Podcasts about Indira Gandhi

In this episode of The Mohua Show, host Mohua Chinappa sits down with Pavithra Muddaya, co-founder of the Vimmore Museum of Living Textiles, to explore India's extraordinary handloom heritage, the stories of its artisans, and the enduring power of craft traditions.Drawing from over four decades of experience working with weavers across India, Pavithra shares her remarkable journey of starting a business at the age of 16 after losing her father, preserving disappearing textile traditions, and creating designs that have shaped India's textile landscape, including sarees worn by Indira Gandhi.Together, they discuss the evolution of Indian handlooms, the challenges faced by artisan communities, the impact of commercialization and fast fashion, and why preserving traditional knowledge systems is more important than ever. They also explore the philosophy of sharing knowledge, the role of women in sustaining craft traditions, and how textiles carry stories of identity, culture, memory, and human connection.From forgotten weaving techniques and sustainable practices to the emotional relationship between artisans and their craft, this conversation offers a profound perspective on heritage, creativity, entrepreneurship, and the human stories woven into every thread.Whether you're passionate about Indian culture, handloom traditions, sustainable fashion, entrepreneurship, history, or simply curious about the lives and legacies of artisans, this conversation offers a thoughtful and inspiring journey into one of India's richest cultural traditions.

What if better management starts with seeing connections that were there all along? In this conversation, Balaji Reddie and Andrew Stotz unpack one of the most powerful and overlooked ideas in management: that everything is connected. Drawing on Dr. W. Edwards Deming's systems thinking, he explains why the problems we face today were set in motion long before we noticed them, and why the solutions are rarely where we think to look.    Along the way, a cup of coffee becomes a window into five years of invisible effort, hydrogen and oxygen defy everything we'd expect, and a classroom game reveals that cooperation isn't a soft ideal — it might just be human nature. Whether you run a team of two or a global organization, this episode will quietly shift the way you read a situation, ask a question, or respond to a problem. TRANSCRIPT 0:00:02.2 Andrew Stotz: My name is Andrew Stotz, and I'll be your host as we dive deeper into the teachings of Dr. W. Edwards Deming. Today, I'm continuing my discussions with Balaji Reddie, an educator and trainer in the teachings of Dr. Deming and quality management generally. The topic for today is connectedness, which will help you see things you normally would not see. Balaji, how are you?   0:00:30.7 Balaji Reddie: I'm good, I'm fine.   0:00:32.5 Andrew Stotz: Nice to connect with you.   0:00:34.1 Balaji Reddie: Yes, same here.   0:00:35.3 Andrew Stotz: Connectedness day.   0:00:36.5 Balaji Reddie: Yeah, connectedness, absolutely. Yeah, we chose this term very carefully, right?   0:00:42.6 Andrew Stotz: I suspect you have, given your precision.   [laughter]   0:00:47.4 Balaji Reddie: Yeah, to see things that you normally would not see, let me attribute this to Henry Neave, who said that he heard Deming say this during his last three or four seminars in England, right? In Britain rather. Yeah, I think it was mostly in England. And he said, when he heard him say that, he said, "I am not here to teach you anything new. I'm here to make you see things that you normally would not see." And I would like to just expand on that and say when you see things differently, obviously, you observe, you record different things. And when you record different things, you ask different questions. When you ask different questions, you get different answers. And when you get different answers, you draw different conclusions. When you draw different conclusions, you take different decisions. And when you take different decisions, you get different results. It's insanity to expect different results by asking the same questions every single time. So management is not so much about giving the right answers as much as it is about asking the correct questions. And I think Dr. Deming helps you do that. He helps you ask the correct questions.   0:02:02.2 Balaji Reddie: Now coming to the word connectedness. We spoke about the System of Profound Knowledge, a unified theory of leadership and management, where Dr. Deming brings together four sciences. And the first one he says about systems thinking, or what he called as appreciation for a system, appreciation for a fact that everything is systemic. There's nothing that happens in isolation, right? And the second one, of course, he said was understanding variation, then understanding theory of knowledge and understanding psychology. But he said, all four are equally important, et cetera. And then comes the, I won't say contradictory, but a chapter before Profound Knowledge on systems especially. So that's where I decided to use the word connectedness, that all these are connected. What did he mean by that? So I believe he wanted people to learn about connectedness and systems first.   0:03:01.6 Balaji Reddie: So let's dive right there. What did he always say about systems, or connectedness as we say here? And let's get into his definition for system. And he says that "a system is a network," right, "of interdependent components that work together to achieve the aim of the system." And then he says "every system must have an aim. Without an aim, there is no system." And very well articulated throughout this book which he wrote, he always began with aim of the chapter. Even in Out of the Crisis, he always started with aim of a chapter. So network of interdependent components. So let's just break it down, because the three important words are network, interdependent, and aim. And he says aim comes first because without the aim, there is no system.   0:04:00.6 Balaji Reddie: Right. And he goes on to tell us what the aim of a system should be. Okay. He says here that the recommended aim should be for everybody to gain. Now, in one of the paragraphs there, management's job, where he says should be to make it clear, the first step is clarification. Everyone in the organization must understand the aim and how to direct their efforts towards the aim, right? And everyone must understand, okay, this is important. The danger and loss to the whole organization from a team that seeks to become a selfish, independent profit center. Right. So he says here we need to give both, why we need to do what we need to do. And he says the aim precedes the system. Now, I would like to leave this discussion right here. We will cover this in our 14 Points, our session on the 14 Points, because I believe the word aim and purpose are, they go hand in hand. Aim gives us a direction and purpose gives us the reason why we exist, right? And so the direction of all the efforts, you can see the development. He says here, he gives some examples that the system must create something of value. In other words, results. The intended results along with consideration of recipients and of cost mold the aim of the system. So he said it should be something that makes life better for everyone.   0:05:39.8 Balaji Reddie: Now, he was talking about a man-made system here. Remember, he wrote this for organizations, but I think I mentioned this before that this can equally be applied to natural systems, if you want to really study them in detail. I remember talking to Barbara Lawton about this, and I said, "Natural systems, they do have an aim. It's just that we've not understood it." The purpose and aim of, in fact, that was the basis for my paper, which I delivered at the Deming Research Seminar in 2002. And the title of my paper was Deming and Ecology. And I was trying to put together the thoughts of the physicist Fritjof Capra, who wrote some wonderful books like The Tao of Physics, The Turning Point, The Web of Life, and The Hidden Connections. And The Systems View of Life is also one of the sub-books or booklets that he came out with. But these were his wonderful books. At the time, he had not yet written The Hidden Connections, right? So based on his three books that I had read up until then, of course, one was called Uncommon Wisdom, where he reproduced some of the interviews he had with some systems thinkers in the world, including people not from conventional systems thinking. For example, he also reproduced his interaction with the then Prime Minister or the ex-Prime Minister of India, Mrs. Indira Gandhi, and how he spent time with her, because he was over here in India for quite some time studying the language Sanskrit and studying the texts over here, because he learned about systems thinking even deeper.   0:07:25.1 Balaji Reddie: So over there, he wanted to, he raised a question, what is the purpose? So I wanted to use Dr. Deming's theories to understand the purpose of a natural system and what is the purpose of man [laughter] in this natural system. So that was my theory. And that's when this aim thing became more and more clear. And Barbara said, "No, you're right. There is an aim. It's just that we're trying to understand it. Without that, you won't have the system working so beautifully. There is something that is at work." Right. And he says here, management of a system. And then he says that a system includes the future. And now here's where, when you talk about system includes the future, he mentions Peter Senge in his book, if you know about The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. And that's where this fantastic statement comes in because he says delayed effects. So although, Deming never used these words directly, but here I am putting among the first principles of systems thinking is that cause and effect are not closely related in time or space. Right. And that gives a lot of frightening conclusions, or inferences that you can draw from this. If I say that, by the way, that cause and effect are not closely related in time or space, and if I ask you what you understand by this statement, your first knee-jerk reaction would be what I do today, the consequences would be felt in another time at another place. Absolutely right. That's exactly what this means. But the converse is also true. What we get to see in front of our eyes, the origins are at another time and another place.   0:09:15.9 Balaji Reddie: So we only see the event, but systems thinking teaches us there are no events in this world. There are only eventualities. Now, this comes into play when you start doing a study, typically when people learn about quality, and then the first thing they learn is to, okay, identify a problem and try to solve it, right? And then they start asking the question, "Why did this happen?" And then you draw a fishbone diagram, which is, you know, one of the most popular tools. But the problem there is you need to arrange the causes logically and not categorically. And you also need to take into account that these causes are also related to each other. You can't isolate them. And the fact that, there could be an element of time over here, right, that this is a delayed effect that you're seeing. So the effect comes much later. And sometimes it could be weeks and months. So you have to take that into account, right? So the cause and effect are not true, which means then the next corollary from this statement is that seemingly disconnected events turn out to be connected. And so when you are studying something that's happening in front of your eyes, very quickly you ask the question, "What else happened a month ago, a week ago, that we seem to have missed? Are we missing something here?" So that's one of those things that we need to get into, right? We need to go backwards in time and not look at the localized stuff here. We need to look in space all around and try to figure out where and how we need to change things.   0:11:06.1 Andrew Stotz: It's also interesting to think about all the things that have to have happened for an outcome to occur today the way you want it, that is the right outcome.   0:11:19.8 Balaji Reddie: Yes.   0:11:21.4 Andrew Stotz: And a good example I use for that, and I was just talking two different times this week with my team, is coffee. Coffee is a really interesting one, because when you go to a coffee shop, they make you a cup of coffee, they give you a cup of coffee, but what you don't realize is that there was a farmer, took him five years to grow that tree. And then they had to pick it at the right time. You pick it at the wrong time, it goes wrong.   0:11:47.4 Balaji Reddie: Oh, yeah.   0:11:48.3 Andrew Stotz: They put it into some water. They leave it in too long, it's fermented. They leave it in too short, it doesn't, the shell doesn't come off. And then if they, once they've worked on it, if they have their grinders that are getting off the mucilage off of it, if they're too tight, well, then you're going to get a little slice off the top of the bean. And then when that goes to the roasting machine, that's going to burn right there because there's no protection in that area. But they got to get all of those things right all the way to that barista. And if that barista just basically doesn't check the water temperature, it's done.   0:12:29.5 Balaji Reddie: It's done. [laughter]   0:12:29.9 Andrew Stotz: You throw it away. And when you think about it, I have another lesson that I give to young people about capitalism, that how all of these decisions are happening all along the way. And when that happens, there's waste in the system. And that waste goes back all the way back to the effort of the farmer five years ago when they planted that tree.   0:12:51.8 Balaji Reddie: That's right.   0:12:52.3 Andrew Stotz: And so reducing waste is not only good for you and good for costs in general, but it has a respect for the process, a respect for the system.   0:13:04.0 Balaji Reddie: Yes. Connectedness. Reconnected. [laughter]   0:13:07.6 Andrew Stotz: Well, and the other thing I tell them is I say, and here you have a coffee bean coming from this country that's then being shipped to this country. They never met.   0:13:16.8 Balaji Reddie: Yeah.   0:13:17.1 Andrew Stotz: And that's capitalism. You trade. In fact, they may not speak the same language.   0:13:23.1 Balaji Reddie: Absolutely.   0:13:23.5 Andrew Stotz: Or they may even be enemies. They may hate each other.   0:13:26.9 Balaji Reddie: Yeah.   0:13:27.4 Andrew Stotz: And yet they trade.   0:13:29.5 Balaji Reddie: Yeah.   0:13:31.1 Andrew Stotz: And so it's a voluntary connectedness that happens through capitalism. Anyways.   0:13:37.2 Balaji Reddie: Yeah. The right quality and uniformity are foundations for commerce, prosperity, and peace. [laughter] That's Deming for you.   0:13:46.1 Andrew Stotz: Yeah.   0:13:46.3 Balaji Reddie: I think he chose that sentence so beautifully. It goes into the Deming Medal. He knew what he was talking about. So he was talking about systems, and I think profound knowledge came towards the end of his life, and rightly so. It came as a revelation, as a catharsis. I think he went through all of that, especially, I think it was between '88 and '89, if I'm not mistaken. Jaki Graham talks about this very, very funnily. She says that they were giving him pure oxygen and maybe that made his brain cells go alive. [laughter] And he could think so clearly. He was getting pure oxygen. And so his thought process...   0:14:31.0 Andrew Stotz: By the way, for the listeners out there, you may feel like I feel when I think about how Dr. Deming didn't really come out with the System of Profound Knowledge until he was, early '90s, let's say, '90s. You think to yourself, okay, I still have time to come up with my incredible insight on...   0:14:52.4 Balaji Reddie: Correct.   0:14:52.9 Andrew Stotz: Bringing together all my experience.   0:14:55.1 Balaji Reddie: Yeah. So because I think I shared this with you before that when you read Mary Walton's book and he says, "No, I don't think I'm ready to establish an institute," and he only did it one month before he passed. So I think by that time he was quite sure what he created was quite amazing, and it'll stand the test of time, right? And although, the title of the book is The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education, I believe it is industry, government, education, and healthcare. Because when he was in Japan, he said Japan must see itself as a system. And when he got the Deming Medal, that's what he said. Oh, sorry, when he got the Emperor's Medal, the Second Order of the Sacred Treasure. And he was talking to the Japanese Prime Minister. And he said, "You all must see yourselves as a system." And the four sectors of industry, government, education, and healthcare must work together. So he meant it as in the broadest sense of the term, right? And that's why this word system. So the first thing, of course, cause and effect are not closely related. Seemingly disconnected events turn out to be connected. The third important thing here in systems thinking is the reductionist thinking that we have.   0:16:12.0 Balaji Reddie: We believe the word analysis means dissection. And if you look deeply and read the book Mind and the World Order, what is the purpose of analysis? The purpose of analysis is not dissection. That's just the act of breaking a system down. But the purpose of analysis is interrelationships, establishing the interrelationships or understanding the connectedness. And I find it quite funny because people say analysis is dissection, and so they came up with a new term, really not necessary, synthesis, bringing it all together. There was no need for that term. You're not engaging in what, tautology? [laughter] You didn't need that. Analysis itself means dissecting and understanding relationships, right?   0:17:02.2 Andrew Stotz: Hmm.   0:17:03.3 Balaji Reddie: And so he said here, we have that reductionist thinking, but we forget that in a system, you have what are called synergistic relationships. You cannot understand a system by breaking it down into its components and studying the components separately and then believing that the components and their attributes and what they do gives the output of what we see. No, you could be completely wrong here. It's not what they do separately. Okay, it's a good thing to understand the components of a system and study them and maybe even establish connectedness, but sometimes what the results you see are quite contrary to what they could be giving separately. I'll give you an example here. Take the case of water. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. You cannot study and draw conclusions about water by studying the attributes of hydrogen and oxygen separately. You'd be making a mistake, a grave error. Okay, let's do that. Hydrogen, a highly inflammable gas, catches fire like this. Oxygen feeds fire. But you put them together and they give you something that quenches fire. Hydrogen is not wet. Oxygen is not wet. But water is wet. [laughter] How do you explain this?   0:18:25.9 Balaji Reddie: All right. If you take the case of sugar, it's a hydrocarbon. Try tasting hydrogen. All right, try tasting carbon. Now put them together and see what you get. Now, can it not be then that you are studying a system and when you break things down and you're studying the components separately, you could be making the same error? It's not what they do separately, it's what they do together. It's the same with sections in a company, departments in a company, companies themselves. Today, we use this sophisticated term, supply chain, call it what you will. I love to use the word provider network. I don't like using the word supplier any longer. I like to use the word provider, because today we're living in a different world. We're getting activities done by someone else, and you can't say he's supplying me this activity. He's providing me this service, right? So provider is a better term to use than supplier. And it's no longer a chain. It's a network, right? It's more lateral. It's all over the place. It's not linear. You're doing a huge disservice by using the term supply chain, because it's not bringing out what exactly is happening right there.   0:19:38.3 Balaji Reddie: And today's supply chains or provider networks are globally dispersed. So you need to have something that connects them. You just said that, the farmer could be in a different country, speaking a different language, maybe he didn't even know where it is being used, and they could hate each other, but they have to work, [laughter] you need to work together. So there's some kind of connectedness that comes in once again. But here's where people make mistakes. So you're talking about synergistic relationships. So sometimes in a team, now here's where all that incentive pay and choosing employee of the month can destroy a system.   0:20:18.8 Balaji Reddie: It could have been the entire team that did well, and they did well because they worked as a team. And it was synergistic, where some components had to, I can't use the right word, but maybe had to underperform so that the system came out ahead. It's like the organs of the human body, right? That's an interconnected, interdependent system. You have a primary function of each of the organs, but there are many other functions we are still discovering, right? For example, if you take the case of ears, besides hearing, they're responsible for balance in our body, right? Eyes, besides sight, they are also responsible for balance in our body. If you try this yoga position, you know, there's a yoga, so to say, yeah, you stand on one leg. And then you lift one leg off the ground and put the ball of your heel on the knee, the other leg's knee. And then you hold your hands above your head to form like a namaste or a triangle. As long as your eyes are open, you stand upright. Shut your eyes, you fall. It's a system and we don't even realize it, right? So this is something we're still...   0:21:38.3 Andrew Stotz: You also fall in that posture when your teacher says, as mine did once, "Now you're in the position. Now raise your other leg."   [laughter]   0:21:54.5 Andrew Stotz: My yoga teacher didn't come yesterday, but I did my sessions every day. But I haven't been able to do that one yet.   0:22:03.6 Balaji Reddie: We had that joke in school. Why does the crane stand on one leg? [laughter] 'Cause if it raised the other leg, it'd fall. [laughter] So it continues standing on one leg. So yes. So you have the synergistic relationships which exist, all right? And it's so difficult then to establish these interrelationships. And sometimes they're visible, sometimes they're not, all right? And sometimes you get to see the results right up front. Sometimes you get to see them in time delay. And that is why Deming said continual improvement. It never stops. Continual learning. You can never say you have complete knowledge of a process or a system. You can never say that, right? And now comes the best part. When you say here that all these are interconnected and there's synergy and then there's cause and effect not closely related in time and space, the output of a system, that is why, is subject to variation. And that's why the study of variation becomes important, right?   0:23:16.2 Balaji Reddie: And when you draw a diagram saying, suppose you say this is a system and all the components are there and you draw the interconnectedness and you draw an arrow and you say, "Okay, you're getting the system is subject to variation," right? Can you with absolute certainty say that because here, because the funny thing is each of the component's performance is also subject to variation, right? So can you say that, this combination gave me this output? You can never say that. You can only say it's probable, might be somewhere here. And so I think Walter Shewhart's greatness was in recognizing that what is natural to a system and what is not natural. When do you start asking the question, "What do I know about this?" When you cannot predict. When you can predict with a certain amount of certainty that this is going to happen.   0:24:14.6 Balaji Reddie: It is between these two limits. Well, then that's when you say, "Okay, I think I know quite a bit about this, but I don't know much. I want to reduce those limits, because I want to be as certain as possible when I make a prediction." And that was what was continual learning. It was not so much about cost. It was as much as it had to do about understanding and predicting. I know what's going to happen next. To a certain extent, this will happen. This will happen, right? And that's where the understanding of variation comes in. Okay, and then he brought in the third, that in variation, you saw that there were what he called as random variation and assignable variation, or what Deming had common and special cause variation. Common causes belong to the system and special causes are alien to the system under study, right? And so say it's easier to identify the special causes because they tell you something is not right. And so you can say, "I know it happened." You can isolate and say, "This is the cause," right? It makes it easier for you then to isolate that, study it, but...   0:25:30.1 Andrew Stotz: I just had that happen this morning.   0:25:32.4 Balaji Reddie: Okay.   0:25:33.7 Andrew Stotz: I'll give you an example.   0:25:35.2 Balaji Reddie: Yeah, sure.   0:25:36.0 Andrew Stotz: I've been working with my accounting team and what we're trying to do is make sure we have on-time and accurate monthly financial statements. And I've chosen those words very, very carefully. And what I've done with the team is ask them, there's no pressure in this. All I'm asking you to do is pick a day that you think we will be able to have on-time and accurate monthly financial statements. And then they pick their days for each month to the end of the year, which pretty much certainty accounting is a repeating of a similar function. And so then as I was talking with them throughout that day, I said, "Why are these boxes piled up around here?" And they said, "Well, the room that we store them in is getting full." The paper, 'cause you have a regulation in Thailand, you have to have your accounting documents for up to six or eight years on premises in case the revenue department comes. So I said, "Well, show me that room." And we went to the room and it was an absolute mess. It's like people have been dumping boxes and papers in there for five years.   0:26:51.6 Balaji Reddie: Wow.   0:26:52.6 Andrew Stotz: And I said, "Okay. You got to clean up this room this month." They're like, "Ah, it's going to take us two months." I said, "Look, this is critical." And they agreed. And so they have now completed that task, but it consumed so much of their time to do that. And it looks beautiful now. But they're two days late on the on-time and accurate monthly financials. And if we were to look at that on a control chart, we would see that it's a big deviation from what they've been able to do. But that special cause is almost meaningless, just as meaningless as the random variation in the sense that this was just a simple situation where there was a trade-off, they made the trade-off, and it's an acceptable trade-off.   0:27:43.1 Balaji Reddie: Yeah, I'd like to put it this way. When you know why it has happened, it's not that harmful, right? As long as you can predict when we do something. It's the unpredictability that makes a special cause harmful. And that's why when I used the term that Deming's thinking was about reducing or eliminating harmful variation, that is things which get out of your hand and you usually don't know why it's happening. So once you get to know, I believe that this could be connected, yeah, that's a good place to start, right?   0:28:15.7 Andrew Stotz: Yeah. Now, someone that doesn't understand the situation and look back over time may not understand what that cause was, which I'm thinking that I want to develop kind of a note-taking system where we actually write down what was that so that we have a record and an understanding of it. But...   0:28:37.1 Balaji Reddie: Yeah. And so when you say here that there's so many, that complete knowledge is not possible, and that's where you start thinking that was Deming being a pessimist to say complete knowledge is not possible, unknown and unknowable. But no, he was just being realistic. But he did not leave us right there. He said the way you can make the unknown as known as possible is through the theory of knowledge. And that's how the whole thing is. It's beautifully done, what the theory of knowledge is. But he says here, very simply, one of those exercises which you see in the new edition of The New Economics on page 58. But if you go to the old edition, right? That's, I believe, on... Where would that be? Page 84. The example he gives there, effect, the plans and their effect, area A, B, and C, the matrix diagram, if you see that?   0:29:50.0 Andrew Stotz: Yeah.   0:29:50.5 Balaji Reddie: That he says was devised by Henry. And then, of course, he picked on that and put it into his book. I got a chance to actually work on this in the form of a game. And the game, I would break up the audience into four or five groups of five people each and then say, "You're department A, department B, department C," and then have a host of projects lined up for them. And I say, "Now you're going to be ranked and rated based on how you do as a department." And so they would choose those projects where only they were benefiting, right? And obviously, that's what you see in the first table. A chooses three projects, and B chooses two projects, and C chooses three projects. And you see the plus signs there indicating that it's for them, for them alone. And then they are exposed to the fact that, wait a minute, now we're going to give you some extra information. You chose these projects because they were good for you, but now we're going to tell you that these were bad for the others, right? And only one of them was good.   0:30:59.9 Balaji Reddie: And I say, "Okay, now here's this extra information you've been given. Now what are you going to do?" All right. And I said, "I'm giving you five minutes to... Because the company is going to do badly, right? And even though you get a good rating, but the company does badly and eventually the company might have to shut down. So what would you want to do now? I'm giving you five minutes to rectify this." You know, Andrew, not even five minutes was necessary. They would come back within two or three minutes and say, "Let's just choose those projects where everyone gains." And I was surprised the first time that happened. And that's why Deming said cooperation is the key and it is natural. It's just that we have brought in this competition thing. So competition is not natural. He says cooperation is natural. [laughter]   0:31:53.9 Andrew Stotz: And that, in Asia, and I can speak to Thailand, what I like to tell people here in Thailand for managers and people running business is that the core strength of Thai people is that they want to work together. So when you break them up and you put them into groups and then you incentivize them either by group or by individual, you destroy one of their core strengths.   0:32:28.7 Balaji Reddie: Right.   0:32:29.1 Andrew Stotz: That's not a core strength of American. A lot of Americans don't want to work together. They just want to do their own thing. Right? They've been trained to be independent and they don't want that hassle. But in Asia, particularly in Thailand, where we're struggling to bring more and more value, what's happened is the KPI mentality of divide and conquer really is damaging. And it brings me to another point or question that I wanted to mention, and that is about the natural... My mom has a saying, and it's "inch by inch, it's a cinch, yard by yard, it's hard." And what she was telling me was to break things down into manageable parts and then work on the next right part, and then you will start to make progress. And we have studied under Adam Smith and the concept of how division of labor brings value, can increase output. And so there's a whole side of things. And then we're incentivized as individuals, particularly in the West, but let's say generally that, if it's to be, it's going to be up to you and you got to make yourself performance and your department's performance. I don't care about the others. I care about what you're doing with yours.   0:32:54.6 Andrew Stotz: So there's an accountability aspect and it all comes together to give people the perception that, hey, I need to break this down into smaller parts. And so there's just this natural inclination to do that. And if you were to say to people, you can't break it down into individual parts, that also doesn't work. You have to be able to understand the different parts and their interconnectedness, going back to what you're saying.   0:34:26.8 Balaji Reddie: Yes.   0:34:27.1 Andrew Stotz: But there's a lot of different things that I'm saying here. But I think the thing that I'm saying is that the pressure on most people is to divide and conquer, to say, "I'm going to go and look at this department and you and your performance." And what Deming was saying was, you've got to look wider than that if you're really going to be successful. Tell me where I'm right or wrong or give me some guidance.   0:34:53.5 Balaji Reddie: Yeah. I mean, that's exactly how it is. And I just told you that when I saw this happen, it was like an eye-opener. And then what happened after that was, okay, there were some other projects which where we were not going to do well, but the company's going to come out ahead. So why don't we choose those? And that's exactly what you see in the table, that they choose certain projects where they themselves are... Now that's real optimization, right? That's getting the best for everyone.   0:35:23.4 Andrew Stotz: Yeah.   0:35:24.8 Balaji Reddie: And today it's become an overused and abused term. For anything they use the word optimize. I think Deming was way very clear about this 30 years ago when he came up with this idea. And he said it's for everybody to gain. It's not compromise, it's optimization. Right? So I, of course, have a different take on optimize and we'll see that next week when we come into four parts of profound knowledge. So I'd like to end here with talking about cooperation is the key and I think we realized why.   0:35:59.1 Andrew Stotz: Okay.   0:35:59.8 Balaji Reddie: Deming says it's not about each other, it's win-win. The system should... And he gives that lovely example in the same chapter, the last example, where he talks about the truck company, the two truckers who used to keep their establishment open. Alternately overnight so that both could gain and they would use each other's resources. He said, "I was surprised when I called the pickup truck and I saw that the truck was from his competitor. He sent his competitor's truck to pick up my car." That was a classic case of cooperation. So since he ends with that, he ends that chapter, I'd like to also speak about that. Cooperation is the key because we are dealing with something very complex, right? And none of us is as strong as all of us. It's not just about, like you said, because cause and effect are not closely related, it is imperative now that we need to work together. So that was with systems thinking. Cause and effect are not closely related. There exist synergistic relationships. Seemingly disconnected events turn out to be connected. And outputs are the result of a myriad of inputs. You can never say you know everything. So that was systems thinking for you as they apply to the elements of profound knowledge as well.   0:37:33.3 Andrew Stotz: Great.   0:37:33.7 Balaji Reddie: Next week, we'll get into profound knowledge.   0:37:37.1 Andrew Stotz: You know, I think my ending thought on this goes back to the concept of meditation.   0:37:45.4 Balaji Reddie: Okay.   0:37:45.9 Andrew Stotz: Concept of insight meditation or Vipassana or...   0:37:52.6 Balaji Reddie: Vipassana.   0:37:53.7 Andrew Stotz: Yeah. So part of what I understand about meditation is the idea of clearing our mind in this moment. It may also be just observing our mind and just observing all that's happening and going on, which is fine. And let's say that a meditation master may be able to clear their mind. But let's just say that what we're trying to do is come down to this instant, this moment. And I remember during COVID when a lot of pressures were on in my business and stuff, I used to meditate and focus on one saying, which is, "I'm okay right now at this moment."   0:38:36.7 Balaji Reddie: Right.   0:38:37.1 Andrew Stotz: And why this is interesting is because let's say this moment is time zero. What you've just explained is that there's about 50 million things before time zero that have been connected in one way or another that got you to time zero.   0:38:55.1 Balaji Reddie: Yes.   0:38:55.3 Andrew Stotz: And you also said that a system, as Deming said, is a system includes the future.   0:39:00.2 Balaji Reddie: Future.   0:39:01.2 Andrew Stotz: And that's going to be a function of all the different things that happen after time zero, the interconnected things. And it just made me realize, ah, so the value of meditation, I can see it even more now when I think about all the connections on both the future side and the past side. And so it just helped me think about it from that perspective, a little bit different, but anyways.   0:39:23.4 Balaji Reddie: Yep.   0:39:24.9 Andrew Stotz: So I just want to thank you for taking the time. And in fact, what I was thinking is that I need to do more interviews with our advisors and other board members of the Institute, including yourself, because they've all got a lot to say. And I've got some discussions going on with that right now. So I'm looking forward to that. And so I appreciate the discussion and the journey that you're taking us on. And just for the listeners out there, remember to go to deming.org and jump into DemingNEXT to continue your journey.   0:40:03.8 Balaji Reddie: Yes, absolutely.   0:40:05.3 Andrew Stotz: There's so much, so much to learn and explore. So I'm going to wrap it up there. This is your host, Andrew Stotz, and I'll leave you with one of my favorite quotes from Dr. Deming, and that is, "People are entitled," that includes you...   0:40:21.7 Balaji Reddie: Yes.   0:40:22.4 Andrew Stotz: Are entitled to joy in work.

IntroductionThis is a Dakini Conversations interview podcast (June 1 2026) with a woman who needs little introduction in India: Maneka Gandhi. She is widely known not only as a former member of the socially and politically influential Gandhi family, but also as a leading animal rights advocate, founder of major animal welfare initiatives, environmentalist, vegan campaigner, author, and former Union Minister for Women and Child Development.When I first searched online for a prominent animal welfare campaigner in India to interview, Maneka Gandhi's name immediately came up. At the time, I knew little of her remarkable and tragic personal history. Only after she kindly and immediately accepted my interview request did I learn more: that she was the daughter-in-law of India's first female Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, who was assassinated, and the widow of Sanjay Gandhi, who died in a plane crash just 100 days after the birth of their son, when Maneka was only 23 years old.Despite such profound loss, Maneka Gandhi went on to build a life not only as a leading female politician but notable public service to animals and the environment. With the money left to her by her late husband, she founded an animal welfare hospital and later established People for Animals, now one of India's largest animal welfare organisations. She has been active in Indian politics for over 30 years, and has written several books on animal rights, law, and etymology.This was my first time meeting and speaking with Maneka Gandhi, whom people address as Mrs. Gandhi ji. We had agreed in advance that I would not focus on her personal or political life, but on her activities in animal welfare, the environment, vegan diet, and women.Although we had never met before, Maneka—now 70—was open, direct, approachable yet someone who did not suffer fools too gladly (a bit like myself in that respect). She also shared some fascinating reflections and personal anecdotes including how she had told the 14th Dalai Lama to stop "boasting" about eating meat for health as it had a negative influence on people.  But also, how conversely, how the 17th Karmapa influenced vegetarianism and animal rights in India in a very positive way and was like an "angel" in that respect. She also shared her thoughts on a popular belief that the Buddha was poisoned by pork as his final meal, as a mistranslation of the original Pali. Other topics, included how she had wanted to ban Tibetans from India, for their role in wildlife hunting (for an animal skins), her views on meat as being the main issue in all environmental concerns and even conflict between Hindus and Muslims (due to their wanting to eat beef/cow).For the record, I do not follow Indian politics and remain entirely impartial in that sphere. My reason for inviting Maneka Gandhi was to highlight her significant and beneficial work for animals in India. We also touched briefly on her work for women, including some of her achievements in that area, such as pensions.Whatever one's political views, Maneka Gandhi stands as a prime example of resilience, intelligence, and courage—someone who has overcome immense hardship and used her life to benefit others in both public and private spheres. The fact that she, as a widower, lone mother and woman who has done that makes it even more inspiring.Two years ago, I noted, that Maneka said in an interview: “I believe my life only has meaning if it reduces some amount of suffering.” As a woman and a Buddhist, that statement deeply resonated with me, and it is one I was honoured to discuss with one of the most prominent, powerful and influential women in India.

The ‘great acceleration' is a term used to describe the dramatic surge in the 1950s of both human and earth systems indicators that marked a shift from a relatively stable planetary state to one that's characterised by increasing environmental instability. Alongside measures of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane levels, this shift can be tracked in numerous other areas of human activity, such as GDP, financialisation, foreign direct investment and the spread of telecommunications. In ‘The Burning Earth' (2024), Sunil Amrith uses history as a way of understanding why we got to this moment, drawing on multiple strands of human activity over more than 500 years to trace the origins of environmental crisis. In this episode, Meehan and Peter interrogate some of Amrith's major themes and examples, from the damaging impact of 18th-century ideas of freedom on our relationship to the natural world, to his analysis of postwar environmentalism through the figures of Hannah Arendt, Rachel Carson and Indira Gandhi. Non-subscribers will only hear an extract from this episode. To listen in full, and to all our other Close Readings series, sign up: Directly in Apple Podcasts: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://lrb.me/applecrna⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ture⁠⁠ In other podcast apps: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://lrb.me/closereadingsna⁠⁠⁠ture More from the LRB: ⁠https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n24/alexander-bevilacqua/friend-or-food⁠ ⁠https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v42/n22/pooja-bhatia/the-end-of-the-plantocracy⁠ ⁠https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v39/n05/benjamin-kunkel/the-capitalocene⁠ Meehan Crist and Alison Bashford on Indira Gandhi and the anthropocene: ⁠https://www.lrb.co.uk/podcasts-and-videos/podcasts/the-lrb-podcast/climate-politics-and-procreation-alison-bashford⁠ Recommendations for the London Review Bookshop from Sunil Amrith: ⁠https://www.londonreviewbookshop.co.uk/blog/2025/october/british-academy-book-prize-2025-sunil-amrith-s-reading-recommendations⁠

The Viet Cong launch a terrorist attack; Martin Luther King visits Stockholm; South Boston schoolboys attack antiwar protestors; Indira Gandhi visits New York; the Air Force investigates UFO's; Muhammad Ali takes on George Chuvalo. Newscaster: Joe Rubenstein.   Support this project on Patreon!

À l'automne 1984, l'Inde est traversée par de profondes tensions religieuses et politiques. Dans ce climat explosif, les dernières heures d'Indira Gandhi prennent une dimension tragique.Rejoignez Franck Ferrand dans cet épisode captivant des Grands dossiers de l'Histoire, alors qu'il plonge dans la vie et la mort d'Indira Gandhi, l'emblématique première ministre indienne.En octobre 1984, Indira Gandhi, âgée de 66 ans, est au cœur d'une crise politique majeure. Fille de Jawaharlal Nehru, premier chef du gouvernement indien après l'indépendance, elle a su s'imposer comme une figure politique de premier plan, capable de décisions parfois jugées brutales mais toujours guidées par un dévouement sans faille à son peuple.Indira Gandhi fait face à la menace permanente d'un assassinat, suite à l'assaut mené par l'armée indienne sur le Temple d'Or d'Amritsar, haut lieu sacré de la religion sikhe. Cet épisode douloureux a profondément choqué la communauté sikhe et engendré de vives tensions, menaçant directement la sécurité de la Première ministre.Alors que la campagne électorale bat son plein, Indira Gandhi accueille l'acteur britannique Peter Ustinov, venu pour tourner un documentaire sur sa personnalité. Mais dans les jardins de sa résidence officielle, un drame va se jouer, bouleversant à jamais l'histoire de l'Inde.Plongez dans les coulisses de cet assassinat qui a marqué la fin d'une ère. Découvrez les enjeux politiques et religieux qui ont conduit à ce tragique événement, et laissez-vous captiver par le récit passionnant de Franck Ferrand, qui vous fera revivre les dernières heures d'Indira Gandhi, cette femme d'État hors du commun.

À l'automne 1984, l'Inde est traversée par de profondes tensions religieuses et politiques. Dans ce climat explosif, les dernières heures d'Indira Gandhi prennent une dimension tragique.Rejoignez Franck Ferrand dans cet épisode captivant des Grands dossiers de l'Histoire, alors qu'il plonge dans la vie et la mort d'Indira Gandhi, l'emblématique première ministre indienne.En octobre 1984, Indira Gandhi, âgée de 66 ans, est au cœur d'une crise politique majeure. Fille de Jawaharlal Nehru, premier chef du gouvernement indien après l'indépendance, elle a su s'imposer comme une figure politique de premier plan, capable de décisions parfois jugées brutales mais toujours guidées par un dévouement sans faille à son peuple.Indira Gandhi fait face à la menace permanente d'un assassinat, suite à l'assaut mené par l'armée indienne sur le Temple d'Or d'Amritsar, haut lieu sacré de la religion sikhe. Cet épisode douloureux a profondément choqué la communauté sikhe et engendré de vives tensions, menaçant directement la sécurité de la Première ministre.Alors que la campagne électorale bat son plein, Indira Gandhi accueille l'acteur britannique Peter Ustinov, venu pour tourner un documentaire sur sa personnalité. Mais dans les jardins de sa résidence officielle, un drame va se jouer, bouleversant à jamais l'histoire de l'Inde.Plongez dans les coulisses de cet assassinat qui a marqué la fin d'une ère. Découvrez les enjeux politiques et religieux qui ont conduit à ce tragique événement, et laissez-vous captiver par le récit passionnant de Franck Ferrand, qui vous fera revivre les dernières heures d'Indira Gandhi, cette femme d'État hors du commun.

Agradece a este podcast tantas horas de entretenimiento y disfruta de episodios exclusivos como éste. ¡Apóyale en iVoox! Únete a nuestra familia y descubre todo lo que tenemos para ti: Telegram TikTok Facebook Instagram ¡Mercancía y mucho más! Dale click aquí y no te pierdas de nada! https://linktr.ee/Juegodeasesinospodcast Puedes seguir nuestras paginas personales: ❤SIGUE A MARTHA: https://www.instagram.com/mar.tham/ ❤SIGUE A KIKI: https://www.instagram.com/kikive72/ . PARA CONTENIDO VIP Y EPISODIOS SIN COMERCIALES ÚNETE A NUESTRA FAMILIA EXCLUSIVA EN PATREON: ❤http://patreon.com/Juegodeasesinospodcast Fuentes de este episodio: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Indira-Gandhi https://www.britannica.com/topic/Operation-Blue-Star https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Temple https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Blue_Star https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/smt-indira-gandhi/ https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/indira-gandhi https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwyvwerr640o https://www.biography.com/political-figures/indira-gandhi https://www.biography.com/political-figures/indira-gandhi https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sanjay-Gandhi https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/180020/ https://www.nytimes.com/1980/06/23/archives/sanjay-gandhi-is-killed-in-crash-of-a-light-airplane-in-new-delhi.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S39b5laVmjs&vl=en-US https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/indira-gandhi PARA CONTENIDO VIP Y EPISODIOS SIN COMERCIALES ÚNETE A NUESTRA FAMILIA EXCLUSIVA EN PATREON: ❤Get more from Juego De Asesinos Podcast on PatreonEscucha este episodio completo y accede a todo el contenido exclusivo de Juego de Asesinos Podcast . Descubre antes que nadie los nuevos episodios, y participa en la comunidad exclusiva de oyentes en https://go.ivoox.com/sq/731758

Únete a nuestra familia y descubre todo lo que tenemos para ti:TelegramTikTokFacebookInstagram¡Mercancía y mucho más!Dale click aquí y no te pierdas de nada! https://linktr.ee/Juegodeasesinospodcast Puedes seguir nuestras paginas personales:❤SIGUE A MARTHA: https://www.instagram.com/mar.tham/❤SIGUE A KIKI: https://www.instagram.com/kikive72/ . PARA CONTENIDO VIP Y EPISODIOS SIN COMERCIALES ÚNETE A NUESTRA FAMILIA EXCLUSIVA EN PATREON:❤http://patreon.com/JuegodeasesinospodcastFuentes de este episodio:https://www.britannica.com/biography/Indira-Gandhihttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Operation-Blue-Starhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Templehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Blue_Starhttps://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/smt-indira-gandhi/https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/indira-gandhihttps://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cwyvwerr640ohttps://www.biography.com/political-figures/indira-gandhihttps://www.biography.com/political-figures/indira-gandhihttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Sanjay-Gandhihttps://www.britishpathe.com/asset/180020/https://www.nytimes.com/1980/06/23/archives/sanjay-gandhi-is-killed-in-crash-of-a-light-airplane-in-new-delhi.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S39b5laVmjs&vl=en-UShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelamhttps://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/history/indira-gandhi PARA CONTENIDO VIP Y EPISODIOS SIN COMERCIALES ÚNETE A NUESTRA FAMILIA EXCLUSIVA EN PATREON:❤Get more from Juego De Asesinos Podcast on Patreon  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Únete a nuestra familia y descubre todo lo que tenemos para ti:TelegramTikTokFacebookInstagram¡Mercancía y mucho más!Dale click aquí y no te pierdas de nada!https://linktr.ee/Juegodeasesinospodcast Puedes seguir nuestras paginas personales:❤SIGUE A MARTHA: https://www.instagram.com/mar.tham/❤SIGUE A KIKI: https://www.instagram.com/kikive72/.

Video này được chuyển thể từ bài viết gốc trên nền tảng mạng xã hội chia sẻ tri thức Spiderum

In this Telugu podcast episode, Prof. K. Nageshwar Rao, senior journalist, political analyst, and former MLC, shares rare insights from a career that spans journalism, politics, academia, and legislative responsibility. From witnessing India's media evolution since the early days of Doordarshan and The Indian Express to being part of the first 24-hour Telugu news ecosystem with TV9, he reflects on how news, narratives, and political theatre have reshaped public discourse.The conversation explores how parliamentary discussions should ideally function, the gap between democratic intent and political drama, and why voters today are often ill-informed or misinformed, echoing Jayaprakash Narayan's warning from 1997. Prof. Nageshwar breaks down the deep nexus between media, business, and politics, the systematic delegitimisation of independent journalists, and why intellectual debate has been replaced by noise-driven television formats. Drawing from ancient references like Krishna, Sita, and Buddha, he places modern democracy in a broader civilisational context.He speaks candidly about money in politics, daily expenses of MLAs and MPs, manifesto design, welfare schemes like Dalit Bandhu, and how policies are crafted more for optics than outcomes. The discussion covers voter responsibility, opposition as a democratic asset, warning signals of institutional collapse, and why a healthy opposition and free media are essential checks on unlimited power.Prof. Nageshwar also reflects on student politics, Osmania University, the limits of funding without intellectual leadership, and how some of India's finest leaders emerged from campus movements. He shares personal experiences from the time of Indira Gandhi's assassination, his transition from journalism to politics, his eight years as an MLC, achievements, regrets, and the challenge of staying intellectually honest in public life.The episode touches on threats, ideological labelling, public perception, media pressure, AI in journalism, currency performance, global awareness, and the discipline required to stay informed. With calm reasoning and sharp clarity, he explains why neutrality is not the absence of values, but the courage to speak truth without fear.If you are interested in Telugu politics, Indian democracy, journalism ethics, media influence, voter awareness, student politics, and political analysis without theatrics, this conversation offers depth, context, and perspective that cuts through the chaos.

VOV1 - Tuần qua, vận tải hàng không trên khắp Ấn Độ đã rơi vào cảnh hỗn loạn do hãng hàng không nội địa lớn nhất IndiGo liên tục hủy chuyến.Xảy ra khi du lịch hàng không Ấn Độ đang gần giai đoạn đỉnh điểm vào tháng 12, sự cố nghiêm trọng này buộc chính phủ phải công bố các biện pháp hỗ trợ đặc biệt cho hãng và giải tỏa tình trạng hàng nghìn hành khách mắc kẹt tại các sân bay.Dù đã được chính phủ thay đổi và miễn trừ một số quy định để sớm trở lại hoạt động bình thường, nhưng sự cố hàng không lần này đặt ra những dấu hỏi lớn cho hệ thống vận hành và năng lực thích nghi - không chỉ của IndiGo mà toàn ngành hàng không Ấn Độ. Góc nhìn của Phóng viên Lê Dũng - Thường trú tại Ấn Độ.Hành khách của IndiGo đứng đợi tại sân bay quốc tế Indira Gandhi ở thủ đô New Delhi ngày 5/12 khi IndiGo không thể khai thác chuyến bay nội địa nào tại sân bay này (ANI)

VOV1 -Ngày 01/12, 7 sân bay lớn của Ấn Độ, trong đó có sân bay quốc tế Indira Gandhi ở thủ đô New Delhi đã trở thành mục tiêu của một loạt cuộc tấn công mạng nhằm giả mạo tín hiệu dẫn đường GPS.

This week on the Mark Levin Show, the judges in the James Comey case are obstructing the prosecution by granting rare access to secret grand jury information under Federal Rule 6e, despite no evidence of misconduct during the indictment, effectively trying to dismiss the case before trial. The judges continue lecturing the prosecution on alleged faults which create an awful situation. Later, no we are not ready for Michelle Obama to be President. She's a radical leftist who keeps trashing our country and talking down to the people. She'd be unable to hold up to scrutiny on substantive issues had she run. She's no Margaret Thatcher, Golda Meir, Indira Gandhi, and on and on. The 9/11 families still lack answers from Saudi Arabia's involvement on September 11th. Mohammed bin Salman's claim that Osama bin Laden used Saudis to destroy U.S.-Saudi relations is crap. MBS says he wants a two-state solution with Israel and Palestine but he won't take in one Palestinian from Gaza. The video with Democratic veterans urging the military and intelligence communities to defy ‘illegal orders' from President Trump, without specifying what those orders are is shocking. This is unprecedented exploitation, implying the President is portrayed as a law-violating dictator. Democrats pretend to support the military while slashing its budgets under Biden. A three-judge panel issued a 160-page order blocking Texas's new congressional redistricting plan, alleging it was unlawfully based on race rather than partisanship. In a scathing 104-page dissent, Judge Jerry Smith accused majority judges Jeffrey Vincent Brown and David Guaderrama of "pernicious judicial misbehavior" by denying him adequate time to review and respond, calling it the most outrageous judicial conduct he had encountered in 37 years. Smith argued the redistricting was driven by partisan gain, not racial animus, dismantling the majority's claims as deceptive, misleading, and factually erroneous. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

On Indira Gandhi's birth anniversary, ThePrint Editor-In-Chief recalls his two meetings with the former PM. First in 1997, in Chandigarh and thereafter in February 1983 post the Nellie massacre in Assam. Watch #FirstPersonSecondDraft, where Shekhar Gupta also looks at how Indira Gandhi did brilliantly on national security through challenging years, but she had two big failures- maintaining communal peace & damaging India's political economy.

On Monday's Mark Levin Show, the judges in the James Comey case are obstructing the prosecution by granting rare access to secret grand jury information under Federal Rule 6e, despite no evidence of misconduct during the indictment, effectively trying to dismiss the case before trial. The judges continue lecturing the prosecution on alleged faults which create an awful situation. It looks like the fix is in. Also, the Epstein files contain nothing negative about Trump, despite pushes from figures like Rep Marjorie Taylor Greene, Tucker Carlson, and Steve Bannon. Tucker Carlson will always be a loathsome lowlife giving Nick Fuentes a megaphone, and for his own repulsive bigotry and antisemitism, and nobody can change that. This is not who the American people are or ever will be. And we patriots are not going to surrender our country to these poisonous grifters and hate-mongers. Not now, not ever. But they are actively trying to destroy our movement, promote themselves, and hand the country over to the Marxist-Islamist left and the Democrat Party. Make no mistake about it. Later, no we are not ready for Michelle Obama to be President. She's a radical leftist who keeps trashing our country and talking down to the people. She'd be unable to hold up to scrutiny on substantive issues had she run. She's no Margaret Thatcher, Golda Meir, Indira Gandhi, and on and on. Afterward, there should be some skepticism about the U.S. selling advanced F-35 fighter jets to Saudi Arabia, given the country's unacknowledged role in 9/11 and lack of apology to victims' families or the nation. What do they need F-35s for? Who is threatening Saudia Arabia? Why aren't we selling F-35s to Taiwan? Then, China is intensifying reprisals against Japan following new Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's suggestion that Japan could militarily intervene if China attempts to blockade or seize Taiwan, which China claims but has no historic right to. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

October 31, 1984. Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by her bodyguards at her home in New Delhi. This episode originally aired in 2022.Support the show! Join Into History for ad-free listening and more.History Daily is a co-production of Airship and Noiser.Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

India's second economic phase began with the landmark economic reforms of 1991, triggered by a balance of payments crisis. These reforms ushered in an era of liberalization, privatization and globalization that dismantled many of the past restrictive economic policies. This shift led to significantly higher growth rates, averaging 6-7% annually, propelling India to become one of the world's fastest-growing major economies.

En 1966, Indira Gandhi, héritière de la dynastie politique des Nehru, prend la tête de la plus grande démocratie du monde. Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Was Indira Gandhi a pragmatic nation-builder or an authoritarian disruptor or both? Historian Srinath Raghavan's new book, Indira Gandhi: The Years That Transformed India, explores her complex legacy, from her central role in reshaping India's political structure to the controversial imposition of the Emergency. In this conversation with constitutional scholar Arun Thiruvengadam, the session will explore the making and unmaking of democratic institutions, the long shadow of the Emergency, and the resonances of Indira's era in the India of today. A Q&A with the audience will follow. In this episode of BIC Talks, Srinath Raghavan will be in conversation with Arun Thiruvengadam. This is an excerpt from a conversation that took place in the BIC premises in Jun 2025.

Conoce a Hari Parameswaran, un hombre de 84 años de Bangalore que ha pasado su vida haciendo que la ciencia sea divertida y fácil para los niños. Ha creado 25 kits y herramientas de ciencia diferentes, ¡incluyendo un microscopio pequeño ! Su historia es increíble. En 1969, la primera ministra de India, Indira Gandhi, le Increíble científico de 84 años hace que aprender sea divertido para los niños Read More » Read the full Article: Increíble científico de 84 años hace que aprender sea divertido para los niños

What happens when a defiant chronicler and an idealist revolutionary converge in the playground that is India's freedom struggle? Urdu newspaper Pratap, launched in pre-partition India, was a torchbearer against the British Raj. The man who publicly defended it against colonial censorship was none other than Jawaharlal Nehru. The pen picked up by freedom fighter Virendra, the paper's editor and the founder's son who once walked shoulder to shoulder with stalwarts like Bhagat Singh was equally fearless despite threats by the imperial government, Indira Gandhi's Emergency and a parcel bomb sent to Pratap's office during terrorism in Punjab. Virendra was first arrested in the historic Saunders murder case. He was also in jail with Bhagat Singh the day the legendary revolutionary was hanged, sharing a rare first-hand witness account. In Independent India, too footsteps filled Pratap and its editors with dread and terror. Pratap: A Defiant Newspaper is a timely reminder of the ethos of a struggle, a template for speaking truth to power at all costs. It is the story of a perfect storm. The book is written by Virendra's son, distinguished editor Chander Mohan and journalist granddaughter Jyotsna Mohan. Jyotsna and Azeezullah Baig will be in conversation with Maya Sharma. There will be a Q&A session with the audience. In this episode of BIC Talks, Jyotsna Mohan and Azeezullah Baig will be in conversation with Maya Sharma. This is an excerpt from a conversation that took place in the BIC premises in June 2025. Subscribe to the BIC Talks Podcast on your favorite podcast app! BIC Talks is available everywhere, including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Castbox, Overcast, Audible, and Amazon Music.

le 21 mars 1977 : Indira Gandhi, Premier ministre indien, démissionne après avoir été battue aux élections législatives Avec Olivier Dupont , historien (ulg) Merci pour votre écoute Un Jour dans l'Histoire, c'est également en direct tous les jours de la semaine de 13h15 à 14h30 sur www.rtbf.be/lapremiere Retrouvez tous les épisodes d'Un Jour dans l'Histoire sur notre plateforme Auvio.be :https://auvio.rtbf.be/emission/5936 Intéressés par l'histoire ? Vous pourriez également aimer nos autres podcasts : L'Histoire Continue: https://audmns.com/kSbpELwL'heure H : https://audmns.com/YagLLiKEt sa version à écouter en famille : La Mini Heure H https://audmns.com/YagLLiKAinsi que nos séries historiques :Chili, le Pays de mes Histoires : https://audmns.com/XHbnevhD-Day : https://audmns.com/JWRdPYIJoséphine Baker : https://audmns.com/wCfhoEwLa folle histoire de l'aviation : https://audmns.com/xAWjyWCLes Jeux Olympiques, l'étonnant miroir de notre Histoire : https://audmns.com/ZEIihzZMarguerite, la Voix d'une Résistante : https://audmns.com/zFDehnENapoléon, le crépuscule de l'Aigle : https://audmns.com/DcdnIUnUn Jour dans le Sport : https://audmns.com/xXlkHMHSous le sable des Pyramides : https://audmns.com/rXfVppvN'oubliez pas de vous y abonner pour ne rien manquer.Et si vous avez apprécié ce podcast, n'hésitez pas à nous donner des étoiles ou des commentaires, cela nous aide à le faire connaître plus largement. Distribué par Audiomeans. Visitez audiomeans.fr/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Dr. Sneh Bhargava, AIIMS Delhi's first and still only woman director, shares her vivid memories of October 31, 1984: the day Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was shot and rushed into AIIMS while Dr. Bhargava's appointment was being confirmed. In this podcast, Dr. Bhargava describes the chaos in the casualty ward, the desperate medical efforts to revive Mrs. Gandhi, and the political pressures that followed. She also reflects on her trailblazing career in radiology, her fight for modernising the department, and her unwavering stand against political interference. Now 95, Dr. Bhargava has released her memoir The Woman Who Ran AIIMS, revisiting the day India's history changed, and her role in leading India's top medical institution through its darkest hours. Host: Soma Basu

Join Srinath Raghavan and Arindam Goswami in this episode of All Things Policy, where we explore the life and legacy of Indira Gandhi, one of India's most influential and controversial leaders. Drawing on Srinath Raghavan's insightful book, Indira Gandhi and the Years That Transformed India, we journey through the pivotal decades that reshaped Indian democracy, politics, economy and international relations. From her surprising rise to power and the 1971 war to the Emergency and economic transformations, this episode of All Things Policy will unpack the complex forces that defined her leadership and India's transformation. Srinath's meticulous research and engaging narrative style bring fresh perspectives to Indira Gandhi's era, challenging long-held assumptions and enriching our understanding of India's evolution. His book, and this episode, will surely update our understanding of the "long 1970s" in India's political, social and economic history.All Things Policy is a daily podcast on public policy brought to you by the Takshashila Institution, Bengaluru.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Find out more on our research and other work here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://takshashila.org.in/research-areas⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Check out our public policy courses here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://school.takshashila.org.in⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Join Srinath Raghavan and Arindam Goswami in this episode of All Things Policy, where we explore the life and legacy of Indira Gandhi, one of India's most influential and controversial leaders. Drawing on Srinath Raghavan's insightful book, Indira Gandhi and the Years That Transformed India, we journey through the pivotal decades that reshaped Indian democracy, politics, economy and international relations. From her surprising rise to power and the 1971 war to the Emergency and economic transformations, this episode of All Things Policy will unpack the complex forces that defined her leadership and India's transformation. Srinath's meticulous research and engaging narrative style bring fresh perspectives to Indira Gandhi's era, challenging long-held assumptions and enriching our understanding of India's evolution. His book, and this episode, will surely update our understanding of the "long 1970s" in India's political, social and economic history.All Things Policy is a daily podcast on public policy brought to you by the Takshashila Institution, Bengaluru.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Find out more on our research and other work here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://takshashila.org.in/research-areas⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Check out our public policy courses here: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://school.takshashila.org.in⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Edward Whitley OBE is a financier, philanthropist, author and conservationist whose work has helped protect some of the planet's rarest species. He's raised over £24 million for more than 220 conservation projects in 80+ countries, encountering everything from golden-headed tamarins to monkey-eating eagles.  He's also written on subjects ranging from Gerald Durrell and Nick Leeson, to Indira Gandhi, Sir John Betjeman, and even Jane Austen vs George Eliot—all while running his own investment firm for over two decades. In this wide-ranging conversation, we explore endangered wildlife, financial scandals, 19th-century literature, and a closing note from Sir David Attenborough. Informative, surprising, and inspiring—listen now. Related links: The Whitley Fund for Nature Gerald Durrell's Army The Graduates Rogue Trader Jane Austen and George Eliot The Lady and The Radical

Long relegated to the footnotes of history, Lal Bahadur Shastri is often overshadowed by the towering legacies of Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. But what if Shastri hadn't died suddenly after signing the Tashkent Agreement with Pakistan? Would Indira Gandhi still have become Prime Minister? And how might India's political trajectory have changed?In this episode, host Sandip Roy speaks to Sanjeev Chopra, author of The Great Conciliator, a new biography of Shastri. Chopra, a former IAS officer and former director of the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, traces Shastri's rise to power and explores why India's second Prime Minister deserves a closer look today.Produced by Shashank BhargavaEdited and mixed by Suresh Pawar

How and why did Hindu nationalism become popular among India's diaspora after India's independence in 1947? This is the central question of Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism, a 2023 book by the historian Edward Anderson.The book interrogates the distinctive resonance Hindutva ideology has overseas, and the multiple ways in which the diaspora engages with British politics and society, while sustaining connections back home in India.Anderson is assistant professor in History at Northumbria University in Newcastle. He was previously the Smuts Research Fellow in Commonwealth Studies at the University of Cambridge, where he obtained a PhD in History.Anderson joins Milan on the show this week to discuss the trajectory of Indian migration to Britain, the founding of the first overseas Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) shakha, and the Emergency's impact amongst the diaspora. Plus, the two discuss the role of the diaspora in funding politics and the emergence of “neo-Hindutva.”Episode notes:1. “A Reappraisal of Indira Gandhi's Life—and Legacy (with Srinath Raghavan),” Grand Tamasha, June 11, 2025.2. “The Secret to Indian Americans' Success (with Meenakshi Ahamed),” Grand Tamasha, June 4, 2025.3. “The Indian American Vote in 2024 (with Sumitra Badrinathan and Devesh Kapur),” Grand Tamasha, November 6, 2024.4. “What to read about Hindutva,” The Economist, April 5, 2024.

Indira Gandhi did not need to introduce new laws to give the Emergency teeth; such provisions already existed.  

#cuttheclutter Fifty years ago, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi imposed a nationwide Emergency that lasted almost 21 months. It had both intended and unintended consequences. In Episode 1688 of #CutTheClutter ThePrint Editor-in-Chief Shekhar Gupta looks at how the Emergency altered the course of Indian politics, and how it has redefined public life since. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To read National Interest articles: https://theprint.in/national-interest/crook-trp-hunter-idiot-clown-how-indian-journalist-fell-from-hero-to-zero-for-bollywood/762069/ https://theprint.in/sg-national-interest/national-interest-mere-paas-media-hai/544047/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To read Opinion article:https://theprint.in/opinion/how-indira-gandhi-gifted-indian-democracy-a-new-generation-of-political-talent/74379/ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To Watch Cut The Clutter episodes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q6d6FFqcU4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StMGiEiioAs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To watch Amit shah's address on 50 Years of Emergency: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4daLR6sxvE&t=7ss --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Produced By: Mahira Khan

On June 25, 1975, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of Emergency in India—an era marked by censorship, arrests, and a suspension of civil liberties. While the resistance within India is well-documented, far less is known about how Indians abroad responded. In this episode, on the 50th anniversary of the Emergency, host Sandip Roy speaks with journalist Sugata Srinivasaraju, author of The Conscience Network, and Professor Anand Kumar, who helped form the group Indians for Democracy in the US. Together, they reflect on how the diaspora stood up to authoritarianism from afar—challenging the narrative, organizing protests, and showing that the fight for democracy crossed national borders.Produced by Shashank BhargavaEdited and mixed by Suresh Pawar

Indira Gandhi's ascent as prime minister of India in 1966 seems obvious with the benefit of hindsight, but it was entirely unforeseen at the time.Within years—if not months—she emerged as one of the most powerful political leaders of her era—serving as prime minister for fifteen years, leaving behind a complex and deeply controversial legacy.A new book by the historian Srinath Raghavan, Indira Gandhi and the Years that Transformed India, unpacks that legacy, uncovering fresh material that challenges much of the conventional wisdom we've accumulated over the years.Srinath is professor of international relations and history at Ashoka University and nonresident scholar at Carnegie India. He is the author of several celebrated books, including India's War: The Making of Modern South Asia and Fierce Enigmas: A History of the United States in South Asia.He joins Milan on the show this week to discuss Gandhi's unforeseen right to power, the daunting conditions which greeted her premiership, and her improvisatory leadership during the 1971 war. Plus, the two discuss Gandhi's mixed economic legacy, the onset of the Emergency, and how our understanding of the “long 1970s” must be updated.Episode notes:1. Soutik Biswas, “The forgotten story of India's brush with presidential rule,” BBC News, June 9, 2025.2. TCA Srinivasa Raghavan, “Indira Gandhi and the Years that Transformed India,” Hindu Business Line, May 27, 2025.

Over the last few decades, humanity has globalized everything – from food production and supply chains to communication and information systems – making countries, businesses, and individuals more connected and reliant on each other than ever before. Yet, with this increased interconnectedness comes more complexity and fragility. What have we lost through the globalization process, and how might we fortify our communities by investing in local economies?  In this episode, Nate is joined by Helena Norberg-Hodge – a leading voice in the localization movement – to explore the deep systemic challenges posed by economic globalization. Together, they examine how the global growth model has fueled environmental degradation, social fragmentation, and cultural erosion, and why shifting toward localized economies might be one of the most effective (and overlooked) responses to our predicament. Drawing on decades of firsthand experience, Helena invites us to question the assumptions underpinning our globalized lives and imagine a future rooted in local reconnection. How might we rekindle a sense of enough in a world that constantly tells us we need more? As globalization begins to retreat, what small but meaningful steps can we take to relocalize our lives and reconnect with each other? And what kind of futures might be possible if we centered our communities around systems that regenerate the very places we call home? (Conversation recorded on May 7th, 2025)    About Helena Norberg-Hodge: Linguist, author and filmmaker, Helena Norberg-Hodge is the founder and director of the international non-profit organisation, Local Futures. She is also a pioneer of the new economy movement, the convenor of World Localization Day, and an expert in understanding the ecological, social, and psychological effects of the global economy on diverse cultures.  Additionally, Helena is the author of several books, including ‘Ancient Futures: Learning from Ladakh', an eye-opening tale of tradition and change in Ladakh, or “Little Tibet”. Together with a film of the same title, Ancient Futures has been translated into more than 40 languages, and sold half a million copies. Helena has continued to produce several other short films, including the award-winning documentary ‘The Economics of Happiness'. Helena specialized in linguistics, including studies at the University of London and with Noam Chomsky at MIT. Her work, spanning almost half a century, has received the support of a wide range of international figures, including Jane Goodall, HH the Dalai Lama, HRH Prince Charles and Indira Gandhi.   Show Notes and More Watch this video episode on YouTube   Want to learn the broad overview of The Great Simplification in 30 minutes? Watch our Animated Movie.   — Support The Institute for the Study of Energy and Our Future Join our Substack newsletter Join our Discord channel and connect with other listeners  

What Really Happened Inside Darbar Sahib in June 1984?In this powerful first-hand account, Bibi Satwant Kaur Ji – daughter of Bhai Amrik Singh Ji and granddaughter of Sant Giani Kartar Singh Ji – shares her emotional experience of the attack on Sri Darbar Sahib during Operation Blue Star.

早餐是補充蛋白質的黃金期，吃錯食物小心可能吃進精緻澱粉、加工品、油脂、熱量…等隱形負擔早餐補充蛋白質，首選統一陽光，嚴選非基改黃豆、植物性大豆蛋白、零膽固醇，營養少負擔！ https://sofm.pse.is/7laqxb -- 高雄美術特區3-4房全新落成，《惟美術》輕軌C22站散步即到家，近鄰青海商圈，卡位明星學區，徜徉萬坪綠海。 住近美術館，擁抱優雅日常，盡現驕傲風範！美術東四路29號 07-553-3838 https://sofm.pse.is/7m3zzq －－－－以上訊息由 SoundOn 動態廣告贊助商提供－－－－ 觀察川普上任後的外交言行，「美國第一原則」貫徹始終，他的言行作爲出發點都是爲了「讓美國再次偉大」嗎？川普外交戰略的核心是嚇阻中國霸權擴張，削弱中國實力嗎？這從哪些方面可以看出來？川普不是孤立主義者，川普不是單邊主義者，川普要重新建構與盟友的關係，川普要求盟友承擔公平的義務和責任。美英協議，美烏協議，范斯在印度演講，美日首腦聲明，美墨加談判，赫格塞斯對北約的講話都說明了這點？川普以實力謀和平（Peace through Strength)：力挺以色列打敗恐怖主義哈瑪斯，真主黨，葉門胡塞組織，敘利亞阿塞德，壓制伊朗；軟硬兼施，促使俄烏展開和談；終極目的是在於從歐洲，中東抽身轉進亞太嗎？川普在重建美國硬實力，但同時卻在削弱美國的軟實力嗎？台灣如何配合川普全球大戰略，深化台美關係？精彩訪談內容，請鎖定@華視三國演議！ 本集來賓：#明居正 #矢板明夫 主持人：#汪浩 以上言論不代表本台立場 #MAGA #川普 #關稅戰 #霸權 電視播出時間

CutTheClutter: 50 yrs of Sikkim integration: How it became Indian state & Indira Gandhi's Himalyan borderlands plan

On the 107th birth anniversary of India's 10th President, the late Giani Zail Singh, Editor-in-Chief Shekhar Gupta discusses his humour, bungling of issues & loyalty towards Indira Gandhi in contrast with his smart politics, troublesome equation with Rajiv Gandhi & tough decisions, in this edition of FirstPersonSecondDraft.

The BJP is accustomed to justifying its actions by harking back to the rule of Indira Gandhi when then-Andhra Pradesh Governor Thakur Ram Lal dismissed the Telugu Desam government in 1984.  

This is the Catch Up on 3 Things by The Indian Express and I am Ichha Sharma.Today is the 22nd of April and here are today's headlines.En route to Jeddah today for a two-day visit to Saudi Arabia, Prime Minister Narendra Modi described the nation as “one of India's most valued partners — a maritime neighbour, a trusted friend and a strategic ally”. He also said that the partnership between the two countries has “limitless potential”. Modi is set to meet Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman tonight, where both leaders are expected to discuss expanding cooperation in an array of crucial areas, such as energy, defence and trade, besides expediting Riyadh's $100 billion investment plan for India. Besides bilateral ties, the two leaders will also exchange views on pressing regional and global issues, including the overall situation in West Asia.In the first high-level visit from the White House since the inauguration of President Donald Trump in January, US Vice-President J D Vance met Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday and both sides “welcomed the significant progress” in negotiations towards a India-US bilateral trade pact, framing it as a “new and modern trade agreement.” Vance today praised India's heritage and strategic partnership with the US, saying, “I believe there is much that the US and India can accomplish together.” Speaking in Jaipur, he noted that both nations are working toward a bilateral trade agreement based on shared priorities. Referring to past policies, Vance said, “We are not here to preach,” and highlighted President Trump's vision to “rebalance global trade” and “build a bright new world” with partners like India. At least eight people, including tourists, were injured in a suspected militant attack in south Kashmir's Pahalgam today. Sources said two of the injured are critical. According to sources, militants opened fire on tourists at Baisaran, an off-the-road meadow in Pahalgam. Baisaran is a popular destination among tourists. Police sources said that at least eight people, including tourists, were injured in the shootout. Police sources said the number of injured could increase.A few days after warning against judicial overreach, Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar emphasised today that Parliament is supreme, and elected representatives are the final arbiters of the Constitution. Addressing a gathering at an event called ‘Kartavyam' in Delhi University, marking 75 years of the Constitution, Dhankhar said, “There is no visualisation in Constitution of any authority above Parliament… elected representatives… They are the ultimate masters as to what (the) Constitution content will be.” He referred to Indira Gandhi's imposition of the Emergency in 1975 and her electoral defeat in 1977 to underscore how elected representatives are most accountable to the public.Gold prices are glittering above the Rs 1 lakh-level per 10 gm for the first time as the international prices surged after US President Donald Trump unveiled plans to overhaul the Federal Reserve. Gold consolidated its position as the best safe haven asset in the volatile global financial markets. The price of 24-karat gold (999 fineness) was quoted at Rs 1,00,000 per 10 gm in the Mumbai bullion market today. The price of 22 karat gold was quoted at Rs 91,600 per 10 gm on Tuesday as global markets continued to remain jittery over the Trump's tariff plans and his threat to revamp the US Fed that could lead to a spike in inflation and interest rates.US President Donald Trump is facing a significant dip in his economic approval ratings, with his performance on the economy registering the lowest numbers of his presidency. According to the latest CNBC All-America Economic Survey, broad discontent over issues like tariffs, inflation, and government spending has contributed to this decline. The surge of economic optimism that followed Trump's election in 2024 has all but disappeared, with more Americans now predicting that the economy will worsen, a stark shift from the hopeful outlook that marked earlier years. The survey revealed a sharp turn towards pessimism about the stock market as well, with many feeling uncertain about future economic prospects.This was the Catch Up on 3 Things by The Indian Express

In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Biswo Nath Poudel, a distinguished economist and former Vice Chair of Nepal's National Planning Commission, to explore the complex and often turbulent political history of Nepal. From the rise of B.P. Koirala, Nepal's first democratically elected prime minister, to the 2017 B.S. coup led by King Mahendra, we dive deep into the events that shaped modern Nepal. The discussion highlights how the Panchayat system in Nepal was established and the various rebellions and guerrilla movements that followed in an attempt to restore democracy. We also cover the return of B.P. Koirala in 2023 B.S., his ideological stance, and his role in resisting the monarchy. Dr. Poudel shares insights into the 2046 B.S. revolution, the 2036 B.S. referendum, and the rising India-Nepal political tensions, including Indira Gandhi's role during King Mahendra's reign. We also discuss the history of Nepal's student unions, the romanticization of communist leaders in Nepal, and how key Nepali leaders like King Birendra rose through the ranks. If you're interested in Nepal's democratic journey, historical rebellions, and the evolution of Nepal's political system, this episode is a must-watch. GET CONNECTED WITH Dr. Biswo Nath Poudel: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/biswo.poudel.7 Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/biswo-poudel-048aa94/?originalSubdomain=np  

It's that time again, folks - It Happened One Year has (nearly) reached the end of another season, and so it's time to again honor those lost in the subject year. Listen as Sarah & Joe discuss a wide range of celebrities who said goodbye some forty-one years ago now, including Richard Burton, Peter Lawford, Ethel Merman, Indira Gandhi, Truman Capote, Francois Truffaut, Jackie Wilson, Count Basie, James Mason, and many more!

In this episode of SparX, we dive deep into the complexities of the global economy, India's growth trajectory, and the impact of Trump's return to power. Neelkanth Mishra breaks down why forecasting the economy is as tough as predicting the weather, how crowd behavior shapes policy, and why AI is disrupting global markets.We discuss India's economic challenges—monetary tightening, regulatory hurdles, and geopolitical shifts—while exploring potential solutions for achieving 7%+ growth. Are global markets headed for a crisis? How will AI reshape economic structures? And can India leverage this disruption to its advantage?Resource List - US President Trump and Ukraine President Zelensky - https://youtu.be/ajxSWocbye8?feature=shared Nixon and Kissinger meeting Indira Gandhi - https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve07/d135 https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/henry-kissinger-indira-gandhi-when-henry-kissinger-called-indira-gandhi-a-b-h-indians-bastards-4619944 The Great Transformation, book by Odd Arne Westad and Jian Chen - https://amzn.in/d/0QllE5P India's Quantitative Tightening by Neelkanth Mishra - https://tessellatum.in/?p=478 What is the Overton Window? - https://www.mackinac.org/OvertonWindow More on Mrs. Watanabe - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Watanabe https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/rise-mrs-watanabe-how-japanese-housewives-became-force-moenga-alex-akg6f What is fiscal deficit? - https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/fiscal-deficit?from=mdr What is base money injection? - https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/monetarybase.asp#:~:text=The%20money%20that%20they%20provide,of%20the%20Federal%20Reserve%20System. What is loan deposit ratio? - https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/loan-to-deposit-ratio.asp#:~:text=The%20loan%2Dto%2Ddeposit%20ratio%20(LDR)%20helps%20you,expressing%20it%20as%20a%20percentage.

On 48th anniversary of the lifting of Emergency, Editor-in-Chief Shekhar Gupta in this edition of FirstPersonSecondDraft revisits a most controversial charge levelled against Indira Gandhi's govt—that it conspired to put freedom fighter Jayaprakash Narayan away ‘medically'.----more----Read full article here: https://theprint.in/opinion/how-probing-too-keenly-into-damage-to-jps-kidneys-nearly-lost-me-my-job/12164/#google_vignette

King Mahendra of Nepal remains one of the most controversial and influential figures in Nepal's history. In this podcast, we explore his leadership, diplomacy, and economic policies, diving deep into his role in shaping Nepal's industrialization, tourism, and Panchayat system. Was King Mahendra autocratic, or was he a visionary leader who modernized Nepal? We discuss his political rivalry with BP Koirala, the Panchayat system, and the economic policies of King Mahendra that transformed Nepal. His impact on Nepal's tourism development, including his vision for Mount Everest and Mahendra Cave, played a crucial role in boosting Nepal's economy. A major topic of debate is why Nepal banned cannabis despite its historical and cultural significance. We uncover how the royal family used cannabis legally and the political pressures that led to its prohibition. Additionally, we analyze Indira Gandhi and King Mahendra's diplomatic clashes, shedding light on Nepal's foreign relations history. Was King Mahendra a dictator, or did his leadership bring long-term stability? Join us as we break down his vision, policies, and the lasting impact of Nepal's monarchy. Don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more insights into Nepal's political history!

What does it take to lead a nation as vast, diverse, and complex as India? How does one rise above criticism, personal loss, and public scrutiny to leave an indelible mark on history? In this episode, we dive into the life of Indira Gandhi, India's first female Prime Minister, who broke barriers, challenged norms, and redefined leadership in a male-dominated political world. Read the full article on our website https://englishpluspodcast.com/indira-gandhi-the-iron-lady-of-india-who-redefined-leadership/ To unlock the full episode and gain access to our extensive back catalogue, consider becoming a premium subscriber on Apple Podcasts or Patreon. And don't forget to visit englishpluspodcast.com for even more content, including articles, in-depth studies, and our brand-new audio series now available in our English Plus Podcast's shop!

On December 3rd, 1971, India and Pakistan go to war on two fronts, battling for the future of Bangladesh. In the East, the Indian army races against time, hoping to capture Dacca and force a Pakistani surrender before the United Nations can demand a ceasefire. Meanwhile, Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger unleash a fusillade of diplomatic pressure to frighten a defiant Indira Gandhi into compliance. After months of imprisonment, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman learns what has happened to his country. The war ends, and a new era begins.  SOURCES: Bass, Gary K. The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide. 2013. Bennet-Jones, Own. The Bhutto Dynasty. 2020. Carney, Scott. Miklian, Jason. The Vortex: A True Story of History's Deadliest Storm, an  Unspeakable War, and Liberation. 2022. Chang, Jung. Halliday, Jon. Mao: The Unknown Story. 2005. Frank, Katherine. Indira: The Life of Indira Nehru Gandhi. 2001. Gewen, Barry. The Inevitability of Tragedy: Henry Kissinger and his World. 2020. Hiro, Dilip. The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan. 2015. Hitchens, Christopher. The Trial of Henry Kissinger. 2001. Hoodbhoy, Pervez. Pakistan: Origins, Identity and Future. 2023. Jalal, Ayesha. The Struggle for Pakistan. 2014. James, Lawrence. Raj: The Making and Unmaking of British India. 1997. Jayakar, Pupul. Indira Gandhi: A Biography. 1975. Khosa, Faisal. The Making of Martyrs in India, Pakistan & Bangladesh. 2021. K.S. Nair. December In Dacca. 2022. Keay, John. India: A History. 2000. Mookherjee, Nayanika. The Spectral Wound. 2015. Raghavan, Srinath. 1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh. 2013. Rose, Leo. Sisson, Richard. War and Secession. Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh. 1990. Saikia, Yasmin. Women, War, and the Making of Bangladesh. 2011. Schanberg, Sydney.”He Tells Full Story of Arrest and Detention.” New York Times Jan 1972 Schendel, Willem van. A History of Bangladesh. 2009. Schwartz, Thomas Alan. Henry Kissinger and American Power. 2020. Sengupta, Nitish. Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal. 2011. Siddiqi, A. R. Yahya Khan: The Rise and Fall of a Soldier. 2020.  Tudda, Chris. A Cold War Turning Point: Nixon and China, 1969-1972. 2012. Walsh, Declan. The Nine Lives of Pakistan. 2020. Zakaria, Anam. 1971: A People's History from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. 2019. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Who were the first 10 non-royal women elected or appointed to be Head of State (President) or Head of Government (Prime Minister)? 1. Khertek Anchimaa-Toka, Chair of the Presidium of Little Khural of the Tuvan People's Republic 1940 2. Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon 1960 3. Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India 1966 4. Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel 1969 5. Isabel Perón, President of Argentina 1974 6. Elisabeth Domitien, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic 1975 7. Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the UK 1979 8. Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo, Prime Minister of Portugal 1979 9. Lidia Gueiler Tejada, President of Bolivia 1979 10. Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica 1980 Plus: 2. 10 Longest Serving Women Leaders 3. Why it's taken so long 4. Nations with the most (and no) women leaders 5. Women Leaders and happiness 6. Historic trends in women's leadership Join me every Tuesday when I'm Spilling the Tea on History! Check out my Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/lindsayholiday Follow me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100091781568503 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/historyteatimelindsayholiday/ Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@historyteatime Please consider supporting me at https://www.patreon.com/LindsayHoliday and help me make more fascinating episodes! Intro Music: Baroque Coffee House by Doug Maxwell Music: Butterflies in Love by Sir Cubworth #HistoryTeaTime #LindsayHoliday Please contact advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on this podcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

 En 1966, Indira Gandhi, héritière de la dynastie politique des Nehru, prend la tête de la plus grande démocratie du monde.   Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.