Podcasts about cfd

Jarosław Koczyński (HowSmart) - opowiada o prawdziwej rewolucji na polskim rynku nieruchomości, jaką są w pełni wyposażone, całoroczne domy mobilne. W tym materiale rozmawiamy o tym, dlaczego gotowy budynek, transportowany w jednym kawałku na działkę, jest świetną i często tańszą alternatywą dla mieszkania w bloku, z cenami zaczynającymi się od 250 tysięcy złotych. Wyjaśniamy również, jak mobilność takich konstrukcji pozwala inwestorom na swobodne przenoszenie biznesu w zależności od sezonu oraz w jaki sposób ułatwia to zagospodarowanie problematycznych działek, na których nowe plany ogólne blokują tradycyjną zabudowę.https://howsmart.pl/Materiał powstał dzięki płatnej współpracy z marką HowSmart.Realizacja nagrań w całej Polsce jest możliwa dzięki wsparciu partnerów.Partnerami są:✅ SeoHost.pl - zarabiaj polecając następnego lidera hostingu w Polsce.❗KOD RABATOWY: BODP - 50% zniżki na aktywację nowych serwerów.https://seohost.pl ✅ Cool Brand - nowoczesne strony, sklepy internetowe i dedykowane rozwiązania IT dla biznesu.https://coolbrand.pl/ ✅ Sprawdź ofertę OANDA TMS Brokers i inwestuj inteligentnie: https://go.tms.pl/BiznesOdPoczatku 75% rachunków inwestorów detalicznych odnotowuje straty pieniężne w wyniku handlu kontraktami CFD u niniejszego dostawcy. Zastanów się, czy możesz pozwolić sobie na wysokie ryzyko utraty twoich pieniędzy. ✅ Fortum - prąd i gaz dla firm.https://www.fortum.pl/Kontakt w sprawie współpracy (Kanał Biznes Od Początku):

Many people picture a power purchase agreement as a 15-year mega-deal between a tech giant and a solar farm. In reality, 99% of UK PPAs look nothing like that. Power purchase agreements now sit behind a growing chunk of how the UK's electricity supply is sourced, and getting the price wrong could mean getting locked in well above the market rate for years.Ed sits down with Rob Ogden, Founder and CEO of Renewable Exchange - one of the UK's largest PPA marketplaces - to unpack how PPAs are actually priced, why REGO certificate prices have swung from over £20 to just a few pence, and what happens to Europe's ageing wind fleet as 20-year subsidies run out and thousands of turbines are pushed onto the merchant market.They cover:Why the "blue-chip" corporate PPA is the exception in a UK market dominated by short-term utility contracts, and how subsidy schemes from NFFO to CfD shaped that split.How negative and volatile power prices are forcing generators and off-takers to rethink how PPAs are priced and structured.The lessons from Covid and the Ukraine energy crisis on why locking into a 15-year PPA carries real pricing risk.Why matching thousands of small renewable generators with energy suppliers is such a hard problem to solve, and what it takes to build pricing infrastructure that can handle PPA demand spiking overnight.Why REGO prices have swung from over £20 to just a few pence, and the case for moving to 24/7 REGO matching.Want to see what future power prices look like right now? Head to Modo Energy and ask Ko, Modo Energy's AI analyst — sign-up's free and takes seconds.Transcript available here.Chapters00:00 Introduction: Is Your "100% Green" Tariff Really Green?01:15 What People Get Wrong About Power Purchase Agreements03:45 UK Power Purchase Agreement Market Structure04:57 UK Renewable Subsidy History: NFFO, RO, FiT and CfD07:16 PPA Regret: Negative Pricing and Value Erosion09:49 Long-Term PPA Risk Through Covid and the Ukraine Crisis14:32 Hybrid PPA and Flexibility Contract Structures17:46 Renewable Exchange Origin Story: The Aberdeenshire Wind Farmers19:53 Platform Scaling Pains: Rebuilding Three Times22:41 Renewable Exchange's Impact on Consumer Energy Costs24:30 Co-Located Solar and Battery Revenue Streams26:58 REGO Explained: Renewable Energy Guarantee of Origin32:16 The Case for 24/7 REGO Matching36:27 Expanding to Germany: Legacy Wind Assets and Repowering41:13 Contrarian Take: Ending Renewable Energy Subsidies

Many people picture a power purchase agreement as a 15-year mega-deal between a tech giant and a solar farm. In reality, 99% of UK PPAs look nothing like that. Power purchase agreements now sit behind a growing chunk of how the UK's electricity supply is sourced, and getting the price wrong could mean getting locked in well above the market rate for years.Ed sits down with Rob Ogden, Founder and CEO of Renewable Exchange - one of the UK's largest PPA marketplaces - to unpack how PPAs are actually priced, why REGO certificate prices have swung from over £20 to just a few pence, and what happens to Europe's ageing wind fleet as 20-year subsidies run out and thousands of turbines are pushed onto the merchant market.They cover:Why the "blue-chip" corporate PPA is the exception in a UK market dominated by short-term utility contracts, and how subsidy schemes from NFFO to CfD shaped that split.How negative and volatile power prices are forcing generators and off-takers to rethink how PPAs are priced and structured.The lessons from Covid and the Ukraine energy crisis on why locking into a 15-year PPA carries real pricing risk.Why matching thousands of small renewable generators with energy suppliers is such a hard problem to solve, and what it takes to build pricing infrastructure that can handle PPA demand spiking overnight.Why REGO prices have swung from over £20 to just a few pence, and the case for moving to 24/7 REGO matching.Want to see what future power prices look like right now? Head to Modo Energy and ask Ko, Modo Energy's AI analyst — sign-up's free and takes seconds.Chapters00:00 Introduction: Is Your "100% Green" Tariff Really Green?01:15 What People Get Wrong About Power Purchase Agreements03:45 UK Power Purchase Agreement Market Structure04:57 UK Renewable Subsidy History: NFFO, RO, FiT and CfD07:16 PPA Regret: Negative Pricing and Value Erosion09:49 Long-Term PPA Risk Through Covid and the Ukraine Crisis14:32 Hybrid PPA and Flexibility Contract Structures17:46 Renewable Exchange Origin Story: The Aberdeenshire Wind Farmers19:53 Platform Scaling Pains: Rebuilding Three Times22:41 Renewable Exchange's Impact on Consumer Energy Costs24:30 Co-Located Solar and Battery Revenue Streams26:58 REGO Explained: Renewable Energy Guarantee of Origin32:16 The Case for 24/7 REGO Matching36:27 Expanding to Germany: Legacy Wind Assets and Repowering41:13 Contrarian Take: Ending Renewable Energy Subsidies

The crypto industry has matured rapidly over the past few years, but what's next?This week on Crypto Curious, we sat down with Tamas Szabo, Group CEO of Pepperstone Crypto, to discuss the evolution of digital assets, where the market is heading, and what it will take for crypto to become part of everyday finance.Whether you're new to crypto or have been following the industry for years, this conversation offers a thoughtful perspective on where we're headed next.Let's get into it

Send us Fan MailIn this special LIVE episode of the Fresh Bunch, we're taking you to Orlando, FL at the Signia Hotel for AIFD 2026. We were invited back for a second year to record a special podcast live, on-site during the American Institute of Floral Designers annual convention. Listen in as Ryan is joined by 3 special guests and a live studio audience as they discuss all things AIFD, whats new for this year's ELEVATE theme, and what to expect for St. Louis in 2027.  Special guests include Renee Tucci AIFD, PFCI, AAF, AIFD's current President, Brent Leech AIFD, CFD and AIFD's incoming President, and AIFD volunteer and designer, Dennis Kelly of Fiddleleaf Florals in PA.Learn more at https://aifd.org/

In this episode, Professor Paola Cinnella - Professor of Fluid Mechanics at Sorbonne University and Director of the Sorbonne Cluster for Artificial Intelligence (SCAI) - joins Neil to discuss her path from classical fluid mechanics and high-order numerical methods into uncertainty quantification, Bayesian methods, data-driven turbulence modeling and AI for Science.Paola has built a career at the intersection of CFD, compressible and turbulent flows, dense gas dynamics, uncertainty quantification, robust optimization and machine learning. We discuss academic careers, dense gases, RANS uncertainty, AirfRANS, surrogate modeling, scientific publishing, education in the age of AI, and the idea of the "centaur scientist".Key topicsFluid mechanics, CFD and high-order schemesDense gases, real-gas effects and expansion shockwavesUncertainty quantification and Bayesian methodsRANS turbulence-model uncertaintyAirfRANS and CFD datasets for machine learningTurbulence modeling vs surrogate modelingScientific publishing and ML-for-CFD standardsSCAI and AI for ScienceEducation, ChatGPT and centaur scientistsPapersQuantification of model uncertainty in RANS simulations: A review - Heng Xiao, Paola Cinnellahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2018.10.001Discovery of Algebraic Reynolds-Stress Models Using Sparse Symbolic Regression - Martin Schmelzer, Richard P. Dwight, Paola Cinnellahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-019-00089-xBayesian estimates of parameter variability in the k-epsilon turbulence model - W.N. Edeling, P. Cinnella, R.P. Dwight, H. Bijlhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2013.10.027AirfRANS: High Fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics Dataset for Approximating Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Solutionshttps://arxiv.org/abs/2212.07564Data-driven turbulence modeling - Paola Cinnellahttps://arxiv.org/abs/2404.09074Direct numerical simulations of supersonic turbulent channel flows of dense gases - Luca Sciacovelli, Paola Cinnella, Xavier Gloerfelthttps://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.237LinksPaola Cinnella named Director of SCAIhttps://scai.sorbonne-universite.fr/news/paola-cinnella-new-directorSCAIhttps://scai.sorbonne-universite.fr/Paola Cinnella - HAL publicationshttps://cv.hal.science/paola-cinnellaPaola Cinnella - Google Scholarhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=fr&user=wBRA0JAAAAAJERCOFTAC SIG 54 - Machine Learning for Fluid Dynamicshttps://www.ercoftac.org/special_interest_groups/54-machine-learning-for-fluid-dynamics/master-of-science-internships/Chapters00:00 Podcast intro00:39 Introducing Prof. Paola Cinnella03:28 Conversation begins03:56 How Paola found fluid mechanics07:09 Moving from Italy to France08:37 High-order schemes and compressible flows09:30 Building an academic career12:06 Dense gases and uncertainty quantification15:16 Expansion shockwaves and real-gas effects19:17 Returning to Paris and academic mobility24:52 Academia, passion and persistence27:51 Bayesian methods and turbulence uncertainty30:47 Learning statistics across disciplines33:07 LearnFluidS, AirfRANS and CFD datasets36:33 Skepticism and physics in ML turbulence modeling40:41 Could ML lead to a universal turbulence model?42:59 Turbulence models, surrogate models and RANS45:03 Why LES alone cannot solve optimization47:15 Multi-fidelity modeling49:08 What Computers & Fluids looks for in ML-for-CFD papers54:05 CFD metrics vs machine-learning metrics57:13 Overselling, publication pressure and quality62:22 SCAI and AI for Science66:07 Cross-disciplinary AI for Science69:26 Education in the AI era72:44 Critical thinking and AI outputs78:15 AI as a companion, not a replacement81:42 AlphaFold and the future of discovery83:43 Training centaur scientists85:11 Closing thoughts

Foresight Solar Fund (LSE:FSFL) fund manager Toby Virno joined Proactive's Stephen Gunnion to discuss the UK government's latest Contracts for Difference allocation round and what it means for renewable energy investors. Virno explained that CFDs are 20-year agreements between renewable generators and the government that provide revenue certainty through fixed strike prices, reducing financing costs and encouraging investment. He said the latest allocation rounds create an attractive pipeline for Foresight Solar, with the company looking to recycle capital from maturing assets and expiring legacy schemes into newer greenfield solar projects with long-term contracted revenues. "This new greenfield CFD project represents a great opportunity for us to rotate our portfolio into newer, younger assets with access to these very attractive, long-term contracted revenue streams," Virno said, pointing to greater revenue visibility and support for the fund's income objective. The interview also covered how inflation-linked CFD revenues, reduced wholesale power price exposure and improved cash flow visibility could strengthen the long-term strategy, while bringing projects through construction may create opportunities to realise yield compression and refresh the portfolio over time. Watch the full interview to hear Toby Virno's insights into the UK's renewable energy market, Contracts for Difference and Foresight Solar Fund Ltd's investment strategy. Visit the Proactive YouTube channel for more interviews with leading companies and market experts. Don't forget to like this video, subscribe to the channel and enable notifications so you never miss future content. 3. Hashtags #ForesightSolar #RenewableEnergy #SolarEnergy #CleanEnergy #CFD #ContractsForDifference #UKEnergy #EnergyTransition #InfrastructureInvesting #DividendInvesting #GreenEnergy #ESGInvesting #Renewables #Investing #Proactive

Maciej Kowalczyk (Call&fly) - ekspert z branży lotnictwa prywatnego, który od ponad 16 lat zajmuje się organizacją lotów prywatnymi samolotami i helikopterami. Na co dzień współpracuje z topowymi polskimi przedsiębiorcami, gwiazdami oraz piłkarzami reprezentacji Polski. W tym odcinku Maciej zabiera nas na pokład i zdradza kulisy biznesu w chmurach. Obalamy mity dotyczące kosztów - dowiecie się, dlaczego wynajem odrzutowca wcale nie jest zarezerwowany wyłącznie dla miliarderów i jak można polecieć prywatnie za ułamek standardowej ceny dzięki tzw. "Empty Legs".https://www.callandfly.pl/

After spending years treating the markets like a casino, Cammy Capital finally discovered the missing piece that completely transformed his trading career. In this episode, he shares his eight-year journey from blowing accounts and chasing momentum trades to becoming a consistently profitable futures trader using volume profile, order flow, and market structure. Cammy explains why he abandoned ICT after years of studying it, how switching to futures changed everything, and why understanding what's happening behind the candlesticks gave him the confidence he had been searching for. He also breaks down his scalping strategy, why he prefers trading the Asian session, how he manages multiple prop firm accounts, and the mindset shifts that helped him overcome losing streaks and build lasting consistency. Whether you're struggling to become profitable or looking to refine your current trading approach, this interview is packed with practical insights on strategy, psychology, risk management, and finding a trading style that truly fits your personality. Cammy's Link YouTube Podcast Interview Cammy's Trading Strategy Key Lessons [06:02] "Treating trading like a casino won't work. You need a structured system." [09:18] "If your strategy constantly creates conflicting signals or doesn't fit your personality, it may not be the right system for you." [13:38] "Volume Profile is much simpler than most people think. Master Value Area High, Value Area Low, and Point of Control." [15:50] "You can use futures volume data to improve CFD trading decisions." [17:10] "Trade the session that fits both your personality and lifestyle." [20:12] "A 60–80% win rate is enough when your execution is consistent." [23:19] "Track your personal trading statistics even if you don't keep a detailed journal." [24:18] "Choose prop firms based on your objectives rather than brand loyalty." [25:22] "Treat evaluation accounts differently from funded accounts. Your real risk is the evaluation fee." [28:00] "Adapt your trading style to your personality instead of forcing yourself to become someone you're not." [29:49] "Losing becomes easier when you focus on large sample sizes instead of individual trades." [30:01] "The coin flip exercise teaches that losing streaks are normal, even with profitable systems." [31:55] "Don't abandon a strategy after a short losing streak. Judge it over a much larger sample." [33:50] "Aim for trading income that covers your monthly expenses first." [37:07] "Find a trading style that matches your personality before going all in." [38:00] "Don't assume someone else's profitable strategy will automatically work for you."

Nicholas Gaudern, CTO at PowerCurve, joins to discuss India AEP gains, DragonScale VGs, and Silent Edge noise reduction. Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly newsletter on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard’s StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on YouTube, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary’s “Engineering with Rosie” YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us! Welcome to Uptime Spotlight, shining light on wind energy’s brightest innovators. This is the progress powering tomorrow Allen Hall: Nicholas, welcome back to the podcast.  Nicholas Gaudern: Thanks, Allen. Great to be back.  Allen Hall: So there’s a lot going on at Power Curve, and I saw some news online about Power Curve in India.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes.  Allen Hall: Which is a new development.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, so we’ve been working in India for, for some years now, and we have, uh, more than 100 turbines out there with our equipment on, primarily vortex generators so far. And what we’re seeing in India is some of the highest AEP gains we’ve ever recorded with our vortex generators And I think a lot of this is being driven by the fact that in certain parts of India, there’s some very unique, uh, environmental conditions, climatic conditions, and there’s parts of the year, like the dry season up in [00:01:00] the north of India, where you’re getting this very sticky dirt accumulating on the blades. And it’s really quite dramatic when you see the photographs, but that means that the blades are actually starting to, to stall, have flow separation on them.  Allen Hall: I’ve seen pictures of that. Yeah. I was really shocked at the time, uh, ’cause I didn’t know it was just kind of a black, gooey- Yeah … kind of tar-like substance- Yeah, yeah on the blades, and, uh, it, it was only on there a limited time. As soon as the monsoons come through and the rains hit, it would wash, eventually wash it off. Yes. But while it’s there, you could see the airflow over the blade surfaces. You, you could definitely see separation happening really early on those blades. Dramatic.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, absolutely, and I think the, um… Like you say, it’s not all year. No. But it doesn’t have to be all year to have a huge impact on, on how many, you know, megawatt hours you’re getting out the other end. So there’s a few months of the year where this problem is particularly severe, maybe sort of December through to February, something like that. And what we’re finding is that when you see, uh, the power curves for these [00:02:00] turbines, some of them aren’t even hitting rated power. They’re not able to hit rated power because there’s so much flow separation on the blades.  Allen Hall: Wow.  Nicholas Gaudern: And that, I mean, just imagine that. You’ve got a two megawatt turbine, for example. Maybe it doesn’t cast- get past 1.5 megawatts for this, uh, time of the year. I mean, that’s crazy.  Allen Hall: Does the turbine try to adjust itself when that happens? Because the pictures I s- have seen indicates, like, the turbine is pitching the blades to, ’cause it knows- It can- …  Nicholas Gaudern: what the wind  Allen Hall: speed is- I mean, yeah … and it knows what it should be putting out, and it’s not putting that out. Nicholas Gaudern: It’s very turbine specific, kind of controller logic specific, but what we see is even the turbines that try to do something, they’re very limited in how much pitch authority they have from the controller. They might be able to just do a little bit, a degree. Okay. Two degrees. You know, very, very small pitch adjustments. And when you have this kind of dirt on the leading edges, a degree of pitch ain’t gonna save you really. Um- N-  Allen Hall: no. And I think that’s what we’re seeing. And it’s not gonna get that power back. No, no.  Nicholas Gaudern: No.  Allen Hall: But does it add extra load onto the blade structurally over [00:03:00] time when you do that?  Nicholas Gaudern: In terms of the pitching, or-  Allen Hall: Yeah, in terms of the pitching, where you’re trying to be more aggressive on the angle of attack to get the power out of the turbine. Potentially. And the winds are still pretty strong, you just, the blades are inefficient.  Nicholas Gaudern: I think it’s one of those things where there’s, there’s so many interconnected items with the dirt and the controller and the structure. It’s actually pretty difficult, I think, to say with confidence how much life impact you would have from that. But what I would say is the more that you might end up trying to pitch, if that’s what’s going on on some machines, that obviously puts wear on the pitch bearings themselves. But yeah, I think at the moment we’re kind of at the beginning of really trying to understand how some of these turbines do deal with this phenomenon. But what we’re trying to do is get to a point where the turbine doesn’t really have to deal with it. Because if you fix the problem at the source, which is stop the flow separating, then the controller doesn’t really have to, to worry. It doesn’t have to try to, to fix it itself.  Allen Hall: Yeah. That makes a lot more sense. Just the number of images I’ve seen over the last couple years from India-  Nicholas Gaudern: [00:04:00] Yep …  Allen Hall: you realize how difficult it is to operate a wind turbine there.  Nicholas Gaudern: So even when we, um, have this issue for a few months that we’re resolving with the VGs, we can still be seeing over the whole year more than 5% increases in annual energy production. Because those months are really important. Um ‘ Allen Hall: Cause that’s when they need the  Nicholas Gaudern: power. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Exactly. For sure. And this is primarily coming from the vortex generators towards the tips of the blades. So that’s where you’re having this, uh, heavy contamination issue, and that’s where all the power would be produced. So kind of the outer third of a blade is 50, maybe 60% of the power production of a turbine, maybe closer to 50. So that means that if you have a problem out there, it’s, it’s a big problem in terms of your annual energy production. So-  Allen Hall: Right …  Nicholas Gaudern: the VGs are, what they’re doing is they are, they’re injecting energy back into the flow. Allen Hall: Redirecting the flow, in a  Nicholas Gaudern: sense. So, so basically you have all this contamination on the leading edge. It’s generating more turbulence. The flow isn’t able to retain, uh, remain attached [00:05:00] across the entire chord length. So the VGs are putting energy back into the flow and allowing it to remain attached all the way to, uh, to the trailing edge. Allen Hall: So even with the blades are dirty-  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes …  Allen Hall: you get that power out- Exactly … put, that you really desire or-  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah …  Allen Hall: are paying for. Yeah. You, you paid a lot of money for that turbine- Yeah, exactly … you need to get the power out of it.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah.  Allen Hall: And-  Nicholas Gaudern: So of course, you know, that suggests that if you had a, a super clean blade, you went and pressure washed it, uh, you would get, uh, an increase in power as well, and that’s true. You, you- That’s true … you will do. But that’s a one-time thing. Um, so- And  Allen Hall: it’s expensive to do- Yeah … and time-consuming.  Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly. Maybe a few days later, the dirt’s back. So- Sure … you know, it’s not really a sustainable thing for you to be going out washing these blades the whole time. And washing the blades may not be great for the surface of the blade either. So, you know, a VG is just sat there the whole time. It doesn’t matter if it’s dirt, bugs, erosion, frost, it’ll recover those losses that, that you’re seeing.  Allen Hall: Do the VG installations in a situation like that, [00:06:00] the actual location differ because of the contaminants that are present and the kind of, uh, leading edge effects that you’re seeing? Do you design it for that environment? Or- Yeah … is every- Oh, you do. So- Yeah, we  Nicholas Gaudern: do. I mean, typ- typically our, our VG arrays are turbine model specific. But in India, we’re finding we’re actually having to be more site specific as well. Oh,  Allen Hall: wow.  Nicholas Gaudern: Because some of this contamination is so severe, we’ve seen that we need to design the VG layout a little bit differently to make sure that we’re giving enough, uh, energy recovery potential when you have these really severe, uh, situations. Allen Hall: Are you using the AeroVista tool to do that? How do you, how do you quantify the contamination that’s happened on the leading edge at a particular moment or roughly on scale a- and then try to model that? That just seems like a difficult computation.  Nicholas Gaudern: It is. And, um, you know, we’re, we’re getting better all the time. AeroVista is definitely part of that. So AeroVista’s primary function really is to look at, um- [00:07:00] AEP losses due to structural damages, things like erosion. But actually, erosion behaves very similar to dirt when it comes to, like- It, right … aerodynamic behavior. Yeah. So we can actually use kind of the AeroVista engine to help us understand what is the loss from different levels of contamination. So we can add contamination levels into AeroVista, as well as, uh, erosion. And we can start to look at, well, what happens if the blade looks like this? What if it looks like this? And then this gets combined with our computational fluid dynamics, our CFD models that we’re running, three-dimensional, two-dimensional. We sometimes do some aeroelastic modeling as well. So we basically have a big toolbox, and like with any engineering problem, it’s about picking the best tool for the job. So we just go in, and we have all these great tools, and we, we put them together in a workflow that allows us to design the, the best solution for each site that we look at. Allen Hall: And it’s not India-specific in terms of leading-edge contamination. No. I’ve seen pictures from the US, Brazil, um, [00:08:00] Australia, a number of places where there’s just bugs. Yeah. Right? Those, especially in places where there’s large bugs- Yes. … you kind of get this splatter effect going on. Yeah. And you can have a really contaminated blade surface. In the US, in the middle of the US, you’ll have grasshopper season, and-  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, absolutely …  Allen Hall: tho- those grasshoppers are big, and they splatter. And they leave a disaster. We’ve seen  Nicholas Gaudern: that in, uh, in the Midwest, for sure. Oh, yeah. Some really, really severe contamination from bugs.  Allen Hall: And you, you don’t think about, as an engineer or a site supervisor, that- All right. This sort of, uh, grasshopper season that happens is affecting my AEP, but 100% it is. And that stuff is gooey, so if you ever drive through the Midwest in the summertime- … you run through, uh, any kind of insect swarm and try to get it off your vehicle. Yeah. It takes some scrubbing.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah. It re- it really does. And imagine when you’ve gotta go up there for, like, 100-meter diameter rotor.  Allen Hall: Right. ‘ Nicholas Gaudern: Cause that’s quite a challenge. So I think, yeah, they have all these challenges, uh, in terms of environmental conditions, and a lot of people consider aerodynamic [00:09:00] behavior blades quite binary. Either the blade is clean or the blade is dir- Or it’s dirty or it’s dirty. Right. But it’s this entire spectrum. It’s everything in between, and I think that is kind of a little bit of a different way of thinking about the problem. And then it makes the argument around why to put VGs there kind of, uh, easy to, to answer, because the blade is never really truly clean. Allen Hall: No. I… Unless it’s right after a rainstorm- Yeah … I rarely see clean blades. Okay, so the … If VGs are going on, are you using the DragonScale VGs to solve some of the India problems, some of the contamination problems?  Nicholas Gaudern: So DragonScale’s not in India yet. That’s something that we’re looking at. So we, um, we got all the tooling finished for DragonScale some months ago now, and we’re shipping DragonScale kits. Uh- Oh, wow. Okay … not, not to India yet, but they are out in, in the field, and we’re gonna be having some more out just in the next couple of weeks, actually, which is quite exciting. We’re doing our first project, um, in Canada.  Allen Hall: Oh.  Nicholas Gaudern: So we’re starting to kinda come across the, the pond with the VGs now, [00:10:00] with the DragonScale VGs. Allen Hall: So the DragonScales, uh, uh, uh, thank you for bringing a, a sample here today, but the, the DragonScales are really interesting in terms of just the way the airfoil shapes are and how they’re s- kinda stacked and layered- Yeah … and there’s different depths to them, heights to them, to get the flow back where you want it to. Yeah. And it, I guess it depends on where you are on the blade. If you’re near the root, they’re gonna look something like this. Exactly. Yep. If you’re getting near the tip, they’re  Nicholas Gaudern: much  Allen Hall: smaller- Yeah, we have some smaller ones. Yep … scale, scale of this. So- This then, the Dragon Scales do require a little bit of computational knowledge of what’s going on- Yep with the blade. And as you say, they- You just can’t willy-nilly stick  Nicholas Gaudern: them on … they’re, they’re quite different. You know, they’re quite different from a standard triangle of VG.  Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: And, you know, there’s lots of ways that you can create a vortex aerodynamically. And triangles- Sure … create a vortex, sure, but they, they really create one through a process of separation. Yeah. You have a flow hitting this, this plate that’s angled to the flow. It’s rolling over the top, and it’s tripping into a, into a vortex. But that’s quite a draggy way [00:11:00] of- It is … creating a vortex. Yes. Um, so VGs work. We’ve seen that. You know, we have more than 2,000 turbines now with VGs, so we, we know they work. Yeah. But Dragon Scale, the whole idea is not that we … This is still a VG. It’s still creating a vortex. Sure. But it’s doing it in a much more efficient manner, so we get the same lift recovery benefits, lift boosting benefits, but at a much lower drag. So we have a better drag ratio. ‘Cause it’s the drag, right? Allen Hall: It’s the drag. The little triangular-  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah …  Allen Hall: vortex generators are draggy.  Nicholas Gaudern: So anything you stick on a blade, it, it has a drag. It has a parasitic drag component. Um, they have a huge benefit that outweighs that. That’s why we put them on.  Allen Hall: Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: But of course, you can always do better. And I think here we really try to take inspiration from, from lots of the aerodynamic developments we’ve seen over the past decades in aviation and motorsport and, and these other disciplines. Allen Hall: Right. I always say these look like a Formula One  Nicholas Gaudern: add-on. Yeah, yeah. Exactly. A bigger blade. Or maybe some front slats of a aircraft or some, uh, gas turbine cascading elements- Oh, sure.  Allen Hall: Yeah …  Nicholas Gaudern: these  Allen Hall: kind of things. Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah.  Allen Hall: Gas turbine people would easily recognize this. Yeah, [00:12:00] I  Nicholas Gaudern: think so.  Allen Hall: Uh, so the, the Dragon Scales then in terms of, uh, the location of them on the blade, would it differ than the triangular VGs in terms of generic location? A, a  Nicholas Gaudern: little bit, but broadly it’s the same because- Okay … you know, ultimately the fundamental physics of what we’re trying to do hasn’t changed.  Allen Hall: Sure.  Nicholas Gaudern: Um, so we’re kind of, we’re addressing the same areas of the blade. But the Dragon Scale gives us a bit more flexibility. We can have these three fin versions that create a very powerful vortex, so we find those down in the root, ’cause that’s where we just want as much lift as possible. Right.  Allen Hall: Yeah. Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: Uh, but out at the tip we actually have a two fin variant. Oh. Because there we’re, we’re more focused on L over D. We wanna maximize our lift-to-drag ratio.  Allen Hall: Sure.  Nicholas Gaudern: Because that’s where the drag really hurts you, out towards the tip.  Allen Hall: So are they in a strip form then? Yes. Very similar to the triangular VGs? Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, exactly. So the, the smaller ones on the strip, just because they’re only, like, five millimeters high.  Allen Hall: Yeah. They wanna  Nicholas Gaudern: see more- So otherwise it’s, it’s kind of watchmaking if they’re individual- … little pieces, uh, going down on the blade. O-  Allen Hall: okay. Yeah. Well, that’s fascinating. All right. Uh, I wanna talk about [00:13:00] Silent Edge before I, I lose you today. The Silent Edge product has been out in the field- Mm-hmm … and there has been some noise testing done, which I always think is very interesting because I’ve- Yeah … I’ve watched videos from, mostly from DTU, explaining how they do this, where they got the microphones around. And like- Yes … wow, that’s a really complicated test to go pull off. But you just got through a series of these-  Nicholas Gaudern: We did …  Allen Hall: noise tests with Silent Edge. And you have the results back.  Nicholas Gaudern: We do, yeah. I mean, it was a really exciting, um, test program, and we were partnered together with, uh, Statkraft, who very kindly lent us a few of their wind turbines up in Sweden. Uh, and we are working with the Danish Technical University, DTU Wind, to help with the measurements and actually figure out what’s going out on the turbine. So this was a project that we were, um, able to secure some funding from, from the Danish, uh, EUDP. So that’s the Energi [00:14:00] Teknologisk Udviklings- og Demonstrationsprogram.  Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah. Nothing to do with the EU. It’s a very, it’s a Danish thing. Danish, yeah. But there is EU in the name. Right. Um, so they supported this project with Statkraft and DTU, and what we found is that when we put a Silent Edge on a, uh, it was like a two, two and a half megawatt machine, it had no serrations before. Okay.  Allen Hall: So we measured- So just a out of the factory blade.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, exactly, and it was in good condition. It had had a recent repair campaign, so the blade was in, in good shape. And then what we did, uh, or what DTU did, is they went out and they measured the noise of this turbine according to the IEC standard. So there’s an IEC standard on how you should measure noise and what microphones to use and how to post-process it, and then we installed the Silent Edge serrations. And firstly, before we’d even done any measurements, we had people out at site, and they, they live out there. They’re the technicians. They see these- Okay turbines every day, and they went, “What, what have you, what have you done to, to this turbine?” Because it sounded so different. It sounded much [00:15:00]quieter. The, the quality of the sound was very different, and they just, they just stepped out the car and went, “Wow.” “This is, this is really impressive.” Um-  Allen Hall: So what, give me a description of what the sound is. I know generally, when you come with a standard blade, it has that kind of shoop, shoop-  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, exactly … shoop. It basically just really brings down that perceived loudness of the sound, so it’s just a m- it’s a much quieter sound, and we’re also taking out quite a lot of low frequency component.  Allen Hall: Okay.  Nicholas Gaudern: That’s what- These serrations are really targeting the lower frequencies, so kind of around the kilohertz and, and under. Allen Hall: Mm.  Nicholas Gaudern: That’s where these things are really starting to bring down the, um, the decibels.  Allen Hall: This- So, okay. So Silent Edge is, uh, sort of a unique design, or is a unique design i- in terms of the- What you see on the typical trailing edge, which are a bunch of triangles or dino tails, right? Yes, dino tails. Yes,  Nicholas Gaudern: yeah. Allen Hall: Dino tails is, was the generic term for years, and they looked like dino tails, so, so it’s a good description- Yeah … of them. But these more, look more like a cathedral in  Nicholas Gaudern: a sense. Yeah, these, these are quite different though. So we have kind of this iron-shaped, uh, tooth fundamentally, [00:16:00] but we have three different tooth sizes, uh, and they’re asymmetric. Allen Hall: Mm.  Nicholas Gaudern: And I would love to come here and tell you that we know exactly how this works. Um, but I can’t unfortunately, and, and that’s just how it is sometimes with engineering. We cannot simulate this in the detail required to really understand exactly why each geometric feature does what it does. And if someone claims they can do that, then, then I may be a bit suspicious. Or, or I’d really like to talk to them, one of the two. Um, but that means that to develop this kind of product successfully, you have to go to the wind tunnel. Okay. Because the simulation is so demanding. So we go to the wind tunnel. We spent a lot of time in the Paul Ricard wind tunnel at DTU, so we can measure aerodynamics and acoustics at the same time And we went with lots of components and 3D prints, and we iterated through design paths, and we came up with this, I think it’s a really wonderful shape we’ve ended up with. And it was proven out in the field because the final result was we reduced the overall sound [00:17:00] pressure level of the turbine by five decibels. And that is- Whoa … that is huge.  Allen Hall: That’s a lot.  Nicholas Gaudern: So in terms of, like, perceived, uh, loudness of the sound, that’s like a 30% reduction. So this is why the, the technicians who st- stepped out the car heard such a difference, because it’s a massive reduction in, in what the turbine produces. So  Allen Hall: you’re lowering the decibels coming off the, the trailing edge. Yeah. But also moving around the frequencies so it’s a little less-  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, so a lot of that- … uh- That… So the- …  Allen Hall: noticeable  Nicholas Gaudern: also … the five decibels, that’s, that’s this OASP, or we call it overall sound pressure level. This is an integration of all of the reductions we see across the frequency spectrum. Oh,  Allen Hall: okay.  Nicholas Gaudern: All right. So we’re getting more reduction at lower frequencies. Right. Good. There’s also some high frequencies. But the lower frequencies matter more. So what we do when we’re doing acoustic measurement is we A-weight, we, we weight the, the noise because it relates to how the human ear perceives sound. Allen Hall: Sure.  Nicholas Gaudern: So it matters more to you, the one [00:18:00] kilohertz frequency than the 20 kilz- kilohertz frequency.  Allen Hall: Yeah. Can’t hear  Nicholas Gaudern: 20 kilohertz. E- exactly. So that’s right at the upper end. So we weight the results, and this is part of the ICE standard, to understand how the human ear perceives the sound.  Allen Hall: Oh, wow. Okay.  Nicholas Gaudern: Um, and this is where we get our, our five decibels  Allen Hall: from. So this, this was really an iterative process then- Yeah … in the DT laboratory. Yeah. Ooh, wow. I didn’t realize that. Mm-mm. I, I figured you had gotten relatively close by computational methods and then- We- … honed it a little bit …  Nicholas Gaudern: we, we come sort of computate… We do a lot of computation around the angle of the serrations, because the angle of the serration is really critical for, uh, lift generation and loads. Allen Hall: So when you’re speaking of angle, you’re talking about- E-  Nicholas Gaudern: exactly … this angle back here at the- You can see that angle there. Okay.  Allen Hall: Yeah,  Nicholas Gaudern: yeah. Because you don’t want to put a serration on a turbine and add 20% to the lift of the blade. Right. No. Because-  Allen Hall: That’s not- …  Nicholas Gaudern: lift means loads. Yeah.  Allen Hall: You know? Right. You’re adding load. Nicholas Gaudern: So you have to be very careful about how you design these products to make sure that you’re not gonna add extra load to the turbine. And, and on the flip side, you also don’t wanna reduce lift significantly, which then [00:19:00] there’ll be less power produced. So it’s a bit of a balancing act, and this is where the computation comes in. We do a lot of CFD on these to make sure that we’re, we’re handling the loads correctly.  Allen Hall: And how important is the material choice- Yeah … in terms of the noise quieting? Is there a little bit to it about, well, one, durability. Yeah. You, you want to put them on once and leave them forever, so there’s a lot of interactions between the air and these parts that are gonna flex and bend, and you got- I think there’s, you know- 20 years of  Nicholas Gaudern: doing  Allen Hall: that …  Nicholas Gaudern: the, you’ve, you’ve s- you’ve hit the, hit the nail on the head there. The durability is critical. Yeah. It doesn’t matter if you put these products on the blade, and they perform beautifully for six months and then fall off or, or snap or whatever.  Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: So no, we, we make these products out of the same material as our VGs, and this is a material, uh, it’s an ASA, uh, plastic. And we’ve had these out in the, in the field for a long time now, so we know- It’s- … this, this is great.  Allen Hall: It’s ex- it’s kind of a flexible material.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, there’s  Allen Hall: a little b- It’s stiff but flexible.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, exactly. There’s a bit of give in there- Yeah … uh, which is important, but it’s very impact-resistant. Uh, it doesn’t really suffer much in terms of [00:20:00] UV aging, which is obviously critical- Oh, wow. Yeah … when you’re, when you’re- Very critical, yes … out in the field. Yes. So yeah, we’re, um, we’re really happy with the material choice because we know from all our other campaigns with VGs that they last. It doesn’t matter whether it’s sun, rain, ice, snow. These products can survive out in the field for 20 years. Allen Hall: That’s one of the things I’ve noticed, uh, looking at a lot o- of blade photos with OEM trailing edge serrations. That the little triangles on the back edges break off.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah. And I think- There’s  Allen Hall: a lot of them. I was shocked on  Nicholas Gaudern: some sites. One thing you have to be very careful as well is, is lifting and handling as well. Oh. So, you know, sometimes if these products are installed in the factory, then how do you safely transport that blade and lift that blade?  Allen Hall: You really can’t.  Nicholas Gaudern: So in some ways it’d be better if you put them on at site, but obviously I, I know that’s not always possible. No. So we’re typically acting, um, as, you know, a retrofit. Mm-hmm. So in that sense we, we minimize a lot of that risk of the, the transport and handling that the OEMs may have to deal with.  Allen Hall: So [00:21:00] what’s next for Power Curve? What’s h- happening this summer?  Nicholas Gaudern: So we’re gonna be really pushing to get Silent Edge and Dragon Scale out in the field more. Yeah. Um, Dragon Scale is, is really exciting, and we’re gonna get our, our first, uh, turbines in different countries equipped with these products. And Silent Edge, uh, we’re currently putting some of the finishing touches on the, um, the tooling, the injection molding tooling. So the part we have in front of us, this is actually one that we had in the wind tunnel. So this one here is a 3D print. A very nice 3D print. Oh, yeah, it’s- Uh, it’s had vapor smoothing on it, so the surface- It is really smooth is, is super nice. And you can put these out in the field. So the, the trial with Statkraft was actually with 3D-printed components. If you wanna do a trial for a few months, it’s very possible to do it with 3D prints. Oh. And I, I think they’d actually last way, way longer than that, but, you know, the test was designed to put them on, measure them, take them off again. Yeah. And that’s what we did.  Allen Hall: Offshore.  Nicholas Gaudern: Mm.  Allen Hall: Uh, uh, w- we’ve had some people write into the podcast talking about offshore wind turbines. And in the States, offshore wind turbines are [00:22:00] usually 10, 15, 20 miles from the shore, but that’s not always the case. Over in Japan and some other areas, the turbines are pretty close to shore. Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, def- They’re  Allen Hall: almost-  Nicholas Gaudern: They’re definitely near-shore …  Allen Hall: they’re almost- Yeah. Yeah, yeah … onshore turbines, but because they’re offshore, they get really big, right? So y- you can build a really big offshore turbine. And some of the comments we have received is, “Hey, these turbines are noisy.”  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah. And, you know, the, the water surface can do some weird things-  Allen Hall: Well, that’s what I wanted to know acoustically. Okay. Yeah. That’s what I wanted to know- Yeah. Yeah … because if you have trees and hills that kind of block the noise- Yeah … that’s easy. But if you have a turbine and you live on the, essentially the beach- Yep … or real close to the shore- Yeah … that turbine is right there. In some cases in Japan, it’s not very far. Yeah. You can see it.  Nicholas Gaudern: Particularly on a still day, you know, when you have a very flat water surface, that can mean that sound is able to propagate a little bit further than maybe it otherwise would.  Allen Hall: So is there a, a real need then to pay attention to the acoustics and noise- Yeah … coming off of offshore wind turbines? Nicholas Gaudern: [00:23:00] I think, uh, c- certainly the near-shore, the things you’re describing now. Yeah. Offshore’s an interesting question because I think often, if I think about the UK and, and Denmark, they are quite offshore, and I think in that, in that sense, the noise is much less of a, a concern. And I think it may be more driven by regulatory r- requirements- Mm-hmm than actual, you know, neighbor complaints perhaps. So noise is interesting because people put serrations on for different reasons. Yeah. Some put them on because there’s a regulation. Yeah. Uh, some put them on because they want to be shown to being a good neighbor, you know, doing the best they can to reduce noise- We should  Allen Hall: try to- Nicholas Gaudern: which we should absolutely be doing …  Allen Hall: do that every time we can.  Nicholas Gaudern: And some are doing it because they have curtailment on their turbines.  Allen Hall: Yes.  Nicholas Gaudern: So in order to meet a regulation perhaps, they have to basically turn down the turbine, and it means that it spins slower. And if it spins slower, the noise is lower, sure. But the power output is also lower. And what we found is that on some turbines that are in noise modes, they’re losing 3, 4, 5% AEP- Ooh. Ouch … [00:24:00]every year because they’re having to turn down the turbine to meet a regulation or to, to satisfy, you know, uh, neighbor relationships. But just imagine what that means for finances if you put a serration on. You can turn the turbine up again, which you’re now addressing the noise at the source, so you don’t actually have to stop it spinning slower. You’re actually killing the noise where it’s being generated.  Allen Hall: So there’s a big financial incentive- Yes … to look at trailing edge and try to quiet them as much as you can, particularly onshore. I think that case has- Yeah … been well made over time. I’m always shocked that a lot of operators that, uh, even in the US Midwest, and we s- we drive around quite a bit in the Midwest, there’s a lot of turbines that are near homes.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah,  Allen Hall: absolutely. Y- you know, there’s one or two or three homes. This isn’t like there’s a suburb right there, but there are homes out there, and, and they would like to have enjoyment of their property. Yeah, of course. And if you can knock down the noise a little bit, it would make it  Nicholas Gaudern: a much more pleasant place. Well, if you take, you know, if you take 30-plus percent off the perceived loudness, that’s, you know-  Allen Hall: Oh, that’s very noticeable … that’s gonna, that’s gonna make a difference. Yeah, you’ll get a thank you letter- Yeah for [00:25:00] sure. So that’s exciting. The- Yeah … all this is exciting. It- It’s  Nicholas Gaudern: gonna be, it’s gonna be a really great summer, I think, to get more of these components out in the field.  Allen Hall: So if, uh, an operator or an asset manager wants to get ahold of Power Curve, understand what Silent Edge is, and how to get it installed or put some dragon scales on this season, how do they do that? Nicholas Gaudern: So you can check out our website, uh, powercurve.dk. That has all of our contact details on. Uh, you can find me on LinkedIn, uh, as well. I’m often around these, uh- … events that we find- Yeah … uh, in different countries. So no, look, look us up, reach out by email, phone, whatever, and we’d be very happy to talk to you. Allen Hall: Or reach out to the India office.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes, that’s something that we’re hoping to have up and running, uh- So  Allen Hall: if you’re  Nicholas Gaudern: in India- …  Allen Hall: later this year. Yeah. Reach out. Yeah, that, that’s gonna be an exciting advancement. Yeah. Great. For  Nicholas Gaudern: sure.  Allen Hall: Nicholas, it’s great to have you on the podcast again.  Nicholas Gaudern: Nice talking to you, [00:26:00] Allen.

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LT. Nick Davis of the CFD discusses how to stay safe and cool in the heat and how to stay safe IF you choose to set off fireworks

In this episode, Professor Ricardo Vinuesa - Associate Chair for Research and Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Michigan - explores with Neil one of the biggest questions in modern fluid mechanics: can AI help us move beyond faster CFD and toward genuine autonomous scientific discovery? Drawing on his work at the intersection of turbulence, machine learning, explainable AI, reduced-order modeling, and flow control, Neil and Prof. Vineusa discusses the promise and limits of foundation models for fluids, why the right latent representations may matter more than simply scaling data, and how agentic AI systems could uncover physical mechanisms that humans might otherwise miss.Agentic Exploration of PDE Spaces using Latent Foundation Models for Parameterized Simulations — Abhijeet Vishwasrao et al.https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.09584The episode's most direct follow-up: multi-agent LLMs and latent foundation models autonomously explore flow physics in a tandem-cylinder setup.Enhancing computational fluid dynamics with machine learning — Ricardo Vinuesa, Steven L. Bruntonhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-022-00264-7A concise roadmap for useful ML in CFD, from faster simulations and turbulence modelling to reduced-order models.Identifying regions of importance in wall-bounded turbulence through explainable deep learning — Andrés Cremades et al.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47954-6Uses explainable AI to identify flow structures that matter for prediction and control, not just visually striking turbulence features.β-Variational autoencoders and transformers for reduced-order modelling of fluid flows — Alberto Solera-Rico et al.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45578-4Shows how disentangled latent spaces, autoencoders, and transformers can support interpretable reduced-order models of nonlinear flows.Improving turbulence control through explainable deep learning — Miguel Beneitez et al.https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.02354Links explainable AI with deep reinforcement learning to target turbulence-sustaining mechanisms, with relevance for flow control, drag reduction, and energy efficiency.LinksVinuesaLabhttps://www.vinuesalab.com/Ricardo Vinuesa — University of Michigan Aerospace Engineeringhttps://aero.engin.umich.edu/people/ricardo-vinuesa/AI and ML for Fluid Dynamics course — Ricardo Vinuesa & Sergio Hoyashttps://www.flowthermolab.com/courses/ai-ml-for-fluids/VinuesaLab YouTube channelhttps://www.youtube.com/@VinuesaLabAI for Fluid Mechanics, Sustainability & XAI — Ricardo Vinuesahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOfwf4ffPnURicardo Vinuesa — Modelling and controlling turbulent flows through deep learninghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0AOY_agZ8WMChapters00:00 Podcast Intro03:20 The Evolution of Foundation Models in Fluid Dynamics10:22 Understanding Explainable AI in Fluid Mechanics15:34 Challenges in Data Fidelity for Foundation Models20:29 Machine Learning vs. Reduced Order Modeling24:22 The Shift in Focus: Turbulence Modeling to Surrogate Models29:48 Exploring Agentic Systems for Scientific Discovery37:21 Exploring Latent Representations in Fluid Dynamics40:40 The Role of AI in Autonomous Discovery41:57 Bridging Fluid Mechanics and Computer Science45:28 Data-Driven vs Physics-Driven Models51:34 The Role of Academia in AI and Fluid Mechanics56:27 Optimization and Control in Machine Learning01:00:28 Future of AI in Fluid Dynamics: Beyond ChatGPT

In this episode of fire fundamentals we sit down with Professor Simo Hostikka from Aalto University to cover radiation in fires, both from the angle of physical phenomena and ways to model it. In this episode we cover following topics: feel less mysterious, from blackbody basics and role of radiation actually does inside the CFD N-S equation. Spectrum and emissivity to real engineering outcomes like heat flux, tenabilityRadiation's two roles in fire CFD: target heat flux and the gas energy source term Emission versus absorption and why Kirchhoff's law is spectral, not just a single number Spectrum intuition using Planck, Wien's law, and why T to the fourth explodes heat flux View factors as a hazard mental model for layers, panels, and distance effects Why gases are strongly non-gray while soot often looks smooth and easier to approximate How FDS uses the finite angle method, why 104 directions exists, and how updates are staged in time, how to manage spatial and temporal resolution of the radiation Ray effect and numerical diffusion, when you can see the error and when you cannot Other radiation models such as Monte Carlo, and when they are worth it.----The Fire Science Show is produced by the Fire Science Media in collaboration with OFR Consultants. Thank you to the podcast sponsor for their continuous support towards our mission.

Materiał powstał dzięki płatnej współpracy z marką Raynet.https://raynetcrm.pl/Realizacja nagrań w całej Polsce jest możliwa dzięki wsparciu partnerów.Partnerami są:✅ SeoHost.pl - zarabiaj polecając następnego lidera hostingu w Polsce.❗KOD RABATOWY: BODP - 50% zniżki na aktywację nowych serwerów.https://seohost.pl ✅ Cool Brand - nowoczesne strony, sklepy internetowe i dedykowane rozwiązania IT dla biznesu.https://coolbrand.pl/ ✅ Sprawdź ofertę OANDA TMS Brokers i inwestuj inteligentnie: https://go.tms.pl/BiznesOdPoczatku 75% rachunków inwestorów detalicznych odnotowuje straty pieniężne w wyniku handlu kontraktami CFD u niniejszego dostawcy. Zastanów się, czy możesz pozwolić sobie na wysokie ryzyko utraty twoich pieniędzy. ✅ Fortum - prąd i gaz dla firm.https://www.fortum.pl/Kontakt w sprawie współpracy (Kanał Biznes Od Początku):

While we can get pretty far with a very simple approximation of what a fire is in our fire cfd, at some point our simplications are not enough. And there is a plenty of features and phenomena, for which we simply need a better tool to handle -  carbon monoxide, soot, extinction, flashover behavior, and what happens when ventilation disappears. At the IAFSS symposium, we sit down with Professor Bart Merci (Ghent University), fresh off delivering the Howard Emmons Invited Plenary Lecture, to talk about what it really takes to model turbulent combustion in real fires without asking practitioners to become full-time combustion scientists.We start with the engineering reality check: you do not get unlimited mesh resolution, unlimited runtime, or the luxury of endless sensitivity studies. As Bart says - "you need to pick your battles". That practical constraint shapes everything, from whether LES is a smart choice to how you treat the “unseen” physics inside a CFD cell. Bart breaks down turbulence in plain terms, explains why the largest eddies dominate entrainment and smoke movement, and shows how mesh decisions can quietly decide whether LES outperforms unsteady RANS in practical smoke control and compartment fire problems.Then we go deep on sub-grid combustion models. We unpack why infinitely fast chemistry can be acceptable in well-ventilated flames yet collapses in under-ventilated conditions, where toxicity, soot, and extinction dominate the risk picture. Bart explains a finite-rate, autoignition-informed approach that uses detailed chemistry offline to tune simplified reactions, then applies flamelet concepts and turbulence measures to predict reaction rates and species production inside each cell, including ignition and extinction behavior without relying on a guessed “critical flame temperature.”We close with what's next: validation in compartments, microgravity as a brutal test of “universality,” and why advanced non-intrusive diagnostics could finally improve near-wall heat transfer and flame-surface interaction. If you care about CFD, FDS modeling limits, fire dynamics, and the future of practical fire safety engineering, you'll want this one. If you would like to read more on the topic, here is Bart's paper that accompanied his brilliant lecture. Figure 3 is what we discuss at the end of the episode.----The Fire Science Show is produced by the Fire Science Media in collaboration with OFR Consultants. Thank you to the podcast sponsor for their continuous support towards our mission.

Patryk Kosiniak to były motocyklista wyścigowy, który po poważnym wypadku całkowicie poświęcił się biznesowi. Jest współzałożycielem SuperButelki.pl - dynamicznie rozwijającego się sklepu internetowego z butelkami i słoikami, który zaczynał jako rodzinny projekt, a dziś działa na wielu europejskich rynkach. Znany z wytrwałości i odwagi w podejmowaniu decyzji, zbudował firmę, która łączy ekologię, logistykę i nowoczesny e-commerce.Michał Kowalczyk to trener i twórca platformy Excel_lent work, specjalizującej się w szkoleniach z zakresu Excela i efektywności pracy. Jest autorem licznych kursów online oraz prelegentem na konferencjach edukacyjnych.Realizacja nagrań w całej Polsce jest możliwa dzięki wsparciu partnerów.Partnerami są:✅ SeoHost.pl - zarabiaj polecając następnego lidera hostingu w Polsce.❗KOD RABATOWY: BODP - 50% zniżki na aktywację nowych serwerów.https://seohost.pl ✅ Cool Brand - nowoczesne strony, sklepy internetowe i dedykowane rozwiązania IT dla biznesu.https://coolbrand.pl/ ✅ Sprawdź ofertę OANDA TMS Brokers i inwestuj inteligentnie: https://go.tms.pl/BiznesOdPoczatku 75% rachunków inwestorów detalicznych odnotowuje straty pieniężne w wyniku handlu kontraktami CFD u niniejszego dostawcy. Zastanów się, czy możesz pozwolić sobie na wysokie ryzyko utraty twoich pieniędzy. ✅ Fortum - prąd i gaz dla firm.https://www.fortum.pl/Kontakt w sprawie współpracy (Kanał Biznes Od Początku):

In this episode, our host and Head of Research, Thilan Wickramasinghe, discusses how optimism surrounding a US-Iran peace deal and the reopening of the Straits of Hormuz is easing inflation concerns and supporting risk assets globally. With oil prices falling and central bank pressures easing, he highlights why Singapore markets could be a key beneficiary, supported by strong liquidity, AI-driven growth and resilient domestic fundamentals.We begin with SGX, where Thilan explains why Maybank is raising its target price and maintaining a BUY call. He discusses how safe-haven inflows, market reforms and corporate restructuring activity are driving higher trading volumes, stronger derivatives activity and a structural improvement in market liquidity.Next, our Analyst, Xuan Hao Toh, shares his views on Singapore Investment and Finance following recent meetings with management. He discusses the company's growth outlook, AI integration strategy and why he reiterates a BUY call on the stock. Thilan then turns to the World Cup, examining how Singapore equities have historically performed during tournament years and highlighting 10 stocks that could benefit from increased travel, hospitality, consumer spending and financial activity. He also shares insights from Maybank's proprietary AI model on the tournament favourite.Finally, Head of Client Engagement, Alex Furber, joins the show to discuss the sharp moves in oil and gold prices following developments in the Middle East. He explains how traders can position for volatility and introduces new opportunities available through Maybank's CFD platform.

Cam Darlington is Global Strategy Expert at Mitrade, the Australian-founded CFD trading platform regulated by ASIC in Australia and CySEC in Europe, offering forex, commodities, indices, shares, and crypto from a single account. A Nova Scotia native based in Hong Kong for the past eight years, Cam brings a dual perspective: a traditional finance background working with brokers expanding across Asia, and recent experience as co-founder and COO of easy.fun, a social trading app built on Solana and Hyperliquid. Why you should listen Cam has a name for the phenomenon most people inside traditional brokerages never see from the trenches: the convergence. TradFi and crypto are collapsing into a single market structure, and the pivot point, he argues, is Washington. With the CLARITY Act working through the Senate and President Trump signing the Integrating Financial Technology Innovation into Regulatory Frameworks executive order in May, digital asset brokers are being ushered toward the core plumbing of the US financial system, including direct access to Federal Reserve payment rails. Add growing regulatory comfort with tokenized stocks trading at parity with their underlying assets, and the discount problem that dogged early real-world-asset experiments like Robinhood's tokenized equities starts to disappear. Tokenized RWAs, Cam says, just became viable. The second-order effects are reshaping market infrastructure itself. When a broker like Robinhood can mint tokenized stocks on its own proprietary chain and handle execution and settlement in-house, it stops feeding liquidity to the public exchanges. Cam frames the exchange's recent moves, including its tokenization partnership with Kraken built on the xStocks framework, as a defensive response to exactly this threat. He speaks from experience here: his team at easy.fun integrated the xStocks API and saw firsthand how thin liquidity gets once you trade beyond Nvidia, Apple, and Tesla. Cam says players most at risk are the centralized crypto exchanges, squeezed between newly crypto-enabled traditional brokerages on one side and purpose-built DeFi venues like Hyperliquid on the other. For traders, Cam's message is about survival. The first year determines whether someone becomes a trader or a statistic, and he is scathing about platforms offering 1,000x leverage to beginners, which he likens to handing a brand-new driver a Ferrari and pointing at the motorway. He makes the case for starting on a regulated platform with guardrails, modest leverage, built-in TradingView charting, and daily strategy feeds, which is precisely the gap Mitrade aims to fill as a companion to a traditional brokerage account.  Supporting links Stabull Finance Mitrade Sign up to Mitrade Andy on Twitter Brave New Coin on Twitter Brave New Coin If you enjoyed the show please subscribe to the Crypto Conversation and give us a 5-star rating and a positive review in whatever podcast app you are using.

Pramono mengubah 109 tiang monorel yang mangkrak 20 tahun di Rasuna Said menjadi simbol politik. Pembongkaran dimulai Januari 2026, lalu pada 10 Mei 2026 ia menggelar CFD perdana sebelum kawasan rampung. “Saya sengaja mengundang ketika belum selesai,” akunya — mengubah proses pembangunan menjadi tontonan yang menegaskan warisannya sebagai gubernur yang membersihkan luka lama kota.

Shaun remembers the soldiers who fought and died for our freedoms. PLUS, Shaun talks to John O'Connor, attorney and author of Postgate: How the Washington Post Betrayed Deep Throat, Covered Up Watergate, and Began Today's Partisan Advocacy Journal, about Trump's new weaponization fund, the copious amounts of evidence that the 2020 election was stolen, and the fraud that infiltrated and coordinated the events on January 6. David Hochberg calls Shaun with a call to arms to help a longtime South Side family business who makes apparel supporting CFD, Shrader's Goods, as the City of Chicago has sent them a cease and desist. And Randy Hultgren, Director of the Alliance of Health Care Sharing Ministries, tells Shaun his story of leaving Obamacare for a Health Care Sharing Ministry and how much it has saved his family.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jumping straight to CFD has become the default move in fire safety engineering, but that habit can quietly weaken our work: more inputs, more assumptions, more ways to be wrong, and often no clearer link to the actual design question. We sit down with Craig Hofmeister and Brian Klein to unpack a practical, defensible way to choose the right fire model for the job using the SFPE guideline “Substantiating a Fire Model for a Given Application.”The broad framework of this work is to define the phenomena of interest and questions at hand, then choose the candidate models and evaluate them through set of core qualities, then address the verification and validation of the models, consider uncertainties and user impact, and finally document the whole process.We walk through the framework step by step, starting where good performance-based design always starts: the questions the model must answer. From sprinkler and detector activation to atrium smoke control, pressurization, visibility and tenability, we talk about translating objectives into key physics and required outputs. That sets up a grounded comparison across hand calculations and algebraic correlations, zone models like CFAST, node network tools like CONTAM and Ventus, and field models like FDS built in PyroSim.From there, we get into the part many projects rush past: verification versus validation, how to use published V&V evidence (and when you are outside the validated scope), and how uncertainty and user effects should shape your confidence. We also address real-world constraints like AHJ expectations and contract requirements, plus practical tools like sensitivity studies, bounding analysis, and grid sensitivity checks to keep complexity from turning into false precision.If you want a cleaner way to defend your modeling decisions to reviewers and stakeholders, this conversation gives you a repeatable process you can build into your own practice.----The Fire Science Show is produced by the Fire Science Media in collaboration with OFR Consultants. Thank you to the podcast sponsor for their continuous support towards our mission.

Chris Stark is leading the UK's Clean Power 2030 mission. As Head of Mission Control at DESNZ, no one sees the constraint costs, grid bottlenecks and reform of National Pricing trade-offs more clearly. The UK is building a clean power system at a pace not seen since the 1960s, connecting record volumes of wind and solar while transmission, storage and gas all reshape around them. Constraint costs have hit £1.7 billion, gas is being squeezed off the system, and the government has just rewritten the rules of the wholesale market.Chris joins Ed Porter to break down what Mission Control is actually delivering, where flexibility and storage fit into the 2030 plan, and what Reformed National Pricing means for investors, generators and consumers.They cover:Why building UK transmission lines takes 8-10 years — and why bringing two projects forward by a year is worth £4bn to consumers.Why the UK chose to build the grid and the generation simultaneously, and the risks that creates.Why the strategic spatial energy plan is the biggest energy decision coming in the next 12 months and how it sets up a "build it once" network for the future.The reform of National Pricing decision, what the wholesale CfD means in practice and how electricity is being de-linked from gas.Why flexibility is the "forgotten third child" of the energy transition and how dunkelflaute, long-duration storage and household batteries fit into the 2030s system.Chris's contrarian take on carbon pricing - why he thinks the Treasury's decision to remove the Carbon Price Support from gas signals carbon pricing is "coming down the list of things that matters.”Want to model how Clean Power 2030, REMA and the wholesale CFD reshape GB power prices? Ko, Modo Energy's AI analyst, is built for exactly these questions. Free sign up: https://modoenergy.com/sign-up?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=youtube&utm_campaign=chris_stark&utm_content=ko_signup────────────────────────────⏱ CHAPTERS00:00 - Introduction01:09 - What everyone gets wrong about Mission Control03:00 - Constraint costs as a UK grid health metric04:30 - Why the £7 billion constraint cost forecast may not land09:18 - The biggest UK transmission build since the 1960s10:36 - Sea Link, Norwich to Tilbury and the £4 billion question15:29 - Building a UK grid ready to double electricity demand by 205017:59 - From centralised transmission to flexible, dynamic networks21:16 - Reform of National Pricing: why the UK said no to zonal28:48 - Wholesale CfDs and decoupling UK power from gas prices37:13 - Flexibility, batteries and the forgotten third pillar42:16 - Markets versus state intervention in UK energy47:28 - Long duration energy storage and the battery technology race49:35 - Managing the UK gas fleet down to 5% by 203053:21 - Chris's contrarian view: the end of carbon pricing?55:42 - Closing thoughtsYou can watch or listen to new episodes every Tuesday. Transmission is a Modo Energy production. Your host is Ed Porter - Director EMEA & APAC at Modo Energy.

Chris Stark is Head of UK's Mission for Clean Power, As Head of Mission Control at DESNZ, no one sees the constraint costs, grid bottlenecks and reform of National Pricing trade-offs more clearly. The UK is building a clean power system at a pace not seen since the 1960s, connecting record volumes of wind and solar while transmission, storage and gas all reshape around them. Constraint costs have hit £1.7 billion, gas is being squeezed off the system, and the government has just rewritten the rules of the wholesale market.Chris joins Ed Porter to break down what Mission Control is actually delivering, where flexibility and storage fit into the 2030 plan, and what Reformed National Pricing means for investors, generators and consumers.They cover:Why building UK transmission lines takes 8-10 years — and why bringing two projects forward by a year is worth £4bn to consumers.Why the UK chose to build the grid and the generation simultaneously, and the risks that creates.Why the strategic spatial energy plan is the biggest energy decision coming in the next 12 months and how it sets up a "build it once" network for the future.The reform of National Pricing decision, what the wholesale CfD means in practice and how electricity is being de-linked from gas.Why flexibility is the "forgotten third child" of the energy transition and how dunkelflaute, long-duration storage and household batteries fit into the 2030s system.Chris's contrarian take on carbon pricing - why he thinks the Treasury's decision to remove the Carbon Price Support from gas signals carbon pricing is "coming down the list of things that matters.”Want to model how Clean Power 2030, REMA and the wholesale CFD reshape GB power prices? Ko, Modo Energy's AI analyst, is built for exactly these questions. Free sign up: https://modoenergy.com/sign-up?utm_source=podcast&utm_medium=youtube&utm_campaign=chris_stark&utm_content=ko_signup────────────────────────────⏱ CHAPTERS00:00 - Introduction01:09 - What everyone gets wrong about Mission Control03:00 - Constraint costs as a UK grid health metric04:30 - Why the £7 billion constraint cost forecast may not land09:18 - The biggest UK transmission build since the 1960s10:36 - Sea Link, Norwich to Tilbury and the £4 billion question15:29 - Building a UK grid ready to double electricity demand by 205017:59 - From centralised transmission to flexible, dynamic networks21:16 - Reform of National Pricing: why the UK said no to zonal28:48 - Wholesale CfDs and decoupling UK power from gas prices37:13 - Flexibility, batteries and the forgotten third pillar42:16 - Markets versus state intervention in UK energy47:28 - Long duration energy storage and the battery technology race49:35 - Managing the UK gas fleet down to 5% by 203053:21 - Chris's contrarian view: the end of carbon pricing?55:42 - Closing thoughtsYou can watch or listen to new episodes every Tuesday. Transmission is a Modo Energy production. Your host is Ed Porter - Director EMEA & APAC at Modo Energy.

Send us Fan MailRod Scholl is the Founder and Principal Analyst at Epsilon FEA, an engineering services company he launched in 2008 to specialize in advanced numerical analysis and simulation-driven problem solving. With nearly two decades at the helm, Rod has built Epsilon FEA into a trusted partner for companies tackling challenging structural, thermal, and dynamic performance problems across a wide range of industries.Before founding Epsilon FEA, Rod spent over a decade at PADT, Inc. as a Specialist Engineer in Analysis. There, he led and executed FEA projects using the ANSYS toolset, supporting everything from early-stage R&D concept exploration to highly regulated FAA and DOT-certified analyses. Rod not only delivered simulations — he helped organizations implement FEA strategically, advising on licensing, training, internal resource development, and competitive advantage through simulation.Earlier in his career, Rod worked at Honeywell Aerospace, where he analyzed and redesigned turbine engine components using closed-form calculations, ANSYS FEA, and life prediction tools. His work resulted in improved component life, material cost savings, and enhanced manufacturability — grounding his simulation expertise in real-world hardware performance.Rod holds a BSME in Engineering Mechanics from Arizona State University and has built his career around one central belief: simulation is most powerful when it's applied with engineering judgment. Through Epsilon FEA, he continues to help engineering teams reduce risk, improve product performance, and make confident, data-backed decisions.LINKS:Guest LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/epsilonfea/Guest website: https://epsilonfea.com/Aaron Moncur, host Subscribe to the show to get notified so you don't miss new episodes every Friday.The Being An Engineer podcast is brought to you by Pipeline Design & Engineering. Pipeline partners with medical & other device engineering teams who need turnkey equipment like cycle test machines, custom test fixtures, automation equipment, assembly jigs, inspection stations and more. You can find us at www.teampipeline.usWatch the show on YouTube: www.youtube.com/@TeamPipelineus 

Send us Fan MailThis week on The Fresh Bunch, the crew welcomes floral powerhouse Amy McCord AIFD, CFD, founder and CEO of Flower Moxie and now author of the visually stunning new book, Blooms Everyday: A Modern Guide to Flower Arranging.Amy joins Jimi, Pinky, Ryan, Mimi and Joel to talk flowers, creativity, confidence and the journey behind creating a floral book designed for both flower lovers and floral pros alike. From “Flower Commandments” to an incredible flower library packed with inspiration, the team shares their favorite moments and why this book is already becoming a must-have resource.  Amy shares her inspiration and approach to creating the book.  The conversation also dives into Amy's newest adventure, The Petal Icon, a fresh and innovative concept that completely blew the Fresh Bunch crew away with its stunning visuals and unique approach to connecting people with flowers.There are laughs, floral insights, behind-the-scenes stories and plenty of inspiration packed into this episode. Tune in, then grab your copy of Blooms Everyday here:https://a.co/d/03v3jIRGCheck out:flowermoxie.comhttps://petalicon.com And don't forget to support the power of flowers this Memorial Day and visit:www.memorialdayflowers.orgFlower Moxie Bulk Wedding Flowers | Fresh Flowers for WeddingsSLAY your DIY wedding flower game with fresh, wholesale flowers that turn your Pinterest board into a reality. Shop 40+ types of flowers online, today! 

Episode #621 of EPARTRADE's Race Industry Now explores the engineering behind high-performance cooling systems for motorsports and performance vehicles with John Pairaktaridis, President of [Delta PAG](https://deltapag.com?utm_source=chatgpt.com). Hosted by Brad Gillie from SiriusXM, Ch. 90, Late Shift.This technical deep dive covers:• Oil cooling efficiency and pressure drop reduction• Brushless electric fan technology• Airflow management and thermal optimization• Water pump engineering• CFD and CAD cooling system development• Packaging constraints in modern race cars• Cooling reliability for high-horsepower applications• Heat exchanger performance and fan blade designLearn how advanced thermal management directly impacts engine reliability, power consistency, aerodynamic efficiency, and overall race performance.Whether you are a race engineer, engine builder, fabricator, crew chief, performance shop, or serious enthusiast, this webinar delivers valuable engineering insight into modern motorsports cooling technology.Presented by ARP, Inc., PEAK, Fifth Third Bank Motorsports, Ferrea Racing Components, CTech Manufacturing, & Race-Fan.#Motorsports #RaceCarEngineering #CoolingSystems #ThermalManagement #OilCooler #BrushlessFans #RaceEngineering #PerformanceEngineering #EngineCooling #AutomotiveEngineering #RaceCars #MotorsportTechnology #CFD #HeatExchanger #HighPerformance #EPARTRADE #DeltaPAG

Dans cet épisode, je reçois Nicolas Chéron, stratégiste indépendant et créateur de contenu finance, pour une discussion autour de la construction d'un modèle d'influence financière durable, indépendant et régulé.Nous avons parlé :Des raisons qui l'ont poussé à quitter les courtiers CFD : entre 75 et 90% de perdants affichés par l'AMF sur leurs publicités, contre 90% de gagnants en bourse indicielle sur 15 ans.De son modèle en quatre étages : partenariats annuels avec des marques qu'il utilise lui-même, collaborations avec des sociétés du CAC 40, ateliers en freemium, et un événement en ligne à 21 000 inscrits.De son choix de ne facturer qu'en fixe à 80%, pour ne jamais avoir à "vendre" ses partenaires à la commission.De l'évolution des pratiques : moins de trading à effet de levier, montée du DCA sur ETF, et retour aux ETF pour ceux qui ont tenté le stock picking sans en avoir le temps.De son allocation personnelle : 70% actions et ETF, 20% métaux, 10% bitcoin — publiée chaque mois, avec le DCA de sa femme qui surperforme le S&P 500 depuis trois ans et demi.De la certification d'influenceur responsable de l'AMF et de l'ARPP : Nicolas a été parmi les premiers à la passer et insiste pour que les mentions commerciales apparaissent au début des messages, pas en bas de page.De son refus de monétiser la crypto malgré le manque à gagner, en raison du niveau de scams et des risques spécifiques au contexte français.Une conversation qui décortique sans fard comment construire une indépendance éditoriale dans la finance, à rebours des logiques d'influence court-termiste.Recommandations de Nicolas:“Investir en Bourse avec les ETF”, le Prince des ETF https://www.amazon.fr/Investir-Bourse-avec-ETF-Construire-ebook/dp/B0D5TRSPNQ?ref_=ast_author_mpbles cahiers d'activités de Mathias Baccino http://www.michel-lafon.fr/auteur/1945-Matthias+BaccinoLiens utiles:Nicolas Chéron: https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicolas-cheron/Glossaire pour les acronymes:AMF: Autorité des Marchés Financiers. Le régulateur français des marchés financiers et des produits d'investissement.ARPP: Autorité de Régulation Professionnelle de la Publicité. L'organisme d'autorégulation de la publicité en France, qui a co-développé la certification d'influenceur responsable avec l'AMF.CFD: Contract for Difference. Produit financier dérivé qui permet de spéculer sur la hausse ou la baisse d'un actif sans le détenir réellement, souvent avec effet de levier.DCA: Dollar Cost Averaging. Stratégie d'investissement qui consiste à investir une somme fixe à intervalles réguliers, quel que soit le niveau du marché.ETF: Exchange Traded Fund. Fonds indiciel coté en bourse qui réplique la performance d'un indice.PEA: Plan d'Épargne en Actions. Enveloppe fiscale française permettant d'investir en actions européennes avec une exonération d'impôt sur les plus-values après 5 ans.***************************Cet épisode est produit et animé par Solenne Niedercorn, fondatrice de Finscale.

Ingmar Jungnickel, an expert aerodynamicist, earned this distinction for his work with US Speedskating, where he developed a revolutionary team pursuit technique known as the 'American Push'. This strategy used advanced simulation and computer modeling to help the team break world records. His career includes: Specialized Bicycles: He led the aerodynamics department, overseeing the development of high-performance bikes like the S-Works Tarmac and Venge. US Speedskating: He serves as the Chair of the Sports Science Commission and is the 2018 US Olympic Committee Sports Science Coach of the Year. Innovation: He is the founder of AiRO, an AI-powered platform that uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to provide aerodynamic bike fitting without a wind tunnel. Aerodynamics plays a significant role in cycling performance, often more so than the weight of the bike. Ingmar emphasizes that many athletes mistakenly believe that a lighter bike is the key to speed. However, the real challenge lies in minimizing aerodynamic drag.  By focusing on reducing drag, cyclists can improve their efficiency and speed without the need to invest heavily in new equipment. This insight is crucial for all cyclists, particularly those who may not have access to high-end gear or professional training. One of the most exciting developments at AiRO is the introduction of the Digital Airo Twin technology. Ingmar explains that this innovative approach allows for the creation of a 3D model of an athlete based on just a few photos. This model can then be adjusted for various parameters like limb length and body fat percentage, enabling customized aerodynamic assessments. This technology democratizes access to aerodynamic testing, making it feasible for everyday athletes to optimize their performance without the high costs associated with traditional wind tunnel testing. 0:00:03 - Introduction and welcome 0:01:04 - Journey into aerodynamics 0:03:11 - Development of aerodynamic testing technologies. 0:10:58 - Digital twin technology and its applications 0:16:22 – How AiRO is used by athletes and Fitters 0:28:49 - Upcoming developments and industry impact 0:42:57 – Final thoughts LINKS: AiRO at https://www.airo.app/  

Nicholas Gaudern from PowerCurve joins to discuss SilentEdge serrations with up to 5 dB noise reduction, Dragon Scale VGs for AEP recovery, and their approach to products that actually perform in the field. Contact PowerCurve on LinkedIn for more information. Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly newsletter on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard’s StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on YouTube, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary’s “Engineering with Rosie” YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us! Welcome to Uptime Spotlight, shining Light on Wind. Energy’s brightest innovators. This is the Progress Powering tomorrow. Allen Hall: Nicholas, welcome back to the show.  Nicholas Gaudern: Thanks, Allen. Always a pleasure.  Allen Hall: Well, there’s a lot of new products coming outta PowerCurve. And PowerCurve is the aerodynamic leader in add-ons and making your turbines perform at higher efficiency with less loss. Uh, so basically taking that standard OEM blade and making it work the way it was intended to work. Nicholas Gaudern: Yes. We  Allen Hall: like to  Nicholas Gaudern: think so. Yeah.  Allen Hall: And there’s a, there’s a lot of new technology that you’ve been working on in the lab that you haven’t been able to explore to the, introduce to the world, so to speak. Yeah. And we’ve seen some of it from the inside of, you know, you’re working behind the scenes or working really hard to get this done, but now that technology has been released to the world, and we’re gonna introduce it today, some new trailing edge. [00:01:00] Components. Yeah. That really, really reduce the noise. But they, they look a little bit odd. Yes. There’s a lot of ADON dams going on with  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah.  Allen Hall: With these. So what, what do you call these new trailing edge parts?  Nicholas Gaudern: So, so what you have in your hand here? This is the Silence edge, uh, serration. So this is our new trailing Edge Serration products. Now, most people, when they think of training restorations, they are thinking of triangles.  Allen Hall: Exactly.  Nicholas Gaudern: These Dino tails. Dino Tails, that’s the Siemens, Siemens name for them. Pretty, pretty standard. You see ’em on a lot of turbines now. Sure. And they work, you know, they do do a job. They do a job. They reduce noise. But like with lots of things in, in aerodynamics, there’s lots of different ways that you can solve a problem and some are better than others. So we’ve worked for a long, long time in the wind tunnel, uh, in the CFD simulations, and we’ve come up with this pretty unique shape. We think,  Allen Hall: well, the, the, the shape is unique and if you, if you look at it, there’s actually different heights to the, the triangle, so to speak. To mix the air from the pressure and the [00:02:00] suction side to reduce the, the level of noise coming off the blade  Nicholas Gaudern: e Exactly. So we have, uh, we have an asymmetry to the part. We have these different tooth lengths. We have, uh, a lot of changes in thickness going on across the part. So it may be a little bit difficult to see on the camera, but these are quite sculpted 3D components. They’re not, they’re not flat stock white triangles. No, no. There’s a lot of thickness detail going on here. We’ve paid a lot of attention to the edges. We’ve paid a lot of attention to these gaps between the teeth as well. So all of this is about trying to figure out what is the best way to reduce noise. And something that not a lot of people will, will admit, but it’s true, is that as an industry we don’t really understand the fundamentals of how serrations work.  Allen Hall: It’s a complicated  Nicholas Gaudern: problem. It’s a really complicated thing. Problem, yeah. Yes. So trying to simulate it in CFD is an absolute nightmare. The, the mesh sizes required, the physics models required are really, really difficult. So what we found is that you’re probably better off spending [00:03:00] most of your time and money in the wind tunnel. Yes. So, so we go to DTU, they have this wonderful, uh, air acoustic wind tunnel, the pool of core tunnel. It’s one the best tunnels in the industry for doing this kind of work. It  Allen Hall: is  Nicholas Gaudern: because you can measure acoustics and aerodynamics at the same time. So this allows us to do a lot of very cost effective iteration for this kind of design work. So we know what’s important. You know, we’ve, we’ve studied all the different parameters of serrations lengths, aspect ratios, angles, thicknesses, all this kind of stuff. And it’s about bringing them together into a, into a coherent product. So this is, this is a result of a lot of design of experiments, a lot of iteration, and combining wind tunnel and CFD to kind of get the best of both of those tools. So,  Allen Hall: so what’s the. Noise reduction compared to those standard triangular trailing aerations. Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: So there’s lots of different ways of, of thinking about noise reduction, but I think probably the most useful is the O-A-S-P-L. So this is the overall sound pressure level. Right. Is kind of what [00:04:00]typically you’ll be measuring in an IEC test.  Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: And that’s measured in decibels, but a way to decibels because it’s important that we’re waiting to what the human ear can actually hear. Right. Perceive. Exactly. So that’s the numbers we report. For the field test we’ve recently completed with Silent Edge, we’re seeing up to five decibels of O-A-S-P-L noise reduction.  Allen Hall: Okay. So what’s that mean in terms of what I hear on the ground?  Nicholas Gaudern: So that is an absolutely huge reduction. It’s multiple times of reduction because you know, decibels on a log scale,  Allen Hall: right? Nicholas Gaudern: So five DB is is enormous. It’s  Allen Hall: a lot. Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: And what’s really interesting is that if you have a turbine that’s running in a noise mode, just one decibel reduction. Of power, sound, sound, power level might be three or 4% P loss. I mean, that, that’s, that’s huge. Think about that loss. So if you need to reduce noise by five decibels to get within a regulation, imagine how much a EP you have to throw away by basically turning down the [00:05:00] turbine to do that. Allen Hall: That’s right.  Nicholas Gaudern: So that’s really what the, the business case for these kind of products is. It means you can escape noise modes because as soon as you use a noise mode. You are throwing away energy.  Allen Hall: You’re throwing well you’re throwing away profits.  Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly.  Allen Hall: So you’re just losing money to reduce the noise. Now you can operate at peak.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yep.  Allen Hall: Power output without the creating the noise where you have that risk. Right. So, and particularly in a lot of countries now, there are noise regulations. Yes. And they are very well monitored.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yep.  Allen Hall: We’re seeing it more and more where, uh, government agencies are coming out and checking. Yes. ’cause they have a complaint and so you get a complaint. Oh, that’s fine. Or someone can complain. Yeah. You know, you need to be making your numbers.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yep. And, and the industry needs to be good neighbors, you know? It  Allen Hall: certainly does.  Nicholas Gaudern: Uh, we have to make sure that people are, you know, approving and comfortable with having wind turbines in their backyard. Sure. And noise is a big part of that.  Allen Hall: It is.  Nicholas Gaudern: So yeah. Ap sure. That’s really important. Being a good [00:06:00] neighbor also important.  Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: Meeting the regulations. Obviously you have to meet the regulations. So this product, um, has been through a really long development cycle, and we’re now putting the final touches to the, to the tooling. So this is available now.  Allen Hall: Oh, wow.  Nicholas Gaudern: Okay. Great. Um, and we’re hoping that in the next uh, few months we’ll be getting even more turbines equipped out in the field with, with the technology.  Allen Hall: So, oh, sure. There’s a, you think about the number of turbines that are in service, hundreds of thousands total worldwide. A lot of them have no noise reduction at all.  Nicholas Gaudern: No. No.  Allen Hall: And they have a lot of complaints from the neighbors.  Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly.  Allen Hall: Trying to expand wind into new areas, uh, is hard because the, the experience of the previous Yes. Neighbor  Nicholas Gaudern: Yep.  Allen Hall: Grows into future neighbors. So fixing the turbines you have out in sight today helps you get the next site. I know we don’t always think about that, but that’s exactly how it works. Yeah, of course. Uh, we need to be conscientious of the people of the turbines we have in service right now. So that we can continue to grow wind [00:07:00] globally and more regulations on noise are gonna come unless we start taking care of the problem ourselves. Nicholas Gaudern: Yep. And another really important thing with Serrations is that you have to design them so that they don’t impact the loads on the rest of the turbine.  Allen Hall: Right. And people forget about that.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes.  Allen Hall: Can you just, can’t just throw up any device up there. And think, well, my blade’s gonna be happy with it. It may not be happy with that device. Nicholas Gaudern: You have to really carefully understand what the existing blade aerodynamic signature is.  Allen Hall: Sure.  Nicholas Gaudern: How is that blade performing? What is the lift distribution across the span? Yeah.  Allen Hall: Right. Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: So what we do, and we, we’ve talked about it before we go and laser scan blades. We build CAD models, we build CFD models so we can actually understand how much lift a blade can take and what’s the benefit or the penalty of doing so. So these serrations are designed by default to be load neutral. They won’t increase lift. They won’t reduce lift. That’s what  Allen Hall: it should  Nicholas Gaudern: be. That’s where you should start,  Allen Hall: right?  Nicholas Gaudern: And maybe there’s some scope to do something else [00:08:00] on certain turbines, but you shouldn’t, you shouldn’t guess. You, you need to calculate, you need to simulate, you need to think very carefully about that. So that’s what we do with these, uh, with these serrations, we go through this very careful aerodynamic design process to make sure that they reduce noise and that’s it. They don’t increase loads, they don’t reduce AP by killing lift. And that’s, that’s an important aspect.  Allen Hall: Well, that’s the goal.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes,  Allen Hall: exactly. I don’t necessarily want to increase power. I don’t wanna put more load in my blade, but people do that. I’ve seen that happen and man, they regret it.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, regret it. There’s, there’s some pretty wild claims out there as well about observations can and can’t do. And uh, like with lots of things, it’s important to just do the simulations, speak to some experts and, um. Yeah, maybe take the, the less exciting path, you know, sometimes,  Allen Hall: well, no. Yeah. Well, less exciting path where I don’t have a broken blade.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, exactly.  Allen Hall: Yeah. That’s a lot less exciting. It’s, it’s definitely more profitable. Now, the Dragon Scale Vortex generator has been [00:09:00] around about a year or so.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yep, yep.  Allen Hall: And the thing about these devices, and they’re so unique, interesting to think about because you typically think of a vortex generator as this being this little bit of a fence. Where you are tripping the air and making it fall back down onto the blade.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yep.  Allen Hall: A really, it works.  Nicholas Gaudern: It works.  Allen Hall: But it’s it’s  Nicholas Gaudern: been around a long time.  Allen Hall: Yeah. Yeah. It, it does, it does do this thing. And they, they were, they came outta the aviation business. We use ’em on airplanes to keep air flow over the control surfaces so we can continue to fly even in close to stall conditions. All that makes sense. And airplanes are not a wind turbine.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes.  Allen Hall: So there’s different things happening there. So although they work great on on aircraft, they’re not necessarily the most efficient thing for a wind turbine where you’re trying to generate power and revenue from the rotation of the blades. Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly.  Allen Hall: So this is a completely different way of thinking about getting the airflow back onto the blade where it produces [00:10:00] revenue.  Nicholas Gaudern: And what’s really nice is to actually see this together with silent edge, because historically, and maybe not even historically. Serrations VGs, they’re triangles. They work, they do a job. But that doesn’t mean you can’t do it in a different way. In a better way.  Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: And that’s the same principles from applying with Silence Edge and Dragon Scale. We want to work the flow in the most efficient way possible.  Allen Hall: Right. You’re trying to get to an  outcome.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, exactly.  Allen Hall: Efficiently.  Nicholas Gaudern: We want to, we want to target very specific things on the blade, and that’s where you can see there’s a few different styles of Dragon Scale that we have on the table here. We have some that are two fins. We have some that are three fins. We have different sizes, and this is because they’re tailored to different parts of the blade. So these three Fin Dragon scales, their focus is ultimate lift. We are creating a really powerful vortex through this combination of three air foils, if you imagine, um, the inside of a Turbo fan. You have these cascading air force. [00:11:00] You look at the leading edge slacks on an aircraft. You look at the front wing of a Formula one car. It’s that kind of concept.  Allen Hall: It’s like that,  Nicholas Gaudern: and it’s these air force that are cooperating with each other.  Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: To end up with a more beneficial result. ‘ Allen Hall: cause an air force by itself does a function, but when you combine airflows together in the right way  Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly. Allen Hall: You can really control airflow efficiently, less losses. More of what you want out the backside. Yeah, exactly. It’s, it’s the backside you’re trying to work on, on a VG or, or dragon scales. You’re trying to create this flow which gets the airflow back onto the blade to create power. We,  Nicholas Gaudern: we want as much attached flow as possible and down exactly down in the roots of a blade. We have to have really thick aerofoils, you know, blades about round. They’re basically cylinders.  Allen Hall: Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: And that, that’s essential, right? We have to have the blade take a lot of load into the root aerodynamically. They’re horrible.  Allen Hall: Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: So this is where these, uh, these powerful Dragon Scale VGs come into play because what they do is they’re [00:12:00] reenergizing the flow over the aerofoils, and they’re ensuring that that flow remains attached for much, much longer than if those bgs weren’t there. So down in the root, you’ll get significant boosts to the lift that those sections can generate. And what’s more lift? It goes to more torque, it goes to more power, goes to more a EP. So these dragon scale VGs in the root are there to boost, lift, and boost EP out on the tip of the blade. Things are actually a little bit different because it’s way different. You shouldn’t really have stall there to begin with if your blade’s been designed well.  Allen Hall: But if you have leading edge erosion exactly. Or some other things that are happening, you can have real aerodynamic problems.  Nicholas Gaudern: So yeah, as soon as you have erosion, uh, maybe your stall margin is not as big as you thought it was. You’re starting to get some significant losses of lift Yes out towards the tip of the blade. So that’s where these, uh, TwoFin uh, variants come in. So it’s still a dragon scale vg, it’s still the same concept of these cascading error foils. Yeah, but these are [00:13:00] designed for basically ultimate lift to drag ratio. Mm-hmm. So we don’t really want more maximum lift outta the tip. We kind of have enough, but what we do want is to keep stable attached flow and we want to do it for the less, uh, least drag penalty possible. So basically we want to get rid of as much parasitic drag as we can. These two fin dragon scales, we are seeing 25 plus percent improvements in lift to drag ratio. Compared to a standard triangle vg. I mean that’s huge.  Allen Hall: That that is really  Nicholas Gaudern: huge.  Allen Hall: That’s huge, right? Because people have seen these, uh, triangular VGs in a lot of places. And one thing I’m noticing more recently is that those VGs, because they’re so draggy, they tend to flutter and they tend to break in just off. Nicholas Gaudern: Interesting.  Allen Hall: So you’re having this failure mode because this thing is just blocking the air, getting the air to trip.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah.  Allen Hall: It’s not efficient. It does have its downsides ’cause it is. D definitely drag. Just face it, it’s it, is it a draggy [00:14:00] 1940s technology? That’s what it is. Where with the dragon scales, now we’re doing things a lot more efficiently and thinking about how do I get the airflow that the blade designer originally wanted? Nicholas Gaudern: Yes,  Allen Hall: because the blade designer, they’re really intelligent people. They’re, they’re sitting designing blades. But the reality is what you design is on an ideal airflow, and what you have out in service are totally different things. As, as it turns out, the shape of the airflow is not what you think it is because it comes out of the tool and there’s a lot of touching with by humans that are grinding on the leading edges and doing the things that have to be done to manufacture it. So you don’t really have an ideal blade when it comes out of the  Nicholas Gaudern: No. You  Allen Hall: never do factory. No, you never do.  Nicholas Gaudern: And it’s not polished either.  Allen Hall: It’s not polished. Right. So  Nicholas Gaudern: when you go to the wind tunnel, you have a perfect profile. Yes. And it’s polished. And it works basically. It  Allen Hall: works great. It  Nicholas Gaudern: works great.  Allen Hall: The theoretical and the actual match. Yeah. In reality they do. I think a lot of operators are not [00:15:00] connected with that reality of, Hey, that Blade should be producing this amount of revenue for me, and it’s not. And you hear that discussion all the time, particularly in the us. It should be producing this amount of power. I’m doing all the calculations. We are not producing that power. Why? The blade length’s saying, but the power’s not coming out of it. Well take a look at your leading edge, take a look at your yard full of shape and realize you’re going to have to do something like dragon scales to get that E energy. Exactly. Revenue back.  Nicholas Gaudern: You need to do a full aerodynamic health check. Basically you do. And see what are all the possibilities to improve my blade performance. And some of it is down to the fundamental shape of the blade,  Allen Hall: right?  Nicholas Gaudern: But some of it is down to blade condition. Yes. Blade Blade manufacturing quality.  Allen Hall: Yes.  Nicholas Gaudern: Uh, what kind of paint did they put on it? What day of the week was it made? And all these things can be compensated for by VGs and you’ll get more revenue out at the end.  Allen Hall: You say? ’cause what happens? The, the, the scenario which is hard to visualize unless [00:16:00] you’re an A and emesis, is that there comes on the suction side, and it should be, in a ideal sense, rolling all the way to the back edge of the blade and coming off. What happens is though, is that. When you get leading edge erosion is that the air flow actually separates. Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: It  Allen Hall: doesn’t  Nicholas Gaudern: always make it, yeah.  Allen Hall: Doesn’t make it to the back edge. Yeah. And so you can see that, especially if, if there’s dirt in the air, you can look on dirty blades, you can see where that separation line is, and a lot of operators have sky specs, images or Zeit view images, and then go back and look at the blades. It takes two minutes to go. I have  Nicholas Gaudern: particularly down in the root, you’ll see it.  Allen Hall: Oh, in the root all the time. You, you  Nicholas Gaudern: see it really clearly that that separation line  Allen Hall: all the time, you really see that separation line. I’m seeing it more and more up towards the tip. Interesting. That’s where the lightning protection, yeah. Systems sit.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah.  Allen Hall: I see a lot of airflow that is not front to back on the suc. Well, you  Nicholas Gaudern: have a lot of three dimensional flow out there.  Allen Hall: You do towards the tip you do. And you realize how much power you’re losing there. And I think operators are just throwing away money.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah, exactly.  Allen Hall: So you could [00:17:00] put dragon skills on it very efficiently, very quickly. Get that revenue back into your system and it’s gonna stay. So even if leading edge erosion happens, the dragon scales are gonna compensate for it. It’s gonna get the airflow back where it should be.  Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly. And the nice thing about this is, you know, we are building on well over a decade of upgrading turbines with aerodynamic components. Oh yes. So this technology stands on the foundations of all of that work. In terms of the materials, the work instructions. Um, the fatigue calculate, you know, everything  Allen Hall: Yes.  Nicholas Gaudern: Is built on thousands of installations that we’ve done. Yes. So, although it’s a new technology aerodynamically, it’s not really new in lots of sensors. Allen Hall: Well, I look at it this way. If you turn on Formula One today and look at what the new generation of cars running around as you look at the, that front. Yes. Uh. Fin. Yeah. What do I call it? Air foil shape in the front. It’s super complicated.  Nicholas Gaudern: The sculpting of the [00:18:00] surfaces is really impressive,  Allen Hall: right? There’s a lot of thought going into those surfaces versus you turn on a Formula One race or go on YouTube and look at a Formula One race from the 1980s. Yeah, it’s basically a piece.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah.  Allen Hall: To provide down downforce. That’s it. The aerodynamics wasn’t really there, so we come a long way and a lot of that technology that happens in Formula One that happens in aviation eventually rolls down into. Yeah. Wind.  Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly  Allen Hall: right. So we, we, although we are not designing Formula One style blaze today, we’re taking that same knowledge and information and we’re applying that back in. Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah. We’re  Allen Hall: secondarily we,  Nicholas Gaudern: which is a right thing to do. We’re taking, taking inspiration from all these different aerodynamic fields and, you know, picking the best  Allen Hall: Yes.  Nicholas Gaudern: From what’s available and just allowing ourselves to be a little bit more creative.  Allen Hall: Yes.  Nicholas Gaudern: And thinking outside the box a bit. There’s so many ways to do this as we’ve been saying. And the import. And the  Allen Hall: data’s there.  Nicholas Gaudern: The data’s there. Exactly.  Allen Hall: The data’s there because you’ve been at the DTU Yep. Uh, wind Tunnel, which also has the acoustic piece to it. Yeah. So you have measured data from a reliable source. [00:19:00] You have field data, and you know, you put all these together, you’re gonna get that improvement back. You’re gonna get your invest back, you’ll be more profitable.  Nicholas Gaudern: So Dragon Scale, focus on the AP. And that a EP will, uh, vary depending on the turbine.  Allen Hall: Sure.  Nicholas Gaudern: But we’ll assess the turbine and, and decide the best configuration, and then say silent edge. That’s the focus on the noise reduction. And we’re seeing up to five decibels OASP on the field. It’s, which  Allen Hall: is crazy.  Nicholas Gaudern: It’s even more That’s really good that we were hoping for, you know?  Allen Hall: Yeah.  Nicholas Gaudern: So we, we know this is gonna be a, a great product.  Allen Hall: It looks very interesting.  Nicholas Gaudern: It does.  Allen Hall: It does it. It looks complicated and you think air airflow is complicated. It’s a compressible fluid. It’s not easy to, to just assume it’s gonna do what you think it is. Yeah. You need to get into the tunnel. You need to replicate, you need to do all that work, which is expensive in time consuming. That’s why you go to someone like Power. Curver knows what they’re doing in the wind tunnel, knows how to measure those things and know when they’re getting nonsense. Out of their computer. I  Nicholas Gaudern: mean, you, you’ll pay thousands and thousands of [00:20:00] Euros dollars a day to run a wind tunnel.  Allen Hall: You will.  Nicholas Gaudern: You’ve gotta Absolutely. You’ve gotta turn up with your plan in hand, that’s for sure.  Allen Hall: Oh, oh yeah, yeah, yeah. And I think there’s a lot of assumptions because it, aerodynamics is hard. You know, you watch these blade spin around, you don’t realize how complicated these devices are. They are complicated. Those air force shapes we are running today have been through a lot of history, a lot of history to get to where we are now. Now we’re just gonna take him into the next generation. This, we’re bringing ’em into the two thousands. In sort of a  Nicholas Gaudern: sense, what I’m hoping to see is, you know, with the OEMs, some OEMs do it already, but it’s important to think about these components when you’re designing new blades as well, you should because then that will allow you a much bigger design space to work in. And  Allen Hall: a lot less customer complaints.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes.  Allen Hall: Where’s my power?  Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly. You know, these products, particularly the VGs, are really important tools for PowerCurve robustness. And some OEMs have known this for a long, long time.  Allen Hall: Yep.  Nicholas Gaudern: And you’ll see VGs on most of their blades. Mm-hmm. Others not so much. And that’s a design choice. It’s a design philosophy. Um, and I think it may not [00:21:00] be the right one, you know?  Allen Hall: Well, I think the operators are asking to get the most out of their turbines. Yeah. Why shouldn’t they? They should be asking for that.  Nicholas Gaudern: I think for a, for a long time, and it’s not just in wind devices, like these have been considered, you know, band-aids fixes when you’ve, you’ve messed something up. But I feel that’s a really negative way to think about products like this. They’re doing something that the kind of raw air fall shape on its own cannot achieve. Sure. Oh no. Right. You know, you might be able to mold some interesting stuff. Uh, as part of the blade, it’s very difficult to, to recreate the kind of aerodynamic effects that these products, uh, have. Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: So they shouldn’t be considered bandaids or fixes. No. They should be considered opportunities. And ways that you can maximize performance and unlock areas of the design space that previously weren’t accessible to.  Allen Hall: Sure. Every possible component that deals with fluid air is moving this way.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes.  Allen Hall: Jet engines, you look at jet engine, how much more is going into those jet engines today in terms of this kind of [00:22:00] technology? Yeah. All the race colors, doesn’t matter what class, where it is, is all looking at this anything to do with aircraft, it’s all over this.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah,  Allen Hall: exactly. Or, or doing this today. It’s just wind that’s behind  Nicholas Gaudern: wind. Wind is  Allen Hall: significantly  Nicholas Gaudern: behind. No,  Allen Hall: it’s not magic. It’s proven technology. It’s  Nicholas Gaudern: just good engineering. Allen Hall: Well, it’s good engineering and if you call PowerCurve, they’re gonna help you under to to, to understand what you have today and what you could have tomorrow.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes.  Allen Hall: And how this, these devices will improve your revenue stream.  Nicholas Gaudern: Exactly. You know, we will look at your blades, we’ll give you some good advice and maybe that advice will be that. You know, a certain product isn’t right for your blade. Right. That’s fine.  Allen Hall: That’s an answer.  Nicholas Gaudern: That’s an answer.  Allen Hall: Yeah, it is.  Nicholas Gaudern: But let’s, let’s look at the blade. Let’s see what’s possible, and let’s just have a, have a proper conversation about it over some real data, some real  Allen Hall: facts. Right. I think that’s the key, and a lot of operators are afraid to talk about aerodynamics is it’s, it’s a difficult area to, to start the conversation on, right? Yeah. But I think at the end of the day, when I work with PowerCurve, and I’ve worked with you guys for a [00:23:00] number of years, the answers I get back are intelligent and they’re not. Super complicated. This is what you’re gonna see. This is the improvement. And then we can, this is how we’re going to show you can get that improvement. It’s not magic,  Nicholas Gaudern: no  Allen Hall: power crews backing up with data, which I think is the key, right? Because you’re the, you do hear a lot of noise in this industry about magical products that’ll do all these things. Particularly aerodynamic ones. Yes. PowerCurves, the ones really bringing the data.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah. And we have, we have the track record now. We have like we do 17, 1800 turbines. Should be over 2000 very soon with our products on. Yeah. So we have a lot, we have a lot of data to draw on to know that we’re doing a good thing.  Allen Hall: Well, and speaking of that, because one of the questions that always pops up is, well, we have put these new VGs or trailing edges on, are they gonna stay on? How durable are they?  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah. And that’s a, that’s a really important question to ask was it doesn’t matter how fancy aerodynamic product is, if it falls off the blade.  Allen Hall: Right.  Nicholas Gaudern: So, you know, we’ve spent a lot of, uh, time and effort looking at how we should be fixing these products on. [00:24:00] So we use a, uh, a wet adhesive. We specify a plexus adhesive to put our products in place. Really good adhesive. It’s a great adhesive and it means that they are not going anywhere. Basically. It’s a very, uh, forgiving adhesive. Uh, and it’s a very high spec. So we, we don’t use, uh, sided tape. We might have some of our products for some initial tack to help, you know, get the clear, the clear outta the line exactly. But in terms of the bond itself, that is with a, a proper structural adhesive. So one thing that we are really proud of is that we haven’t got any, uh, reported failures of our panels over all the installations we’ve made. And that’s a combination of materials, but also geometry, work, instructions, adhesive. It’s, it’s the full package. So it’s something that, um, yes, say we’re very proud of. And I think it’s, it’s a big part of what we do at PowerCurve, making sure the product is the right shape. Sure. But also making sure it stays on the blade.  Allen Hall: Well, you see it [00:25:00] from OEMs who have all kinds of aerodynamic treatments on there, and they’ll double set a tape to the blade, and then those parts are on the ground. Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah. And double-sided tape. You can get some really nice spec tape. Sure.  Allen Hall: You,  Nicholas Gaudern: yeah. But it’s not  a  Allen Hall: 20 year device.  Nicholas Gaudern: No. And the installation tolerance required on surface prep is really, really high. So it’s possible. It’s just harder. I think it’s riskier,  Allen Hall: it’s risky.  Nicholas Gaudern: So, you know, I think for us, the adhesive is, is the way to go. And, and it’s been proven out by the, by the track record.  Allen Hall: And some of the things we’ve seen over in Australia is when trailing ulcerations have come off, it’s been a safety concern. So now you got  Nicholas Gaudern: absolutely  Allen Hall: government officials involved in safety because parts are coming up. Turbine.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yeah.  Allen Hall: You  Nicholas Gaudern: can’t have these components flying, flying through the air. That’s, that’s not safe.  Allen Hall: That’s because PowerCurve has done the homework.  Nicholas Gaudern: Yes.  Allen Hall: And has the track record. That’s why you wanna choose PowerCurve. So how do people get a hold of PowerCurve? How do they get a hold of you, Nicholas, to start the process?  Nicholas Gaudern: So, um, you’re welcome to reach out to us in lots of different ways. We’re on LinkedIn. Uh, we have our website, [00:26:00] PowerCurve, dk, um, so yeah, LinkedIn websites. There’ll probably some links on this podcast as well to get in touch. But, um, yeah, whatever way works best for you.  Allen Hall: Yeah, it’s gonna be a busy season. So if you’re interested in doing anything with PowerCurve this year, you need to get on the website, get ahold of Nicholas. And get started, uh, because now’s the time to maximize your revenue.  Nicholas Gaudern: Thanks a lot and great to talk to you,  Allen Hall: Nicholas. Thanks so much for being back on the podcast.

In this episode of the Laidback Bike Report, we go behind the scenes of one of the most exciting and secretive recent developments in the recumbent world: The Theta Velomobile. For months, a small team of 4 scientists and engineers in Germany worked in total silence, even hiding their Strava data to keep their project a secret from the "nosy folks" on the German Velomobile Forum. They decided to move beyond modifying existing designs like the DFXL to start with a completely clean slate. The result is a 19kg racing machine that didn't just meet expectations—it dominated. In its public debut at Aldenhoven, the Theta shattered the long-standing 4,000m world record and went on to set a new 24-hour relay record with an average speed of 64 km/h. In this interview, one of the designers-Julian Kraft-discusses:-Lightweight Engineering: How the team achieved a race-ready weight of just 19kg. -The "Secret" Strategy: Why they kept the project hidden until the very last moment. -World-Class Testing: The transition from digital CFD simulations to real-world track testing and world record attempts. -Daily Utility vs. Racing: Why the Theta was designed not just for the track, but for day-to-day commuting and travel. Whether you are interested in high-end aerodynamics, lightweight carbon fiber construction, or the thrill of world-record HPV racing, you won't want to miss this deep dive into the Theta Project.00:00:00  Intro00:00:30  What's on Today's Show00:01:13  Panel Introduction00:02:15  Sponsor Introduction00:07:20  Honza Galla with Recumbent News Segment00:13:45  Julian Kraft Interview on the Theta Velomobile01:17:35  Julian responds to questions and comments on the Theta01:34:00  Larry Seidman with the Recumbent Sports Report01:42:20  Sponsor Thanks01:47:25  Announcements01:49:20  Goodbye to panel and crewPlease subscribe to us on YouTube (https://goo.gl/CHOOgX) and Like us on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/laidbackbikereport/) if you haven't already done so. Lot's more info and you can also buy a hat on our website: https://www.laidbackbikereport.com/.We would love to have you as a Patreon Patron where you can support all we do for as little as $1/month. Check out how it works and the benefits you can reap here: https://www.patreon.com/laidbackbikereport*Thanks to these wonderful sponsors for making the LBR webcast possible*TerraCycle  https://t-cycle.com/  800-371-5871TerraTrike/Greenspeed https://wizwheelz.com/  800-945-9910Laidback Cycles https://laidbackcycles.com/   916-668-8766Bicycle Man https://bicycleman.com/ 607-587-8835AZUB https://azub.eu/  RecumbentPDX https://recumbentpdx.com/  503-231-1000Steintrikes https://stein-trikes-us.com/  931-237-0889Utah Trikes http://utahTrikes.com 866-446-2065Catrike http://catrike.com 407-999-0200Bacchetta Bikes http://bacchettabikes.com 818-358-2740Angletech cycledifferent.com 719-687-7475HP Velotechnik https://www.hpvelotechnik.com/ Grin Technologies https://ebikes.ca/ (604)-569-0902*Guest Links*Spezi 2026  https://en.spezialradmesse.de/Julian Kraft  https://www.facebook.com/julian.kraft.142German Velomobile Forum  https://www.velomobilforum.de/forum/Larry's Sports ReportMichigan HPV Rally  https://mhpva.blogspot.com/**Viewer Submissions or Questions**Send to laidbackbikereport@gmail.comSupport the show

Connect with Luca on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/l-masi/In this episode, Luca Masi, VP Global Sales and Business Development at ToffeeX shares his journey from space engineering to leading the commercial side of ToffeeX, one of the most advanced thermo-fluid generative design platforms in the world.He breaks down how ToffeeX cracked a problem that eluded the industry for years: real thermo-fluid topology optimization.We discuss:How Luca moved from CFD & rocket combustion analysis into sales, business, and ultimately ToffeeXWhat makes ToffeeX fundamentally different from AI-only generative toolsWhy thermo-fluid design is so hard, and how ToffeeX solved itHow engineers can design better and faster using physics-driven automationThe role of physics vs. AI - and why the future is hybrid

Connect with Haris on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/charilaos-haris-kokkinos-7601b419/At another episode of Realize Live 2025 in Amsterdam, we speak with Charilaos (Haris) Kokkinos, Technical Manager at FEAC Engineering, a company specializing in numerical simulations, digital twins, and advanced digitalization technologies. FEAC collaborates closely with the Siemens Simcenter portfolio, delivering high-fidelity simulations and real-time digital twin solutions across aerospace, defense, naval, and industrial applications.In this episode, Haris breaks down what a true digital twin really is - beyond buzzwords, beyond AR/VR, and beyond simple sensor data. He reveals why digital twins require physics-based simulations, sensor integration, and AI-driven reduced-order models working together to enable real-time, real-world predictive behavior.

Connect with Wendy on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/wendy-luiten-a3b5173/At another insightful episode of Realize Live 2025 in Amsterdam, we sit down with Wendy Luiten, a pioneering thermal engineer and Six Sigma Master Black Belt, who became the first woman to receive the 2024 Thermi Award!In this episode, Wendy talks about the rapidly growing energy and water crisis behind the world's data centers - and how computational fluid dynamics (CFD), liquid cooling, and sustainable design can change the future of AI infrastructure.She shares insights on:Why AI-driven data centers could soon consume up to 5% of global energyHow liquid immersion cooling works, and why it's better than airThe trade-offs between fluor-based and plant-based cooling fluidsHow Six Sigma and design space exploration accelerate innovationWhy engineers need to “defend empty space” in thermal system designThis is a conversation that challenges how we think about data, heat, and the responsibility that comes with innovation.

Check out Simon's Blog - Storytelling for Engineers: https://theengineeringstoryteller.sub...Connect with Simon on LinkedIn:   / simonjfischer  This episode takes you on a journey with Simon Fischer, a physicist turned Senior Manager of Marketing at Simcenter Solutions, whose path spans building wind tunnels and running CFD simulations for Formula One engines to storytelling about Guinness bubbles, ice cream sauce patterns, and everyday products shaped by engineering.

Denmark’s royal trade mission brings 54 companies to Australia’s renewables market. Plus the UK opens CFD allocation round eight for up to 18 offshore wind farms, and wind tech startups weigh focus against diversification into defense. Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly newsletter on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard’s StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on YouTube, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary’s “Engineering with Rosie” YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us!  The Uptime Wind Energy Podcast brought to you by Strike Tape, protecting thousands of wind turbines from lightning damage worldwide. Visit strike tape.com And now your hosts. Allen Hall: Welcome to the Uptime Wind Energy Podcast. I’m here with Yolanda Padron, Rosemary Barnes at Matthews Stead, and we start off. On the Danish trip to Australia, 54 Danish companies traveled to Australia alongside King Frederick II and Queen Mary. Uh, over the past week, most work in the renewable energy and green construction businesses that traveled along several signed agreements during the trip. Denmark sees Australia as a growth market, and Rosemary is tied to royalty here. Loosely that Queen Mary is actually from Tasmania, much like Rosemary. [00:01:00] So there is possibly a line to the throne, the Danish throne for Rosemary.  Rosemary Barnes: My dad’s from Tasmania. I, I live in Canberra, but I was, the whole five years I was living in Denmark, I kept waiting for Princess. She was Princess Mary at that point, but Princess Mary to get in touch with her phone number, catch up. You know, Australians have moved to Denmark. Never happened. And now I see that they’ve come to Australia. And do you think that Mary reached out and got in touch with me? No, she didn’t. So I continue, continue to be disappointed in, in Queen Mary. Matthew Stead: Maybe she’s waiting for you, Rosie.  Rosemary Barnes: Yeah, she could be waiting for me to reach out. That’s true.  Allen Hall: But I clearly, Australia is a growth market. Denmark sees it. I know there’s been a number of Danish companies in Australia over the last two, three years, or con companies from all over the world have been down to Australia, realizing that the growth of renewables is gonna be big because Australia is targeting 82% renewables by 2030. Uh, and right now it’s about 50% renewables, which is [00:02:00] remarkable by the way, that connection to Denmark. Is only going to grow, especially with the relationship with Queen Mary to the area. What are some of the growth areas that Denmark can walk into in Australia right now, Matthew?  Matthew Stead: I mean, obviously the proposed offshore wind is a, is a big thing. So, um, once that gets up and running, obviously the Danish technology will come in there. Um, but, but also, you know, through vest have been here forever. Uh, Siemens, gaa, you know, there’s a strong Danish connection there. Um, so. Yeah, I, I think it’s already, already, already really strong. And, um, obviously having the, the queen, the Danish queen, um, yeah. Ties in with all of that.  Allen Hall: Is it a reciprocal agreement that Australians can do work in Denmark?  Rosemary Barnes: I don’t think, it’s not any sort of like free trade agreement, is it? It’s just some individual, I dunno how much we’ve, we’ve got to [00:03:00]teach Denmark, although there are some good Australian technologies, like maybe not building wind turbines themselves, but there are some good technologies like here, logic’s Ping, uh, Australian developed the ping part of it anyway. And then also, you know, I think some, some future manufacturing methods, uh, doing some exciting things here in Australia. Also, it’s not that hard to move to Denmark if you, um, like when I moved there, all I needed to get a Visa was a, a job offer. That was a certain, I, I don’t think it, I don’t, I don’t remember exactly if it was the type of job or if it was the salary, but you know, like you’re not gonna get a job offer. Like working part-time at a bar isn’t gonna be enough to get you a, a working visa in Denmark. But certainly. Any engineers, um, you can, if you get a good engineering position offered to you in Denmark, it’s not hard for the company to make that happen. So I don’t know that we need, we don’t, we don’t really need it made that much easier for us [00:04:00] to get over there. Allen Hall: Is it difficult to get a work permit in Australia if you’re from Denmark?  Rosemary Barnes: Yes and no. It’s not like I would so love to be hiring my XLM colleagues to come. I know that I’d moved to Australia too. Some of them, it’s, it’s not super duper easy. Um. It’s not impossible. And uh, if people are young enough, it’s a bit easier. But, um, it’s, it’s definitely possible, but it’s not, it’s not straightforward. It’s quite expensive and lengthy process.  Matthew Stead: You know, if they can fund a fund, um, themselves with a couple of million dollars, that’ll make it easier.  Rosemary Barnes: It’s definitely beyond my capabilities as a small company of like four, four people to be able to, um, sponsor someone. But I have had, um, actually. Most, maybe. Yeah. Every single employee actually that I’ve had has been, has non, not an Australian citizen, but they’ve all had visas for other reasons. You know, either because they came over with a partner who, um, was an unskilled working visa or because they did a master’s [00:05:00] here and then got a, um, a, yeah, after that got permanent residency through the, you know, the, there’s a pretty established pathway after studying to be able to get permanent residency. Definitely appreciate that there is so much, um, international talent that’s willing to come to Australia, but just yeah, unfortunately any, any random skilled person, you, it’s not, it’s not easy for a small company to bring them over.  Matthew Stead: Rosie, would you recommend Australians to go to Denmark to learn about the wind industry and then, and come back again like you did? Rosemary Barnes: I recommend that they do that in 2016 when I did it. Um, so everyone who’s got a time machine. Hop, hop in, hop in your time machine and go, go do that. I mean, it’s, uh, I was looking back through, um, photos, uh, of my time there recently and was just, uh, like thinking about how much work I did and the amount of time that I spent like in, in production is like I got in my. Four years that I was working for lm, I had at least 10 years worth of experience. And I mean there were [00:06:00] some long, long weeks, but I’m not sure that Denmark’s the right place now because for LM there’s nearly no engineering left in Denmark and certainly not doing the cool, new, exciting technologies that they were while I was there. So that’s not the go Vestas is still doing a fair bit. But you know, we talked recently about the Vestas CO wanting to, wanting to move somewhere with more favorable. Taxation of CEOs salaries. So, you know, maybe that’s not continuing. So I definitely recommend moving to another part of the world early on in your career while you’ve still got enough energy to, to, to like really, really hard work. Um, but I dunno that Denmark is, is the right place anymore. There’s not that much manufacturing left Now.  Based on your experience in both Denmark and Australia, how likely do you think that any of these companies that are coming in. To Australia will do any r and d with data from Australia for all of these wind technologies that they’re bringing. Rosemary Barnes: I, I think that there’s some interest in that. I haven’t heard [00:07:00] Danish companies specifically. I have heard a few little inklings of US companies who are interested and I think that that makes a lot of sense because the US was a much more attractive environment for wind energy technologies until a couple of years ago. So there’s a lot of companies that got partway and now are frustrated and I think that Australia seems quite attractive to them. So that’s where I’ve heard people interested, maybe British as well. Um, the Denmark Danish companies would do well. Like any company, um, that’s trying to develop a technology related to wind energy would, um, do really well to come try and develop in Australia because, you know, like, um, we’re so short staffed or like for expert staff. Things are really spread out. Costs are very high. Um, things wear out faster. Like we just have more operational problems here. So, you know, when you’re putting a business case together, you need to, um, you know, an environment where you are. The alternative of just doing everything manually is [00:08:00]far more expensive here, and it takes far longer so you can get a much more positive business case, um, in Australia, like earlier than you could somewhere else. So I think that that makes it really. Really like perfect place to develop technologies. Um, yeah, but I don’t think everybody realizes that yet. But I do see some, some people starting to,  Matthew Stead: and I’m adding to what you’re saying, Rosie, when I first started in wind, um, back in 2012, um, I got great reception from Denmark. Actually, I probably got the most. Positive responses to my outreach from Denmark. So, um, I, at that point in time, you know, it is a little bit before 2016, but, um, um, um, I, you know, I found really positive engagement and willingness to be open to new technologies. So that was my experience  Allen Hall: as Wind energy professionals. Staying informed is crucial, and let’s face it difficult. That’s why the Uptime podcast recommends PES Wind Magazine. [00:09:00] PES Wind offers a diverse range of in-depth articles and expert insights that dive into the most pressing issues facing our energy future. Whether you’re an industry veteran or new to wind, PES Wind has the high quality content you need. Don’t miss out. Visit PES wind.com today. The UK government announced contracts for difference allocation round eight, which will open in July of this year. This follows AR seven in January, which secured 8.4 gigawatts of offshore wind. The largest UK CFD procurement ever and renewable UK says up to 18 offshore wind farms could compete for this AR eight round now. The amount of wind going in offshore in the UK is astonishing. Uh, AR eight. I haven’t seen any numbers yet of what they think the total gigawatts will be, but it has to be somewhere around the eight range just to keep up with the [00:10:00] expected rate, uh, to meet their environmental targets and electricity targets in the uk. This is changing the way wind is developed in Europe, especially with the UK changing its tariffs and eliminating tariffs on wind turbine parts and components that come into the country. That is going to really improve the economics of wind turbines in the uk. Plus turn out a lot of European countries and companies to to feed the UK energy goals. Is this the right move in, in terms of the government approach? Because a lot of, uh, other auctions that have happened up in Germany all the way up into Scandinavia have not had such success as this recent UK round. Is their model just a little bit different? And maybe the UK approach is, is the winning method with the the CFDs. Rosemary Barnes: We have some in Australia too. The A [00:11:00] CT Australian Capital Territory where I live has the same thing and, um, for at least several years. Recently, I think most years recently we’ve had our electricity prices in Canberra have been reduced while in the rest of Australia they’ve gone up. It doesn’t always happen that way. Um, it depends on, yeah, how expensive. Electricity was compared to normal. But you know, like when the gas, uh, shock was happening and pushing up electricity prices everywhere, it didn’t affect Canberra very much because we already have PPAs for a hundred percent of our electricity from clean sources. So,  Allen Hall: but isn’t that the goal at the end of the day to get. Some levelized pricing, which is the allocation rounds are doing, is they’re getting levelized pricing over a fixed period, so you know what your electricity is going to cost you. None of this up and down, like with the gas market in the United States and elsewhere.  Rosemary Barnes: My understanding is that it’s the most crucial aspect of that is certainty, so that new projects can get financing.[00:12:00] It’s not actually about it being a, like, whether it’s a subsidy or a payment is not as important as, like, it’s not that that renewable electricity is too expensive and the government needs to subsidize it. It’s that the bank needs to know how, how much you’re gonna get for the electricity that you generate, um, in order to fuel Okay, to lend it to you. And I mean, you can understand why, like, think about. As, um, batteries enter the electricity grid, you, you know, the pricing, the market movements throughout a day are really starting to change. We used to have, you know, like big spikes in price every evening as a lot of gas generators came on. ’cause they’re expensive to run. But now we’re needing less and less of that as we add more batteries. And, you know, people know these. Trends are generally happening, but not exactly. So how can you forecast what your revenue is going to be? Um, if you’re lending billions of dollars to a project, then you want to know that your person you’re lending to is gonna be able to, to pay you back, which they, they can’t if the revenue goes through the floor. So, yeah, my [00:13:00] understanding is that’s, that’s what it’s really for, is to provide the certainty. It’s, it’s like a bit outdated to refer to it as a subsidy. Um, ’cause it’s not always a subsidy. Sometimes it’s the opposite. But what’s really needed is like knowing how much you’re gonna get for the product that you are delivering. I think it makes sense. I just think that like if there’s all this, all the changes that are coming down the pipeline for the uk, it’s a little bit difficult to actually pinpoint where that price is gonna be. Like a sweet spot for all parties involved. Um. Which I think is something that we saw on the PPA side a lot in the US a few years ago. Rosemary Barnes: They had issues in the UK as well, like a couple of auctions ago. Um, they set the price way too low and I mean, they were told leading up to it, no one can deliver a project at this cost and then nobody bid. And it was, it was a real shame because, you know, like it set them back on, you know, that there’s no projects entered the pipeline, um, in that year as a result. But it’s also what’s interesting to [00:14:00] me is that it’s a different price for different. Types of project. So, you know, onshore wind has a, a different safety price than a, um, offshore wind. And fixed offshore wind has a very different price from floating offshore. Solar’s different. They also have special, uh, price for tidal energy. And that to me is a really interesting thing because who is looking at the UK’s energy mix and saying, yep, title energy needs to be part of this, and we we’re happy to pay, you know, 2, 3, 4 times whatever it is, more. For that than for offshore wind. It’s, um, that, that’s interesting to me. How, how they’ve come up with, with the Yeah, like how the mix is going to look. I mean, they don’t control it precisely. It’s not like they say we are gonna have exactly this many gigawatts for offshore wind and exactly this many gigawatts for solar farms. But they do have, um, different prices and different technologies that are targeted.  Matthew Stead: Seems like it really relates really well to the energy [00:15:00]security as well. You know, an extra eight gigawatt here, extra eight gigawatt there. I mean, that can only help with energy security, which is obviously a massive topic. I’m not sure how the newspapers has been coping in the last week or so in the us but over here it’s all about rationing of fuel. It’s all about queues at the pump. So energy security is, is definitely a huge topic.  Rosemary Barnes: You wanna know where there isn’t a queue. In my driveway when I plug my car into the, the outlet in my garage. It’s been a really, really fun time to be a smug EV owner. I’ve been, um, reveling in it. Yeah. Really, really, really enjoying, uh. And Joan, but I also do think like it’s gonna last, like we, because we still talk about the oil crisis in the 1970s, right? Like that, uh, we, uh, people overreacted and then reverted for the most part pretty quickly after that. With Denmark being one exception, they, they went all in on when consistently after that. Um, but [00:16:00] you know, like this, even if it’s only a few weeks long, this little shock is going to. Make people think, okay, oh, I was super worried that I might have to spend 20 minutes refueling on a road trip instead of 10 minutes. Um, but actually remember that time when I couldn’t even get petrol at all and I had to spend yeah, like half an hour lining up because everyone was freaking out and. Uh, I wasn’t sure if I was even gonna be able to get to work the next week because the Australian government only thinks we need 30 days worth of, um, of oil in reserve. Uh, I, I think that it’s, it’s got to help EV sales and then. The EV sales is only one part of it because you need then also, you know, security of electricity generation. And I mean, in Australia we’ve got our own coal, so we’re not, um, probably ever going to be able to not generate electricity. But, um, renewables is a, is a huge part of that as well, being able to, you know, have cheap, cheap electricity all the time. So I, I do think that. It, it’s got to be, you [00:17:00] know, helping some of these technologies move, move ahead a little bit faster now.  Matthew Stead: Yeah, and I also heard that, uh, the UK is sort of patting themselves on the bat for, uh, actually, you know, transitioning and, you know, securing their own, um, energy supply and not being as reliant as some other countries on imports of, of energy. Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. I mean, we’ve had so many opportunities to learn that lesson over the last few years. Right. So. Anybody that just, um, relaxes after this and says, yep, okay, we’re all good. To go back to relying a hundred percent on, on gas is, you know, like, really. Really going to big lengths to nod to not futureproof themselves from the next one. I do. Do we could, would anybody believe that this is the last time that we’re gonna see, uh, a shock like this? I mean, it will happen definitely. Again,  Matthew Stead: rather embarrassing, but actually currently I own approximately six EVs.  Allen Hall: It sounds like a lot. Matthew,  Rosemary Barnes: you’ll have people beating down your door. Share. Share the love around. We need, it  Allen Hall: should give taxi rides. [00:18:00] Ubers  Matthew Stead: in 2026. I wanna sell, I wanna sell three of them. So this is just. I’m just so happy.  Rosemary Barnes: So message ’em on LinkedIn if you need an ev. Now we’re running classified ads in the uptime When new podcast  Allen Hall: are they? BMW electrified? BMWs  Matthew Stead: no one’s. One’s BMW. Um, another one is, uh, Austin 10. From 1947,  Allen Hall: this is an ad.  Matthew Stead: The other one’s in Nissan Leaf, uh, NISO leaf with about 16,000 Ks on the clock.  Rosemary Barnes: But the first two you converted yourself.  Matthew Stead: Yeah,  Allen Hall: we can reach out to Matthew on LinkedIn and he will sell you an electric vehicle. He’s in Adelaide and there’s plenty of people listening to the podcast in Adelaide and all around Australia. Honestly, he, he will deliver. If asked, so Matthew Stead, S-T-E-A-D on LinkedIn.  Matthew Stead: The BMW that I converted is a 2 0 2, um, from 19 in the the seventies. And, uh, actually BMW um, converted the same car to an electric vehicle for the Munich [00:19:00] Olympics. So yeah, all I did was, um, recreated what. BMW had done back in 1972. Allen Hall: Delamination and bottomline. Failures and blades are difficult problems to detect early. These hidden issues can cost you millions in repairs and lost energy production. C-I-C-N-D-T are specialists to detect these critical flaws before they become expensive burdens. Their non-destructive test technology penetrates deep to blade materials to find voids and cracks. Traditional inspections, completely. Miss C-I-C-N-D-T Maps. Every critical defect delivers actionable reports and provides support to get your blades. Back in service, so visit cic ndt.com because catching blade problems early will save you millions. Well, south Korean Drone Company Earth Lab built its vision AI [00:20:00]through wind turbine inspections, and I’ve seen hundreds of those in the states. A $10 million defense export deal in 2025 shifted revenue from 80% inspections to. A much larger defense share. Now they have a, a pretty sizable deal, obviously in the Middle East right now, where they’re using their drone technology to be involved in the defense sector. And North Lab I think got driven to that just because, uh, some of their business in the United States didn’t turn out properly the way they expected it to, although they had. Really great technology. In every conference I would attend with Ner lab, like, uh, and they would explain what they were doing. At one point, they were probably three or four years ahead on the, doing your own drone inspections with the little drone and you just buy their software and it would just, it would go up and take pictures of your wind turbine. Didn’t need a separate [00:21:00] pilot. It, it made all things a lot simpler, but that did never seem to catch on. But the technology is there and North Lab does have good engineering teams to develop drone technology. One of the things about this article, which I, I saw the other day, is that North Labs is thinking about their technology in a broader sense. That they’re not just focused on wind turbine inspections. And we see companies that are only tied to wind quite often. The struggle when wind slows down like it’s doing right now, where an Earth Lab is thinking about the problem a little bit differently and saying, I have this technology. It solves a bunch of problems. Maybe we ought to explore those other problem areas and see if we could generate some revenue. And clearly they have. Is that good advice for the wind industry in terms of technology companies is not to just focus on wind, but to think about solutions for adjacent industries? Does that just broaden the portfolio enough where? It keeps your, [00:22:00] it keeps your company viable for longer periods of time.  Matthew Stead: This is a huge topic for us because, um, you know, our technologies can be applied to, you know, rail mining defense, you know, so we’ve, we’ve got sensors which can instrument a whole range of things. Like, you know, we can listen for a conveyor belt when it’s failing. We can measure the ice. On the platform next to a railway line, we can measure ice on an aircraft. Um, you know, with our sensors we can do so much. Um, and um, what we’ve decided is that we need to really conquer. Wind in a nice way, as in, you know, actually help the wind industry first. So we really need to, um, you know, focus there. But, you know, we, we’ve all always been sort of dragged into other industries. Um, but, you know, I think being a technology startup is all about focus. Um, but, you know, revenue is hard. Um, you know, gaining traction is hard. The industry [00:23:00] is hard. Um, so I can see why it might be attractive to, to look at other, other verticals. Um, yeah, so it’s, it’s a, it’s, it’s a reality of a technology startup, unfortunately, that you need to look for other applications for your tech. And, and the other thing is, you know, obviously if we can sell our sensors. Into say, mining or, or rail or whatever. Then it can lower the cost and then, you know, that benefits wind as well. Allen Hall: Well, there’s other technology developments can happen in those other industries you could bring into wind makes both avenues possible. Yeah. A lot of industries are gonna benefit from the technology that has been evolved from wind turbines growth into other industries. But it works both ways and it just adds complexity to the business. But to me it’s complexity you have to take on.  Rosemary Barnes: Yeah, I’ve worked with a bunch of startups through my career and I’m trying to think of even one that hasn’t had a defense project at some point. It’s very, very common for development, like, um, [00:24:00]technologies that are in development. Is a very appealing avenue to get funds because, you know, defense spends a lot of, a lot of money on developing new technologies. I’m sure that’s true in every country, not just Australia. Um, and they’re also prepared to, like, if you’ve got a capability that they want, they are like, you don’t, it’s not so commercially cutthroat, you know, like they are prepared to pay a lot for something that, um, has unique capabilities. So I do see that that is incredibly attractive to startups, but I really like what Matt said when he said that as a startup you’ve gotta stay focused because that is what the startups that I have worked with in the past nine, outta 10 of them have done the opposite. They’re just like trying to grab any grant that they think that they could possibly, you know, um, apply for. Then they win it and then now all of a sudden they’ve got a project in a direction that is not. Taking them to their actual business. It’s, you know, it’s not step on the way towards their bus achieving their business goals. Um, and it’s like, [00:25:00] what is the startup for? Are you trying to commercialize a technology or find out if, if it’s not possible and stop? Or are you trying to just keep on working on this as long as possible? And I think that, like, honestly, nine outta 10 of the startups that I’ve worked with, it’s the the latter where they just want to keep on doing cool stuff. Then yeah. Grabbing any, any grant that you can to continue working on that. And a lot of them are defense. Um, makes a lot of sense. But I, I do think that, you know, you’ve got to be goal oriented, keep your eyes on the prize and, um, yeah, like Matt said, say focus if you wanna succeed as a startup,  Allen Hall: you think that’s a difference between grants and actual business? I agree with you, Rosemary. When you get hooked into a grant that has a particular outcome and you tend to deviate from what the market. Once, because you’re not listening to the market when you’re going through this grant process, but if you’re in a second business area, it may make sense just because you have a customer, you’re learning from that experience. A lot of things between wind and the other industries are similar in [00:26:00]terms of the way they’re structured, the demands, the expectations, the. It’s, it’s close.  Rosemary Barnes: Grants are amazing when it’s the right grant, and you shouldn’t choose a grant for the sake of getting the money. You should choose it because it helps you achieve something that you wanted to achieve anyway. Um, I think that that’s what you’ve gotta, gotta consider. Um, and yeah, definitely don’t turn down free money if it’s available to help you, you know, get to where you need to get, but don’t deviate on. A bunch of side quests just because you can get funding for that.  Matthew Stead: I think half the battle is that, uh, half the challenge of commercialization is actually the industry. So half, half the challenge is the technology and r and d and making stuff, but the other half is actually knowing the industry, knowing how to price it, knowing the people, knowing where to sell it, you know, knowing the return on investment. So every time you go into a new market, you might think, oh yeah, I’ll just reapply what I’ve already learned. But that’s, that’s. Definitely not true. So your rail is completely different from [00:27:00] wind. Um, in terms of the actual market, the tech, the tech might be the same, the same for, you know, aerospace.  Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. I see that a lot with companies that are trying to take a, a technology that they have from another area and try and bring it into wind. And people are always shocked at. At how different, um, wind energy is. I mean, in terms of the physical operating environment, that’s a, a shock for most companies to start with. It’s like, like in several aspects, it wouldn’t be a more harsh operating environment than, you know, sticking something in or on a wind turbine blade and expecting it to last without maintenance for 20, 30 years. Um, but then also just the way that the, the market works. But it’s interesting that you say 50 50, it’s half about the technology. Do you reckon it’s even half? I, I have come to believe that the technology is like, yeah, like really understanding the problem is and, and knowing that there is a need for a solution. Is the vast majority of the way there, there are so many good engineers in the world that they will find, find the solution if they know exactly what problem they should be solving. [00:28:00] I, I reckon it’s less than 50%. I don’t know about 10%, but, um, certainly I don’t think it’s 50 50.  Matthew Stead: Yeah. Maybe it depends on what, what stage of development it is and, you know, what, what maturity level you’re at, perhaps. Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. I mean, your company started. From a, um, you, you didn’t just think, Hey, I want, you know, I know a lot about noise. I wonder what technology I can develop with this. You, you started from, Hey, we’ve got a, a, a problem that, uh, I don’t wanna, you know, um, tell your origin story for you, but you started with a, a problem and a potential solution and then, you know, went from there. Right? So,  Matthew Stead: yeah, Bre, you know, I, I think B would be happy for me to say his name, Bre, basically throughout a challenge saying. But, you know, technicians can hear, um, blade damage. So, you know, it should be really simple and easy to make a machine to do the same as what a human can do.  Rosemary Barnes: And it was simple and easy, right? Matthew Stead: Ah, yeah. It was so easy. Look, look at all that, all that gray hair.  Allen Hall: Well, I think that’s the trouble, right? Is that [00:29:00] if you want to be tied to an industry, hopefully you hit it during a peak time. Because there are ebbs and flows to every economy about every seven years. There’s always something cataclysmic that happens. You just don’t wanna be in that down cycle. You want to be in the upcycle and have something ready to go. When the upcycle hits, you’ll see a lot of businesses do that. In the aerospace, you see it quite a bit that they’ll kind of go dormant and then when they feel like the, the economy is going to boom, they’ll ramp up operations real quick and, and try to make their money while the kidding is good. Then slow it down when it’s not. They have taken a, a more longer term perspective on it. Large businesses can do that. ’cause usually they’re stockpiling cash to, to manage that. Small businesses don’t usually have the cash flow to get over those, uh, lean times. And that’s the trouble. I, I think a lot of companies that I know, in fact. Rosemary and I are working on a project and a couple of names of companies that were in [00:30:00] Wind two, three years ago popped up and I thought they had such great technology and the business model was right. It just hit a rough patch. That’s all it was, and that if you revive that technology a year from now, it would still be applicable. You could still sell that product. It’s just trying to manage the cash flow. It’s hard because I, and back to Rosemary’s point. How much of it is the technology? Uh, and I, I say 10%, and I think that’s roughly right from my experience. A lot of it is everything else. Managing the books, managing your risks, people, uh, all that manufacturing, right, all quality, all every, all that’s involved. And it’s, unless you do it, you don’t realize it. It’s hard to see it unless you’re on the inside. You know, the inside. You think every minute is some other. Major calamity that you have to manage. If you don’t manage it right, you may not make it out the other [00:31:00] side. That’s what small businesses are all about. But it’s, that’s what makes it so hard.  Rosemary Barnes: Yeah. I know that at Parlo we’re spending a lot more effort on understanding the problems that people need solved, um, rather than developing solutions, which has been a bit of a tough thing for me to. Kind of, uh, stick to because, uh, you know, I’m an engineer. I’ve developed products my whole career and that I, I love tinkering and, you know, like making things work and doing things that haven’t been done before. But I, I, I do think that there is a real, real need for, um, understanding the problem really well, understanding, um, what solutions are available and, and fitting them together. I think that that is actually a really, um, a, a really needed part of the, you know, the whole wind energy ecosystem.  Allen Hall: We had a listener reach out from Japan, Sini Kajima, who was a city counselor in one of the cities, in obviously in Japan, who was a regular listener and. He wrote in [00:32:00] about some of the wind turbine installations that are going on in sort of northern western Japan. They’ve installed some eight megawatt turbines about a mile, 1.6 kilometers offshore, and that’s creating a lot of concern for the local residents there. Those are big turbines, and they’re talking about using 15 megawatt turbines to do something similar and. As, uh, advocate for, uh, the, the city he’s advocating, uh, a 10 kilometer minimum setback in the national diet in Japan. You’re gonna see a lot more of this come up, I think. And the pictures that was sent along with it is pretty, um, eye-opening in that you got this really big turbine, really close to shore. Are we going to put setbacks [00:33:00] in as, uh, a regulation or law in some of these territories, like especially Northern Japan where there is great wind resources, amazing wind resources, but at the same time, there’s a lot of people who live there that will like to have some view of the ocean, not just turbines in the water right off the coastline. This is not just a Japanese problem, but it does seem to be a, a big problem ’cause of the, the way the Continental shelf is around Japan, it drops up pretty quick.  Rosemary Barnes: Yeah, exactly. It’s not a specific Japanese problem, and I mean, in most cases there’s development approvals and people have plenty of opportunity to express their displeasure at where turbines are cited. But for Japan, it wouldn’t be as simple as saying, okay, we just increase the offset dis distance by a little bit because you increase the, I’m assuming these turbines are cited already as far out as they can be while still being fixed bottom. And if you wanted to push them further away, then you move to floating and you double or triple the cost, [00:34:00] which Japan is looking into floating offshore wind a lot. Um, but Japan. Has no, has no easy options. I mean, Japan likes electricity as much as every other country does. They don’t want to rely on nuclear as much as they have been, which is, you know, probably, at least to a certain extent, understandable. They don’t have great solar resources. I mean, they have some, um, and they could do more. They don’t have good onshore wind opportunities. They have geothermal potential, but they don’t like that so much because their, um, NAL hot springs are, you know, a very important tourism industry and very important culturally. So they’re worried about doing anything that would mess that up. The offshore wind solution, this particular environment haven’t seen, it doesn’t sound like the best situated project, but take any other option that they’ve got for generating electricity in Japan and it has. Probably equal disadvantages. I just think that they have a, a hard problem and [00:35:00] have to choose which compromise they wanna make.  Allen Hall: Mr. Kuma brings up a couple of points here that. There’s about 150 residents that are at risk of insomnia from the wind turbine noise, and they’re concerned about the migratory zones for protected wildlife. In this case, geese about five kilometers offshore.  Rosemary Barnes: Then there might be birds that are affected, and if they are, they can use technologies to spot the birds. Stop the turbines. Like there’s, there’s, you know. Dozens of success stories, um, related to birds and wind turbines. That’s, that’s a solved problem. The noise, I mean, how far away are they? Matt’s the noise expert. Like how, how far away from a wind turbine do you have to be before you can even hear it over the wind noise?  Matthew Stead: Uh, the wind turbine noise is not gonna be an issue.  Allen Hall: So then it comes down to sight lines. And Japan has some of the most beautiful coastline in the world. Rosemary Barnes: I mean, I’m not gonna tell someone that they should, like looking at wind turbines, like I would also rather not look at a wind turbine if I could be looking at an ocean view or a mountain view or whatever. But any energy project would [00:36:00] be nicer if it wasn’t there in the first place. Like, you know, there’s not like a beautiful coal power plant to look at. There’s not a beautiful transmission line to look at. There’s not a beautiful petrol pump, um, to look at. Like, none of none. None of these things are like beautiful technologies that we enjoy interacting with on our daily lives, but we prefer to, you know, have the trade off of having that infrastructure. And trade off for the, the benefits that it brings. And, um, you know, there’s, in that sense, there’s nothing different about renewable energy technologies. It’s different, different trade offs, but they’re always gonna be there.  Allen Hall: That wraps up another episode of the Uptime Wind Energy Podcast. If today’s discussion sparked any questions or ideas, we’d love to hear from you. Reach out to us on Linked. And don’t forget to subscribe, so you never miss an episode. And if you’ve found value in today’s conversation, please leave us a review. It really helps other wind energy professionals discover the show for Rosie, Yolanda and Matthew, I’m Alan Hall, and we’ll see you here next week on the Uptime Wind Energy [00:37:00] Podcast.

This week on Energy Transition Today, we're focusing on news and analysis from Poland and Romania ahead of our Decarbonising Central & Eastern Europe event in Warsaw on 19 March.We open with Poland's UC84 grid connection reform, the most significant regulatory intervention in the sector in years, and what its mandatory milestones, digitalisation requirements and new financial framework mean for developers and investors navigating the market.We then cover PGE's EPC contracts for a 1.2GW open cycle gas peaking portfolio across two sites, and what that long-term flexibility bet says about Poland's energy transition strategy. We also look at the EBRD's equity investment into Virya Energy's newly established Polish renewables vehicle.In the second half of the episode, we turn to Romania, with a deep dive into the country's energy transition, from coal phase-out and nuclear expansion to the CfD framework and the growing role of BESS. We examine the €150 million EC-approved grant scheme for standalone battery storage in the country, and close with Enery's €460 million financial close on one of the largest solar and BESS project in Europe.Hosted by: Maya Chavvakula, Mathilde Dorbessan, Stanley LamEdited by: Mathilde DorbessanReach out to us at: podcasts@inspiratia.comFind all of our latest news and analysis by subscribing to inspiratia For tickets to our events email conferences@inspiratia.com or buy them directly on our website. Listen to all our episodes on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and other providers. Music credit: NDA/Show You instrumental/Tribe of Noise©2025 inspiratia. All rights reserved.This content is protected by copyright. Please respect the author's rights and do not copy or reproduce it without permission.

Welcome to another fire fundamentals episode! Today we dig into how to place a fire in a model so results reflect real physics. From plume inputs to FDS burners, we show where HRRPUA, radiative fraction, and D* make or break smoke your calculations. Things considered in this episode:• why defining the design HRR is separate from placing the source• what a flame is and why we cannot resolve its chemistry• plume models compared by inputs: perimeter, Q, Qc• entrainment, virtual origin, and effective diameter• realistic HRRPUA ranges for building-scale fires• radiative vs convective fractions and why they matter• zone model linkage to plumes for smoke control• volumetric smoke and heat sources for CFD: volume, placement, and limits• fuel-based fires in CFD and oxygen constraints• growth modeling via area expansion vs flux ramping• soot yields, heat of combustion, and visibility• D* and meshing guidance for credible resolution• why predictive fire spread modelling for design use does not really exist...Resources, resources!G. Vigne et al. "Review and Validation of the current Smoke Plume Entrainment Models for Large-Volume Buildings"W. Węgrzyński & M. Konecki "Influence of the fire location and the size of a compartment on the heat and smoke flow out of the compartment" - (this is a paper from my PhD where I explain the concept of volumetric heat source)M. Bonner et al. "Visual Fire Power: An Algorithm for Measuring Heat Release Rate of Visible Flames in Camera Footage, with Applications in Facade Fire Experiments"Episode 100 - Smoke plumes! That was a fun one.G. Heskestad "Fire Plumes, Flame Height, and Air Entrainment" from SFPE Handbook  (also the source of the overlayed image on the cover showing range at which fires exist)----The Fire Science Show is produced by the Fire Science Media in collaboration with OFR Consultants. Thank you to the podcast sponsor for their continuous support towards our mission.

During Race Industry Week by EPARTRADE, Jim Campbell, Vice President of Performance and Motorsports Commercial Operations at General Motors, delivers a comprehensive look at GM's expanding global motorsports strategy—from Cadillac's entry into Formula 1 to a new 2026 NASCAR Cup Series Camaro, and the advanced simulation, CFD, AI and powertrain technology driving performance across every series.Broadcast from inside GM's high-performance powertrain facility in Pontiac, Michigan, Campbell explains how this center anchors GM's factory race programs and its Chevrolet Performance parts business—supporting programs in F1, NASCAR, IMSA, FIA WEC, IndyCar, NHRA, off-road racing, and more.

A tight, historic cellar. Arched ceilings. Long corridors. Tiny shafts. We faced a design wall: to keep routes tenable, we needed twice the extraction that the building could carry. At that point, I've failed as an engineer - I've reached my limit and could not find a solution.Some time later, a solution appeared in my head from nowhere —what if the fan changed with the fire? Not in a crude on-off way, but by tracking temperature, exploiting density changes, and chasing constant mass flow instead of fixed volume.We unpack the moment this clicked, the fan physics behind it, and why hotter smoke can actually make extraction easier if you use the margin correctly. You'll hear how we oversized the fan, ran it at a lower frequency in ambient, then ramped as temperatures rose to keep kilograms per second steady. That adaptive control boosted cubic meters per second right when the layer needed support, eased plug-hole entrainment, and stabilised makeup air velocities. We walk through the thermodynamics, the electrical and pressure implications, and how these pieces form a practical control strategy for retrofits and new builds.To ground the idea, we share two paths to proof. First, CFD with user-defined control that reads gas temperature each time step and updates fan frequency with smoothed delays to prevent oscillations—capturing the real feedback loop between fire and system. Then, full-scale container burns with live control showed the same trends from 20 to over 500 degrees: falling duct pressures, lower fan power at heat, and the headroom to increase volumetric extraction without breaking limits. Thinking about it now, this idea is a part of many other concepts that I describe together. To show a way how we come from the simple framework—Smoke Control 1.0 (empirical, static), 2.0 (CFD-informed, still static), into a new smoke control 3.0 (adaptive, feedback-driven)—and explore how this thinking can reshape underground venues, car parks, tunnels, pressurisation, and natural ventilation.If you care about safer evacuation, smaller shafts, lower velocities, and systems that work with physics rather than against it, this story is for you. Subscribe, share with a colleague who designs smoke control, and leave a review with your toughest question so we can tackle it next.Reading material:- Can smoke control become smart?- Transient characteristic of the flow of heat and mass in a fire as the basis for an optimised solution for smoke exhaust- Smart Smoke Control as an Efficient Solution for Smoke Ventilation in Converted Cellars of Historic Buildings----The Fire Science Show is produced by the Fire Science Media in collaboration with OFR Consultants. Thank you to the podcast sponsor for their continuous support towards our mission.

In this episode of Energy Transition Today, Leonard and Maja start with the fallout from the UK's AR7 offshore wind auction, looking at record awarded volumes alongside cancelled projects and growing strain on the development pipeline. They then turn to Poland, where RP Global is progressing a highly leveraged, largely merchant onshore wind project, highlighting rising lender confidence in Central and Eastern Europe. The focus moves to the Netherlands and its decision to introduce a temporary one sided CfD to relaunch a 1GW offshore tender and rebuild investor appetite. The episode also examines Germany's newly approved gas capacity programme and what it means for system security, before closing with the surge in battery storage investment, including major equity and debt financings for terralayr in Germany and Greenvolt's grid scale project in Hungary.Hosts: Maya Chavvakula and Leonard MüllerThis epsiode was edited by Leonard Müller. Reach out to us at: podcasts@inspiratia.comFind all of our latest news and analysis by subscribing to inspiratia For tickets to our events email conferences@inspiratia.com or buy them directly on our website. Listen to all our episodes on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and other providers. Music credit: NDA/Show You instrumental/Tribe of Noise©2025 inspiratia. All rights reserved.This content is protected by copyright. Please respect the author's rights and do not copy or reproduce it without permission.

This week Patrick and Lori welcome Ingmar Jungnickel, an aerodynamicist and the founder of AiRO, a fitting system based on rider aerodynamics. AiRO uses CFD (computational fluid dynamics) to simulate wind tunnel testing to give riders otherwise unaffordable feedback on their bike position.

For most of us getting into a wind tunnel is but a dream. Tunnels are hard to find and harder to afford. As an alternative Josh has recommended the Chung Method. It's proven yet it does take some expertise to get right. What if there were something in the middle. Something that is more accessible and less expensive than a wind tunnel yet doesn't require the hours of commitment and trial and  error of field testing? Our guest believes he has just that.  AiRO may sound like a company that is trying to latch onto the "AI" craze. But its founder, Ingmar Jungnickel, has been into cycling aerodynamics long before Chat GPT became a thing. He has a degree in engineering, he's developed on-bike aero hardware, and he worked for Specialized where he logged many hours in that company's wind tunnel. All of that, along with a chance opportunity to work with speed skaters, led him to develop a CFD program that attempts to make cycling aerodynamics more accessible.  Ingmar's back story includes meeting are own Josh Poertner. But the real story here is how good Computational Fluid Dynamics has become. The potential of AiRO and its date even blew the mind of Josh as you will hear in this episode of Marginal Gains. 

AI data centers are no longer just buildings full of racks. They are tightly coupled systems where power, cooling, IT, and operations all depend on each other, and where bad assumptions get expensive fast. On the latest episode of The Data Center Frontier Show, Editor-in-Chief Matt Vincent talks with Sherman Ikemoto of Cadence about what it now takes to design an “AI factory” that actually works. Ikemoto explains that data center design has always been fragmented. Servers, cooling, and power are designed by different suppliers, and only at the end does the operator try to integrate everything into one system. That final integration phase has long relied on basic tools and rules of thumb, which is risky in today's GPU-dense world. Cadence is addressing this with what it calls “DC elements”:  digitally validated building blocks that represent real systems, such as NVIDIA's DGX SuperPOD with GB200 GPUs. These are not just drawings; they model how systems really behave in terms of power, heat, airflow, and liquid cooling. Operators can assemble these elements in a digital twin and see how an AI factory will actually perform before it is built. A key shift is designing directly to service-level agreements. Traditional uncertainty forced engineers to add large safety margins, driving up cost and wasting power. With more accurate simulation, designers can shrink those margins while still hitting uptime and performance targets, critical as rack densities move from 10–20 kW to 50–100 kW and beyond. Cadence validates its digital elements using a star system. The highest level, five stars, requires deep validation and supplier sign-off. The GB200 DGX SuperPOD model reached that level through close collaboration with NVIDIA. Ikemoto says the biggest bottleneck in AI data center buildouts is not just utilities or equipment; it is knowledge. The industry is moving too fast for old design habits. Physical prototyping is slow and expensive, so virtual prototyping through simulation is becoming essential, much like in aerospace and automotive design. Cadence's Reality Digital Twin platform uses a custom CFD engine built specifically for data centers, capable of modeling both air and liquid cooling and how they interact. It supports “extreme co-design,” where power, cooling, IT layout, and operations are designed together rather than in silos. Integration with NVIDIA Omniverse is aimed at letting multiple design tools share data and catch conflicts early. Digital twins also extend beyond commissioning. Many operators now use them in live operations, connected to monitoring systems. They test upgrades, maintenance, and layout changes in the twin before touching the real facility. Over time, the digital twin becomes the operating platform for the data center. Running real AI and machine-learning workloads through these models reveals surprises. Some applications create short, sharp power spikes in specific areas. To be safe, facilities often over-provision power by 20–30%, leaving valuable capacity unused most of the time. By linking application behavior to hardware and facility power systems, simulation can reduce that waste, crucial in an era where power is the main bottleneck. The episode also looks at Cadence's new billion-cycle power analysis tools, which allow massive chip designs to be profiled with near-real accuracy, feeding better system- and facility-level models. Cadence and NVIDIA have worked together for decades at the chip level. Now that collaboration has expanded to servers, racks, and entire AI factories. As Ikemoto puts it, the data center is the ultimate system—where everything finally comes together—and it now needs to be designed with the same rigor as the silicon inside it.

In this episode, Jason Pritchard is joined by Lester Erlston, Founder of Flight Kinetics, to explore how advanced aerodynamics could unlock the next phase of electric and hybrid-electric flight. Lester explains how the company's proprietary technology, PropWings, is designed to dramatically improve lift, range, and payload capacity for eVTOL aircraft—without requiring advances in battery chemistry. Instead, the solution focuses on smarter aerodynamics, harvesting previously wasted propeller slipstream energy to enhance performance during critical flight phases such as transition and cruise. During the conversation, Lester outlines Flight Kinetics' journey from initial invention through patent protection and toward a scalable licensing business model. The company positions itself as a future Tier 1 technology licensor, offering an airframe-neutral solution that can be integrated across multiple eVTOL platforms. The discussion dives deep into the technical challenges of designing a high-lift system that is robust, adaptable, and certifiable across diverse aircraft architectures. Lester shares how a phased validation roadmap—progressing from advanced CFD analysis to wind tunnel testing and ultimately flight testing—is being used to reduce risk and deliver the real-world data OEMs require. Looking ahead, the episode explores how improved aerodynamic efficiency can translate directly into safer operations, greater energy margins, longer routes, and stronger economics for operators.

Want the latest news, analysis, and price indices from power markets around the globe - delivered to your inbox, every week?Sign up for the Weekly Dispatch - Modo Energy's unmissable newsletter.https://bit.ly/TheWeeklyDispatchNavigating the energy transition requires more than just building assets; it requires a deep understanding of how to price risk in a market that is fundamentally cannibalising itself as it grows.The transition to a renewables dominated energy system requires expert commercial strategy, especially in the volatile realm of battery storage and renewable certificate. Ed Porter is joined by Josh Brown - Operations Team Manager at SSE plc to explore what the front office operations of a major utility look like in practice and what navigating market saturation in batteries and the management of third-party assets using financing tools like tolls and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs).Key topics covered: •How utility origination teams manage the commercial complexity of battery assets in a fundamentally "self-cannibalizing" market?•What internal process are required to negotiate and approve complex, high-risk contracts such as tolls.• Is the energy sector prepared for the disruptive market shift from annual REGO matching to a 24/7 hourly certification system?• How commercial teams are structuring PPAs between developers and offtakers.• Whether Contracts for Difference (CFD) rules are creating significant exposure for large offtakers.About our guestJosh Brown is the Origination Team Manager at SSE, working within the Energy Markets division, managing market-facing power and gas positions for both SSE's own extensive asset base and third-party clients. He specialises in navigating the complexities of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) for solar, wind, and hydro, alongside structured battery optimisation products and the management of green certificate trading (including REGOs and ROCs) for the entire group. Connect with Josh here https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-brown-4a8b0336/?originalSubdomain=ukSSE is a leading clean energy utility with a major presence across Great Britain and Ireland. The group is active across the entire energy value chain, including renewable and thermal generation, electricity networks, and supply. SSE has contracted over 2 GW of batteries and 3 GW of CfD-backed assets in the last two years alone for more information, head to their website. https://www.sse.com/About Modo EnergyModo Energy helps the owners, operators, builders, and financiers of battery energy storage understand the market — and make the most out of their assets.All episodes of Transmission are available to watch or listen to on the Modo Energy site. To stay up to date with our analysis, research, data visualisations, live events, and conversations, follow us on LinkedIn. Explore The Energy Academy, our bite-sized video series explaining how power markets work.

Want the latest news, analysis, and price indices from power markets around the globe - delivered to your inbox, every week?Sign up for the Weekly Dispatch - Modo Energy's unmissable newsletter.https://bit.ly/TheWeeklyDispatchNavigating the energy transition requires more than just building assets; it requires a deep understanding of how to price risk in a market that is fundamentally cannibalising itself as it grows.The transition to a renewables dominated energy system requires expert commercial strategy, especially in the volatile realm of battery storage and renewable certificate. Ed Porter is joined by Josh Brown - Operations Team Manager at SSE plc to explore what the front office operations of a major utility look like in practice and what navigating market saturation in batteries and the management of third-party assets using financing tools like tolls and Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs).Key topics covered: •How utility origination teams manage the commercial complexity of battery assets in a fundamentally "self-cannibalizing" market?•What internal process are required to negotiate and approve complex, high-risk contracts such as tolls.• Is the energy sector prepared for the disruptive market shift from annual REGO matching to a 24/7 hourly certification system?• How commercial teams are structuring PPAs between developers and offtakers.• Whether Contracts for Difference (CFD) rules are creating significant exposure for large offtakers.About our guestJosh Brown is the Origination Team Manager at SSE, working within the Energy Markets division, managing market-facing power and gas positions for both SSE's own extensive asset base and third-party clients. He specialises in navigating the complexities of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) for solar, wind, and hydro, alongside structured battery optimisation products and the management of green certificate trading (including REGOs and ROCs) for the entire group. Connect with Josh here https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-brown-4a8b0336/?originalSubdomain=ukSSE is a leading clean energy utility with a major presence across Great Britain and Ireland. The group is active across the entire energy value chain, including renewable and thermal generation, electricity networks, and supply. SSE has contracted over 2 GW of batteries and 3 GW of CfD-backed assets in the last two years alone for more information, head to their website. https://www.sse.com/About Modo EnergyModo Energy helps the owners, operators, builders, and financiers of battery energy storage understand the market — and make the most out of their assets.All episodes of Transmission are available to watch or listen to on the Modo Energy site. To stay up to date with our analysis, research, data visualisations, live events, and conversations, follow us on LinkedIn. Explore The Energy Academy, our bite-sized video series explaining how power markets work.

Kaledora Fontana Kiernan-Linn is the CoFounder and CEO of Ostium.In this episode, we learn how Ostium is building a next-gen trading platform on Arbitrum, bringing deep liquidity to asset classes like commodities, equities, indices, and RWAs onchain, while pursuing a unique long-term vision to reinvent CFD-style market access through DeFi.------

Welcome to The Chopping Block — where crypto insiders Haseeb Qureshi, Tom Schmidt, Tarun Chitra, and Robert Leshner chop it up about the latest in crypto. This week, Kaledora Linn, Co-founder and “Empress of RWAs” at Ostium, joins to break down the rise of on-chain equity perps, the funding-rate chaos that hit 365%, and why she believes the next wave of tokenized assets won't come from exchanges—but from structured liquidity markets. We dive deep into Ostium's hybrid CFD model that blends TradFi mechanics with on-chain transparency, explore why most retail traders can't stomach perp carry costs, and debate what “safe leverage” could look like in an RWA world. The panel also touches on CZ's presidential pardon and Coinbase's new Echo platform, connecting the dots between political optics, capital formation, and how crypto's product design is evolving beyond speculation. Whether you're building perpetual DEXs, tokenizing RWAs, or just trying to survive the next funding-rate spike, this episode unpacks how market design, UX, and regulation will shape crypto's next trillion-dollar frontier. Show highlights