Podcasts about Nineteenth Amendment

In this episode, we unravel the fascinating history of women's suffrage in Arizona, a state that initially entered the Union without giving women the right to vote, yet rapidly moved towards suffrage even before the Nineteenth Amendment took effect in 1920. We'll explore the complex landscape of political reform in the early 1900s and how social movements collided within the Arizona Constitutional Convention.Join us as we discuss the significant events leading up to the pivotal November 1912 elections when voters approved one of the first five amendments granting women the constitutional right to vote in Arizona. We'll dive into the challenges faced by suffragettes like Frances Willard Munds and Pauline O'Neill, who fought tirelessly for recognition amidst political maneuvering and deep-seated fears that women's suffrage would fuel the prohibition movement.Learn why earlier conventions hesitated to embrace suffrage, the fears surrounding a perceived link between voting rights and alcohol reform, and how the initiative process became a powerful tool for activists. We'll recount the successful campaign to amend the constitution, leading to a historic victory for women in Arizona that occurred well ahead of many states.Finally, we reflect on Arizona's progressive political legacy, highlighting the notable women who have risen to positions of power, from governors to U.S. senators. This episode is a compelling narrative of how Arizona's early adoption of women's suffrage not only transformed its political landscape but also set a precedent for women's leadership in the state. Join us for an enlightening journey through Arizona's history of women's rights and representation. The Arizona Constitution ProjectCheck Out Our Free Lessons on Arizona History and Government!Follow us on:TwitterLinked InInstagramFacebookYouTubeWebsiteInterested in a Master's Degree? Check out the School of Civic and Economic Leadership's Master's in Classical Liberal Education and Leadership

This Day in Legal History: Nineteenth Amendment AdoptedOn August 26, 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was officially adopted, marking a pivotal moment in American history by granting women the right to vote. The Amendment, which states that the right to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex," was the culmination of decades of activism and struggle by women's suffrage advocates. Pioneers like Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and many others fought tirelessly for this fundamental right, organizing rallies, petitions, and civil disobedience.The Amendment's adoption followed a lengthy ratification process, where Tennessee became the crucial 36th state to ratify the amendment, securing the necessary three-fourths majority. This victory did not come easily; it was the result of a concerted effort by suffragists who faced significant opposition. The Nineteenth Amendment not only expanded the electorate but also symbolized a broader movement toward gender equality in the United States. Its passage empowered women to engage fully in the democratic process and laid the groundwork for future advances in civil rights. The legacy of the Nineteenth Amendment continues to influence social and political movements to this day.Big Law firms are rallying behind Vice President Kamala Harris by hosting high-dollar fundraising events. Sullivan & Cromwell's Rodge Cohen is organizing a New York lunch featuring Doug Emhoff, with ticket prices reaching up to $100,000. In Washington, Jenner & Block's Josh Hsu is co-hosting an evening reception where tickets are nearly $7,000. Since Harris became the Democratic frontrunner, high-profile attorneys have been mobilizing to support her campaign, with several already raising substantial sums. Notably, Mayer Brown partner Phil Recht, a Harris supporter, notes strong momentum in campaign contributions. The host committees for these events include prominent figures from Big Law and the tech industry, such as Skadden's Nina Rose and OpenAI's Johanna Shelton. The fundraising effort has seen significant engagement, with many top lawyers eager to contribute. For example, Dawn Smalls of Jenner & Block raised $100,000 in just a week, and partners at firms like Gibson Dunn and WilmerHale are actively supporting Harris through events and donations.Big Law Throwing Kamala Fundraisers with a Six-Figure Ticket TierThe U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is set to challenge Kroger's $25 billion merger with rival Albertsons in federal court, arguing that the deal would harm consumers and workers by reducing competition. The FTC's case, part of the Biden administration's broader effort to address rising consumer prices, will focus on how the merger could lead to higher grocery prices and diminish the bargaining power of unionized workers, particularly in states like California and Washington where both chains have significant overlap. This trial marks a significant test for FTC Chair Lina Khan, who has prioritized using antitrust laws to protect workers, a shift from the traditional focus on consumer prices.Kroger and Albertsons argue that the merger is necessary to compete with large multinational retailers like Walmart, Costco, and Amazon. They propose selling 579 stores to mitigate competition concerns and promise to lower grocery prices by $1 billion post-merger. However, the FTC, supported by several states, contends that the merger would lead to store closures and weakened union leverage. The trial, expected to last around three weeks, will also examine whether the proposed buyer of the divested stores, C&S Wholesale Grocers, can successfully operate them.This case is significant as it builds on the FTC's recent focus on labor market competition, following other antitrust actions that have challenged the impact of mergers on workers, such as those in the college athletics and publishing industries. The outcome could pave the way for more scrutiny of mergers based on their effects on labor markets.US FTC's bid to block Kroger-Albertsons merger heads to trial | ReutersKroger case tests FTC Chair Khan's bid to protect workers | ReutersThe US Chamber of Commerce, a conservative business organization, is urging Congress to maintain the 21% corporate tax rate and extend key provisions of the 2017 Republican-led tax law. The Chamber argues that these measures will support sustained economic growth, aiming for at least 3% annually. As Congress prepares for a major tax code overhaul next year, the Chamber is actively lobbying to preserve lower international tax rates set to increase in 2025 and to reinstate certain deductions for research and development, interest expenses, and full asset expensing. While Republicans generally support extending parts of the 2017 law, despite concerns about the growing deficit, Democrats advocate for raising the corporate tax rate to 28% and increasing taxes on the wealthy to cover the law's costs. The University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School estimates that extending the law would only offset about 4.4% of its projected $4 trillion cost through economic growth.The US Chamber of Commerce is known for its conservative stance, particularly in advocating for pro-business policies and lower taxes. Historically, the Chamber has supported Republican initiatives and has often opposed regulatory measures that it views as detrimental to business interests.US Chamber to Ask Congress to Preserve 21% Corporate Tax RateCitgo Petroleum, originally founded in 1910 as Cities Service Company, became a significant player in the U.S. refining industry. In 1986, Venezuela's state-owned oil company, PDVSA, purchased a controlling stake in Citgo, integrating it into Venezuela's oil export strategy. Citgo operates as a major U.S. refiner with its headquarters in Houston, Texas.Currently, Citgo is at the center of a complex legal battle in the U.S. stemming from Venezuela's expropriations and debt defaults. A U.S. federal court officer, Robert Pincus, is overseeing an auction of shares in Citgo's parent company, PDV Holding, to satisfy up to $21.3 billion in claims. These claims have resulted from international arbitration awards and issues surrounding foreign sovereign immunity, making the case particularly complex.The auction process, ongoing since 2017, has faced multiple delays due to the complexity of the bids and the unprecedented legal context. The latest extension request, the third this year, would push the deadline to September 16 for Pincus to recommend a winning bid. The leading bidders are CVR Energy, supported by investor Carl Icahn, and an investment group led by Gold Reserve, a mining company. Following the recommendation, there will be a 21-day period for objections before a final sales hearing on November 7.US court officer requests new extension to select winner of Citgo auction | Reuters This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Women's Equality Day is celebrated in the U.S. on August 26 to commemorate the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to U.S. citizens on the basis of sex.

Passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified in 1920, the 19th Amendment granted—and legally guarantees—American women the right to vote. 

One of the shows Mickey-Jo recently saw during his recent two week trip to New York was SUFFS, the brand new Musical currently playing at the Music Box Theatre on Broadway. This is Mickey-Jo's ★★★★★ review of the musical. Suffs, the six-time Tony Award-nominated musical from Shaina Taub about the lives and legacies of unsung changemakers in the women's suffrage movement of 1920, is marching onto Broadway with producers Hillary Rodham Clinton and Malala Yousafzai. Just about century ago, the Nineteenth Amendment secured the voting rights of some women, largely thanks to key figures of the women's suffrage movement: Inez Milholland, Ida B. Wells, and Alice Paul, to name a few. However, this movement was not without its faults. With an honest, 21st-century lens, the Suffs musical examines both the crucial building blocks and the cracks in the foundation of the women's suffrage movement through the women that pioneered it. With a book and score by fast-rising composer Shaina Taub (also known for collaborating with Elton John on The Devil Wears Prada musical), Suffs off Broadway brings forth an exciting new voice in musical theatre. Taub now makes her Broadway debut after winning the 2014 recipient of the esteemed Jonathan Larson Award and earning acclaim with her work composing and starring in the Public's Twelfth Night and As You Like It musical adaptations. Tony Award nominee and two-time Obie Award winner Leigh Silverman (Violet) directs Suffs on Broadway. Alongside Taub in the cast is Tony Award winner Nikki M. James as Ida B. Wells, Tony Award nominee Jenn Colella as Carrie Chapman Catt, Grace McLean as President Woodrow Wilson, Hannah Cruz as Inez Milholland, Kim Blanck as Ruza Wenclawska, Anastacia McCleskey as Mary Church Terrell, Ally Bonino as Lucy Burns, Tsilala Brock as Dudley Malone, Nadia Dandashi as Doris Stevens, and Tony Award nominee Emily Skinner as Alva Belmont/Phoebe Burn. Rounding out the company are Hawley Gould as the Alternate for Alice Paul, Jaygee Macapugay as Mollie Hay, and Laila Drew as Phyllis Terrell/Robin. The ensemble will feature Dana Costello as well as Jenna Bainbridge, Monica Tulia Ramirez, and Ada Westfall making their Broadway debuts. The cast will also include Christine Heesun Hwang, Kirsten Scott , Housso Semon , and D'Kaylah Unique Whitley. • 00:00 | introduction 02:14 | overview / synopsis 07:02 | the material 15:38 | performances • About Mickey-Jo: As one of the leading voices in theatre criticism on a social platform, Mickey-Jo is pioneering a new medium for a dwindling field. His YouTube channel: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠MickeyJoTheatre⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ is the largest worldwide in terms of dedicated theatre criticism, where he also share features, news and interviews as well as lifestyle content for over 60,000 subscribers. Since establishing himself as a theatre critic he has been able to work internationally. With a viewership that is largely split between the US and the UK he has been fortunate enough to be able to work with PR, Marketing, and Social Media representatives for shows both in New York, London, Hamburg, and Paris. He has also twice received accreditation from the world renowned Edinburgh Fringe Festival. His reviews and features have also been published by WhatsOnStage, for whom he was a panelist to help curate nominees for their 2023 and 2024 Awards as well as BroadwayWorldUK and LondonTheatre.co.uk. He has been invited to speak to private tour groups, at the BEAM 2023 new musical theatre conference at Oxford Playhouse, and on a panel of critics at an event for young people considering a career in the arts courtesy of Go Live Theatre Projects. Instagram/TikTok/X: @MickeyJoTheatre

On this day in 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment was passed by the U.S. Senate and sent to the states for ratification. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

BREAKING THE NEWS follows the launch of The 19th*, a news startup that seeks to change the white, male-dominated news industry, asking who's been omitted from mainstream coverage and how to include them. As Donald Trump was getting sworn in as President and the Women's March set an angry, outspoken tone for the country's discourse, journalist Emily Ramshaw  decided to meet the moment by launching The 19th. Named after the Nineteenth Amendment, The 19th became the first nonprofit, nonpartisan news agency in the United States. Its mission is to focus on the impact of national politics and policy on women. However, by the time Emily and co-founder Amanda Zamora had secured funding and officially launched The 19th's news site, the pandemic hit — and the very fabric of society went into a tailspin. BREAKING THE NEWS immerses its audience in the lives and steadfast pursuits of the members of The 19th — women and LGBTQ+ journalists — as they struggle to launch the agency and work to gain traction for their newsroom amidst shuttered news outlets and an upended America. With spirited storytelling, the directorial trio of Heather Courtney, Princess A. Hairston, and Chelsea Hernandez provide an inquisitive and dynamic view into the inner workings of this news agency as its journalists disrupt entrenched biases, push for accountability and in the process captured the honest discussions at The 19th* around race and gender equity, revealing that change doesn't come easy, and showcases how they confront these challenges both as a workplace and in their journalism. For more go to: 19thnews.org/breaking-the-news-documentary-pbs Or: breakingthenewsfilm.com Or: 19thnews.org

Producer's Note:  March 8th, 2024 is International Women's Day. This global event celebrates the social, economic, cultural, and political achievements of women, and serves as a call to action for accelerating women's equality. To join in this celebration, we'd like to encore an episode that originally aired back in August of 2022 when Sara Walker hosted to highlight the wisdom of women CX leaders that were guests on the show. If you'd like to know more about International Women's Day, you can go to internationalwomensday.com. Some information in this episode might be out of date, but it's a great way to celebrate the phenomenal women CX leaders that have been on the show, and those that continue to drive customer experience excellence in organizations across the globe. Women's Equality Day is celebrated in the United States on August 26, commemorating the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. In honor of that event, and in honor of her great-grandmother Tommie Walker, who founded Walker in 1939, Sara Walker guests hosts to highlight words of wisdom from women who have been guests on The CX Leader Podcast. Learn more about International Women's Day at https://internationalwomensday.com Listen to more episodes at https://cxleaderpodcast.com/ Learn more about Walker at https://walkerinfo.com/

Amendments Beyond the Bill of Rights. 1. The Fifteenth Amendment. The Fifteenth Amendment, ratified in 1870, is a pivotal component of the post-Civil War amendments. It prohibits the denial of voting rights based on an individual's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Significance: The Fifteenth Amendment sought to enfranchise African American men who had been denied the right to vote in many parts of the United States due to racial discrimination and the legacy of slavery. It was a significant step toward achieving civil rights and political participation. Example: The Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to eliminate racial discrimination in voting, draws its authority from the Fifteenth Amendment. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices like literacy tests and poll taxes. 2. The Nineteenth Amendment. The Nineteenth Amendment, ratified in 1920, granted women the right to vote. It marked a substantial expansion of suffrage and women's rights. Significance: The Nineteenth Amendment recognized the importance of gender equality in a democracy and extended the right to vote to over half of the U.S. population, promoting a more inclusive and representative democracy. Example: The women's suffrage movement, characterized by activists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, played a significant role in advocating for the Nineteenth Amendment. 3. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment, ratified in 1971, lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. It was a response to concerns about young people being drafted into the military to fight in the Vietnam War while not having the right to vote. Significance: This amendment recognized that individuals aged 18 to 20 who could be drafted into the military should also have the right to vote. It underscored the importance of equal representation and participation in the democratic process. Example: In the case of Oregon v. Mitchell (1970), the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Congress's authority to lower the voting age, setting an important precedent. Interpretation of Constitutional Provisions. The interpretation of constitutional provisions is a dynamic process that shapes how the Constitution is applied to contemporary issues. The Supreme Court plays a central role in this process by rendering decisions that clarify the meaning of the Constitution. Landmark Supreme Court Cases. Landmark Supreme Court cases have significantly influenced the interpretation of the Constitution. Here are a few examples: Marbury v. Madison (1803): This case established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws or actions of the government unconstitutional. Brown v. Board of Education (1954): This case declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine. Roe v. Wade (1973): In this case, the Supreme Court recognized a woman's constitutional right to choose to have an abortion, based on the right to privacy. Citizens United v. FEC (2010): This case held that political spending by corporations is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment. Precedent in Shaping Constitutional Law. The doctrine of precedent, often referred to as "stare decisis," plays a critical role in shaping constitutional law. It means that courts should follow previous decisions, particularly those made by higher courts, when deciding similar cases. Significance: Precedent ensures consistency and predictability in the legal system. When a case is decided based on precedent, it helps maintain the rule of law and ensures that similar cases are treated similarly. Example: The principle of "separate but equal" in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education (1954), setting a new precedent that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/law-school/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/law-school/support

Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day for August 26, 2023 is: suffrage • SUF-rij • noun Suffrage means “the right to vote in an election.” // The Nineteenth Amendment, which granted suffrage to women, was certified on August 26, 1920, making it an official part of the Constitution of the United States. See the entry > Examples: “The Liberty Tree dates back to 1763, and it played a significant role in the Underground Railroad. ... The tree also stands outside what were once the High Street stables of Edward E. Bennett, a local hotel keeper who sheltered enslaved people seeking freedom along the Underground Railroad. During the 19th century, people often gathered around the tree to hear speeches by leaders of the time such as William Lloyd Garrison, Lucy Stone, and Douglass on subjects ranging from abolition to women's suffrage.” — Tiana Woodard, The Boston Globe, 8 July 2023 Did you know? Why would a 17th-century writer warn people that a chapel was only for “private or secret suffrages”? Because suffrage has been used since the 14th century to mean “prayer” (especially a prayer requesting divine help or intercession). So how did suffrage come to mean “a vote” or “the right to vote”? In answering that question, we get a lesson about the ways Latin words enter English. The Latin word suffrāgium has a number of vote-related meanings, including “a vote cast in an assembly” and “the right to vote.” In Medieval Latin, this same word had expanded to mean “vote, selection, aid, support, intercessory prayer,” and it's this suffrāgium that gave us the prayer kind of suffrage in the 14th century. It wasn't until the 16th century that English speakers mined the older—the classical—Latin suffrāgium for a word to use with regard to voting, and especially to refer to the right to vote.

Women's Equality Day is observed on August 26th in the United States, and commemorates the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Virginia Kase Solomón, the CEO of the League of Women Voters and a lifetime champion of civil rights and social justice, joins The Electorette to discuss the history of the women's suffrage movement, the passage of the 19th Amendment, and Women's Equality Day—which they've coined Women's Inequality Day to bring attention to the work that still needs to be done in the fight for equality. Solomón discusses the ways in which narratives around the Women's Suffrage Movement have been romanticized, and suggests ways to discuss this part of our history moving forward. We talk about Affirmative Action, and how the recent Supreme Court decision to end race-conscious admissions will ultimately affect all marginalized groups, including women. Lastly, we discuss the upcoming election cycle, and the importance of full participation, because as Solomón puts it, "We are voting for our lives." From This Episode ABOUT THE GUEST Virginia Kase Solomón is the CEO of the League of Women Voters and a lifetime champion of civil rights and social justice. Since 2018, she has led the 102-year-old organization through a period of rapid transformation and growth focused on building power by engaging in advocacy, legislation, expanded litigation, and organizing efforts to ensure voting rights for all. EPISODE RESOURCES Power the Polls:Help strengthen our democracy by becoming an election poll worker) Learn more about the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) as mentioned in this episode Join the League of Women Voters Listen to All Electorette Episodes https://www.electorette.com/podcast Support the Electorette Rate & Review on iTunes: https://apple.co/2GsfQj4 Also, if you enjoy the Electorette, please subscribe and leave a 5-star review on iTunes. Also, please spread the word by telling your friends, family, and colleagues about The Electorette! WANT MORE ELECTORETTE? Follow the Electorette on social media. Electorette Facebook Electorette Instagram Electorette Twitter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On this day in legal history, on August 18, 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the states – beginning in earnest the path to women's suffrage. The fight for women's suffrage in the United States began after the war for independence, where most states denied women the right to vote. Throughout the 19th century, leaders like Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony worked tirelessly for women's voting rights, organizing protests, marches, and lobbying efforts. In 1878, a women's suffrage amendment was introduced, but it was rejected by the Senate in 1887. However, many western states began to grant women full or partial voting rights, such as Wyoming, Colorado, and Idaho. Following World War I, the suffrage movement gained momentum, and President Wilson began to support it in 1918. Despite initial failures to pass the amendment, Wilson called a special session of Congress, and the woman's suffrage amendment was approved by Congress on June 4, 1919. Several states quickly ratified the amendment, but ratification faced opposition in states like Alabama and Georgia. The fate of the 19th Amendment rested with Tennessee, where supporters and opponents lobbied fiercely. After a dramatic series of events, including legislators fleeing to prevent a vote, the Tennessee House of Representatives voted in favor of ratification. On August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment was ratified, which paved the way for American women the right to vote, a monumental step in the long and ongoing journey towards gender equality in the United States.The 19th Amendment, ratified on August 18, 1920, is often celebrated as a milestone in women's voting rights in the U.S. It was designated in 1976 as Women's Equality Day and its centennial in 2020 was marked with various commemorations. However, this view overlooks the reality that the amendment did not grant the vote to all women, only stating that voting rights could not be denied on account of sex. After its ratification, states could still employ voter suppression tactics like poll taxes, effectively keeping many Black, Latina, Indigenous, and Asian American women from voting. These suppression tools largely benefited white women, reflecting the interests of white suffragists who were willing to sacrifice the rights of others to gain support for the amendment. Despite this limited initial progress, activism for women's voting rights continued, leading to major victories like the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and, one hopes, more major victories in the name of equality in the years to come. In sum, we should celebrate the ratification of the 19th Amendment, while still recognizing it was not a panacea to inequity but rather a step, and the struggle for true equality in voting rights persists to this day.19th Amendment anniversary: The amendment's passage didn't give women the right to vote - VoxBloomberg Law has a report detailing the effect of the impending student loan cliff.The impending end of pandemic-era student debt forgiveness programs has increased pressure on employers to aid workers with upcoming payments, reducing the attractiveness of a 401(k) loan matching program set to begin next year under the SECURE 2.0 Act. This new provision would have allowed employers to match student loan repayments like retirement plan deferrals, aiming to boost employee 401(k)s. However, immediate payment demands are driving employers to look for more direct financial help. With nearly 46 million borrowers facing interest accruals in September and regular bills in October, more than half of workers aged 25-40 are seeking student loan support at work. Despite the SECURE 2.0's intention, confusion remains among employers, leading some to seek alternatives like financial wellness programs and coaching services. Only about 8% of employers offer direct repayment assistance, although this number has doubled since 2020 under a CARES Act provision that allows tax-free company contributions to loans. This provision is emerging as more attractive to some companies than SECURE 2.0. Many misunderstandings about the SECURE 2.0 provision have left employers uncertain, and the IRS has yet to issue clear guidance. The focus on immediate student loan payoffs or coaching has become a method for talent recruitment and retention, reflecting a shift in priorities from retirement savings to current financial burdens.401(k) Law's Appeal Fades as Workers Face Student Debt DeadlinesAMC Entertainment Holdings Inc. is facing a challenge to its court-approved stock conversion plan from a preferred shareholder, Michael Simons, who claims the deal undervalues investors like him. The plan, approved by Delaware's Court of Chancery, would convert AMC's preferred stock (APEs) to common shares, including extra shares for individual investors. Thousands of investors opposed the deal, fearing their shares would be diluted. Simons is now asking the court to declare the deal invalid, alleging that it violates the rights of APE holders by not adjusting for any dilution. The lawsuit argues that AMC should distribute the same amount of new stock to APE holders as to common shareholders to avoid diluting ownership interests. The approved settlement came after a contentious legal battle, with many retail investors urging the court to block the plan, claiming that AMC owed them more for saving the company from bankruptcy during the meme stock rally. The dispute started when a pension fund sued AMC, claiming it was sidelining small investors. Despite revisions to include extra shares, many individual investors continued to oppose the plan. Vice Chancellor Morgan Zurn approved the settlement, highlighting that additional shares would offset the dilutive effects, but it's unclear when the conversion will occur. Separately, AMC has sued its insurers for refusing to fund the settlement, and another common stockholder is seeking a court order for the company to hold its first annual meeting and board election in over a year.AMC Investor Challenges Court-Approved APE Stock Conversion PlanAttorney John Eastman, indicted in Georgia in connection to efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election, is awaiting a ruling on his request to postpone his California disciplinary trial while his criminal case progresses. State Bar Court Judge Yvette D. Roland is considering Eastman's request for a stay or abatement of proceedings pending the resolution of his federal criminal investigation and trial. The disciplinary trial is scheduled to resume on August 22, and the defense is seeking a stay until Eastman is "out of harm's way" concerning the Georgia indictment. Roland stated she would rule shortly on the request and is considering a partial stay, but not a total abatement of the action. Bar prosecutors have opposed the postponement request, labeling it an "opportunistic attempt to delay." Eastman's attorney, Randall A. Miller, argued the situation is now more severe, as it affects not just Eastman's license to practice law but his freedom. Eastman, along with former President Donald Trump and 17 others, was indicted on August 14 on charges including racketeering in Georgia. Eastman was previously charged by the California State Bar with 11 ethical and statutory obligations related to efforts to undermine the 2020 election results. He is contending that he can assert the Fifth Amendment privilege to prevent testifying, though Judge Roland said this cannot be done as a blanket claim. The trial has also been complicated by out-of-state witnesses refusing to testify for Eastman, fearing reprisals. Roland has asked the bar to reschedule witnesses for August 22.Eastman Disciplinary Trial After Georgia Indictment in LimboA Republican U.S. lawmaker, House Oversight Committee Chairman James Comer, is heading a congressional probe into Hunter Biden's business dealings and has asked the National Archives for unredacted emails and documents from 2015 and 2016 between President Joe Biden and his son. These years correspond to when Joe Biden was vice president and his son was on the board of the Ukrainian energy company, Burisma. House Republicans are considering a possible impeachment inquiry against President Biden, partly based on allegations of financial misconduct involving the president, his son, and other family members. The White House has strongly denied these allegations, and no evidence of financial misconduct by the president has been produced. U.S. special counsel David Weiss, who is investigating Hunter Biden, said that a trial might be possible on charges of tax evasion and a gun charge after a judge refused a plea deal. This situation could lead to a criminal trial for Hunter Biden while his father seeks reelection. A former business associate of Hunter Biden, Devon Archer, has testified that although the younger Biden gave the impression of leverage because of his father, he was not aware of any wrongdoing by the elder Biden. Comer has alleged that the evidence reveals "access was wide open" for influence peddling in the Biden family, and he has called on the National Archives to provide the unredacted records to further the investigation. Hunter Biden pleaded not guilty in July to charges of failing to pay taxes on more than $1.5 million in income, and he faces a separate charge related to unlawfully owning a firearm while using illegal drugs.US House Republicans seek Joe Biden's emails from National Archives | ReutersThe California attorney general's office is investigating whether Kroger's $24.6 billion plan to acquire rival Albertsons would result in more "pharmacy deserts" in poorer urban and rural areas, according to sources familiar with the review. Pharmacy deserts refer to neighborhoods where access to a pharmacy requires walking or taking a bus more than a half mile, or in driving areas, being more than a mile from a pharmacy. California Attorney General Rob Bonta has expressed deep concern over the proposed merger, which would create a grocery chain with nearly 5,000 stores. The Federal Trade Commission is leading a federal probe into the matter, speaking with experts in food deserts, farming, and smaller grocery chains. The deal's impact on low-income individuals and access to pharmacy services, including vaccinations, has been a particular focus. Despite the companies' pledge to close no stores, some fear that less profitable stores may be closed, restricting access to pharmacies. A Kroger spokesperson stated that the company is working with antitrust enforcers to ensure stores remain open and viable, including those with pharmacies.California probes 'pharmacy deserts' in Kroger's Albertsons deal-sources | Reuters Get full access to Minimum Competence - Daily Legal News Podcast at www.minimumcomp.com/subscribe

Welcome to the Torpedo! A show where we give brief reviews and tell you whether the game is a hit or a miss! Our first episode features Votes for Women from Fort Circle Games. Votes for Women is a card-driven game covering the American women's suffrage movement from 1848-1920, culminating with the ratification (or rejection) of the Nineteenth Amendment. The game provides competitive, co-operative and solitaire play, with co-operative and solitaire play against the "Oppobot." To win, the Suffragist player must have Congress pass the proposed Amendment and then have three-fourths of the states (36 of the then 48 states) ratify the Amendment. The Opposition player wins by either preventing Congress from passing the proposed Amendment or by having 13 states reject the Amendment. The game lasts for six turns - a turn consisting of drawing cards from the players' own decks, bidding on strategy cards, and then six rounds of card play where a player may play a card for an event or discard a card to campaign, organize or lobby Congress. If Congress has proposed the Amendment but neither 36 states have ratified nor 13 states have rejected, then the game goes to Final Voting. See More about Votes for Women

The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified on August 18, 1920, stating “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.” Written by By Maxine Wagenhoffer. Narration by Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Audio and video production by Cody Patton, Laura Seeger, and Dr. Nicholas B. Breyfogle. Textual and video versions of this podcast are available at https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/nineteenth-amendment-womens-suffrage. This is a production of Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective at the Goldberg Center in the Department of History at The Ohio State University and the Department of History at Miami University. Be sure to subscribe to our channel to receive updates about our videos and podcasts. For more information about Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective, please visit origins.osu.edu.

Afghanistan and Women's Rights: A Recent HistoryIn the early 20th century, Afghanistan might have been described as one of the most progressive countries in Central Asia in terms of women's rights. Afghan women first became eligible to vote in 1919 - a year before the United States enshrined a woman's right to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Afghan women were able to attend school, hold jobs, and participate in public life after a series of progressive reforms introduced by King Amanullah Khan, who ruled the country from 1919 to 1929.Amanullah's wife, Soraya Tarzi, was also a strong advocate for women's rights; she founded the first women's magazine in Afghanistan and worked to improve the lives of women in the country. However, the reforms of Amanullah Khan and Soraya Tarzi were met with resistance from many traditional Afghans. In 1929, a rebellion broke out against Khan, and he was forced to abdicate. He and Soraya fled to Italy, where they lived in exile until their deaths.The new government reversed many of Amanullah's reforms, including the abolition of purdah (the practice of female seclusion prevalent among some Muslim and Hindu communities) and the right of women to vote and hold office. Women were once again forced to stay in seclusion and were denied access to education, employment, and social opportunity. Rights and progress for women and girls in Afghanistan continued to deteriorate with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and subsequent rise of various Mujahideen groups that plunged the country into economic chaos and civil war. The Education of Women and Girls in AfghanistanThe Taliban came to power in Afghanistan in 1996 and imposed harsh restrictions on women and girls, including banning them from attending school. The US-led invasion of 2001 in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks resulted in the adoption of some progressive reforms, and in the years following the invasion, the number of girls enrolled in school in the country stabilized at about 3.5 million. However, the Taliban again seized power in Afghanistan after US-led forces withdrew from the region in 2021, which destroyed much of the progress that had been made for women's rights in the country. Secondary schools and universities are presently closed to women in Afghanistan, and girls and women currently pursuing education in Afghanistan do so at great risk to themselves and their families.Join us as we discuss the increasingly dire situation for women and girls in Afghanistan, the pressures being applied by the international community, and the ways in which Afghan women are fighting back against the dissolution of their rights and freedoms.Sources & Resources:BBC News - The secret schools teaching girls in AfghanistanTED Talk - Shabana Basij-Rasikh: The dream of educating Afghan girls lives onBritannica - Afghan WarU.S. Withdrawal from AfghanistanJSTOR - CHAPTER TWO Historical Overview: 20th-Century Security Aid to Afghanistan Before the Soviet InvasionAljazeera - Taliban says women banned from universities in AfghanistanThe Guardian - Taliban ban girls from secondary education in Afghanistan by Emma Graham-HarrisonThe Economic Times - Taliban claims closure of girl's school "temporary", says not a "permanent ban"United Nations - Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed's press conference upon her return from AfghanistanThe White House - FACT SHEET: Let Girls Learn – A Comprehensive Investment in Adolescent Girls EducationEditorials - Boosting Let Girls Learn in AfghanistanWikipedia - FCC Fairness DoctrineWikipedia - Ed GodfreyBuried Beneath the Baobab Tree By Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani, Viviana Mazza The Guardian - Trump administration may scrap Michelle Obama's health and education programs by Tom McCarthyCounter Terrorism Guide - Boko HaramWikipedia - Boko HaramEarth Day History

By the time that the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in the United States in 1920, a number of other countries or states within them had secured women's suffrage. Learn more about suffrage worldwide in this episode! Center for Civic Education

In 2020, celebrations will mark the one hundredth anniversary of the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which gave women the right to vote. Looking through pictures of marches supporting the amendment, I was struck by photographs of women carrying banners emblazoned with the words of Psalm 68:11, “The Lord giveth the Word. The women that publish the tidings are a mighty host” (ASV). In Psalm 68, David describes God as the One who leads the oppressed from their captivity (v. 6), refreshing and renewing His weary people from His bountiful riches (vv. 9,10). In this psalm’s thirty-five verses, David references God forty-two times, never allowing the reader to forget the One who has constantly been with them, at work to rescue them from injustice and suffering. And a mighty throng of women proclaim this truth (v. 11). Whether the women who marched for voting rights fully understood all that Psalm 68 was declaring, their banners proclaimed a timeless truth. God, the “father to the fatherless” and “a defender of widows” (v. 5), goes out before His people leading them to places of blessing, refreshment, and joy. Be encouraged today, remembering that God's presence has always been with His people, and in a special way with the vulnerable and suffering. As in the past, through Christ's Spirit God is still powerfully present with us today.

American Women and the Fight for Equality - Elisabeth Griffith The Not Old Better Show, Smithsonian Associates Interview Series Welcome to The Not Old Better Show, Smithsonian Associates Interview Series on radio and podcast. I'm Paul Vogelzang, and as part of our Women's History Month we have an excellent program about women's fight for equality, how women use the vote, and the diverse struggle of women's rights in the US.  Our guest today is Smithsonian Associate, journalist, historian and author Elisabeth Griffith, who has written the new book "Formidable: American Women and the Fight for Equality: 1920-2020" Thank you so much for listening. We've got a great guest today for Women's History Month with Smithsonian Associate author  Elisabeth Griffith, who is a journalist, activist, historian and author, and who, after reading her new book, "Formidable: American Women and the Fight for Equality: 1920-2020" I've been looking forward to speaking with her for a while. I'll introduce her in just a moment. But, quickly, if you missed any episodes, last week was our 701st episode when I spoke to science writer, Lizzie Stark about her new book, Egg.  Two weeks ago, I spoke with returning guest Smithsonian Associate, journalist, and author Rebecca Boggs Roberts, who has written the new book, Untold Power: The Fascinating Rise and Complex Legacy of First Lady Edith Wilson  Excellent subjects for our Not Old Better Show audience…If you missed those shows, along with any others, you can go back and check them out with my entire back catalog of shows, all free for you, there on our website, NotOld-Better.com After what Susan B. Anthony called “the long, hard fight,” the Nineteenth Amendment enfranchising 26 million white and Black women, was added to the Constitution on August 26, 1920. However, according to our guest today, Smithsonian Associate Elisabeth Griffith, the Nineteenth Amendment was an incomplete victory. Join Elisabeth Griffith and me as we talk about her upcoming Smithsonian Associates presentation, Black and white women who fought hard for voting rights and doubled the number of eligible voters, but how the amendment did not enfranchise all women or even protect the rights of those women who could vote. A century later, women are still grappling with how to use the vote and their political power to expand civil rights, confront racial violence, improve maternal health, advance educational and employment opportunities, and secure reproductive rights. That, of course, is our guest today, Elisabeth Griffith reading from her new book "Formidable: American Women and the Fight for Equality: 1920-2020" Elisabeth Griffith will be appearing at Smithsonian Associates coming up; please check out our show notes for more details.  But we have Elisabeth Griffith today.  Please join me in welcoming to  The Not Old Better Show, Smithsonian Associates Interview Series author interview series on radio and podcast, celebrating Women's History Month, historian, activist, and Smithsonian Associate Elisabeth Griffith. My thanks to the author and Smithsonian Associate Elisabeth Griffith. and her new book, "Formidable: American Women and the Fight for Equality: 1920-2020" Elisabeth Griffith will be appearing at Smithsonian Associates coming up, so please check out our show notes today for more details.  My thanks to the Smithsonian team for all they do to support the show, especially during  Women's History Month. You'll find more information about  Women's History Month, in our show notes today.  My thanks to you, my wonderful Not Old Better Show audience on radio and podcast…please be well and be safe during these times.  Please, be kind to one another, and let's do better.  Let's talk about Better…the Not Old Better Show on radio and podcast, Smithsonian Associates Author Interview series… For more information about today's interview and upcoming program, please check out Smithsonian Associates: https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/american-women-equality

The Nineteenth Amendment, which was ratified August 1920, secured women's right to vote in all elections: local, state, and national. Center for Civic Education

Rebekah and Richard discuss the 19th Amendment and history of women's suffrage. A controversial subject, in Limestone County groups of women banded together to register for their right to vote. Rebekah and Richard identify some of these early women and men who championed the cause. Find out why the Tennessee legislature made a run for the Alabama border in a last ditch effort to thwart the amendment! https://limestonecounty-al.gov/departments/archives/https://www.alcpl.org/For information, questions, or suggestions email rebekah.davis@limestonecounty-al.gov. Music from Pixabay 

Surprise Series! #3 of 4. Spanish American Nina Otero-Warren (1881-1965) was a suffragist, Progressive educator, woman's club member, public health and social welfare board member, and writer. She worked for formal and informal mediation between Hispanos, Anglo Americans, and Indians. She was instrumental in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, was the first Hispanic woman to run for United States Congress, and she was the superintendent of the Santa Fe school system for many years. Get the transcript and full bibliography at digpodcast.org Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

This is Living Stories, featuring voices from the collections of the Baylor University Institute for Oral History. I'm Kim Patterson. For more than a century, the majority of American women were denied the right to vote. Scores of determined suffragettes who wanted to reverse this injustice spoke out through publications, lectures, rallies, and appearances before legislators. Finally, these efforts paid off with the ratification in August 1920 of the Nineteenth Amendment, which states, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." Anna Gladys Jenkins Casimir was a student at Baylor in 1920 and recalls events surrounding the ratification: "I remember parades they had in Waco, and there were a lot of women dressed in white on a float, and they were carrying banners or saying, ‘We want the right to vote,' or something like that. I remember how thrilled my mother was that she got to vote in the 1920 election. She was interested in voting in the gubernatorial election as well as the national election. She was thrilled that she could vote." Martha Lena Emmons, also a student at Baylor during the amendment's adoption, describes an editorial cartoon concerning women's suffrage: "But I remember one cartoon that I saw one time (laughs) where there was a lady policeman in Chicago—I believe was the newspaper that had it. And a cartoon came out, showed an old bum with a lady with a policeman's costume on, and she had a hat pin. And she said, ‘Now, get a move on.' And this old bum said, ‘Who say that the pin ain't mightier than the sword?' (laughs) And she was prodding him along with a hat pin. But, oh, that'd been the latest/there'd been the ladies(??) movement always, you know." Emmons explains her reaction to the new law: I remember very well here in Baylor that Mrs. Russell, who was an aide of Mrs. Claypool, was lecturing to us one time or talking with a group of us about how to vote and where to vote and the responsibility of voting. She said, ‘I did not seek it, but it's our responsibility now,' and that was sort of—oh, it's always been my attitude: (interviewer sneezes) I didn't seek it, but we had it, and it's our responsibility. And the tragedy of it has been that a great many have not bothered to exercise this privilege which they fit, bled, and died to get and all that sort of thing. But so is true of any of our privileges." Interviewer: "Do you recall your first vote?" "Very well! I don't know how I would have made it if Pa Davis hadn't shown me what to do. I was teaching in Calvert, Texas, and we went down to the city hall to vote. And Mr. Davis, whom we called Pa Davis because we took our meals over there and they were just such a sweet old couple that looked after us and called us 'our kids,' their kids and all that. And when I saw him over there helping run that thing, oh, I just felt so relieved. And I dashed over, and I said, ‘Pa Davis, show me what to do and where to go,' and he did, you know. Yes, I remember very well my first vote, um-hm." The court case Leser v. Garnett, which reached the Supreme Court in 1922, argued the Nineteenth Amendment was not valid. But in a unanimous decision, the Supreme Court stated the amendment was constitutional on all points brought into question. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

On August 18. 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, giving American women the right to vote. When the Occupation of Japan began in 1945, the Nineteenth Amendment was a mere 25 years old but already so well ingrained in U.S. national identity that the thought of women's suffrage wasn't revolutionary to General Douglas MacArthur, who led the Occupation as the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers to Japan. He made it clear from the start of the Occupation that the emancipation of Japanese women was a top priority – and one of the most sensible things SCAP could do. In his statements at the time – and then later in his autobiography – he made it very clear that enfranchising women was a way to democratize, and then stabilize democracy. To discuss Occupation policy and women's suffrage in Japan, the MacArthur Memorial Podcast hosted Col. Cornelia Weiss (USAF, Ret.), a former JAG officer and an expert on General MacArthur's women's emancipation policy.  Follow us on:Twitter: @MacArthur1880; @AEWilliamsClarkFacebook: @MacArthurMemorialwww.macarthurmemorial.org

Embracing the F-Word: What is Feminism and how it can help us all be fully human Special guest Alison Buxton joins us again to discuss that OTHER dirty f-word: Feminism. She tells us what it is, what it isn't, and why it matters. The 2 dudes on this podcast learned a LOT from Alison, including how feminism is connected to everything in ways we didn't expect. Friends don't have to use shortened names Ms. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ms.) Book Club Episode: (https://www.followingthefire.com/30) “The Making of Biblical Womanhood” by Beth Allison Barr Rush Limbaugh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh) “Feminazi” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminazi) Book: “The Poisonwood Bible” by Barbara Kingsolver (https://amzn.to/3fp6cSS) Jane Fonda Vietnam War protests (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Fonda#Opposition_to_the_Vietnam_War) bell hooks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_hooks) Bra burning (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-45303069) Women's March 2017 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March) Black Lives Matter (https://blacklivesmatter.com) History of Feminism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_feminism) Intersectionality (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersectionality) Dr. Kimberlé Crenshaw (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberlé_Crenshaw) 19th Amendment (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution) Jim Crow laws (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws) MeToo movement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeToo_movement) Tarana Burke (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarana_Burke) From “The Handmaid's Tale” - Gilead (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale#Setting) Clarence Thomas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Thomas#Supreme_Court_nomination_and_confirmation) Anita Hill (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Hill#Allegations_of_sexual_harassment_against_Clarence_Thomas) Book: “The Democratization of American Christianity” by Nathan O. Hatch (https://amzn.to/3DPBYlA) The Bechdel Test (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bechdel_test) The Bechdel Test Movie List (https://bechdeltest.com) Nadia Boltz Weber (https://nadiabolzweber.com) Article: “The Crisis of Men and Boys” (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/opinion/crisis-men-masculinity.html)by David Brooks in the New York Times The Feeling Wheel (https://allthefeelz.app/feeling-wheel/) Kimberlé Crenshaw TED Talk (https://youtu.be/akOe5-UsQ2o) Book: “The Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir (https://amzn.to/3U40G7y) Book: “The Woman's Hour” by Elaine Weiss (https://amzn.to/3WnUxEz) Book: “The Krunk Feminist Collective” by Brittany Cooper (https://amzn.to/3U9IwRu) Book: “Feminism is For Everybody” by bell hooks (https://amzn.to/3SUKcNt) Book: “The Feminine Mystique” by Betty Friedan (https://amzn.to/3DRz9jL) Special Guest: Alison Buxton.

This week, we're joined by special guest Tiffany Wayne, a historian and scholar of women, gender, and feminism. Dr. Wayne was an Affiliated Scholar at Stanford University's Clayman Institute and a professor of history at UC Santa Cruz and Cabrillo College. She's edited and authored several books, including Women's Suffrage: The Complete Guide to the Nineteenth Amendment, Women's Rights in the United States, and Feminist Writings from Ancient Times to the Modern World. We're so glad to have Dr. Wayne on hand as Beth returns from the Hummels with bad news and a worse fever. You can visit Dr. Wayne online at womanwriting.com. Our cover art is by Mattie Lubchansky. It interpolates the cover art for Bethany C. Morrow's book "So Many Beginnings: A Little Women Remix," with permission from Macmillan Children's Publishing Group. It also interpolates the cover art for Hena Khan's book "More to the Story," with permission from Simon & Schuster. Our theme music is Mozart's Piano Sonata No. 16 in C Major. This episode was edited by Antoinette Smith and transcribed by Lou Balikos. A transcript of this episode is available here.

We're headed back to court again for a look at the 1922 Leser v Garnett supreme court decision! Join us as we discuss how women's right to vote has been a really weird issue in the US, what kind of folks were trying to prevent them from voting in the first place, and how is this stuff still going on today? Also, Greg's dog really wanted to be on the podcast this week, so listen for her tappy-toes in the background. Sources: The United States Constitution and Amendments Leser et al v. Garnett et al Supreme Court Decision How a Little-Known Supreme Court Case Got Women the Right to Vote by Lily Rothman Visit your local library for books on voting rights in the United States.

Martha S. Jones (NHC Fellow, 2013–14), Society of Black Alumni Presidential Professor and Professor of History, Johns Hopkins University In the standard story, the suffrage crusade began in Seneca Falls in 1848 and ended with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. But this overwhelmingly white women's movement did not win the vote for most Black women. Securing their rights required a movement of their own. In “Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All,” historian Martha S. Jones offers a new history of African American women's political lives in America. She recounts how they defied both racism and sexism to fight for the ballot, and how they wielded political power to secure the equality and dignity of all persons. From the earliest days of the republic to the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act and beyond, Jones excavates the lives and work of Black women—Maria Stewart, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Fannie Lou Hamer, and more—who were the vanguard of women's rights, calling on America to realize its best ideals. Watch the full video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/GAkgz7oYPV8 https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/virtual-book-club-vanguard-black-women-broke-barriers-won-vote-equality-for-all/

Women's Equality Day is celebrated in the United States on August 26, commemorating the 1920 adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibits the states and the federal government from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex. In honor of that event, and in honor of her great-grandmother Tommie Walker, who founded Walker in 1939, Sara Walker guests hosts to highlight words of wisdom from women who have been guests on The CX Leader Podcast.

After decades of struggle, the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920, recognizing the right of women to vote throughout the country, but not all women would be able to realize this right. Center for Civic Education

One day before the presidential inauguration of Woodrow Wilson, roughly 8,000 women's rights activists marched from the U.S. Capitol to the Treasury Department to demand the right to vote. Although marred by violence and racism, the aims of the marchers would be realized 7 years later with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. Center for Civic Education

The Twenty-fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964. Southern states of the former Confederate States of America adopted poll taxes in laws of the late 19th century and new constitutions from 1890 to 1908, after the Democratic Party had generally regained control of state legislatures decades after the end of Reconstruction, as a measure to prevent African Americans and often poor whites (and following passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, women) from voting. Use of the poll taxes by states was held to be constitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in the 1937 decision Breedlove v Suttles. When the 24th Amendment was ratified in 1964, five states still retained a poll tax: Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, Texas and Virginia. The amendment prohibited requiring a poll tax for voters in federal elections. But it was not until 1966 that the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Harper v Virginia Board of Elections that poll taxes for any level of elections were unconstitutional. It said these violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Subsequent litigation related to potential discriminatory effects of voter registration requirements has generally been based on application of this clause. Text. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Crystal Eastman (1881-1928) was unrelenting in her fight for equality. When the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in 1920, after years of fighting for the right of women to vote, she wrote: “Men are saying perhaps ‘Thank God, this everlasting fight is over!' But women, if I know them, are saying, ‘Now at last we can begin.'” She understood that gaining the right to vote was the first step in something much bigger.Special thanks to LinkedIn as our exclusive Women's History Month sponsor on Womanica. Join the conversation happening around the world, as LinkedIn members are redefining what it means to be a professional in today's work environment.History classes can get a bad wrap, and sometimes for good reason. When we were students, we couldn't help wondering... where were all the ladies at? Why were so many incredible stories missing from the typical curriculum? Enter, Womanica. On this Wonder Media Network podcast we explore the lives of inspiring women in history you may not know about, but definitely should.Every weekday, listeners explore the trials, tragedies, and triumphs of groundbreaking women throughout history who have dramatically shaped the world around us. In each 5 minute episode, we'll dive into the story behind one woman listeners may or may not know–but definitely should. These diverse women from across space and time are grouped into easily accessible and engaging monthly themes like Educators, Villains, Indigenous Storytellers, Activists, and many more.  Womanica is hosted by WMN co-founder and award-winning journalist Jenny Kaplan. The bite-sized episodes pack painstakingly researched content into fun, entertaining, and addictive daily adventures. Womanica was created by Liz Kaplan and Jenny Kaplan, executive produced by Jenny Kaplan, and produced by Liz Smith, Grace Lynch, Maddy Foley, Brittany Martinez, Edie Allard, Lindsey Kratochwill, Adesuwa Agbonile, Carmen Borca-Carrillo, Taylor Williamson, and Ale Tejeda. Special thanks to Shira Atkins.Original theme music composed by Miles Moran.We are offering free ad space on Wonder Media Network shows to organizations working towards social justice. For more information, please email Jenny at pod@wondermedianetwork.com.Follow Wonder Media Network:WebsiteInstagramTwitterTo take the Womanica listener survey, please visit: https://wondermedianetwork.com/survey 

Episode discussion topics Our right to vote is under siege by proposals across 43 out of 50 states in the Union (Washington Post, March 11, 2021). This is one of the rare cases DC is fortunate not to have a statehouse. We provide a May round-up on what's passed, below under the more info section. First, we review a "brief" timeline on the Hokey Pokey dance for who could vote when and where within the United States. Thank you to Wikipedia for the info. (Full list here, accessed Jun 4, 2021). 1789 The Constitution of the United States grants the states the power to set voting requirements. Generally, states limited this right to property-owning or tax-paying white males (about 6% of the population).[1] However, some states allowed also Black males to vote, and New Jersey also included unmarried and widowed women, regardless of color. Since married women were not allowed to own property, they could not meet the property qualifications.[2] 1791 Vermont is admitted as a new state, giving the vote to men regardless of color or property ownership.[5] 1807 Voting rights are taken away from free black males and from all women in New Jersey.[2] 1870 The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prevents states from denying the right to vote on grounds of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era began soon after. Former Confederate states passed Jim Crow laws and amendments to effectively disfranchise African-American and poor white voters through poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses and other restrictions, applied in a discriminatory manner. During this period, the Supreme Court generally upheld state efforts to discriminate against racial minorities; only later in the 20th century were these laws ruled unconstitutional. Black males in the Northern states could vote, but the majority of African Americans lived in the South.[17][18] Women in Utah get the right to vote.[21] 1882 Chinese-Americans lose the right to vote and become citizens through the Chinese Exclusion Act.[11] 1883 Women in Washington Territory earn the right to vote.[24] 1887 Citizenship is granted to Native Americans who are willing to disassociate themselves from their tribe by the Dawes Act, making those males technically eligible to vote. Women in Washington lose the right to vote.[24] Women in Utah lose the right to vote under the Edmunds–Tucker Act.[25] Kansas women earn the right to vote in municipal elections.[20] Arizona, Montana, New Jersey, North Dakota, and South Dakota grant partial suffrage to women.[13] 1913 Direct election of Senators, established by the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, gave voters rather than state legislatures the right to elect senators.[31] White and African American women in the Territory of Alaska earn the right to vote.[32] Women in Illinois earn the right to vote in presidential elections.[25] 1914 Nevada and Montana women earn the right to vote.[20] 1917 Women in Arkansas earn the right to vote in primary elections.[20] Women in Rhode Island earn the right to vote in presidential elections.[25] Women in New York, Oklahoma, and South Dakota earn equal suffrage through their state constitutions.[25] 1918 Women in Texas earn the right to vote in primary elections.[33] 1920 Women are guaranteed the right to vote by the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. In practice, the same restrictions that hindered the ability of non-white men to vote now also applied to non-white women. 1924 All Native Americans are granted citizenship and the right to vote through the Indian Citizenship Act, regardless of tribal affiliation. By this point, approximately two thirds of Native Americans were already citizens.[35][36] Notwithstanding, some western states continued to bar Native Americans from voting until 1948.[37] 1943 Chinese immigrants are given the right to citizenship and the right to vote by the Magnuson Act.[39] 1948 Arizona and New Mexico are among the last states to extend full voting rights to Native Americans, which had been opposed by some western states in contravention of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924.[37][40] 1961 Residents of Washington, D.C. are granted the right to vote in U.S. Presidential Elections by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution.[11] 1962-1964 A historic turning point arrived after the U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren made a series of landmark decisions which helped establish the nationwide "one man, one vote" electoral system in the United States. In March 1962, the Warren Court ruled in Baker v. Carr (1962) that redistricting qualifies as a justiciable question, thus enabling federal courts to hear redistricting cases.[45] In February 1964, the Warren Court ruled in Wesberry v. Sanders (1964) that districts in the United States House of Representatives must be approximately equal in population.[46] In June 1964, the Warren Court ruled in Reynolds v. Sims (1964) that each chamber of a bicameral state legislature must have electoral districts roughly equal in population.[47][48][49] 1964 Poll Tax payment prohibited from being used as a condition for voting in federal elections by the Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.[30] 1965 Protection of voter registration and voting for racial minorities, later applied to language minorities, is established by the Voting Rights Act of 1965.[11] This has also been applied to correcting discriminatory election systems and districting. In Harman v. Forssenius the Supreme Court ruled that poll taxes or "equivalent or milder substitutes" cannot be imposed on voters.[30] 1966 Tax payment and wealth requirements for voting in state elections are prohibited by the Supreme Court in Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections.[23] 1970 Alaska ends the use of literacy tests.[44] Native Americans who live on reservations in Colorado are first allowed to vote in the state.[50] 1971 Adults aged 18 through 21 are granted the right to vote by the Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This was enacted in response to Vietnam War protests, which argued that soldiers who were old enough to fight for their country should be granted the right to vote.[31][51][52] 1973 Washington, D.C. local elections, such as Mayor and Councilmen, restored after a 100-year gap in Georgetown, and a 190-year gap in the wider city, ending Congress's policy of local election disfranchisement started in 1801 in this former portion of Maryland—see: D.C. Home rule. 1986 United States Military and Uniformed Services, Merchant Marine, other citizens overseas, living on bases in the United States, abroad, or aboard ship are granted the right to vote by the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act.[59] 2013 Supreme Court ruled in the 5–4 Shelby County v. Holder decision that Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act is unconstitutional. Section 4(b) stated that if states or local governments want to change their voting laws, they must appeal to the Attorney General.[62] Call to Action:  Email or call your Congressional Senator to voice your support for  HR1 - For the People Act of 2021 which passed the House and sits on the doorstep of the Senate. Now is a critical time. Also, it's worth mentioning that a more focused bill, the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act seems to have enough support to pass the Senate, as of this moment anyway. Find out what it takes to vote in your county and get it taken care of, then vote in candidates who support everyone's access and right to vote. Your hosts: Michael V. Piscitelli and Raymond Wong Jr. More info According to Voting Laws Roundup: May 2021 by the Brennan Center for Justice, states have already enacted more than 20 laws this year that will make it harder for Americans to vote — and many legislatures are still in session. Between January 1 and May 14, 2021, at least 14 states enacted 22 new laws that restrict access to the vote. At least 61 bills with restrictive provisions are moving through 18 state legislatures. Just to illustrate the variety of voting conditions available to citizens across the thousands of counties among the 50 states, here's a chart.  :-) Please feel free to share your thoughts through our Contact Us page or on Facebook. Learn more and reach out Head to Citizens Prerogative for additional information and log in or sign up to leave a comment. Don't forget to join our free newsletter and get 10% off at our shop! Go the extra mile by supporting us through Patreon. Please contact us with any questions or suggestions. Special thanks Our ongoing supporters, thank you! Our sponsor CitizenDoGood.com. Graphic design by SergeShop.com. Intro music sampled from “Okay Class” by Ozzy Jock under creative commons license through freemusicarchive.org. Other music provided royalty-free through Fesliyan Studios Inc. 

Episode 13: A Podcast of the Sidney St. James Show Burn, Baby, Burn! – Take the long-held assumption, found even in some of the most respected history books, that 1960s feminists exhibited against the establishment by setting fire to their bras. I grew up during this era. But where did it all begin? Maybe with Susan B. Anthony and others at the Seneca Falls meeting in New York in 1848? Follow my most exciting new adventure in this fiction novel based on actual facts as Dianne Jenkins loves one man, Russell Keiner, with her heart but despites him and all men with her mind. Follow her as she graduates from college and attempts to fight for Women's Rights. Our story has its beginning in 1860 with Abraham Lincoln having been just elected president of the United States… the long road to suffrage 1848 to 1920. Let's find out just what one senator said in 1968, “Feminists are only braless, brainless broads!” I Am Woman - Hear Me Roar, Part I and I Am Woman - I am invincible, Part 2 of this two-part series, hit the book stores on August 18, 2020, celebrating 100 long years from the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment securing women's right to vote in the United States of America! In the 1800s, the rights usually enjoyed by women were often taken away when she married. As a matter of fact, a woman gave up so many civil and property rights upon walking across that threshold that she was said to be entering a state of “civil death.” One such woman who would not stand for this inequality was Dianne Jenkins. She loves Reverend Russell Keiner with all her heart but hates him with all her mind. Her moving speech as Magna Cum Laude at Hampton's College describes her feeling toward inequality while not pulling any punches. Happy Listening! Follow James on Facebook @ https://www.facebook.com/authorsidneystjames Follow James at Blog Site @ https://www.sidneystjames.com Follow James on Instagram @ https://www.instagram.com/sidneyt.james Follow James Podcast on Apple @ https://podcasts.apple.com/us//sidney-st-james-writer-of-novels-and-teller-of-stories/id1561741505 Follow James Podcast on Google @ https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy81NTQ5ZWZlNC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw== Follow James Podcast on Anchor.FM @ https://anchor.fm/sidneystjames #genderequality #equality #feminism #womenempowerment #feminist #women #womensrights #girlpower #womensupportingwomen #gender #humanrights #equalrights #empowerment #intersectionalfeminism #sdg #love #metoo #femaleempowerment #covid #pride #empoweringwomen #diversity #education #strongwomen #womenempoweringwomen #lgbt #misogyny #smashthepatriarchy --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/sidneystjames/message

Nashville, August 1920. Thirty-five states have ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, twelve have rejected or refused to vote, and one last state is needed. It all comes down to Tennessee, the moment of truth for the suffragists, after a seven-decade crusade.

The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which granted women the right to vote nationwide, was the culmination of a long and oftentimes contentious campaign that had its origins in the beginnings of the nation itself. In American Women's Suffrage: Voices from the Long Struggle for the Vote, 1776-1965 (Library of America, 2020) Susan Ware provides readers with a sampling of the letters, articles, speeches, and other contemporary documents that reflect both the ideas of the movement and the arguments deployed against it. Her selections demonstrate how the battle of women's suffrage was itself a part of a broader campaign for women's rights in the early 19th century. Though it was galvanized by the activism of women from the abolitionist movement, the solidarity born of common oppression was shattered after the Civil War, when many suffragists expressed frustration with their exclusion from the voting rights being granted to Blacks. While a corps of dedicated activists continued their campaign into the 20th century, it was only in the 1910s that momentum shifted decisively in their direction. As Ware demonstrates, their success in gaining ratification in 1920 was less the conclusion of women's efforts for political quality than it was the end of one stage and the beginning of a new effort to turn the newly-won franchise into political power – an effort that continues down to the present day. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which granted women the right to vote nationwide, was the culmination of a long and oftentimes contentious campaign that had its origins in the beginnings of the nation itself. In American Women's Suffrage: Voices from the Long Struggle for the Vote, 1776-1965 (Library of America, 2020) Susan Ware provides readers with a sampling of the letters, articles, speeches, and other contemporary documents that reflect both the ideas of the movement and the arguments deployed against it. Her selections demonstrate how the battle of women's suffrage was itself a part of a broader campaign for women's rights in the early 19th century. Though it was galvanized by the activism of women from the abolitionist movement, the solidarity born of common oppression was shattered after the Civil War, when many suffragists expressed frustration with their exclusion from the voting rights being granted to Blacks. While a corps of dedicated activists continued their campaign into the 20th century, it was only in the 1910s that momentum shifted decisively in their direction. As Ware demonstrates, their success in gaining ratification in 1920 was less the conclusion of women's efforts for political quality than it was the end of one stage and the beginning of a new effort to turn the newly-won franchise into political power – an effort that continues down to the present day. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We think we know the story of women's suffrage in the United States: women met at Seneca Falls, marched in Washington, D.C., and demanded the vote until they won it with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.  But the fight for women's voting rights extended far beyond these familiar scenes. From social clubs in New York's Chinatown to conferences for Native American rights, and in African American newspapers and pamphlets demanding equality for Spanish-speaking New Mexicans, a diverse cadre of extraordinary women struggled to build a movement that would truly include all women, regardless of race or national origin.  In Recasting the Vote: How Women of Color Transformed the Suffrage Movement (The University of North Carolina Press, 2020), Cathleen D. Cahill tells the powerful stories of a multiracial group of activists who propelled the national suffrage movement toward a more inclusive vision of equal rights. Cahill reveals a new cast of heroines largely ignored in earlier suffrage histories: Marie Louise Bottineau Baldwin, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala-Ša), Laura Cornelius Kellogg, Carrie Williams Clifford, Mabel Ping-Hua Lee, and Adelina "Nina" Luna Otero-Warren. With these feminists of color in the foreground, Cahill recasts the suffrage movement as an unfinished struggle that extended beyond the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. As we celebrate the centennial of a great triumph for the women's movement, Cahill's powerful history reminds us of the work that remains. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We think we know the story of women's suffrage in the United States: women met at Seneca Falls, marched in Washington, D.C., and demanded the vote until they won it with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.  But the fight for women's voting rights extended far beyond these familiar scenes. From social clubs in New York's Chinatown to conferences for Native American rights, and in African American newspapers and pamphlets demanding equality for Spanish-speaking New Mexicans, a diverse cadre of extraordinary women struggled to build a movement that would truly include all women, regardless of race or national origin.  In Recasting the Vote: How Women of Color Transformed the Suffrage Movement (The University of North Carolina Press, 2020), Cathleen D. Cahill tells the powerful stories of a multiracial group of activists who propelled the national suffrage movement toward a more inclusive vision of equal rights. Cahill reveals a new cast of heroines largely ignored in earlier suffrage histories: Marie Louise Bottineau Baldwin, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala-Ša), Laura Cornelius Kellogg, Carrie Williams Clifford, Mabel Ping-Hua Lee, and Adelina "Nina" Luna Otero-Warren. With these feminists of color in the foreground, Cahill recasts the suffrage movement as an unfinished struggle that extended beyond the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. As we celebrate the centennial of a great triumph for the women's movement, Cahill's powerful history reminds us of the work that remains.

We think we know the story of women's suffrage in the United States: women met at Seneca Falls, marched in Washington, D.C., and demanded the vote until they won it with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.  But the fight for women's voting rights extended far beyond these familiar scenes. From social clubs in New York's Chinatown to conferences for Native American rights, and in African American newspapers and pamphlets demanding equality for Spanish-speaking New Mexicans, a diverse cadre of extraordinary women struggled to build a movement that would truly include all women, regardless of race or national origin.  In Recasting the Vote: How Women of Color Transformed the Suffrage Movement (The University of North Carolina Press, 2020), Cathleen D. Cahill tells the powerful stories of a multiracial group of activists who propelled the national suffrage movement toward a more inclusive vision of equal rights. Cahill reveals a new cast of heroines largely ignored in earlier suffrage histories: Marie Louise Bottineau Baldwin, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala-Ša), Laura Cornelius Kellogg, Carrie Williams Clifford, Mabel Ping-Hua Lee, and Adelina "Nina" Luna Otero-Warren. With these feminists of color in the foreground, Cahill recasts the suffrage movement as an unfinished struggle that extended beyond the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment. As we celebrate the centennial of a great triumph for the women's movement, Cahill's powerful history reminds us of the work that remains. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The epic history of African American women's pursuit of political power-and how it transformed America In the standard story, the suffrage crusade began in Seneca Falls in 1848 and ended with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. But this overwhelmingly white women's movement did not win the vote for most black women. Securing their rights required a movement of their own. In Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All (Basic Books, 2020), acclaimed historian Dr. Martha S. Jones offers a new history of African American women's political lives in America. She recounts how they defied both racism and sexism to fight for the ballot, and how they wielded political power to secure the equality and dignity of all persons. From the earliest days of the republic to the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act and beyond, Jones excavates the lives and work of black women-Maria Stewart, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Fannie Lou Hamer, and more-who were the vanguard of women's rights, calling on America to realize its best ideals. Adam McNeil is a third year Ph.D. in History student at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The epic history of African American women's pursuit of political power-and how it transformed America In the standard story, the suffrage crusade began in Seneca Falls in 1848 and ended with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. But this overwhelmingly white women's movement did not win the vote for most black women. Securing their rights required a movement of their own. In Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All (Basic Books, 2020), acclaimed historian Dr. Martha S. Jones offers a new history of African American women's political lives in America. She recounts how they defied both racism and sexism to fight for the ballot, and how they wielded political power to secure the equality and dignity of all persons. From the earliest days of the republic to the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act and beyond, Jones excavates the lives and work of black women-Maria Stewart, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Fannie Lou Hamer, and more-who were the vanguard of women's rights, calling on America to realize its best ideals. Adam McNeil is a third year Ph.D. in History student at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Many women won a political victory 100 years ago with the passage of the 19th amendment which declares that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.". The Brandywine Museum of Art is commemorating its passage and the long struggle leading to it with the exhibit Votes for Women: A Visual History funded in part by the National Endowment for the Arts. Votes for Women shines a spotlight on the movement with over 200 hundred objects including drawings, illustrations as well as historic photographs of marches and rallies and examples of clothing and sashes worn by the suffragists. Significantly, Votes for Women works against what had been a dominant narrative: that the suffrage movement had been mainly white. It recognizes both the critical efforts of women of color and their community networks and the inability of the 19th to guarantee access to the ballot to women of color—primarily but not exclusively in the Jim Crow south. A companion exhibition Witness to History ”continues the story of the ongoing struggles marginalized communities faced when voting following the passing of the Nineteenth Amendment” featuring 55 photographs taken during the historic 1965 civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery. Curator Amanda Burdan talks about creating an inclusive exhibit about suffrage, its challenges and rewards, as well as the determination, political sophistication and publicity savvy of the suffragists.  

On August 26th, 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed. Women were no longer barred from voting because of gender. Today on Access Utah, we'll preview an event happening tomorrow celebrating this anniversary and honoring the people, past and present, who fight for voting rights.

On November 22, 2019, a plaque was placed and dedicated on the Brougher Avenue side of the Mizpah Hotel and says, “Suffrage Leader – Marjorie Moore Brown worked for Nevada's Vote & the Nineteenth Amendment. Suffrage meetings held here at the Mizpah Hotel, 1912 – 1914.” This plaque was placed in cooperation with The National Votes for Women Trail - Road to the 19th Amendment and the William C. Pomeroy Foundation, 2019. This is Episode 3, Marjorie Moore Brown – Lady In Boomtown.

Nashville, August 1920. Thirty-five states have ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, twelve have rejected or refused to vote, and one last state is needed. It all comes down to Tennessee, the moment of truth for the suffragists, after a seven-decade crusade. The opposing forces include politicians with careers at stake, liquor companies, railroad magnates, and racists who don't want black women voting. And then there are the “Antis”–women who oppose their own enfranchisement, fearing suffrage will bring about the moral collapse of the nation. They all converge in a boiling hot summer for a face-off replete with dirty tricks, betrayals and bribes, bigotry, Jack Daniel's, and the Bible.

Nashville, August 1920. Thirty-five states have ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, twelve have rejected or refused to vote, and one last state is needed. It all comes down to Tennessee, the moment of truth for the suffragists, after a seven-decade crusade. The opposing forces include politicians with careers at stake, liquor companies, railroad magnates, and racists who don't want black women voting. And then there are the “Antis”–women who oppose their own enfranchisement, fearing suffrage will bring about the moral collapse of the nation. They all converge in a boiling hot summer for a face-off replete with dirty tricks, betrayals and bribes, bigotry, Jack Daniel's, and the Bible.