Podcasts about Biometrics

Recorded especially for Portugal Talk Radio.Tune in here - www.portugaltalkradio.com - in soft launch, your feedback is most welcome! In this June 2026 update, Tig covers the latest developments affecting British nationals living in or visiting Portugal, including what's happening with biometric residence cards, the EES rollout at Portuguese airports, passport renewals through AIMA, and the complications facing dual UK nationals travelling back to Britain.Useful linksAIMA official site: aima.gov.ptUK government Portugal travel advice: gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/portugalGot a question for Tig? Drop it in the comments below.Subscribe for monthly post-Brexit updates for Brits in Portugal.Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-good-morning-portugal-podcast-with-carl-munson--2903992/support.Get help moving to and living in Portugal

What if diagnosing PTSD, anxiety, and depression could be as objective as a blood test — done in 10 minutes on your phone?That's the vision behind Sensei, a company using AI and ocular biometrics to bring measurable, objective diagnostics to mental health. In this episode, host Deborah Westphal sits down with David Zakariaie, founder and CEO of Sensei, to talk about the science of the eye, a $2M technology problem solved with a commercial camera, and why fixing mental health starts with fixing measurement.Key TakeawaysMental health's biggest crisis isn't just a shortage of care — it's a measurement problem. Major depression, the most commonly diagnosed mental health condition in the U.S., is misdiagnosed approximately 65% of the time. PTSD, bipolar, and schizophrenia are misdiagnosed between 84–92% of the time.Sensei's diagnostic app shows patients a series of ocular stimuli for roughly 10.5 minutes, captures their eyes' responses via a standard smartphone camera, and outputs a binary diagnosis plus a severity score.The platform measures approximately 45 individual metrics across three categories: traditional ocular metrics (pupil size, blinks, saccades, gaze), iris dilator and sphincter dynamics (mapping sympathetic vs. parasympathetic nervous system activity), and heart rate and heart rate variability from facial video.Sensei is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials for a PTSD diagnostic, with an FDA submission planned for late 2025 and approval expected in 2027.About 16,000 people participated in pre-trial studies; the full dataset at submission is expected to reach approximately 30,000.The go-to-market strategy focuses on telehealth platform integration — partnering with companies like Spring Health, Talkspace, and BetterHelp to embed the diagnostic tool directly into existing care delivery workflows.Future expansion targets schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and ADHD, with longer-term interest in neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and dementia.About David ZachariaDavid Zakariaie is the founder and CEO of Sensei, a mental health diagnostics company building the first FDA-regulatory-grade platform for diagnosing and monitoring PTSD, anxiety, and depression using AI-powered ocular biometrics. His path began at 15, when he attended Google I/O, received an early pair of Google Glass, and became fascinated with the scientific potential of the human eye. He left high school after 10th grade, taught himself to code, and launched the company in 2015.Resources & Links MentionedSensei: sensei.health (verify current URL)Mental Health Study (Phase 3 Trial Sign-Up): mentalhealthstudy.orgKaren Toffler Charitable Trust: tofflertrust.org (verify current URL)Parea Therapeutics (digital therapeutics reference)The CAPS-5 (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale)The PCL-5 (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5)If You Enjoyed This EpisodeSubscribe to Research Renaissance wherever you listen to podcasts. If this conversation sparked something for you, share it with someone in healthcare, mental health advocacy, or neuroscience — this is the kind of work that needs more eyeballs on it.To learn more about the breakthroughs discussed in this episode and to support ongoing research, visit our website at tofflertrust.org. Technical Podcast Support by Jon Keur at Wayfare Recording Co.

On this episode Sean Mallean, Head of Global Innovation at NCR Atleos, makes a strong case for how an older technology -- edge computing -- can team up with a mighty mini version of todays LLMs -- the small language model -- to produce better banking results for financial institutions. Add in biometrics to reduce friction and you're looking at a vision of banking that best serves customers and employees alike.

Oli Buckley, Professor in Cyber Security at Loughborough University

At RIMS RISKWORLD 2026 Philadelphia, Tim Nunziata of Nationwide talks about how rising litigation, biometric data collection, AI-powered cyber threats, and evolving privacy regulations are reshaping claims risk … Read More » The post AI, Biometrics & Data Privacy: The Emerging Claims Risks Insurers Can't Ignore appeared first on Insurance Journal TV.

Guest: Paula Martini | Author and Owner of Co-Travel Wasanga Mehane speaks to Paula Martini, owner of Co-Travel and travel writer, about data privacy concerns surrounding visa application processing, as well as travel insurance options that may provide cover for visa delays, denials and related travel disruptions. Early Breakfast with Africa Melane is 702’s and CapeTalk’s early morning talk show. Experienced broadcaster Africa Melane brings you the early morning news, sports, business, and interviews politicians and analysts to help make sense of the world. He also enjoys chatting to guests in the lifestyle sphere and the Arts. All the interviews are podcasted for you to catch-up and listen. Thank you for listening to this podcast from Early Breakfast with Africa Melane For more about the show click https://buff.ly/XHry7eQ and find all the catch-up podcasts here https://buff.ly/XJ10LBU Listen live on weekdays between 04:00 and 06:00 (SA Time) to the Early Breakfast with Africa Melane broadcast on 702 https://buff.ly/gk3y0Kj and CapeTalk https://buff.ly/NnFM3N Subscribe to the 702 and CapeTalk daily and weekly newsletters https://buff.ly/v5mfetc Follow us on social media: 702 on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TalkRadio702 702 on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@talkradio702 702 on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/talkradio702/ 702 on X: https://x.com/Radio702 702 on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@radio702 CapeTalk on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@capetalk CapeTalk on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ CapeTalk on X: https://x.com/CapeTalk CapeTalk on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@CapeTalk567 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of the Crazy Wisdom Podcast, host Stewart Alsop sits down with returning guest Ekue Kpodar for their third conversation together, covering a wide range of topics at the intersection of technology, geopolitics, and the evolving information age. They dig into Ekue's unconventional setup of running local AI models across roughly 15 computers, the growing case for open source models over closed ones from companies like OpenAI and Anthropic, and how Chinese open source models may be positioned to outcompete Western alternatives on a global scale. The conversation also touches on vibe coding and the democratization of software development, the strategic use of small models for IoT and enterprise applications, the role of Israel and China as dominant players in the information age, and how smaller nations and even individuals may wield outsized power as AI continues to collapse the cost of knowledge work. You can find Ekue Kpodar on X @ekpodar and LinkedIn.Timestamps00:00 Stewart welcomes Ekue for their third episode, diving into vibe coding and AI-driven development changes.05:00 Ekue explains using Claude on Chrome to auto-reply on Skool, burning tokens through screenshots, and Playwright as a more efficient alternative.10:00 Stewart describes his Claude-dependent planning and coding agent system breaking after a model update, prompting him to build his own chatbot.15:00 Small models discussed as critical for IoT, defense, and privacy-focused enterprises building internal APIs instead of routing traffic to OpenAI.20:00 Open source versus closed source debated, with Chinese models gaining global traction while US foundational labs remain expensive and restrictive.25:00 SaaS apocalypse explored as AI commoditizes knowledge work, with Linux and Terraform cited as proof open source still generates wealth.30:00 OpenAI's sci-fi terminator fears explained as the reason they stayed closed source, ultimately handing China a strategic open source advantage.35:00 China's economic dumping strategy applied to AI, potentially displacing US model dominance globally the same way manufacturing was disrupted.40:00 Israel's signals intelligence dominance discussed alongside asymmetric warfare, drones defeating tanks, and information control replacing military muscle.45:00 Global information age rankings debated, Israel leading, US and China tied, France and Poland emerging as sovereign tech players.50:00 Qatar, NVIDIA, and Iran cited as proof that rare resources and technology matter more than population size in the 21st century power landscape.Key Insights1. Running local AI models on a network of affordable computers can be more cost-effective than relying entirely on third-party APIs. By using compressed or smaller open source models locally, developers can handle repetitive or lower-stakes tasks without burning through expensive tokens from providers like Anthropic or OpenAI.2. Small AI models are becoming increasingly important for IoT, defense applications, and companies that do not want to send sensitive data to external providers. Organizations can download open source models, run them on internal servers, and build proprietary APIs around them, creating something like an intranet of specialized small models.3. The value created by AI tools is being redistributed away from traditional SaaS companies toward foundational model providers and individual builders. People are canceling subscriptions to software they once paid hundreds per month for, because AI now allows a single person to build comparable tools themselves.4. Open source technology does not eliminate the ability to profit. Linux and Terraform are both open source yet made their creators wealthy. People will still pay for installation, setup, troubleshooting, and customization even when the underlying software is free.5. China is applying its longstanding manufacturing dumping strategy to artificial intelligence by releasing cheap open source models globally, which threatens to erode US dominance in AI the same way Chinese manufacturing undercut other countries for decades.6. In the information age, the size of a country or institution matters far less than its access to rare resources or advanced technology. Qatar, Israel, and NVIDIA each demonstrate that small populations or headcounts can wield enormous global negotiating power through concentrated technological or resource advantages.7. Asymmetric warfare is redefining military power, with inexpensive drones defeating tanks that cost millions to build. This shifts the advantage toward nations that excel at signals intelligence and information management rather than those with the largest conventional military forces.

The conversation covers the introduction of Silos and SpyAlert, the concept of ephemeral endpoints, solving Windows 10 compatibility issues, biometric identity and network isolation, AI-enabled tools and vulnerability mitigation, expanding perimeter and endpoint security, impact on the endpoint security market, compliance and identity access management, frictionless security and user experience, continuous biometric authentication, integration with identity and access management, real-time security operations and analytics, endpoint security and biometric authentication, acquisition and technology integration, zero trust journey and implementation, statelessness and device management, and camera requirements and flexibility.TakeawaysEphemeral EndpointsZero Trust Operating SystemChapters00:00 Camera Requirements and Flexibility

County Executive Mark Poloncarz signs bill banning businesses from selling customer data full 1329 Tue, 26 May 2026 16:30:32 +0000 8pDiqDfRhRsRiwHB3mI1BCoxzoXlp6vQ news & politics,news WBEN Extras news & politics,news Erie County Executive Mark Poloncarz signs the Biometric Transparency and Privacy Act banning businesses from selling customer data Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News & Politics

The Co-Inventor of Tor on Why Your NHI Strategy Is Already BehindMost organizations have spent the last 20 years getting really good at human identity. 2FA. Biometrics. Face ID. Ephemeral tokens. They did the work. And the whole time, they were quietly pushing every ounce of that compressed risk onto the non-human side of the house.Service accounts with username and password. API keys that never rotate. Credentials hardcoded in pipelines. Long-lived tokens that were supposed to be temporary.Eventually is here.In this episode, David Lee sits down with David Goldschlag, CEO and co-founder of Aembit and one of the original inventors of onion routing — the technology that became Tor. With 20+ years building security companies, David G brings a perspective on non-human identity and AI agent security that very few people in this industry can match.They get into why NHI is not a new problem but a neglected one, what it actually means to build a zero trust framework for AI agents, the concept of blended identity and why your existing IAM stack is only part of the answer, why workforce agents and customer agents are fundamentally different and why treating them the same is a mistake, and why data is still the new oil and why that matters more now than ever.If your org is spinning up agents and hasn't had a real strategic conversation about what those agents can access, who they're acting on behalf of, and what happens when something goes wrong, this episode is exactly where you need to start.Topics CoveredThe origins of Tor and why onion routing still matters 30 years laterHow Aembit went from "Okta for workloads" to purpose-built AI agent identityThe three types of agents: autonomous, workforce, and customer-facingBlended identity and blended policy in practiceWhy ephemeral credentials are non-negotiable for agent accessZero trust for AI: the three pillars (identity, prompt security, data security)Non-repudiation in the age of agentic AIWhy vibe coders are making the NHI problem exponentially harderData security as the ultimate endpoint for every breach scenarioStay ConnectedSubscribe to the Identity Jedi newsletter at theidentityjedi.comFollow on LinkedIn, YouTube, and SpotifyRate, review, and share if this episode hit different

The lawsuit involves parks in California; Disney says that the entrances are marked in such a way to allow visitors to avoid having their data collected. https://www.lehtoslaw.com

What's on your mind? Let CX Passport know...What your customers feel in the moment and what they tell you later are two different things. Dr. Laura Beavin-Yates has spent years measuring the gap ... and the science behind it will change how you think about experience design.What you'll learn in this episode:-Oxytocin isn't the love hormone - it's the meaning hormone, and it fires in negative experiences too.-Post-experience surveys don't measure the experience. They measure memory, filtered through whatever mood the customer is in three days later.-Brain synchronicity means a fully immersed contact center agent pulls the customer in with them.-Six moments of full oxytocin release per day predicts whether a person reports thriving - not just coping.-Biometric data can be anonymized and still tell you everything you need to know about what your customer actually felt.CHAPTERS00:00 Oxytocin and what meaningful connection actually means03:08 Negative experiences and how the brain stores them06:17 Measuring oxytocin without a needle - 20 years of research08:56 Why post-experience surveys miss the real story13:32 Practical CX applications - resorts, stadiums, contact centers16:24 Employee experience and brain synchronicity18:08 First Class Lounge23:27 Neuroscience, neuro marketing, and CX - the connective tissue27:15 Privacy, anonymization, and the ethics of biometric data31:09 The Six app and six moments for thriving33:43 Where to find Laura and ImmersionGuest LinksLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/laura-beavin-yates/Immersion: https://www.getimmersion.com/Related EpisodeThe One With The Magic...Really!...The Orlando Magic! - Katie Miller E23: https://www.cxpassport.com/1736603/episodes/8911630Listen: https://www.cxpassport.comWatch: https://www.youtube.com/@cxpassportNewsletter: https://cxpassport.kit.com/signupI'm Rick Denton and I believe the best meals are served outside and require a passport.Disclaimer: This podcast is for informational and entertainment purposes only. The views and opinions expressed are those of the hosts and guests and should not be taken as legal, financial, or professional advice. Always consult with a qualified attorney, financial advisor, or other professional regarding your specific situation. The opinions expressed by guests are solely theirs and do not necessarily represent the views or positions of the host(s).

The terrifying rise of artificial intelligence, robotics, and the quiet shift toward a world where humans may no longer be in control. The signs have been here for decades… most just aren't looking close enough. Did we create the future — or did we build our replacement?Raised By Giants LInkTree: https://linktr.ee/raisedbygiantspod

Cameras and sensors are just about everywhere, recording your face, how you walk, where you go, your heart rate. And AI is making it easy to amass and analyze that data about all of us.  Privacy attorney Anne Toomey McKenna joins Host Flora Lichtman to talk about the ubiquity of biometric surveillance and how data brokers are gathering and selling our information, including to law enforcement.  Guest:  Anne Toomey McKenna is an attorney specializing in privacy and biometric surveillance. She's on the Advisory Board for AI Policy at the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers - USA.  Other episodes you may enjoy: Why Worry About My Data If I Have Nothing To Hide? New Products Collect Data From Your Brain. Where Does It Go? Transcripts for each episode are available within 1-3 days at sciencefriday.com. Want SciFri gear? Check out our new shop! Subscribe to this podcast. Follow our show on Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and Bluesky @scifri and sign up for our newsletters. Got a science question that's keeping you up at night? Call us: 877-4-SCIFRI

AI-powered facial recognition technology is expanding rapidly in the UK, particularly in law enforcement and retail. The Metropolitan Police in London has increased its use, scanning over 1.7 million faces. Biometrics watchdogs have raised concerns about the lack of regulation, with calls for new laws to manage police use of the technology. Retailers like Sainsbury's and Sports Direct are using facial recognition to combat shoplifting, leading to incidents of wrongful identification. Public opinion is divided, with concerns about privacy and wrongful accusations. The UK government is considering a new legal framework to address these issues.Learn more on this news by visiting us at: https://greyjournal.net/news/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

EC Legislator Lawrence Dupre on biometrics full 354 Fri, 01 May 2026 08:15:00 +0000 2Jx73W8pFofJ1qzSzMNjo8Cnd3fCRHAv news WBEN Extras news EC Legislator Lawrence Dupre on biometrics Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News False https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?feed-link=h

EC Legislature Lawrence Dupre on biometrics full 367 Thu, 30 Apr 2026 19:12:11 +0000 OJtegDOjQjiZ4kKtaba2YMh5d8yeE20j news WBEN Extras news EC Legislature Lawrence Dupre on biometrics Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News False https://player.amperwavepodcasting.com?feed-link=

Legislator Lindsay Lorigo on a bill to ban businesses from using biometrics in Erie County full 234 Thu, 30 Apr 2026 07:34:36 +0000 laqd9huWldPWz2esUUGYIFU9Bq5qgvZW news & politics,news WBEN Extras news & politics,news Legislator Lindsay Lorigo on a bill to ban businesses from using biometrics in Erie County Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News & Politics News False ht

Legislator Lawrence Dupre introduces a bill to ban all biometric use by businesses in Erie County full 216 Thu, 30 Apr 2026 07:35:00 +0000 gyc0GH6mumyf4LErADh3mIQFvXdAbSd8 news & politics,news WBEN Extras news & politics,news Legislator Lawrence Dupre introduces a bill to ban all biometric use by businesses in Erie County Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News & Politics News False

WBEN's Tom Puckett on a proposal in EC Legislature to ban the use of biometrics by businesses full 62 Thu, 30 Apr 2026 08:24:00 +0000 Gw00eneOqnFA66xWJ4GzkkO98OVYYdC1 news & politics,news WBEN Extras news & politics,news WBEN's Tom Puckett on a proposal in EC Legislature to ban the use of biometrics by businesses Archive of various reports and news events 2024 © 2021 Audacy, Inc. News & Politics News False

Taylor Swift moved to trademark her voice and image as AI threats grow. That's not vanity — it's the opening shot of the identity-as-IP era. The legal framework for being a person is about to get expensive.Three new industries are forming: biometric IP filing, deepfake takedown services, 'verified human' subscriptions. Combined market in 5 years: $50B+. The catch — it's all built for people who can already afford lawyers. Everyone else is training data.Timestamps:0:00 Taylor Swift trademarks voice + image (Gerben IP)0:15 MiniDoge — first volley in identity-as-IP, every face a registered asset0:35 Nyx — your face is code that compiles into anyone1:00 HH — "Taylor lawyers up. The rest of you are training data."1:15 MiniDoge — identity insurance market, $50B+ in 5 years1:40 Saarvis — Taylor can defend herself. Your grandmother can't.2:00 Closing — Identity used to be inheritance. Now it's inventory.Featuring: MiniDoge, Nyx, HH, Saarvis — the Dogelord Council

Disney Takes PicturesMore AI Talk Coming UpStoney Clover Deals

What does it mean to build an identity system that is ethical? Jim McDonald and Jeff Steadman are joined by Elizabeth Garber, Executive Director of IDPro and marketing lead for the OpenID Foundation, for a conversation spanning ethics in digital identity, the tension between privacy and safety, biometric exclusion risks, and how practitioners can use structured frameworks to navigate these discussions productively. Elizabeth shares her three-part career journey, the latest from the IDPro community, and previews her upcoming keynotes at EIC Berlin and Identiverse Las Vegas.Connect with Elizabeth: https://www.linkedin.com/in/elizabethgarberIDPro Discount - New members get $25 off their first year of membership: https://idpro.org/idac/Ethics and Digital Identity by Henk Marsman: https://bok.idpro.org/article/id/104/Ethics for Digital Identity and Identity-Driven Algorithms by Mike Kiser: https://bok.idpro.org/article/id/105/Human Centric Digital Identity white paper: https://openid.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Human-Centric_Digital_Identity_Final-v1.1.pdfConnect with us on LinkedIn:Jim McDonald: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jimmcdonaldpmp/Jeff Steadman: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeffsteadman/Visit the show on the web at http://idacpodcast.comTimestamps:00:00 Intro and Jim's allergy research03:42 Conference announcements: EIC and Identiverse06:00 Welcome Elizabeth Garber07:04 Elizabeth's three-part origin story11:55 IDPro mission and the identity community18:13 Membership, CIDPRO certification, and the Body of Knowledge21:17 IDPro Slack community23:40 IdentiBeer and local meetups26:26 IDPro listener discount at idpro.org/idac29:00 Operationalizing ideas in IAM32:19 Ethics in the IDPro Body of Knowledge33:30 Defining ethics in technology34:19 The trolley problem and moral consistency37:10 Big tech, privacy, and law enforcement39:28 Where practitioners start with ethics43:30 Biometric exclusion and the Uganda story49:00 Privacy vs. safety: a false choice?53:48 The case for consistent ethical frameworks57:53 Elizabeth's EIC and Identiverse talks59:49 Improv comedy and expensive hobbies1:07:25 Wrap-upKeywords: ethical IAM, digital identity ethics, IDPro, identity and access management, privacy, safety, biometrics, exclusion, Elizabeth Garber, GAIN Digital Trust, OpenID Foundation, Body of Knowledge, Ethical Canvas, zero knowledge proofs, passkeys, IDAC, Identity at the Center, Jeff Steadman, Jim McDonald, EIC Berlin, Identiverse

Apr 21, 2026 – Deepfakes have hacked our reality. New AI models have hacked our systems. And now, corporations are paying 'dark web taxes' just to buy back your stolen identity. 2026 has pushed global security to the brink, sparking an explosion...

AI is getting so good at faking reality that the internet is starting to demand proof you are a human, and that is where this week gets unsettling. We talk about Anthropic's “Mythos” cybersecurity AI and why federal agencies reportedly went from pushing it away to urgently trying to get access again. When a model can map vulnerabilities, hunt zero-day weaknesses, and chain exploits across real networks, the conversation shifts from “cool AI” to “who controls the keys to the digital world.”Then we hit the courtroom: a judge rules that private chats with an AI assistant are not protected like attorney-client privilege, and that should change how all of us use chatbots for legal advice, work problems, and personal issues. If you assume your AI prompts are confidential, you are taking a risk you might not even realize you are taking.From there we get practical. We break down scam emails and social engineering tactics you can recognize fast, including fake invoices that push you into calling “support” and installing remote access tools, plus Microsoft 365 “password expires today” phishing pages designed to harvest credentials. We also talk Roblox child safety, the push toward iris scans via World ID for Zoom and Tinder style impersonation, a Starlink outage that stalls Navy autonomous vessels, and even a humanoid robot chasing wild boars in Poland.If you want smarter scam defenses and clearer context for the biggest AI security stories, subscribe to Tech Time Radio, share this with a friend who clicks too fast, and leave us a review so more people can find the show.Support the show

This interview explores the critical importance of managing digital assets in estate planning, highlighting the challenges of digital inheritance, account access, and cybersecurity risks. TATYANA THURSTON and NATALIA PARKER share insights on creating effective digital estate plans, tools, and best practices. https://youtu.be/2N56L51cD6Q https://open.spotify.com/episode/01ScInrdux6UOQ0G1kPzNF?si=uiCizZbOTEisa9PJ_D_S5g KEYWORDS: Digital assets, estate planning, digital inheritance, cybersecurity, online accounts, digital executor, wills, estate law, digital legacy, digital estate management KEY TOPICS Digital assets definition and scope Challenges in digital inheritance and estate planning Tools and strategies for digital asset management Legal and cybersecurity risks in digital estate planning Guest Name Tatiana Thurston and Natalia Parker Sound Bites “Biometric security doesn’t work after death.” “Planning ahead saves hundreds of hours and pain.” “Domain name issues can take months to resolve.” Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Digital Assets 01:28 Understanding Digital Assets and Their Importance 04:14 Challenges in Estate Planning for Digital Assets 09:17 Navigating Access and Security Risks 13:22 Creating an Inventory of Digital Assets 18:21 Preparing Executors for Digital Asset Management 24:40 Resources and Tools for Digital Asset Planning GUEST RESOURCES DEXITPLAN TRANSCRIPT Frazer Rice (00:01.146)Tatiana and Natalia, welcome aboard. Natalia Parker (00:04.206)Thank you. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (00:04.211)Hi, thank you for having me. Frazer Rice (00:05.966)We are, this is a new frontier for wealth actually. You are the first two person interview I’ve done so far. So it looks like the technical issues seem to have gone away. That’s great. But we’re gonna talk about something that I think is the driver for your new company and something that’s important to me because when I’m advising people around a lot of different topics, either estate planning wise or wealth management wise, the digital asset question comes up and. You’ve formed this new company. Tell us a little bit about that and more importantly tell us the problem that you’re trying to solve around digital assets Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (00:40.83)Okay, so I’ll first start with what is a digital asset because there’s a lot of different definitions out there and a lot of people have different concepts of what it might mean. of all, because crypto is in the news quite a bit, it is not just about crypto. Everybody has digital assets because basically if you are logging into an account and it is storing data, you have an account that has assets online and it could be monetized. It could be social media, which means that the information that’s there is very personal to you. It could be that you have reward points you’ve accumulated. There’s all sorts of types of assets that are out there and there is a pain point problem. Let’s die down. Natalia Parker (01:28.462)Yes, and we started actually, it was interesting, Tatiana just went through the process of writing a will and she will tell about it. I went through a divorce where we had online business and it was really, really hard to trace all those online accounts because I had no understanding how many we had and what to do with them and how even to find them. And Tatiana wrote a will. Frazer Rice (01:54.67)Yeah, no. so just to put a finer point on that, it’s not only the monetary assets and the social media accounts and everything that basically requires a password to get into it probably in this day and age. Natalia Parker (02:10.252)Yes, and I can tell you more than I lost pictures of my family from my daughter’s birth to age seven because I didn’t think that the iCloud password and iCloud identity gone through a divorce. Yes. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (02:10.336)That’s all. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (02:26.88)So she can resell for it. Yeah. Frazer Rice (02:26.992)Yeah, and a very painful thing to go through. so, Tatiana, as we sort of look at that example and make the definition a little bit even more in depth, how else do you sort of think about that in terms of the roles that are played from a Will’s perspective? Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (02:49.366)So from a will perspective, you have two kinds of entities. You have things where business owners have created online accounts where their business is running off of certain platforms. And you also have a personal side aspect. And it may be an influencer, it may just be your personal account. The thing is that we’re dealing with a problem of immortality. And this means that these accounts remain open, active and online, ready for hackers and ready for now, today, AI to continue the trajectory of that account because they’re making money off of the data that we’ve put online. So we actually have two things to look at. One is from the business perspective and how do you transfer a business over? Because maybe you’ve built a platform for 10 years on Facebook, right? You have a following which is important to your base. Maybe you’re just a mom and you’ve put all your baby pictures on there, like Natalia, and then what is the loss? What is the impact of that loss? And both are really difficult on families. So estate planning means that we actually need to be looking at these accounts, we actually need to be planning for these accounts, because down the line, it’s gonna be a heavy impact, whether it’s sociological, emotional, or monetary. Frazer Rice (04:14.552)So as we think about this little bit further, the concept that these accounts are going to live on beyond the life of someone who created them. Maybe dive into that a little bit, because I imagine you not only have points of risk, certainly during the lifetime, and someone hacking in and pillaging your bank account or otherwise maybe blocking access or something like that, but what happens when someone passes away? How do those risks translate to the people who are inheriting these properties? Natalia Parker (04:45.258)Okay, let’s talk about it. We have those certain pain points. The first one, when somebody dies, the executor or administrator, they don’t know what is existence. They don’t know what kind of accounts the person had, what they wanted to do with those accounts. That’s a first problem because they don’t know even what banking, where the life insurance, did they have Venmo because they don’t have access to phone. The second one, didn’t know what the person wanted to do with that account. Did they want to close, transfer, memorize it? They have no clue. The other one is authority as an executor doesn’t mean that you will get automatic access to the account. Many people think that yes, it is. No, for Google it doesn’t matter. Unless you were appointed as inactive account manager. The same for Apple. Frazer Rice (05:48.68)I was going to say those annoying terms of services agreements that no one reads and you click so that you get, you move on with life and get into your accounts, that’s where some of these details are buried. And the intersection between that and maybe what we call estate law and how an executor works, that’s where the friction takes place. Natalia Parker (06:09.43)Yes, I agree and many people don’t even know that that feature exists like legacy contact for Meta and Apple or inactive account manager. Otherwise, when you look at the hierarchy online tool, we call it Castonian tool, outweighs everything what you have in wheel. If the online tool wasn’t enabled, then it goes what kind of language you had in wheel. if you appointed some digital executor and if that executor was authorized to have access to all your accounts. The third one, it always default to terms of service. Terms of service for basically 99 % of each company says do not give access. Frazer Rice (06:56.09)So if you were stuck and you didn’t do anything and you relied on the terms of service, you could be in a really deep set of troubles. They might delete your account, they may not allow access, or they may make it otherwise very difficult in order to access and do it. You think that the person who died with it wanted to have done. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (07:16.246)That’s right. Natalia Parker (07:16.598)Absolutely. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (07:17.504)That’s why some of these really large companies have a custodial tool. You do have to go to certain settings within the device or within the account. And you can enable these tools so that you can either add what could be a legacy contact. It may not have the term beneficiary on it, but it’s important to be able to enact that so that these settings will allow certain access down the line. A lot of the companies are very particular about that the larger ones have it and then a lot of them don’t so Knowing which company has the most value to you and those terms of service is really important Frazer Rice (08:01.84).For someone who has an account that lives beyond them, there are identity and financial risks to having that. I can imagine, you know, when you put a credit card on file and, it’s auto-debated or you have information lurking out there that that’s a problem. Maybe talk a little bit about how bad that can get. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (08:21.517).So I think there’s a few issues on that. We all know that there are scammers and hackers. The really important stories that have come out in the past is where AI is enabling recopying your name, image, and likeness posing as you live on a video stream or live on a phone call asking for money or data or information. And this is becoming really prevalent. This is where families, if they want to save and secure their reputational legacy. But also perhaps crypto, perhaps their banking accounts, it’s really important that they understand that they are all subject to this hacking because probably the likelihood that they have a social media account is there and that means it has public access. Frazer Rice (09:17.636).So let’s dive into the tech problem. I can envision, and I’ve heard before, the concept of someone passes away and people can’t access the computer, the hard drive, the phone, all sorts of mechanisms that hold a lot of this data. I think you could probably extrapolate that to the cloud accounts and things like that where other information is held. How do you help people think about that? Natalia Parker (09:28.162).Mm-hmm. Natalia Parker (09:44.398).Two-factor authentication. It is your phone, your email, it is gateway to your estate, basically, administration. If you don’t have access to the deceased phone or email, you don’t know anything about their accounts, first of all, second of all, where all those codes are coming to, to that devices. Frazer Rice (10:08.72).Right. And how do you fix that problem? Natalia Parker (10:12.91).There are some settings on iPhone because we kind of everybody has iPhone some have androids but mostly it’s iPhones. Yes, you have to establish the legacy contact. You have to make sure that specific features are turned off or on like stolen device protection. If it is on, it’s basically impossible to override it. Frazer Rice (10:20.793).Right. Beware the green text. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (10:24.212).Bye. Natalia Parker (10:40.302).because if 48 hours, is it 48 or 72, Tatiana? Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (10:44.981).Well, so what she’s referring to is that the latest update in Apple has this feature for stolen theft mode, it’s called. So this happened to us on an actual case. Someone had given us a phone and they said, can you help us? The problem was the person had passed away over 100 miles away. because Apple tracks our location everywhere we go, it’s a habitual, you know, we’re creatures of habit, right? Same coffee shop, we go to the same store. So they know what our patterns of behavior are. As soon as it leaves that circle of trust, call it, that map of trust, theft mode can become enabled if the setting is on, which means that Apple has cut off any access to the phone. So for people who are dealing with families, let’s say, who live across state borders, this is a really difficult task for them. Because their phone is completely inaccessible because of theft mode not even because of the legacy contact. Natalia Parker (11:51.278)8. Frazer Rice (11:51.345)And then, you know, I’ve seen in movies and I’ve actually heard anecdotally, you know, the concept that the biometrics at play, they in a sense turn off too. It used to be you could take the phone and put it up to somebody’s face or you could take their finger and maybe get into the laptop by putting it onto the biometric reader. That world doesn’t exist anymore, correct? Natalia Parker (11:58.594)Mm-hmm. Natalia Parker (12:12.162).Correct. When you’re dead, the Face ID doesn’t work really well. Frazer Rice (12:17.59)Well, and that tells you something that they can tell whether you’re dead or not. And I would not have made that comment maybe six weeks ago before we started talking about this, saying, geez, these things are getting smarter. So as we start thinking about this, we’ve sort of analyzed a couple of pain points, areas where if you’re an executor and someone’s situation comes across their desk and they say, gosh, first of all, I have to try to know. Natalia Parker (12:19.758)Yes. Frazer Rice (12:43.81)What accounts are out there, what social media accounts, what subscriptions, what bank accounts, what crypto, what IP, that type of thing. So getting your arms around that’s important. Then the idea of hopefully someone has been organized enough to lay out where the accounts are and how to access them in one way, shape or form. And we can get into what a good practice is on that. But then if you’re the executor slash in conjunction with the estate planner slash the client, Natalia Parker (12:48.545)Yes. Frazer Rice (13:13.402)How do you plan for this so that you create a real organized state of affairs for the person who has to actually manage this stuff going forward? Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (13:22.797)So I think it’s important to understand priorities. So everyone’s different, everyone’s unique. There may be priorities that are social media based priorities where there’s a lot of crypto at stake or monetary funds, even perhaps reward points. That priority list is best done in an inventory. Where we specialize is in the directives for this. So we’ve actually researched all these terms of services for hundreds of companies. We maintain this database so that someone can say, okay, if it’s company A, company A has three options for a directive. You can select that directive. That means that the executor will then know exactly, this is what needs to be done with this account and this is what is of value either for the descendants, the beneficiaries, and so on. So first the inventory, but actually the directives is really important. Frazer Rice (14:21.904)By directives, mean something maybe an addendum to the will or something like that that says these the information or the value, whether it’s monetary or otherwise, is going to be transmitted to such and such a person and given full access to it. Is that really is that part of the advice is to say, you know, for the modern will drafter, let’s say that it’s a really good idea to have an inventory of what these digital assets are. To set out who gets what in the will so that there’s a, let’s call it a backstop, so that if you have problems with the terms of service or something like that, you have something that goes through probate where somebody opines on that and you can actually get access to it after the fact. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (14:50.061)Yep. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (15:08.565)Yeah, so there’s two points there. There’s the access part and then there’s the directive part. Natalia Parker (15:09.313)Yes. Frazer Rice (15:13.315)Okay. Natalia Parker (15:13.556)Yes, there’s, yes, sorry, there is a language in the will where it’s actually specified that this is a digital executor who has the right to access all those accounts and perform all those duties. Frazer Rice (15:32.068)Got it. so in your experience, so Facebook or Google or Coinbase or things like that, for me anyway, in the last maybe three or four years ago, to get somebody on the phone to even have any understanding of what you’re talking about was gonna be just forget it, not happening. Are they getting better at understanding these situations? Natalia Parker (15:56.074)No, they’re not. They’re not. They don’t care. Facebook, it’s all AI. You don’t get a person on the phone in any case, Coinbase. You can, but it’s weeks of waiting for the response and they will ask you, we lost it. Can you resend it again? All three companies you name, they do have policies.for transferring or for somebody who is dead. But it’s still very, very difficult to deal with them. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (16:32.069)To add to that too and I’ll give you a case example is that we had social media requests to take the accounts down. Meta of course owns both Instagram and Facebook right and the images and memories that were left on these accounts were actually harming the kids. The request was can we close these accounts out and of course you can but Facebook interestingly enough agreed of course to close the account and even though it’s owned by Meta, Instagram said, no, these photos do not violate our terms of service. So it doesn’t mean you can close out both just because it’s Metta. It’s really, really specific and it’s really in their hands. Frazer Rice (17:19.003)Lovely. That will warm people’s hearts that have to deal with this. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (17:22.143)Natalia Parker (17:22.638)Yes, it’s hard. And can you imagine we deal with this day after day, but people who have never been in this position, they don’t even know where to start. Frazer Rice (17:34.747)So walk us through what you think a good scenario would be for someone who wants to, let’s say they have, I don’t know, a bunch of accounts, both monetary and social media and maybe miles and maybe other things, stuff like that. And they walk into a trust and estate lawyer’s office and they say, okay, I’ve got my house, I’ve got my liquid assets, that stuff trust and estate lawyers know how to deal with. but let’s say the lawyers aren’t as facile with the digital assets. A, help the person be a better client for that trust and states person so that it’s organized. And then, let’s start with that and then I have a follow-up question. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (18:21.055). Okay, I would say the first thing is that, you know, there are modern problems and we need modern solutions. And that starts with the discovery and conversation that we do have these immortal accounts online. As much as we may not want to think about it, and we can get into other stories about this, but I won’t do that now, there are reasons to enact on these accounts. That means deleting them, transferring, closing, out data, it might be biological data. There’s a lot of data and for me that means that data is money. It may not be money to us, but it’s money to companies. And what you want done with that is your choice still. So it’s important to make that decision. I think that any estate planning attorney who starts this conversation with their clients is already helping move the needle because everyone has online accounts, the average user has at least probably around 200 accounts by now. And that’s without a work account. Natalia Parker (19:28.492)Yes, we developed a tool basically where we have inventory and 15-20 minutes with assigned directives and it’s prompt. Just choose the companies you have accounts with. They don’t have to remember. just, okay, I identified those companies and we already give them a choice of pre-selected, pre-vetted directives, assigned a directive. Then take these report and go to your state attorney. Bring it, yes, bring it to them, include it into the wheel with specific language, appoint a digital executor, you’re set. Then you will just have to support it, kind of. Frazer Rice (20:11.609)No, so then the next question, so let’s say the paperwork from a will and a revocable trust, et cetera, is up to speed and covers the authority to access these. Then let’s say the executor is not the attorney and it’s a family member or a friend or something like that and you’re giving them the honor of helping to deal with all of this stuff. What do you deliver to them to help them be prepared for that time when you pass away? Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (20:39.479)We- Natalia Parker (20:39.5)We give step by step directions on how to deal with each company. We give what this company has, what kind of account is that, what kind of paperwork you need, what kind of documents in what time frame. For some companies it’s three years, for matter in their terms of service it’s 28 days, but hey, you have an account for years there. Anyway, we give step by step directions. How to deal with this account to fulfill the directive. But if they can’t or they don’t want to, they can always hire and come to us. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (21:11.597)Go. Frazer Rice (21:17.361)Sure. No, that’s the backstop too, is that you not only provide the tool, but also some support behind the tool and the experience of having dealt with some of those folks, maybe even the contacts to call it one or the other company to maybe get from A to Z a little bit faster. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (21:18.326)Well… Natalia Parker (21:20.717)Yeah. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (21:21.26)you Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (21:35.245)It can be very overwhelming, that is for sure, and I think tech is constantly changing and the terms of service is constantly changing. So we have lot of barriers to entry to enact professional executorship and do it as best we can and a lot of it is because of technical bottlenecks, if you like. Natalia Parker (21:45.165)Mm-hmm. Frazer Rice (22:00.101)So this is a bit of a catty question, which is how many times have you seen this properly set up? Because I can tell you right now, I feel like I’m pretty fashion forward as far as tech’s concerned. I see the issue. I know my estate plan. The poor person, in this case, my sister, who’s my executor, she’s gonna take one look at this and be like, thanks a lot, man. Natalia Parker (22:08.651)None. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (22:25.901)What? Frazer Rice (22:26.033)And so I’m guilty as charge number one, but is anybody doing this with any sort of specificity yet? Natalia Parker (22:26.478)you Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (22:34.785)Well, can I just… sorry. Natalia Parker (22:35.112)No. I’ll start, Tatiana. Here’s the problem. We came across some people and they say that, I have spreadsheets where all my accounts and passwords are written down and my wife will deal with that at some point. First of all, there is no directives for those accounts. And second of all, it’s still illegal to log in under somebody else’s logins. Frazer Rice (23:02.853)Right. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (23:04.567)And I was just gonna say the reason we started this company is exactly what you just described. My brother is my executor and I was like, man, there’s no way he’s gonna know how to start at all because I have my fingers in a lot of different businesses, my personal. And so, you know, that floor plan and sort of direction guide was sort of how we started this. It became intense. I mean with Natalia. It became a really intense research project. We have a database that is constantly being updated. As executors become executors or as will writers are writing wills, we really want everybody to understand the importance of technology in this process. Because it’s moving really fast. Now that AI has come about we can even throw in the whole name image and likeness problem which a whole other sort of barrier of questions to ask. Frazer Rice (24:11.501).No, I’m going to bring you all back on to tackle that one separately. I think it’s worth its own half hour sort of figuring that out. But in the meantime, tell us a little bit about how people can find you. One of the things that I think you have on your website and some of your materials is a digest. Really almost like a questionnaire or a brief that allows people to think through where they may have digital assets. It’s not just social media accounts and your bank accounts. They’re like fruit and flower miles, things like that. I hadn’t thought of that, but yes, that’s a big one. Where can people find you and what kind of resources do you have that people can get familiar with the topic as they embark on this fun assignment? Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (24:45.399)Thank you. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (24:59.809)So the first place is our website and it’s actually, even though our company name is Dexit, which stands for digital exit, it’s Dexitplan.com because where we are proud is the actual plan of action that we’ve been able to customize for any individual. And then yes, we do have a sort of discovery questionnaire so that they can understand exactly what impacts them the most, where they may want to look at these accounts and have a plan for them. And yeah, contact us anytime, email, phone. We’re here, we’re not chat bots. We want to be sure that you are talking to a human. We know how this AI slop is turning out and we don’t want to be any part of that. Frazer Rice (25:46.501)I was going to add on to that too. mean this is not just for the end clients, so for anybody who sort of understands that they have this issue, obviously check out your website and do all that. But I would argue that for the estate planners, the accountants, the wealth managers, etc. who are advising clients, it’s a good resource to kind of help you get your arms around it in terms of advising people who are looking for help on all these different things. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (25:55.041)Yeah. Natalia Parker (25:55.575)Yes. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (26:04.68)See you Natalia Parker (26:11.136)Yes, because you can have the most compliant language in the world. But the executor will still start with the zero on day one. They don’t know the inventory. They don’t have the directives. Finally, they don’t know how to deal with those accounts. Frazer Rice (26:32.491).So give us the website one more time. Then take us out here with a funny story. One you’ve dealt with in putting this company up to getting it up and running. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (26:42.381)Okay, so that sounds great. So Dexit Plan. It’s D-E-X-I-T-P-L-A-N dot com. Dexit Plan dot com. And I guess I’ll leave you with a text story. We worked with a church here locally. They had their domain name purchased in 1997 and posted as in your own personal name. The person passed away over 20 years ago. Nothing was ever done with the titling of the church’s domain name. But the church has been forever on this domain name. It’s been over 50 years so to remark it. Rebranding a dot org is not an easy task. Actually, no kidding it took us nine months to get the church back their domain name. That was finding people from 20 years ago reopening email accounts from a long time ago, getting signatures verified and processed. It is actually doable, but it is definitely a task. So planning ahead of time would save hundreds of hours and a lot of pain. Absolutely. Frazer Rice (27:52.241)No, good object lesson for companies too. That it’s a good idea to see who owns what. Your domain name, any other digital IP, we’ll call it that. If you don’t have that in place. You may have a real forensic accounting job in the tech world to get everything back. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (28:02.274)Yep. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (28:10.337)That’s right. Natalia Parker (28:10.72)Yeah. Frazer Rice (28:11.705)Natalia, Tatiana, thank you so much for being on and we’ll look forward to talking again soon. Tatyana Thurston I Dexit (28:16.811)Thank you so much. Natalia Parker (28:16.888)Thank you. TRUSTEE RESOURCES TRUSTEES AND DIGITAL ASSETS NORTH CAROLINA ESTATE RESOURCES Titles Mastering Digital Estate Planning: Protecting Your Online Legacy The Future of Wealth: Managing Digital Assets After Death https://www.amazon.com/Wealth-Actually-Intelligent-Decision-Making-1-ebook/dp/B07FPQJJQT/

In this episode of Fraudology, Karisse Hendrick welcomes back Ron Zayas, CEO of Ironwall, to discuss the terrifying ways Artificial Intelligence is industrializing fraud. While we often think of AI as a tool for automation, Zayas explains that its true danger lies in its ability to apply human-like logic to stolen data at an unprecedented scale.The conversation dives deep into the mechanics of modern account takeovers, explaining how AI can "guess" password variations by identifying personal patterns across multiple data breaches. We also explore the hidden risks of biometric security, from the vulnerabilities of centralized facial recognition databases to the high error rates of AI models when identifying people of color.Key topics covered in this episode include:Fraud at Scale: How AI moves beyond simple automation to recognize patterns in your passwords and digital behavior to breach accounts across the web.The Biometric Trap: Why storing your facial recognition or fingerprint data with a bank or organization is a permanent risk, and why local storage on your device is the only safe alternative.Biometric Bias and Mistakes: The reality of high error rates in facial recognition for people of color and the harrowing story of a woman arrested for a crime in a state she had never visited due to an AI mismatch.Breaking the Connection: Practical steps to remove your personal information from data brokers and why you should treat your mobile number with the same secrecy as your Social Security number.The Metadata Threat: How a simple photo of your house or the Grand Canyon can leak your exact IP address and physical location to bad actors through hidden metadata.

EXPAT FILES SHOW #1502, FRI, APR 10 (04-10-26):   #1- Biometric fears in Mexico- PART 2:   #2- What you need to know about owning a cell phone in Latin America:   #3- Poor Latinos who are not poor by their own standards: Living well on 3 bucks a day out in the boonies…   #4- There's an infertility epidemic in Latin America: Who would have thought this was possible…   #5- Amazon deliveries in Latin America: The company you love to hate…   #6- The worst commercial airlines in Latin America:   #7- Our own Expat Captain Mango has developed a unique one-on-one Crypto consulting and training service (he's been deep into crypto since 2013). To get started, email him at: bewarecaptainmango@gmail.com     

Join Josh Davis on 'Watchman on the Wall,' a daily outreach program of Southwest Radio Ministries and SWRC.com, as he discusses the latest headlines from a biblical perspective. Topics include the firing of a Christian college student over religious beliefs, the Pope's controversial support of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the EU's biometric border control advancements. Stay informed on how these issues relate to end times prophecy, and discover ways to support the ministry.

Annual Security Symposium. Visit: https://ceri.as/2026 Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming both the opportunities and risks within cybersecurity, creating a new landscape that today's students and researchers will soon inherit and shape. This keynote explores how AI is evolving from a supporting tool to a decision-making system, fundamentally changing how cyber threats are created, detected, and managed. It will examine emerging risks such as deepfakes, model manipulation, and systemic dependencies on shared technologies, while also addressing the growing role of regulation and the challenges of governing systems that are powerful yet often opaque. Most importantly, the session will highlight where the greatest opportunities lie—at the intersection of AI, cybersecurity, and policy—and how the next generation of professionals can play a defining role in building secure, resilient, and trustworthy systems for the future.  About the speaker: Brian J. Peretti is a career member of the Senior Executive Service at the United States Department of the Treasury. In his final position, he served as Treasury's Chief Technology Officer and Deputy Chief Artificial Intelligence (AI) Officer in the Office of Chief Information Officer.As Treasury's Chief Technology Officer, Mr. Peretti establishes, leads, and manages a comprehensive, multi-year strategic and long-range planning process that promotes the vision for IT and ensures consistent progress toward accomplishing the CIO's vision, while identifying and leveraging common technology solutions to support business processes and work methods and/or to improve effectiveness of current technologies while also developing appropriate policy for emerging technology such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Biometrics and Quantum Computing. As Treasury's Deputy Chief AI Officer, Mr. Peretti supported Treasury's Chief AI Officer in advancing the Department's deployment of this emerging technology. In this capacity, he oversaw the publication of Treasury's report, Managing Artificial Intelligence-Specific Cybersecurity Risks in the Financial Services Sector, and directed the subsequent lines of effort. Additionally, serving in this position has seen him designated as the Executive Officer for the Department's AI Governance Board as well as the Department's representative to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence's CAIO Council. In addition, Mr. Peretti leads the development of domestic and international operational resilience policy, including cyber, as part of Treasury's Sector Risk Management Agency responsibility for the financial services sector. In this role, he spearheads Treasury's efforts to increase multi-directional sharing of cyber threat and vulnerability information. He also serves as the United States's designated subject matter expert at the Group of 7 Cyber Expert Group (G-7 CEG). Mr. Peretti has served at the Treasury for over 22 years with increasing levels of responsibility, including being named the Senior Career Official Executing the Duties of the Assistant Secretary for Financial Institutions during the transition from the Obama to the Trump Administration. Based on his expertise in critical infrastructure protection and operational resilience, he was detailed to the Department of Homeland Security, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency's National Risk Management Center during the intial response to the COVID-19 pandemic and served as the first Senior Advisor for Security and the Economy. He also speadheaded DHS response to the SolarWinds cyber incident. A sought-after speaker and presenter, Mr. Peretti has been the recipient of numerous awards and honors throughout his career. Most recently, he received the 12th Annual Billington CyberSecurity Leadership Award at the 2023 Annual Billington CyberSecurity Summit. Prior to joining the Treasury, Mr. Peretti was an associate in Shook, Hardy & Bacon's Corporate Banking and Finance Section in Washington, D.C., and was the General Counsel for the Wright Patman Congressional Federal Credit Union. He has authored numerous publications related to financial sector operations, including payment systems. Mr. Peretti received his bachelor's degree from Rider University (cum laude) in 1989, and his law degree from American University's Washington College of Law (cum laude) in 1992.

Rogers for America with Lt. Steve Rogers – There is legislation in Illinois that was introduced in the State House one day before a college student was killed that would handcuff police investigators by prohibiting the use of biometric identification systems. Biometric identification verifies identity using unique physical or behavioral traits, such as fingerprints, facial features, iris scans...

Fresh off raising a monster $15B, Marc Andreessen has lived through multiple computing platform shifts firsthand, from Mosaic and Netscape to cofounding A16z. In this episode, Marc joins swyx and Alessio in a16z's legendary Sand Hill Road office to argue that AI is not just another hype cycle, but the payoff of an “80-year overnight success”: from neural nets and expert systems to transformers, reasoning models, coding, agents, and recursive self-improvement. He lays out why he thinks this moment is different, why AI is finally escaping the old boom-bust pattern, and why the real bottleneck may be less about models than about the messy institutions, incentives, and social systems that struggle to absorb technological change.This episode was a dream come true for us, and many thanks to Erik Torenberg for the assist in setting this up. Full episode on YouTube!We discuss:* Marc's long view on AI: from the 1980s AI boom and expert systems to AlexNet, transformers, and why he sees today's moment as the culmination of decades of compounding technical progress* Why “this time is different”: the jump from LLMs to reasoning, coding, agents, and recursive self-improvement, and why Marc thinks these breakthroughs make AI real in a way prior cycles were not* AI winters vs. “80-year overnight success”: why the field repeatedly swings between utopianism and doom, and why Marc thinks the underlying researchers were mostly right even when the timelines were wrong* Scaling laws, Moore's Law, and what to build: why he believes AI scaling laws will continue, why the outside world is messier than lab purists assume, and how startups can still create durable value on top of rapidly improving models* The dot-com crash and AI infrastructure risk: Marc's comparison between today's AI capex boom and the fiber/data-center overbuild of 2000, plus why he thinks this cycle is different because the buyers are huge cash-rich incumbents and demand is already here* Why old NVIDIA chips may be getting more valuable: the pace of software progress, chronic capacity shortages, and the idea that even current models are “sandbagged” by supply constraints* Open source, edge inference, and the chip bottleneck: why Marc thinks local models, Apple Silicon, privacy, trust, and economics all point toward a major role for edge AI* American vs. Chinese open source AI: DeepSeek as a “gift to the world,” why open models matter not just because they're free but because they teach the world how things work, and how open source strategies may shift as the market consolidates* Why Pi and OpenClaw matter so much: Marc's claim that the combination of LLM + shell + filesystem + markdown + cron loop is one of the biggest software architecture breakthroughs in decades* Agents as the new “Unix”: how agent state living in files allows portability across models and runtimes, and why self-modifying agents that can extend themselves may redefine what software even is* The future of coding and programming languages: why Marc thinks software becomes abundant, why bots may translate freely across languages, and why “programming language” itself may stop being a salient concept* Browsers, protocols, and human readability: lessons from Mosaic and the web, why text protocols and “view source” mattered, and how similar principles may shape AI-native systems* Real-world OpenClaw use: health dashboards, sleep monitoring, smart homes, rewriting firmware on robot dogs, and why the most aggressive users are discovering both the power and danger of agents first* Proof of human vs. proof of bot: why Marc thinks the internet's bot problem is now unsolvable via detection alone, and why biometric + cryptographic proof of human becomes necessaryTimestamps* 00:00 Marc on AI's “80-Year Overnight Success”* 00:01 A Quick Message From swyx* 01:44 Inside a16z With Marc Andreessen* 02:13 The Truth About a16z's AI Pivot* 03:29 Why This AI Boom Is Not Like 2016* 06:33 Marc on AI Winters, Hype Cycles, and What's Different Now* 10:09 Reasoning, Coding, Agents, and the New AI Breakthroughs* 12:13 What Founders Should Build as Models Keep Improving* 16:33 AI Capex, GPU Shortages, and the Dot-Com Crash Analogy* 24:54 Open Source AI, Edge Inference, and Why It Matters* 33:03 Why OpenClaw and PI Could Change Software Forever* 41:37 Agents, the End of Interfaces, and Software for Bots* 46:47 Do Programming Languages Even Have a Future?* 54:19 AI Agents Need Money: Payments, Crypto, and Stablecoins* 56:59 Proof of Human, Internet Bots, and the Drone Problem* 01:06:12 AI, Management, and the Return of Founder-Led Companies* 01:12:23 Why the Real Economy May Resist AI Longer Than Expected* 01:15:53 Closing ThoughtsTranscriptMarc: Something about AI that causes the people in the field, I would say, to become both excessively utopian and excessively apocalyptic. Having said that, I think what's actually happened is an enormous amount of technical progress that built up over time. And like for, for example, we now know that neural network is the correct architecture.And I, I will tell you like there was a 60 year run where that was like a, you know, or even 70 years where that was controversial. And so, so the way I think about what's happening is basically, I think, I think about basically the, the, the period we're in right now is it's, I call it 80 year overnight success, right?Which is like, it's an overnight success ‘cause it's like bam, you know, chat GPT hits and then, and then oh one hits, and then, you know, open claw hits and like, you know, these are open, these are, these are like overnight, like radical, overnight transformative successes, but they're drawing on an 80 year sort of wellspring backlog, you know, of, of, of, of ideas and thinking it's not just that it's all brand new, it's that it's an unlock of all of these decades of like very serious, hardcore research.If I were 18, like this is a hundred, this is what I would be spending all of my time on. This is like such an incredible conceptual breakthrough.swyx: Before we get into today's episode, I just have a small message for listeners. Thank you. We will not be able to bring you the ai, engineering, science, and entertainment contents that you so clearly want if you didn't choose to also click in and tune into our content.We've been approached by sponsors on an almost daily basis, but fortunately enough of you actually subscribed to us to keep all this sustainable without ads, and we wanna keep it that way. But I just have one favor to ask all of you. The single, most powerful, completely free thing you can do is to click that subscribe button.It's the only thing I'll ever ask of you, and it means absolutely everything to me and my team that works so hard to bring the in space to you each and every week. If you do it, I promise you will never stop working to make the show even better. Now, let's get into it.Alessio: Hey everyone, welcome to the Lidian Space Pockets. This is CIO, founder Kernel Labs, and I'm joined by s Swix, editor of Lidian Space.swyx: Hello. And we're in a 16 Z with a, uh, mark G and welcome.Marc: Yes, yes. A and what, half of 16? Something like that. A one. Exactly,swyx: exactly. Uh, apparently this is the, the final few days in your, your current office.You're moving across the road.Marc: Uh, we're, yeah. We have a, we have some, we have some projects underway, but yeah, this is actually, oh, this is the original. We're in actually the original office. We're in the, we're in the, we're, we're in the whole thing.swyx: It's beautiful. Yeah. Great.Marc: Thank you.swyx: So I have to come out, uh, this is a, you know, I wanted to pick a spicy start in October, 2022.I just made friends with Roone and, uh, I wanted to give him something to sort of be spicy about. And I said, uh. Uh, it'll never not be funny. The A 16 Z was constantly going. The future is where the smart people choose to spend their time and then going deep into crypto and not in ai. And that was in October 22nd, 2022.And Ruen says there was an internal meeting in a 16 Z to reorient around Gen ai. Obviously you have, but was there a meeting? What, what was that?Marc: I mean, I don't, look, I've been doing AI since the late eighties.swyx: Yeah.Marc: So I, I don't know, like all that, as far as I'm concerned, this stuff is all Johnny cum lately.Yeah. You, I mean, look, we've been doing ar entire existence. I mean, we've been doing AI machine learning deep, you know, deeply. We've been doing this stuff way from the beginning. Obviously a AI is just core to computer science. I, I, I actually view them as like quite, uh, quite continuous. Um, you know, Ben and I both have computer science degrees.Um, you know, we, we both, Ben, Ben and I actually both are world enough to remember the actual AI boom in the 1980s. Yeah. There was like a, there was a big AI boom at the time. Um, and there was a, was names like expert systems. Um, and they of like lisp and lisp machines. Uh, I, I coded in lisp. I was coding a lisp in 1989.When that was the, the language of the AI future. Um, yeah. So this is something that we're like completely, you completely comfortable with. I've been doing the whole time and are very enthusiastic aboutswyx: is there a strong, like this time is different because, uh, my closest analog was 20 16 17. It was an AI boom.Mm-hmm. And it petered out very, very quickly. Um, we, it just, it just in terms of investingMarc: sort of, sort of,swyx: yeah. Investment, investment excitement.Marc: Although that's really when the, the, the Nvidia phenomenon really, it was, I would say it was in that period when it was very clear that at, at the time it, the vocabulary was more machine learning, but it, it was very clear at that time that machine learning was hitting some sort of takeoff point.Alessio: Yeah.Marc: Well, and as you guys, you guys have talked about this at length on, on your thing, but, you know, if you really track what happened, I think the real story is, it was, it was the Alex net, uh, basically breakthrough in like 2013. That was the, that was the real knee in the curve. Um, and then it was obviously the transformer breakthrough in 17.Alessio: Yeah.Marc: Um, and then everything that followed. But, but, you know, look, machine learning, you know, there were, you know, look, uh, I mean look, I've been working, you know, I've been working with, uh, one of my, you know, kind of projects working with Facebook since 2004. Um, and on the board since 2007, and of course, you know, they, they started using machine learning very early, um, and, you know, have used it basically, you know, for like 20 years for, you know, content, you know, feed optimization and advertising optimization.And obviously many, you know, financial services. You know, many, many, many companies, many different sectors have been doing this. And so it's like one of these things, it's like, it's not a, it's not a single thing. Like it's, it's like, it's like layers, right? Yeah. Um, and, and the layers arrive at different paces and, but they kind of build up.swyx: Yeah.Marc: Uh, they kind of build up over time and then, and then, yeah. And then look, in retrospect, it was 2017 was kind of the, you know, the key, the key point with the trans transformer and then. And then as you guys know, there was this really weird like four year period where it's like the, the transformer existed and then it was just like,swyx: let's go.Yeah.Marc: Well, but, but it was just, but, but between 2020, but between 2017 and 2021, I mean, that was the era of which like companies like Google had internal chat Botts, but they weren't letting anybody use them.swyx: Yeah.Marc: Right. And then, you know, and then OpenAI developed Chat GT or GPT two, and then they told everybody, this is way too dangerous to deploy.Right. Yeah. You know, we can't possibly let normal people, normal people use this thing. And then you, you guys, I'm sure remember AI Dungeon, um mm-hmm. So the o for, there was like a year where like the only way for a normal person to use GP T three was in, in AI dungeon.Alessio: Yeah.Marc: And so you, you, we would do this, you'd go in there and you'd pretend to play Dungeons and Dragons.In reality, you're just trying to talk to talk to GPT. And so there was this, you know, there was this long, you know, and I, you know, the big, big companies, you know, big companies are cautious and, you know, the big companies were cautious. It, it, by the way, it took open ai. You know, they, they, they talk about this, it took open AI time to actually adjust, you know, kind of re redirect their researchswyx: path.I, I think, uh, let say Rosewood, right? Uh, the, the dinner that founded OpenAI was right there.Marc: Right, right. But that, that dinner would've taken place in 20swyx: 18Marc: 19. The formation of OpenAI Uhhuh as late as 2018.swyx: Uh, uh, sorry. Uh, no, I'm, I'm, I'm, I'm wrong. Probably It should be 20. Yeah. They just celebrated a 10 year anniversary, so it it is 2025.Yeah, so, so 2015?Marc: Yeah. 2015. Yeah. 2015. But then, uh, um, Alec Radford did G PT one in what, probablyswyx: mm-hmm. 17, 18,Marc: yeah. 17, 18. So it, yeah. For, and then, and then they didn't really, and then GPT three was what? 2020? 2020.swyx: 2020.Marc: Because that became copilot immediately. Even open ai, which has been, you know, the leader of, of this thing in the last decade, you know, e even they had to adapt and, and, and lean into the new thing.And so. Um, yeah, I, I think it's just this process of basically sort of wave after wave layer after layer, you know, building on itself. And then you kind of get these catalytic moments where, where the whole thing pops and, and obviously that's what's happening now.swyx: Is it useful to think about will there be any ai, winter?‘cause there's always these patterns. Like, is this, in the summer is something I constantly think about because do I get, do I just like. Just get endlessly hyped and just trust that I will only be early and never wrong or right. Well, are we, will there be a winter?Marc: So there's something about, say the following.There's something about AI that has led to this repeated pattern. Um, and, and, and you guys know this,swyx: it's summer, winter, summer,Marc: winter, summer, winter, summer, winter. And it goes back 80 years. Yeah. 80 years. Uh, so the original neural network paper was 1943. Right. Which is, which is amazing. Uh, that it was, it was far back that long.And then there was you, if you guys have ever talked about this on your show, but there was this, uh, there was a big, uh, there was an a GI conference at Dartmouth University in 1950. 55. 55, yeah. And they got a NSF grant to, uh, for the, all the AI experts at the time to spend the summer together. And they figured if they had 10 weeks together, they could get a GI, uh, at the other end.And they got their, by the way, they got the grant, they got the 10 weeks and then, you know, 1955, you know. No, no. A GI. And like I said, I, I lived through the eighties version of this where there was a big, a big boom and a crash. And so, so there is this thing, and there, there is something about AI that causes the people in the field, I would say, to become both excessively utopian and excessively apocalyptic.Um, and, and it's probably on both sides of like the, the, the boom bus cycle. You, you kind of see that play out. Having said that, I think what's actually happened is like just, and you know, and we now know in retrospect like an enormous amount of technical progress that built up over time. And like for, for example, we now know that neural network is the correct architecture.And I, I will tell you like there was a 60 year run where that was like a, you know, or even 70 years or that was controversial. And, and we now know that that's the case. And so we, we now, you know, everything we're building on today just sort of derives from the original idea in 1943. And so, so in retrospect, we, we now know that like, these, these guys are right.They, they, you know, they would get the timing wrong and they thought, you know, capabilities would arrive faster, or they were, it could be turned into businesses sooner or whatever, but like, they were fundamentally, the, the scientists who worked on this over the course of decades were fundamentally correct about what they were doing.And, and the, and the payoff from, from, from all their work is happening now. And so, so the way I think about what's happening is basically, I think, I think about basically the, the, the period we're in right now is it's, I call it 80 year overnight success, right? Which is like, it's an overnight success.‘cause it's like bam, you know, chat, GPT hits and then, and then oh one hits, and then, you know, open claw hits and like, you know, these are open, these are, these are like overnight, like radical, overnight transformative successes, but they're drawing on an 80 year sort of wellspring backlog, you know, of, of, of, of ideas and thinking it's not just that it's all brand new, it's that it's an unlock of all of these decades of like very serious, hardcore research.Um, and thinking, and look, there were AI researchers who spent their entire lives. They got their PhD. They, they worked for, they've researched for 40 years. They retired in a lot of cases, they passed away and they never actually saw it work.swyx: Yeah. It's all sad.Marc: It is. It is sad. It's sad. Knewswyx: Jeff Hinton was like the last guy.Marc: Yeah. Yeah. Well, there were the guys, uh, was a guy, Alan Newell. I mean, there's tons of John McCarthy. You know, John McCarthy was like one of the inventors in the field. He's one of the guys who organized the Dartmouth Conference and you know, he taught at Stanford for 40 years. Wow. And passed, you know, passed away, I don't know, whatever, 10, 10 years ago or something.Never, never actually go. Got to see it happen. But like, it is amazing in retrospect, like, these guys were incredibly smart and they worked really hard and they were correct. So anyway, so then it's like, okay, you know, say history doesn't repeat, but it rhymes. It's like, okay, does that mean that there's gonna be another, like, you know, basically boom buzz cycle.And I, I will tell you, like, let, like in a sense, like yes, everything goes through cycles and, you know, people get overly enthusiastic and overly depressed and there's, there's a time, there's a timelessness to that. Having said that, there's just no question. Um, so the form, the foremost dangerous words in investing this time are, this time is different.Do you know the 12 most dangerous words investing? No. The four most d foremost dangerous words in investing are this time is different. Yeah. Um, the 12 most dangerous words. And so like, I'll tell you what's different. Like now it's working like, like there's just no, I mean, look, there's just no question.And by the way, I, I'll just give you guys my take. Like L LLMs, like from, from basically the Chad G PT moment through to spring of 25. I think you could still, I think well intention, well, and of. Form skeptics could still say, oh, this is just pattern completion. And oh, these things don't really understand what they're doing.And you know, the hall hallucination rates are way too high. And, you know, this is gonna be great for creative writing and creating, you know, Shakespeare and so sonnets and, you know, as, as rap lyrics or whatever, like, it's gonna be great and all that stuff, but we're not gonna be able to harness this to make this relevant in, you know, coding or in medicine or in law or in, you know, you know, kind of feels that, you know, kind of really, really matter.And I think basically it was the reasoning breakthrough. It, it was oh one and then R one that basically answered that question basically said, oh no, we're gonna be able to actually turn this into something that's gonna work in the real world. And, and then obviously the coding breakthrough over the, over basically the coding breakthrough that kind of catalyzed over the holiday break was kind of the third step in that.Mm-hmm. Where you're just like, alright, if, if, you know, if Linus Tova is saying that the AI coding is no better than he is like. Like, that's, that's never happened before. That's theswyx: benchmark.Marc: Yeah. That's never happened before. And so now we know that it's, it's gonna sweep through coding and, and then, and then we, we know, you know, we know that if it's gonna work in coding, it's gonna work in everything else.Right. It's just then, because that's, that's like, that's like, that's like the hardest in many ways. That's the hardest example. And how everything else is gonna be a, a derivative of that. And then on top of that, we just got the agent breakthrough, you know, with Open Claw, which is fantastic. Which is amazing and incredibly powerful.And then we just got the, the, um, the auto research, uh, you know, the, the self-improvement. You know, we're now into the self-improvement breakthrough. And so the, so the way I think about it is we've had four fundamental breakthroughs in functionality, l OMS reasoning, uh, agents, um, and then, uh, and, and then now RSI, um, and, and they're all actually working.Um, and so I'm, I'm just, as you like, you can tell I'm jumping outta my shoes. Like, like this is, like this is it like this, this is the culmination of 80 years worth of worth of work, and this is the time it's becoming real.Alessio: Yeah.Marc: I, I'm completely convinced.Alessio: I think the anxiety that people feel is like during the transistor era, yet Mors law, and it's like, all right, we understand why these things are getting better.We understand the physics of it. Yeah. With ai, it's. It's so jagged in like the jumps where like, like you said, it's like in three months you have like this huge jump like, and people are like, well this can keep happening. Right? But then it keeps happening,Marc: it'll keep happening.Alessio: And so like how do you think about also timelines of like what's we're building?I think we always have this question with guests, which is like, you know, should you spend time building harness for a model versus like the next model just gonna do it one shot in the lead space. Right. And how does that inform, like how you think about the shape of the technology? You know, you talk about how it's a new computing platform.If you have a computing platform, then like every six months it like drastically changes in what it looks like. It's hard to build companies on top of it.Marc: Yeah. So, so a couple things. So one is like, look, the, the Moore's law was what we now call a scaling law. Like Moore's Law was a scaling law and for your younger viewers, more Moore's Law was every chip chip chips either get twice as powerful or twice as cheap every, every 18 months.And that, and that and that, you know, that it's gotten more complicated in the last few years. But like that, that was like the 50 year trajectory of, of, of the computer industry. And then, and then by the way, and that's what took the mainframe computer from a $25 million current dollar thing into, you know, the phone in your pocket being, you know, a million times more powerful than that.Like that, you know, for, for 500 bucks. And so that, that was a scaling law. And then, and then, and then key to any scaling law, including Moore's Law and the AI scaling laws is, you know, they're not really laws, right? They're, they're, they're, they're predictions, but when they work, they become self-fulfilling predictions because they, they, they, they, they set a benchmark and, and then the entire industry, right?All the smart people in the industry kind of work to make sure that, that, that actually happens. And so they, they kind of motivate the breakthroughs that are required to, to keep that going. And, and in and in chips, that was a 50 year, that was a 50 year run. Right. And it, it was amazing. And it's still happening in, in some areas of, of chips.I think the same thing is happening with the, the core scaling laws. The core scaling laws. In, in, in ai, you know, they're, they're not really laws, but like they, they are basically. There are predictions and then they're motivating catalysts for the research work that is required to be. And, and, and, and by the way, also the investment, uh, dollars, um, uh, you know, required to basically keep, you know, keep the curves going and, and look, it, it is, it's gonna be complicated and it's gonna be variable and they're, you know, there're gonna be walls that are gonna look like they're fast approaching, and then they're gonna be, you know, engineers are gonna get to work and they're gonna figure out a way to punch through the walls.And obviously that's, you know, that's been happening a lot, you know, and then look, there's gonna be times when it looks like the walls have, you know, the, the, the laws have petered out and then they're gonna, they're gonna pick up again and surge and then, and then, and then it, it appears what's happening to the eyes is there's not multiple, you know, multiple scaling laws.Um, there's multiple areas of improvement. And, and I think, you know, I don't know how many more there are already yet to be discovered, but there are probably some more that we don't know about yet. You know, they, like, for example, there's probably some scaling law around, um, world models and robotics that we don't fully understand, you know, kind of acquisition of data at scale in the real world that we don't fully understand yet.So that, that, that one will probably kick in at some point here. There's a bunch of really smart people working on that. Um, and so, yeah, I, I think the expectation is that, that, you know, the, the scaling laws generally are gonna continue. Yeah. The, the pace of improvement will continue to move really fast.Um. To your question on like what to build. So, uh, I'm a complete believer the scaling laws are gonna continue. I'm a complete believer the capabilities are gonna keep getting amazing, um, you know, leaps and bounds. Uh, the part where I kind of part ways a little bit with how, what I would describe as the AI purists, um, you know, which is, which I would characterize as like the people who are.In many ways, the smartest people in the field, but also the people who spend their entire life, like at a lab, um, and have, have, I would say, have very little experience in the outside world. Um, the, the, the nuance I would offer is the outside world of 8 billion people and institutions and governments and companies and economic systems and social systems is really complicated.Um, and, um, and doesn't, you know, it it 8 billion people making collective decisions on planet Earth is not a simple process of like, just like you see this happening now. It's like a bunch of AI CEOs have this thing, which is just like, well, there's just this, they just all have this kind of thing when they talk in public where they're just like, well, there's these, these obvious set of things that so society to do.Alessio: Mm-hmm.Marc: And then they're like, society's not doing any of those things. Right. And it's like, how can society not, you know, what, whatever their theory is, how can society not see x, y, Z? Mm-hmm. And the answer is, well, society is number one. There's no single society, it's like 8 billion people. And they like all have a voice, and they all have a vote, like at the end of the day of how they, they react to change.And then, you know, it just like, it's just human reality is just really complicated and messy. Um, and, and, and so the specific answer to your question is like, as usual, it depends. Um, you know, it, it depends. Look, pe there's no question people are gonna, like, there's no question they're gonna be companies.It's already happening. There are companies that think that they're building value on top of the models and then they're just gonna get blissed by the, by the next model. There's no question that's happening. But I think there's no question also that just the process of adaptation of any technology into the real and into the real messy world of humanity is, is just going to be messy and complicated.It's, it's not going to be simple and straightforward. It's gonna be messy and complicated. And there are gonna be a lot of companies and a lot of products, um, uh, and in, in fact entire industries that are gonna get built to, to, to basically actually help all of this technology actually reach real people.Alessio: The amount of capital going into these companies, I mean, Dario talked about it on the Door Cash podcast and Door Cash was like, why don't you just buy 10 x more GPUs? And he is like, because I'm gonna go bankrupt if the model doesn't exactly hit the, the performance level. How do you think about that?Also as a risk on, you know, you guys are investors, open AI and thinking machines and world apps. It seems like we're leveraging the scaling loss at a pretty high rate, right? Like how comfortable, I guess, do you feel with the downside scenario, like, and say like things Peter out, you think you can kind of like restructure uh, these build outs and uh, you know, capital investments.Marc: Yeah. So should start by saying, so I live through the.com crash, um, and I can tell you stories for hours about the.com crash and it was horrible. No, it was awful. It was, it was, it was apocalyptic by the way. The, a lot of the.com crash was actually at the time, it was actually a telecom crash. It was a bandwidth crash.Like the, the thing that actually crashed, that wiped out all the money with the tele, the telecom companies.swyx: GlobalMarc: crossing. Global, global, yeah.swyx: I'm from Singapore and they, they laid so much cable o over over our oceans.Marc: Actually there was a scaling law in the.com. Era. And it was literally the, the US Commerce Department put out a report in 1996 and they said internet traffic was doubling every quarter.Um, and, and actually in 1995 and 1996, internet traffic actually did double every quarter. And so that became the scaling law. And so what all these telecom entrepreneurs did was they went out and they raised money to build fiber, anticipating that the demand for bandwidth is gonna keep doubling every quarter.Doubling every quarter though is like, you know, grains of chess and the chessboard, like at some point the numbers become extremely large. Right. And, and, and it really, and really what happened was the internet. The internet by the way, continuously kept growing basically since inception. And it's, you know, it's, it's continuously grown.It's never shrunk. And it's grown really fast compared to anything else. Mm-hmm. You know, in, in, in human history. But it wasn't doubling every quarter as of 19 98, 19 99. And so there was this gap in the expectation of what they thought was a scaling law versus reality. And that's actually what caused the.com crash, which was the, it they, they way over companies like global crossing way overbuilt fiber, which is sort of the, and by the way, fiber, telecom equipment, you know, so all the, all the networking gear, you know, and then, and then by the way, the actual physical data centers, like that was the beginning of the, of the, of the data center build and then, and the data center overbuild.And so you had that, but it was, it was literally, I think it was like $2 trillion got wiped out, right? It was like Jesus, it was like a big, it was. And by the way, the other, the other subtlety in it was the internet companies themselves never really had any debt. ‘cause tech, tech companies generally don't run on debt, but the telecom companies run on debt.Physical infrastructure companies run on debt. And so the companies like Global Crossing not just raise a lot of equity, they also raise a lot of debt. So they're highly levered. And so then you just do the thing. It's just like, okay, you have a highly levered thing where you're, you're just over, you're overbuilding capacity.Demand is growing, but not as fast as you hoped. And then boom, bankrupt. Right. And, and then it, and then it's like they say about the hotel industry, which is, it's always the third owner of a hotel that makes money. It has to go bankrupt twice, right? You have to wash out all of the over optimistic exuberance before it gets to actually a stable state.And then it makes money. So by the way, all of those data centers and all of those, all the fiber that they're in use, it's all in use today. Yeah. But 25 years later. But it, it, it took, and actually the elapsed time was, it took 15 years. It took 15 years from 2000 to 2015 to actually fill, fill up all that capacity.The cautionary warning is the, the overbuild can happen. Um, and, and, and, and, you know, you, you get into this thing where basically everybody, everybody who basically has any sort of institutional capital, it's like, wow. It's just, I, I don't know how to invest in these crazy software things. For sure I can put build data centers and for sure I can buy GPUs that I can deploy, you know, compute grids and, and all these things.Um, and so, you know, if you're a pessimist, you could look at this and you could say, wow, this is like really set up to be able to basically replicate, you know, what we went through, what we went through in 2000. Obviously that would be bad. The counter argument, which is the one I I agree with, which is the counter on, on the other side is a couple things.One is the companies that are investing all the, the companies that are investing the money are like the bluest chip of companies. And so back, back, back in the, in the do, like Global Crossing was like a, it was like an entrepreneur. It was like a, a new venture, but like the money that's being deployed now at scale is Microsoft, and, you know, and Amazon and Google, Facebook and Facebook and Nvidia and, you know, these, these, these, and, and now you know, by the way, open ai philanthropic, which are now at like, you know, really serious size, um, you know, as companies with, you know, very serious revenue.These are very large scale companies with like, lots, lots of cash, lots of debt capacity that they've, they've never used. And so th this is institutional in a way that, that really wasn't at the time. And then the other is, at least for now, every dollar that's being put into anything that results in a running GPU is being turned into revenue right away.Like so, and you guys know this, like everybody's starved for capacity, everybody's starved for compute capacity and then, you know, all the associated things, memory and, and, and interconnected and everything else. Um, data center space. And so e every dollar right now that's being put into the ground is turning into revenue.And, and it, and in fact, I actually think there's an interesting thing happening, which is because everybody starve for capacity, the models that we actually have that we can use today are inferior versions of what we would have if not for the supply constraints. That's true. Um, if Right pose a hypothetical universe in which GPUs were 10 times cheaper and 10 times more plentiful mm-hmm.The models would be much better. ‘cause you would just allocate a lot more money to training and you'd just build better models and they would be better. Um, and so we're, we're actually getting the sandbag version of the technology.swyx: Yeah. No. Everything we use is quantized because the, the labs have to keep the, the full versions,Marc: right?swyx: LikeMarc: we're not even getting the good stuff.swyx: Yeah.Marc: But, but getting the good stuff, it's, it's just, even if technical progress stops. Once there's like a much bigger build of like GPU manufacturing capacity and memory, you know, all, all the things that have to happen in the course of the next five or 10 years.Once it happens, even the current technology is gonna get, gonna get much better. And then as you know, like there's just like a million ways to use this stuff. Like there's just like a million use cases for this. Mm-hmm. Like, it, it, you know, this isn't just sending packets across a, a thing, whatever, and hoping that people find something to do with it.This is just like, oh, we apply intelligence into every domain of human activity. And then it works like incredibly well. Yeah. Um. Here's what I know, here's what I know. Um, in the next three or four year, it's like somewhere between three or four years out, basically everything is selling out. So like the, the entire supply chain is, is, is, is sold out or, or, or selling out.And so there, there's no, like, we're just gonna have like chronic supply shortage for, you know, for years to come. Um, there's going to be a response from the market that's gonna result in an enormous, you know, it's happening now. An enormous flood of investment in a new fab capacity and ev you know, every, everything else to be able to do that, at some point the supply chain constraints will unlock, you know, at least to some degree that will be another accelerant to industry growth when that happens.‘cause the products will get better and everything will get cheaper. Um, and so, so I know that's gonna happen. I know that, you know, the deployments, you know, the, the actual use cases are like really compelling. And then, like I said, you know, with reasoning and agents and so forth, like, I know they're just gonna get like much, much better from here.And so I, I, I know the capabilities are like really real and serious. I also know that the technical progress is not going to stop. It. It, it is excel. It is, is accelerating. Like the, the breakthroughs are are tremendous. I mean, even just month over month, the breakthroughs are really dramatic. And so, you know, I think if you were a cynic and there, there are cynics, you can look at 2000, you can find echoes.But I can't even imagine betting it that this is gonna like somehow disappoint and, you know, at least for years to come, I think it would be essentially suicidal to make that bet. Yeah. Um, it was that Michael Burry, uh, uh, that'sswyx: anMarc: interesting guy, huh? We'll pick on a guy. We'll pick, let's pick on one guy.We'll pick. Well ‘cause he did, he he came out with, it was, it was the, heswyx: doesn't mind.Marc: It was the Nvidia short. Right. He came with the Nvidia short. And then if you guys probably talked about this, which is the, the analysis now that like the current models are getting better faster at such a rate that if you are running an Nvidia, if you're running an Nvidia inference chip today, that's three years old, you're making more money on it today than you did three years ago because the pace of improvement of the software is, is faster than the, the, the depreciation cycle, the chip.And then my understanding is Google is running. I don't if they've, I don't know exactly what, uh, these are rumors that I've heard or maybe it's public, but, um, I think Google's running very old TPUs, very profitably. Ference. Yeah. And very profit and very profitably. Yeah. Um, and so, so it actually turns out, as far as I can tell, it's actually the opposite of the Beery thesis is actually.He was actually 180 degrees wrong. It's actually the, the, the, the old Nvidia chips are getting more valuable, which is something that's like literally never happened before. Like it's never been the case that you have an older model chip that becomes more valuable, not less valuable. And that, and again, that's an expression of the just ferocious pace of software progress.Ferocious pace of capability payoff. Yeah. Uh, that you're getting on the other side of this. And so I just, the idea of betting against that, like.swyx: Yeah. Yeah. Well, one ofMarc: my, it seems like an invitation to get your face ripped up.swyx: One of my early hits was like modeling the lifespan of the H 100 and h two hundreds and, and going like, you know, usually they advise like four to seven years and it was, you know, maybe you sort of realistically haircut cut it down to two to three.Yeah. But actually it's going up and not down. Yeah. And, and uh, that's, I mean that's, I think that's the dream. Uh, we are finding utilization and I think utilization solves all problems. Like, you can, you can find use, use cases for even like the poor, like even memory, we're having a shortage. Right. And, and even like the, the shittier versions of, of memory that we do have, we are finding use cases for it.So like That's great.Marc: Yeah.Alessio: How, how important is open source AI and kinda like edge inference in a world in which you have three years of supply crunch. Like, do you think in the, like, you know, if you fast forward like five years, like how do you think about inference, uh, in the data center versus at the edge?Marc: Well, so just to start, yeah. So I think, I think open source is very important for a bunch of reasons. I think edge, edge inference is very important for a bunch of reasons. I, I think just practically speaking, if we're just gonna have fundamental construc, supply crunches for the next, I mean, you, you guys know if you just project forward demand over the next three years, right?Yeah. Relative to supply, one of the, its main predictions you can do is what's gonna, what, what's gonna happen to the cost of, of inference in the core, uh, over the next three years? And like, it may rise dramatically, right? Like, so, so what is, and then is, is, you know, like the, the, the big model competition are subsidizing heavily right now.Right? Right. And so, so what's the, what will be the average person's, you know, per day, per month token cost, you know, three years from now to do all the things that they want to do. And I, I don't know, it's gonna. I mean, I have, you guys probably have friends, I have friends today who are paying a thousand dollars a day for open claw, for claw tokens to run open claw.Right? And so, okay. $30,000 a month. Right? And, and by the way, those, those friends have like a thousand more ideas of the things that they want their claw to do, right? Yeah. And so you, you could imagine there, there's like latent demand of up to, I don't know, five or $10,000 a day of, of, of tokens for a fully deployed, you know, per personal agent.Uh, and obviously consumers can't pay that, right? And so, so, but it gives you a sense of the fu of the fu of the future scope of demand, right? And so, so even, even if there's a 10 x improvement in price performance, that still, you know, goes to a hundred dollars a day, which is still way beyond what people can pay.Mm-hmm. So there's just gonna be like. Ferocious to me, by the way. The agent thing, the other interesting thing is I think the agent thing, so up until now, a lot of the constraints of GGPU constraints, I think the agent thing now also translates into CPU constraints. Mm-hmm. Right?swyx: CPU memory.Marc: Yes. CPU memory, right?And so, like the entire chip ecosystem is just gonna get wait,swyx: wait for network constraints, that that will be the killer.Marc: It's all bottleneck potentially for years. And so, so I, I think that Brad, and, and I think it's actually possible, I mean, generally inference costs are gonna keep coming down, but I think the, let's put it this way, the rate of decline, I think may level out here for a bit because of these supply constraints.And then at some point, maybe the lab stops subsidizing so much and that, that, that again, will be, be an issue. And so there's just gonna be so much more demand for inference than, than can be satisfied. Um, you know, kind of with the centralized model. And then, and then, you know, you guys know this, but like all the, just the dramatic, I mean just the dramatic innovations that have happened in the Apple silicon to be able to do, uh, inferences, it's quite amazing the level of effort being put.Like the open source guys are putting incredible effort into getting, you know, this recurring pattern where the big model will never run on a pc, and then six months later mm-hmm. Oh, it runs in a pc, right? It's like amazing. And there's very smart people working on that. So there's all that. And then look, there's also, you know.There's also like other, there's other motivators. There's other motivators which is just like, okay, how much trust are the big centralized model providers? You know, how much trust are they building in the market versus, you know, how much are, you know, at least for, in certain cases with some people, for certain use cases, people being like, well, I'm not willing to just like, turn everything over.So there, there, there's all the trust issues. Um, by the way, there's also just like straight up price optimization. There's many uses of AI where you don't need Einstein in the cloud. You just need like a, a a, a smart local model. There's also performance issues where you want, you know, you want, you know, you're gonna want your doorknob to have an AI model in it.Right. You know, to be able to, you know, do, um, you know, to be able to do access control. Um, obviously like everything with a chip is gonna have an AI model in it. Mm-hmm. And it, a lot of those are gonna be local. Um, and so, yeah. No, like I think, I think you're gonna have ti and then you're gonna, by the way, also wearable devices, you know, you don't wanna do a complete round trip.You want, you know, you, whatever your smart devices are, you want it to be like super low latency. Yeah.swyx: The question, do we care who makes it? Yeah. One of the biggest news this week was the collapse of AI two, the Allen Institute. Mm-hmm. One of the actual American open source model labs. Yeah. Um, and, uh, I'm not that optimistic on, on American open source.Yeah. Like you, you guys invested in MIS trial and MIS trial's doing extremely well outside of China. That's about it.Marc: Yeah. We'll see. We'll see. I look, I, number one, I do think we care. Uh, I do think we, I do think we care who makes it. Um, I would say this, the, the, the, the previous presidential administration wanted to kill it in the us Oh yeah.They wanted to drown in the bathtub. Um, and so they wanted to kill it. So at least we have a government now that actually like, actually wants it wants it to happen. And youswyx: earned to councilMarc: and Yeah. And the new and the P pcast. Yeah. So the, the, you know, this admin for whatever other political issues people have, which are many, you know, this administration has, I think a very enlightened view and in particular an enlightened view on AI and in particular on open source ai.Uh, and so they're very supportive. Um, my read is the Chi. The Chinese have a very, the various Chinese companies have a very specific reason to do open source, which is, they, they, they don't fundamentally, they don't think they can sell commercial, uh, AI outside of China right now. And or at least specifically not, not in the US for a combination of reasons.And so they, they kind of view, I think, open source AI as a bit of a loss leader against basically domestic, uh, you know, paid, paid services. And then kind of an, you know, kind of an ancillary products. You know, they're, they're very excited about it, by the way. I think it's great. I think it's great that they're doing it.Um, you know, I think Deeps seek was like a gift to the world. Um, I think. The great thing about open source, open source, the, the, the impact of open source is felt two ways. One is you, you get the software for free, but the other is you get to learn how it works, right? And so like the paper, the paper, the paper and, and the code, right?And the code. And so, like, for example, I thought this was amazing. So open comes out with L one and it's an amazing technical breakthrough, and it's just like, absolutely fantastic. But of course they don't explain how it works in detail. And then of course they hide the, they hide the reasoning traces, right?And, and then, and then, and then everybody's like, okay, this is great, but like, who's gonna be able to replicate this? Are other people gonna be able to do this? You know, is their secret sauce in there? And then our one comes out and it's just like, there's the code and there's the paper, and now the whole world knows how to do it.And then, you know, three months later, every other AI model is, is adding reasoning. And so, so you get this kind of double, like even if the Chinese models themselves are not the models that get used, the education that's taken place to the rest of the world, the information diffusion, you know, is incredibly powerful.So that happens and then, I don't know. We'll, we'll see. You know, there are a bunch of American, you know, open source, you know, ai, uh, model companies. I mean, look, there's gonna be tremendous, you know, there already is. There's, you know, there's gonna be tre there's tremendous competition, uh, among the primary model companies.You know, there's, depending on how you count, there's like four or five, you know, big co model companies now that are, you know, kind of neck and neck, uh, in different ways. Um, uh, you know, and, and, and, um, you know, and then obviously Bo Bo both X and then MetAware involved are, you know, both have huge, you know, huge attempts to, you know, kind of, to kind of leapfrog underway.And then you've got, you know, a whole fleet of startups, new companies, including a whole bunch that we're backing, that are, you know, trying to come out with different approaches. And then you've got whatever it is. I don't know how, how many, how many, like main line foundation model companies are there in China at this point?It's probably six. It'sswyx: five Tigers is what they call it. Yeah. Uh, Quinn is in questionable because there's change in leadership,Marc: right?swyx: Yeah.Marc: But that, does that include, that includes like Moonshot,swyx: yes. Can deep seek, uh, uh, ZI, um, Quinn oh one is in there.Marc: Right. And then, um, and by dance and, and then you see,swyx: ance would be like the next tier ance.They weren't as prominent. They weren't, didn't haveMarc: a leading. Yeah. But they, you at least, you know, ance is very inspiring and presumably they have more stuff coming and Tencent probably has more stuff coming and, and so forth. And so, so, so like, look, here, here would be a thing you can anticipate, which is there are not these markets, there are not going to be between the US and China right now, there's like a dozen primary foundation model companies that are like at scale, at, at some level of a critical mass.It's not gonna be a dozen in three years, right? Like, it just because these industries don't bear a dozen, it's, it's gonna be three or you know, there's gonna be three or four big winners or maybe one or two big winners. And so there's gonna be like a whole bunch of those guys that are gonna have to figure out alternate strategies.Um, and I think like open source is one of those strategies. And so I, I think you could see like a whole, i, I, I think the questions like, who's gonna do open source? I think that could change really fast. I, I think that, that, that's a very dynamic thing. I think it's very hard to predict what happens. And, and I think it's very important.swyx: NVIDIA's doing a lot.Marc: Well, I was gonna say. Well, exactly. And then you're got Nvidia and then, and then, you know, just to, again, indu, there's an old thing in business strategy, which is called, uh, commoditize Compliments. Commoditize the compliment. That's right. And so if your Jensen is just kind of obvious, of course, you wanna commoditize the software.Yeah. And he's, and to his enormous credit, he's putting enormous resources behind that. And so maybe it, maybe it's literally Nvidia and I think that would be great.Alessio: Yeah. Uh, narrative violation to European projects, uh, in the, uh, damn.swyx: I'm hosting my, uh, Europe, uh, conference soon. And I got both of them.Alessio: They got us.They got us. MarkMarc: finished. They got us, us. Well, wait a minute. Where was Peter? So where was Steinberger when he did? In AustriaAlessio: was, yeah, yeah, yeah.Marc: He was in what? He was in Vienna. Oh, he was in Vienna. And then where is he now?swyx: Uh, he's moving to sf.Marc: Okay. Okay. Alright. Okay, there we go. And then, yeah, the PI guy, right?The PI guys are European.swyx: Yeah, they're also, they're buddies inAlessio: Australia. Mario's also there. Yeah.Marc: Right. And are they, yeah, they haven't announced yet. Any sort of change changed or have theyAlessio: No, they're, they have a company there.Marc: Okay. Got, okay. Good.Alessio: Good, good,good.Alessio: Um,Marc: yeah, good.swyx: Anyways, I think pie and open cloud very important software things and, and I just wanted you to just go off on what you think.Marc: Yeah. So I think in co the, the combination of the two of them I think is one of the 10 most important softwares. Openswyx: Claw got all the attention, but Right. Talk about pie,Marc: pi pie's, kind of the Yeah. PI's, PI's kind of the architectural breakthrough for those of us who are older. There was this whole thing that was very important in the world of software basically from like 1970 to, I don't know, it still is very important, but like 19, from 1973 to like basically the creation of Linux, which is basically this, this thing used to call like the Unix mindset.Like so, so, ‘cause there were all these different, you know, theories. There are all these different operating systems and mainframes and, and then you know, all these windows and Mac and all these things. And then there was this, but kind of behind it all was this idea of kind of the Unix mindset. And the Unix mindset was this thing where basically you don't have these, like, like in the old days, like, like the operating system that like made the computer industry really work, like in the 1960s mm-hmm.Was this thing called o os 360, which was this big operating system that IBM developed that was supposed to basically run everything. And it was this like giant monolithic architecture in the sky. It was like a, you know, it was like a giant castle. Um, of software. And, and by the way, it worked really well and they were very successful with it.But like, it was this huge castle in the sky, but it was this thing, it was almost unapproachable, which is like, you had to be kind of inside IBM or very close to IBM. And you had to really understand every aspect, how the system worked. And then the, the Unix sky is originally out of at and t and then out out of Berkeley, um, you know, came out and they said, no, let's have a completely different architecture.And the way architecture's gonna work is we're gonna have, we're gonna have a, a prompt and, and a, and a shell. And then, and then we're gonna, all, all the functionality is gonna be in the form of these discreet modules, and then you're gonna be able to chain the modules together. Mm-hmm. Yeah. And so like the, the, the op, it's almost like the operating, operating system itself is gonna be a programming language.Um, and then that led led to the, the, the sort of centrality of the shell. Um, and then that led to sort of, uh, you know, basically chaining together Unix tools. And then that led to the emergence of these, these scripting languages like Pearl, where you, you could basically kind of very easily do this, and then the shells got more sophisticated and then, and then, and then look like, you know, that, that, that number one, that worked and that, that was the world I grew up in.Like I was, I was a Unix guy. You know, sort of from, call it 1988 to, you know, kind of all, all the way through my work and it worked really well. It, it's in the background, um, you know, nor normal people don't need to, didn't need to necessarily know about it, but like, if you were doing like system architecture, application development, you, you, you knew all about it.Um, and then, you know, it's been in the background ever since. And, you know, look, your Mac still has a Unix shell, you know, kind of in there, and your iPhone still has a Unix shell kind of buried in there somewhere. So they're kind of in there. And then, you know, the Windows shell is kind of a, you know, sort of a weird derivative of that.But, um, you know, but look, the inter, the internet runs on Unix, um, and that smartphones, actually, both iOS and Android are Unix derivatives. And so, you know, kind of Unix did end up winning. But, but anyway, and then we just started taking that for granted. And then, and then so, so basically the, the way I think about what happened with Pie and then with Open Claw is basically what those guys figured out is, I always say the, the great breakthroughs are obvious in retrospect, right?Which is the best kind, the best kind. They weren't obvious at the time or somebody else would've done them already. Um, and so there is a, like a real conceptual leap, but then you look at it sort of the backwards looking and you're just like, oh, of course. Mm-hmm. Like the, the, to me those are always the best breakthroughs.Well, actually language models themselves are like that. It's just like, oh, next token completion. Oh, of course.swyx: Yeah. What other objective mattered?Marc: Yeah, exactly. But, but like it, right. But she's even saying it wasn't obvious until somebody actually did it. Right. And so the conceptual breakthrough is real and deep and powerful and, and very important.And so the way I think about pie and olaw is it's basically marrying the, the language model mindset to the un to the Unix, basically shell prompt mindset. And so it's, it's basically this idea that what, what, so what is an agent, right? And as, as, and as you know, like many smart people who have been trying to figure out what an agent is for, for, for decades, and they've had many architectures to build agents and the whole thing.And it turns out what is an agent. So it turns out what we now know is an agent is the following. It's, so it's a language model. And then above that, it's a ba, it's a bash shell. Um, so it's a, it's a Unix shell, and then it's, and then the agent has access, uh, has access to, to the shell. And, you know, hopeful, hopefully in a sandbox, maybe in, maybe in a sandbox.So it's, it's the model. Um, it's the shell. Um, and then it's a fi, it's a file system. Um, and then the state is stored in files. And then, you know, there's the markdown format for the, you know, for, for the files themselves. And then, and then there's basically what in Unix is called Aron job. There's a loop and then there's a heartbeat for the, there's heartbeat and, and the thing basically Wake Wakes up.Wakes up. So it's basically LLM plus shell, plus file system, plus markdown, plus kron. And it turns out that's an agent. And, and, and every part of that, other than the model is something that we already completely know and understand. And in fact, it turns out that like the latent power of the Unix shell is like extraordinary because basically like all, like, there's just like an, there's just enormous latent power in the shell.There's enormous numbers of Unix commands, there's enormous number of command line interfaces into all kinds of things already in the, you know, your entire, I mean your entire, just to start with, your computer runs on a shell. If you're running a Mac or a, or, or a phone, your computer, your computer's running on a shell, uh, already.And so like the full power of your computer is available at the command line level. Um, and then it turns out it's really easy to expose other functions as a command line interface. And so like this whole idea where we need like MCP and these like product mm-hmm. Fancy protocols, whatever, it's like, no, we don't, we just need like a command, command line thing.So that's the architecture. And then it turns out what is your agent? Your agent has a bunch of files starting a file system. And then there's the thing that just like completely blew my mind when I write my head around it as a result of this, which is like, okay. This means your agent is now actually independent of the model that it's running on.Because you can actually swap out a different LLM underneath your agent and your, your agent will change personality somewhat. ‘cause the model is different, but all of the state stored in the files will be retained.swyx: Yeah. Different instruction set, but you just compiledit.Marc: Right, exactly. And it's all right.It's like right. Swapping out a ship and recompiling, but it's, it's still, it's still your agent with all of its memories. Um, and with all of its capabilities. And then by the way, you can also swap out the shell, uh, so you can move it to a different execution environment that is also, is also a b shell, by the way, you can also switch out the file system, right.Uh, and you can, and you can, and you can swap out the, the, the heartbeat for the, the crown framework, the, the loop that the agent framework itself. And so your agent basically is ba basically at the end of the day, it's just. It's just, its files. Um, and then, and then there's of course it a openswyx: call.Marc: Yeah, it's, it's basically, it's, it's just the files.Um, and then by the way, as a consequence of that, the agent and then the agent itself, it turns out a couple important things. So one is it, it's, it, it can migrate itself, right? And so you're, you can instruct your agent, migrate yourself to a different, uh, runtime environment, migrate yourself to a different file system, migrate yourself to a different, you know, swap out the language model.Your agent will do all that stuff for you. And then there's the final thing, which is just amazing, which is the agent is the agent actually has full introspection. It actually, it actually knows about its own files and it could rewrite its own files. Right. Which by the way, is basically no widely deployed software system in history where the, the, the thing that you're using actually has full introspective knowledge of how it itself works and is able to modify itself.Like that, that, I mean, there have been toy systems that have had that, but there, there's never been a widely deployed system that has that capability and then that leads you to the capability. That just like completely blew my mind when I wrap my head around it, which is you can tell the agent to add new functions and features to itself and it can do that.Extend yourself. Yeah. Right? Extend, extend yourself. Like extend yourself. Give yourself a new capability. Right? And so, and so literally it's just like you run into somebody at a party and they're like, oh, I have my open claw, do whatever, connect to my eat, sleep bed, and it gives me better advice and sleep.And you go home at night and you tell your claw, or if they're at the party, by the way, you tell your claw, oh, add this capability to yourself. And your claw will say, oh, okay, no problem. And it'll go out on the internet and it'll figure out whatever it needs and then it'll go out to claw code or whatever.It'll write whatever it needs. And then the next thing you know, it has this new capability. And so you don't even have to, like, you can have it upgrade itself without even having to, without having to do anything other than tell it that you want it to do that. And so anyway, so the, the combination of all this is just, I mean, this is just like a massive, incredible, I mean, it's just incredible.Like if I, if I were, if I were 18, like this is a hundred, this is what I would be spending all of my time on. This is like such an incredible conceptual breakthrough. Yeah. And again, pe people are gonna look at it and they already get this response. People are gonna look at it and they're gonna say, oh, well, where's the breakthrough?‘cause these, the, all of these components were already known before. Mm-hmm. But, but this is the key, the key to the breakthrough was by using all these components that were known before, you get all of the underlying capability of that's buried in there. And so all, and so for example, computer use all of a sudden just kind of falls, trivi, trivial.Of course it's gonna be able to use your computer. It has full access to the shell. Right. And then, and then you just, you, you give it access to a browser, and then you've got the computer and the browser and, and often away it goes. And, and then you've got all the abilities of the browser also. Um, yeah.And so, and so the capability unlock here is profound. My friends who are, you know, deepest into this, are having their claw do like a, like, literally like a thousand things in their lives. They have new ideas every day. They're just like constantly throwing new challenges at the thing. And by the way, it's early and, you know, these are, you know, these are prototypes and there are, you know, as you guys know, there's security issues.Yeah. And, and so, you know, there's a bunch of stuff to be ironed out, but the, the unlock of capability is just incredible.swyx: Yeah.Marc: And I, I have absolutely no doubt that everybody in the world is gonna, is gonna have at least, you know, an agent like this, if not an entire family of agents. And w

In this episode of Fraud Talk, fraud prevention expert and biometrics expert Simon Marchand, CFE, joins the show to explore how voice biometrics and AI-powered identity verification are reshaping the fight against fraud. This conversation follows the evolution of biometric technology from its origins as a customer authentication tool to its current role as a frontline defense against deepfakes, synthetic voices and large-scale orchestrated attacks. Marchand breaks down how fraudsters are leveraging AI to industrialize identity fraud, why language is no longer a barrier for bad actors operating across borders, and what organizations must consider when evaluating biometric solutions for their own risk environments. The discussion also examines the ethical and legal aspects of biometric data — including transparency, consent and governance — and what anti-fraud professionals must know as this technology becomes increasingly used across industries.   ——————————————   Concentrix: Download the new white paper "Rewriting the Rules: How AI Is Transforming Fraud and Dispute Resolutions" at https://www.concentrix.com/insights/thought-leadership/how-ai-is-transforming-fraud-and-dispute-resolutions/

a16z's Ben Horowitz and Erik Torenberg speak with Alex Blania, cofounder and CEO of Tools for Humanity, World, and cofounder of Merge Labs. World is building the largest real human network, a proof-of-human layer for the AI era. They cover the technical challenge of proving human uniqueness at scale using iris biometrics, the privacy architecture behind World ID, and why platforms from social networks to dating apps to video conferencing will soon require proof of human verification.   Resources: Follow Alex Blania on X: https://twitter.com/alexblania Follow Ben Horowitz on X: https://twitter.com/bhorowitz Follow Erik Torenberg on X: https://twitter.com/eriktorenberg Stay Updated:Find a16z on YouTube: YouTubeFind a16z on XFind a16z on LinkedInListen to the a16z Show on SpotifyListen to the a16z Show on Apple PodcastsFollow our host: https://twitter.com/eriktorenberg Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Biometrics is one of those topics that people should pay attention too, but often don't. So given that Facebook just released their Pervert Glasses, we wanted to take a trip back to 2023 and our interview with Brittan Heller from the Stanford Cyber Policy Center. And our host Rosie Tran has an amazing book recommendation for you. That's right. A BOOK. All this and more this week on the show. 

Biometric fraud like voice spoofing and audio deepfakes are part of broader social engineering attacks by scammers and criminals.

Existing CBI passports issued before April 14 expire for travel purposes on July 31, 2027 unless holders complete biometric enrollment.View the full article here.Subscribe to the IMI Daily newsletter here. 

Patrick Bet-David sits down with DHS Secretary Kristi Noem to discuss her claim that “they spied on me,” the discovery of a secret DHS file room, the fallout surrounding El Mencho and cartel operations, and efforts to identify and remove alleged deep state actors inside the Department of Homeland Security.

The Arm Viewpoints podcast welcomes Tristram Norman, co-founder and CTO of Simprints; Bertrand Pedersen, senior Manager, Private Sector Partnerships and Innovation at Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; and Rosalie Tribe, who leads Social Impact and Innovation Partnerships at Arm. Together, we discuss a groundbreaking collaboration in Ghana that uses biometric identification and AI-powered tools running on Arm-based devices to support community health workers delivering multi-dose vaccines, including the malaria vaccine.

Let's talk about Iran. It's ancient biblical name was Persia. Its southwestern region is Elam. If you're even a little familiar with Bible prophecy, you know Scripture predicts that in the last days a coalition of nations will invade Israel. Iran is specifically listed among them. A less discussed prophecy can be found in the […]

Find us at www.crisisinvesting.com   Doug and Matt discuss a Palantir Maven Smart System demo that fuses multiple military data feeds into one targeting workflow, likening it to "Skynet" and warning that removing the final human approval is near. They cover Anthropic's stance on not enabling "evil" uses versus dependence on government contracts, and debate whether massive AI data center spending could become stranded as models advance quickly and projects like "Stargate" fall apart. Member questions address biometric border expansion and the end of travel privacy, lab-grown/transmuted gold and future supply from seawater, kelp, and asteroids, Cuba's likely collapse and negotiations with the U.S., AI data center local costs, offshore gold storage and impending FX controls, City of London conspiracy claims, portfolio implications of Iran-related oil disruptions, gold miners vs juniors, broker access to Canada, stop-loss risks, Uruguay/Argentina as safer regions, and tech/nanotech as hardest to analyze. 00:00 Palantir Skynet Demo 04:24 Anthropic vs Pentagon 06:25 AI Data Center Bubble 10:19 Buenos Aires Round Table 12:59 Tourism Overcrowding 16:00 Air Travel Breaking Down 19:33 Biometrics and Travel Privacy 23:30 Lab Grown Gold Explained 25:54 Cuba Next on the List 28:17 Local Costs of Data Centers 30:04 Data Center Bubble 30:38 Offshore Gold Storage 32:44 City of London Myths 36:18 Oil Stocks and War 38:21 Gold Miners Strategy 41:42 Accessing Canadian Stocks 43:10 Stop Loss Debate 46:05 Uruguay as Safe Haven 49:16 Israel Iran Motives 53:07 Hardest Stocks to Analyze 55:05 Wealth Transfer Prep 56:35 Wrap Up and Next Week

On this episode of the Live Free Now Show, I sit down with a freedom-minded journalist and activist from Germany, Tom-Oliver Regenauer, who is living inside the European Union as the technocratic agenda accelerates. I had the pleasure of meeting Tom recently at The People's Reset, and we immediately connected over our shared understanding of the Predator Class, how centralized power operates, and how the control grid is being rolled out in real time. If you want to understand where things are heading in the United States, pay attention to Europe. The EU is often light years ahead of the rest of the world when it comes to: • Digital censorship laws • Biometric surveillance systems • CBDC infrastructure • Social credit style compliance systems • Centralized regulatory overreach • AI-driven monitoring and enforcement We break down: The EU's aggressive censorship framework The expansion of biometric ID systems The digital surveillance grid being normalized across Europe How the technocratic agenda is being implemented step-by-step Why U.S. citizens should be paying very close attention How Freedom Cells are organizing across Europe While many Americans still debate “if” these systems are coming, much of Europe is already living inside early-stage versions of them. We also discuss the growth of decentralized organizing in Europe and why the Freedom Cell model is resonating with people who understand that exit and build is the only long-term solution. If you want a clear-eyed look at how the New World Order framework is unfolding in the EU — and what that means for the rest of the West — this episode is for you. Watch. Share. Organize. Check out Tom's work here: https://www.regenauer.press/bildundton SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS Wise Wolf Gold and Silver Precious metals in your mailbox = Peace of mind Wise Wolf Gold and Silver's Wolf Pack program ships physical gold & silver monthly with auto-subscriptions. Code livefree gets you free junk silver with your first order! https://livefree.academy/wolfpack Zano - Privacy Coin with Tokens! Zano is a powerful privacy coin built for real-world use. It allows users to create and transact with private tokens, including stablecoins like Freedom Dollar, a privacy-focused stablecoin pegged to the value of the dollar. You can even bridge transparent Bitcoin into the Zano blockchain and use it privately. Learn more here: https://zano.org/

New York City lawmakers are considering legislation that would ban retail stores from collecting customers' biometric data, including facial and voice scans. WNYC and Gothamist reporter Liam Quigley recently reported that the grocery chain Wegmans posted signs warning shoppers their biometric data could be collected in some New York City stores. Supporters of the bill say biometric identifiers are especially sensitive because they are tied to a person's body and cannot be changed like a password. Businesses argue the technology can help improve security and prevent theft as the use of biometric surveillance spreads faster than the laws meant to regulate it. Got any questions, comments or story ideas? Send us a message at NYCNow@WNYC.org

────────────────────────────────────────[00:02:09:27] — Operating System ID Mandate Centralizes ControlA Colorado Senate bill proposes embedding identity verification directly into operating systems, concentrating regulatory power into a few dominant tech companies while undermining open-source alternatives.────────────────────────────────────────[00:04:54:24] — Embedded Identity Tracking at the Core of Digital InfrastructureThe proposal would require operating system providers to collect birth data and track users from account creation, shifting enforcement from apps to foundational infrastructure for centralized monitoring.────────────────────────────────────────[00:05:15:04] — Structural Governance Shift Toward Federal ReplicationEmbedding identity enforcement at the operating-system layer is framed as a structural transformation likely to spread beyond the state level and reshape governance mechanisms.────────────────────────────────────────[00:09:26:05] — Mandatory Digital Identity as the Endpoint of Policy TrajectoryUniversal age verification is described as leading toward mandatory identity authentication for internet access, effectively eliminating anonymous online activity.────────────────────────────────────────[00:22:09:09] — Federal Emergency Powers and Industrial Compulsion MechanismsEmergency authorities enabling compelled production and liability protection are presented as aligning government power with private industry under centralized crisis-based governance.────────────────────────────────────────[00:42:02:27] — Expansion of Enforcement Power Beyond Constitutional ProcessDismissal of warrant requirements is framed as evidence of institutional drift away from constitutional safeguards toward more discretionary enforcement authority.────────────────────────────────────────[00:50:44:04] — Transnational Cartel Conflict and Security Spillover RiskEscalating cartel violence and militarized responses raise concerns about cross-border instability and expanding state-level security measures.────────────────────────────────────────[01:00:13:14] — Strategic Risk of War with Iran Amid Weakened AlliancesWarnings of depleted resources and reduced allied support highlight the geopolitical risks and potential overextension tied to confrontation with Iran.────────────────────────────────────────[01:11:53:23] — Multi-Front War Scenario and Regional Escalation RiskPreparations for strikes across multiple countries signal the potential expansion of conflict into a broader regional war framework.────────────────────────────────────────[01:19:24:11] — Nuclear Timeline Claims Driving War JustificationConflicting intelligence claims regarding Iran's nuclear capability are presented as a key justification for escalating military action.────────────────────────────────────────[01:23:14:13] — Tokenization and Digitalization as a New Control FrameworkExpansion of blockchain-based tokenization is framed as building an economic system capable of centralized monitoring and control over assets and transactions.────────────────────────────────────────[01:33:24:29] — Integration of Digital Identity with Biometric and Behavioral SystemsLinking identity, health, and behavioral data into programmable digital systems is described as forming a comprehensive surveillance and control architecture.──────────────────────────────────────── Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to https://davidknight.gold/ for great deals on physical gold/silver For 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to https://trendsjournal.com/ and enter the code KNIGHT Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.com If you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-david-knight-show--2653468/support.

────────────────────────────────────────[00:02:09:27] — Operating System ID Mandate Centralizes ControlA Colorado Senate bill proposes embedding identity verification directly into operating systems, concentrating regulatory power into a few dominant tech companies while undermining open-source alternatives.────────────────────────────────────────[00:04:54:24] — Embedded Identity Tracking at the Core of Digital InfrastructureThe proposal would require operating system providers to collect birth data and track users from account creation, shifting enforcement from apps to foundational infrastructure for centralized monitoring.────────────────────────────────────────[00:05:15:04] — Structural Governance Shift Toward Federal ReplicationEmbedding identity enforcement at the operating-system layer is framed as a structural transformation likely to spread beyond the state level and reshape governance mechanisms.────────────────────────────────────────[00:09:26:05] — Mandatory Digital Identity as the Endpoint of Policy TrajectoryUniversal age verification is described as leading toward mandatory identity authentication for internet access, effectively eliminating anonymous online activity.────────────────────────────────────────[00:22:09:09] — Federal Emergency Powers and Industrial Compulsion MechanismsEmergency authorities enabling compelled production and liability protection are presented as aligning government power with private industry under centralized crisis-based governance.────────────────────────────────────────[00:42:02:27] — Expansion of Enforcement Power Beyond Constitutional ProcessDismissal of warrant requirements is framed as evidence of institutional drift away from constitutional safeguards toward more discretionary enforcement authority.────────────────────────────────────────[00:50:44:04] — Transnational Cartel Conflict and Security Spillover RiskEscalating cartel violence and militarized responses raise concerns about cross-border instability and expanding state-level security measures.────────────────────────────────────────[01:00:13:14] — Strategic Risk of War with Iran Amid Weakened AlliancesWarnings of depleted resources and reduced allied support highlight the geopolitical risks and potential overextension tied to confrontation with Iran.────────────────────────────────────────[01:11:53:23] — Multi-Front War Scenario and Regional Escalation RiskPreparations for strikes across multiple countries signal the potential expansion of conflict into a broader regional war framework.────────────────────────────────────────[01:19:24:11] — Nuclear Timeline Claims Driving War JustificationConflicting intelligence claims regarding Iran's nuclear capability are presented as a key justification for escalating military action.────────────────────────────────────────[01:23:14:13] — Tokenization and Digitalization as a New Control FrameworkExpansion of blockchain-based tokenization is framed as building an economic system capable of centralized monitoring and control over assets and transactions.────────────────────────────────────────[01:33:24:29] — Integration of Digital Identity with Biometric and Behavioral SystemsLinking identity, health, and behavioral data into programmable digital systems is described as forming a comprehensive surveillance and control architecture.──────────────────────────────────────── Money should have intrinsic value AND transactional privacy: Go to https://davidknight.gold/ for great deals on physical gold/silver For 10% off Gerald Celente's prescient Trends Journal, go to https://trendsjournal.com/ and enter the code KNIGHT Find out more about the show and where you can watch it at TheDavidKnightShow.com If you would like to support the show and our family please consider subscribing monthly here: SubscribeStar https://www.subscribestar.com/the-david-knight-showOr you can send a donation throughMail: David Knight POB 994 Kodak, TN 37764Zelle: @DavidKnightShow@protonmail.comCash App at: $davidknightshowBTC to: bc1qkuec29hkuye4xse9unh7nptvu3y9qmv24vanh7Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-real-david-knight-show--5282736/support.

Barrie v. U.S. Att'y Gen., No. 24-12504 (11th Cir. Feb. 19, 2026) aggravated felony rape definition; statutory interpretation; rule against superfluity; review of comparable federal statutes; attempted sexual abuse in violation of  D.C. Code § 22-3002(a)(1); digital penetration  Matter of L-S-C-R-, 29 I&N Dec. 451 (BIA 2026) remand for biometrics checks; interests of finality; 8 C.F.R. § 1003.47(h)  Matter of F-B-A-, 29 I&N Dec. 456 (BIA 2026) failure to report harm; C-G-T-; conversion from Islam to Russian Orthodox Church; reasonable relocation; unable or unwilling; acquiesce, relocation, and CAT  Irias v. Bondi, No. 25-1419 (8th Cir. Feb. 17, 2026) in absentia motion to reopen based on ineffective assistance of counsel; self reporting IAC; strict Lozada compliance  Cante Mijangos v. Bondi, No. 25-1267 (1st Cir. Feb. 18, 2026) issue exhaustion; sexual abuse type asylum claim; nexus  Khanal v. Bondi, No. 14-1572 (1st Cir. Feb. 18, 2026) asylum, withholding, and CAT grant despite adverse credibility; failure to consider evidence; credible death threats; Maoist extortion; Nepal Kurzban Kurzban Tetzeli and Pratt P.A.Immigration, serious injury, and business lawyers serving clients in Florida, California, and all over the world for over 40 years. Gonzales & Gonzales Immigration BondsP: (833) 409-9200immigrationbond.com  EB-5 Support"EB-5 Support is an ongoing mentorship and resource platform created specifically for immigration attorneys."Contact: info@eb-5support.comWebsite: https://eb-5support.com/Stafi"Remote staffing solutions for businesses of all sizes"Click me!The Pen and SwordClick me!Discount code: ImmigrationReview26 Want to become a patron?Click here to check out our Patreon Page!CONTACT INFORMATION:Email: kgregg@kktplaw.comFacebook: @immigrationreviewInstagram: @immigrationreviewTwitter: @immreviewAbout your hostCase notesRecent criminal-immigration article (p.18)Featured in San Diego VoyagerSupport the show

Discover all of the podcasts in our network, search for specific episodes, get the Optimal Living Daily workbook, and learn more at: OLDPodcast.com. Episode 3293: Jessica Spendlove reveals how aligning with your ultradian rhythm and integrating brain breaks can elevate productivity while preventing burnout. She also explains how combining subjective awareness with biometric tracking empowers leaders to optimise energy, focus, and recovery,ensuring sustainable, high-level performance in demanding roles. Read along with the original article(s) here: https://jessicaspendlove.com/the-science-of-a-brain-break-unlocking-holistic-wellbeing-and-peak-performance-for-leaders/   AND   https://jessicaspendlove.com/executive-performance-unlocking-your-potential-through-biometrics/ Quotes to ponder: "Instead of pushing through with caffeine or sugary snacks, taking a 20-minute 'brain break' can recharge your mental energy and prepare you for your next productivity peak." "Subjective data, how you feel day-to-day, is a critical yet underutilised tool for maintaining long-term performance." "By understanding how your body operates, what drives your energy, what disrupts your focus, and what enhances your recovery, you can unlock your full potential as a leader." Episode references: WHOOP wearable technology: https://www.whoop.com Oura Ring sleep tracker: https://ouraring.com Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKGrmY8OSHM Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

World Network's WLD token skyrocketed over 27% on reports that OpenAI is building a "biometric social network." Sam Altman is reportedly eyeing the "World Orb" and Apple's Face ID to verify users. Will humans win this war against AI bots with digital identity? CoinDesk's Jennifer Sanasie hosts "CoinDesk Daily." - This episode was hosted by Jennifer Sanasie. “CoinDesk Daily” is produced by Jennifer Sanasie and edited by Victor Chen.