-htm/fat-htm ✪自體脂肪隆乳 https://www.gscline.com/ifatgraft/breast-adsc-htm ✪瘦臉 https://www.gscline.com/ilipolysis-htm/fll-face-htm ✪瘦手臂 https://www.gscline.com/ilipolysis-htm/fll-arm-htm ✪瘦小腹 https://www.gscline.com/ilipolysis-htm/fll-abdomen-htm ✪瘦腿 https://www.gscline.com/ilipolysis-htm/fll-leg-htm ✪瘦大腿 https://www.gscline.com/ilipolysis-htm/fll-thigh-htm ✪抽脂 https://www.gscline.com/liposuction-new-technique/fat_liposuction-htm ✪男性女乳 https://www.gscline.com/ihair-htm/fll-gynecomastia-htm ✪狐臭 https://www.gscline.com/ihair-htm/laserhyperhidrosis-htm

A long sought-after guest joins System of Systems to discuss a number of artistic, philosophical, and political topics. Adam and the writer, critic and philosopher DC Miller became internet-linked after Adam demonstrated public interest in DC's writing. The result was that Adam was fired from The Quietus, where he wrote a regular column on the noise music underground and critical theory, and lost a number of other writing contracts. How did DC become such a controversial figure? Well, it mostly stems from the extreme Antifa-led overreaction to the now defunct British gallery LD50 and its 2017 exhibition that examined the imagery of what was then being called the alt-right and hosted talks by thinkers like Nick Land and Brett Stevens. DC heroically defended the gallery's right to tackle sensitive ideas and art. For that commitment to freedom of expression and fundamental enlightenment values, DC lost all of his positions in the art world. Seemingly overnight, he went from a known regular art critic for Frieze and Art Monthly to persona non grata. But we believe that DC is among the most misunderstood thinkers and creative people currently in the discourse. Though Adam and DC do have some differences in their view points, they also agree on a lot, specifically when it comes to diagnosing what is WRONG in our culture. In this chat, DC and Adam discuss art, psyops, the left, the elite, and recent work by the writer. DC recently wrote a response article to the essay that Adam published, 'Marxist Defends the Great Reactionaries,' that will be also published by American Greatness soon. DC is now publishing regularly on his Substack, is a contributing editor to im1776, and also publishes with The Conservative Woman. Enjoy the show!   SOUNDTRACK: Drexciya "Neptune's Lair" (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLryJ-4UNwXnfNR1h7RHPT2_TT6hu91G1o) Scott Walker "Farmer in the City" (https://youtu.be/zIJzTWk6bSw) Ghoulbog "Tredje Stycket" (https://styggelsetapes.bandcamp.com/track/tredje-stycket-viddernas-h-rskare)   Links:   DC's Substack: https://cryptogram.substack.com/  DC debates Zeroh HP Lovecraft: https://im1776.com/2021/06/08/dialogue-dc-miller-vs-zero-hp-lovecraft/  "The Occult Left": https://cryptogram.substack.com/p/the-locusts-have-no-king  DC Miller "The True Story of LD50": https://medium.com/@dctvbot/no-platform-for-aristotle-867a04c5da50  Jonathan Jones on LD50: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2017/feb/22/art-galleries-free-speech-ld50-dalston  Adam's statement on being fired from the Quietus: https://www.adamlehrer.com/blog/2020/8/11/a-statement-on-my-severed-relationship-with-the-quietus Adam "A Marxist Defends the Great Reactionaries": https://amgreatness.com/2021/01/01/a-marxist-defends-the-great-reactionaries/  DC, Justin Murphy, and Nina Power: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvUcO8sQZSI 

Tighter that Spag's crash cymbal on the Live Dosage 50 DVD is our episode on Mudvayne's album, L.D.50. If you weren't around when Dig was first released, you probably know it from the memes now and that song did super well despite not having a real chorus or any hook other than an intense bass slap opening. But how does the rest of the album hold up? Not particularly well. Was the make up holding them back? Was it the fact that one of them had spikes hanging off his face? Was it because the opening drumbeat for Everything and Nothing is really cool and then gets needlessly tricky when the vocals come in? Or all of the above? As always, we've got a new sponsor who we are sincerely hoping sticks around for longer than one episode. Love always, BDT

Core Questions What are the injuries for the following blunt trauma mechanisms: Head-on collision Rear end collision Lateral (T-bone) collision Rollover Ejected from vehicle Windshield damage Steering wheel damage Dashboard involvement or damage Restraint or seat belt use Air bag deployment Low-speed pedestrian versus automobile High-speed pedestrian versus automobile Bicycle versus automobile Non-automobile-related Vertical impact falls Horizontal impact falls Outline an approach to the primary survey for the trauma patient. Describe the elements of the eFAST exam. Outline an approach to the secondary survey in the trauma patient. Detail relevant ancillary laboratory tests to order in the trauma patient. Canadian CT Head Rule Canadian C-Spine Rule NEXUS C-Spine Rule NEXUS Chest Rule List the components of the following imaging decision-making tool What are the indications for a CT abdomen/pelvis in the trauma patient? Wisecracks What are the mechanisms of injury for the following weapons: Knives Handgun rounds Shotgun rounds Rifle rounds What is the LD50 in feet for falls from a given height? What is permissive hypotension and what evidence does it have? 

Core Questions What are the injuries for the following blunt trauma mechanisms: Head-on collision Rear end collision Lateral (T-bone) collision Rollover Ejected from vehicle Windshield damage Steering wheel damage Dashboard involvement or damage Restraint or seat belt use Air bag deployment Low-speed pedestrian versus automobile High-speed pedestrian versus automobile Bicycle versus automobile Non-automobile-related Vertical impact falls Horizontal impact falls Outline an approach to the primary survey for the trauma patient. Describe the elements of the eFAST exam. Outline an approach to the secondary survey in the trauma patient. Detail relevant ancillary laboratory tests to order in the trauma patient. Canadian CT Head Rule Canadian C-Spine Rule NEXUS C-Spine Rule NEXUS Chest Rule List the components of the following imaging decision-making tool What are the indications for a CT abdomen/pelvis in the trauma patient? Wisecracks What are the mechanisms of injury for the following weapons: Knives Handgun rounds Shotgun rounds Rifle rounds What is the LD50 in feet for falls from a given height? What is permissive hypotension and what evidence does it have? 

SummaryFor thousands of years indigenous Americans have used hallucinogenic mushrooms in religious ceremonies as entheogens. These mushrooms are now known to contain psilocybin, a small molecule with profound mind-altering properties. While many cultures have understood the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for thousands of years, most modern countries are only now accepting psilocybin’s potential as medicine. Morbidity and MortalityThe profound mind-altering effects of psilocybin should not be under-estimated and have led to many fatal accidents. However, psilocybin is very safe from a purely toxicological standpoint. The LD50 (dose at which half of people die) is estimated to be 6g or 1000 times the normal recreational dose. Most all reported psilocybin fatalities have involved significant co-ingestions. StoryThe Aztecs called hallucinogenic mushrooms “tonanacatl” meaning “God’s Flesh”. In 1519 when Spain conquered the Aztec Empire, they banned cultural practices like the use of hallucinogenic mushrooms. Years later, in 1970 the United Nations required all member nations to ban psilocybin. However, this attitude is finally changing. Oregon became the first state to legalize psilocybin in 2020. However, it remains federally illegal. Key Points1. Psilocybin is a small molecule found in the fruiting bodies (mushrooms) of hundreds of species of fungi around the world2. It is very similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin and is an agonist at various serotonin receptors, most importantly 5HT2A.3. Though it is currently DEA schedule 1, psilocybin has numerous potential health benefits, most notably in the treatment of multiple psychiatric disorders like depression and substance abuse.4. Those who have ever used psilocybin are probably less likely to commit violent crimes and often report enduring beneficial effects. Feeling of interconnectedness with other people, nature, and the universe are regularly reported by users.5. Some things I forgot to say in the podcast: - Make sure you get psilocybin from a trustworthy source. Fake and adulterated products are very common. - Calling a friend or loved one can be a great way to get through a "bad trip"- Everyone has a different metabolism. Some will get profound effects from a small dose while other may need larger doses.- Micro-dosing (taking about 1/10 a normal dose) is often done on an almost daily basis to help with depression, anxiety, and to improve creativity. Think about it like a daily antidepressant. This is a sub-hallucinogenic dose. References-       Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017). Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin. Neurotherapeutics:14(3), 734–740. -       Hendricks PS, Crawford MS, Cropsey KL, Copes H, Sweat NW, Walsh Z, Pavela G. The relationships of classic psychedelic use with criminal behavior in the United States adult population. J Psychopharmacol. 2018;32(1):37-48. -       Neavyn MJ and Carey JL. Hallucinogens. GoldFrank’s Toxicology. 2019.-       Wikipedia. Psilocybin, Psilocin, Serotonin, Psilocybin Decriminalization in the United States.-       https://www.dea.gov/drug-scheduling-       Mandrake K. The Psilocybin Mushroom Bible: The Definitive Guide and Growing and Using Magic Mushrooms. 2016.

Episode 18 of Waveforge Podcast

A chat with Nate, Les, Joe, and Kollin of Throne as well as fans Christina, Brian, Steve, Zeek, and Tommy. We begin the fans and their stories of discovering Throne. With new music on the horizon, we talk with Throne about their new album called Pestilent Dawn. This episode is jammed with goodness, including Throne’s creative process, origins in music, first albums, and pineapple on pizza. Grab a beverage and dig into this episode of Fans With Bands with Throne. Throne Links Check out Throne on Bandcamp Follow Throne on Facebook, Instagram and Youtube Fans With Bands Links Subscribe to Fans With Bands on your favorite podcast service such as Apple, Google, Youtube, Spotify, iHeartRadio, Audible, Amazon Music or Stitcher.  Be sure to rate the show and please send us feedback. We would love to hear from you. You can also follow Fans With Bands on Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, and Instagram For samplings of music by artists featured on Fans With Bands, drop by our playlist on Spotify Support the podcast by becoming a Patreon subscriber Chat with Throne - Show Notes - Discovering Throne We kick things off in the usual Fans With Bands fashion by asking the fans how they discovered Throne. Christina and Bryan first saw Throne on Road to Summer Slaughter. They loved the energy of the band. Throne even played Bryan’s birthday party which sounds epic. Steve was out at Mac’s in Lansing to support some local bands and caught Throne for the first time. Steve likes to tell people that if Suffocation and Behemoth had a baby, it would be Throne. We all laughed, yet it is very true. Steve is chomping at the bit for live shows to start back up so he can have his new band ( Xorcyst ) open up for Throne as he pities the bands that have to follow them. Zeek’s first encounter was also at Mac’s. His band (Exploding Zombies) was on the bill with Recorruptor and Goatwhore. Upon first hearing Throne, Zeek and his bandmates were asking “Who the F**k are these guys!”. Zeek feels that Throne is at the top of the game and are great representatives of the metal scene. Throne and Pestilent Dawn I asked Throne to give us the background on their upcoming album called Pestilent Dawn. Throne started writing when their EP Altar Of The Dying was released in 2019. They completed recording in May 2020. The album is set to be released by Redefining Darkness Records (which also released the awesome Jesus Wept album - which is another band that includes Nate).  I asked if the basic musical direction has changed. Joe and Nate both chimed in that the new music is a lot faster and heavier. How this can be is a mystery we’ll have to wait to unfold and hear for ourselves. I say this because Kollin is a machine on the drums which crank at blazing speeds. How he can go faster is mind-boggling to say the least. Nate also mentioned that Throne is embracing more of their death metal roots with a slightly lessened black metal feel. Les mentioned the X-File riff. Can’t wait to hear that one! Composing music for Throne Bryan asked if there is one main composer who builds all the songs or is it a compilation of all four members. Everyone in Throne agrees that everyone contributes as they build all songs organically in their jam space. However, most of the songs on the first album (Altar of the Dying) were written by Nate as Joe joined the band late in the writing of that album. Les added that the riffs are spawned from the guitars and then built up in layers.  Touring with Throne Zeek (who is in the legendary Exploding Zombies) was asking about Throne touring plans and getting on a show or tour with them. Zeek mentioned that Exploding Zombies are in the process of recording and there are some band updates coming soon. Nate mentioned that as soon as Throne can play shows, they will. Evil on Stage When you witness the ferocity of Throne on stage the brutality of the music is physically manifested in the band’s performance. I asked the guys in Throne if they are conscious of their performance or if it is a subconscious expression. Everyone agreed that they channel the music’s energy directly. There is no theater or prescribed performance. The music rules each show. Origins Steve asked when Kollin got started as his drumming skills are extremely impressive. Kollin started as soon as he could hold the drum sticks. The rest of the band have varying levels of immersion in music which spawned their desire to write and record. Joe start out on drums and jumped into guitar in middle school. He’s been jamming ever since. Les is named after Les Paul, so music has been a part of his life from birth. Nate wasn’t into music until he picked up the guitar at 15. He took a few lessons and then taught himself the rest. When you listen to the music of Throne, you’ll hear the musical prowess of this band. First Albums Always a fun topic is hearing what everyone’s first album was. Christina’s was Korn - Follow The Leader. Brian’s first album was from Boyz II Men. We had a good laugh. Brian’s intro to metal came from the local scene including Production Grey, Revile, and Lucifer’s Hammer.  Steve’s first album was Metallica’s Ride The Lightning. Seeing Overkill and Sepultura on Headbanger’s Ball set him on the path to play music himself in the local metal scene. For Zeek, it was Black Sabbath’s first album. From there he got into Sepultura and then the lure of death metal drew him in. Thriller from Michael Jackson was Les’s first album. A great choice. Kollin grew up listening to Slayer, Sepultura, and Metallica in his playpen. His first album was The Black album by Metallica. The first album Joe bought was a live CD from Aerosmith. Nate grew up a nu-metal child with LD50 from Mudvayne as his album. Dream Tour I asked each member of Throne who they would like to tour with in a perfect world. The common element is Suffocation. Kollin added that partying with Suffocation would be awesome. In addition to Suffocation, Nate would dig touring with Angelcorpse and Morbid Angel. Les would love touring with Mercyful Fate or King Diamond. For Joe, he’s on board with Suffocation and would be down with touring with Carcass as well. Pineapple? Check out the podcast and get the lowdown on Pineapple on Pizza

The LD50 Lethal Dose 50 where 50% of the test of the target population. Stephen M. Vantassel, CWCP, ACE Wildlife Control Consultant, LLC Blog: https://wildlifecontrolconsultant.com/ Papers: https://kingsdivinity.academia.edu/StephenMVantassel Videos: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxP_IBhnqcgvX_aRM4f91nQ  Podcasts: https://pestgeekpodcast.com/stephen-vantassel/ Phone: 406-272-5323 Mtn Time Helping people resolve conflicts with wildlife through teaching, training, writing, and research The post Understanding The LD50 From A Wildlife Control Perspective For Vertebrate Control appeared first on Pest Geek Pest Control Podcast .

Lecture SummaryKetamine is a small molecule that works mainly through inhibition of the NMDA receptor in brain and nerve tissue. It has varying effects at different doses and can be used for a number of medical indications including depression, suicidal ideation, acute and chronic pain, sedation, and anesthesia. Ketamine is a very safe drug when used intermittently and appropriately. However, it can cause both harm and addiction. Many clinicians fear ketamine. This fear is misplaced as ketamine is very forgiving in the clinical setting and safer than other alternatives like opiates. Key Points- Ketamine is a derivative of phencyclidine (PCP) and because it causes much less agitation, aggressive behavior, and sympathomimetic symptoms, it has enjoyed wide-spread and sustained clinical use.- Ketamine primarily acts as an inhibitor of the NMDA receptor. However, it has effects at a number of other targets including multiple opioid receptors. Ketamine also inhibits the reuptake of multiple neurotransmitters including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.- Ketamine can be used at lower doses for mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, OCD, and suicidal ideation.- NMDA receptors modulate neuronal development, plasticity, and connectivity. The author hypothesizes that acute plasticity afforded by ketamine allows individuals with mental health issues a unique opportunity to leave negative thought patterns and view themselves from a different level of consciousness.- Ketamine’s effectiveness in treating both acute and chronic pain makes it very desirable. - At higher doses, ketamine causes sedation with preserved respiratory function. This makes it ideal for resource limited settings.- Ketamine can cause a number of side effects. Most notably an emergence reaction some people experience when waking up from dissociative or sedative doses of ketamine.- This emergence reaction can be effectively treated by limiting sensory stimulation and administration of benzodiazepines like lorazepam. Alpha antagonists like clonidine and antihistamines like hydroxyzine may also be helpful. Avoiding antipsychotics in this setting is recommended by some due to the risks of dystonic reactions.- Ketamine can also cause hematuria, bladder, and urinary tract dysfunction. Particularly with frequent illicit use.- Memory impairment and depressive symptoms also can occur with chronic use.- Fatalities from ketamine toxicity are almost unheard of. The LD50 in mice was 600 mg/kg. However, accidents can certainly occur and be fatal in recreational use.- There is a lot of controversy regarding a number of Ketamine’s effects. For instance, is ketamine neuroprotective in trauma? What is its effect on seizures at lower doses? Does Ketamine raise intercranial pressure? Ketamine can cause hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Its action at multiple receptors, dose dependent effects, and the heterogeneity of human subjects likely explains a lot of this controversy.- Ketamine’s proven safety record, low cost, unique clinical properties, multiple uses, as well as its ability to provide full anesthesia without significant respiratory depression, make it an absolute must have, in resource poor settings.ReferencesSee Part 2 Notes

Lecture SummaryKetamine is a small molecule that works mainly through inhibition of the NMDA receptor in brain and nerve tissue. It has varying effects at different doses and can be used for a number of medical indications including depression, suicidal ideation, acute and chronic pain, sedation, and anesthesia. Ketamine is a very safe drug when used intermittently and appropriately. However, it can cause both harm and addiction. Many clinicians fear ketamine. This fear is misplaced as ketamine is very forgiving in the clinical setting and safer than other alternatives like opiates.Key Points- Ketamine is a derivative of phencyclidine (PCP) and because it causes much less agitation, aggressive behavior, and sympathomimetic symptoms, it has enjoyed wide-spread and sustained clinical use.- Ketamine primarily acts as an inhibitor of the NMDA receptor. However, it has effects at a number of other targets including multiple opioid receptors. Ketamine also inhibits the reuptake of multiple neurotransmitters including serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.- Ketamine can be used at lower doses for mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, OCD, and suicidal ideation.- NMDA receptors modulate neuronal development, plasticity, and connectivity. The author hypothesizes that acute plasticity afforded by ketamine allows individuals with mental health issues a unique opportunity to leave negative thought patterns and view themselves from a different level of consciousness.- Ketamine’s effectiveness in treating both acute and chronic pain makes it very desirable. - At higher doses, ketamine causes sedation with preserved respiratory function. This makes it ideal for resource limited settings.- Ketamine can cause a number of side effects. Most notably an emergence reaction some people experience when waking up from dissociative or sedative doses of ketamine.- This emergence reaction can be effectively treated by limiting sensory stimulation and administration of benzodiazepines like lorazepam. Alpha antagonists like clonidine and antihistamines like hydroxyzine may also be helpful. Avoiding antipsychotics in this setting is recommended by some due to the risks of dystonic reactions.- Ketamine can also cause hematuria, bladder, and urinary tract dysfunction. Particularly with frequent illicit use.- Memory impairment and depressive symptoms also can occur with chronic use.- Fatalities from ketamine toxicity are almost unheard of. The LD50 in mice was 600 mg/kg. However, accidents can certainly occur and be fatal in recreational use.- There is a lot of controversy regarding a number of Ketamine’s effects. For instance, is ketamine neuroprotective in trauma? What is its effect on seizures at lower doses? Does Ketamine raise intercranial pressure? Ketamine can cause hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Its action at multiple receptors, dose dependent effects, and the heterogeneity of human subjects likely explains a lot of this controversy.- Ketamine’s proven safety record, low cost, unique clinical properties, multiple uses, as well as its ability to provide full anesthesia without significant respiratory depression, make it an absolute must have, in resource poor settings.See References In Part 2 Notes

In a recent webinar, psychiatrists describe kratom as dangerous with lethal overdose and toxicity potential. Using the studies they cite, Brian Gallagher explains why the dose of mitragyinine to establish LD50 in mice is far beyond the levels consumed in leaf and even extracted kratom, and why one investigation into coroners’ reports disproved claims of […] The post 38. Psychiatrists Overstate the Dangers of Kratom first appeared on Kratom Science.

Nesta edição do "CBN Especial Coronavírus", a epidemiologista Ethel Maciel traz como destaque a sinalização trazida em um artigo, divulgado pela revista científica "New England Journal of Medicine" (NEJM), que indica que o uso de máscara, além de proteger do novo coronavírus, como já amplamente discutido, diminui chances de complicações por quem é contaminado. A publicação é uma perspectiva feita sob uma análise de dados e estudos divulgados em todo mundo a respeito do uso de máscara e adoção ao distanciamento físico. É sinalizado que o número de pessoas que não desenvolve sintomas de covid pode aumentar entre os que usam máscara. Um dos apontamentos da publicação é que "dados virológicos, epidemiológicos e ecológicos recentes levaram à hipótese de que o mascaramento facial também pode reduzir a gravidade da doença entre as pessoas infectadas. Essa possibilidade é consistente com uma teoria de longa data da patogênese viral, que sustenta que a gravidade da doença é proporcional ao inóculo viral recebido. Desde 1938, os pesquisadores exploram, principalmente em modelos animais, o conceito da dose letal de um vírus - ou a dose na qual 50% dos hospedeiros expostos morrem (LD50). Com infecções virais nas quais as respostas imunes do hospedeiro desempenham um papel predominante na patogênese viral, como SARS-CoV-2, altas doses de inóculo viral podem sobrecarregar e desregular as defesas imunes inatas, aumentando a gravidade da doença", aponta trecho do artigo.

This is one of the most common training tools that I use when providing courses on the GHS, and the Safety Data Sheets. By providing them with SDS's that are relative to their daily use or consumption, they get very engaged. My students get intense about the class, especially those that vape, or consume adult beverages on a frequent bases, because as we progress with the opening this segment provides, they are considering if they are about to hit / or where close to hitting the LD50. For more information, the SDS's used in the program, or for other class ideas - visit AllenTheSafetyGuy --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dragginup60/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dragginup60/support

After the last two episodes Kellar and Strenk just kinda cruise through some bullshit this week. Everything from Ghibli movies to protests to Luke Gallows to the Sega Saturn and back again. Donate to Harmen's transition fund Ending song: Sega Sound Team - Let's Go Away

Direct inspirations: Mudvayne's LD50 album, Terence McKenna [and his colleagues], Daniel Siebert, the Vaults of Erowid, Leicafrog [a YouTube vlog], The Joe Rogan Experience [YouTube version]. Indirect Inspirations: My mother and father, my life partner, my children, my siblings, extended family, friends, work associates. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/asavosonasa/message

Therapeutic index

This week's guest on the TPOE podcast is the Dublin rapper Paul Alwright aka Lethal Dialect, who's recently released the final part of his LD50 trilogy, which began in 2011. He's got two other albums under his belt as well, including one under his own name, Hungry, which came out in 2018. Over Skype, Alwright discusses why he went back to the Lethal Dialect moniker, life under coronavirus, life in a changing Dublin, being a 'social issues' rapper, and lots more.

This week: Kratom banned in France, Mississippi State Senator Chuck Younger announces he’ll introduce a bill to ban kratom in his state, and we examine kratom as covered in media over the past week.  Produced by Brian Gallagher for https://www.kratomscience.com/ Reference links: Kratom Science Europe post https://www.kratomscience.eu/kratom-in-france/ ANSM press release https://ansm.sante.fr/S-informer/Points-d-information-Points-d-information/Inscription-du-kratom-sur-la-liste-des-psychotropes-Point-d-Information#_ftn1 Article about France’s kratom […]

The November episode of 3 Minute 3rs, brought to you by the NC3Rs (www.nc3rs.org.uk), the North American 3Rs Collaborative (www.na3rsc.org), and Lab Animal (www.nature.com/laban). Papers: 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6662399/ 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5371849/ 3. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/LC/C9LC00160C [NA3RsC] Evaluation of developmental and reproductive toxicity is a key aspect of drug development. Each year, 5-7% of newborns worldwide are born with serious birth defects, a number correlated to increased use of pharmaceutical drugs for managing health conditions. Reproductive toxicology studies account for roughly 90% of all animal use in toxicological safety assessment. The FDA requires that these animal studies be performed in two species, often rodents and rabbits. The embryonic stem cell test (EST) is an alternative in vitro assay that does not require the use of pregnant animals but is not yet powerful enough to provide a complete alternative, as it only considers the direct toxicity of compounds. Consequently, in vivo animal models are still required to evaluate effects on drug metabolism. This research established an in vitro platform (metaEST) which uses 3D embryoid bodies and 3D primary human liver microtissues on a chip to evaluate alterations in metabolism. Not only does this significantly reduce the number of animals required, these results demonstrate the platform's ability to evaluate metabolic effects that are missed using the standard EST assay and mimic physiologically relevant conditions in vitro. [NC3Rs] Botulinum neurotoxin can cause fatal paralysis following ingestion or infection of a wound and is a potential bioterrorism agent. Therefore, the ability to quickly and accurately detect the toxin in a sample is crucial. The current method used to detect the toxin is the mouse lethality bioassay, where mice are injected with neurotoxin to determine the LD50 value, or the dose that kills half the animals. This uses approximately 70,000 mice per year in the UK and more than 600,000 mice annually worldwide and causes severe suffering prior to death. Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US have developed a mass spectrometry-based method that can successfully identify botulinum neurotoxin activity for the four human-toxic serotypes. It is faster - the test can be done in just 4- 6 hours on the spectrometer rather than the 1- 4 days typically required by the mouse bioassay. The test also requires samples with volumes as low as 100 µL per toxin type, instead of the 1 mL required for the mouse bioassay, avoiding the problem of insufficient sample volumes. This mass spectrometry- based assay is a fast and accurate alternative to the mouse bioassay and further implementation of the technique has the potential to reduce the number of animals used for this purpose. [LA] Tissues do not exist in isolation from one another. As increasingly sophisticated organ-on-chip technologies continue to emerge, many researchers want to link those chips together to mimic multi-organ systems. That's been easier said than done. Yi-Chin however has been working on making better connections. The new microfluidic platform she helped developed consists of modular tissue and fluid control units, referred to as TILE modules. With the help of magnetic connectors, these modules can be arranged and re-arranged into different perfusion circuits as needed. It's backwards compatible too, meaning existing microfluidic devices can be used. The team involved demonstrated the platform in action with 2 and 3 tissue modules that mimic liver-mediated bio activation in response to a nutraceutical and a cancer prodrug. All using human cells, rather than animal models. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

We're always on the lookout for supplement ingredients that could be the “Next Big Thing”, and it's very possible we just found one for dieters. Its name is BAIBA (pronounced “BAY-buh”), and it may be able to mimic certain fat-burning processes that occur in your body when exercising – even when you're not working out! Of course, we never suggest avoiding exercise, but research published in 2014 definitely got our attention, which is why we originally wrote this article in 2015. Four years later, we finally found a trustworthy ingredient supplier in NNB Nutrition's MitoBurn, allowing us to pursue more research. TL;DR BAIBA (or β-aminoisobutyric acid) is an “amino acid” generated during exercise. It is involved in several healthy processes, such as the thermogenic browning of white fat and exercise-based prevention of bone and muscle loss. When supplemented, it is pro-ketogenic and increases fatty acid oxidation in the liver while protecting against fat gain and improving glucose tolerance in mice. (See the BAIBA Research section) There are two isomers of BAIBA, L-BAIBA and D-BAIBA, research shows L-BAIBA is superior for supplementation because it leads to more positive metabolic health outcomes. The preferred BAIBA Supplement ingredient is MitoBurn by NNB Nutrition. (See the BAIBA Supplements section) Suggested doses are 250-500mg, 1-2 times per day. (See the BAIBA Dosage section) There are no currently known side effects at the above doses, but because it is a new ingredient with limited human research, caution is suggested. In 2019, safety data was conducted on mice and showed L-BAIBA's LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of animals) was well over 2,000mg/kg of body weight, which means we're very comfortable with the suggested dose. Under DSHEA, BAIBA is by definition a dietary supplement since it covers several sections. No statements on this page are approved by the FDA and you should seek a doctor's approval before beginning any new supplement or dietary program. This article was originally written in 2015, but updated in 2019 after finally finding a reputable raw material source from NNB Nutrition. This ingredient is incredibly interesting, especially to aggressive dieters, but is definitely not for the conservative or cautious user — at least until more human-based research is published. This article is science-intense, so get ready: What is BAIBA? BAIBA, or β-aminoisobutyric acid, is an amino acid generated during exercise (an “exercise-induced muscle factor”) that is not naturally found in the genetic code of any organism — it's formed when either thymine or valine are broken down. This means that BAIBA, while an amino acid, is not a building block for proteins but rather is used as a signaling molecule within the body. Because of this, consuming it will not contribute to the development of muscle mass like traditional essential amino acids (often used for recovery during or after a workout), but it may hold promise for fat-loss – and weight loss. L-BAIBA vs. D/R-BAIBA: Which Form is Best? There are two forms of BAIBA discussed in the literature: L-BAIBA (S-BAIBA) and D-BAIBA (R-BAIBA). These two types are also referred to as enantiomers, which means they're a pair ... Read more on the PricePlow Blog

“If you only listen to stuff you’re supposed to like, and some people do, your taste in music would be incredibly fucking boring."In this episode of Life Was Peachy, host Andrew Cahak is joined by Ali Jaafar (Another Heaven, DIIE, Subtle Beast) discuss 2000’s LD50 by Mudvayne.Find more info at lifewaspeachy.com, and on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at @lifewaspeachy.

“If you only listen to stuff you're supposed to like, and some people do, your taste in music would be incredibly fucking boring." In this episode of Life Was Peachy, host Andrew Cahak is joined by Ali Jaafar (Another Heaven, DIIE, Subtle Beast) discuss 2000's LD50 by Mudvayne. Find more info at lifewaspeachy.com, and on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook at @lifewaspeachy.

DC Miller is a controversial but misunderstood person. He is a writer in London outcast from polite society after his opposition to the Shutdown LD50 campaign two years ago. I've talked with him enough to know he is not the evil caricature his enemies make him out to be, but I still don't understand his views fully. In this livestream we will try to get to the bottom of what DC really thinks. In doing so we make a series of distinctions about conservatives, fascists, neoreactionaries, and free-speech leftists. DC wrote the book, Dracula Rules the World and Mark Zuckerberg is His Son. You can find a list of his other writings at dcxmiller.tumblr.com. This was first recorded on March 8, 2019 as a livestream on Youtube. To receive notifications when future livestreams begin, subscribe to my channel with one click, then click the little bell. If you'd like to discuss this podcast with me and others, suggest future guests, or read/watch/listen to more content on these themes, request an invitation. Big thanks to all the patrons who keep this running.

In Knut's first white Christmas for a while, baking vocabulary is tested, the LD50 of sugar is explored, and crispy vs. soggy biscuits are debated. Chris struggles to defend British Christmas desserts' heavy dependence on dried fruit.

Stephen Vantassel here wildlife control consultant. Wanted to talk today about L.D. 50 and understanding LD 50 as motive. Many of you know I'm involved in vertebrate control so the role of pesticides to control vertebrates raises a lot of issues and concerns about the relative toxicity of some of these toxic loans fume against… The post Understanding The LD50 Lethal Dose 50 appeared first on Pest Geek Pest Control Podcast .

We discover that smoking weed is much safer than drinking water! Write to us at: podcastmadness@gmail.com

This week Momo and Evy delve into the complicated world of vegan beauty products and how to make sure your vanity table is 100% vegan. We discuss the apparent oxymoron of cruelty free products that are not vegan, and why we demand more stringent measures from beauty brands than from food manufacturers. Later on (18.30) we interview Hilary Jones, the ethics director of Lush cosmetics, a 32 year vegan and a fierce and knowledgable advocate for ending animal testing. Also on this episode… What is the difference between cruelty-free and vegan? Crushed beetles, sheep's wool and pig fat: Momo and Evy discuss the hidden non vegan ingredients often found in cosmetics. Our favourite beauty bloggers. The China thing: the legislation that blocks the world's biggest beauty companies from being cruelty free. Are our expectations too high? How can we expect makeup brands to be totally Cruelty-Free as we vegan food at non vegan restaurants? How to veganise your cosmetics closet. Why is fighting animal testing part of Lush's mission?  “Companies create paranoia and sell products off the back of that... We don't want to test on animals, we don't want to make people feel bad about themselves.” "That's not science, that's just brutality” -Hilary explains how animal testing is not necessary or effective way of verifying the safety of our products. How do Lush test their products if not on animals? What happens to animals during testing. The LD50 test: Hilary explains the standard test that kills 50% of its subjects. What is The Cosmetics Drive and the Lush Prize. Will Lush ever go vegan? Hilary shares her feelings on being a vegan at a vegetarian company and her hopes for the future. What can individuals do to achieve a world free from animal testing? “Think about the animals in all that you do.” Links: Lush's website Follow Lush on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook The Tasty Vegan non-vegan ingredients list Our favourite CF/Vegan beauty bloggers: Logical Harmony and Cruelty-Free Kitty Logical Harmony's list of Cruelty-Free Beauty Brands Article on Animal Testing in China and hope for ending it Lush's Live Demonstration on Regent's Street (warning: this video is graphic)   Social Media Twitter: @ChickPeepsPod Instagram: @ChickPeepsPod Facebook: @ChickPeepsPodcast Momoko Hill: @oh_momoko Robbie Jarvis: @robbjarvis Tylor Starr: @tylorstarr Evanna Lynch: @msevylynch

Author: Rachael Duncan, PharmD Educational Pearls A NEJM study report in July 2016 discussed a situation in New York during which 30 people became “zombie-like” after ingesting synthetic cannabinoids (aka “Spice). The ER managed to coordinate with the CDC to evaluate  blood samples from 18 patients who were transported to the hospital. Of those who went to the ER, the mean age was 36.8, many  of them were homeless, all of them were male. Mass spectrometry was used to confirm the presence of synthetic cannabinoid in their blood. Compared to normal THC, synthetic cannabinoids have a much lower EC50 and LD50. Spice intoxication presents in a variety of ways -patients may be hyperthermic, combative, delirious and/or seizing. Treatment  is supportive, including fluids, cooling, electrolyte management, and sedatives. References: Adams, A. J., Banister, S. D., Irizarry, L., Trecki, J., Schwartz, M., & Gerona, R. (2017). “Zombie” Outbreak Caused by the Synthetic Cannabinoid AMB-FUBINACA in New York. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(3), 235-242. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1610300

Dopamine, Angelina Jolie, European Regulations, and LD50. Plus quidditch, glitter, suits, and more placebo effect. There’s a 25% chance this is Skeptics with a K.

The Music Featured On This Weeks Episode Is From The Following Albums: Doc Feldman & The LD50 – Sundowning At The Station (2013) Terminal Union – Making Arrangements (2013) Arlo McKinley & The Lonesome Sound – Arlo McKinley & The Lonesome Sound (2014) Docfeldman.bandcamp.com Reverbnation.com/terminalunion Arlomckinley.bandcamp.com Reverbnation.com/arlomckinleythelonesomesound Glen-simpson.com All music is used with permission.

The Music Featured On This Weeks Episode Is From The Following Albums: Those Crosstown Rivals – Kentucky Gentlemen (2012) Doc Feldman & The LD50 – Sundowning At The Station (2013) Senora May Lainhart – Sound Cloud Demos (2013) Tyler Childers – Bottles & Bibles (2011) Matt Woods – Broken Strings & Beer Specials (2008) Fifth […]

Recent work has underlined the importance of animal models in discovery and characterisation of molecular mechanisms determining radiosensitivity and radioresistance. Enhanced sensitivity of LEC rats to ionizing radiation in terms of the acute radiation syndrome was investigated in the present work on the cellular level and compared to that of LE rats. To understand the molecular basis for the increased radiation sensitivity a series of studies were performed, which included the classical clonogenic survival assay, investigation of double strand break repair by means of PFGE and gH2AX evaluation, comet assay for evaluation of repair of single strand breaks and alkaline labile sites, and analysis of cell cycle progression of asynchronous fibroblast population. Survival assay, PFGE, and H2AX analysis were performed in a standardised experimental system - confluent fibroblasts, synchronized in G1 phase of cell cycle, and comet assays were performed in G0 lymphocytes. The data suggests a mild radiosensitization of LEC fibroblasts compared to LE. The results of studies using the selected model did not reflect the degree of animal sensitivity on the molecular level, since values of dose modifying factor (DMF) were much lower in fibroblasts (DMF2 = 1.32) compared to that of animal sensitivity (DMF = 2.36 for bone marrow syndrome (LD50/30) and DMF = 1.95 of intestinal death (LD50/7)). The investigation of DNA repair and cell cycle did not reveal a significant defect in the studied pathways in synchronized fibroblasts and cell cycle progression was not different from wild type cells. The presented data contradict the published LEC cellular phenotype. Of the possible candidate genes, which are located in the radiosensitivity locus, several were further analysed. Among those, Gata-2 appeared to be the most promising of the positional and functional candidates. However, no mutation in the coding sequence could be identified and mRNA expression levels were similar between control and LEC cells. The presented data suggests that radiosensitivity of LEC rats might be attributed to a mechanism specific for certain target tissue, like bone marrow, or enhanced in cell cycle stages other than G0/G1.

Calculations performed in consideration of a continuously increasing world population have revealed that animal production needs to be enhanced worldwide by at least 2 % each year so as to provide sufficient feed. Yet, effective growth promoting agents, in terms of in-feed antibiotics, have been completely banned throughout Europe due to the possible development and spread of multiresistance in bacteria. New efficient, safe and inexpensive feed additives are therefore needed in order to maintain or even further improve performance levels in animal husbandry. Based upon this information, rare earth elements have been considered as promising natural feed additive. Thus, this study was designed to bring together the current research on rare earths in order to analyze the data obtained and to facilitate the discussion of its relevance to agricultural utilization. The term rare earth elements comprises the elements scandium (21), yttrium (39), lanthanum (57) and the 14 chemical elements following lanthanum (58 -71) called lanthanoids. Favoring the tripositive oxidation state, rare earths present a high affinity for ionic bonding, thus a large number of both organic and inorganic rare earth salts may be formed. Nevertheless, rare earths may also form complexes especially with chelating oxygen ligands. In nature, rare earths occur in multiple minerals, such as bastnaesite and monazite which are mainly used for industrial production. Today, rare earths are part of several daily used devices such as lighters, television sets and computers. Additionally they are found in medical technology, nuclear engineering, automobile industry, military devices and even in spacecraft. Furthermore, rare earth-containing drugs are used for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic renal failure patients and for burn treatment. Based upon their paramagnetic properties, rare earths, especially gadolinium, have also been arranged as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography. In the future, among other uses, rare earths might be involved in cancer therapy, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis as well as organ transplantation. In China, rare earths have been successfully used at low concentrations as feed additives and fertilizers for decades. Yet, careful interpretation of Chinese data is recommended due to the fact that Chinese papers are often only available in native language and furthermore not up to standard with Western scientific research reports, hence lacking statistical treatment of data and details of experimental methods. However, in China, both yield increases and quality improvements were achieved in multiple plant species including cereals, fruits and vegetables after rare earth application. Recommended application rates vary with the crop species, the application technique (soil, foliar or seed dressing) as well as the timing. As feed additives, rare earths were shown to improve body weight gain and feed conversion in nearly all categories of farming animals (chickens, pigs, ducks, cattle). Additionally, improvements in milk production in dairy cows, in egg production in laying hens and in output and survival rate of fish and egg hatching of shrimps were noticed. Feed additives used thereby predominantly contain light rare earths (La, Ce, Pr, Nd) but even though both organic (nitrates, chlorides etc.) and inorganic (ascorbates, citrates etc.) rare earth feed additives are commercially available, organic ones are claimed to provide better results. Based on the effects reported in Chinese studies, experiments were initiated under Western conditions in order to investigate the action of rare earths on both plant and animal growth. Several Western feeding trials conducted on animals have been able to demonstrate significant performance enhancing effects after dietary rare earth application, while results obtained from experiments on the effects of rare earths on plant growth have been controversial. In pigs, improvements in body weight gain of up to 19 % and in feed conversion rate of 10 % were observed after their diets were supplemented with low-dosed rare earth chlorides. Even better effects were however noticed after rare earth citrates were added to the feed of pigs. Furthermore, under field conditions, rare earths were shown to increase body weight gain by up to 10 % and improve feed conversion by up to 9 % in pigs. Following these results, rare earth containing feed additives in terms of Lancer® have entered the market in Switzerland, where a temporary permission has been granted for their use in pig production. In addition, in broilers, rare earths were also shown to increase final weights by 7 % and improve feed conversion by up to 3 %. Very recent studies also confirmed performance enhancing effects in broilers with increased body weight gain and feed intake of up to 6.6 % and 6.9 %, respectively. In rats, which were used as a small animal model, improvements in body weight gain and feed conversion of 4 -7 % and 3 -11 %, respectively, followed the application of rare earths. Thus, clear performance enhancing effects were achieved in Western studies on rats, pigs and poultry due to dietary rare earth supplementation. However, there are also studies in which positive effects of rare earths on animal performance were not as obvious or not observed at all. A comparison between the results of these feeding experiments as to the mixture of rare earths, the concentration as well as the compound applied showed that these parameters are involved in the magnitude of performance enhancing effects of rare earths. At present, no definitive statement on optimum composition can be made. However, a dose-dependency was observed in several trials and better effects have been achieved when the mixture of rare earths was applied instead of single lanthanum. Additionally, it seems that organic rare earth compounds have a higher impact on animal performance than inorganic ones. This is probable ascribable to different chemical characteristics, which lead to variations in both absorption and bioavailability. Generally, absorption of orally applied rare earths is very low, with more than 95 % being recovered in the feces of animals. According to minute gastrointestinal absorption of rare earths, oral toxicity is very low and comparable to usual table salt. LD50 values determined in various animal experiments rang from 830 mg/kg to 10 g/kg body weight. None of the feeding trials performed reported any effects on the state of health of the animals, which coincides with low oral toxicity and additionally supports the safe application of rare earth feed additives to animals. In addition, no effects on either meat or carcass quality were observed. Likewise, rare earth concentrations determined in organ samples were very low and similar or even lower than in control animals. This is attributed to the ubiquitous occurrence of rare earths, thus also in plants and soils. As a result they also appear in commercial diets and subsequently in animal and human tissue. It has also been shown that rare earth contents in usual vegetable foodstuff are still higher than those in meat obtained from animals additionally fed with rare earths. Therefore, the application of rare earths as feed additive is also considered to be safe for humans. Furthermore, as to current knowledge, no damage is to be expected on the environment as a consequence of rare earth application to agriculture. In fact, as rare earths can improve feed conversion, they may support the efficient use of natural resources, while additionally reducing environmental loads in terms of animal excrements. Hence, with respect to animal, human and environmental safety, rare earths meet legal recommendations of the European Union for their registration as feed additive. Although the mechanism underlying performance enhancing effects of rare earths is not completely understood, several proposals have been made. According to current research, rare earths might exert their action locally within the gastrointestinal tract, including effects on the bacterial micro-flora as well as on nutrient uptake, digestibility and utilization. Likewise, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects may also contribute to positive effects. Additionally, actions on the intermediate metabolism in terms of effects on cellular functions, growth-and digestibility-related hormones and enzymes or the immune system have also been considered. It might also be possible that rare earths are not yet identified essential elements. Based on the information gained in this study, it has been concluded that rare earths are of high interest as possibly new, safe, inexpensive feed additive in Europe, especially in pig and poultry production.