POPULARITY
3 episodes with Rankl
3 episodes with Rankl
9 episodes with Rankl
2 episodes with Rankl
2 episodes with Rankl
O estudo em camundongos analisou como o sistema RANK-RANKL afeta os músculos; aqueles que receberam RANKL e se exercitaram por 21 dias apresentaram um aumento na presença de uma enzima que está associada à produção de energia nas células
Puntata 513 con Luca e Marco ai microfoni. Luca apre la puntata parlandoci dell'alchimia e dei tentatifi che si sono susseguiti nei secoli per trasmutare il piombo in oro. In esterna, sempre Luca onnipresente intervista Maria Lucia Schiavone, postdoc presso il laboratorio della Dott.ssa Cristina Sobacchi nel dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche dell'univeristà Humanitas di Rozzano. Maria Lucia ci parlerà di fisiopatologia dell'osso, in particolare del duplice ruolo di una citochina, RANKL, in osetogenesi e in osteoclastogenesi.Una barza quantistica intriduce l'argomento di chiusura, il principio di indeterminazione di Heisenberg.Diventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/scientificast--1762253/support.
BUFFALO, NY- March 26, 2024 – A new #researchpaper was #published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 16, Issue 5, entitled, “Chlorogenic acid prevents ovariectomized-induced bone loss by facilitating osteoblast functions and suppressing osteoclast formation.” Osteoporosis is a common bone disease in aging populations, principally in postmenopausal women. Anti-resorptive and anabolic drugs have been applied to prevent and cure osteoporosis and are associated with different adverse effects. Du-Zhong is usually applied in Traditional Chinese Medicine to strengthen bone, regulate bone metabolism, and treat osteoporosis. Chlorogenic acid is a major polyphenol in Du-Zhong. In this new study, researchers Chien-Yi Ho, Chih-Hsin Tang, Trung-Loc Ho, Wen-Ling Wang, and Chun-Hsu Yao from China Medical University, China Medical University Hospital and Asia University found chlorogenic acid to enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Chlorogenic acid also inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Notably, ovariectomy significantly decreased bone volume and mechanical properties in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Administration of chlorogenic acid antagonized OVX-induced bone loss. “Taken together, chlorogenic acid seems to be a hopeful molecule for the development of novel anti-osteoporosis treatment.” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205635 Corresponding authors - Wen-Ling Wang - supercocono1@mail.cmu.edu.tw, and Chun-Hsu Yao - chyao@mail.cmu.edu.tw Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.205635 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, chlorogenic acid, osteoporosis, ovariectomized, osteoclast, osteoblast About Aging-US Aging publishes research papers in all fields of aging research including but not limited, aging from yeast to mammals, cellular senescence, age-related diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's diseases and their prevention and treatment, anti-aging strategies and drug development and especially the role of signal transduction pathways such as mTOR in aging and potential approaches to modulate these signaling pathways to extend lifespan. The journal aims to promote treatment of age-related diseases by slowing down aging, validation of anti-aging drugs by treating age-related diseases, prevention of cancer by inhibiting aging. Cancer and COVID-19 are age-related diseases. Aging is indexed by PubMed/Medline (abbreviated as “Aging (Albany NY)”), PubMed Central, Web of Science: Science Citation Index Expanded (abbreviated as “Aging‐US” and listed in the Cell Biology and Geriatrics & Gerontology categories), Scopus (abbreviated as “Aging” and listed in the Cell Biology and Aging categories), Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, EMBASE, META (Chan Zuckerberg Initiative) (2018-2022), and Dimensions (Digital Science). Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com and connect with us: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ X - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/1X4HQQgegjReaf6Mozn6Mc Media Contact 18009220957 MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM
Here is information on the latest US FDA approvals, the week of March 4 – March 8, 2024 · ChatGPT4 in medical writing and editing—visit learnAMAstyle.com · Nascentmc.com for medical writing assistance for your company. Visit nascentmc.com/podcast for full show notes - **OTC Glucose Monitor**: The FDA has approved the Dexcom Stelo Glucose Biosensor System for over-the-counter sale, a first for a continuous glucose monitor. Designed for people aged 18 and older not using insulin, it helps manage diabetes with oral medications or monitors the impact of diet and exercise on blood sugar levels. Scheduled for release in Summer 2024, the system offers a 15-day sensor wear time and does not alert users to low blood sugar episodes. - **Semaglutide in CVD Risk**: The FDA has approved semaglutide (Wegovy) for reducing cardiovascular risk in adults with known heart disease who are overweight or obese, specifically targeting the reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events. This approval makes semaglutide the first weight-loss medication also indicated for preventing life-threatening cardiovascular events in patients with established cardiovascular disease and obesity or overweight. - **Juvederm Additional Indication**: JUVÉDERM® VOLUMA® XC, a hyaluronic acid dermal filler, has received FDA approval for treating moderate to severe temple hollowing in adults over 21, marking it as the first HA filler for this purpose. With effects lasting up to 13 months, clinical studies show significant improvement and patient satisfaction with facial symmetry post-treatment. This approval highlights Allergan Aesthetics' commitment to innovation in aesthetic treatments. - **Nivolumab in mUC**: The FDA approved nivolumab in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine for first-line treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma, based on significant improvements in survival outcomes from the CHECKMATE-901 trial. This expands nivolumab's indications, which include treatments for melanoma and lung cancer, among others, demonstrating its broad applicability in cancer treatment. - **Zanubrutinib in FL**: The FDA has granted accelerated approval to zanubrutinib and obinutuzumab for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma patients after two or more systemic therapies. This combination targets key pathways in B cell survival, offering a new treatment option for patients. Approval was based on the ROSEWOOD trial, highlighting significant patient outcome improvements. - **Donanemab and Alzheimer's**: The FDA has postponed the decision on the approval of Eli Lilly's donanemab for Alzheimer's treatment to convene an advisory meeting for further examination of safety and efficacy data, indicating a significant delay. This reflects the complex nature of Alzheimer's drug approval and Eli Lilly's confidence in donanemab's potential benefits. - **Tocilizumab Biosimilar**: Tyenne® (tocilizumab-aazg), the first FDA-approved biosimilar to Actemra® for various inflammatory diseases, is now available in both IV and subcutaneous formulations. This approval introduces a new treatment option for patients with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, emphasizing advancements in biosimilar medications. - **Denosumab Biosimilars**: The FDA approved Jubbonti and Wyost as interchangeable biosimilars to Prolia and Xgeva, respectively, marking a first for biosimilars targeting the RANKL inhibitor used in osteoporosis and cancer-related bone conditions. These approvals offer new treatment options for managing bone health, underlining the importance of biosimilar development in expanding patient care. - **Clobetasol Propionate Eye Drops**: The FDA's approval of clobetasol propionate 0.05% eye drops for post-operative eye inflammation and pain introduces the first ophthalmic formulation of this corticosteroid and the first new steroid in ophthalmology in over 15 years. Developed using proprietary nanoparticle technology for twice-daily dosing, this approval offers a new option for effective pain and inflammation management post-eye surgery.
Are you aware of the silent killer affecting over 10.2 million Americans? Join us for a riveting discussion with Patricia Donahue, an acute care nurse practitioner at the Kayal Orthopaedic Center, as we uncover the mystery of osteoporosis. Gain valuable insights on bone metabolism, the process of bone growth and turnover, and why it's crucial to build up our bone mass during our childhood and adolescent years.Discover the various tests that can be done to assess for osteopenia and osteoporosis, including the gold standard, the DEXA imaging test. Learn the importance of regular testing, especially for high-risk groups, in order to prevent fractures and maintain bone health. Patricia also sheds light on the difference between Z scores and T scores and how they help to identify the risks of developing osteoporosis.Finally, we explore the treatment options available for osteoporosis, including medications like bisphosphonates, RANKL inhibitors, and anabolic agents. Patricia emphasizes the need for monitoring vitamin D and calcium levels when starting medication treatment and the implications of stopping medications without proper transition. We also delve into the role of hormone replacement therapy and the use of the drug Evista in breast cancer patients with osteoporosis. Don't miss this informative conversation with an expert in the field of osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment. Support the show
Christopher R. Cahoon, PharmD defines the importance of optimizing bone health in patients with bone metastases and lytic lesions, describes preferred bone-targeted therapy for patients with malignancy-associated bone disease and discusses the safety limitations associated with bisphosphonates and RANKL inhibitors. For more pharmacy content, follow Mayo Clinic Pharmacy Residency Programs @MayoPharmRes or the host, Garrett E. Schramm, Pharm.D., @garrett_schramm on Twitter! You can also connect with the Mayo Clinic's School of Continuous Professional Development online at https://ce.mayo.edu/ or on Twitter @MayoMedEd.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.30.534893v1?rss=1 Authors: Carvalho, A. M., Silva, B., Pereira, F. B., Kim, H.-N., Almeida, M., Sardao, V. A. Abstract: Estrogen deficiency increases bone resorption and is a major contributor to osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of estrogen on osteoclasts remain unclear. This study aimed at elucidating the early metabolic effects of RANKL, the essential cytokine for osteoclastogenesis, and 17-beta-estradiol (E2) on osteoclast progenitor cells, using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and bone marrow-derived macrophages as biological models. RANKL stimulated complex I activity, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and mitochondria-derived ATP production, as early as 3 to 6 h. This up-regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics was associated with an increased capacity to oxidize TCA cycle substrates, fatty acids, and amino-acids. E2 inhibited all effects of RANKL on mitochondria metabolism. In the presence of RANKL, E2 also decreased cell number and stimulated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway, detected as early as 3h. Surprisingly, the pro-apoptotic effects of E2 were associated with an accumulation of p392S-p53 in mitochondria. These findings elucidate early effects of RANKL on osteoclast progenitor metabolism and suggest novel p53-mediated mechanisms that contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Die Volksanwältin Gaby Schwarz, Mario Kleber vom Planungsteam der Wälderhalle und die beiden Jobmesse-Partner Christian Zoll und Mag. Stefan Fitz-Rankl sind am Mittwoch zu Gast in "Vorarlberg LIVE".
Dr. Robert E. Marx is a retired Professor of Surgery, Chief of the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Chief of Surgery at Jackson South Medical Center. He is an active lecturer on topics for oral and maxillofacial surgery throughout the United States and abroad. Dr. Marx is also the Chief Scientific Consultant for the Stem Cell Division of Lenkbar Medical Devices.He has received numerous academic and research awards including the Donald B. Osbon Award as an educator, the Harry S. Archer Award for pioneering work in oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Paul Bert Award for research in Hyperbaric Medicine, the William J. Gies Award for Life Long contributions to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, and was awarded the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Research Recognition Award twice. Dr. Marx is also a decorated United States Air Force Veteran serving 13 years of active duty and nine years in the reserves including service in Operation Desert Storm. He has received numerous ribbons and citations including The Air Force Longevity Service Award, The National Defense Ribbon, Two Bronze Oak Left Clusters, The Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, The Reservist of the Year Award, and the Meritorious Service and Legion of Merit Awards. In addition to his many honors, Dr. Marx is known as the pioneer of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP). He was also one of four principal investigators who accomplished 20 years of preclinical research and 13 years of human trials to bring recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to a unanimous FDA approval. He was also the first practitioner to identify and alert the medical and dental professions of the bone toxic effect of bisphosphonates and RANKL inhibitors in both osteoporosis drugs and antiresorptive drugs for cancer patients. Dr. Marx has published more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific articles and 12 medical textbooks with his first edition of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology A Rationale for Diagnosis and Treatment together with oral and maxillofacial pathologist Dr. Diane Stern, was awarded the Medical Writers “Book of the Year” Award.He is also a published author with a series of fictional books such as “Deadly Prescription, Deadly Consequences, and Deadly Game the Horns of the Rhino”; a trilogy for those that seek to be thrilled. His newly published book “Replague: The Neanderthals' Revenge,” will take you through a weave of intrigue to discover the ultimate enemy – an ancient virus. He continues to educate the world with his series on “Hot Topics in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Denver Board Review Course, OMFS Pathology Review Course in its 45th year, and “Controversies in the World” with podcast episodes for the broad-minded listener.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.27.514052v1?rss=1 Authors: Whitlock, J. M., de Castro, L. F., Collins, M. T., Chernomordik, L. V., Boyce, A. M. Abstract: Metabolic bone diseases are a collection of disorders resulting in diminished skeletal integrity and changes in bone mass due to perturbations in the life-long process of bone remodeling. Perturbations in the number, size and nuclear multiplicity of osteoclasts underpin the development of diverse metabolic bone diseases that impact greater than 13% of adults over age 50 world-wide. Each metabolic bone disease (e.g., osteoporosis, Pagets disease, fibrous dysplasia (FD), osteopetrosis) presents with unique phenotypes, rises from distinct etiologies and progresses with disparate severities, but all are underpinned by a breakdown in osteoclast formation/function. These perturbations of osteoclast formation/function either stem from or cause dysfunctional osteoclast-osteoblast coordination. Unfortunately, a mechanistic understanding of osteoclast-osteoblast coordination and communication is lacking and represents a major barrier to understanding the biology underpinning bone remodeling and the development of effective treatments targeting this process. Here we have developed an inducible ex vivo culture model that models osteoclast-osteoblast coordination in the bone remodeling compartment. Doxycycline addition to cultures activates GsR201C expression and RANKL release from osteoprogenitors, which elicits the differentiation and fusion of neighboring preosteoclasts. In turn, multinucleated osteoclast formation promotes the proliferation of osteoprogenitors, accompanied by the robust release of RANK+ extracellular vesicles, all within ~4 days. This system recapitulates many aspects of the complex osteoclast-osteoblast coordination required for the function of the bone remodeling compartment in both health and diseases underpinned by excessive osteoclast formation. Moreover, based on the ease of isolation, culture, reproducibility and the general adaptability of these cultures to a variety of assays, we expect that this new model will expedite the investigation of osteoclast-osteoblast coordination and osteoclast fusion in bone remodeling and offer a powerful tool for evaluating signaling cascades and novel therapeutic interventions in osteoclast-linked skeletal disease. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Higher omega-3 levels linked with lower risk of death during 16-year period The Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium, April 28 2021. An analysis of prospective studies published on April 22, 2021 in Nature Communications uncovered a decreased risk of mortality during an average of 16 years among men and women who had higher red blood cell or plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids. The analysis was conducted by William S. Harris and The Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE). Dr Harris is a codeveloper of the Omega-3 Index, which measures omega 3 levels in red blood cell membranes. The team examined 17 prospective studies that evaluated associations between the risk of death from all causes and levels of the omega-3 fatty acids alpha linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA plus DHA. During the studies’ follow-up periods, 15,720 deaths occurred among a total of 42,466 men and women. Subjects whose EPA, DPA, DHA, and EPA plus DHA levels were among the top 10% of participants experienced a 9% to 13% reduction in mortality from all causes during follow-up compared to men and women whose levels were among the lowest 10%. When cause-specific mortality was examined, having EPA, DPA, DHA, or EPA plus DHA levels among the highest 10% was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality and mortality from all other causes combined (with the exception of the association between DHA and reduced cancer mortality, which was not considered significant). "Since all of these analyses were statistically adjusted for multiple personal and medical factors (i.e., age, sex, weight, smoking, diabetes, blood pressure, etc., plus blood omega-6 fatty acid levels), we believe that these are the strongest data published to date supporting the view that over the long-term, having higher blood omega-3 levels can help maintain better overall health," Dr Harris concluded. New study shows tree nuts may play a role in both weight loss and weight maintenance University of California at Los Angeles, May 4, 2021 In a randomized, controlled study* published online in the journal, Nutrients, researchers found that including mixed tree nuts in a weight management program resulted in significant weight loss and improved satiety. Researchers at UCLA compared 95 overweight/obese men and women (BMI 27.0-35.0 kg/m2) ages 30-68 years who consumed either 1.5 ounces of mixed tree nuts or a pretzel snack. Both snacks provided the same number of calories, as part of a hypocaloric weight loss diet (500 calories less than resting metabolic rate) over 12 weeks. This was followed by an isocaloric weight maintenance program for an additional 12 weeks. Participants experienced significant weight loss (12 weeks: -1.6 kg and -1.9 kg and 24 weeks: -1.5 kg and -1.4 kg) in the tree nut and pretzel snack groups, respectively. Both groups also showed a significant decrease in BMI at 12 weeks, compared to baseline. However, satiety was significantly higher at the end of week 24 in the mixed tree nut group, and there was a trend toward greater weight maintenance compared to the pretzel group. Moreover, the dropout rate was significantly lower in the mixed tree nut group (16.4%) compared to the pretzel (35.9%) group. And, heart rate was decreased significantly, compared to baseline, in those consuming tree nuts, but not pretzels. "Tree nuts (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts) are a great source of protein, healthy fats and fiber," explained lead researcher, Zhaoping Li, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Division of Clinical Nutrition at UCLA. "This makes them so satiating and may be a major reason why we saw less weight gain in the tree nut group during weight maintenance, and a significantly lower dropout rate compared to the pretzel group." Recent research has shown that more than 40 percent of Americans are overweight or obese.** During the past year many Americans have gained weight while sheltering in place, partly due to less exercise and more snacking. One study estimates a weight gain of 1.5 pounds per month.*** "We know most people get about 25% of their calories each day from snacks and a large proportion come from desserts, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets and salty snacks," states Dr. Li. "By replacing just one of those snacks with 1.5 ounces of tree nuts may result in a positive impact on weight and overall health." According to Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D.N, Executive Director of the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research & Education Foundation (INC NREF), "This latest study adds to a growing body of evidence showing that nut consumption may be a useful tool in weight management." Green tea compound and coconut oil may help improve depression in multiple sclerosis patients Catholic University of Valencia (Spain), April 30. 2021 According to news reporting originating from Valencia, Spain, research stated, “Multiple sclerosis (MS) is pathogenically characterized by high oxidative stress and symptomatically by progressive muscle loss and increased body fat associated with the presence of depression. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (particularly present in green tea) and ketone bodies (in particular beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)), whose main source is coconut oil, have shown emotional benefits and body fat loss.” The news journalists obtained a quote from the research from Catholic University of Valencia: “The aim of this study was to assess the impact of EGCG and coconut oil on cortisol activity related to fat loss and depression in MS patients. The study involved 51 MS patients who were randomly divided into an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group received 800 mg of EGCG and 60 mL of coconut oil, which were included in their daily diet for four months. The control group received placebo and all patients followed an isocaloric diet. A blood sample was collected before and after the four-month period, and levels of cortisol, albumin and BHB were measured in serum. In addition, immediately before and after the intervention, anthropometric variables were measured: waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass percentage, fat weight, total weight, and muscle mass percentage. Depression was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). No significant changes were obtained in cortisol levels in any of the groups, and there was a significant increase in albumin in the blood of the intervention group only that could lead to a decrease in serum free cortisol. In addition, it was observed a significant decrease in levels of depression and abdominal fat.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “EGCG combined with coconut oil increase the concentration of albumin in blood and produce less depression in MS patients.” Vulnerable older people at greater risk of depression and anxiety during pandemic University of Manchester (UK), May 5, 2021 Older people who are clinically vulnerable to COVID-19 are at greater risk of deterioration in health and social well-being during the pandemic, according to a new study. The research, published in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, found that older people were more likely to report worse health outcomes than those with no clinical vulnerabilities, including greater depression and anxiety and lower quality of life, even when taking into account pre-pandemic levels of health and social well-being. The findings highlight the need for policymakers to consider the mental and physical health consequences of the pandemic for those at higher risk from coronavirus, particularly for those asked to shield. Professor Debora Price from The University of Manchester and Dr. Giorgio Di Gessa from UCL compared data from 2020's English Longitudinal Study of Aging with data from the previous year. They analyzed responses from over 5000 people aged 52 and over in private households in England. The study revealed that during the pandemic, respondents classified as clinically vulnerable were more likely to report poor self-rated health, lower levels of physical activity, depression, anxiety, lower quality of life as well as loneliness and receipt of care, compared to those without clinical vulnerabilities. This was true within each age group. Among people in their 70s, the odds of being depressed and anxious for those clinically vulnerable were around 50% higher than for those without clinical vulnerabilities. Those in their 80s—regardless of clinical vulnerability—were much more likely to have unmet care needs and to have little contact with friends and family by text, email, or videocall. Although older adults' health and social well-being have been impacted by shielding, the researchers found that it was those who were clinically vulnerable and shielding who reported the most substantial rises in anxiety, depression, poor self-rated health and receipt of formal care, as well as decreases in well-being and physical activity. "Older people with underlying health conditions, even before the pandemic, faced challenges in terms of access to healthcare services and social contact," said Professor Debora Price. "They also experienced greater emotional distress, higher risk of loneliness and poorer quality of life than non-vulnerable individuals." "While policies focusing on shielding clinically vulnerable older people reduce rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19, policymakers need to acknowledge that there may be adverse consequences of this measure and address the wider needs of these vulnerable groups," added Dr. Giorgio Di Gessa. "It's vital that policymakers are aware that when advised to stay at home, a host of health and social risks for this group, already poor, are likely to be exacerbated." Researchers find obesity linked to reduced blood flow to the brain Trinity College Dublin (Ireland), May 5, 2021 A new study from scientists at The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA) at Trinity College Dublin reveals important findings, indicating that being overweight or obese significantly reduces blood flow in the brain. The study also shows that increased physical activity can positively modify, or even negate, this reduction in brain blood flow. The study contains relevant information which is of great interest to the general public; since reduced blood flow in the brain, or 'cerebral hypoperfusion," is an early mechanism in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Obesity and health challenges According to the World Health Organization (WHO), obesity is a worsening health crisis that has reached epidemic proportions globally, with over 1 billion adults overweight—and at least 300 million clinically obese. It continues to be a major contributor to global rates of chronic disease and disability, affecting overall quality of life, while placing increased strain on the immune system which is of the upmost importance given the current COVID-19 situation. Obesity is also a significant public health concern given its negative impact on physiological function, especially as we age. Finding easily implemented and cost-effective ways to tackle the impact of obesity is particularly important to help protect against negative health outcomes in later life. What are the findings of the TILDA study? The study investigates three different measures of obesity—body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference, as well as physical activity, in adults over 50 years. Brain blood flow was measured using cutting-edge MRI scanning and analysis techniques. The findings reveal that being overweight or obese is associated with reduced blood supply to the brain. Whereas brain blood flow is known to decline with age, in this study the negative influence of obesity on brain blood flow was shown to be greater than that of age. However, being physically active helps to cancel out the negative effects of obesity on brain blood flow. Key Findings ncreased BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist size are associated with less blood supply to the brain. A waist size increase of +1cm is associated with the same reduction in brain blood flow as +1 year of age. Higher levels of physical activity modify the associations between reduced brain blood flow and obesity. Recommendations The study recommends at least 1.5 to two hours of 'being active' throughout the day, engaging in activities that require moderate effort. These include activities that cause one to breathe harder than normal, such as fast walking or cycling. However, any increase in physical activity, particularly if integrated into daily or weekly habits, such as gardening, should help maintain and potentially improve brain blood flow. Dr. Silvin Knight, Research Fellow at TILDA and lead author, said: Consistent, healthy blood supply to the brain is critical, as it ensures that the brain is provided with enough oxygen and nutrients to function correctly. If brain blood flow becomes impaired, it can lead to serious health issues as we age, such as increasing the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. We know that obesity can predispose a person to age-related conditions, illness, and disease, and even reduce life expectancy by up to six years in men and seven years in women, after the age of forty. Our study reveals clear associations between obesity and reduced blood supply to the brain in an older population. The study also shows the importance of being physically active for older overweight or obese individuals, as this may help to protect against reduced brain blood flow and the poor health outcomes that can arise from this. Professor Rose Anne Kenny, Principal Investigator of TILDA, and co-author of the study, said: "Many experts have shown that obesity and aging have very similar effects on the biology of aging; diseases associated with obesity are similar to those of aging and age-related diseases—heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney failure, arthritis, susceptibility to infections- including COVID-19." Our study not only shows that there is a link between obesity and reduced brainblood flow, but also that it is possible to protect against the negative consequences of obesity through regular physical exercise. Whereas these findings are of relevance in the global context, because of the rapidly evolving global burden of obesity, the research is especially important to Irish adults because obesity and being overweight is a considerable health issue in Ireland. Previous TILDA research has shown that over one-third of Irish adults aged 50 and older are obese and a further 43% overweight. As we prepare our society for a growing aging population, we can use this evidence to prepare meaningful public health policies that will promote impactful and positive lifestyle habits, such as regular physical activity, to mitigate against some of the negative consequences of the growing obesity crisis. In silico screening of Chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, May 2, 2021 Objective In this study we execute a rational screen to identify Chinese medical herbs that are commonly used in treating viral respiratory infections and also contain compounds that might directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), an ongoing novel coronavirus that causes pneumonia. Methods There were two main steps in the screening process. In the first step we conducted a literature search for natural compounds that had been biologically confirmed as against sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Resulting compounds were cross-checked for listing in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Compounds meeting both requirements were subjected to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) evaluation to verify that oral administration would be effective. Next, a docking analysis was used to test whether the compound had the potential for direct 2019-nCoV protein interaction. In the second step we searched Chinese herbal databases to identify plants containing the selected compounds. Plants containing 2 or more of the compounds identified in our screen were then checked against the catalogue for classic herbal usage. Finally, network pharmacology analysis was used to predict the general in vivo effects of each selected herb. Results Of the natural compounds screened, 13 that exist in traditional Chinese medicines were also found to have potential anti-2019-nCoV activity. Further, 125 Chinese herbs were found to contain 2 or more of these 13 compounds. Of these 125 herbs, 26 are classically catalogued as treating viral respiratory infections. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that the general in vivo roles of these 26 herbal plants were related to regulating viral infection, immune/inflammation reactions and hypoxia response. Conclusion Of course, it should be pointed out that Chinese herbs that have not been identified through this screening process may still have beneficial effects. Further, considering that the biologically validated natural compounds reported in the literature cannot cover all antiviral natural compounds, and the natural compounds included in the Chinese medicine database are not complete, the process that we have followed may have excluded herbs that would be well suited to this treatment. Nevertheless, the purpose of this screening was to provide a rational approach for selecting Chinese herbal medicines with a high potential efficacy in treating 2019-nCoV and related viruses. The specific dosage and usage of each herb should be determined based on patients’ manifestations. Finally, the key step in this screening was molecular docking. The 3D structures of the proteins used here are based on reported gene sequences. If the virus mutates during transmission, a new screening is recommended. In conclusion, this work has identified several Chinese medicinal plants classified as antiviral/pneumonia-effective that might directly inhibit the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. Additionally, we propose screening principles and methods which may provide guidance in screening antiviral drugs from other natural drug databases. Ginkgolide B monotherapy reverses osteoporosis by regulating oxidative stress-mediated bone homeostasis Chinese University of Hong Kong, May 4, 2021 According to news reporting from Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China, research stated, “Osteoporosis is characterized by reductions in bone mass, which could be attributed to the dysregulation of bone homeostasis, such as the loss of balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Elevated levels of oxidative stress increase bone resorption by promoting osteoclastogenesis and inhibiting the osteogenesis.” The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, “Ginkgolide B (GB), a small natural molecule from Ginkgo biloba, has been reported to possess pharmacological activities by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aging-related degenerative diseases. Herein, we assessed the therapeutic effects of GB on the bone phenotypes of mice with osteoporosis induced by (I) aging, (II) ovariectomy, and (III) glucocorticoids. In all three animal models, oral gavage of GB significantly improved bone mass consistent with the increase in the OPG-to-RANKL ratio. In the in vitro experiments, GB promoted osteogenesis in aged mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and repressed osteoclastogenesis in aged macrophages by reducing ROS. The serum protein profile in GB-treated aged mice revealed moderate rejuvenating effects; signaling pathways associated with ROS were also regulated. The anabolic and anti-catabolic effects of GB were illustrated by the reduction in ROS. Our results indicate that GB is effective in treating osteoporosis.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “The use of GB in patients with osteoporosis is worthy of further clinical investigation.” This research has been peer-reviewed.
Ginger compound shows bone-protective properties Mie University (Japan), March 15, 2021 According to news originating from Tsu, Japan, research stated, “Osteoporosis is the most common aging-associated bone disease and is caused by hyperactivation of osteoclastic activity. We previously reported that the hexane extract of ginger rhizome [ginger hexane extract (GHE)] could suppress receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells.” Our news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from Mie University: “However, the anti-osteoclastic components in GHE have not yet been identified. In this study, we separated GHE into several fractions using silica gel column chromatography and evaluated their effects on osteoclastogenesis using a RAW264.7 cell osteoclast differentiation assay (in vitro) and the zebrafish scale model of osteoporosis (in vivo). We identified that the fractions containing 10-gingerol suppressed osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. In zebrafish, GHE and 10-gingerol suppressed osteoclastogenesis in prednisolone-induced osteoporosis regenerated scales to promote normal regeneration. Gene expression analysis revealed that 10-gingerol suppressed osteoclast markers in RAW264.7 cells [osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor, dendrocyte-expressed seven transmembrane protein, and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (Mmp9)] and zebrafish scales [osteoclast-specific cathepsin K (CTSK), mmp2, and mmp9]. Interestingly, nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, a master transcription regulator of osteoclast differentiation upstream of the osteoclastic activators, was downregulated in zebrafish scales but showed no alteration in RAW264.7 cells.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “In addition, 10-gingerol inhibited CTSK activity under cell-free conditions. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that has found that 10-gingerol in GHE could suppress osteoclastic activity in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.” Mindfulness meditation improves quality of life in heart attack survivors Hacettepe University (Turkey), March 10, 2021 An eight-week programme of mindfulness meditation improves quality of life and reduces fear of activity in heart attack patients, according to research presented today at ESC Acute CardioVascular Care 2021, an online scientific congress of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).1 "A heart attack is a serious life-threatening event and survivors can suffer from low quality of life," said study author Dr. Canan Karadas of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. "One reason is a fear of movement, called kinesiophobia, which limits daily activity due to concerns of another heart attack." "Mindfulness refers to the mental state achieved by focusing awareness on the present moment, including thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations," continued Dr. Karadas. "It has drawn increasing attention for treating chronic conditions such as high blood pressure. Our study examined its effect on fatigue, kinesiophobia, and quality of life after an acute myocardial infarction." The study included 56 patients who had experienced a heart attack. The average age at enrolment was 55 years. Participants were randomly assigned to a mindfulness or control group for eight weeks. Patients in the control group attended one 15-minute individual education session on the structure and function of the heart, the coronary arteries, and diseases of the heart. Patients assigned to the mindfulness intervention attended an individual session which included a 15-minute description of the technique. This was followed by 15 minutes of supervised practice: patients were asked to sit comfortably on a chair with their backs straight and eyes closed. They were then instructed to breathe deeply - inhaling through the nose and exhaling through the mouth using the diaphragm - and focus on their breathing and the present moment. Participants received a recording of the instructions via WhatsApp and were asked to repeat the 15-minute session every day at home in a quiet room. Daily reminders (text messages or phone calls) were used to motivate patients to practice the meditation and to evaluate their compliance with the study protocol. Fatigue, kinesiophobia, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and weeks four, eight and 12 using the Piper Fatigue Scale, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart questionnaire, and MacNew Heart Disease Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire which examines patients' feelings about how their heart condition affects daily function overall and in three areas (physically, emotionally, and socially). At baseline, there were no differences in the three variables between the intervention and control groups. By week four, patients in the mindfulness group had less fear of movement compared to the control group - a benefit that was sustained at weeks eight and 12. Patients in the mindfulness group had better quality of life overall and in all three areas than those in the control group at week eight, while at week 12 they continued to report better emotional function. Measurements of fatigue did not vary between the two groups at any time point. Dr. Karadas noted that participants only reported mild fatigue at the beginning of the study which may explain why meditation did not have any impact. She said: "Our study shows that mindfulness can reduce fear of movement and improve quality of life in heart attack survivors, with effects extending beyond the completion of the intervention. One explanation may be that meditation replaces catastrophic thinking with positive thoughts, making patients feel less emotionally and physically vulnerable. The findings suggest that mindfulness may be considered in the rehabilitation of patients after a heart attack. These results are very encouraging but more studies are needed to confirm our findings." This TCM formula alters brain pathways to alleviate anxiety-like behavior Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, March 11, 2021 In a recent study, researchers at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine found that a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula known as xiao yao san (XYS) can alleviate anxiety-like behaviors in rats. They reported that XYS exerts its effects by altering the expression of genes involved in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. This pathway plays a role in the induction of chronic stress. The researchers reported their findings in an article published in the journal Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. XYS is an effective treatment for anxiety Xiao yao san means happy, carefree powder in TCM. Its most well-known use is as a treatment for menopausal anxiety and depression. Some reports also suggest that when combined with acupuncture and moxibustion, XYS relieves anxiety and depressionfollowing procedures such as placenta transplantation and test tube fertilization. According to TCM records, XYS is composed of eight different medicinal herbs, namely, Bupleurum chinense (Chinese thorow wax, chai hu), Angelica sinensis (female ginseng, dang gui), Paeonia lactiflora (white peony, bai shao), Atractylodes macrocephala (white atractylodes, bai zhu), Poria cocos (poria mushroom, fu ling), Zingiber officinale (ginger, sheng jiang), Mentha piperita (Chinese peppermint, bo he) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis(licorice, gan cao). Several clinical trials have found that the combination of these TCM herbs is more powerful than modern antidepressants. In their previous study, the researchers reported that XYS exerts anxiolytic effects in ratssubjected to two weeks of chronic immobilization stress (CIS). They hypothesized that these effects may be attributed to the influence of XYS on JNK, a stress-activated enzyme. Different types of stressors are known to activate the JNK signaling pathway, which can ultimately lead to cell damage and apoptosis. To test their hypothesis, the researchers employed 40 rats and divided them into five groups: the control group, which received deionized water; the model group, which also received deionized water; the SP600125 group, which underwent surgery; the per se group, which also underwent surgery; and the XYS group, which received 3.9 g/kg XYS daily. The researchers injected 1 percent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) citrate buffer solution and SP600125 separately and bilaterally into the rats (via the brain’s ventricular system) in the two surgery groups. They then subjected all the groups except for the control to 14 days of CIS. On Day 15, the researchers measured the bodyweight of the rats and subjected the animals to the elevated plus maze (EPM) and novelty suppressed feeding (NSF) tests. They then examined JNK signaling pathway indices, including phosphorylated JNK (P-JNK), JNK, phosphorylated c-Jun (P-c-Jun) and cytochrome C (cyt-C). The release of cyt-C into the cytosol of cells is said to trigger programmed cell death, or apoptosis. Based on body weight and behavioral analyses of the model rats, the researchers confirmed the successful induction of anxiety-like behaviors in the animals. They reported that CIS altered the expression of P-JNK, JNK and P-c-Jun in the hippocampus of the model rats. However, treatment with XYS and SP600125, a known JNK inhibitor, for 14 days changed rat body weight and behaviors, along with P-JNK, JNK and P-c-Jun expression levels, for the better. Both XYS and SP600125 had no effect on cyt-C. These results suggest that XYS reduces anxiety-like behaviors induced by CIS by inhibiting JNK signaling in the hippocampus. Electricity could help speed wound healing, new study shows Electrical impulses may help vessels more quickly get healing agents to injuries Ohio State University, March 11, 2021 Electric stimulation may be able to help blood vessels carry white blood cells and oxygen to wounds, speeding healing, a new study suggests. The study, published in the Royal Society of Chemistry journal Lab on a Chip, found that steady electrical stimulation generates increased permeability across blood vessels, providing new insight into the ways new blood vessels might grow. The electrical stimulation provided a constant voltage with an accompanying electric current in the presence of fluid flow. The findings indicate that stimulation increases permeability of the blood vessel - an important characteristic that can help wound-healing substances in the blood reach injuries more efficiently. "There was this speculation that blood vessels could grow better if you stimulated them electrically," said Shaurya Prakash, senior author of the study and associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at The Ohio State University. "And we found that the response of the cells in our blood vessel models shows significant promise towards changing the permeability of the vessels that can have positive outcomes for our ongoing work in wound healing." Blood vessels are crucial for wound healing: They thread throughout your body, carrying nutrients, cells and chemicals that can help control inflammation caused by an injury. Oxygen and white blood cells - which protect the body from foreign invaders - are two key components delivered by blood vessels. But when there is an injury - for example, a cut on your finger - the architecture of the blood vessels at the wound site are disrupted. That also interrupts the vessels' ability to help the wound heal. Blood vessels regrow on their own, almost like the branches of trees, without external sources of electricity, as part of the healing process. "And as the blood vessels begin to grow, they replenish the skin and cells and establish a healing barrier again," Prakash said. "But our question was: How do you make this process better and faster, and is there any benefit to doing that?" What they found, in laboratory tests performed using human cells, is that stimulating blood vessels with electricity showed a marked increase in blood vessel permeability, which is a physical marker suggestive of possible new vessel growth. "These initial findings are exciting, and the next phase of the work will require us to study if and how we can actually grow new vessels," Prakash said. Jon Song, co-author of the paper and associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Ohio State, said the results imply that one of the primary ways blood vessels work to heal injuries is by allowing molecules and cells to move across the vessels' walls. "And now we have better understanding for how electric stimulation can change the permeability across the vessel walls," Song said. "Let's say you have a cutaneous wound, like a paper cut, and your blood vessels are severed and that's why you have blood leaking out. What you need is a bunch of bloodborne cells to come to that place and exit out the blood vessel to initiate the wound repair." The study suggested that changes in blood vessel permeability could get those bloodborne cells to a wound site more quickly, though it did not explain the reasons why that happened. The study seemed to indicate that electricity affected the proteins that hold blood vessel cells together, but those results were not conclusive. The study is an extension of work by a broader team, led by Prakash, that previously showed electric bandages could help stimulate healing in wounded dogs. That work indicated that electrical stimulation might also help manage infections at wound sites - a phenomenon the researchers also hope to research further. Lower risk of brain injury for at-risk infants whose mothers consumed pomegranate juice Preliminary findings from a randomized controlled trial suggest pomegranate juice may provide neuroprotection in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction Brigham and Women's Hospital, March 11, 2021 Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is common and concerning, but few therapeutic options exist for pregnant mothers who receive this diagnosis. IUGR is a condition in which a baby in the womb is measuring small for its gestational age, often because of issues with the placenta, resulting in compromised or insufficient transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus. The developing fetal brain is particularly vulnerable to these effects. One out of every 10 babies is diagnosed with IUGR, and infants with IUGR are at increased risk of death and neurodevelopmental impairment. Recent research on polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice has suggested that it may help protect the brain from injury. In an exploratory, randomized, controlled clinical trial, supported by philanthropic funding and a gift from POM Wonderful, the largest grower and producer of fresh pomegranates and pomegranate juice in the United States, investigators at Brigham and Women's Hospital enrolled pregnant mothers whose infants were diagnosed with IUGR. The team found evidence that drinking pomegranate juice daily may reduce risk of brain injury in IUGR infants, especially during the third trimester when the infant brain may be particularly vulnerable. Findings are published in Scientific Reports. "There are dietary factors that may influence neuroprotection, especially in high-risk settings such as during labor and delivery," said co-author Terrie Inder, MBCHB, chair of the Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine at the Brigham. "We were intrigued by findings from preclinical research suggesting that polyphenols, which are found at high concentrations in pomegranate juice, might be highly protective. Our clinical trial provides the most promising evidence to date that polyphenols may provide protection from risk of brain injury in IUGR infants." "While exploratory, our results are promising and suggest that being able to intervene before birth may aid in protecting the newborn brain from the devastating effects of brain injury," said corresponding author Lillian G. Matthews, PhD, a neuroscientist at Monash Biomedical Imaging and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health in Australia. Prior to joining Monash, Matthews was at Harvard Medical School and the Brigham in the Department of Pediatric and Newborn Medicine, where she maintains a current affiliation. Polyphenols are part of a class of antioxidants found in certain foods and beverages, including almonds, berries, red wine and teas. Pomegranate juice is a particularly rich source of these molecules. Polyphenols are known to cross the blood-brain barrier, and studies in animal models have demonstrated protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases. For their clinical trial, Inder and colleagues recruited 99 pregnant mothers at the Brigham. The participants were randomly assigned to consume either 8 ounces of pomegranate juice or a polyphenol-free beverage matched for color, taste and calorie-count. Participants drank the juice daily from the time of enrollment until delivery. The team performed fetal MRI measurements on approximately half of the participants prior to mothers starting the juice regimen and found no evidence of fetal brain injury at that time. After delivery, neonatal MRI measurements showed that infants whose mothers consumed pomegranate juice were less likely to have brain injury compared to those randomized to placebo. Infants had lower risk of cortical grey matter injury and white matter injury. The team also found no evidence of ductal constriction, a potential safety concern. Given the exploratory nature of the study and its limited size, the authors caution that larger controlled trials are needed. The team also plans to continue studying infants enrolled in their study over the next 2-3 years to assess the infants' neurodevelopmental outcome. "Our neurodevelopmental follow-up studies are ongoing, and we encourage other investigators studying high-risk infant populations to consider the influence of polyphenols for neuroprotection," said Inder. "My dream is that we will one day be able to offer women a way to help shield their infant's brain from potential injury. In the meantime, we'll continue to follow participants to provide further insight into the potential clinical implications of prenatal pomegranate juice." Topical curcumin gel effective in treating burns and scalds David Geffen School of Medicine, March 14, 2021 What is the effect of Topical Curcumin Gel for treating burns and scalds? In a recent research paper, published in the open access journal BioDiscovery, Dr. Madalene Heng, Clinical Professor of Dermatology at the David Geffen School of Medicine, stresses that use of topical curcumin gel for treating skin problems, like burns and scalds, is very different, and appears to work more effectively, when compared to taking curcumin tablets by mouth for other conditions. "Curcumin gel appears to work much better when used on the skin because the gel preparation allows curcumin to penetrate the skin, inhibit phosphorylase kinase and reduce inflammation," explains Dr Heng. In this report, use of curcumin after burns and scalds were found to reduce the severity of the injury, lessen pain and inflammation, and improve healing with less than expected scarring, or even no scarring, of the affected skin. Dr. Heng reports her experience using curcumin gel on such injuries using three examples of patients treated after burns and scalds, and provides a detailed explanation why topical curcumin may work on such injuries. Curcumin is an ingredient found in the common spice turmeric. Turmeric has been used as a spice for centuries in many Eastern countries and gives well known dishes, such as curry, their typical yellow-gold color. The spice has also been used for cosmetic and medical purposes for just as long in these countries. In recent years, the medicinal value of curcumin has been the subject of intense scientific studies, with publication numbering in the thousands, looking into the possible beneficial effects of this natural product on many kinds of affliction in humans. This study published reports that topical curcumin gel applied soon after mild to moderate burns and scalds appears to be remarkably effective in relieving symptoms and improved healing of the affected skin. "When taken by mouth, curcumin is very poorly absorbed into the body, and may not work as well," notes Dr. Heng. "Nonetheless, our tests have shown that when the substance is used in a topical gel, the effect is notable." The author of the study believes that the effectiveness of curcumin gel on the skin - or topical curcumin - is related to its potent anti-inflammatory activity. Based on studies that she has done both in the laboratory and in patients over 25 years, the key to curcumin's effectiveness on burns and scalds is that it is a natural inhibitor of an enzyme called phosphorylase kinase. This enzyme in humans has many important functions, including its involvement in wound healing. Wound healing is the vital process that enables healing of tissues after injury. The process goes through a sequence of acute and chronic inflammatory events, during which there is redness, swelling, pain and then healing, often with scarring in the case of burns and scalds of the skin. The sequence is started by the release of phosphorylase kinase about 5 mins after injury, which activates over 200 genes that are involved in wound healing. Dr. Heng uses curcumin gel for burns, scalds and other skin conditions as complementary treatment, in addition to standard treatment usually recommended for such conditions. Psychedelic science holds promise for mainstream medicine University of Nevada, March 10, 2021 Psychedelic healing may sound like a fad from the Woodstock era, but it's a field of study that's gaining traction in the medical community as an effective treatment option for a growing number of mental health conditions. While the study of psychedelics as medicine is inching toward the mainstream, it still remains somewhat controversial. Psychedelics have struggled to shake a 'counterculture' perception that was born in the 1960s, a view that had stymied scientific study of them for more than 50 years. But that perception is slowly changing. Mounting research suggests that controlled treatment with psychedelics like psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, and MDMA—better known as ecstasy—may be effective options for people suffering from PTSD, anxiety disorders, and depression. The U.S. Food & Drug Administration recently granted 'breakthrough therapy' status to study the medical benefits of psychedelics. And two years ago this month, the FDA approved a psychedelic drug—esketamine—to treat depression. An increasing number of states and municipalities are also grappling with calls to decriminalize psychedelic drugs, a move that UNLV neuroscientist Dustin Hines says could further the recent renaissance in psychedelic science. "The resurgence in interest in psychedelic medicine is likely related to multiple factors, including decreasing societal stigma regarding drugs like hallucinogens and cannabis, increasing awareness of the potential therapeutic compounds found naturally occurring in plants and fungi, and the growing mental health crisis our nation faces," says Hines. "Because of the intersection between the great need for innovation and wider social acceptance, researchers have started to explore psychedelics as novel treatments for depressive disorders, including work with compounds that have been used for millennia." In the Hines lab at UNLV, husband and wife researchers Dustin and Rochelle Hines are uncovering how psychedelics affect brain activity. Their work, published recently in Nature: Scientific Reports, shows a strong connection in rodent models between brain activity and behaviors resulting from psychedelic treatment, a step forward in the quest to better understand their potential therapeutic effects. We caught up with the Hineses to learn more about the evolution of psychedelic science—which actually dates back thousands of years—their research (which doesn't date back as long), misconceptions about this emerging field of study, and what to expect next. The scientific study of psychedelics holds great promise for people suffering with mental illness. Where do we stand? Dustin Hines: It's estimated that 1 in 5 American adults suffer from some type of mental illness. And while not all require pharmacological treatment, unfortunately there's been limited progress in advancing novel therapies for depressive disorders in 50 or more years. Rochelle Hines: It's also worth noting that available therapies for major depression are only effective in specific segments of the depressed population. That's what makes the study of psychedelic compounds so fascinating. Recent clinical studies have empirically demonstrated that these compounds can exert rapid antidepressant effects—essentially bringing into the clinic a practice that Mesoamerican and other cultures have used for thousands of years. But there are still quite a few regulatory barriers that limit even research use of psychedelics. We're hopeful that as the public view of psychedelic compounds changes, so too will the federal regulations that currently govern their study. Current therapies for mental health disorders can take weeks to become effective. Recent research, including your own, shows the potential for psychedelic compounds to work much more quickly. What do we know about how this happens? Rochelle: Clinical research on the use of psychedelics as therapeutics suggests that they work by altering the connectivity, or communication, between brain regions. Multiple studies suggest that the connectivity of cortical sensory regions and other brain areas is strengthened. Studies have also reported alterations in the patterns of brain activity during psychedelic treatment in patients with depression. Dustin: Our recent studies support the evidence for changes in patterns of brain activity, and provide additional detail into specific patterns of brain activity that are generated during psychedelic treatment. The brain activity patterns that we've characterized are related to specific behaviors known to occur following treatment with psychedelic hallucinogens. These findings support the idea that generation of specific brain activity patterns may be a key aspect of the beneficial effects that psychedelic compounds exert. In your research, you discuss the long history of hallucinogens for ritualistic practices. What did these cultures know that we don't, and how does your work draw upon this ancient evidence? Rochelle: Modern medicine—which includes our research team—is reinvestigating psychedelic practices with a 5,000-plus year history. Mesoamerican practitioners are known to engage in specific processes that were honed over millennia of skilled use, often including the addition of nicotine to their ritualistic and therapeutic practices with psychedelics. At present, very little research has investigated the synergistic effects of psychedelics and nicotine. Dustin: Despite this long history and recent clinical promise, we still really don't know just how these drugs actually work on the brain to influence mood. This knowledge is essential to optimize their therapeutic potential. In our study of brain activity in a rodent model, we found that nicotine enhanced both the brain's slow waveform as well as behavioral arrest, both hallmark aspects of the response to psychedelic hallucinogens. We're now working on studies examining the synergy between psychedelics and nicotine, and whether nicotine enhances the anti-depressant effects of psychedelics. Rochelle: We're also investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the specific changes in brain activity following treatment with psychedelics. With this understanding, we may be able to further refine the clinical utility, applicability, and efficacy of psychedelic hallucinogens as medicines. As researchers who study the possible therapeutic benefits of psychedelics, what are some of the biggest misconceptions you've encountered? How can further scientific study combat them? Dustin: Microdosing of psychedelics—where users gain benefit, though not the prototypical "high" from small amounts the drugs is a practice that's been in the news a lot lately. While there are some data suggesting that low doses can exert beneficial effects, the idea that a person can purchase controlled substances without clarity on the content of psychoactive ingredients and regulate their own dosing with precision is in my opinion misguided. By conducting research to examine both purified and synthetic compounds, we can more accurately establish dosing. Rochelle: There's a long-standing belief that these drugs are addictive. However, much of the research suggests that these drugs don't result in maladaptive patterns of substance use behavior. To the contrary, some research actually suggests that these compounds may be effective in treating substance use disorders. More research on the effects of these compounds in models may provide better clarity on not only the acute effects, but the effects of repeated dosing. Dustin: An important point to drive home with all of this is that psychedelics are powerful psychoactive drugs, and they should not be used for therapeutic purposes without an experienced practitioner. The context surrounding the use of psychedelics as a therapy is emerging, but further research into the clinical use of psychedelics is needed to establish procedures and protocols that we hope will ultimately support positive outcomes for patients.
A new effect of red ginseng: suppression of lung cancer metastasis KIST Gangneung Institute (South Korea), March 3, 2021 Red ginseng, which has long been used as an ingredient in traditional Korean medicine, has recently drawn increased attention as a functional material for its health-promoting effects. The composition and activities of red ginseng vary depending on the processing method, and this has become an active area of research. Recently, a research team in Korea has entered the spotlight as they discovered that red ginseng has inhibitory effects against lung cancer metastasis. The Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) reported that a joint study conducted by Dr. Jungyeob Ham from the Natural Product Research Center at the KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products and Dr. Hyeonseok Ko of Seoul Asan Medical Center revealed that two components of red ginseng, Rk1 and Rg5, can significantly suppress lung cancer metastasis. Dr. Ham of KIST developed a new microwave processing method for red ginseng that is based on the same principle as a microwave oven, which when compared to existing processing methods, such as repetitive steaming and drying, increases the concentration of the three main active components, Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5, more than 20 times. The research team previously demonstrated that red ginseng produced by this microwave processing method, which they have called KMxG, is effective against prostate, cervical, and skin cancers, and has protective effects against by drug-induced kidney damage. This technology was transferred to Ponin Bio Co., Ltd. in 2020 for a technology fee of KRW 800 million and is currently being developed for commercialization. Unlike normal cells, which die when separated from their original tissue, cancer cells can spread to other tissues where they invade and grow, in a process called metastasis. TGF-β1, a cytokine protein that functions as a signaling substance in the body, induces lung cancer metastasis and promotes the development of stem cell-like properties in cancer cells. The KIST research team treated lung cancer cells with Rk1 and Rg5, the main components of KMxG red ginseng and showed that both components effectively inhibited various processes related to cancer metastasis induced by TGF-β1. "Although components of red ginseng previously have been shown to kill cancer cells, this study proved that these components of red ginseng have other anti-cancer effects and can inhibit lung cancer metastasis. This provides scientific evidence that may lead to the future development of anti-cancer drugs derived from natural products," remarked Dr. Ham. He added, "Because we can control the active ingredient contents of red ginseng by using microwave processing methods like the one that produced KMxG, it may be possible to develop customized functional materials for various diseases." Intermittent fasting promotes anti-anxiety effects Federal University of Porto Alegre (Brazil), February 28, 2021 According to news reporting originating from Porto Alegre, Brazil, research stated, “Anxiety disorders are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased neurotrophic support. Since anxiolytic drugs target mitochondria, non-pharmacological approaches to improve mitochondrial metabolism such as intermittent fasting (IF) may cause parallel behavioral benefits against anxiety disorders.” Our news editors obtained a quote from the research from Federal University, “Here, we investigated whether a chronic IF regimen could induce anxiolytic-like effects concomitantly to modulation in mitochondrial bioenergetics and trophic signaling in mice brain. A total of 44 Male C57BL/6 J mice (180 days old) were assigned to two dietary regimens: a normal, ad libitum diet (AL group) and an alternate-day fasting (IF group), where animals underwent 10 cycles of 24 h food restriction followed by 24 h ad libitum access. Animals underwent the open field test, dark/light box and elevated plus maze tasks. Isolated nerve terminals were obtained from mice brain and used for mitochondrial respirometry, hydrogen peroxide production and assessment of membrane potential dynamics, calcium handling and western blotting. We showed that IF significantly alters total daily food intake and food consumption patterns but not body weight. There were no differences in the exploratory and locomotory parameters. Remarkably, animals from IF showed decreased anxiety-like behavior. Mitochondrial metabolic responses in different coupling states and parameters linked with HO production, Ca buffering and electric gradient were not different between groups. Finally, no alterations in molecular indicators of apoptotic death (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio) and neuroplasticity (proBDNF/BDNF and synaptophysin were observed).” According to the news editors, the research concluded: “IF exerts anxiolytic-like effect not associated with modulation in synaptic neuronergetics or expression of neurotrophic proteins. These results highlight a potential benefit of intermittent fasting as a nutritional intervention in anxiety-related disorders.” This research has been peer-reviewed. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and less sitting reduce the risk of diabetes in older adults University of Oulu (Finland), February 26, 2021 According to a recent study, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and less sedentary time improve glucose metabolism and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in older adults. Based on the results, it is important to encourage older adults to avoid sedentary time and increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to improve their glucose metabolism. The study is part of the population-based Oulu1945 survey conducted in 2013–2015 by the University of Oulu and Oulu Deaconess Institute's Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Finland. The survey involved a total of 660 Oulu residents born in 1945 and between the ages of 67 and 69, at that time. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured with a wrist-worn accelerometer for a period of two weeks, and the glucose metabolism was examined using an oral glucose tolerance test. The subjects were divided into the following four profiles based on the amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time: "couch potatoes," "light movers," "sedentary actives" and "actives." "Active" older adults had a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes than older adults in the 'couch potatoes' profile, one in two of whom were found to have a glucose metabolism disorder. The blood glucose and insulin concentrations in the 'active' profile were lower throughout the glucose tolerance test compared to those in the less physically active groups. Older adults in the 'active' profile had a better glucose tolerance and muscle insulin sensitivity than those in the 'couch potatoes' profile, both clear signs of a reduced risk of diabetes. "Previous surveys have suggested a link between older adults' physical activity and glucose metabolism, but the use of the accelerometer in studies involving older adults has been negligible. In this study, we were able to make a distinction between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time through accelerometry and to then profile the subjects on that basis in different activity profiles. We analyzed the association between the physical activity profile and glucose metabolism, which is a new perspective. By the activity profiles, we can see that, from the point of view of glucose metabolism, physical activity alone is not enough: you should be active and potter about throughout the day," says researcher Miia Länsitie. The risk of glucose metabolism disorders increases significantly in older age, making it essential to find ways to prevent diabetes in older adults. Based on this study, an active lifestyle, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and limited sedentary time, also promotes older adults' glucose metabolism and can play a significant role in preventing diabetes in older people. "Older adults with long-term illnesses or functional limitations, who may find it impossible to achieve the recommended level of physical activity, should spend less time sitting down and more pottering about every day to enhance their glucose metabolism," Länsitie says. The right '5-a-day' mix is 2 fruit and 3 vegetable servings for longer life Harvard Medical School, March 1, 2021 Studies representing nearly 2 million adults worldwide show that eating about five daily servings of fruits and vegetables, in which 2 are fruits and 3 are vegetables, is likely the optimal amount for a longer life, according to new research published today in the American Heart Association’s flagship journal Circulation. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables help reduce risk for numerous chronic health conditions that are leading causes of death, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Yet, only about one in 10 adults eat enough fruits or vegetables, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “While groups like the American Heart Association recommend four to five servings each of fruits and vegetables daily, consumers likely get inconsistent messages about what defines optimal daily intake of fruits and vegetables such as the recommended amount, and which foods to include and avoid,” said lead study author Dong D. Wang, M.D., Sc.D., an epidemiologist, nutritionist and a member of the medical faculty at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston. Wang and colleagues analyzed data from the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, two studies including more than 100,000 adults who were followed for up to 30 years. Both datasets included detailed dietary information repeatedly collected every two to four years. For this analysis, researchers also pooled data on fruit and vegetable intake and death from 26 studies that included about 1.9 million participants from 29 countries and territories in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Analysis of all studies, with a composite of more than 2 million participants, revealed: Intake of about five servings of fruits and vegetables daily was associated with the lowest risk of death. Eating more than five servings was not associated with additional benefit. Eating about two servings daily of fruits and three servings daily of vegetables was associated with the greatest longevity. Compared to those who consumed two servings of fruit and vegetables per day, participants who consumed five servings a day of fruits and vegetable had a 13% lower risk of death from all causes; a 12% lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke; a 10% lower risk of death from cancer; and a 35% lower risk of death from respiratory disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Not all foods that one might consider to be fruits and vegetables offered the same benefits. For example: Starchy vegetables, such as peas and corn, fruit juices and potatoes were not associated with reduced risk of death from all causes or specific chronic diseases. On the other hand, green leafy vegetables, including spinach, lettuce and kale, and fruit and vegetables rich in beta carotene and vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, berries and carrots, showed benefits. “Our analysis in the two cohorts of U.S. men and women yielded results similar to those from 26 cohorts around the world, which supports the biological plausibility of our findings and suggests these findings can be applied to broader populations,” Wang said. Wang said this study identifies an optimal intake level of fruits and vegetables and supports the evidence-based, succinct public health message of ‘5-a-day,’ meaning people should ideally consume five servings of fruit and vegetable each day. “This amount likely offers the most benefit in terms of prevention of major chronic disease and is a relatively achievable intake for the general public,” he said. “We also found that not all fruits and vegetables offer the same degree of benefit, even though current dietary recommendations generally treat all types of fruits and vegetables, including starchy vegetables, fruit juices and potatoes, the same.” A limitation of the research is that it is observational, showing an association between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of death; it does not confer a direct cause-and-effect relationship. “The American Heart Association recommends filling at least half your plate with fruits and vegetables at each meal,” said Anne Thorndike, M.D., M.P.H., chair of the American Heart Association’s nutrition committee and an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston. “This research provides strong evidence for the lifelong benefits of eating fruits and vegetables and suggests a goal amount to consume daily for ideal health. Fruits and vegetables are naturally packaged sources of nutrients that can be included in most meals and snacks, and they are essential for keeping our hearts and bodies healthy.” Mechanisms through which melatonin prevents osteoporosis explore Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (China), February 26, 2021 According to news reporting from Liaoning, People’s Republic of China, research stated, “Melatonin, secreted in a typical diurnal rhythm pattern, has been reported to prevent osteoporosis; however, its role in osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, the ability of melatonin to inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and the associated mechanism were investigated.” The news correspondents obtained a quote from the research from China Medical University, “Raw264.7 cells were cultured with RANKL (100 ng/ml) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF; 30 ng/ml) for 7 days, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to detect osteoclastogenesis following treatment with melatonin. In addition, the effect of melatonin on cathepsin K and microRNA (miR)-882 expression was investigated via western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Melatonin significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in Raw264.7 cells. From bioinformatics analysis, it was inferred that nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1/Rev-erb alpha) may be a target of miR-882. In vitro, melatonin upregulated Rev-erb alpha expression and downregulated miR-882 expression in the osteoclastogenesis model. Rev-erb alpha overexpression boosted the anti-osteoclastogenesis effects of melatonin, whereas miR-882 partially diminished these effects.” According to the news reporters, the research concluded: “The present results indicated that the miR-882/Rev-erb alpha axis may serve a vital role in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis following RANKL and M-CSF treatment, indicating that Rev-erb alpha agonism or miR-882 inhibition may represent mechanisms through which melatonin prevents osteoporosis.” This research has been peer-reviewed. Rhythm Of Breathing Key To Controlling Fear And Emotional Behavior Northwestern University, March 2, 2021 We live in a fearful world with exposure to a deluge of stressors every day. As much as fear is a result of reacting to the actual or perceived events in our lives, it is also a biological function of the human body, and when equipped with an understanding of how the body manages the emotional system, we can easily outsmart it, tricking ourselves into emotional balance. This perspective is scientifically validated by new research from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago Illinois, which discovered how the various rhythmic patterns of breath profoundly impact memory recall and the emotional body, specifically the fear response. The brain creates electrical impulses which link physical functions to emotional reactions, and the electrical activity of the brain is deeply affected by our breathing patterns. The outcome of this balance is determined by whether or not we are inhaling or exhaling, as well as if we are breathing through the nose or the mouth, as each variable creates a different electrical response within the brain. In the Northwestern study, participants were shown images of human expressions, some frightful, while engaging in various patterns of breathing. Researchers observed that people more easily process fear, and more readily recall images, while inhaling through the nose. One of the major findings in this study is that there is a dramatic difference in brain activity in the amygdala and hippocampus during inhalation compared with exhalation. When you breathe in, we discovered you are stimulating neurons in the olfactory cortex, amygdala and hippocampus, all across the limbic system. ~Christina Zelano, assistant professor of neurology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and lead author of the study The amygdala is decisively liked to the processing of emotions, especially those related to fear, while the hippocampus is strongly linked to memory recall, and the breath, which originates with the diaphragm, plays the critical role of regulating their function. Breathing is modulated at the diaphragm, and it is also the location where many physical symptoms associated with fear and anxiety manifest. ~Brett Wilbanks The differences in brain activity which occur during unique breathing rhythms were recognized by looking at brain activity during the introduction of fearful or surprising human faces, finding distinctively heightened activity during inhaling. Knowing this can be highly advantageous when you realize that your fear reaction is working overtime. We can potentially use this fact to our advantage. For example if you’re in a dangerous environment with fearful stimuli, our date indicate that you can respond more quickly if you are inhaling through your nose. ~Christina Zelano Furthermore, this further validates the importance of meditation, which commonly centers of developing control of the breath in order to quiet the mind and normalize physiological function in the body. The long-term results of a dedicated meditation practice include more stable and optimal emotional reactions to the world around us, indicating again that breathing is a critical component of living a fearless life. Study: Diet high in poor quality carbohydrates increases heart disease and death McMaster University (Ontario), February 28, 2021 A global study of people living on five continents has found a diet high in poor quality carbohydrates leads to a higher risk of heart attacks, strokes, and death. The higher risks of a diet high in poor quality carbohydrates, called a high glycemic diet, were similar whether people had previous cardiovascular disease or not. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine today, is the largest of a geographically and dietary diverse population on this issue, as previous studies have chiefly focused on high income Western countries. A total of 137,851 people aged 35 to 70 years old were followed for a median of 9.5 years through the Population Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study run by the Population Health Research Institute (PHRI) of McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences. The research team used food questionnaires to measure long term dietary intake of participants and estimate the glycemic index (the ranking of food based on their effect on blood-sugar levels) and glycemic load (the amount of carbohydrates in a food times its glycemic index) of diets. There were 8,780 deaths and 8,252 major cardiovascular events recorded among the participants during the follow-up period. The investigators categorized dietary intake of carbohydrates depending on whether specific types of carbohydrates increased blood sugars more than others (high glycemic index) and compared this index to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease or death. Those people consuming a diet in the highest 20 percent of glycemic index were 50 percent more likely to have a cardiovascular attack, stroke, or death if they had a pre-existing heart condition, or 20 percent more likely to have an event if they did not have a pre-existing condition. These risks were also higher among those people who were obese. "I have been studying the impact of high glycemic diets for many decades, and this study ratifies that the consumption of high amounts of poor quality carbohydrates is an issue worldwide," said first author David Jenkins, professor of nutritional sciences and medicine at the University of Toronto's Temerty Faculty of Medicine, who is also a scientist in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto. "PURE study papers have already indicated that not all carbohydrates foods are the same. Diets high in poor quality carbohydrates are associated with reduced longevity, while diets rich in high quality carbohydrates such as fruit, vegetables and legumes have beneficial effects," he said. PHRI research investigator Mahshid Dehghan added: "This study also makes it clear that among a diverse population, a diet low in both its glycemic index and load has a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and death." Most fruits, vegetables, beans, and intact whole grains have a low glycemic index, while white bread, rice, and potatoes have a high glycemic index. "The present data, along with prior publications from the PURE and several other studies, emphasize that consumption of poor quality of carbohydrates are likely to be more adverse than the consumption of most fats in the diet," said Salim Yusuf, senior author of the study. "This calls for a fundamental shift in our thinking of what types of diet are likely to be harmful and what types neutral or beneficial." Yusuf is also the principal investigator of the PURE study, executive director of the PHRI, and a professor of medicine at McMaster.
Bone HealthOsteoporosis diagnosis: DEXA scan T score of
In this episode, we review multiple-choice questions related to Bone Signaling & RANKL. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/orthobullets/message
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Bone Signaling & RANKL from the Basic Science section. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/orthobullets/message
Le forze ortodontiche non stimolano l'osteogenesi. Questo il risultato di due importanti ricerche che rivoluzionano il concetto di movimento ortodontico e di apertura della sutura palatina mediana.Al contrario, il movimento ortodontico si ottiene tramite infiammazione locale del tessuto connettivo. E' la cascata infiammatoria a provocare il reclutamento e l'attivazione degli osteoclasti i quali, a loro volta, innescano il fenomeno anabolico osteogenetico.PRIMO ARTICOLO:Mani Alikhania,b,c, Sarah Alansaria,b, Mohammed M. Al Jearahd, Niraj Gadhavia, Mohammad A. Hamidaddina,d, Fadwah A. Shembeshd, Chinapa Sangsuwona,d, Jeanne M. Nervinaa, Cristina C. TeixeiraBiphasic sutural response is key to palatal expansionJournal of the World Federation of Orthodontists , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , 9 - 17LINK:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2019.01.002SECONDO ARTICOLO:Inna Sydorak, Ming Dang, Sarah J Baxter, Michael Halcomb, Peter Ma, Sunil Kapila, Nan HatchMicrosphere controlled drug delivery for local control of tooth movement European Journal of Orthodontics, Volume 41, Issue 1, February 2019, Pages 1–8, LINK:https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy017*******Autori della puntata:Dr.ssa Thea TrombyDr. Tito Mattia Bordinowww.ortodonziapodcast.comtito.bordino@ortodonziapodcast.com
Le forze ortodontiche non stimolano l'osteogenesi. Questo il risultato di due importanti ricerche che rivoluzionano il concetto di movimento ortodontico e di apertura della sutura palatina mediana.Al contrario, il movimento ortodontico si ottiene tramite infiammazione locale del tessuto connettivo. E' la cascata infiammatoria a provocare il reclutamento e l'attivazione degli osteoclasti i quali, a loro volta, innescano il fenomeno anabolico osteogenetico.PRIMO ARTICOLO:Mani Alikhania,b,c, Sarah Alansaria,b, Mohammed M. Al Jearahd, Niraj Gadhavia, Mohammad A. Hamidaddina,d, Fadwah A. Shembeshd, Chinapa Sangsuwona,d, Jeanne M. Nervinaa, Cristina C. TeixeiraBiphasic sutural response is key to palatal expansionJournal of the World Federation of Orthodontists , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , 9 - 17LINK:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2019.01.002SECONDO ARTICOLO:Inna Sydorak, Ming Dang, Sarah J Baxter, Michael Halcomb, Peter Ma, Sunil Kapila, Nan HatchMicrosphere controlled drug delivery for local control of tooth movement European Journal of Orthodontics, Volume 41, Issue 1, February 2019, Pages 1–8, LINK:https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjy017*******Autori della puntata:Dr.ssa Thea TrombyDr. Tito Mattia Bordinowww.ortodonziapodcast.comtito.bordino@ortodonziapodcast.com
As we hit our late 30s, it's not unusual to are faced with new hormonal symptoms like hot flashes and mood changes. Cathy Margolin, L.Ac., explains how changes in diet and lifestyle can help you “Rock Your Menopause.” On today's episode we talk about… what's going on with your hormones & what you are doing to cause it how herbal medicine can help what the best hormone friendly foods are for dealing with symptoms of peri-menopause & menopause surprising and easy lifestyle changes you can make to ease symptoms the role water, and the source of water has in your estrogen levels how to honor your Yin as you transition to a new season in life Cathy Margolin is a Licensed Acupuncturist & Herbalist and Nationally Certified Diplomate of Oriental Medicine. Cathy has more than 30 years of experience in complimentary and alternative medicine. She is the founder of Pacific Herbs and the author of “Stop Your Bitching; A Step by Step Guide to Balance Hormones & End PMS & Menstrual Cramps …naturally.” Cathy's passion for health and herbal medicine has led her to develop the “Rock Your Menopause 21 Day Challenge*” A series of short videos that help achieve hormonal balance, in a natural way. Pacific Herbs website - https://www.pacherbs.com/ Purchase Cathy's book, “Stop Your Bitching; A Step by Step Guide to Balance Hormones & End PMS & Menstrual Cramps …naturally” - https://www.pacherbs.com/shop/ Study linking RANKL to breast cancer - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20881962 This is an affiliate link. We may receive a commission for purchases made through this link
In this episode, we review the high-yield topic of Bone Signaling & RANK ligand from the Basic Science section. Topic: www.orthobullets.com/basic-science/9010/bone-signaling-and-rankl Articles: "Osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, and osteoclast-based therapeutics" by Zaidi et al: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.4.599 "Cellular biology of bone-resorbing cells." by Athanasou: tinyurl.com/ybsd5yu3 "Stimulation of fracture-healing with systemic intermittent parathyroid hormone treatment." by Barnes et al: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292366 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/orthobullets/message
For more than 50 years we women have been sold birth control pills. I first came upon it when I was 21 years old. Having given birth to a little girl my second child—and I was concerned about not becoming pregnant again. At that time birth control pills were dolled out for free to women. You just showed up at the Margaret Sanger Clinic, then housed in a building at 17 W. 16th St in New York not far from where I lived. I went there believing this new discovery—the birth control pill—would prevent me from having any unwanted pregnancies in the future. I was given a container of pills and told to take one each day. Believing in this wondrous new discovery, I returned to my apartment and took the first pill. Within two or three hours I felt quite sick. But, trying to be a good girl, I persisted. Over the next three days I swallowed the second and third pill as well. I spent those three days sitting in my king-size bed literally moaning because I felt so unwell. It was at that point I realized that this marvelous new discovery was most certainly not for me. I never touched the birth control pill, or any other pharmaceutical akin to it from that day until this. Meanwhile, over the next 30 years "The Pill" became a worldwide success. Or so it seemed. In the early 1980s "Direct To Consumers" advertising came into being. Women everywhere began to be bombarded on television and in magazines with a lot of hyped information about a wide variety of birth control pills and other artificial drugs, all of which were full of artificial hormones. By now of course birth control pills have become a multi-billion dollar industry. In fact, 50% of all oral contraceptive drugs are now sold worldwide. There's no question that being able to take a pill to prevent pregnancy can be convenient. But at what cost to the health of any woman who takes them long term? It’s essential that women learn to balance the risks of taking these pharmaceuticals with their supposed great benefits and convenience. These days, contraceptives are offered in many forms. Most women are prescribed an IUD containing artificial hormones. These are widely used in the UK. Meanwhile, in a few European countries—from Denmark and Sweden to Norway and the Czech Republic—hormone-free intrauterine devices are available. Some of these non-hormonal products are given free in countries with universal government health insurance. In the United States, however, there is only one nonhormonal IUD. It's known as Paragard. And it is by no means the top seller. There all sorts of other products you can use for family planning. These include condoms, diaphragms, spermicides, and other non-hormonal birth control methods such as regular injections and permanent sterilization. So what's the problem? Let’s start here: In 2012 a huge study was carried out on Depo-Provera. This is a contraceptive injection based on an artificial hormone called a progestogen. It found that women who received prescribed shots of Depo-Provera every few months more than doubled their risk of developing breast cancer. Of course birth control is not the only reason that women take "The Pill." Many, especially teenagers, are prescribed "The Pill" in an attempt to make their experience of menstruation more bearable hopefully easing monthly cramps and helping to alleviate premenstrual syndrome. What few women regardless of age are aware of—especially young women—is that using artificial hormones, in the form of “The Pill” or any other form, which are doled out almost like candies these days, can seriously undermine their health long-term and do damage to their lives. Austrian geneticist Josef Penninger discovered that there is a dangerous connection between progestin—an artificial hormone used in many birth control pills—and conventional HRT significantly increases a woman’s risk of breast cancer. Researchers at the Institute of Molecular Biology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences have identified the mechanism that allows synthetic sex hormones to influence these cells. It can switch on a hormone in your body known as RANKL within the cells—especially your breast cells—which makes them divide and multiply. It can also prevent cells from dying as they are supposed to in order to make room for new healthier cells. And since stem cells in the breast have the ability to renew themselves, this can make you prone to breast cancer. As Penninger says, “I have to admit it completely surprised me just how massive the effects on the system were. Millions of women take progesterone derivatives in contraceptives and for hormonal replacement therapy.” There are lots of natural alternatives to clearing PMS and the monthly menstrual agonies that women—particularly young women—experience. Homeopathy, acupuncture, and chiropractors can be of tremendous help. Simply supplementing your diet with a good form of magnesium can make a huge difference. Steering clear of plastic water bottles that contain dangerous BPA (Bisphenol A) is also important. So can making simple changes in what you choose to eat, like avoiding packaged convenience foods of all kinds. For many women, just giving up cows milk products including cream, cow’s milk yogurt, and cows milk cheese makes a huge difference in clearing up cramps and PMS. Also, stay away from carbohydrates that come from grains and cereals and refuse to take sugar in any form. Sheep, goat, and buffalo milk make wonderful cheeses, yogurts, and other products. Finally, eat REAL FOODS—proteins from animals that have been raised on green grass, together with organic vegtables and a few fruits. Do this for as short a time as three weeks to a month, and your health can literally be transformed. Try it and find out for yourself.
For more than 50 years we women have been sold birth control pills. I first came upon it when I was 21 years old. Having given birth to a little girl my second child—and I was concerned about not becoming pregnant again. At that time birth control pills were dolled out for free to women. You just showed up at the Margaret Sanger Clinic, then housed in a building at 17 W. 16th St in New York not far from where I lived. I went there believing this new discovery—the birth control pill—would prevent me from having any unwanted pregnancies in the future. I was given a container of pills and told to take one each day. Believing in this wondrous new discovery, I returned to my apartment and took the first pill. Within two or three hours I felt quite sick. But, trying to be a good girl, I persisted. Over the next three days I swallowed the second and third pill as well. I spent those three days sitting in my king-size bed literally moaning because I felt so unwell. It was at that point I realized that this marvelous new discovery was most certainly not for me. I never touched the birth control pill, or any other pharmaceutical akin to it from that day until this. Meanwhile, over the next 30 years "The Pill" became a worldwide success. Or so it seemed. In the early 1980s "Direct To Consumers" advertising came into being. Women everywhere began to be bombarded on television and in magazines with a lot of hyped information about a wide variety of birth control pills and other artificial drugs, all of which were full of artificial hormones. By now of course birth control pills have become a multi-billion dollar industry. In fact, 50% of all oral contraceptive drugs are now sold worldwide. There's no question that being able to take a pill to prevent pregnancy can be convenient. But at what cost to the health of any woman who takes them long term? It’s essential that women learn to balance the risks of taking these pharmaceuticals with their supposed great benefits and convenience. These days, contraceptives are offered in many forms. Most women are prescribed an IUD containing artificial hormones. These are widely used in the UK. Meanwhile, in a few European countries—from Denmark and Sweden to Norway and the Czech Republic—hormone-free intrauterine devices are available. Some of these non-hormonal products are given free in countries with universal government health insurance. In the United States, however, there is only one nonhormonal IUD. It's known as Paragard. And it is by no means the top seller. There all sorts of other products you can use for family planning. These include condoms, diaphragms, spermicides, and other non-hormonal birth control methods such as regular injections and permanent sterilization. So what's the problem? Let’s start here: In 2012 a huge study was carried out on Depo-Provera. This is a contraceptive injection based on an artificial hormone called a progestogen. It found that women who received prescribed shots of Depo-Provera every few months more than doubled their risk of developing breast cancer. Of course birth control is not the only reason that women take "The Pill." Many, especially teenagers, are prescribed "The Pill" in an attempt to make their experience of menstruation more bearable hopefully easing monthly cramps and helping to alleviate premenstrual syndrome. What few women regardless of age are aware of—especially young women—is that using artificial hormones, in the form of “The Pill” or any other form, which are doled out almost like candies these days, can seriously undermine their health long-term and do damage to their lives. Austrian geneticist Josef Penninger discovered that there is a dangerous connection between progestin—an artificial hormone used in many birth control pills—and conventional HRT significantly increases a woman’s risk of breast cancer. Researchers at the Institute of Molecular Biology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences have identified the mechanism that allows synthetic sex hormones to influence these cells. It can switch on a hormone in your body known as RANKL within the cells—especially your breast cells—which makes them divide and multiply. It can also prevent cells from dying as they are supposed to in order to make room for new healthier cells. And since stem cells in the breast have the ability to renew themselves, this can make you prone to breast cancer. As Penninger says, “I have to admit it completely surprised me just how massive the effects on the system were. Millions of women take progesterone derivatives in contraceptives and for hormonal replacement therapy.” There are lots of natural alternatives to clearing PMS and the monthly menstrual agonies that women—particularly young women—experience. Homeopathy, acupuncture, and chiropractors can be of tremendous help. Simply supplementing your diet with a good form of magnesium can make a huge difference. Steering clear of plastic water bottles that contain dangerous BPA (Bisphenol A) is also important. So can making simple changes in what you choose to eat, like avoiding packaged convenience foods of all kinds. For many women, just giving up cows milk products including cream, cow’s milk yogurt, and cows milk cheese makes a huge difference in clearing up cramps and PMS. Also, stay away from carbohydrates that come from grains and cereals and refuse to take sugar in any form. Sheep, goat, and buffalo milk make wonderful cheeses, yogurts, and other products. Finally, eat REAL FOODS—proteins from animals that have been raised on green grass, together with organic vegtables and a few fruits. Do this for as short a time as three weeks to a month, and your health can literally be transformed. Try it and find out for yourself.
In Folge 9 steht die Watershed Bill kurz vor der Abstimmung und Frank fehlen nur noch wenige Stimmen, um sie im Kongress durchzukriegen. Zoe versucht sich derweil von ihm sexuell zu distanzieren und auch Claire fühlt sich genötigt gegen die Interessen ihres Ehemanns zu handeln. Peter Russo kriegt es währenddessen mit dem sturköpfigen Vizepräsidenten Matthews zu tun.Mehr zu Serien und Filmen gibt es auf Cinema Forever zu lesen!Bei iTunes oder als RSS-Feed abonnieren!
Folge 8 ruft die Geister der Vergangenheit. Frank bekommt auf dem Campus seiner alten Schule eine Bibliothek gewidmet und trifft alte Freunde, die verschüttete Gefühle wieder neu entfachen. Derweil kämpft Peter Russo um die Anerkennung seines ehemaligen besten Freundes und seiner Mutter.Mehr zu Serien und Filmen gibt es auf Cinema Forever zu lesen!Bei iTunes oder als RSS-Feed abonnieren!
In Folge 7 bereitet Frank Underwood seinen "Protegé" Peter Russo auf das Gouverneursrennen vor. Beichten müssen abgelegt, schmutzige Wäsche gewaschen und Geheimnisse geheim gehalten werden.Mehr zu Serien und Filmen gibt es auf Cinema Forever zu lesen!Bei iTunes oder als RSS-Feed abonnieren!
Der Streik erreicht seinen Höhepunkt und ebenfalls sein garstiges Ende und es ist so garstig wie nur Underwood es herbei führen kann. Armer Spinella! Wir mochten diesen heillosen Choleriker ja sehr, aber auf dem Weg nach oben, fallen eben nicht nur Späne.Ab der 72. Minute sprechen wir übrigens ausführlich über die aktuellen Trailer und Poster zur heiß erwarteten 2. Staffel. "There are two kinds of pain."Mehr zu Serien und Filmen gibt es auf Cinema Forever zu lesen!Bei iTunes oder als RSS-Feed abonnieren!
Der Lehrer_innen-Streik macht Frank das Leben schwer und Claires Spendengala steht auch auf dem Spiel. Doch nicht verzagen, FU fragen. In Chapter 5 lernen wir, dass oftmals die niedersten Bedürfnisse die saftigsten politischen Früchte tragen.Mehr zu Serien und Filmen gibt es auf Cinema Forever zu lesen!Bei iTunes oder als RSS-Feed abonnieren!
In 11 Tagen ist es soweit. Dann veröffentlicht Netflix die komplette 2. Staffel unserer Lieblingsserie. Sonja und Conrad sind zwar noch nicht wirklich mit der ersten Staffel durch, jedenfalls was das Podcasten angeht, aber die Vorfreude lässt sich dennoch kaum zügeln.Doch erstmal wird die 4. Folge genau unter die Lupe genommen. Frank Underwood spinnt eine Intrige. Wer hätte das gedacht?Mehr zu Serien und Filmen gibt es auf Cinema Forever zu lesen!Bei iTunes oder als RSS-Feed abonnieren!
Gestern wurde House of Cards mit mehreren Golden-Globe-Nominierungen gesegnet, u.a. für die Beste Drama-Serie. Zurecht, ohne Frage und die perfekte Gelegenheit für die zweite Folge unseres Podcasts.In "Chapter 2: Der Gesetzesentwurf" sprechen wir u.a. genauer über Zoe Barnes und vergleichen sie mit ihrem BBC-Original Mattie Storin, klopfen das Frauenbild der Serie genauer ab und erfreuen uns an Underwoods Intrigenspiel. Viel Vergnügen!Mehr zu Serien und Filmen gibt es auf Cinema Forever zu lesen!Bei iTunes oder als RSS-Feed abonnieren!
Im neuen Jahr geht es gleich weiter. Nur noch wenige Wochen liegen zwischen uns und der Veröffentlichung der 2. Staffel von House of Cards. Erstmal gibt es unsere ausführliche Analyse der 3. Folge auf die Ohren.Sonja und Conrad sprechen über den allgegenwärtigen Tod in "Chapter 3", über symbolische Bilder und anrüchige Skulpturen sowie die These, warum Politiker vielleicht doch die einzigen Götter sind. Have Fun!Mehr zu Serien und Filmen gibt es auf Cinema Forever zu lesen!Bei iTunes oder als RSS-Feed abonnieren!
Seit ein paar Wochen gibt es auch hierzulande die Netflix-Serie HOUSE OF CARDS im Free-TV zu sehen, die darüberhinaus am 17. Dezember bei uns auf Bluray und DVD erscheinen wird. Netflix- und Sky-Abonnent_innen kamen schon im Februar bzw. Mai in den Genuss dieser herausragenden Quality-Series über den Kongressabgeordneten Frank Underwood (Kevin Spacey) und seinen intriganten Weg nach oben.Zeit für einen Podcast also, dachten sich Moviepilotin Sonja Rankl aka Sonse und Blogger Conrad Mildner. Der House-of-Cast war geboren. Wir werden uns jede Episode einzeln vornehmen, werden eindringlich auf Kevin Spacey zu sprechen kommen und immer wieder Vergleiche zur britischen Originalserie aus den 90er Jahren ziehen.In der ersten Folge unseres Podcasts geht es u.a. um die Auftaktepisode der Serie, inszeniert von Kult-Regisseur David Fincher. Viel Spaß!Inhalt:0:00:00 - Intro0:00:51 - Liebesgrüße an Kevin Spacey0:03:22 - Das BBC-Original & die Entstehung der Serien0:24:07 - Chapter 1: Das Spiel beginnt...1:34:32 - "You might very well think that, I could'nt possibly comment."Mehr zu Serien, Filmen und Co. gibt es auf CinemaForever zu lesen!
Medizinische Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 13/19
Mon, 23 Jan 2012 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13985/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13985/2/Radic_Tamara.pdf Radic, Tamara ddc:61
Tierärztliche Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 05/07
Because of the tremendous need for transgenic large animal models for human diseases, the process of SCNT is a crucial step in transgenic pig production. In our study, we evaluated the particular steps during the production for their impact on the efficiency of cloning transgenic pigs. For this purpose, statistical analysis was performed for all SCNT data from the years 2006 until June 2010. The RANKL transgenic osteoporosis model was chosen for an example for the production steps needed to finally achieve a disease model, to elucidate pitfalls and chances of SCNT procedure. In total 151 in vivo SCNT experiments using different transgenic cell lines were carried out, resulting in 243 piglets and fetuses. Statistical analysis revealed that donor cells treated exclusively in our laboratory had a significant better birth rate than donor cell originated of other laboratories. Furthermore, there was a significant relation between number of transferred NT embryos and later pregnancy checks, birth rate and abortion rate. The more NT embryos were transferred, the more pregnancies finished to terms. It was also elucidated that in our studies a different in vitro culture time of 24 or 48 hours had no significant impact on the outcome like pregnancy or birth rate. Seasonal changes during the years had no significant influence on pregnancy rate, birth or abortion. But there was a strong tendency that autumn showed best performance of all seasons, and most pregnancies were lost after embryo transfers during the summer. All these findings will be integrated in future in vivo SCNT experiments and embryo transfers. For the production of a transgenic osteoporosis model 17 in vivo experiments took place so far, with an outcome of 4 fetuses and 25 piglets. For gaining a controllable expression of RANKL, it was necessary to establish double transgenic pigs to sidestep harmful effects of RANKL overexpression during the fetal development. First attempts to integrate both genes, tetracycline controlled transactivator (Tet-On) and RANKL, in a single step of cell transfection and SCNT, had no satisfying result. We obtained 4 fetuses and stillborn recloned piglets carrying both genes, but they showed only expression of Tet-On and it was impossible to induce RANKL overexpression. Therefore the strategy was changed in favor to two rounds of transfection and nuclear transfer. First Tet-On transgenic piglets were established and screened for integration and expression. Piglet 9894 showed the best expression and severed as donor for next cell transfection step. These Tet-On + TARE RANKL cells were in vitro tested for their inducibility. Thereafter SCNT and embryo transfer of the best candidate were performed and they resulted in 4 pregnancies which all finished to term. One double transgenic piglet could be raised and will be kept until adulthood to establish a line of Tet-On +TARE RANKL transgenic pigs. Importantly, this founder animal showed inducible RANKL overexpression. Other constructs might be based on the existing Tet-On cell line in the future, offering an inducible system for a broad variety of different transgenes. Thus a functional Tet-On system in the pig is reported for the first time.
Tierärztliche Fakultät - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/07
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Eutergesundheit und dem Energiestoffwechsel des Milchrinds im peripartalen Zeitraum unter Berücksichtigung des Melksystems untersucht. Um die Eutergesundheit zu charakterisieren, wurden u. a. Differentialzellbilder der Milch mit der von RANKL (2004) beschriebenen indirekten Methode der Immunfluoreszenzfärbung erstellt. Als Parameter zur Beurteilung der Eutergesundheit wurden die klinische Untersuchung des Euters, die Sekretuntersuchung (grobsinnlich, Schalm-Mastitis-Test und bakteriologische Untersuchung), der somatische Zellgehalt, pH-Wert und das Differentialzellbild der Milch gewählt. Die Beurteilung der Stoffwechselsituation erfolgte anhand der Tagesmilchmenge, der Milchinhaltsstoffe Fett, Eiweiß, Harnstoff und Laktose, des Fett-Eiweiß-Quotienten (FEQ) der Milch sowie der Blutparameter Bilirubin, Alkalische Phosphatase (AP), Aspartat-Amino-Transferase (AST), Creatinkinase (CK), γ-Glutamyl-Transferase (GGT), Glutamat-Dehydrogenase (GLDH), Freie Fettsäuren (FFS), β-Hydroxybutyrat (BHB) und Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I). Desweiteren wurde die Körperkondition mittels Body Condition Score (BCS) und sonographischer Messung der Rückenfettdicke (RFD) und Muskeldicke (MD) bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse führten zu dem Schluss, dass Veränderungen von Parametern des Energiestoffwechsels während des peripartalen Zeitraums mit der Eutergesundheit beim Milchrind und der Zusammensetzung des Differentialzellbilds in Beziehung stehen. Konzentrationsänderungen von v.a. Bilirubin, aber auch von AP, AST, GLDH und BHB gingen mit einer Veränderung der einzelnen Komponenten im Differentialzellbild einher. Dabei korrelierte ein Anstieg der Bilirubinkonzentration mit Veränderungen von drei der vier Zellkomponenten: Makrophagen- und Epithelzellen-Anteil im Differentialzellbild stiegen an, der Lymphozyten-Anteil nahm ab.
© 2020-2025 Ivy Podcast Discovery LLC
