Podcasts about fiber optics

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The future of war has been evolving before our eyes in Ukraine, yet the west still plans to fight the last war. In this special episode, guest host Noah Smith (@noahpinion) and Brandon Anderson sit down with Yaroslav Azhnyuk (@YaroslavAzhnyuk), a serial tech founder who went from building PetCube to founding The Fourth Law, one of the world's most advanced AI-guided drone companies. Over two hours we cover the technology, tactics, and geopolitics of drone warfare, and why the modern battlefield has already left the West behind:* Yaroslav's personal history and the Ukraine war [00:01:04 – 00:14:01]* The modern drone tech stack: why FPV drones are the new god of war, the future of the rifleman, fiber optic vs. AI, five levels of autonomy, and the eight dimensions of the autonomous battlefield [00:14:01 – 01:05:13]* The geopolitics and economics of drones: China's manufacturing advantage, the drone race, Western defense readiness, countermeasures, and why the gap is widening [01:05:13 – 01:58:57]For those looking for Noah Smith's commentary, it really gets going around the 00:51:31 mark.Yaroslav Azhnyuk / The Fourth Law:* X: https://x.com/YaroslavAzhnyuk* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yaroslavazhnyuk/* The Fourth Law: https://thefourthlaw.aiNoah Smith:* Substack: Noah Smith * X: https://x.com/noahpinionTimestamps00:00:00 Cold Open: China's 4 Billion Drones and the Cameras-to-Explosives Pipeline00:01:04 Introduction: Brandon, Noah Smith, and Yaroslav Azhnyuk00:05:41 From Tech Entrepreneur to Defense: PetCube, Brave One, and the D3 Fund00:10:42 The Ethics of Building Weapons: Dual-Use Technology and the Wolf at the Door00:14:01 The Tech Stack: Cameras, Autonomy Modules, Interceptors, and a Semiconductor Fab00:18:47 Fiber Optic vs. AI: The Radio Horizon Problem and $32/km Cable00:25:32 FPV Drones: The New God of War — 70–80% of Frontline Casualties00:28:28 The Five Levels of Drone Autonomy: From Terminal Guidance to Full Autonomy00:41:37 The Eight Dimensions of the Autonomous Battlefield00:45:32 AI Safety and the Morality of Autonomous Weapons00:51:31 The End of the Rifleman? Noah's 2013 Prediction vs. Battlefield Reality01:05:13 China's Manufacturing Advantage and Western Vulnerabilities01:24:21 Policy Advice for Western Defense: Defense Valley and the Widening Gap01:32:54 The Drone Race: Who's Ahead, Category by Category01:41:57 Countermeasures: Shotguns, Jammers, Lasers, and Fishnets01:58:19 The Wedding and Final Takeaway: Be Prepared for WarTranscriptCold Open: China, FPV Drones, and the New Warning SignYaroslav [00:00:00]: Think about this. Last year, Ukraine produced 4 million FPV drones. Ukraine is not the most industrious nation in the world. China can produce 4 billion of these FPV drones.Noah [00:00:10]: Would you say that right now China is now the supreme conventional military power on Earth, given its ability to manufacture and deploy drones in the quantity and quality that you just described?Yaroslav [00:00:20]: I don't think we have all the information to claim that but we cannot count it out, and that alone should be a big warning sign. As I say, at some point in my life I went from making cameras that fling treats to pets to cameras that fling explosives to the occupiers. So that's the short story. And when you think about what your nation, what your patriots are going through, you realize that's the only morally right thing to do is to fight back, and it is immoral not to fight back, and then the choice becomes very clear.Introduction: Yaroslav Azhnyuk, Petcube, and the Last Flight into KyivBrandon [00:01:04]: Welcome to Latent Space. I'm Brandon. I normally do science podcasts, but today we're going to do something a little bit different. I'm joined by Noah Smith of Noahpinion on Substack and Twitter. And he has lots of interesting things to say about drones. And as a guest, we have Yaroslav Azhnyuk, founder of The Fourth Law and several other, drone-related startups. To get started, it is February 23rd, 2022. You are running a pet startup. You're connecting pets with their owners. Let's go in just a little bit of background. How did you get started in tech, and what were you working on before the Ukrainian war started?Yaroslav [00:01:50]: Good to be here. Thank you. On February 23rd, late in the evening, 11:00 PM Kyiv time, my wife and I landed in Kyiv. Actually, then she was a fiance. We came from Lviv, where we were looking at a church, where our wedding should have taken place. And we got into this cab ride from the airport to our home, and the driver was like, “You crazy. Like, everyone's leaving Kyiv. Why do you come?” We're like, “What? Nothing's going to happen. Dude, chill.” And then obviously, eight minutes later, or eight hours later, the bombs fell in the city. It was quite surreal. We probably landed on the last flight that landed in Kyiv, or one of those last flights. My background, I'm a tech guy. Studied applied mathematics in Kyiv Polytechnics, born and raised in Kyiv. My parents are old PhDs from academia, and grandparents too. Like, everything, from linguistics to nuclear physics. And I'm an entrepreneur, so I've built a bunch of companies. Petcube is the one you were referencing. So I lived in San Francisco 2014 to 2020, building Petcube, which is one of the leading, pet device companies in the world, selling lots of pet cameras. And then, yeah, as I say, at some point in my life I went from making cameras that fling treats to pets to cameras that fling explosives to the occupiers. So that's the short story.February 24th: Leaving Kyiv as the Invasion BeginsNoah [00:03:28]: February 24th, I guess a few hours after you, go to check out your wedding chapel, what do you do?Yaroslav [00:03:37]: We had a plan for this situation. So my parents and family live in Kyiv, and we're like, “Okay, this has actually started. The worst has, come true.” And so we basically packed our belongings and got in the car and spent 17 hours driving west. And that was pretty sure most people in our audience watched at least one apocalyptic movie in their life, so that was exactly like that. Like, felt exactly like that. Missiles are falling. Like, there was smoke in Kyiv. Like, my dad and I went, like, to central part of the cities. It's probably, likeYaroslav [00:04:20]: 800 meters from presidential office, to pick some stuff up at his workplace. Because he's, like, the head of an academic institution, so he had to get some of the things with him. And super surreal. Like, the streets are empty. Like, the gas stations are out of gas. Like, we found some gas station. We didn't have, like, spare canisters with us, so we're like, We figured out, like, the car was diesel, so like, we figured out, if it's diesel, you can actually store it in plastic, canisters, and we bought some window wash for the cars. We poured it out of the canisters, and we poured the diesel into that. Yeah, so it was like that. And then, like, helping friends get out, like my friend and his dog. Like, we found Like, my brother was also, like, riding in a separate car. We found a place for my friend who didn't have a car. It was like, yeah, it was like, totally surreal. And we didn't know of course, and you didn't know this will last for so long. You didn't know whether Ukraine will be able to defend Kyiv. And it was like, yeah, very little information and very little insight into future.From Pet Cameras to Defense Tech: Building for Ukraine and the Free WorldNoah [00:05:42]: What are your thoughts with regards to how do you, defend, Ukraine? So you eventually start building drones Like, what is the process to get from there from where you were building, devices that connect owners with pets to building drones, and what other things did you do to help the war effort in the process?Yaroslav [00:06:07]: It's definitely non-trivial, right? Like, I didn't go, to I didn't get any, like, military education when I was a student. Like, normally, in Ukraine, you would, you would go to like, this military school even if you're getting higher education in any other, sphere. I decided to skip that which is like, an unusual way to go. And I never thought that I will be somehow engaged in a war effort. Like, what is war? Of course, wars are over. It's the end of history. So one thing you got to understand about, like, many Ukrainians and like, I guess, it's also true about most of the people I met here in the US, that your who you are in terms of your nationality is a big part of your identity. So when that gets under attack, it's something deeper than just the country you live in gets under attack, right? And I Day one, I figured I'm going to I'm going to fight back with everything I can, right? But I didn't think on day one that I'm actually going to do, weapons. And a bunch of things. We were reaching out to a number of American, congresspeople and senators, and basically advocating for support of Ukraine, for voting for lend lease, which has happened in May 2022, but didn't actually work as expected. We helped start, Brave One, which is now a very important defense innovation cluster, sort of like a DIU here in the US. We helped start, a fund called D3. It's like, it was started or co-started by Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google. So a bunch of these odd things, but then eventually I was like, “Okay,”by 2023 it was obvious this thing, A is going to last a lot more time, and B, that the whole world is shifting and that there's going to be a new arms race, that the warfare is redefined by drones as platforms. And for the first time in history, you have a platform that is software defined, that can increase your battlefield capabilities, in a in a step change just overnight. So it's like if you were able to push a software update and get all of your Roman legionnaires a new helmet? That has never been possible before. It's the first time in the history of war this is possible. So all of that and many other things like, supply chain fragilization, and the impact that AI is going to have on all of this all these things have become evident to me in 2023, and it's like, “Okay, I should do what I do best, or what I know how to do best, start a tech company, and sort of leverage the global techno capitalist machine, to provide, defensibility to Ukraine and the free world.” So that's literally the mission of the company, increase defensibility of Ukraine and the free world. And then there was some sort of soul-searching and like, asking yourself. It's like, “Okay, am I Actually, I know nothing about weapons. Am I actually, like, ready to make, things that other people use to kill other bad people?”Yaroslav [00:09:36]: When you think about what your nation, what your Compatriots are going through And think about all the terror of places like Bucha, the occupied cities in the east and south, the abducted children, the raped women, all the economic damage that's being done, and the intention to destroy a whole nation, to genocide the people of Ukraine, you realize that's the only morally right thing to do is to fight back, and it is immoral not to fight back. And then the choice becomes very clear. And look, we're just passing the ammunition. We're not doing the actual job. The actual fighters and defenders and heroes are people in the armed forces. We're just support.The Moral Question: Weapons, Responsibility, and Fighting BackNoah [00:10:33]: I have so many questions. Actually, I know you seem to have a question. Do you want to ask anything?Yaroslav [00:10:38]: No, I'm just listening. Go ahead.Noah [00:10:40]: I do want to talk about, some of let's say, the moral issues, like you just said. You endYaroslav [00:10:50]: I think there are no issues there.Yaroslav [00:10:52]: What would an example of a moral question be in this case?Noah [00:10:55]: No, I mean Okay. As you just said, you are creating the tools, but others are using them.Noah [00:11:05]: I was maybe thinking of having this conversation later, but one of the questions is like, is it actually you are going to be building them for your homeland, which you are building it for your homeland, which is I think, very a strong morally defensible position, but this technology is not going to stay with you, right?Noah [00:11:26]: This you will probably be selling these to other people Yeah. So the future is really where the moral issues may come into playYaroslav [00:11:38]: The this question becomes, easier and more complete if we ask this not about a particular technology or particular weapon, if we think that this question actually applies to any kind of technology Right? So -Knife or fire. You can use knife to do surgery and save people's lives, or you can use it as a weapon to take people's lives.Noah [00:12:06]: Cut tomatoes, too.Yaroslav [00:12:08]: Cut tomatoes too.Noah [00:12:09]: Yes, knife.Yaroslav [00:12:09]: That's helpful.Noah [00:12:10]: In Japan, sword and knife, they, call the same word.Yaroslav [00:12:14]: It's like, it's with any technology. Large language models, right? Look at how powerful they are and yet they're available to anyone in North Korea or in Russia.Yaroslav [00:12:29]: That's one side of the argument. The other side is As a maker, what is your responsibility for how the tools you're creating, will be used? There's definitely some responsibility, right? Then How should the decision process look like? Should you, like, try to calculate all the possible scenarios before starting to work on something? Or do you create something that is needed now to save people's lives, and then think about, addressing the unwanted edge cases later? In ideal world where there's like, or okay, it's not ideal world. In a mythical world where there is some one governing party and it gets to decide everything, and there is no other country, that can, decide on their own, you could say, “Well, we need to calculate for all the consequences, and only then, maybe build this building, by replacing this park because, maybe we need this park in the city,”right? So that kind of situation. But when you're in a situation where you're in a forest, in front of a wolf, you first going to deal with the wolf that wants to eat you, and then you're going to go consult Greenpeace. So that's kind of situation that Ukraine is in.The Fourth Law, Odd Systems, and Ukraine's Drone StackNoah [00:13:59]: Enough. Because this is a tech podcast, I did want to spend some time talking about, sort of the tech in that you've developed and what you've been working on. So can you explain, I guess, first of all, like, the problem that you were trying to solve from a technical standpoint? And I think, and then maybe, like, go into some of the solutions and some of the design process that led you from designing, little laser-guided, guiding lasers with a with an iPhone versus Having drones.Yaroslav [00:14:34]: Like, it so happened, that my partners and I, we sort of So I started one company called The Fourth Law, and its goal was and is to Make, massively scalable on-drone autonomy. And then In parallel with that together with my, Petcube co-founders, partners, and friends, we started another company called Odd Systems Which, was focused on making thermal cameras. Cameras, thermal cameras are seeing thermal radiation and are used to see at night. And we're now sort of those companies are getting closer and closer together and we're probably going to merge them. And this group of companies is currently the leading, team in on-drone AI and thermal imaging on the Ukrainian battlefield, and Likely one of the leading, if not the leading in the world. So We have these, like, three sort of business units, which are cameras, drone autonomy, and drones. So the cameras and drone autonomy sell daytime and nighttime cameras and different types of drone autonomous modules to other drone manufacturers, over 200 drone manufacturers in Ukraine. And then the UAV, business unit sells the drones themselves to the armed forces of Ukraine, Ukrainian government. And there are different types of drones. Those are sort of front strike, as we call them, so those are sort of FPV strike drones and the bombers, and then interceptors. And there are different kinds of interceptors. We do Shahed interceptors and we do ISR interceptors. We don't do the deep strike-FPV Drones, Interceptors, and Battery-Powered WarfareNoah [00:16:32]: What's an ISR interceptor?Yaroslav [00:16:33]: ISR is stands for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and those are basically drones which are which, Russians are using to watch over positions and then communicate where, the targets are coming.Noah [00:16:48]: It's a reconnaissance.Yaroslav [00:16:48]: That's, the ISR is sort of a classical term for a for a reconnaissance drone.Noah [00:16:53]: Are all of these battery-powered drones that you just described? ‘Cause I know that the sort of deep strike drones still have, like Some sort ofYaroslav [00:17:01]: Internal combustion engine?Noah [00:17:02]: Internal combustion engine. Are all the things you're talking about battery-powered?Yaroslav [00:17:06]: What we're working on is all battery-powered, right? We don't do the deep strikes, right? And then in terms of autonomy-Noah [00:17:12]: You can catch a Shahed with a battery-powered thing. It's not Fast to catch.Yaroslav [00:17:17]: No, absolutely. Look, Shahed interceptor, like ours, it's called Zero, it goes up to 326 kilometers per hour.Noah [00:17:26]: For reference, how fast is a Shahed?Yaroslav [00:17:28]: Eight, like, in internal phase it could be 280, but in cruise phase it's, like, 220-ish.Yaroslav [00:17:36]: Yeah. And sorry, I'm not like you can convert that into miles if you're interested.Noah [00:17:41]: No, that's fine.Noah [00:17:41]: Multiply by two thirds or point six or something.Yaroslav [00:17:44]: That's easy. Yeah, I was saying that for autonomy modules, right, we, -We make systems, autonomous systems for frontline, for interceptors and some for deep strikes as well, and then different levels of autonomy. So from terminal guidance, which is like lasts 500 meters, give or take, to autonomous bombing, to autonomous target detection, to autonomous navigation and all of that across day and night, different terrains, different time of the year, different platforms like quadcopters and fixed wing, and maybe some other platforms. So it's quite a wide variety of products. We also have like our own simulation. We have our own training school for the war fighters. And we're about to start construction of two, semiconductor plants to make, sensors for thermal cameras. So that's super exciting for me as a computer science guy is Doing semiconductors. Super cool.Noah [00:18:49]: Like in terms of kind of core drone technologies, you basically are one is an FPV replacement without fiber optics, and the other isYaroslav [00:18:59]: YouNoah [00:18:59]: Signal tracking with interceptorsYaroslav [00:19:00]: With or without fiber optics. Fiber optics Is just like, sort of a communication module.Yaroslav [00:19:05]: You can, you can use classical analog, video link and radio link. Those would be two separate radios. You can do digital, or you can do fiber optic, and then fiber optic Has its own advantages but also adds weight and decreases, the distance and decreases, how fast you can, sort of turn and With a drone. Yeah.Noah [00:19:33]: Do you need AI for fiber optic drones?Yaroslav [00:19:36]: Like you can use AI for fiber optic drones. AI replaces a human, right? Fiber optic is making your communication link more resilient. So those are slightly different goals. Like if you want, you can have, AI controlling hundreds of fiber optic drones instead of having 100 operators for each.Fiber Optics, Radio Horizons, and Terminal GuidanceNoah [00:20:03]: I guess I thought that the key reason that people moved to fiber optic drones was for like electronic, countermeasures. Or I guess to counter those.Yaroslav [00:20:13]: I think that's a correct assessment from sort of a public awareness standpoint. In practice it's somewhat more difficult Because besides electronic countermeasures, you have these issues of a radio horizon For FPV drones, which means that asYaroslav [00:20:36]: I believe Earth is round Some people disagree. But basically if you fly a drone and you have a land station over here and a drone flying over hereYaroslav [00:20:49]: If your drone is flying high, you have good direct radio visibility. If your drone goes low, and usually, Russian infantry and vehicles, they're on the ground and you want to hit them, you need to go low. Lower you go, maybe you'll get behind a hill or behind a forest, and if you're far enough, you'll just get behind the curvature of the earth. You get into what's called a radio shadow. And then That is a real bummer because for the last, be it 60 or 20 meters, you won't be able to see anything and it will be very difficult to hit the target. So to counter that what-- And then the distances that these FPV drones, act on they're, they can be quite large. So for example, here in the US there was this drone dominance program competition, and in drone dominance the furthest distance was about 10 kilometers.Noah [00:21:44]: What was drone dominance? What was that competition?Yaroslav [00:21:47]: Drone, the drone dominance is a is a program started, by the US government, to accelerate the development of drone technology here in the US.Noah [00:21:57]: Got it. And the longest range thing they were using was 10 kilometers.Yaroslav [00:22:00]: Was 10 kilometers, right. In Ukraine, like if your drone doesn't fly at least 20, 25, it just, no one's interested in it, and the usual hits are happening. It was like, okay, many hits are happening between 30 and 40 kilometers, and that's what expected from a regular 10-inch, FPV drone. So at that distance, even at altitudes of like 60 to 100 meters, you might start losing, the link. So some of the earlier AI technology that was fielded in FPV drone was this terminal guidance technology. That was the first product that we ever, launched that helped you as an operator, once you see the target from two, three, 500 meters, you lock onto the target and then, it just, drives the drone towards the target no matter what, even after you lost the visual connection. So optic fiber solves that. However, if you want to go like 20 kilometers with optic fiber, that will add an extra three kilos, of useful weight to your drone. SoNoah [00:23:12]: ‘Cause the cable that you have to unspool as you go weighs.Noah [00:23:15]: It is heavy.Yaroslav [00:23:15]: At first, like the spool is about 800 grams, so a bit less than a kilo, and then, and then think about 10, 10 kilometer optic fiber is another kilo, something like that. That takes away from your useful mass and then now you have like, you need a 15-inch drone and it can only carry maybe one or two kilos of explosives if you want to go, 20 kilometers. If you want to go to 30 or 40, like 30 is probably max. 40 is like very problem problematic on optic fiber. And then the problem with optic fiber is it's actually getting super expensive. So and why? Because of all the data centers for AI. That's literally the same optic fiber-Noah [00:24:01]: We're running out of centersYaroslav [00:24:02]: That's being used there.Yaroslav [00:24:02]: Like when Ukrainians and Russians come to Chinese factories to buy the optic fiber, they're like, “We're out. We sold it out to the Americans.”? That's the craziest thing. So optic fiber went up in price from like, $4 per, kilometer to like, $32 per kilometer in a few months in the beginning of this year. And I'veBrandon [00:24:26]: Claude Code is stopping the Russian drone effort here.Yaroslav [00:24:30]: Ukrainian as well. Yeah.Brandon [00:24:31]: Ukrainian. But I read somewhere that the Russians had grown more dependent on fiber optic drones relative to the Ukrainians, and that's one reason why the Ukrainians have sort of regained the initiative in drones recently.Brandon [00:24:42]: How accurate's that?Yaroslav [00:24:43]: The Russians were the first ones to scale that. I think by as of now, Ukraine has caught up. I think, like, as of maybe three months ago, Ukraine is mostly caught up on fiber optic. Yeah.Brandon [00:24:57]: What percent of damage would you say is in terms of FPV drone damage would you say is now fiber optic versus, like autonomous?FPVs as the New God of War: Tanks, Artillery, and Cost per KillYaroslav [00:25:07]: For our, for our audience, I actually, I cannot answer that question. Like, it's like I know the answer, but I would not disclose that. But for our audience, I think another interesting fact is out of all the casualties on the front line Between 70 and 80% are done by FPV drones.Brandon [00:25:30]: FPV drones are the new weapon of universal weapon of warfare.Yaroslav [00:25:34]: It'sBrandon [00:25:35]: Land warfare, anywayYaroslav [00:25:35]: They used to say that artillery is a god of war because artillery used to cause, like 80% of casualties, and now On that ranking-Brandon [00:25:46]: FPVYaroslav [00:25:47]: FPV drones rule.Brandon [00:25:48]: FPV drones are the god of war.Yaroslav [00:25:51]: Sort of. Dethroned artillery. But it's not to say that artillery is not useful, is not needed. Like, all of these systems are needed. Maybe except cavalry, although Russians still use it. I know, have you seen the videos of Russians using mules and horses?Brandon [00:26:09]: What is the usefulness-Yaroslav [00:26:10]: It'Brandon [00:26:10]: Of a tank in the in the modern-Yaroslav [00:26:11]: That's where we need Greenpeace to say a word, but they're silent. Yeah.Brandon [00:26:15]: What's the use of a tank on the modern battlefield?Yaroslav [00:26:21]: It's diminishing.Brandon [00:26:22]: Diminishing.Yaroslav [00:26:22]: However, I think there might be technologies which will, revive the tank. Look, tank still provides you armor, and armor is important. Like, you still need to armor and firepower, right? Like, you can be an armor personal carrier that provides you, armor. The challenge that currently exists is armor is not very well protected against incoming drones. However, there are ways to do to protect it. We were previously talking about this before the podcast. The CEO of Rheinmetall, recently sort of ridiculed, Ukrainian drone industry, saying that like, there is nothing interesting there, no real innovation, no to stand Compared to like, Rheinmetall or Boeing, and it's all made by housewives. There was like, obviously a ton of memes about this people ridiculing the CEO of Rheinmetall. And one of the best quotes, I heard on this topic is from my friend, Alexey Babenko, who's, the head of and founder of VIARI Drone, which is one of the largest manufacturers of FPV drones. They're our partner. They're using our autonomy. So he said that the drones we manufacture in one day will be more than enough to destroy all the tanks Rheinmetall manufactures in a year.Yaroslav [00:27:52]: Then, yeah, cost-wise, of course, a drone is like, $500 and a Rheinmetall tank is what, probably 5 million-ish or maybe more.Brandon [00:28:00]: Don't mess with those housewives.Yaroslav [00:28:03]: Drone wives.Brandon [00:28:04]: Drone wives.Yaroslav [00:28:06]: That's it.Noah [00:28:06]: There's a classic saying that everyone always fights the last war.Noah [00:28:12]: Yet do How did So from your standpoint, how did we get to the point where tanks became irrelevant in at least for now In a matter of just a few years?Yaroslav [00:28:24]: Look, I think it's the same way, how do we get to the point that calculators become irrelevant?Yaroslav [00:28:31]: Now we have iPhones. Like, why would you need a calculator? Technology progresses and its influence grows non-linearly. It's all exponential. So I can tell you that full autonomy, when you put it on a drone Look, so if you, if you think about a tank and a like, it's not a direct comparison, but even, like, a drone and a artillery shell or like, sort of cost per kill, an artillery shell for 155 caliber, which is a standard NATO caliber Currently market price is about $4,000 per piece. So compare that to say, $400 per drone. That's 10 times more expensive. Account for the amortization of the artillery gun and for how vulnerable it is and what is the sort of tactical, capabilities it gives you as compared to a drone. You'll figure out that an FPV drone is maybe three orders of magnitude, more versatile, more useful, more capable than artillery and many of than a classic artillery. Many of Because there are different types of artillery. Not just, like, one 155. You have mortars, you have all that. But give or take, roughly three orders of magnitude maybe. Again, it doesn't have that firepower. It's not one-to-one comparison still.Yaroslav [00:29:53]: Now, take that FPV drone. When you put full autonomy on that FPV drone, which can be not very expensive, like systems that we're, producing are like, in hundreds of dollars of pure bombFull Autonomy: From Human Pilots to Smartphone-Directed Drone MissionsNoah [00:30:06]: Just interrupt. You said full autonomy Just a second ago you were saying that the autonomy here is guidance, right? It's not decision-making.Yaroslav [00:30:14]: No, I was I was saying that's the f-First and sort of easiest pieces of autonomy that was fielded by us. But if you, if you add full autonomy to a droneBrandon [00:30:24]: He, I think he's asking what does it can you, for the listeners, can you explain What the term full autonomy means?Yaroslav [00:30:29]: Basically, I think a good way to think about an FPV drone is like an iPhone of warfare. It's, like, very inexpensive, very mass producible, very versatile. You don't need a bunch of other things when you have a iPhone in your pocket. You don't have, need an MP3 player, you don't need a calculator, don't need other things. All right? So FPV drone is an iPhone. Or like, okay, Apple please don't sue me, is a smartphone. And then, when you add autonomy to it sort of becomes like Uber or ride sharing. Okay? So what it means is instead of actually being a trained pilot who has this complex remote controller device which requires a couple months of training to actually pilot the drone, and then having to pilot it for 30 minutes, flying towards the target, et cetera, et cetera, now you basically, you have your smartphone, you have a drone, you pick your smartphone, you say, “We are here. The bad guys are here. Go and get them.” And the drone goes up, flies in a given direction, localizes itself on the map, finds the dedicated area where they, the bad guys are supposed to be sees the bad guys, bombs them, return, like, watches, so does a damage assessment, returns back, sits down, and then you can pick it up and watch the video if you didn't have the radio link, right?Noah [00:31:59]: That's a bomber drone.Yaroslav [00:32:00]: That's full autonomy for a bomber drone, right?Noah [00:32:03]: You're saying that no human decision is made in this entire process?Brandon [00:32:06]: That's not, that's not what he's saying.Yaroslav [00:32:07]: A human decision was made at the beginning of the process-Noah [00:32:09]: I get it. I get itYaroslav [00:32:09]: The same way as you would fire an artillery.Yaroslav [00:32:12]: When you fire an artillery, you don't stop at like, 500 meters away from a target and ask it whether, you want to strike or not. That's exactly, a human decision is always made at some point. So when you do that's full autonomy, and such full autonomy is happening as we speak. And such full autonomy increases the capabilities of an FPV drone, which is already, like, three orders more powerful than an artillery shell. Full autonomy increases its capabilities by four orders of magnitude because now you can have 100 times as many people who can use it, because you don't need to train those people, and this is important. You can have 10 times, mission success rate, and you can have 10 times utility per drone because now instead of being one-way kamikaze, it's, it can be a bomber.Brandon [00:33:05]: Now wait, let's, you said 10 times mission success rate, which means that fully autonomous bomber drones succeed in their missions 10 times more often than human piloted bomber drones do. That's an important thing to know.Noah [00:33:17]: Maybe, to push back onBrandon [00:33:19]: They're super, they're superhuman. They're, they' 10X superhuman.Yaroslav [00:33:22]: They're not vulnerable to electronic warfare. They don't care about the radio horizon. They don't lose track during navigation. They are not susceptible to human error when, an artillery shell or other drone blows up besides you and you're like, “Hell no,”like, “I'm getting out of here.” Right? That doesn't happen to an autonomous drone. Like, all of those things. Like, we have, like, one of the brigades that's using our drones with just first level autonomy They literally said that their success rates-Brandon [00:33:53]: What's first level autonomy?Yaroslav [00:33:54]: First level autonomy is just the terminal guidance.Yaroslav [00:33:57]: By the way, we have video of that. We can watch that.Brandon [00:33:59]: Terminal guidance means a human gets it nearby and then the AI takes over.Yaroslav [00:34:03]: The human flies it all the way, like 30 kilometers towards the target, and obviously the target was probably given to that human by someone who's flying some ISR drone, some reconnaissance drone, right? So all the way to the target, and once you see the target from a distance of 500 meters, you do target lock, and from there drone flies autonomous. So just that feature alone, it has increased the guy's, his call sign is Grom, so it has increased his, mission success rate, like precision of mission, yeah, mission success rate from 20% to 71%, and it also increased his kill zone from three kilometers to 10 kilometers, which means there's certain area around the front line which is designated kill zone. Whenever enemy goes into that area, it's almost guaranteed to be to be destroyed by a drone. And then obviously the drones are not launched from like, the zero line. They're usually launched from like, minus 10 kilometer-Mission Success, Failure Modes, and the Five Levels of AutonomyBrandon [00:35:03]: What is a zero line?Yaroslav [00:35:05]: Zero line is sort of an imaginary line of control, of two conflicting forces.Brandon [00:35:14]: It's important to explain these things to a lot of the listeners who areYaroslav [00:35:17]: Thank you for askingBrandon [00:35:18]: Familiar with warfare.Noah [00:35:20]: Myself.Noah [00:35:20]: I'm one of those listeners.Brandon [00:35:20]: You said that level one autonomy, in other words just terminal guidance, just, like, human gets it to the finish line and then it goes over the finish line, increases mission success from 20 something percent to 71%, or something like that.Yaroslav [00:35:33]: Increases the kill zoneBrandon [00:35:34]: Increases the kill zoneYaroslav [00:35:34]: Three kilometers to 10 kilometers.Brandon [00:35:36]: Got it.Yaroslav [00:35:36]: On both parameters-Brandon [00:35:37]: What is full autonomy, dude? AndNoah [00:35:38]: Actually on real quick, can we define mission success and like, maybe in a way, what are the failure modes of missions?Brandon [00:35:44]: I have a guess what mission success is.Noah [00:35:46]: But I couldBrandon [00:35:47]: Get ‘em.Yaroslav [00:35:49]: No, but that's a very good question, in fact, because, even if you fly into the target, well, first the target can be damaged or destroyed. Those are two different modes. Then there can be different targets. A sole infantryman is one kind of target. A dugout where supposed there are some, enemies there is another kind of target, and a some mechanical equipment is another type of target. Radio emitting equipment, which, like, often, like, the targets that the military want to get more than anything else is the some enemy radio tower or something like that or some small radio dish that really makes life difficult in that area, in that combat area. So those are different targets, right? It can be destroyed, can be damaged.Then sometimes, the drone hits but doesn't explode. Like, that happens. And then, there are other failure modes. You didn't even reach the target because you were A jammed by electronic warfare; B, you lost the control over drone because of the radio horizon; C, you were jammed by a different type of electronic warfare that happens way before You hit the target area. It's, impacting your, video receiver. So like jamming on video or jamming on control are two different types of jamming. Then something malfunctioned on a drone, just a mechanical malfunction, maybe like a motor broke or like, whatever. So all of those are different failure modes. Yeah, or maybe you got lost, you're navigate navigating to your, to your target. That happens, too.Noah [00:37:41]: The Level one autonomy, basically you manage to point in a direction.Noah [00:37:49]: You go there, and then the last mile The drone taking over.Yaroslav [00:37:52]: We define this like, I define that but it sort of got picked up by the industry. We define five levels of autonomy. So level one is terminal guidance. It's what we just discussed. Level two is bombing. Level three is autonomous target detection and engagement decision. Level four is autonomous navigation. And level five is autonomous takeoff and landing.Noah [00:38:15]: Those are good things to knowYaroslav [00:38:16]: Those are five levels of autonomy. Now, if youNoah [00:38:19]: I have a question for you.Yaroslav [00:38:19]: Sorry. Like, let me finish withNoah [00:38:21]: SorryYaroslav [00:38:21]: Theoretical part.Noah [00:38:23]: What is Tesla running at right now?Yaroslav [00:38:25]: Tesla?Noah [00:38:25]: No, sorry.Yaroslav [00:38:26]: That's very good point. Like, it's exactly, it was inspired by the levels of self-driving autonomy.Noah [00:38:32]: Waymo's level five, right?Noah [00:38:35]: You just tell it where you want to go, it picks you up, and then you go there.Yaroslav [00:38:36]: I think, like, if you, if you look at the classic definitions of self-driving cars, Waymo is still, like, level four because it still requires even remote, but still, like, human control. It's like if Waymo gets in trouble, there is an operator who takes over and resolves this. So that would still be a level four. It doesn't map directly, but it's also five levels.Brandon [00:38:58]: Can I, can I interject a question here? In terms of an FPV drone that's like a suicide drone that'll just blow itself up killing something, how do what it hit? Like, does it, just transmit back, or do you sort of like, lose track of it and hope it hit? Like, what happens to that?Yaroslav [00:39:16]: That's a great question. SoBrandon [00:39:18]: You need another droneYaroslav [00:39:19]: Like, the current battlefield in Ukraine is saturated with different types of drones. So obviously you have all the FPV drones and last year alone, Ukraine manufactured about 4 million of these, and then Russia's maybe, like, 20% less than that. And for this year, the publicly voiced target was 7 million on Ukrainian side. So it's, like, serious numbers. We're getting in serious numbers here. And then besides those, there are different, reconnaissance drones, ISR as we call them, and there are sort of tactical level ISR where we, both Ukrainians and Russians usually use, Mavic, drone by DJI. And then there are a bunch of locally produced drones, which are sort of fixed wing drones that can stay in the air for much longer than Mavic, maybe, like, half an hour. And then, there are drones that can stay for many hours or even up to a day. And those drones have, are more expensive, have more expensive cameras, et cetera, et cetera. We hunt those drones that Russians launch. The Russians hunt our drones, and so on. But ideally, when you, are a group of soldiers operating an FPV, you'll have someone in your, company, or someone in your platoon who has an ISR asset that will do target designation for you. They'll say, “Oh, like, there's a Russian vehicle over there. Go and get him.”and you go there, you get it, and they're like, “Okay, confirmed.”Battlefield Surveillance and the Eight Dimensions of AutonomyBrandon [00:40:57]: Those guys are watching. They have their own drones in the sky.Yaroslav [00:40:59]: Target destroyed. They have, like, a carousel of drones because One Mavic cannot stay more than 30 minutes. ItBrandon [00:41:06]: They're constantly surveilling the battlefield.Yaroslav [00:41:07]: Almost every spot on the battlefield.Yaroslav [00:41:11]: It's not always the case. Sometimes you will not have a surveillance asset, so then you would launch another FPV just to confirm that there was a hit. Then if you see there was a hit and you're not sure if it completely destroyed, you maybe hit again for good measure.Brandon [00:41:26]: You double tap.Yaroslav [00:41:28]: That's how it works. But I was about to give you another sort of piece of taxonomy. So you have five levels of autonomy, right? Then you have sort of eight dimensions of autonomous battlefield. So what is eight dimensions? It's crucial to understand how autonomy evolves in a modern, battlefield environment. So dimension number one is level of autonomy. What are the capabilities that your asset has? Dimension number two is the platform you're operating on. So it can be a quadcopter, a fixed wing drone, different types of maybe, like, a long range drone or short range drone, but it can also be a missile. You can have autonomy even on an artillery shell or a ground vehicle or a sea vehicle. So all of those are different platforms. Level three would be domain. So it's ground to ground or ground to air as an intersection, or ground to sea or sea to air. They're all, like, all the nuances with different domains. Then level four, would be higher levels of autonomy, such as swarming, drone carriers, drone nests, et cetera.Brandon [00:42:39]: Now when you're saying level, you're talking about dimensions, not about-Yaroslav [00:42:42]: Sorry. YeahBrandon [00:42:43]: Autonomy levels. So dimension four.Yaroslav [00:42:43]: The dimension. Yeah, I used to say I was supposed to say dimension. I say dimension because each of them works with another, right? So you might have, like third level autonomy, fixed wing drone operating in land to air, and stuff like that right? And then operating in a swarm or operating from a nest. Right? Then you have, sort of dimension number five is environment. So is it day or night? Is it summer or winter? Is it, humid, cold, dry? What kind of target is it? Is your target hiding in a forest, or is it, behind a hill or within buildings? So all of that is environment. Then you have, dimension number six is command and control. How are you dealing with or like, tens of thousands of those assets around the battlefield? How are you coordinating that on the higher levels of command? How are you collecting data? All that.Yaroslav [00:43:44]: Dimension number seven would be infrastructure, so things like simulation, data collection tools, security, deployment mechanisms, et cetera. So all those systems have to be developed separately and integrate with all the others. And finally, dimension number eight is sort of distribution. Have you deployed 100 of these systems or 100,000 of these systems? Because those are two very different ballgames. So that now gives you a more broad overview of how autonomy propagates across the battle space.Targeting, Human Responsibility, and Rules of EngagementNoah [00:44:23]: As someone who has done machine learning and had gone out of distribution and had things, go horribly wrong, you were talking several of these, kind of axes of thinking about drone warfare seem like they could be very susceptible to some sort of distribution shift if you start making things autonomous.Yaroslav [00:44:41]: Like what?Noah [00:44:41]: I mean Well, first ofYaroslav [00:44:43]: If the I'm very interested Sort of sort of kinds of scenarios that you're thinking about.Noah [00:44:48]: Like the most obvious one is you, if I assume these are computer vision guided systems for at least the last mile, how do you ensure that oh, well, like you now have some fog roll in or something, and you, the drones just attack the wrong thing? Or maybe, it probably will not turn around and fly back and attack you, but youYaroslav [00:45:10]: Same, the same, the same question, how do you ensure that your mortar fire hits the right thing? Well, it's like mortar fire, give or take half a kilometer could be plus or minus. So maybe you fire one, and then you fire another. So drones are actually, much better in being precise in those scenarios. And I think, to your point, I think five to 10 years from now it will be immoral to use weapons without AI.Yaroslav [00:45:44]: ‘Cause weapons without AI will be more likely to cause, collateral damage or unwanted damage. Same way, it will be immoral to drive your own car manually on a public road because it's more likely to cause, unwanted damage.Noah [00:46:02]: Wow, I never considered that mightBrandon [00:46:04]: Really? That's definitely coming.Yaroslav [00:46:07]: Anyway.Brandon [00:46:07]: No, but that' I don't know, it's an obvious, an obvious thought. I agree with you.Brandon [00:46:12]: I, No, they, obviously they're not going to let you drive once most of the cars on the road are autonomous.Noah [00:46:17]: No, that one, don't I believe.Yaroslav [00:46:19]: No, I think you were you were talking about drones, right?Brandon [00:46:21]: The drones, right. Cool.Yaroslav [00:46:22]: The weapons, right?Brandon [00:46:23]: Friendly fire and collateral damage and stuff like that is all minimized with AI.Brandon [00:46:27]: Here's my question. Take all let's go to level six autonomy. Let's take all of the target selection. Let's take all the battlefield data, integrate it into one big AI, and have that big AI basically be in command of the battlefield And agentically do target selection.Yaroslav [00:46:44]: Be the general, right?Brandon [00:46:44]: It's a general. It's, you've cut humans out of the loop except maybe as dexterous robots, repairing drones and fastening things to drones or maybe something like that because you don't have those robots yet. How soon are we there? AI general.Yaroslav [00:46:58]: The most important thing to ask ourselves is who will be faster to that us or our adversaries?Brandon [00:47:07]: I assume us, but how fast will we be to that? I hope us.Yaroslav [00:47:11]: I hope so too.Brandon [00:47:12]: How fast can we Like when are we looking at that in terms of like horizons years?Yaroslav [00:47:18]: Like technically, it could be done now. The question is of course, there's, some engineering work to be done. The bigger challenge is deployment. Right? So okay, technically Like operation in Iran, right? They, the publicly, it was claimed that I think Palantir system was used for target designation, et cetera, et cetera. So it is not exactly as you say, the AI makes all the decisions, but basically AI goes through all the data you have, gives you these 1,027 different targets and says, “You-- To confirm, please press Okay.” And you look at the targets and you're like, “Yeah, sounds right. Press Okay.”so that's, I think that's where we are now already, or we were a couple weeks ago as we're recording this on April 10th. Another question is how massively deployable it is. Is it, like, every decision being made like that or is it, like, just some of the decisions made like that? And then different levels of command and control. There you have, like, the platoon, the company level, the battalion, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. But the tricky thing here when we get into that territory, the tricky thing is If your enemy is getting advantage of being Thousand times faster than yourself by deploying such systems What do you do?Yaroslav [00:49:10]: You got to-Brandon [00:49:12]: The if the enemy is a thousand times faster than you at deploying those systems?Yaroslav [00:49:16]: Like, if enemy starts deploying level six autonomy, as you call And you have not started doingBrandon [00:49:22]: You're in troubleYaroslav [00:49:23]: Yes, exactly. So you have to catch up. So my point is that it is very important to think about the safety of these systems, but that thinking should not slow you down in developing them because they are critical for your existential, survival, right? And like, one person who doesn't think, doesn't get to think about the ethics of the war is a dead person. That person surely doesn't get to think about that.Brandon [00:49:52]: What would be the safety risk of such a system?Yaroslav [00:49:55]: Of course-Brandon [00:49:56]: Friendly fire?Yaroslav [00:49:56]: Just wrong decisions, right?Brandon [00:49:59]: I see.Yaroslav [00:49:59]: Maybe, these decisions-AI Command Decisions, Dead Zones, and Complex BattlefieldsBrandon [00:50:06]: Skynet AI decides it's going to useYaroslav [00:50:08]: No, these-Brandon [00:50:08]: Drone army to kill usYaroslav [00:50:09]: Decisions will not only be made about drones. They are likely to made about what the humans should do on your side as well. Then obviously some environments are more like Ukrainian-Russian war, where you haveBrandon [00:50:26]: It will have to choose to risk lives. It will have to choose to sacrifice human lives-Yaroslav [00:50:28]: Of courseBrandon [00:50:29]: On your side.Yaroslav [00:50:29]: Of course. And then some environments are just, like, dead, like, dead zones and there are no civilians there, or virtually no civilians close to the front line because, like, super dangerous. Everyone has evacuated from there. But there are other environments which are more like, okay, there's a counterterrorist operation. There's, like, a group of terrorists or a group of civilians. Or like, it's like the recent operations in Iran, I imagine that the US and Israeli forces do not want to harm civilians. They only targeted the military targets there, right? So in those situations, it's a different level of responsibility for that decision-making as well. And then there is just such a big variety of those military missions, and I'm not even, like, well-informed or well-educated in military science to tell you about all those scenarios. We would need to put some general besides me, and maybe a Ukraine general and American general would have told you very different stories about these things.Brandon [00:51:34]: Got it. Can I ask a few more questions? All right. So in 2013, I wrote one of my first, paid articles ever was about how the era of drones will change human society. I was just sitting around bored thinking about things.Yaroslav [00:51:54]: You were way ahead of your time.Brandon [00:51:55]: I said, I said, “The following will happen.”Yaroslav [00:51:57]: It's, this article is real. I've read it.Yaroslav [00:51:58]: It's actually-Brandon [00:51:59]: I said small autonomous, suicide drones, will cleanse the battlefield of human infantry. Human infantry will not be able to stand against swarms of AI-powered, suicide drones. That was I didn't even know about, like, AlexNet at the time, I think.Yaroslav [00:52:19]: You're just an avid sci-fi reader.Brandon [00:52:23]: I'm an avid sci-fi reader, but also, like, it's not Like, there will be a way to do that. It's a it's a nonlinear multidimensional search problem, and you get enough compute, you'll find some search algorithm that will get you there. And soBrandon [00:52:38]: I, yeah, I think that one sentence describes the bitter lesson right there.Brandon [00:52:41]: It's just like it's a multidimensional search space. You search it somehow. I don't know. Figure out some get a grad student-Yaroslav [00:52:47]: Sooner or laterBrandon [00:52:47]: To make a search algorithm.Brandon [00:52:48]: It's not that hard. Anyway, so but then, but I guess the point is The point is that human infantry on the battlefield will be will be gone at the end. I wrote that in 2013. Many people on social media laughed at me for that called me hysterical, said things like, “Electronic warfare will knock all the drones out of the sky.”like, “You need humans to hold ground.”that's something you still hear from a lot of people on social media today. I feel that this article that I've written has never been directionally wrong. It has gotten more and more right steadily over time, and that we're very reading the battlefield reports from Ukraine, where, human infantry are basically guy, like a few guys hiding in dugouts for months, and I'm not sure what they're doing.Yaroslav [00:53:35]: That's on Ukraine's side. On the Russian side, that's just like a zerg rush.Brandon [00:53:38]: The zerg rush, and then they just die. Then, but they have some guys in dugouts too, right? Like hiding in dugouts for months.Yaroslav [00:53:45]: They have. Yeah.Brandon [00:53:45]: Like, but that like, what are those guys doing in the dugouts? Are providing, like, frontline, like, reconnaissance? Like, what are they doing?Yaroslav [00:53:54]: If there is a guy in a dugout with some bullets and automatic weapon, the other guy cannot come and take the that dugout. That'Brandon [00:54:07]: I seeYaroslav [00:54:08]: They are they're establishing control over territory.Brandon [00:54:10]: I see. So that is so there still is a use for human infantry on the battlefield as of today.Yaroslav [00:54:15]: LikeBrandon [00:54:15]: How long will that last?Yaroslav [00:54:17]: I think it will last for a while. This is funny. There's this whole Layer of the modern culture, a modern Ukraine culture built around the war-related stuff. So there is this -Punk rock band, that is called SZC, I guess in English that would be. Which stands short for like a deserter or something like that. So anyhow, this band has a song titled “2030.” It's basically about the year 2030, and the war still goes on as like the whatever, third world war or whatever. And they basically, they, sang about the AI and like cyborgs and everything, but the simple infantry is still needed, and we're still, like, getting cold in those dugouts, and we're still doing our job. That's sort of the theme of the song. And it seems like that's actually what's going to happen. There areGround Robots, Simulation, and the Limits of World ModelsBrandon [00:55:30]: Ground robots will not replace humans in the dugouts soon.Yaroslav [00:55:34]: I'm very much interested in following the whole humanoid robot theme andBrandon [00:55:39]: What about like a dog robot?Noah [00:55:41]: Or just mobile controlled platforms or something.Brandon [00:55:44]: Spider robot, yeah.Brandon [00:55:45]: Everything evolves into a crab.Brandon [00:55:46]: You build a crab robot.Yaroslav [00:55:47]: A humanoid-Noah [00:55:48]: The carcinization of warfare.Yaroslav [00:55:51]: There is a lot of utility in humanoid robots because the world is designed around humanoids. So I would not, like, 100% disqualify the possibility that sometimes 10 years in the future, humanoid robots, will be actually fighting. So that's an actual Terminator kind of scenario.Brandon [00:56:14]: Yeah, in the first Terminator movie, you look at what they've got on the battlefield, they've got flying bomber drones and humanoid robots.Yaroslav [00:56:20]: Look, the cost of large language models of running them is getting so low, you can have basically an inexpensive computer running, what was a state-of-the-art model a year and a half ago, running it locally on a device with an open source model, which also means that the Chinese can have it, the Russians can have it, the North Koreans can have it, et cetera. So that is already possible. And with when we're looking at the acceleration of the neural nets, I would've, if not the acceleration of the large language models, I would've said that I don't think that humanoid robots will be able to be useful in the battlefield earlier than in 10 years. But if you account for the exponential, it might be five years or so. The problem with all of the autonomous systems, and it's like starts with self-driving cars and even with all the AI, like modern day AI agents, to make them really, useful, you have to solve such a long tail of edge cases, that it's really difficult to make them useful. Like we were promised, self-driving cars, what, like 2007, Sebastian Thrun and Google, and even before that all the challenges, everything. And Elon of course told us it's going to be one year from 2014, and now we still don't have self-driving Teslas everywhere. We have Waymos in SF and some other places, but they're still, like, not perfect. So I think, I expect something similar from self-flying drones and fully autonomous drones, and we saw that firsthand as with each level of autonomy that we're adding, there is a very wide distance between a prototype and something that is ready to be scaled to millions of units and something that has been scaled to millions of units. But the race with like AI coding tools is just insane. So things might accelerate very fast, faster than we can imagine.Noah [00:58:46]: I think your point is that with due to this long tail behavior Level one autonomy as you've defined it, is actually very natural. Like you basically are just solving an image recognition and tracking system.Yaroslav [00:59:02]: It's actually interesting that you say it that way, and I thought about this the very same way, and we have this joke that there are like 200 companies in Ukraine which are trying to solve last mile, targeting or terminal guidance. It seems like we're like the only company that actually solved that because even that problem-Noah [00:59:22]: I'm not saying it's, I'm not saying it's trivial, but it's at least something that you imagine given our current state.Yaroslav [00:59:26]: Like us and Eric Schmidt, like Eric Schmidt's companies are pretty good.Yaroslav [00:59:29]: Like, I actually have lots of respect to what they're doing, and they're, they have been practically influential and helpful on the battlefield, and they have good engineering.Noah [00:59:38]: I wasn't, I wasn't saying it's trivial. I'm just saying this is a something naturally adaptive based upon things that we know work, well. But some of the other domains that where you do have to make decisions and you have a long tail become much harder, and you worry about edge cases more.Yaroslav [00:59:57]: Like the more, the more complex behavior you're trying to simulate, the more edge cases there are right? The more ways to do it wrong there are. And then there are different approaches. It's like if you think about, if you read academic papers about robotics, right? You sort of the robot is represented as something that has the sort of sensor input, and then you have three, levels of sort of logics or decision-making, which are perception, planning, and control, and then you have actuators as output.So pre-neural nets, you would do perception output and control all with classic logics, right? Then, with AlexNet and computer vision, you could do perception with neural nets and the rest with logic. You cannot currently do each of those separately with neural nets, each of those separately with logics, or you can just have one huge neural net that just takes lots of sensory data. It's not just pixels. Could be sound, could be accelerometer, could be everything, as input, and just outputs the controls. And some of the self-driving car companies are doing that or like, experimenting between different ways of doing that. So you can also, like, think about that and the way you implement those features, also influences how much degrees of freedom the system would have, right? Like control, you can do it classical algorithmic control with common filters and PAD filter, PAD controllers, et cetera, or you can do a neural net, that was trained in a gym with a reinforcement learning, et cetera. And those would be two different behaviors of a system.Noah [01:01:53]: I-- Maybe my point was just much more high level. It'Yaroslav [01:01:56]: Or you can If you go even like, if you go high level, you can, you can like train to like have whatever, like Feifei Li and folks who are doing like physical, sortBrandon [01:02:08]: World modelsYaroslav [01:02:08]: World models, right, physical intelligence, they're trying to make these big models and sort of understand the world and then supposedly you have such model and you can tell a drone, “Okay, like, go over that hill and like, find the bad guys and then get them,”or “Make me a video, make me a photo of the guy smiling and get back to me.” Right? That's one way. Another way you have like these subsystems, like one is navigation, another is finding the person, another is like getting to them to take a photo. And those are again, very different behaviors. And then it's not that one is necessarily better than the other, and we might have more technological ability to do one or another. But all of those systems will exist. And then again, you should always keep in mind that it's only the not only the good guys that are developing these systems, the bad guys are developing these systems as well.China's Drone Supply Chain and the West's Manufacturing GapNoah [01:03:00]: I guess where I'm going with this back to Noah's original thought with the end of the end of the soldier. And so in order to replace-Brandon [01:03:10]: Or at least the end of the rifleman.Noah [01:03:11]: Or the end of the rifleman, yeah.Yaroslav [01:03:13]: I'm not seeing that very close, and it was like I'm, as much as I'm a lover of sci-fi and all of that and a technologist, the more I try to beYaroslav [01:03:27]: Like the I try to have certain humility about these things, and like the military, domain and there was just so much human history and blood and tears, dedicated to sort of understanding this art of war and perfecting it and so on. There is so much knowledge in there that I don't feel like I even started to comprehend, a lot of that. But one thing that I really understood is that even though drones are now making eighty percent of the casualties, you go to the actual officers, you talk to the actual, like, brigade commanders, corps commanders, and they explain to you, how all of it fits together, how when you're thinking about an operation that involves a couple thousand people to get this piece of land, out of the enemy's hands, deoccu deoccupy it, how it is so complex, it involves, dozens of different types of drones and then land operations and reconnaissance operations, psychological operations and then aviations and tanks and logistics and all kinds of these different assets. So modern warfare is really very complex, and the fact that the drones are the latest, coolest thing, and then the AI is latest, coolest thing, doesn't mean that now it's that and only that right? So yeah. Whoever's looking into that I think should realize that it's not just what the press talks about, that the reality is much more difficult, much more complex.Brandon [01:05:17]: Let's talk about China and China's manufacturing capabilities. So suppose that someone, like suppose the United States went to war with China. AndYaroslav [01:05:26]: I hope not.Brandon [01:05:27]: I hope not as well. And then but suppose that drones were very essential to that war of all the types of drones that we're talking about here, and that suppose that China said, “All right, well, you need X and Y and Z, to make those drones to fight us, and we control the production of X and Y and Z, so we're just going to cut you right off, and now you have no drones.”Brandon [01:05:47]: I know that a number of countries, including Ukraine and Taiwan, have been making moves to China-proof their drone productions that China couldn't do that. Examples of things they might be able to cut off might include rare earths, fiber optic cable that you were talking about before, various other things that where even if they don't control one hundred percent of the production, they control enough of the production that would be extremely expensive to produce it without relying on Chinese sources. Or the market's fragmented enough, et cetera. What do you see as China's key bottlenecks, and how easy are those to overcome in terms of China-proofing drone production in case of a war against China?Yaroslav [01:06:30]: Let me start with a saying that -Although China does not sell directly to Ukraine and it does sell directly to Russia, a lot of Ukrainian supply chains, they start in China, right?Yaroslav [01:06:49]: We're not in a conflict with China, and we would not want to be in a conflict with China. And we'd hope that China stays a neutral power between Ukraine and Russia and the US as well. That said, the scenario that you're describing, everything is much worse.Yaroslav [01:07:11]: Think about this. Last year, Ukraine produced four million FPV drones. Ukraine is not the most industrious nation in the world.Yaroslav [01:07:19]: China can produce four billion of these FPV drones.Yaroslav [01:07:23]: China can make them not drones with propellers, but fixed-wing drones, which go not forty kilometers far, but maybe two to three hundred kilometers inland.

8/16: David Daoud explains the IDF was caught off guard by Hezbollah's innovative use of fiber-optic and FPV drones. Despite these threats, the Israeli public largely favors continuing military operations to secure borders.1905 MAP

Preview for Later Today: Guest David Daoud. Daoud analyzes how Hezbollah utilizes inexpensive FPV and fiber optic drones to bypass Israel's advanced technological defenses. He notes the IDF currently lacks effective responses to these low-cost, under-the-radar warfare tactics. 1/3

On today's show, we hear that Benton County leaders have decided to squash a plan to create an industrial development authority. We also learn about a team that worked on a project in 1970 that changed so much of what we do now. Plus, we look ahead at the first full week of the Arkansas Legislature's fiscal session.

February 27, 2026: Co-Packaged OpticsGenerative AI is getting very demanding.It's become extremely power-hungry, and that's pushing the physical limits of what today's highest-performing chips are even capable of.One potential solution is co-packaged optics, which involves integrating fiber-optic transmitters directly into the chip. It's a great way to avoid much of the heat and signal degradation that traditionally comes from moving data across inefficient copper wires.Overall, that improves computing performance and uses less power. Which is a big win for this entire sector!But there are also significant costs associated with this new advanced packaging technology. Will the hyperscalers be willing to foot the bill, as the pace of their data center buildouts now approaches light speed?On Friday's show, I was joined by 24/7 Wall Street's Eric Bleeker to discuss the opportunity for co-packaged optics.We described why Lumentum has doubled in price during just the past two months and why Applied Optoelectronics is another stock that should be on your investing radar.⚠️ Not financial advice. Do your own research. These stocks have run significantly—understand the risks before investing.#optics #semiconductors #AI #datacenter #NVIDIA #AppliedOptoelectronics #Lumentum #copackagedoptics #AIinfrastructure #chipstocks #investing #stockmarket #7investing #247WallStreet #EricBleeker #advancedpackaging #hyperscalers #Amazon #Google #AIboom #techstocks #stockpicks

A Note from James:In the last episode, we talked about whether Martin Shkreli really deserves the label “most hated man in America.” My conclusion was no, and I hope you came to the same conclusion after hearing his perspective.In this episode, we shift gears completely. We talk about Bitcoin, crypto, AI, energy, optical computing, and what the future of technology might actually look like.Martin has a very unusual combination of skills—finance, biotech, programming—and I always enjoy hearing how he connects ideas across different fields. That's what this conversation is about.Episode Description:What happens when AI demand collides with the limits of computing power and energy?In Part 2, Martin Shkreli and James explore the future of technology—from crypto vulnerabilities to optical computing, GPU scaling, and the potential energy crisis driven by artificial intelligence.They discuss whether Bitcoin can survive quantum computing, why stablecoins solve real-world financial problems, and how computing architecture may shift beyond traditional silicon chips. The conversation then moves into AI economics: why companies might spend billions on compute to make better decisions, how energy constraints could shape innovation, and why optical computing could become the next major breakthrough.This episode isn't about controversy—it's about technological leverage, incentives, and where computation is heading next.What You'll Learn:Why quantum computing could eventually threaten Bitcoin's encryptionThe real-world advantages of stablecoins and decentralized paymentsHow AI demand could create massive new energy constraintsWhy optical (photonic) computing may outperform traditional silicon chipsHow businesses might use large-scale AI compute for strategic decisionsTimestamped Chapters:[00:02:00] Bitcoin, Encryption & Quantum Computing Risks[00:03:02] A Note from James[00:03:34] Crypto Markets: Speculation vs. Utility[00:05:23] Banking Control, Debanking & Stablecoins[00:07:40] Moore's Law, Huang's Law & The Limits of Silicon[00:08:45] Optical Computing Explained[00:09:12] NVIDIA, Parallelization & Power Consumption[00:10:24] Energy Constraints & The Electrical Grid[00:11:41] AI Energy Demand vs. Countries[00:12:24] Corporate AI Decision-Making at Scale[00:13:37] The Coming Explosion of AI Compute[00:14:20] Energy Efficiency vs. Speed[00:15:17] GPU Efficiency Improvements & Jevons Paradox[00:17:00] Why AI Is Different from Traditional Computing[00:17:47] Optical vs. Quantum vs. DNA Computing[00:18:19] Why Optical Computing Fits AI Perfectly[00:19:28] Precision, Bits & Neural Networks[00:21:24] Error Tolerance in AI Systems[00:22:00] Fiber Optics & Existing Infrastructure[00:23:16] New Computing Paradigms Beyond Silicon[00:24:00] Matrix Multiplication & AI Workloads[00:24:53] Closing ThoughtsSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Nothing says suburban bliss like little neon flags sprouting up across your lawn like a government-sponsored Easter egg hunt. In today's comedy podcast, Rizz spirals (respectfully) over fiber optic lines being marked directly through his beloved Japanese maple, and we ask the real question: do you get a discount if they destroy your yard… or just emotional damage?Things escalate when we break down the now-viral fistfight between fiber optic contractors in Forestell. That's right — two grown men, in high-vis vests, settling a “you're lazy” dispute with haymakers in the middle of a neighborhood already dealing with torn-up lawns and brown faucet water. Is it professional? No. Is it peak blue-collar conflict resolution? Absolutely. And yes, we debate whether they grabbed beers together after.From there, we pivot (hard) into Mr. Clean announcing his retirement after 68 spotless years. Is he headed to Boca? Fire Island? Is this just a marketing stunt? We investigate like the responsible adults we are.Then it's HBO's “Neighbors” — the show that makes you question humanity and your HOA. We break down the most unhinged characters, including doomsday preppers, beach tyrants, cat hoarders, and a man who casually threatens murder before inviting people to a barbecue. It's everything you love about suburban drama without actually having to move.In Crap on Celebrities, we unpack the wild moment at the BAFTAs involving Tourette's, Michael B. Jordan, and a headline nobody saw coming. We also talk Wiz Khalifa's birthday “tradition,” Snooki's health update, and why Leonardo DiCaprio is slowly morphing into Jack Nicholson in real time.It's lawn drama. It's celebrity chaos. It's suburban anxiety with microphones. This daily comedy show continues to prove that no topic is too small — especially if it involves Kentucky bluegrass and potential property destruction.If you love a loud, unfiltered, slightly unhinged comedy podcast that covers weird news, celebrity fails, neighborhood wars, and the kind of conversations that should probably stay off HOA Facebook pages… welcome home.This comedy podcast proudly serves St. Louis and beyond with daily humor, pop culture commentary, and the occasional emotional breakdown over landscaping.Follow The Rizzuto Show → https://linktr.ee/rizzshow for more from your favorite daily comedy show.Connect with The Rizzuto Show Comedy Podcast online → https://1057thepoint.com/RizzShowHear The Rizz Show daily on the radio at 105.7 The Point | Hubbard Radio in St. Louis, MO.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

It's Q&A Wednesday—your questions drive the show. Lance Roberts & Danny Ratliff break down what's moving markets right now, key economic and Fed signals to watch this week, and the practical portfolio decisions that matter most (risk, allocations, income, taxes, and retirement timing). Drop your question in the live chatroom and we'll tackle as many as we can. Topics we often cover: market volatility & trend levels, rates/inflation, sector rotation, retirement income, tax strategy, ETFs vs. individual bonds, and avoiding emotional decision-making. Hosted by RIA Advisors Chief Investment Strategist, Lance Roberts, CIO, w Senior Investment Advisor, Danny Ratliff, CFP Produced by Brent Clanton, Executive Producer 0:00 - INTRO 0:19 - Wrapping Earnings Season w Highest Revenue Growth Ever 4:38 - Markets Bounce off 100-DMA 6:47 - What's Next for Crude Oil & Energy Stocks? 9:40 - How Much Money is "Enough" to Retire On? 17:48 - Study: Coffee & Dementia 19:06 - Work Benefits vs Medicare 20:41 - Capital Allocation in Current Markets 23:19 - How to Plan for 2027 25:14 - Bloom Energy & Fuel Cell Tech 26:21 - Price Floor Effects on Trading, Employment & Metals 29:56 - Extended Car Warranty Pros & Cons 31:27 - How Much Trust in Forward Guidance? 32:55 - Is Palantir Over Sold? (Yes) 33:35 - Datacenter Rage vs Fiber Optics 35:00 - Corporate Stock Buy Backs vs AI Cap-Ex Spending 35:54 - Planning to Retire at 56 36:52 - Should You Wait Until 74 for Social Security? 39:09 - Market Rotation Velocity 40:28 - Coming Attractions ------- Register for our next Candid Coffee, 2/21/26: https://streamyard.com/watch/Wq3Yvn9ny5GV ------- Watch Today's Full Video on our YouTube Channel: https://youtube.com/live/3xyx42x5s44 ------- Articles Mentioned in Today's Show: "Seasonality: Buy Signal And Investing Outcomes" https://realinvestmentadvice.com/resources/blog/seasonality-buy-signal-and-investing-outcomes/ "Technology Stocks: Dead Or An Opportunity?" https://realinvestmentadvice.com/resources/blog/technology-stocks-dead-or-an-opportunity/ ------- Watch our previous show, "Bank, Brokerage, or Corporate Trustee? (It's a Matter of Trust)," here: https://youtube.com/live/MU8qVbSiqxY?feature=share -------- The latest installment of our new feature, Before the Bell, "1100-DMA Bounce: Range-Bound Markets & Energy Risk," is here: https://youtu.be/EJVtzKwAMG4 ------- Visit our E-book Library (no library card required!) https://realinvestmentadvice.com/ria-e-guide-library/ -------- SUBSCRIBE to The Real Investment Show here: http://www.youtube.com/c/TheRealInvestmentShow -------- Visit our Site: https://www.realinvestmentadvice.com Contact Us: 1-855-RIA-PLAN -------- Subscribe to SimpleVisor: https://www.simplevisor.com/register-new -------- Connect with us on social: https://twitter.com/RealInvAdvice https://twitter.com/LanceRoberts https://www.facebook.com/RealInvestmentAdvice/ https://www.linkedin.com/in/realinvestmentadvice/ #StockMarket #SP500 #TechnicalAnalysis #MovingAverages #EnergyStocks #QandAWednesday #MarketOutlook #PortfolioRisk #RetirementPlanning #InvestingEducation

Plus: The Trump administration warns South Korea against targeting U.S. tech companies amid rising trade tensions. And Amazon will shut down Amazon Go and Amazon Fresh stores. Julie Chang hosts. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Lionel explores the terrifying genius of DARPA and the "Active Denial System," a directed energy weapon designed to make crowds feel like they are burning alive without leaving a mark. The conversation shifts from weather control and tectonic weapons to the potential of reverse-engineering alien technology like transistors and fiber optics. Lionel also debates the future of telepathy versus texting and warns of a world where genetic targeting could weaponize DNA against specific groups. It is an eclectic mix of "mando" madness, offbeat history, and "stuff that is not allowed to be talked about during the day”. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode of the Crazy Wisdom podcast, host Stewart Alsop interviews Marcin Dymczyk, CPO and co-founder of SevenSense Robotics, exploring the fascinating world of advanced robotics and AI. Their conversation covers the evolution from traditional "standard" robotics with predetermined pathways to advanced robotics that incorporates perception, reasoning, and adaptability - essentially the AGI of physical robotics. Dymczyk explains how his company builds "the eyes and brains of mobile robots" using camera-based autonomy algorithms, drawing parallels between robot sensing systems and human vision, inner ear balance, and proprioception. The discussion ranges from the technical challenges of sensor fusion and world models to broader topics including robotics regulation across different countries, the role of federalism in innovation, and how recent geopolitical changes are driving localized high-tech development, particularly in defense applications. They also touch on the democratization of robotics for small businesses and the philosophical implications of increasingly sophisticated AI systems operating in physical environments. To learn more about SevenSense, visit www.sevensense.ai.Check out this GPT we trained on the conversationTimestamps00:00 Introduction to Robotics and Personal Journey05:27 The Evolution of Robotics: From Standard to Advanced09:56 The Future of Robotics: AI and Automation12:09 The Role of Edge Computing in Robotics17:40 FPGA and AI: The Future of Robotics Processing21:54 Sensing the World: How Robots Perceive Their Environment29:01 Learning from the Physical World: Insights from Robotics33:21 The Intersection of Robotics and Manufacturing35:01 Journey into Robotics: Education and Passion36:41 Practical Robotics Projects for Beginners39:06 Understanding Particle Filters in Robotics40:37 World Models: The Future of AI and Robotics41:51 The Black Box Dilemma in AI and Robotics44:27 Safety and Interpretability in Autonomous Systems49:16 Regulatory Challenges in Robotics and AI51:19 Global Perspectives on Robotics Regulation54:43 The Future of Robotics in Emerging Markets57:38 The Role of Engineers in Modern WarfareKey Insights1. Advanced robotics transcends traditional programming through perception and intelligence. Dymczyk distinguishes between standard robotics that follows rigid, predefined pathways and advanced robotics that incorporates perception and reasoning. This evolution enables robots to make autonomous decisions about navigation and task execution, similar to how humans adapt to unexpected situations rather than following predetermined scripts.2. Camera-based sensing systems mirror human biological navigation. SevenSense Robotics builds "eyes and brains" for mobile robots using multiple cameras (up to eight), IMUs (accelerometers/gyroscopes), and wheel encoders that parallel human vision, inner ear balance, and proprioception. This redundant sensing approach allows robots to navigate even when one system fails, such as operating in dark environments where visual sensors are compromised.3. Edge computing dominates industrial robotics due to connectivity and security constraints. Many industrial applications operate in environments with poor connectivity (like underground grocery stores) or require on-premise solutions for confidentiality. This necessitates powerful local processing capabilities rather than cloud-dependent AI, particularly in automotive factories where data security about new models is paramount.4. Safety regulations create mandatory "kill switches" that bypass AI decision-making. European and US regulatory bodies require deterministic safety systems that can instantly stop robots regardless of AI reasoning. These systems operate like human reflexes, providing immediate responses to obstacles while the main AI brain handles complex navigation and planning tasks.5. Modern robotics development benefits from increasingly affordable optical sensors. The democratization of 3D cameras, laser range finders, and miniature range measurement chips (costing just a few dollars from distributors like DigiKey) enables rapid prototyping and innovation that was previously limited to well-funded research institutions.6. Geopolitical shifts are driving localized high-tech development, particularly in defense applications. The changing role of US global leadership and lessons from Ukraine's drone warfare are motivating countries like Poland to develop indigenous robotics capabilities. Small engineering teams can now create battlefield-effective technology using consumer drones equipped with advanced sensors.7. The future of robotics lies in natural language programming for non-experts. Dymczyk envisions a transformation where small business owners can instruct robots using conversational language rather than complex programming, similar to how AI coding assistants now enable non-programmers to build applications through natural language prompts.

There's a lot of drone warfare footage on the internet from Ukraine and Russia. But over the last year, a surprising change has emerged, via photos from the battlefront posted online. It has become clear that a huge part of the drone war, from dropping grenades on soldiers in bunkers, to dropping explosives on infrastructure or airfields, is wired. Those wires are fiber optic cable, stretching from drone operators to the drones, which spool out cable across the ground and over trees along the battlefront. These drones are often single-use rarely returning from the mission they set out on. And the spools of fiber optic cable, stretching over 30-50 kilometers, don't get cleaned up. We explore this evolution of drone use in the conflict - where it came from, and why.

Nitin Sacheti thinks tech is “still interesting” and we have time before a potential bubble problem. “We're starting to see sort of a dispersion” in the tech sector between the winners and the losers, he argues. Nitin explains his tech strategy, focusing on fiber optic cables and data networks and describing his hedging moves. ======== Schwab Network ========Empowering every investor and trader, every market day. Subscribe to the Market Minute newsletter - https://schwabnetwork.com/subscribeDownload the iOS app - https://apps.apple.com/us/app/schwab-network/id1460719185Download the Amazon Fire Tv App - https://www.amazon.com/TD-Ameritrade-Network/dp/B07KRD76C7Watch on Sling - https://watch.sling.com/1/asset/191928615bd8d47686f94682aefaa007/watchWatch on Vizio - https://www.vizio.com/en/watchfreeplus-exploreWatch on DistroTV - https://www.distro.tv/live/schwab-network/Follow us on X – https://twitter.com/schwabnetworkFollow us on Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/schwabnetworkFollow us on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/schwab-network/ About Schwab Network - https://schwabnetwork.com/about

In this final episode of the series, we join a round-table discussion among experts from the Smart Internet Lab at the University of Bristol. Join Dimitra Simeonidou, Simon Saunders, and Paul Wilson as they explore the future of telecommunications and the exciting advancements in network technology. Discover how AI and sensing capabilities are transforming networks into intelligent systems that not only communicate but also 'feel' the environment. This episode delves into the implications of these innovations for smart cities, crisis management, and the ethical considerations that come with them.Chapters:(00:00) Introduction(00:30) The Evolution of Telecommunications(10:15) AI and Sensing in Networks(20:00) Future Networks Scenarios(30:00) Ethical Considerations and Governance(40:00) Closing ThoughtsThis is an 18Sixty Production.

For more information, visit the Utah Statesman's website usustatesman.com or keep up on Instagram @utahstatesman

"Sometimes the traditional methods are way more effective or efficient in handling certain things. To succeed in this new paradigm, we need to build on our strong fundamentals and progress further." Ivan Lim Chen Ning shares how data-driven methods are reshaping geophysics by challenging traditional workflows and opening new possibilities. He highlights the role of AI, machine learning, and fiber-optic sensing in improving seismic interpretation, imaging, and monitoring. His insights show how combining strong fundamentals with modern digital tools can help geophysicists solve problems more effectively. Read the September issue of TLE about data-driven geophysics at https://library.seg.org/toc/leedff/44/9. KEY TAKEAWAYS > AI and data-driven tools open new paths. They help geophysicists move beyond traditional workflows to find faster and simpler solutions. > Fiber-optic sensing changes monitoring. DAS provides continuous well data, replacing point sensors and revealing signals directly. > Strong fundamentals still matter. Success comes from combining proven geophysical methods with modern digital skills. GUEST BIO Ivan Lim Chen Ning is an Earth Scientist – Fiber Optics at Chevron, where he analyzes Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) data and develops real-time algorithms for field applications. He applies deep learning and signal processing to improve DFOS workflows, advancing distributed acoustic sensing in the energy industry. A member of Chevron's Emerging Leader 2024 cohort, Ivan is recognized for solving cross-disciplinary challenges and driving innovation to help secure energy for the future.

Eric van Genuchten, COO and Co-founder of Sensing360, explains how fiber optic technology is changing gearbox monitoring by catching failures that standard vibration sensors miss. The company's system uses light-based sensors mounted directly onto planetary gearboxes to measure tiny steel deformations and load changes, providing early warning for the 10% of catastrophic failures current monitoring can't detect. Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly email update on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard's StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary Barnes' YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us! Welcome to Uptime Spotlight, shining light on wind. Energy's brightest innovators. This is the Progress Powering. Tomorrow I am here with Eric van Genuchten. Uh, so Eric is the COO and Co-founder of Sensing 360. Um, and they are bringing optics, um, to monitoring for gearbox, other rotational equipment. Uh, we're gonna talk a little bit about what that means for the wind industry today, implementation retrofits, uh, from the factory, all kinds of good stuff. So, Eric, can you give us a little bit of a, of your background? What's, what makes you an expert in the space?  Eric van Genuchten: Uh, that's a good question. So basically my background is. Uh, I studied physics when I was much younger than I'm now, so, uh, I'm not gonna disclose when, but, uh, I've been working since roughly 20 years and I have a background in SKF in the [00:01:00] bearing, uh, uh, manufacturing space. And basically I've been working within SKF as condition monitoring, uh, solution developer. So I've been in condition monitoring for almost 15 years now. And from SKF, where we developed, uh, condition monitoring systems for all kind of applications, but also wind of course, we went towards, um, load sensing of barrens to be very specific to help our large customers. And for that we used, uh, fiber sensing. And, uh, eight years ago, seven and a half years ago, uh, I started with two colleagues. I started sensing 360. Which is the 360 is of course the rotation, but we are using five optical sand or optics, uh, for rotating equipment, mainly bearings, large bearings, gear boxes. And uh, we have been focusing a lot on wind, uh, the last five years, uh, mainly on the planetary gearbox because that's a challenging part from the rotating, uh, [00:02:00] system to monitor. So that's where we, uh, think we can add some value.  Joel Saxum: So I know like, uh, I, I wanna share this with the users too. Our listeners here too, because I came across your technology man, three, four or five years ago or something, uh, over in Europe. I, I think it was, we were in Copenhagen, wind, Europe and Copenhagen. Um, and I remember seeing you guys in like the startup space and I walked over and you had like, basically what looked to be, um, a stainless steel bearing race on the, on the table. With your sensor package on it and a live readout. And I looked at it and I went to pick it up and I was like, this is interesting. And when I picked it up, just my hand on it, I looked at the screen and I could see all the deflections happening on the screen from just me grabbing this. And I mean, it was, I mean, you remember what the product thing there was? It was probably four millimeters thick of stainless steel. Like that's not, I'm not squishing that thing with my hand, but you could see it. Eric van Genuchten: Yeah, no, a lot of people checked if we had a camera around it to see if they were mimicking the move. But basically, [00:03:00] if you ring about it, it's, it's this, this product still, we still have it, it's still operational. And this is the, the, the type of bearing a small, relatively small one for,

Hometown Radio 10/10/25 6p: Jeff Buckingham updates on local fiber optics

Have you ever thought about where your electricity comes from?  Mark McKinney joins host Sal Sama in the podcast room for today's episode of The High Ground powered by Premier Companies. For about 11 years, Mark McKinney has been President and CEO of Jackson County REMC which is a non-profit that is member-owned and provides electricity and other types of services to the southern Indiana region.  Mark will share about his career path from a meter man to his current position with the Jackson County REMC and explain how the rural electric membership cooperative serves its membership.  You'll learn about REMC's expansion into fiber optic broadband services and how soon they will be able to offer that service to their entire territory.  From the terrain challenges to battling dead trees, you'll hear about the difficulties the crews face and how they work proactively to keep the power on.  Mark and Sal will cover various types of energy generation including nuclear energy and how that could impact our energy usage.  “While we do have to generate margins, that's not the whole focus, to please shareholders.  Our focus is to serve our membership.”

Have you ever thought about where your electricity comes from?  Mark McKinney joins host Sal Sama in the podcast room for today's episode of The High Ground powered by Premier Companies. For about 11 years, Mark McKinney has been President and CEO of Jackson County REMC which is a non-profit that is member-owned and provides electricity and other types of services to the southern Indiana region.  Mark will share about his career path from a meter man to his current position with the Jackson County REMC and explain how the rural electric membership cooperative serves its membership.  You'll learn about REMC's expansion into fiber optic broadband services and how soon they will be able to offer that service to their entire territory.  From the terrain challenges to battling dead trees, you'll hear about the difficulties the crews face and how they work proactively to keep the power on.  Mark and Sal will cover various types of energy generation including nuclear energy and how that could impact our energy usage.  “While we do have to generate margins, that's not the whole focus, to please shareholders.  Our focus is to serve our membership.”

Nitin Sacheti says some of the best plays on the A.I. boom are in lesser-known names. He's bullish on data center builders like Western Digital (WDC) and Seagate (STX). He's also eyeing fiber optic companies like Cogent (CCOI), and is bearish on legacy software, satellite companies, and advertising. He shares his approach to finding off-the-beaten-path names with strong growth potential and reasonable valuations.======== Schwab Network ========Empowering every investor and trader, every market day.Subscribe to the Market Minute newsletter - https://schwabnetwork.com/subscribeDownload the iOS app - https://apps.apple.com/us/app/schwab-network/id1460719185Download the Amazon Fire Tv App - https://www.amazon.com/TD-Ameritrade-Network/dp/B07KRD76C7Watch on Sling - https://watch.sling.com/1/asset/191928615bd8d47686f94682aefaa007/watchWatch on Vizio - https://www.vizio.com/en/watchfreeplus-exploreWatch on DistroTV - https://www.distro.tv/live/schwab-network/Follow us on X – https://twitter.com/schwabnetworkFollow us on Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/schwabnetworkFollow us on LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/schwab-network/About Schwab Network - https://schwabnetwork.com/about

Wired 04.12, December 1996: https://archive.org/details/wired-magazine-04.12-1996-decemberShow notes with page numbers for everything we discuss: https://tinyurl.com/techpod-295-wired-dec-96 Support the Pod! Contribute to the Tech Pod Patreon and get access to our booming Discord, a monthly bonus episode, your name in the credits, and other great benefits! You can support the show at: https://patreon.com/techpod

Send us a textIn Episode 103 of Your Landlord Resource, we dive deep into our real-world experience installing property-wide fiber optic Wi-Fi in a six-unit rental property. This isn't theory—we share what worked, what we wish we knew sooner, and what it all cost. From upgrading a midterm rental and supporting smart locks to giving tenants high-speed access at a fraction of retail pricing, this episode is packed with tips for self-managing landlords.We break down why Wi-Fi is becoming a top must-have amenity for renters (with 90% of tenants in a 2024 NMHC survey rating it essential), and how landlords can meet that demand in a cost-conscious and scalable way. You'll learn what types of properties benefit most, how much bandwidth you really need, and how to handle the install without blowing your budget—or your mind.We cover the technical details landlords need to know, including using VLANs for tenant privacy, installing CAT6 ethernet, and choosing between budget systems like TP-Link or pro-level gear like Ubiquiti. And most importantly, we talk about whether tenants truly value this amenity and if it's worth the investment.If you're a landlord managing a duplex, triplex, or small multifamily and want to offer high-speed internet while protecting your bottom line, this episode is for you.

You can always check out the offerings direct from the City as well. https://forms.monday.com/forms/3e0817cf0ade085d31b286a6026907f3?r=use1If you are looking for a media guy, you can find Luke Edlund on his social accounts.https://www.edlundmedia.comYou can follow the "Buffalo Community Podcast"Facebook: @buffalocommunitypodcastTwitter: @PodcastBuffaloInsta: @buffalocommunitypodcastThank you,Mark Benzer & Tyler ReissThe Buffalo Community Podcast guysTyler Reiss is the Broker Owner of North Star Pro Realty in Buffalo MN . www.NorthStarProRealty.comOr www.TylerReiss.com--------------------------------------------------TEXT “home” to get started

For many of you listening to the sound of my voice right now, the audio originated from a digital file that was transported across the globe at the speed of light on fiber-optic cables.  The fiber optic cables, which crisscross the oceans, create a network that unites the entire globe. Almost all the telephone calls, text messages, web pages, streaming videos, and podcasts that travel around the world do so through undersea fiber optic cables.  Without these cables, our modern world would be very different, and many of you wouldn't be listening to me right now. Learn more about undersea fiber optic cables and how they work on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. ***5th Anniversary Celebration RSVP*** Sponsors Newspapers.com Get 20% off your subscription to Newspapers.com Mint Mobile Cut your wireless bill to 15 bucks a month at mintmobile.com/eed Quince Go to quince.com/daily for 365-day returns, plus free shipping on your order! Stitch Fix Go to stitchfix.com/everywhere to have a stylist help you look your best Stash Go to get.stash.com/EVERYTHING to see how you can receive $25 towards your first stock purchase and to view important disclosures. Subscribe to the podcast!  https://everything-everywhere.com/everything-everywhere-daily-podcast/ -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Austin Oetken & Cameron Kieffer   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/  Disce aliquid novi cotidie Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

City Councilmember Sherrie Ohrn talks about a new agreement with a fiber-optic internet company to expand in the community, an approval for leaving Wasatch Front Waste & Recycling, joining the Trans-Jordan Cities, firework safety and regulations, and a discussion about detached accessory dwelling units (ADUs). Have a question? Leave a comment or email us at communications@herriman.gov and we'll address it in a future edition. 0:00 Start 0:45 Intro 1:12 Withdrawal from Wasatch Front Waste & Recycling 4:12 Trans-Jordan membership 6:43 All West fiber internet agreement 12:16 Detached accessory dwelling unit discussion 15:27 Fireworks rules and safety

Carlos Oliveira, CEO of Fibersail, discusses their advanced fiber optic technology for early detection of wind turbine blade damage, reducing downtime and optimizing maintenance for wind farm operators. Sign up now for Uptime Tech News, our weekly email update on all things wind technology. This episode is sponsored by Weather Guard Lightning Tech. Learn more about Weather Guard's StrikeTape Wind Turbine LPS retrofit. Follow the show on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Linkedin and visit Weather Guard on the web. And subscribe to Rosemary Barnes' YouTube channel here. Have a question we can answer on the show? Email us! Allen Hall: Wind turbine blade failures cost the industry billions annually. Today we're talking with Fibersail, CEO, Carlos Oliveira About their innovative fiber optic technology that detects early blade damage before catastrophic failures occur. Learn how their shape sensing system is helping wind farm operators reduce downtime and optimize maintenance. Welcome to Uptime Spotlight, shining Light on Wind. Energy's brightest innovators. This is the progress powering tomorrow. Carlos, welcome to the program. Thank you for having me here.  Allen Hall: This is gonna be a fascinating discussion. when I was over at Wind Europe, the activity around your booth was really good. a lot of interested people wanting to learn more about the technology and how to protect their blades and be able to determine early if they have blade problems. And I think everybody on the [00:01:00] podcast knows that blades are a huge issue financially. And we just don't have enough information about how they are moving structurally or what kind of structural issues they're having. How big do you think this problem is, Carlos?  Speaker 3: I agree with you. So we have quite a busy Wind Europe event. we were really full all the, time. and I think that, the problem is really, getting out, right? It's every year, more than. Five, $6 billion are being spent in non-planned repairs activities. and this is impacting a lot to the bottom line of the industry. what we knew at fiber cell 3, 4, 5 years ago, that the problem was really big Honda blades. Now it's mainstream knowledge. big companies are putting billions of euros, in, recognizing losses because of this issue. And more and more customers are coming to us. it's [00:02:00] really a big issue and we believe that, it can really put in danger the wind industry as a whole.  Allen Hall: Yeah. And even if you buy a new turbine today, there is very little information that comes from the blades themselves. A lot of it is coming from the SCADA system, and that's, those SCADA systems are not designed to detect this sort of. Issues that Fibersail can detect. Correct?  Speaker 3: Yeah. And I think it's we are building bigger and bigger blades, using old technology, right? It does not work. you have a mixture for a big explosion happening, and that's exactly what we are seeing. If in the past, the turbines, they were showing problems after 5, 6, 7, 8 years of operation. Today we have customers that come to us. with big problems in blades after one, two years of operation, some of them still during the warranty period. So it's really becoming a big issue and that's where our shape sensing technology kicks in because we have advanced sensing technology. For the most [00:03:00] advanced, turbines out there and the new ones, it's really good interior, but the reality is a different story.  Allen Hall: how soon should you install a system onto a blade, particularly a new blade? Should it go in at the factory or, immediately after in the warranty period, or a lot of operators that we have seen, like to install them at year five or six of operation, which seems. Late to us.  Speaker 3: I tend to agree, we would prefer to have it installed, at the manufacturing. we know it's not, straightforward. and what we're doing, and this is let's say our go-to market strateg...

Jonathan Pageau (  @JonathanPageau  ) & John Vervaeke (  @johnvervaeke  ) have a conversation about the nature of Spirit and the importance of fellowship. We mention Paul Vanderklay (  @PaulVanderKlay  ), Elizabeth Oldfield (  @thesacredpodcast  ), Kale Zelden, Rod Dreer, James Filler, William Desmond, Iamblichus, Dionysius the Areopagite, Johannes Hoffken, Greg Enriqueus, Eric Hull, Dan Chappie, Mike Levin, Jordan Peterson, Jacques Derrida, Hilary Putnam, Willard Van Orman Quine, Catherine Pickstock, Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schelling, Owen Barfield, Alfred North Whitehead, Edwin Hutchins, Tanya Luhrmann, L.J. Savage, Parmenides, G.W.F. Hegel, Evan Thompson, St. Maximus the Confessor, St. Gregory of Nyssa, Aristotle, Martin Heidegger, Pavel Florensky, Alex O'Connor, Jesus Christ, Ezekiel, Moses, Muhammad, Michael Jordan, Sebastian Melmoth and more. Midwestuary Conference - https://www.midwestuary.com/What is Spirit Part 1 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMjEY3BOPPI&t=909sWhat is Spirit Part 2 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiTAI_r31Ts00:00:00 - Introduction & Midwestuary Conference Announcement00:01:50 - What is Spirit? The Central Question00:03:30 - John's Opening: Relational Ontology & Com-unity00:09:15 - Jonathan's Opening: Synergy, St. Maximus, & the One and the Many00:14:50 - Spiritual Dualism vs. Monism: Deconstructing Modern Dichotomies00:22:30 - Jonathan on Traditional Views of Spirit & Angels00:29:08 - John: Non-Psychological Descriptors of Spirit (Mike Levin's work)00:30:50 - Jonathan: Spirit Animates All Things (St. Maximus)00:34:15 - Where is Self-Consciousness? Persons, Cities, and God-Man00:40:50 - Is Spirit Dependent on Humans? Perception vs. Projection00:44:50 - Going Back & Going Forward: Post-Kantian Neoplatonism00:50:20 - Exaptation, Incarnation, and Levels of Understanding00:53:40 - Barfield, Post-Contian Neoplatonism, and Integrating Science & Myth01:03:30 - Spirit and Fellowship: Superorganisms & Hyperobjects01:09:49 - Liturgy as Theurgy: Making Receptive to Theophany01:15:08 - Prophecy: Channeling the Group or Transcendent Knowledge?01:25:07 - Fellowship in the Digital Age: Breath, Fiber Optics, and AI01:30:00 - John: The Virtual Coming Alive & The Future of Theology (Claude AI)01:40:55 - Final Thoughts: Prioritizing Embodied Fellowship

The year 2025 marks the 10th anniversary of China's Digital Silk Road, which has become an increasingly crucial component of Xi Jinping's flagship foreign policy project: the Belt and Road Initiative. Over the past decade, China has massively expanded its digital infrastructure investment across the globe. Accompanying the investment has been the diffusion of China's digital governance norms and standards in recipient states. Countries in the Indo-Pacific have been at the forefront of this stretching Chinese digital influence landscape. The conflation between digital development cooperation and digital governance norms adoption has far-reaching implications that need to be better understood and addressed. To discuss the issue, Michael Caster joins host Bonnie Glaser. Caster is the Head of Global China Programmeat ARTICLE 19, an NGO that advances freedom of opinion and expression. His organization has published two reports examining China's Digital Silk Road. Timestamps[00:00] Start[01:30] Understanding China's Digital Silk Road [05:57] China's Digital Governance Norms[10:16] China's Digital Footprints Abroad[16:07] Attractiveness of Chinese Digital Solutions[18:56] Role of High-Tech Companies in Digital Governance[21:44] Assessing the Effectiveness of China's Digital Governance[23:14] State-Driven Surveillance and Censorship[27:39] China's BeiDou Navigation System [31:09] How should governments respond to these normative shifts? 

Send us a textGain exclusive access to 360 FREE CISSP Practice Questions delivered directly to your inbox! Sign up at FreeCISSPQuestions.com and receive 30 expertly crafted practice questions every 15 days for the next 6 months—completely free! Don't miss this valuable opportunity to strengthen your CISSP exam preparation and boost your chances of certification success. Join now and start your journey toward CISSP mastery today!

See Atlantic Vision https://lnkd.in/gZrZ-Jct this week at ITA Showcase https://lnkd.in/gHA32ySg “We didn't invent fiber connectivity, we just perfected it,” says Sebastian Sassi, Atlantic Vision. In the latest episode of Technology Reseller News, Doug Green sits down with Sebastian Sassi, VP of Sales at Atlantic Vision, to discuss how this 25-year-old fiber optics company is outpacing the industry giants with high-capacity, cost-effective, and rapidly available fiber solutions. What is Atlantic Vision? Atlantic Vision is a “manufacturer's manufacturer” that produces pre-connectorized fiber products for broadband and data center markets. Competing directly with major fiber OEMs, Atlantic Vision specializes in: • hashtag#Patch hashtag#cords & hashtag#trunk hashtag#cables • Outside plant hashtag#terminals & drop cables • High-capacity, quick-turnaround fiber solutions “We're not just another supplier—we're the highest-capacity manufacturer for fiber connectivity. We do it faster, cheaper, and better than anyone else.” A Supply Chain Strategy Built to Withstand Market Disruptions With ongoing tariff increases, supply chain bottlenecks, and pricing volatility, Atlantic Vision is uniquely positioned to provide stable, cost-effective fiber solutions. • Stocking large quantities ensures immediate availability. • Flexible production allows rapid response to customer needs. • Competitive pricing helps customers control costs despite industry fluctuations. A Disruptor in Fiber Connectivity Atlantic Vision's Multi-Port Service Terminal (MST) sets a new standard in broadband deployment. Built on hashtag#OptiTap technology, it seamlessly integrates with existing infrastructure—eliminating vendor lock-in while improving deployment speed and cost-efficiency. • Interoperable with 95% of deployed broadband fiber infrastructure. • Customizable solutions for diverse outside plant build-outs. • Proven cost savings for major operators and data centers. “We're not just competitive—we're disruptive. Our MST solutions are the best in the industry, and we deliver at an unbeatable price.” Looking for Channel Partners & OEMs Atlantic Vision is actively seeking new distributors, channel partners, and OEM private label opportunities to expand its market reach. • High-capacity manufacturing supports large-scale deployments. • Private label programs provide flexible branding opportunities. • OEM partnerships offer additional manufacturing capacity for leading fiber brands. Learn more at Atlantic Vision https://lnkd.in/gZrZ-Jct

In today's episode, I'm joined by Marco Fattori, CTO and co-founder of MicroAlign, to explore a groundbreaking innovation in fiber optics that could reshape quantum computing, data centers, AI, and space communication. The foundation of MicroAlign's technology was laid during Marco's Ph.D. research at Eindhoven University of Technology, where he tackled one of the biggest challenges in photonics—achieving ultra-efficient fiber-to-chip connectivity. With quantum computing advancing rapidly, every photon counts. Traditional fiber alignment methods struggle with precision, but MicroAlign's micro-actuator technology achieves 100-nanometer accuracy, vastly improving photon transmission efficiency. This advancement is critical for quantum computers, where precise photon management directly impacts computational power and scalability. But the implications go far beyond quantum computing. We discuss how this technology can revolutionize data centers by supporting co-packaged optics, improve AI processing efficiency, and enable high-speed, low-loss communication in space applications. Marco also shares the challenges of scaling production to meet industry demands and what the future holds for fiber connectivity in photonics. Could this innovation set a new standard for fiber optic connections across multiple industries? And what are the next big breakthroughs we can expect in photonic computing? Join us as we explore the cutting-edge world of photonics and its transformative potential. As always, I'd love to hear your thoughts—do you think fiber optic precision will be a game-changer for quantum computing and AI?

Amidst a sea of gas pipeline delusions, we offer something that monetizes gas and adds value to Alaska.

We discussed Trusts, the Tartarian Empire and GDPR and more   About my Guest: Ex Royal Navy gunner and armourer, turned professional fighter. Owned and ran own martial arts gym for about 30 years. Always been aware of something not being right in the world, went deep into it after losing over £1million of property in 1 week including own home. So been up and been down even living in a car for a while with his wife Janine and 4 dogs.   --- Awakening Podcast Social Media / Coaching My Other Podcasts    ⁠⁠⁠https://roycoughlan.com/⁠⁠   ------------------ What we Discussed:   - Thoughts on the Executive Orders from Trump ( 2 mins) - A New Chinese App like Tik Tok (3:30 mins) - Democacy is Demonic Now ( 8 mins) - The Hospital System is not working( 11 mins) - Government grants paying for Fiber Optics yet we must pay for the Service ( 12 mins) - His Event will be online ( 20 mins) - Recording the breakout groups ( 24 mins) - The Fog that is seen and people getting ill ( 28 mins) - Texas banned Chemtrails (30:40 mins) - We no longer see the flies and bugs like 30 yrs ago (33:30 mins) - Idiots that are blocking Traffic for Oil protests (36 mins) - Are Dinosaurs real ? (38:30 mins) - Tartarian Empire (42 mins) - How do we Create a Trust (44:45 mins) - Trust Case Law (49 mins) - Putting a house in a Trust ( 1 hr) - How to take money out of the Trust (1 hr 4:30 mins) - Insurance companies not paying the correct amounts ( 1 hr 9 mins) - Fighting the Supermarkets harvesting your Data (1 hr 14:30 mins) - The dangers of Speed Cameras ( 1 hr 18 mins) - How do we stop clamping your car (1 hr 21 mins) - The Quarts Crystals for reducing electric costs ( 1hr 24:30 mins)   How to Contact Peter:    https://www.claimyourstrawman.com/   https://checkmatethematrix.com/?linkId=lp_513119&sourceId=roy&tenantId=checkmate-the-matrix   https://linktr.ee/PeterWilsonReturnToDemocracy     ------------------------------ More about the Awakening Podcast: All Episodes can be found at www.awakeningpodcast.org   My Facebook Group Mentioned in this Episode https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61572386459383 Awakening Podcast Social Media / Coaching My Other Podcasts    ⁠⁠⁠https://roycoughlan.com/⁠⁠   Our Facebook Group can be found at https://www.facebook.com/royawakening

We discussed Trusts, the Tartian Empire and GDPR and more   About my Guest: Ex Royal Navy gunner and armourer, turned professional fighter. Owned and ran own martial arts gym for about 30 years. Always been aware of something not being right in the world, went deep into it after losing over £1million of property in 1 week including own home. So been up and been down even living in a car for a while with his wife Janine and 4 dogs.   --- Awakening Podcast Social Media / Coaching My Other Podcasts    ⁠⁠⁠https://roycoughlan.com/⁠⁠   ------------------ What we Discussed:   - Thoughts on the Executive Orders from Trump ( 2 mins) - A New Chinese App like Tik Tok (3:30 mins) - Democacy is Demonic Now ( 8 mins) - The Hospital System is not working( 11 mins) - Government grants paying for Fiber Optics yet we must pay for the Service ( 12 mins) - His Event will be online ( 20 mins) - Recording the breakout groups ( 24 mins) - The Fog that is seen and people getting ill ( 28 mins) - Texas banned Chemtrails (30:40 mins) - We no longer see the flies and bugs like 30 yrs ago (33:30 mins) - Idiots that are blocking Traffic for Oil protests (36 mins) - Are Dinosaurs real ? (38:30 mins) - Tartania Empire (42 mins) - How do we Create a Trust (44:45 mins) - Trust Case Law (49 mins) - Putting a house in a Trust ( 1 hr) - How to take money out of the Trust (1 hr 4:30 mins) - Insurance companies not paying the correct amounts ( 1 hr 9 mins) - Fighting the Supermarkets harvesting your Data (1 hr 14:30 mins) - The dangers of Speed Cameras ( 1 hr 18 mins) - How do we stop clamping your car (1 hr 21 mins) - The Quarts Crystals for reducing electric costs ( 1hr 24:30 mins)   How to Contact Peter:    https://www.claimyourstrawman.com/   https://checkmatethematrix.com/?linkId=lp_513119&sourceId=roy&tenantId=checkmate-the-matrix   https://linktr.ee/PeterWilsonReturnToDemocracy     ------------------------------ More about the Awakening Podcast: All Episodes can be found at www.awakeningpodcast.org   My Facebook Group Mentioned in this Episode https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61572386459383 Awakening Podcast Social Media / Coaching My Other Podcasts    ⁠⁠⁠https://roycoughlan.com/⁠⁠   Our Facebook Group can be found at https://www.facebook.com/royawakening

Send us a textThis episode centers on answering essential questions about fiber optics for beginners, covering various types of cables, cleaning techniques, splicing methods, and troubleshooting tips. Listeners gain valuable insights into achieving accurate testing results and the importance of adhering to industry standards and certifications.• Discussion on fiber optic cable types, multimode and single-mode• Importance of cleaning fiber optic connectors properly• Comparison between fusion splicing and mechanical splicing• Techniques for ensuring accurate optical fiber test results• Strategies for troubleshooting optical fibers during installation• Recommendations for outdoor fiber protection standards• Overview of necessary fiber optic certifications and training resourcesSupport the showKnowledge is power! Make sure to stop by the webpage to buy me a cup of coffee or support the show at https://linktr.ee/letstalkcabling . Also if you would like to be a guest on the show or have a topic for discussion send me an email at chuck@letstalkcabling.com Chuck Bowser RCDD TECH#CBRCDD #RCDD

"Fiber optics can thrive in the harshest environments, proving robust for oil, gas, and carbon capture projects." This episode dives into the cutting-edge world of fiber optics with Joël Le Calvez, guest editor for November 2024's The Leading Edge. Fiber optics, a technology ubiquitous in daily life, is revolutionizing geophysics, offering real-time, cost-effective, and highly precise data collection capabilities. Joël breaks down six groundbreaking papers showcasing how fiber optics transform oil and gas, carbon capture, and even seafloor imaging. KEY TAKEAWAYS > Revolutionary Applications: Fiber optics enables continuous, distributed sensing over large areas, reducing costs and increasing operational efficiency for seismic surveys, leak detection, and more. > Cutting-Edge Innovations: The special section highlights advancements in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for seismic profiling, carbon storage monitoring, and real-time event detection. > Bridging Disciplines: Fiber optics has the potential to break down silos in geoscience, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration through shared data acquisition methods. NEXT STEP Explore the November 2024 issue of The Leading Edge to dive deeper into these transformative studies. Read the special section at https://library.seg.org/toc/leedff/43/11 and consider how fiber optics can innovate your projects. TEXT A FRIEND Ever wonder how real-time sensing can monitor CO2 storage? This podcast brilliantly explains it. Listen here: https://seg.org/podcasts/episode-245-fiber-optics-in-action-the-future-of-geophysical-sensing. GUEST BIO Joël Le Calvez graduated with a B. Sc. in Physics, an M. Sc. in Geosciences, a pre-doctoral degree in Geodynamics, and a Ph. D. in Geology. For two decades, Joel spent time in the field and the office helping decide on drilling locations, acquiring and processing microseismic data, and leading teams of geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in North America about hydraulic fracturing campaigns. 2014 Joel became the Global Head of the Geophysics Domain and added the North America Well Integrity and Production Logging businesses to his portfolio. In January 2022, Joel took the Reservoir Performance Optical Fiber program manager position before adding the Production Services portfolio a semester later. He coordinates the effort associated with cable and interrogator manufacturing, research and development directions, and business-focused answer products for all domains relying on fiber optic to acquire data. LINKS * Visit https://seg.org/podcasts/episode-245-fiber-optics-in-action-the-future-of-geophysical-sensing for the complete show notes and links to read this special section. CALL FOR ABSTRACTS OPENS 15 JANUARY Technical Program Chairs Yingcai Zheng and Molly Turko invite you to submit your best work. This year, we're fostering deeper collaboration between SEG, AAPG, and SEPM. Focus on regional challenges and how integrated geoscience can unlock solutions. Submit short or expanded abstracts for oral and poster presentations. The Call for Abstracts opens on 15 January and closes on 15 March at 5:00 PM CT. Don't miss this opportunity to share your research and connect with the broader geoscience community. SHOW CREDITS Andrew Geary at TreasureMint hosted, edited, and produced this episode. The SEG podcast team comprises Jennifer Cobb, Kathy Gamble, and Ally McGinnis. If you have episode ideas or feedback for the show or want to sponsor a future episode, email the show at podcast@seg.org.

Welcome back to Market Mondays! In this clip, we dive deep into Meta's monumental $10 billion investment in undersea fiber optic cables. Join Rashad Bilal and Ian Dunlap as they analyze what this means for the future of Meta, global internet connectivity, and the ongoing tech wars, particularly between Meta and Starlink. Here's a breakdown of what you can expect:*Meta's $10 Billion Investment:*Meta (formerly Facebook) is taking a giant leap by pouring $10 billion into undersea fiber optic cables that will span the globe. This investment is not just about enhancing global internet speed; it's a strategic move in the race for AI and data dominance.*Tech War: Meta vs. Starlink:*Ian Dunlap draws attention to a less talked about but immensely important rivalry: Meta vs. Starlink. As Meta focuses on below-ground fiber optics, Starlink, led by Elon Musk's SpaceX, is committed to above-ground satellite internet. Both companies are vying to control the speed and flow of data, which is crucial for future AI applications. Ian believes this battle could generate hundreds of billions of dollars.*Focus on Africa and India:*Rashad Bilal highlights Meta's targeting of Africa and India for their fiber optic expansion. These regions are strategically chosen for their young populations, resources, and potential for cheap labor. Africa, with its vast resources and growing internet infrastructure, and India, with its massive population and rising middle class, represent untapped markets that could significantly contribute to Meta's data aggregation efforts.*Global Connectivity and Data Centers:*Rashad discusses how Meta's move aligns with other tech giants like Google, Amazon, and Microsoft, who are also investing heavily in submarine cables. The goal? To build data centers where infrastructure is cheaper and populations are eager. The data collected will not only enhance AI capabilities but could redefine global internet usage patterns.*The Economic Shift:*Ian and Rashad emphasize an important economic shift: America's tech growth is plateauing. By expanding into Africa and India, Meta and other tech giants are looking to capture new markets with younger, growing populations. This foresight could provide a significant competitive edge in the tech industry.*The Bigger Picture:*Finally, the duo connects the dots, illustrating how fiber optic cables are the backbone of future technological advancements. From increasing the speed of internet connections to supporting massive data centers, these investments are paving the way for a new era of connectivity and AI innovation.*Join The Discussion:*Do you think Meta's $10 billion investment will pay off in the long run? How will the ongoing tech battles shape our future? Share your thoughts in the comments below!*Don't Forget to Like, Comment, and Subscribe!*Stay tuned for more insightful discussions and deep dives into the world of tech investments and market strategies every week on Market Mondays.#MarketMondays #Meta #FiberOptic #AI #ElonMusk #Starlink #TechInvestments #GlobalConnectivity #Africa #India #TechRivalry #DataCenters #FutureTech #TechNewsThanks for watching, and see you all next week!Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this video are for informational purposes only and do not constitute financial advice. Always consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/marketmondays/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brandsPrivacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy

Sanjay Iyer, a consultant for 25 years, discusses the evolution of telecommunications companies, focusing on network, infrastructure, quality, and coverage analysis. He explains that coverage is the first aspect of a network, determining the reach and number of homes it can deliver service to. The structure of networks has evolved over the years, with different types of networks for broadband, such as fiber to the home, hybrid fiber coax, and fixed wireless axis. Assessing the Infrastructure Quality Sanjay explains the process of assessing the infrastructure quality of a telecommunications company, which involves evaluating speeds, latency, and other factors such as the density of homes in the neighborhood. Speeds are rated at megabits per second, but factors like the number of people using television, density of homes, and latency can affect the speed of upstream and downstream packets. Latency is another factor that covers systemic network design quality. Sanjay also mentions that there are temporary issues in a coax network, such as fluctuation noise and overhead versus underground cables. To understand the total quality of a network, it is essential to separate temporary issues from systemic problems. He suggests measuring the quality at a home level, rather than at the broad network level. Network Assessment Factors Sanjay explains the importance of assessing network outcomes such as latency and speed when buying a provider and explains why companies should focus on outcome metrics and infrastructure quality. He talks about the first and second metric, capital expenditure efficiency and network upgrades. Sanjya explains why getworks have been continuously groomed and expanded to deliver more bandwidth over the years, and understanding how they have done it historically and what it will take to achieve the gold standard of one gigabits per second downstream to every home is crucial and what it would cost.  Challenges Faced when Analyzing Networks The conversation turns to the  challenges companies face in analyzing their own networks, as there is no single source of truth for determining their network coverage. One challenge is the cost of bandwidth, which can be expensive and unpredictable. To get the bandwidth right, companies must calculate the capex efficiency model, which assumes an average number of households per node and exploits it to the entire country. This model is often incorrect, leading to unpredictable network costs. Another challenge is fiber optic and broadband penetration analysis. The Federal Communications Commission has created a national database that tracks every household's speed and coverage from service providers. This information is publicly available and can be used to analyze homes and serviceable locations. The FCC has also created a service coverage map at a national scale, which can be used to allocate government capital to underserved areas and subsidize network bills. Analyzing Market Share Sanjay  discusses the process of analyzing market share in a given market. He uses the FCC database to measure network footprint, focusing on census block group levels to determine customer penetration. Machine learning is particularly interesting as it provides insights into customer profiles, economic or household level information, which can help predict underperformance, overperformance, and areas for improvement. Iyer is currently working on building tools to predict the ROI of broadband investments, analyzing existing footprints and adjacent locations, and predicting expansion paths. He is also involved in generative AI, which is popular but not widely adopted due to issues with LLM tech adoption. Iyer is developing a governance model that looks at all aspects of Gen AI, from use cases to production and costs, and is building products with an AI-first approach, using tools like chat and GPT to develop software products based on specific requirements. Timestamps: 04:30: Assessing Infrastructure Quality and Network Economics 08:37: Capital Expenditure Efficiency and Network Upgrades  13:27: Challenges in Network Data Availability  17:52: Fiber Optic and Broadband Penetration Analysis  21:21: Customer Churn Rate and Retention Strategy 25:45: Subscriber-Based Growth and Market Share Analysis  27:32: Sanjay Iyer's Current Practice and AI Focus    Links: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sanjay-iyer/ Website: https://www.combinatree.com/ Resource: https://umbrex.com/resources/how-to-analyze-a-telecommunications-company/ Unleashed is produced by Umbrex, which has a mission of connecting independent management consultants with one another, creating opportunities for members to meet, build relationships, and share lessons learned. Learn more at www.umbrex.com.  

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Harry and Rafe get back together to discuss how things have been for the last eight weeks.  What follows is a typical Buf conversation about where the show will be headed for the next couple of weeks.  Shenanigans abound, of course. 

Bringing high-speed internet access to every U.S. household is one goal of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. To do that, we’re gonna need a lot more fiber-optic cables. Per the Build America Buy America Act, the $42 billion in federal funding designated for expanding high-speed internet access has to be spent on American-made cables and the optical fibers that make them up. So in this episode, we’ll visit a factory in Claremont, North Carolina, to see how they’re made and learn why the U.S. wants fiber prioritized over other ways to connect to the internet.

Bringing high-speed internet access to every U.S. household is one goal of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. To do that, we’re gonna need a lot more fiber-optic cables. Per the Build America Buy America Act, the $42 billion in federal funding designated for expanding high-speed internet access has to be spent on American-made cables and the optical fibers that make them up. So in this episode, we’ll visit a factory in Claremont, North Carolina, to see how they’re made and learn why the U.S. wants fiber prioritized over other ways to connect to the internet.

Send us a Text Message.Today's episode covers xAI's release of Grok-2 and Grok-2 mini, the massive National Public Data breach, which exposed personal information of nearly 3 billion individuals,  and a new advancement in the race to build the first practical quantum internet. Researchers successfully maintained entangled photons through existing fiber-optic cables under New York City streets, demonstrating the potential for building large-scale quantum networks using current telecommunications infrastructure. From Perplexity's Discover Feed: https://www.perplexity.ai/page/xai-drops-grok-2-WLXj2c77RvO5FpNslpSc8ghttps://www.perplexity.ai/page/the-big-national-data-breach-20Gxud0QR9eJBKYXJjnrzghttps://www.perplexity.ai/page/entangled-photons-under-nyc-SBcRwJSPRLiz1cYEjF3BgQPerplexity is the fastest and most powerful way to search the web. Perplexity crawls the web and curates the most relevant and up-to-date sources (from academic papers to Reddit threads) to create the perfect response to any question or topic you're interested in. Take the world's knowledge with you anywhere. Available on iOS and Android Join our growing Discord community for the latest updates and exclusive content. Follow us on: Instagram Threads X (Twitter) YouTube Linkedin

From the BBC World Service: Google is expanding its network infrastructure, with an aim of enhancing internet connectivity and competing in the cloud computing market. Then, days after President Biden imposed higher tariffs on EVs from China, Elon Musk says he doesn't support them — contradicting a warning he made back in January that Chinese carmakers would “demolish” global competitors if there were no trade barriers. Our May fundraiser ends Friday, and we need your help to reach our goal. Give today and help fund public service journalism for all!

From the BBC World Service: Google is expanding its network infrastructure, with an aim of enhancing internet connectivity and competing in the cloud computing market. Then, days after President Biden imposed higher tariffs on EVs from China, Elon Musk says he doesn't support them — contradicting a warning he made back in January that Chinese carmakers would “demolish” global competitors if there were no trade barriers. Our May fundraiser ends Friday, and we need your help to reach our goal. Give today and help fund public service journalism for all!

COP28 Host Had Plans to Promote Oil and Gas, Documents ShowThe United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP28, began this week in Dubai. This is an annual event, where leaders and delegates from around the world come together to discuss how to collaboratively reach important milestones for the future of the planet. Goals like slowing the rise of temperatures on Earth will require buy-in from all major players to be successful.But this week, a document leaked that showed the United Arab Emirates planned something at odds with the event: promotion of the oil and gas industries. This has led to increased skepticism of COP and its goals among both critics and attendees.Ira is joined by Tim Revell, deputy US editor of New Scientist, to talk about this story. Plus, how a single bitcoin transaction uses enough water to fill a swimming pool, the way nutrients in soil drive biodiversity, and how amino acids could be formed alongside stars.Researchers Detected Cicada Emergence With Fiber-OpticsIf you were in the eastern United States during the summer of 2021, you likely heard the incessant, whirring buzz caused by the mass emergence of Brood X periodical cicadas. That event, which occurs once every 17 years, brought forth countless cicadas to shed their skins, mate, lay eggs, and die. But it turns out their arrival wasn't just something that you could witness out the lawn or against your car windshield. The sound of their emergence was something that could be detected by fiber-optic cables.Dr. Sarper Ozharar, a researcher who studies optical networking and sensing at NEC Labs in Princeton, New Jersey, has worked on techniques using fiber-optics to sense the vibrations of things like traffic, sirens, and gunshots. Loud noises produce vibrations that subtly distort optical “backscatter” within a glass fiber-optic cable. Using AI, researchers can decode those vibrations and determine what, and where, a noise may have occurred near the fiber.In the summer of 2021, Ozharar and colleagues detected an unusual frequency signal in their test data. With the help of entomologist Dr. Jessica Ware of the American Museum of Natural History, they eventually determined that it was the whirring of the cicada swarm. Their find is the topic of a report published this week in the Journal of Insect Science.Ozharar joins Ira Flatow to talk about how fiber-optic sensing works, and how an electronics and communications lab ended up publishing in an entomology journal. To stay updated on all things science, sign up for Science Friday's newsletters. Transcripts for each segment will be available the week after the show airs on sciencefriday.com.